diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes index bed0738c7eeb449bca98b5d2f33c89a1ee56349a..4596b52a629d8bab19934f8684e85636495771f2 100644 --- a/.gitattributes +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -1,60 +1,1486 @@ *.7z filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text *.arrow filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -*.avro filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text *.bin filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.bin.* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text *.bz2 filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -*.ckpt filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text *.ftz filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text *.gz filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text *.h5 filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text *.joblib filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text *.lfs.* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -*.lz4 filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -*.mds filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -*.mlmodel filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text *.model filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text *.msgpack filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -*.npy filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -*.npz filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text *.onnx filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text *.ot filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text *.parquet filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text *.pb filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -*.pickle filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -*.pkl filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -*.pt filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text *.pth filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text *.rar filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -*.safetensors filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text saved_model/**/* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -*.tar.* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text *.tar filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.tar.* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.npz filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.npy filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.h5 filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.hdf5 filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.pickle filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.pkl filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text *.tflite filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text *.tgz filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -*.wasm filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text *.xz filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text *.zip filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -*.zst filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -*tfevents* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -# Audio files - uncompressed -*.pcm filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -*.sam filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -*.raw filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -# Audio files - compressed -*.aac filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -*.flac filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -*.mp3 filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -*.ogg filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -*.wav filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -# Image files - uncompressed +*.zstandard filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.tfevents* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.db* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.ark* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +**/*ckpt*data* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +**/*ckpt*.meta filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +**/*ckpt*.index filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.safetensors filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.ckpt filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.jpeg filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text *.bmp filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text *.gif filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -*.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -*.tiff filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -# Image files - compressed -*.jpg filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -*.jpeg filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text *.webp filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -# Video files - compressed +*.mp3 filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.wav filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.wma filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.aac filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.ogg filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.m4a filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.m3u8 filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.amr filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.audio filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.avi filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.flv filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text *.mp4 filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text -*.webm filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.mpg filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.asf filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.mov filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.mpeg filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.3gp filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.wmv filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.rmvb filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.ts filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.mkv filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.flash filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.vob filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.pdf filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.ost filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.pst filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.doc filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.docx filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.txt filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.ppt filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.pptx filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.xls filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.xlsx filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.vsd filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.vsdx filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.jsonl filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.json filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +dataset_infos.json ignore +*.csv filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +*.tsv filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00006.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00010.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00012.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00005.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00014.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00002.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00016.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00013.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00003.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00017.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00019.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00008.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00007.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00004.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00011.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00015.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00075.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00009.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00076.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00086.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00089.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00084.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00078.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00091.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00077.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00079.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00081.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00092.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00087.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00085.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00090.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00088.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00093.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00083.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00082.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00096.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00097.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00095.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00022.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00001.jpg filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00003.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00005.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00006.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00002.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00012.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00010.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00009.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00004.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00011.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00015.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00008.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00016.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00017.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00018.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00019.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00014.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00023.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00007.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00020.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00022.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00024.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00028.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00021.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00027.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00026.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00034.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00029.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00033.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00032.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00031.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00025.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00030.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00036.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00037.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00038.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00043.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00035.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00039.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00045.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00044.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00049.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00040.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00050.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00041.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00047.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00042.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00048.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00053.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00052.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00051.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00055.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00054.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00060.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00058.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00061.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00020.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00057.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00062.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00064.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00059.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00065.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00063.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00067.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00066.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00069.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00068.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00001.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00073.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00077.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00076.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00071.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00072.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00075.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00079.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00085.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00080.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00074.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00078.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00084.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00082.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00086.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00087.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00089.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00081.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00083.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00090.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00088.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00093.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00094.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00095.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00096.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00097.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00098.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00080.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00092.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00091.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00101.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00094.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00100.jpg filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00099.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00004.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00001.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00007.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00002.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00006.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00003.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00009.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00014.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00010.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00011.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00008.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00012.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00021.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00013.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00015.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00016.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00020.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00018.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00013.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00017.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00024.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00023.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00021.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00085.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00018.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00025.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00026.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00019.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00017.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00027.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00031.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00030.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00029.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00023.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00032.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00033.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00022.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00025.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00026.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00035.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00024.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00036.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00034.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00040.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00041.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00028.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00045.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00042.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00030.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00046.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00038.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00037.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00039.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00031.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00044.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00047.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00029.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00032.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00034.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00048.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00036.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00043.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00033.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00027.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00088.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00056.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00035.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00049.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00038.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00050.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00054.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00057.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00051.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00053.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00055.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00056.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00052.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00058.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00060.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00061.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00059.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00064.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00062.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00066.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00063.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00065.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00067.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00068.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00070.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00069.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00089.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00087.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00070.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00072.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00073.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00039.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00037.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00086.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00075.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00035.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00076.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00070.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00071.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00038.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00039.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00074.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00036.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00040.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00077.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00041.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00044.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00041.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00037.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00040.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00043.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00043.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00044.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00047.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00042.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00045.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00074.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00042.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00046.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00071.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00046.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00045.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00049.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00047.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00048.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00051.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00052.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00050.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00055.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00050.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00049.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00057.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00058.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00078.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00053.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00051.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00080.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00081.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00048.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00054.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00083.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00056.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00052.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00079.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00092.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00059.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00060.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00082.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00061.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00054.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00097.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00095.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00091.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00062.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00073.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00084.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00075.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00072.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00056.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00074.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00057.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00063.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00094.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00067.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00096.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00055.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00066.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00077.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00098.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00068.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00058.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00053.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00078.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00100.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00065.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00081.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00082.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00099.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00076.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00001.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00002.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00061.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00064.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00079.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00087.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00080.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00064.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00084.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00060.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00069.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00083.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00059.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00086.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00005.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00085.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00066.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00099.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00088.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00063.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00065.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00062.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00002.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00004.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00004.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00089.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00001.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00100.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00007.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00006.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00003.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00006.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00092.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00091.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00071.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00067.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00003.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00008.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00009.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00005.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00068.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00011.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00008.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00010.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00070.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00090.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00076.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00072.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00073.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00078.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00077.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00083.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00007.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00021.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00075.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00074.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00012.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00020.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00013.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00014.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00093.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00024.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00069.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00095.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00096.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00023.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00094.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00098.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00026.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00082.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00080.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00025.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00018.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00079.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00081.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00085.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00012.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00084.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00010.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00015.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00014.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00016.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00011.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00019.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00009.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00015.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00016.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00013.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00089.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00017.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00017.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00086.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00027.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00097.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00034.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00028.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00019.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00036.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00037.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00087.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00091.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00038.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00039.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00092.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00095.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00090.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00088.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00094.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00093.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00096.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00002.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00021.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00018.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00004.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00001.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00027.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00040.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00029.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00003.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00022.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00020.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00041.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00042.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00005.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00043.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00006.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00023.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00044.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00045.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00030.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00031.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00008.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00009.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00007.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00010.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00047.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00013.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00032.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00046.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00014.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00055.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00033.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00016.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00025.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00035.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00011.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00012.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00022.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00026.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00048.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00015.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00054.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00056.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00060.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00049.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00059.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00050.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00058.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00052.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00028.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00057.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00032.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00063.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00053.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00033.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00024.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00069.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00064.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00062.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00029.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00061.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00051.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00070.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00068.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00071.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00072.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00073.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00031.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_financial_report_00005.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00030.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_english_00034.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00067.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00065.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_math_00066.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00019.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00020.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00026.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00057.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00025.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00062.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00027.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00029.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00030.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00081.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00060.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00023.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00022.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00028.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00018.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00063.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00021.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00084.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00085.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00083.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00094.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00088.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00086.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00087.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00090.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00089.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00092.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00097.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00095.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00098.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00099.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00091.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00100.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00003.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00001.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00002.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00007.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00006.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00005.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00004.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00012.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00011.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00010.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00013.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00008.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00014.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00016.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00017.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00015.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00019.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00016.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00018.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00021.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00022.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00023.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00020.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00025.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00061.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00065.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00028.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00029.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00026.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00066.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00031.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00064.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00027.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00032.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00024.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00030.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00033.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00068.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00036.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00054.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00071.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00034.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00070.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00072.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00035.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00037.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00075.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00038.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00040.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00042.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00039.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00044.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00041.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00069.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00077.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00073.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00076.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00078.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00043.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00032.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00024.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00080.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00028.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00031.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00037.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00081.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00047.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00045.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00083.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00079.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00082.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00046.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00041.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00035.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00040.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00049.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00036.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00050.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00096.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00048.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00093.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00039.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00038.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00086.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00051.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00084.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00085.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00089.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00088.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00087.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00052.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00053.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00091.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00034.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00054.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00055.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00059.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00009.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00056.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00092.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00093.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00090.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00021.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00057.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00042.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00094.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00043.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00045.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00047.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00058.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00049.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00028.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00060.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00022.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00020.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00029.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00023.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00059.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00046.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00024.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00095.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00062.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00096.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00067.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00002.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00063.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00061.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00064.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00067.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00001.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00066.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00069.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00048.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00050.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00070.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00065.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00027.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00068.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00044.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00051.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00003.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00052.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00006.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00004.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00009.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00005.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00058.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00026.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00025.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00010.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00072.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00030.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00056.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00053.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00059.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00032.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00055.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00011.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00037.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00071.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00074.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00035.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00033.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00031.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00034.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00036.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00040.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00039.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00038.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00044.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00045.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00048.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00047.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00043.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/finance_research_report_00033.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00041.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00050.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00046.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00054.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00042.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00051.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00049.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00053.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00056.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00055.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00079.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00060.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00052.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00007.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00012.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00074.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00075.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00057.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00008.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00019.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00017.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00061.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00014.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00062.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00081.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00065.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00058.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00077.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00079.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00063.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00013.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00076.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00064.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00068.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00073.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00067.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00078.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00082.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00069.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00084.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00080.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00070.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00088.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00087.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00066.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00015.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00085.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00073.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00076.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00083.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00072.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00080.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00079.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00078.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00082.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00074.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00077.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00081.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00071.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00075.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00086.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00083.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00089.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00085.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00096.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00090.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00091.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00093.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00087.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00088.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00094.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00084.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00096.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00092.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00089.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00086.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00090.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00091.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00095.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00092.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00095.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00098.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00094.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00093.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00100.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00102.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00099.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00001.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00002.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00097.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00003.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00006.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00098.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00101.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00099.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00005.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00101.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00008.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00007.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00002.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00004.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00012.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00104.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00100.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00010.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00001.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00017.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00004.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00102.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00015.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00013.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00016.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00018.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00003.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00017.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00020.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00006.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00011.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00005.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00103.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00009.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00019.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00007.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00022.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00021.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00024.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00011.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00013.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00023.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00008.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00025.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00026.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00027.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00010.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00028.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00014.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00012.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00016.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00030.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00015.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00029.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00018.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00019.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00020.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00031.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00021.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00033.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00022.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00025.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00032.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00034.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00036.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00027.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00024.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00026.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00028.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00023.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00037.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00034.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00029.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00032.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00030.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00038.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00033.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00040.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00035.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00039.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00041.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00042.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00044.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00043.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00039.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00031.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00038.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00045.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00036.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00046.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00041.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00047.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00050.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00048.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00042.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00044.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00049.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00043.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00051.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00045.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00046.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00048.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00049.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00052.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00050.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00053.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00056.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00054.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00057.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00055.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00054.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00053.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00051.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00052.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00060.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00059.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00056.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00055.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00047.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00058.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00058.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00059.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00061.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00064.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00066.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00065.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00069.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00068.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00071.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00063.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00070.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00073.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00062.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00064.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00072.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00067.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00060.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00057.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00068.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00061.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00074.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00063.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00069.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00066.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00075.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00062.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00065.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00067.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00070.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00076.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00077.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00078.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00071.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00009.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00080.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00082.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00074.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00075.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00072.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00073.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00079.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00076.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00081.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00078.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00080.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00077.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00088.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00084.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00085.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00086.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00083.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00089.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00090.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00092.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00091.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00087.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00095.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00093.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00094.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00096.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00097.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00002.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00098.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00099.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00003.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00100.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00007.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00004.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00005.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00006.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00001.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00011.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00014.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00010.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00013.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00024.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00026.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00023.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00012.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00018.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00009.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00021.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00008.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00025.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00017.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00022.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00019.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00016.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00020.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00015.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00040.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00022.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00027.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00032.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00041.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00035.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00045.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00033.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00038.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00044.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00031.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00042.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00047.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00037.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00034.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00036.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00043.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00029.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00030.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00039.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00040.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00046.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00048.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00052.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00054.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00049.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00050.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00051.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00055.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00023.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00057.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00053.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00061.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00056.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00059.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00058.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00060.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00064.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00069.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00021.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00065.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00062.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00071.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00066.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00073.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00072.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00063.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00067.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00077.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00078.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00070.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00083.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00085.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00081.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00079.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00086.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00088.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00087.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00080.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00082.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00084.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00093.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00091.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00092.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00090.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00094.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00089.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00095.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00099.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00097.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00098.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00101.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00001.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00002.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00103.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00096.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00100.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00004.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00003.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00010.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00006.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00102.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00005.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00008.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00013.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00007.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00012.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00009.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00011.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00016.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00015.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00017.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00019.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00024.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00020.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00026.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00028.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00031.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00025.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00034.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00029.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00027.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00032.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00036.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00033.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00037.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00039.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00035.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00030.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00038.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00041.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00040.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00042.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00043.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00044.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00046.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00079.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00047.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00048.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00045.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00078.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00050.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00052.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00054.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00049.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00053.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00075.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00051.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00081.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00056.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00055.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00076.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00075.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00074.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00083.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00086.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00084.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00087.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00088.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00085.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00090.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00059.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00058.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00063.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00057.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00089.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00091.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00060.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00068.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00082.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00064.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00093.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00062.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00065.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00067.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00061.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00094.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00066.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00068.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00072.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00069.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00073.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00070.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00071.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00075.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00076.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00095.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00096.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00014.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00080.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00011.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00078.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00082.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00079.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00081.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00077.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00015.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00074.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00085.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00014.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00018.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00083.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00017.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00087.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00086.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00016.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00019.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00097.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00021.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00026.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00022.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00024.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00025.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00023.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00028.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00027.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00029.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00020.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00030.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00031.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00032.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00037.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00033.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00036.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00039.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00035.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00088.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00045.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00089.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00044.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00038.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00041.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00084.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00090.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00040.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00042.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00050.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00092.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00048.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00049.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00047.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00051.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00052.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00046.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00080.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00059.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00054.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00057.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00091.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00053.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00056.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00060.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00061.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00055.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00058.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00062.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00063.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00067.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00065.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00064.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00070.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00069.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00074.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00075.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00072.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00068.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00066.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00077.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00079.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00071.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00078.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00081.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00080.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00082.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00076.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00084.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00083.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00089.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00086.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00090.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00085.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00091.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00095.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00088.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00087.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00092.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00097.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00101.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00099.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00098.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00096.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00094.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00093.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00001.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00100.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00002.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00004.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00003.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00008.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00006.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00011.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00009.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00013.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00029.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00005.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00010.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00014.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00098.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00100.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00016.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00094.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00012.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00015.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00099.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00017.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00007.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00020.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00018.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00022.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00093.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00021.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00019.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00024.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00023.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00098.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00097.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00025.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00027.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00028.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00031.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00032.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00026.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00095.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00096.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00002.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00030.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00033.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00035.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00003.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00034.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00099.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00001.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00100.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00036.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00005.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00004.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00006.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00038.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00039.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00037.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00043.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00010.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00040.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00042.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00009.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00007.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00013.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00008.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00044.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00012.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00041.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00046.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00047.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00061.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00064.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00045.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00049.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00062.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00059.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00065.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00067.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00053.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00052.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00063.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00051.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00050.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00054.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00055.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00068.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00066.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00069.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00070.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00072.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00076.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00056.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00074.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00057.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00058.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00060.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00071.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00073.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00077.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_scanned_00046.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00014.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00048.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00028.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00043.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_programming_book_00092.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00090.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_contract_00018.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_standard_00097.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_academic_paper_00018.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/education_chemistry_00093.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/legal_legal_provision_00037.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00035.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00082.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00034.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/research_patent_00073.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +images/.DS_Store filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 5d8406a5041f6cbfadd72e6745230233d35e7844..969329d02a3e41756b0dc46f52c703e8f14aff16 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,3 +1,110 @@ ---- -license: odc-by ---- +--- +license: odc-by +tags: + - 文档解析 + - 文档智能 + - OCR Bench + - Doc Parsing + - OCR + - pdf + - markdown +--- + +DocParsingBench是一个包含1400张图片的文档智能测评数据集,系统性地采集并标注了来自真实业务流程的文档样本,首次系统性总结企业高频的文档元素,涵盖金融、法律、科研、工业、教育五大领域。 + +[![Hugging Face](https://img.shields.io/badge/🤗%20Hugging%20Face-SmartDoc--Industry-blue)](https://) +[![License](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-ODC--BY-blue)](LICENSE) +[![Version](https://img.shields.io/badge/Version-1.0.0-orange)]() + + +--- +## 🆕 最新资讯 + +**[2026.03.09]** DocParsingBench v1.0 正式发布!首个**面向真实行业场景**的智能文档解析数据集,涵盖金融、法律、科研、工业、教育五大领域。现已上线 Hugging Face!🔥🔥🔥 + +--- + +## 🎯 核心亮点 + +### ✅ 1. 五大真实行业场景 + +我们系统性地采集并标注了来自**真实业务流程**的文档样本,保留了**扫描噪声、印章遮挡、模糊字符**: + +| 行业 | 文档类型 | 场景特征 | +|------|---------|---------| +| **金融** | 券商研报、上市公司财报、招股说明书 | 多栏报表、带印章的PDF扫描件、复杂表格 | +| **法律** | 法律文书、合同条款、行业标准规范 | 页眉页脚规范化、脚注密集、参考文献交叉引用 | +| **科研** | 学术论文、编程教材、专利全文 | 双栏/三栏混合、公式密集、代码段、化学式 | +| **工业制造** | 操作SOP、表格单据 | 扫描件模糊、手写填空项、二维码/条形码 | +| **教育** | 书籍教材、英文、化学、数学 | 化学结构式、化学反应式、选择题选项、填空空白 | + + +### ✅ 2. 复杂版面全覆盖 + +- **单栏**:教材、法律文书 +- **双栏**:学术论文、部分研报 +- **三栏及以上**:券商财报、数据报表 +- **混合布局**:图文混排、表格跨栏、侧边栏嵌套 + +--- + +## 📊 数据构成 + +| 维度 | 分类 | +|------|------| +| **总样本量** | 1400页 | +| **语言** | 中文、英文、中英混合| +| **行业分布** | 金融 / 法律 / 科研 / 工业 / 教育 | +| **版面分布** | 单栏 / 双栏 / 三栏 / 混合 | +| **标注格式** | Markdown +| **化学标注** | 采用 [SoMarkdown](https://github.com/SoMarkAI/SoMarkDown) 规范,将 SMILES 与 LaTeX 结合进行表达,可完整渲染化学结构式 + +--- + +## 🏗️ 数据处理与标注理念 +- **坚持全人工标注**,因为文档解析的“正确答案”不该是模型猜出来的。因为我们在实践中发现:模型预标注的误差会被标注员“惯性接受”。标注员面对已有markdown结果时,倾向于微调而非重画,导致模型错误被固化。每一根框线,都是一笔一笔画出来的;每一个字都是通过键盘输入的。这不是效率最高的方式,但这是质量最高的方式。 +- 这是本项目投入时间最长的环节。我们为每一类文档元素制定了详细的边界判定规则,逐类试标、迭代、定稿。 +- 每一类规范都经过3轮以上试标+全员培训+一致性测试,确保不同标注员对同一页面的判定差异<5%。累计退回重标批次6轮,标注-复核工时比1 : 0.8 + + +## 📈 评测基准(待发布) + +我们同期发布的DocParsingBench**行业文档解析评测基准**欢迎社区参与评测!📊 + + +## ❤️ 致谢 + +这是一个需要极大耐心的工作。一个复杂页面的化学式+表格混排,可能耗时数小时;一次边界分歧导致的整批次退回,意味着数百小时的重来。每一页标注的背后,都是人眼对文档结构的理解,是人手对markdown的确认。感谢所有标注团队的坚持。 + +同时感谢 [SoMarkdown](https://github.com/SoMarkAI/SoMarkDown) 项目提供的化学结构式标注规范,使我们能够用精确表达大模型可读的化学内容。 + +--- + +## 📖 引用 + +如果您在研究中使用了DocParsingBench,请按如下格式引用: + +```bibtex +@misc{DocParsingBench-2026, + title={DocParsingBench}, + author={SoMark}, + year={2026}, + publisher={Hugging Face,ModelScope}, + howpublished={\url{https://modelscope.cn/datasets/SoMark/DocParsingBench}} +} +``` + +--- + +## 📜 许可证 + +本项目采用 **ODC-BY (Open Data Commons Attribution License)** 许可证,开放学术研究和商业应用。 + +--- +> 🌟 如果您觉得这个数据集有价值,欢迎在 modelscope/Hugging Face 上给我们 ⭐! + + +#### 下载方法 +:modelscope-code[]{type="sdk"} +:modelscope-code[]{type="git"} + diff --git a/images/.DS_Store b/images/.DS_Store new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..74782b9cedbd7d9e6ec2db43eab8e14a149ab5e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/.DS_Store @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:35119134c94b26a825dd72f55264c9be3c35b920863447c33f15a513d688014d +size 135172 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00001.png b/images/education_chemistry_00001.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7e2a3866248b94e5166a9b134fef44a76ddea869 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00001.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:cd42de163c4e71e705834779eec1c4811a82f453482d7c8c2ba576095f888789 +size 112277 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00002.png b/images/education_chemistry_00002.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8bfd5098cef4a56b474426b1322c01e55e0c8947 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00002.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9983992d68edbd2c88c330e4cdddadc6d0115c86883a50b0cd53c9cb9ef5f3d4 +size 231638 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00003.png b/images/education_chemistry_00003.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..457371a90b336e319323f2e8b55983ef362693c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00003.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4999c38b12570a41fc62cd77c3fc090599686e82a3b388853404b630e118c58d +size 31634 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00004.png b/images/education_chemistry_00004.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f668647a22367dee4ab4c49c12840ca724187447 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00004.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:440c6ba55325a60b6ac7336e651f28dc0045886d6b55cea7dbbe9685473fb414 +size 101781 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00005.png b/images/education_chemistry_00005.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f68715625c48fe408d115397a7c1fc99de67ab0c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00005.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8946b4810519671d2c49ab44b86fc845c0387f79d75f46f3aa1dc64da1225747 +size 122196 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00006.png b/images/education_chemistry_00006.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a59c27c9ea2118fa9fdf8fd60a3e226e7ffd6623 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00006.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:59069e3539d2b40c051039a1ba8d99e42912336a401db6190ed040915404fac4 +size 95417 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00007.png b/images/education_chemistry_00007.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6046799235c14afead97d4358525a6b2bb85e821 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00007.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:83113fa5a8af571cb61afba7dc5c6ee91d0f8c68bb282092bb10b203b6f715f1 +size 213566 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00008.png b/images/education_chemistry_00008.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4830ce359c87d1c44b96ae31e200d6d6cc6ec7d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00008.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:19263740ce5984b09ac2dfa3c1527632267ad52404868281181e2365f0d018df +size 133557 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00009.png b/images/education_chemistry_00009.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bed66ef788530aee2acc56d1f9e4fa16a8e8ba11 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00009.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9a51e96bf568c65a5824fe77648437ec112dfe269111eb68f93b2e60d4dc67ec +size 69843 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00010.png b/images/education_chemistry_00010.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..805f1a4719439e56bf81f34275df0aba54f12ed5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00010.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:12b7b6efff87ace25fcbe4ed51fd8a6f1e60580a3ff9f2c393e4d6f8b7ea4fba +size 132005 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00011.png b/images/education_chemistry_00011.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2429d8a4c198a488913a42b94c055881853d71f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00011.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5b19a37bce003a9262c4f6f22b560fc54cf8d49e78630d6dd597633ceae68ee2 +size 110392 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00012.png b/images/education_chemistry_00012.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d8a46042cc81313aaa17fa98977f962f39f6a773 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00012.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1cbb59fb57e1e02430f06a027b77e34c419e7de518d7ccf7f8aa4f70ad3e9c6c +size 141826 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00013.png b/images/education_chemistry_00013.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..970d56ebc7b6782b4020a9460b67ad5091970fe0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00013.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f7e60b18528f4cbb4ab7f8e28ff4c7aaf5e4541d8030e552125491aa72af26ca +size 121982 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00014.png b/images/education_chemistry_00014.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6f94f4505e5ae14a85c8c71e68340ddfa901eae7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00014.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:79901962e3b4ca128e440bc34e6ae69516796cf3d4ef8bd3f6b2328309f3d872 +size 147472 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00015.png b/images/education_chemistry_00015.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d0ad68e6bbbaf5a7fb88a87da1c49a0245f711e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00015.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6a99368e69ef7b35f4d386d4dd1809580e96f87bed9eba16a3d26d2ab6fd1c4d +size 85893 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00016.png b/images/education_chemistry_00016.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..26d4ac99d6e733f45497d39baa4b827c836d713c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00016.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7de06e602f0d91ecf498fa53abfc6cac563b7d7e9662fc6661c998ccda05badf +size 173614 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00017.png b/images/education_chemistry_00017.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fec6c23a8b1b779d148f385393eae116ed8f8970 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00017.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0f45127bdf3b8dcf04a081ec6fb631cb2219a9eec6dc822bc933050d62326537 +size 181348 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00018.png b/images/education_chemistry_00018.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..659d84026feadcf47b9b9de99be84928c9f88d10 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00018.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:cd049b16b9bb20138ca1884648e16f89904037ff69e7f834ffb6ddbf4258b524 +size 84816 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00019.png b/images/education_chemistry_00019.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..88fc2fc50eda77cd89e0d62cc1a380d3d4faee9e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00019.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d29dd85d11d616fc848970fd374779b1ee4e96a8265a323d3901133a61ff6948 +size 172155 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00020.png b/images/education_chemistry_00020.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..101d8f51a7647c375cb02fb6e0df315773f5a73c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00020.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1c7dc78ec0fb334d59fb43a9712d735594960c0aa5d00c63b75415998d18abec +size 140798 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00021.png b/images/education_chemistry_00021.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cd674b936a4419181d022a31905891cf048c86b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00021.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:dbe15d1fadc22ce4fdb705507449254451be04b4bb1d0ff3243f5404620b97d2 +size 144178 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00022.png b/images/education_chemistry_00022.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0160c5e6aedf821f71a3de23a01f23a9507f8869 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00022.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:bcda8a474541157d009d146b1efdeb33ffc0a68da3dde95ab7afc49d33bf1e79 +size 171667 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00023.png b/images/education_chemistry_00023.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9694fa6946dd50bca19b4d8c8a0701b174cc9a55 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00023.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b39b0531d86b8e67f1c7423904a9c61f6c904880c0b6c307f510e9df711fd013 +size 175204 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00024.png b/images/education_chemistry_00024.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5cd67ef32870a66cc6edaa43df0efffd4225b2a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00024.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:55fe305528f6b401ae2abc6975ec829a6101b14cc13de7a8c7bc893b2b938e83 +size 102312 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00025.png b/images/education_chemistry_00025.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..56915d5705e69fb244a00dea12e703780d21257b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00025.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:81ddb60c555adef8c96a286f9f9b64e39d21a5ffb37a98bd0bc1b8949cf594b2 +size 197026 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00026.png b/images/education_chemistry_00026.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dcd0160d41bd54b5d8ee97b395503042d250ba28 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00026.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fddb8375c9726d5b889e45f2907cbee865618362677ce1f8b0f58dcbb54d24ea +size 176900 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00027.png b/images/education_chemistry_00027.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a005658fccc3b280219da288ad02d2c88eafa46a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00027.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a47543fa6883bdd6ab4f2e793732ea5e0df96e1cb47799bdf25e20af5739ff88 +size 197876 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00028.png b/images/education_chemistry_00028.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..099319f66c4ab8b0ac0273c952e886cb60eaf24c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00028.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e78db79f9e2f6961b63a64539d4d820b9af5a281d96114b369a52534997982a3 +size 143957 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00029.png b/images/education_chemistry_00029.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..66c44e44056322f7da52f981c506be5a5b8c949d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00029.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:211d5413a44450cfdf1f5155fd08b1becc0ca38d9523ab931501e174faf53cce +size 130721 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00030.png b/images/education_chemistry_00030.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ddca4fbb5ec9a2adb61d319b65f72945e85b0c10 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00030.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:741da2b7c06907addea3a20ffa542052c37e8ba50f537d2380548a1878e589be +size 148628 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00031.png b/images/education_chemistry_00031.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d51b141ab4cee3173a1d38bbfe4a88d3215e629a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00031.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5eda6f79d6d1c04d7c8210221b4e5f75f9cd80b8011f17f48d4e7ceb78fe77ca +size 173921 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00032.png b/images/education_chemistry_00032.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..353fff41df703263ffa0fdbe4f45c1cfb49f6785 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00032.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:19eb77a9eb0b092658c7717dc53c8274bbc6b2ca0c83990f96866c352aadb586 +size 191970 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00033.png b/images/education_chemistry_00033.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bed58c37c3348f4f70b1abbcc8f03fd05bab5a27 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00033.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7508cc46f380980348e143f90d87db55f92299cc8f8066c0349bb2eb737533dc +size 112859 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00034.png b/images/education_chemistry_00034.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6fd962cd34a05fa046d0d56b0ab2e0d4ad37f1d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00034.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:44b7b9e031cdb309b46aa144c32d26ede1411d354d13f1551845de9ce46036eb +size 154798 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00035.png b/images/education_chemistry_00035.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dfbfb78ddb374b5287e9354cb5411f9720c0e8a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00035.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6a83de76b26d8e0f82e8e18ffc096e86aebc17d4d1fbd1d9e2b4c7970ddbda9d +size 160888 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00036.png b/images/education_chemistry_00036.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..016e288c8f1a0aacf945ba0846fb406e312851d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00036.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a56a4be0c79a25dcb6bec461910b19a06d21e05ca0c163615c016dbe18f2cd46 +size 169352 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00037.png b/images/education_chemistry_00037.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27cd3113791942972050d818b86d151b51d75bd2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00037.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9b015b00191ce1bdb3cc3343cbd98c2ef1f1e9f65dd6a52c4b3770831ecdd71a +size 157536 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00038.png b/images/education_chemistry_00038.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..471a69dcc9332f2483916930a31a83109cc26431 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00038.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ccf8a14ef520e1c5bdbc7be67631448604ad4e526498b532de40317417b7ebc3 +size 153789 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00039.png b/images/education_chemistry_00039.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1fa9ada411ca95f9925a73cae2266cf9196fe19b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00039.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:219b652e2da674a842afce53117f73e88d37bc7dffe02c5847d59009a5f4bfa4 +size 158779 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00040.png b/images/education_chemistry_00040.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d345100eaf290c32c28da302d459b95ed5ddba79 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00040.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a717c472ad71b523a49f4787d719366199a59d56f9e58d285317ac828a73b7a1 +size 89268 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00041.png b/images/education_chemistry_00041.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9a4b86124c874fab2af6be38b984d0599c9356f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00041.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e85e811b719fdd316894d1feb664621b612d062c541c23f5b58b013e4737242a +size 141172 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00042.png b/images/education_chemistry_00042.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bdde59ec8f7fcf728151f848b5b70f841cf6d143 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00042.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9934b9492274b5d6753adddf53e5fd5f89d40f5f621e765dc03f08383f304602 +size 202938 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00043.png b/images/education_chemistry_00043.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bdbab828c923c6b555ad2ea02021b0b845a08031 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00043.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f5aff43af6fab8efee87db7799f1b31f718830125f6f78b16998c080c90706e4 +size 120851 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00044.png b/images/education_chemistry_00044.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7fc9a5444c23ee3c55c4933b173739d5bc7fa27c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00044.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0e320639a91417c1ddc5d32bf5473194b06b3cd56d9a1d163ecad7042b0edb1c +size 117289 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00045.png b/images/education_chemistry_00045.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..647a1d3802b22ff9ee6f24978d197fa4f7a9104f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00045.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c47247b551a031af80ebfe708f47ee3813ee5c7dd08e505a8c918a8985810b2d +size 109760 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00046.png b/images/education_chemistry_00046.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4a422a5c45c9cc2350a8b654b40eaad155a45426 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00046.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e230d05c022408c45b31f23819848c60f2549c4f8e3cc4df32f158cea71bca0a +size 108895 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00047.png b/images/education_chemistry_00047.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a85b095e6a4bfc005fd8e1189afcc117557596b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00047.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0d1ac9d5d50962d1471c72df7207d9b0f3ebb40c268b8fcaa0ba3a9f1a46a69b +size 142819 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00048.png b/images/education_chemistry_00048.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..25ed24c49f9172e62027fad02536016329b16698 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00048.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1cc21833f5203840c45035181272d72c8481aa560facc2c31b1264855e5ed4ea +size 161355 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00049.png b/images/education_chemistry_00049.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c1ba6e9831f778eac58787ed231671893bdee82c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00049.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:634c73d3928a01669eaa52fc9bd1aa2fd482b1bfb83c5aaf37db33850b393c35 +size 145670 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00050.png b/images/education_chemistry_00050.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..be38448ad75d91941c8f20c477f0ad69c6adfaae --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00050.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:92036e06688a5b9894da7f10abddfb75c59e498904fb6d6e722699f0a175ad6b +size 104270 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00051.png b/images/education_chemistry_00051.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8fcd1a6e1bc9c89ab579e802da410cb70a43716c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00051.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a351cdcba96627071b823e543ef5373c699280ea995a981974dc77dc139a3243 +size 215818 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00052.png b/images/education_chemistry_00052.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..950920812f1dfeb7d0d7663cd402cfa173905c08 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00052.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0de219d33c8f3202a91ee7c296605f0990d1a8219087bda7825ff341e309e1a8 +size 181268 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00053.png b/images/education_chemistry_00053.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d99265282bb2cb76c7822a9076cee7cdcdf98d26 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00053.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:bc542434a3cac6b3e17e743e0968dcb85deaec1e22edd97bb97d4ff7a3cff623 +size 272521 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00054.png b/images/education_chemistry_00054.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0e8fee99e9e3cb01287996a4636998ea0cb4d50e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00054.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:57cee215f79c0b745debdea986bed1f65156871ab1e9186acf7a997f7dc80645 +size 224707 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00055.png b/images/education_chemistry_00055.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fb2a02e9124756fd72e37df2768630335b5e5578 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00055.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e3ee554e22447758db78cd638215984cfcc3a42812e49397dd6cb84e67b142b4 +size 191158 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00056.png b/images/education_chemistry_00056.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1b4aaafe95bc6e8938d88a83a349dffecc7f75bd --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00056.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:45bba4de70ce63a4e38a36bc135815d71faeb197619ef00052f262faa3a89a49 +size 356983 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00057.png b/images/education_chemistry_00057.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e0535e57a6e8b565a9dea70712a0d439b655126c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00057.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:41f47cd3ed94f171151f9e79675f317a71c039e763856f3f39f04f8e238e14a1 +size 136390 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00058.png b/images/education_chemistry_00058.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2da5c5ae8a59d629daa3ec4e1c69c9d883010b4a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00058.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:17c4d54306a1db3f66f3915562079d3638eb8f557c2d988e17a9bf6c1fb17ad2 +size 169436 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00059.png b/images/education_chemistry_00059.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5960594c9983048ff5a9b6bfb6d75dc908e95916 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00059.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2b5a65dc6f5a4f8901f72b96e33d8c034c4d258df1eb59354af843b5d1625faa +size 163276 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00060.png b/images/education_chemistry_00060.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..843cabd014764c9bc9669342fa47573844d892c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00060.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9eb7d06cd9866d33ae86f6ac7682a1d09f35670a6b4f3ef4878991065ec2f1fd +size 140349 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00061.png b/images/education_chemistry_00061.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ae6832564d9b1a4be3102532fc55e51b610afec9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00061.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:643bc72aecf3bd9d58d05ee11312e362b3e4250ed5e7cef00d61a7e89404b15c +size 119507 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00062.png b/images/education_chemistry_00062.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b0129af6294ef6be99b83cf76841af05ca84746c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00062.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:983c323748ede918fbeb52323a743984bf581fa13c12a29613e712a5a0c362a1 +size 78290 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00063.png b/images/education_chemistry_00063.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..985dc0cc8ec1e3d4a322ed35e0eb79012371f508 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00063.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:995d937edeed741805431c00f3a69eea0d8d5213cae7ea9137e05f0ec72baed2 +size 74383 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00064.png b/images/education_chemistry_00064.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5eadbfdcc04f160b4a4680d99aebcb2584d834cb --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00064.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b52d880353c9d34fed380e2c31b43ab2d9dfce11e085cd499838266347ffa84d +size 115147 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00065.png b/images/education_chemistry_00065.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d34870be6d285b8213ccdc181536ba5b407c432c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00065.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:88b5089bbb2bf8c319ac90fe3904579c320bb7e518ed725da5f3db7977bcfb4f +size 119797 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00066.png b/images/education_chemistry_00066.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f77c37afcd02cb248053c55aa99ab00b3c569e6a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00066.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2483e09ef579b2093dcfaa3932cbaac76a3c9f1c8e57e327eb540abadd6c2cf0 +size 130331 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00067.png b/images/education_chemistry_00067.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c45d157e869af08a3d007afa87164676405ab696 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00067.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e2d7f8941681b2b3b3cac657eaf1dfb70942cd68e2cde43a403d37e583082398 +size 143313 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00068.png b/images/education_chemistry_00068.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..29a38eeecc086665156cfec68d0ad7c789f2cdc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00068.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:719b26ce8aa03372ff267c1968a06e3705c3cd8ad9f98416b45ff56893821ee0 +size 144095 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00069.png b/images/education_chemistry_00069.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9f6d7e70d9c3cb1a66a9940c1fdd5d0ccd6ac124 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00069.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:de09b65988333d358164483562fb6e7d0e33e17537176f29fbad28a271f3c444 +size 89155 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00070.png b/images/education_chemistry_00070.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..63791d061094f7f4fa2cb0a4b20ab30fd062b71c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00070.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c4b65b5c995c2ee8d11e9fa237b35863cda944bd3294d4302d319c91437ae1a4 +size 126932 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00071.png b/images/education_chemistry_00071.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..69e86de01e973a3c8eaf7651aa1aa80a004dfab9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00071.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ce185357272c1a01be1ee1e5711eecb9add6c254b794ef74519981112c91f7e2 +size 120180 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00072.png b/images/education_chemistry_00072.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6cd869e0c896d0fe23a0a834a9b9a983e77fe18b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00072.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e1a82b538dbbefd4a2d510535d6df523b5f0da03a9733dd55ec47dcbe21d3d3c +size 84019 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00073.png b/images/education_chemistry_00073.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..034310ab5abf9b7bea3515d87150f04bc66baff8 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00073.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5b354ebbc688048f2bed5c4d07f49fe34b7071057a51c084b8d0baef4d311584 +size 120293 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00074.png b/images/education_chemistry_00074.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..326e2c9ef200c8c0dd2eb7ab44e838df6b2604bd --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00074.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:63df952866ea05b47e141aaba4b0896c85d84de1f098550bacfa654c6c6fa1c3 +size 92451 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00075.png b/images/education_chemistry_00075.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27f6dba1613bb9ae7c18e6cb2c31c7749bfa11f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00075.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a6470b7befc228cba8f4aebc4118b0c9e5eb86b520126a8b39af9f8e5c452f31 +size 131038 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00076.png b/images/education_chemistry_00076.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0e7c9525490fbbbc9be5f03d4fc48e329ba910d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00076.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:50f507a779a7d93bc968535ffadf5a0ce40437a6a99ac153da66dd1e1e45397e +size 141661 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00077.png b/images/education_chemistry_00077.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..29749f026507a2a3f1aed614dc9fb71fcf947567 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00077.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:dbc4c53ddb7b16ac6c51846f75e05f55e1fbb7034bb62b59f5fee878a1d1b072 +size 104882 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00078.png b/images/education_chemistry_00078.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9c20d4766447c468e45ed348d4fc6bc34bef887b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00078.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0d471be3c8bdf9be8523207ab2c40365707f2a081d52d8da3526424a27d1a3eb +size 251221 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00079.png b/images/education_chemistry_00079.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c7ef6b3fc31be1409a7e10a051f330d6daa42a8d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00079.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e6e61ab03a8b22a4a7000a4b936815572181fc3d87f43df288b109204972d129 +size 311263 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00080.png b/images/education_chemistry_00080.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c100fe5e6a50e7ad0f954255cda97d692c56f122 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00080.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:33c4258f60af3b53c6ac9c90b267f177162e9ebd3f8c48a7d8cb15e150f7fdc5 +size 148121 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00081.png b/images/education_chemistry_00081.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2db6bb75d28977f375bcf84277e209d1e5c62b5b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00081.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ca51c8585b8e7bd047b195ae960c6c8daf5fde1f19c3e47c8b40152c7ddc6a7b +size 358836 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00082.png b/images/education_chemistry_00082.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b683508f838525dd3238951e13fc77999d46e9db --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00082.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ff22f273833006b6ce7d633368f29327671a7b50a54ff84d5f65e75c86b4b82e +size 209021 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00083.png b/images/education_chemistry_00083.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..19fc559162bf36251b213d11c5ac2b8a3fb631a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00083.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:634a104475dab4c019626cf5c747f37a583c2576aba00d598613c04a3c1e750a +size 122826 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00084.png b/images/education_chemistry_00084.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bb53fa6b8b28d1a39edc9be2967615e0495996fe --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00084.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d3374d946d762c49b6c874f87417b8abc379dd6ae789a9e0619691134adf2b97 +size 147858 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00085.png b/images/education_chemistry_00085.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..23728b25ba086776186b12a1925d7c78cfa04bd6 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00085.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:53d5d0e4bad17610725715e7af9100de4537f4bfaf313c261f9f02c03562fa14 +size 85787 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00086.png b/images/education_chemistry_00086.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ced1efc3aa439d5e8e2f8299fa4f21493f4b306d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00086.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:94d9dc35ea60633037bcc8fd6f8a058d3feaf5195a5eca77c597cd7e311befa7 +size 84966 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00087.png b/images/education_chemistry_00087.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cc8f5a457be974d67d7ba0b81fcd44fa054008b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00087.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:747a4caf37836104b860b4da727a33e0d4fc01db168185a8c9ce4aa724accb95 +size 89740 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00088.png b/images/education_chemistry_00088.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7573125fb202cab1117e567601a26333d9672a83 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00088.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1b79fddbe76c24fd9cdc3a0cdf2836fbc77c589d209240c4ce063fb126dabea2 +size 147727 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00089.png b/images/education_chemistry_00089.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..32318d63cb0916f812e56e8bb467ac004334126e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00089.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a62c156e0176e36faf50e3a71af2a503b0196f190be8aeea68acf6e2e67b0cf7 +size 128143 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00090.png b/images/education_chemistry_00090.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b388eb03232e75b821b7d4e860f0b2f806f251b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00090.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:75d6586c0cd32db8c6daa302f77380710980bf0a5a7ff2340bea0b8f143d3778 +size 138507 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00091.png b/images/education_chemistry_00091.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..52ce0ec1a3462f10245544e8c63eb05d1d235555 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00091.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:aaff5a6247b89fced6b782ce34205faefed02bf9638bd321d2025da06f714dce +size 163485 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00092.png b/images/education_chemistry_00092.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..54b3bb22345790442681a3cebe94509ab3d1cab9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00092.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:290bfebd4fdfbef2effffeb300051ede03cc20b29e17093c57b539e4573f6b02 +size 129380 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00093.png b/images/education_chemistry_00093.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3c3cdbba653433cbf1a858cbff1fdfffc2f49e6f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00093.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e0c214c707acd7516d694a196d5e4ab40bc9b90aa412316fb8860db4e462fd53 +size 125963 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00094.png b/images/education_chemistry_00094.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2802ea707f35c8c992f7a9f320ae8c9786a035d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00094.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b7a392d391861f40244a12fda560dbcf960caf31d50aba93134c247ab0e7cd36 +size 56496 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00095.png b/images/education_chemistry_00095.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..902c3cbc24c33be5db7c3a581dacac94bcd2ff6b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00095.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a5d7e77b4ddef0136fadedd608bf620ea0dd1f558d27e7b7218cbb570d5b452b +size 117971 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00096.png b/images/education_chemistry_00096.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4a7500e43235c5fefa749e5aca9d87ff55d2d519 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00096.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:cf16e249221b35b365439ce94e055e9a7c3d52477f82861ad00c71cd1cb1f301 +size 82882 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00097.png b/images/education_chemistry_00097.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..30c105ed5b28e1b153344047c509e6e1ad456526 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00097.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7d20771ca6e9a849795be2f88e9b6cfd070d1186c81cb829d4839c60d9634a86 +size 115915 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00098.png b/images/education_chemistry_00098.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fb4a04a003cc40a563c799acdd9a36ae9d10bbed --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00098.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f65e0ba6d27a233e92c24401175ad2c19b83880c424a7e0ae39c8ca6507acc80 +size 170775 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00099.png b/images/education_chemistry_00099.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..10bd31dd1735bbdb89baccb2605e0a5b88bac762 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00099.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e0ffed2f45d625da66f329377c2dffbd61994566f3afcea3e18cdacbaad2d793 +size 107176 diff --git a/images/education_chemistry_00100.png b/images/education_chemistry_00100.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f1d23fba08752e49c40f753189ca9df3e1113f4a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_chemistry_00100.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7da188facb31d09790ae385269d518270651b348dba789e532135a6b9f383854 +size 446292 diff --git a/images/education_english_00001.png b/images/education_english_00001.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..21e3dafd5e3befc83ec67afa704cd18457880398 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00001.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:590bcfcbb96c6c9e9ead460ad695f33082a0bc271ccddf60632e26a76d84cb27 +size 411621 diff --git a/images/education_english_00002.png b/images/education_english_00002.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..44120f75569476d58345b2767182ae20fb67464e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00002.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0b5b8b713a48f85be7691176bd63c3bf9dd285e8076112418041764f393b0c77 +size 227894 diff --git a/images/education_english_00003.png b/images/education_english_00003.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..229630d3616f47950a3e9e78c1861f41a0d4ad12 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00003.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:de24652895a8383004701f30af9c2d7a47e30434b88796d31e18edc9c9a3c56f +size 300214 diff --git a/images/education_english_00004.png b/images/education_english_00004.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..76c3912a4faec18d9aa1edd8d5d31cfa7012721d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00004.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c7604739982e3ecae26507d6d04491d2fe3f8cb0cdba4da75695ac6a4dc3f9df +size 313684 diff --git a/images/education_english_00005.png b/images/education_english_00005.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b2130ce63ab4fbaed7cfcdd38673cff79fe63943 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00005.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b27b31ae28ac14c98a9749b1d8f4cf29f5824729f5e88bd53402dfa78cb975c2 +size 365663 diff --git a/images/education_english_00006.png b/images/education_english_00006.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9e715659493e8d6c1583c369ff9c90026913c04 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00006.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:16c356454e7ac58e1298b379fab2f03ce2dbadea0251f4ed633e94248a05e52a +size 331929 diff --git a/images/education_english_00007.png b/images/education_english_00007.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7d0228bc53a45fe28b404e9a799dd46448f64d93 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00007.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6ac7fecd38a95dd81793cfa04c89b0768de6d80190f8a560dd93bc075dcfccb0 +size 335838 diff --git a/images/education_english_00008.png b/images/education_english_00008.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..947f2d9b6f1868fc4e61820c7e02dd2d58052a8b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00008.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ac6c89f0c96a0f502dfb98d83d47fc35549e8cbeeb9598618ffa970ef7d3d234 +size 355395 diff --git a/images/education_english_00009.png b/images/education_english_00009.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..08410eb24b723c8bd85ab9ab42b55d0ab9817a72 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00009.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:59e6ee4bf59672f44062492773ea5c297a18244969cc52d4bb2d4ab39feb692e +size 348228 diff --git a/images/education_english_00010.png b/images/education_english_00010.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e4350a81989cc7f1d40fb449e89d21468405ca39 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00010.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b22e5f9f5ccd70585d70c579b6e49d91a012c10dcb30a179a5b6c8117d176552 +size 349671 diff --git a/images/education_english_00011.png b/images/education_english_00011.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f465e58a690b42a9ed36530c68d139d6a17eaeb2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00011.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:544dc48ee1ce1f3b865a64c36489b863ae0f21fb8308a3fee8236acc9ac373bf +size 352421 diff --git a/images/education_english_00012.png b/images/education_english_00012.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9f95b4ca11c9490341c087d10fb98ca4fb130d67 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00012.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:412210cc15225dffd54f77410efeff0bfa8ae6dd0ac97342557c239d445960c6 +size 383423 diff --git a/images/education_english_00013.png b/images/education_english_00013.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5ad19e71c86f5d23716732169d711acbc0e636d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00013.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3c3c2dd6122a6b7e2c178571043715bd4a82cf4e49ff7c70a44ccb24c5386287 +size 396203 diff --git a/images/education_english_00014.png b/images/education_english_00014.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f2217cf71746ff736b6a5a526d378bde0db97daa --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00014.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4653981d7685a0cdb12930144114bcbf8bd8d223dd10dd606e8d34c9978ed728 +size 331484 diff --git a/images/education_english_00015.png b/images/education_english_00015.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..56560ab7b6140de4baf5bd55baa8e1dc384ebc52 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00015.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:db42e5acdfe45d194aba3f4629e1a6a8fc1f9f34cce1f97abfec6d7a0fb42886 +size 499792 diff --git a/images/education_english_00016.png b/images/education_english_00016.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..beb6fab42fd5c21915420a39fa2825ba1d717a18 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00016.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0086da72445dcffbce38628b47072bc4399cdf41c9606bbcdc77eb013b7694f4 +size 504590 diff --git a/images/education_english_00017.png b/images/education_english_00017.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9de4613a0d16b53b5113e115fc4be5fe5334f06b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00017.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6e51927fd45f21255a476b96c47f1fa3cf43830ddf1053c8b88eeaaa3d1e5dea +size 421173 diff --git a/images/education_english_00018.png b/images/education_english_00018.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a9641ea82b7adc63296331e13b96cb539b44a8c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00018.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:01d48c5cb370b406b037dc35589535b287d67f20439c650ec5027dcd7e8e4837 +size 450029 diff --git a/images/education_english_00019.png b/images/education_english_00019.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f464ed375cbfd78819402aa93a2b7bd2566cac50 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00019.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:390ce297bd86694786f77c12a0e8f0aecc94c2de99e1dfc54db951e91f55d3b8 +size 416293 diff --git a/images/education_english_00020.png b/images/education_english_00020.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aa4de0f66d217a3d0649366dedde00ce3ad7a698 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00020.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7053e04f38b5a246b528b509e6a26146325305923e2998b457520c0bf9603b48 +size 319408 diff --git a/images/education_english_00021.png b/images/education_english_00021.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f0712e496398a8ba5bec2c44e4e8a990e4e8acbb --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00021.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:269d3ebc260abfa764465561e51fe194748b0dc550e947e0e0386144501baf74 +size 192473 diff --git a/images/education_english_00022.png b/images/education_english_00022.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..73c4f10d443cf6d1bf0a8b055896090c727488f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00022.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ab55872fc4063069ca3640ef0205af03a85c597f17afc3c3b844f0329030ccdf +size 478306 diff --git a/images/education_english_00023.png b/images/education_english_00023.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..64885a8397ab5d089271923741a866be13d03591 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00023.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:117f43e0bcd1dd070960fbe8c9d6bf3569616f18af5cd0d0618f6768a62a8f26 +size 231710 diff --git a/images/education_english_00024.png b/images/education_english_00024.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5c4baf3e311617a1e56eb69b3fa63df9646d0b67 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00024.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8de6389f6da1c118f3db1c8158f76749f53777f64cf743bea8f965ff3e300e62 +size 295156 diff --git a/images/education_english_00025.png b/images/education_english_00025.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..93cb03119f49fd16526af0b763bc1637668b844a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00025.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c048575068c4d0458d05f06fbf57cc57cf4087cd1dcd330087d697399cf9ddeb +size 277314 diff --git a/images/education_english_00026.png b/images/education_english_00026.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7fc3dad484306d4bf54ea5abbcf1488e9eb697bd --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00026.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:226a71e555588bfe64f39cfa23e78f1ba4913b97666f1ffe6ff5d4081309a88e +size 356421 diff --git a/images/education_english_00027.png b/images/education_english_00027.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..57a978fede7536f2ec4aee74590c8785ac0c3f6c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00027.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:cb8848a81ecb7b940ba3453c03e1d3fca620b8e029ec550b95dfd42365e2561d +size 350915 diff --git a/images/education_english_00028.png b/images/education_english_00028.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ee11a1b2c925b03961a7a5e72674d65fbda292b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00028.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b595954bc851f040d75432a0f84da902ab1b025275c9dbdddb3b71917ff8d086 +size 371870 diff --git a/images/education_english_00029.png b/images/education_english_00029.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..91b4e8e6d55f295e8e2c91865b8d8825d5ec7cf9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00029.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:403d5c7059118e99a1c1304e0ff32a7ae2c76002535ecef6eac325f033fdc270 +size 339558 diff --git a/images/education_english_00030.png b/images/education_english_00030.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b91839c031264f22b849dc829a3f1c6de68817a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00030.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6b733e0f1d783911233867d8ae3eb4fe7ba2f96b4d46d9d1ee4023a65e28599b +size 324406 diff --git a/images/education_english_00031.png b/images/education_english_00031.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..880ff1a44f0f8a13501abd66e480fe1f54ca066b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00031.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c68dda6cc13dac4be97f64519fe86fde2448c69596f3874dfab260d87b4f5b1e +size 451437 diff --git a/images/education_english_00032.png b/images/education_english_00032.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7f650213997c9769093143f77091e807f0b1a4ec --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00032.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fef73c1f17bee1ed63f0d13181ec147e530288392e0ee52e8c9c171e2ed0f21e +size 307524 diff --git a/images/education_english_00033.png b/images/education_english_00033.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9a93de676958fbb726e574ae49b5641d29c299e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00033.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:45107b51e0f90c8745b267a530dbc7bd7e7ec7744c56ce0993b2453678a50b38 +size 317697 diff --git a/images/education_english_00034.png b/images/education_english_00034.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d9dacc8d45276d1138c5743e734078eab514a5cf --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00034.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5c2d7d2704d6863d7df70ca3f696b921e15a7c9f8552262707756e816a5f9eeb +size 292096 diff --git a/images/education_english_00035.png b/images/education_english_00035.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ca3890988e63ecae4586914f4eee8d2c6eba7ed0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00035.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:74c7e2244dfad5c1558aa98510df2488f0677656fe51c55016092671aa5cd7de +size 324169 diff --git a/images/education_english_00036.png b/images/education_english_00036.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a4e7f05d3d7e553898393e9ae81735be23156395 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00036.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b50bb75698ccee798224b6bdbd4b85dd265dc8e3408659d3aa0b7eeb928394a9 +size 316454 diff --git a/images/education_english_00037.png b/images/education_english_00037.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c2f2b070640446cd4f1a43bebaeab4605014f9bf --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00037.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b6a136d5b75b81e75c9b37c7fcef5250f581c620e6716e9cd7cac4798ca33b23 +size 439800 diff --git a/images/education_english_00038.png b/images/education_english_00038.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b8eb008f1ed7b84b7ea787ed255a8b9ed1c3c696 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00038.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:986ec9b019115fce61da414487c5a352f8cba692d3a9d786b7f8a856a37ae5cb +size 290742 diff --git a/images/education_english_00039.png b/images/education_english_00039.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..00b5c08132b3d0e1854b0c501571a2c30bb03fa5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00039.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:458ac9fffeb0f2431eac9c951ec43d8373b0829d211aebf27866b06be05f08fd +size 333928 diff --git a/images/education_english_00040.png b/images/education_english_00040.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c7ed3b0f15bf323a747317b48609e3cdc795d5e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00040.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a51b21998cb9de443859166c38c8b1f6880ab624e528917c84288d1f05efe3c9 +size 319344 diff --git a/images/education_english_00041.png b/images/education_english_00041.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9ec550f0288f1487d894bd197e283a2267c20d99 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00041.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4b524f96382d15527dbae3d56dd1b03deed682496530656ac784a7f089473cfa +size 255394 diff --git a/images/education_english_00042.png b/images/education_english_00042.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1a86047d7f66846354f22ec869a4a4c1ede35556 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00042.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:611b69185ee946c97d11cd71aedccc15a26b842963161c59b81d24e942a2bfae +size 287890 diff --git a/images/education_english_00043.png b/images/education_english_00043.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..845b5a76fda76f547b55d557612898a4ff3e7bab --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00043.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d1f51ef05598d2deb0f41cedb0fe9b8ae70a9363438c26dc86de87733e43e147 +size 393622 diff --git a/images/education_english_00044.png b/images/education_english_00044.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a376b01fbd5996527faee12a21a3d4bdff4bf1cb --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00044.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1519a985d1c341929ef4a4719b1bad38a739a6f047bd6a59d2a8905ea19e14c1 +size 342293 diff --git a/images/education_english_00045.png b/images/education_english_00045.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..317d372b9568634ef1ce22f866e5011c5641514a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00045.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:87a68b0ff02140dab9062442706d9a6670513d02ebf172e7bba6f6a3ceac4ec7 +size 320102 diff --git a/images/education_english_00046.png b/images/education_english_00046.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dd0fa095d242ef5c599dcb670c067c7682d58536 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00046.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:390b2362540651f3b081c7ca2a2db2984aa531e833e57b27f99b625665b519e7 +size 187169 diff --git a/images/education_english_00047.png b/images/education_english_00047.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..23f1191fd8ebbf24b8a1852f5b9a720b31e38115 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00047.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:46dcd36834acdfc886235d6433506f219833d932fb7d516b0614732535452774 +size 314405 diff --git a/images/education_english_00048.png b/images/education_english_00048.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c02ee4b3db153ee636db09f6041cda85920fb0f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00048.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0e1077438e659e9d1517698a46e9e368da924130385bdc318e72e2109bcc29e3 +size 305624 diff --git a/images/education_english_00049.png b/images/education_english_00049.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b95bd8c3ed176fb1e14bb26e5699412375f6dc24 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00049.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6c56fca305fc4ab7261642db7dbe8ca490a528e989cc9951f5e770e8ac2ec3b7 +size 175500 diff --git a/images/education_english_00050.png b/images/education_english_00050.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b5c4515fca680921dfb7e73ddf58e7b00812e457 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00050.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1f3d20bb195a811c837682c23c510e28b765c4755d0cf9961c64c2195cb7e2ac +size 265491 diff --git a/images/education_english_00051.png b/images/education_english_00051.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d0b2f783cd68eb03a8bf4b5979cb02217e751245 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00051.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1c84ac1b1889100e58579aea3e94b6c3cd378081423622770c08f10f0dd85fd4 +size 313079 diff --git a/images/education_english_00052.png b/images/education_english_00052.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..431b11173ba8f5887540e0e0afbfa48f9119c3cc --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00052.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:91bf6b4fb3c24588fed3c2eccbd2262dec4d081ebff8ae90ac0fe488ca393510 +size 212938 diff --git a/images/education_english_00053.png b/images/education_english_00053.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9b0de20f7b2f2031d4124516b9fd6e7d76fc75bc --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00053.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6a5e2dc6234628d4d6414e15d6d3db19e6f2435f7b0ce438f3aa2484e50da777 +size 256139 diff --git a/images/education_english_00054.png b/images/education_english_00054.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2dad398b5a749996c2cef3adb1b64dc1b5bb5ab0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00054.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:23cba4d561685737357e44069db951aba8cca5b7e067a71698d67336e00202b6 +size 359077 diff --git a/images/education_english_00055.png b/images/education_english_00055.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d77100c14b64e32e09967fb0a7b25ed15d5136be --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00055.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9b071a399e165e08e46a997f2fab31f73b62ef70136f926aa30e3228becea1c8 +size 303376 diff --git a/images/education_english_00056.png b/images/education_english_00056.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1e0f52f2abad8d09814452990d6e17294bf263e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00056.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0e9332e6bf6d9c6810fd8febf1023f95913634b7c1d08ce541ae9fa44314ced0 +size 331880 diff --git a/images/education_english_00057.png b/images/education_english_00057.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..664e8cb8b7b50f6fd68e8617cd97859b18b57a54 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00057.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:86a944fc892e406d443144e5c9cdb94666437faa7a32b20f5b79394443b2d2c5 +size 198452 diff --git a/images/education_english_00058.png b/images/education_english_00058.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d2a7cabcc3d2d6dd08b4c97edfb8a66780ada4cf --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00058.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:86b9e54bf485272d11850c0169498b43aa9258c2bcb55960a86f400941b90b8a +size 269602 diff --git a/images/education_english_00059.png b/images/education_english_00059.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..308f937a1dbf3814fddaeffac4fbeba2d94cf964 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00059.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:11009db7e3f9d26a1d4879f4df469e96d7a11ab9ad0f3300a05c150defce846f +size 298521 diff --git a/images/education_english_00060.png b/images/education_english_00060.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2bdbcd4c23dba4ffcbb26a531a7bc9992c392611 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00060.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ad7bf0bf927f0d4327b0ec08d57a1b37f9aec6156737caed85b66b4f00d8960f +size 285185 diff --git a/images/education_english_00061.png b/images/education_english_00061.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ac56c0eedc4c391a4ec434503b9d72bca76d422a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00061.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:39e781f888cfde625601699cb3b9fe52f3ed0cc1e0a197c49e98dc7002149742 +size 202603 diff --git a/images/education_english_00062.png b/images/education_english_00062.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9b51876a3487d6cc8b01d40a02d21dd9955d874d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00062.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d2992e4ee3b0f27cdb566b0be4427099a2c53316a585c128dac23b2e02e5d99c +size 227293 diff --git a/images/education_english_00063.png b/images/education_english_00063.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a192ae9aebef286ee832439d859f4534982125da --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00063.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:09e1f3df97361fbae1f6cf6c93c2a59935d6ad61728328ef7dbd99c73cb67867 +size 258760 diff --git a/images/education_english_00064.png b/images/education_english_00064.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..10d4697e9cdeb48de786dc7b2d70d563373b7d2b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00064.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f20a20d23c830ec8ffd8fa6ad937e9475e27150ae7b781e129034926531ce786 +size 237624 diff --git a/images/education_english_00065.png b/images/education_english_00065.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..05d68534e0e93878aed9674f737a6a0444620987 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00065.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7c83e7b298804dfe4c6f81879f038589220685b820e0f3aa5c8b3a8505ff085e +size 290360 diff --git a/images/education_english_00066.png b/images/education_english_00066.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..300d4aefa9cfb335874442b3cc35f0a258278f61 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00066.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7591646965c61146bfb7f00561a787af54bc19b7754c53a9ec9ae0319ee0d22d +size 251043 diff --git a/images/education_english_00067.png b/images/education_english_00067.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1c2d46a5ab0af2f4d4ba4a10ea8450883201eba8 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00067.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fdcadf87232d97c3522d489d5bb361c6b2fa9e75d0be14b59befb19e7de8f6cb +size 361890 diff --git a/images/education_english_00068.png b/images/education_english_00068.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a9509a99655f86c268aafb0a07a2e0192cee2c55 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00068.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4c066a3dfba2996d8a1d1e97a8b40339d8e2248b0b75759b101b3ca0dc6e4293 +size 318186 diff --git a/images/education_english_00069.png b/images/education_english_00069.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4d5b61f1cb6148225f1bb38e8a386289e0c8bf51 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00069.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e2d63f9a0bb1f5a3f3c84e5a53443bb6e481257def704f601a7879b6f0c81e26 +size 361895 diff --git a/images/education_english_00070.png b/images/education_english_00070.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d451d97ed54cb6c8699e0e480fb383c45e4877d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00070.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:148c1235295548b6a727577b7847ae18fc94e03bb2aea501f3c30d2ad74d2d59 +size 255509 diff --git a/images/education_english_00071.png b/images/education_english_00071.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b46e826836b6ca7ad8c1c68813fc902ad7479970 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00071.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:02a2c6e4964d488d58fdc4c7fc162593da5c37ee91567d2c93267ac886e156fb +size 253324 diff --git a/images/education_english_00072.png b/images/education_english_00072.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ca4be4336ac29764d142f65ab54d83d8de6981de --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00072.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:527cb06e2463cb984e39bca6387e96c8a489bbc86d3c0b2050425410a5618efd +size 216654 diff --git a/images/education_english_00073.png b/images/education_english_00073.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ee5a4bc6d7043ecfec89efc6e6a59b94e6e345f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00073.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:da4108c9d9642a99a8df73950ba7bf99e856dd1e806e32622a2f19e580947b1f +size 259715 diff --git a/images/education_english_00074.png b/images/education_english_00074.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6779434b926d8ebcd0da2773e2c7795b730c3153 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00074.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5c1ae54031542fff4a895c50916244ca10e3ce326d6c2118ec54065f38eb8249 +size 200742 diff --git a/images/education_english_00075.png b/images/education_english_00075.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..250d1a1235105b8e0d205964afc5285608ce21be --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00075.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8c3bcb3dd335318dbe4e8da59c5afce497327aa69eb17ff537c47836dc1b841c +size 331836 diff --git a/images/education_english_00076.png b/images/education_english_00076.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a5a5f16f936cd6775ff7412c820ef1cdab7fa81f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00076.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:98549aa1f54a8e3191d1ff9aba0dc4dcb760349daef39181ec54b627815bd862 +size 200957 diff --git a/images/education_english_00077.png b/images/education_english_00077.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e2589cebae5200e1ceecd60ad42ddcad6f9e1084 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00077.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:40d5b17d95802d399ed2f05318b0324a57f968e613ebd6ebafa6e168c02da2d2 +size 368776 diff --git a/images/education_english_00078.png b/images/education_english_00078.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7718f83c9965dda2fd5c634edbe02eb1fcf53951 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00078.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e830b112c8470e35f7b516a8fd98648c7d9bb94d95512470ee90cdcb6e140c06 +size 284535 diff --git a/images/education_english_00079.png b/images/education_english_00079.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..654b5e139279f317e260420982a4f2ad8a86a3a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00079.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:aa0828f13aa7ab7ab0b8135da31d77d00ef3aafe90d71d6a88853ee306b6aa18 +size 306865 diff --git a/images/education_english_00080.png b/images/education_english_00080.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..903389ca911e46b4891d469b7014970beaa86313 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00080.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b1d3c3628d8898970bc3e265406b00bb79194d8c467b616119e3204cb95f65c5 +size 172999 diff --git a/images/education_english_00081.png b/images/education_english_00081.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..37890d41ec3080f8fb2bb9849896725c7c2aff83 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00081.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:aac332fb06602446de4739a5d3a5ba62dc765d0c7beba905c61248461e20cea7 +size 308607 diff --git a/images/education_english_00082.png b/images/education_english_00082.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7b7249745373e1aa102ec9df81e4c84f37fbd294 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00082.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a7595fad9497841c769182bc706e258fafa0896109e40c3e3715c95b61611912 +size 216489 diff --git a/images/education_english_00083.png b/images/education_english_00083.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..83f4dc4ce7c2a6238ed6ab4d0542d8031429648b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00083.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a0413def0d9b5da7141899e3c027a3ba4ea333f179c54b897f8e764f54f5e36e +size 297074 diff --git a/images/education_english_00084.png b/images/education_english_00084.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e97e730e0732608997039a026f9a96fd127dde1c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00084.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e0fca317a3ed692a6580908afd59355032200799a90d3256cf612c84ed264ac8 +size 245813 diff --git a/images/education_english_00085.png b/images/education_english_00085.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c26b3c5772081c09c404516730d58e0d336d72fb --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00085.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e1f95a523835f2620da70c8f53aad88accf5b95e4ff9e40bd3cdeafa8f96f8b0 +size 373444 diff --git a/images/education_english_00086.png b/images/education_english_00086.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..345e27247969e4a31780a6582a7344a83988525d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00086.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:df387da19696720c34d3d1402c58263ba7db9df082fbe24422300c57fda9c6fd +size 304194 diff --git a/images/education_english_00087.png b/images/education_english_00087.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..376b3a28c5d144ed3ddd975841f66db0c26c9444 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00087.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b719f6f014628a9937f8e09b1d66017f1b4b92517329cb42ba5ff03ba9c3a10c +size 292285 diff --git a/images/education_english_00088.png b/images/education_english_00088.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ddcfd01e6e97e5c9bbb1f17b89167ef7a097b361 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00088.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0e57ba9dcba7520a44cfd6a6edcadd06e99d31f1578e7e4f1cda7c95d341e341 +size 267906 diff --git a/images/education_english_00089.png b/images/education_english_00089.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..171edfebbd2693cc1bcb04fd561bebabbb14b7a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00089.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:30d6dd7e2592284938ef36ae2f92652726c9b1d4cb6934ed06afc9bce018a4dc +size 339652 diff --git a/images/education_english_00090.png b/images/education_english_00090.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b49d8ee7f916c4533f9db257c7401848893d727c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00090.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:553ca5ea45dc75d4e28822930bcf7215bb7facccaf1224c9cfe4d616440d7a3b +size 242175 diff --git a/images/education_english_00091.png b/images/education_english_00091.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..831e4f90871b19df0311de8a3d5fc2b486c0c27c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00091.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f732cffcca3f1955a1c48d5cf5563303b1236b369a10c35612e4c8eba7c3b9eb +size 441642 diff --git a/images/education_english_00092.png b/images/education_english_00092.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3de5e9d8ec983899bc7ac9010b1469c16f91a935 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00092.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3be7654c1017135e8143aed96f411ad42615bd052a23e18bcbc4f739b2288836 +size 415950 diff --git a/images/education_english_00093.png b/images/education_english_00093.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..86b32b4ec8d3e87a568ff9122d5ac16fe245a243 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00093.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9b18d8ad4012ee8bbfff01c7b25ee3eba0353196582a1fb4b0ef5a8437ef80c6 +size 7758422 diff --git a/images/education_english_00094.png b/images/education_english_00094.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b15eb4e480eb71ffa8c44b327a772bd750a53212 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00094.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b9ec73532f9d12027978b15e569be480686ac627470af08e75ec879f51e9a873 +size 60201 diff --git a/images/education_english_00095.png b/images/education_english_00095.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..81db8af4504df5a09003599aa60a06be9ed0a850 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00095.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7c098c9d1b140ac3ced472f0f35974c970fcf10ba8cafbf74a1f29a3dc418555 +size 60040 diff --git a/images/education_english_00096.png b/images/education_english_00096.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c2c1bd9fb0799237c0ba9c15b746bd5addc3e3fb --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00096.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d555c414aa32482d2349b1986d576f8e4c7db72e70f82761eefe067ce5288b01 +size 284359 diff --git a/images/education_english_00097.png b/images/education_english_00097.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1511da9b81d2d7086220ef6c171f19b1bcc3d43b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00097.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2112b1eb773a22225318f6efb24711643557682a121fb4b963bb27c1924965e1 +size 629736 diff --git a/images/education_english_00098.png b/images/education_english_00098.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..612d128e313ca877a9b6a1d7c54cdf1d7d4b9983 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00098.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:23ec031f373bef5881dbad554b0464964a5d7ab2186347f3b47c69113bd53dec +size 876044 diff --git a/images/education_english_00099.png b/images/education_english_00099.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f26770759962687b68a08ae67ccfbb7669de45b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00099.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f617bdefa05f5736d4941ff27f9722a07ebc7ffeea2f660823044906036e1c20 +size 749043 diff --git a/images/education_english_00100.png b/images/education_english_00100.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..82948cb6c7eacace9d557ccbe995e0cb4365ca28 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_english_00100.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3b24f23b0c3cf42765e9dc89d8d4bae05889e1e842f1dd5f064e73caaefd600b +size 516337 diff --git a/images/education_math_00001.png b/images/education_math_00001.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f3763186cd64e55d91619289c105ff7395e91f8e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00001.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0a3f77e44eb10f53d3e4a02d95fce85ea466a9e833d5c9d63a3617268de9b140 +size 1524185 diff --git a/images/education_math_00002.png b/images/education_math_00002.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ba51d3b096123fb30235ce8ff02e95271fd87afe --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00002.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ab744ee39f9b8a722994af6cf84f4093cee9dec6b82dfd54490e95361de5a61a +size 816823 diff --git a/images/education_math_00003.png b/images/education_math_00003.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bed23fdb274f911891295988d5ce228e34edaa18 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00003.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b022be683e5a9af37c4eeaf807ed18a463716afa78ed5daf4eefb6f20b4b85d3 +size 1842476 diff --git a/images/education_math_00004.png b/images/education_math_00004.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fa13fc9e47c41808d31e45ef5ff74b350a73b236 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00004.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f00d35f59abc1a01d89ce7dbe486c21ba1633ca330b28dd410ed83130f65bc71 +size 1869957 diff --git a/images/education_math_00005.png b/images/education_math_00005.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e323840ea8c8df4dcd55997b435adea7d0a5efd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00005.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7febf837aa3ed9b3fb420f3d512584bf137584465c550482e95fcddbf6823678 +size 1154981 diff --git a/images/education_math_00006.png b/images/education_math_00006.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b05ccf4fc4ebcaabf6b0dfd333382faf755d76dc --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00006.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:faf670baeb190d61d6fe004bebb284d9b0663eacb87c626934fb8fc177ed37bf +size 1023593 diff --git a/images/education_math_00007.png b/images/education_math_00007.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e6970acd3eb59990153cc30020a02e30d65b65db --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00007.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c34600ab4dc1ffb2e38347a4d365cf8c92e85d82baeecb9d09d7f57a9a6f7803 +size 1183922 diff --git a/images/education_math_00008.png b/images/education_math_00008.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2761d257d0238a5c7f2859d650b5cb3103c25db4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00008.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:27e1ae67f15779d72c92e77ed2387f80188ac6e3f97062f07d02929645ff733f +size 569010 diff --git a/images/education_math_00009.png b/images/education_math_00009.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a450f53489daeccc9d43bec39f6e9085a98be886 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00009.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:cc8ada43eedaf8e97e43c4c4d8cf186a1bdabf5d6a579b2f08e899c203ba6e6d +size 569816 diff --git a/images/education_math_00010.png b/images/education_math_00010.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..06b7273d4ed3727450fbce62dd7ff335b58de3f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00010.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5e1d09e09d467aa5b606242de3fe33fe666610912af7cf02c7843405deeb63c0 +size 653513 diff --git a/images/education_math_00011.png b/images/education_math_00011.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8d00218066951905e3b6dbb8e55395a4d522692c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00011.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:07066537f898bcfc549eb4894060c3f5fe6701e1c649e08368324113d138cdae +size 543263 diff --git a/images/education_math_00012.png b/images/education_math_00012.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6617c3b4ed723ce893a1845b484b64fb7226a1cc --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00012.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e265e98e43a5e5f4541b919bba48424d23b89b9a20da3efc3a4201d86fc78263 +size 829247 diff --git a/images/education_math_00013.png b/images/education_math_00013.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6a332fa7ac6cce358586f27653bf794ce5df6e93 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00013.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2bc5a87b5f60ec3661829545d5ab5babb46a98049eaefa13f6d2508cba06e408 +size 454724 diff --git a/images/education_math_00014.png b/images/education_math_00014.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..58fb070e9186ff379f7f0712f65e9edf9573fc4b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00014.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0abe3cf22d8f0d40e8ed6fdc0893fb7175922afbdaf3f3622fec13bc043833f1 +size 468305 diff --git a/images/education_math_00015.png b/images/education_math_00015.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..262db3f02e9fa3b11b2350faec47d9139724d505 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00015.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c45d4862ea4ffa5effd6b3bc56d8b352c15c30827ec1fddfa5236cc44c6ea470 +size 632385 diff --git a/images/education_math_00016.png b/images/education_math_00016.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..85c267497e64f9c00bfa8cc84a0b7c2e682ec6bf --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00016.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e7608355aae8d08b3dcab5ea17e2856faac0814f3af6250660c044a392d1e774 +size 383818 diff --git a/images/education_math_00017.png b/images/education_math_00017.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cc57af8303b518489307a1cc1f5320a4dab14e31 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00017.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:12317895a779b04562f7ae1a7cdba097aef8bb7c96ee4cfd6eab32062acb8930 +size 684599 diff --git a/images/education_math_00018.png b/images/education_math_00018.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d5c8250fbdee5c207c39e1b6588fc14c2c4c8e25 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00018.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fb720d9609254a5c27d0367c1899c5494c3d8ee3335da9c006a9b7e4e623999a +size 630845 diff --git a/images/education_math_00019.png b/images/education_math_00019.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f220aba091acd3bef35ef9c4db8ee337640e338a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00019.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a2eed3c409332601e2237024052e4bdd761cbf8e24164c7ac960535a9645248f +size 562904 diff --git a/images/education_math_00020.png b/images/education_math_00020.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8e0584afdbd6a3effa9fa95bdda272ab8b348352 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00020.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:03303ee3041935acc1602bd4559f699f5a42bea9ba223f48f0ec5e55e5bff516 +size 199555 diff --git a/images/education_math_00021.png b/images/education_math_00021.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ecb382901a46549e83aefb268674748df8a42445 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00021.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:48f0bb4e1577fb060e8ea640a2e14437e8e77de6220aa7f7a3dcba28892e906d +size 668223 diff --git a/images/education_math_00022.png b/images/education_math_00022.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0ca69078d033a0f16e93a6470e18e20bbe54fa80 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00022.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:12d041f6275c86cb6a2aa24a272592bcbeb7aee47d32f7383124a46f86d9774a +size 653353 diff --git a/images/education_math_00023.png b/images/education_math_00023.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ab43648f51ddf910bf580b1761d4bbc7bb95063b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00023.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:938a1c0d5a4da8673db226bd5e8b4781e236678820b1b482a94ad17463710a5f +size 523606 diff --git a/images/education_math_00024.png b/images/education_math_00024.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..24485033d9cd58dc29e2de908aeaac842632cc7f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00024.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:11aa42ba9412eb6d9fdc9d7eb451f57869e0d810f20b686cdb614188533a410e +size 401227 diff --git a/images/education_math_00025.png b/images/education_math_00025.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6efb561db303f226e40f75f2da33764faaea07ee --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00025.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:94b530639de75823f56c8c71a2a186633ef32663e6f0d660d575205685f02599 +size 309972 diff --git a/images/education_math_00026.png b/images/education_math_00026.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bcb54aa3b19e77f647c5cc5024f2dcee57263453 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00026.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1ad131ed5d13d09914741d2679a553c8927213ba52e99d89b110404049e9172b +size 259332 diff --git a/images/education_math_00027.png b/images/education_math_00027.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5f556b25f013736f293cdcf269de2b1ce2290643 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00027.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4040884dfc67d1ea9e95127b62b05e97fbaf68e1ee3085745b06a98b0ce23825 +size 481787 diff --git a/images/education_math_00028.png b/images/education_math_00028.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7e21ab69a27e71d92371e2899f62423bf4aeb250 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00028.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1f99fb599f8212213a5f6459729c3030d186c39ef3be010de88c628d7ca596b7 +size 112598 diff --git a/images/education_math_00029.png b/images/education_math_00029.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..859bff5e8e62fca2f4afc2f590c2c5285a1cd23c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00029.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:841e949ce8f246c0884cd0d1fa6102304fdddef4ef3ccecb6a391b194b5f759d +size 226476 diff --git a/images/education_math_00030.png b/images/education_math_00030.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e98f5ae5e6e043b0760e18da5919ca89eddc52bf --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00030.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:16e3a517275183f15e7c5ab19ab047ac07b3d303cbbd89fdae3fba85caec2008 +size 1090088 diff --git a/images/education_math_00031.png b/images/education_math_00031.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..78cf01f6fb225588d674e1f8c578210f58af3952 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00031.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:dde7a830bca2ceb7438855208a36ec4fe63d5d399e8d02c239b51be593a3a557 +size 677586 diff --git a/images/education_math_00032.png b/images/education_math_00032.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..169c82829fb60a148e32e79f76716da601c01574 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00032.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ac40a340e56c98df2a46af34ec5bfdf87a8b51402be33860b0fdd28c4f0060d6 +size 86233 diff --git a/images/education_math_00033.png b/images/education_math_00033.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a1dd2f30971988842153f554dc45f8b37dea8c79 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00033.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8ccc82361ebb536c68ea52c6fc5621e3f6b4791fb8dd0e70273b65911437f95c +size 89424 diff --git a/images/education_math_00034.png b/images/education_math_00034.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2b68c0ada27706f7d441d6c96374e76a24bfedac --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00034.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9ac5753029d94a39e970917ee594af889fff9ead318d62349d5fca21112046b0 +size 88735 diff --git a/images/education_math_00035.png b/images/education_math_00035.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6b28d247f7b2937db7f26f487649065586bc2513 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00035.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:19735960d79aaf16f903c164d0965b19c6dc246db1c75c00b309dbb6f5f34b31 +size 23800 diff --git a/images/education_math_00036.png b/images/education_math_00036.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f1bad63803e116803d18c76ac0d974308c1b6fe2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00036.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:23cd1cedc1a80c6bd183831cc62a100c65e7aba523c4fe4a7fa3ee5f90131cf9 +size 75593 diff --git a/images/education_math_00037.png b/images/education_math_00037.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..63fb626d5d4471753ea4059c515ff359da0e671f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00037.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:118615f126045dc0df830b9269d07653284b6092aaae181204a0b7667e6f5d5e +size 93470 diff --git a/images/education_math_00038.png b/images/education_math_00038.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b75e0267f46971e917d75f3b97000635a415b42e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00038.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e143470cfe6e9a1f0e51b5b543e2ec47b52c170bac2c50d288ab53e5ff9aebd8 +size 86504 diff --git a/images/education_math_00039.png b/images/education_math_00039.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..97497acb4ee8f5ed86fe5936ca69fa2469afd16b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00039.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b465ab6f4b4bd30769fcccc299ff39113ece099de2ad17c53d1194b941efd62a +size 86476 diff --git a/images/education_math_00040.png b/images/education_math_00040.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..61628d6e3d598f4a63646818f369ad40294f718e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00040.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:69213b896d5a6386f160b8f27635d3f8e53cad000c69787860ab64e78b1886ec +size 76334 diff --git a/images/education_math_00041.png b/images/education_math_00041.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..403b3b850fe1e7d3a84b6a989f7bebab5b78efb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00041.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6b1a7af221f077b78f2efaade886f1cc4cab961d1a956ace94fb5ae7dad6c95f +size 122378 diff --git a/images/education_math_00042.png b/images/education_math_00042.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3bf7fc6676d3b39dd4c81272dd82d13309c892be --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00042.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:14133931ab4ab8c93acf86b567c505675f51adac3106129fd1d5c9e94530f124 +size 60362 diff --git a/images/education_math_00043.png b/images/education_math_00043.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8c7c1f1d18b93a662899a2577489b49ea8b9cf09 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00043.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4b835c6840b686d1b3c7c79aeef6aed8ea4f9c757d185ed5e359bfcd0624f52e +size 71023 diff --git a/images/education_math_00044.png b/images/education_math_00044.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5512a0bf710b3d93b9d02deb4dc6e5d9cb720b79 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00044.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c6d4ad188865ecf005f292b0344784ddf39ea30799e0302c5432ee1e967ead3e +size 133006 diff --git a/images/education_math_00045.png b/images/education_math_00045.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f7c15c8bef5738899436af541fd7521bc6563af1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00045.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d0f6b67e9c1b53a4b5bc00488c513ef214a38bedaee225bc3fbc572a097a5939 +size 32154 diff --git a/images/education_math_00046.png b/images/education_math_00046.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99181c5f2f602bc31457be84355a711698c0e815 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00046.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f33814c5ff9f9d193d3de8d8a662187849f112f8b97dd77c43c34aea039127ee +size 63762 diff --git a/images/education_math_00047.png b/images/education_math_00047.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7aa176dd61fd6b40c88f52502cfb869d1a4ce958 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00047.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4f5529d7e771635686a046444d2a7e1cff0612e5a690fb382a13f1a53509b2a1 +size 74453 diff --git a/images/education_math_00048.png b/images/education_math_00048.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0c65d4842d943e04398727bdbcadaf8253378561 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00048.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c4937389289c4c9657a20d447411c3973202b15ee6dd6a93d12df3ab1e7ea172 +size 80028 diff --git a/images/education_math_00049.png b/images/education_math_00049.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c878bd53889a06afb15b3b0a025157264ab148f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00049.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:05b31d28d539fe1beded91f352464c3e4db3b23dea9d2b95304610882d845e42 +size 46917 diff --git a/images/education_math_00050.png b/images/education_math_00050.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..619dc77fff7a90de793b502475859b221e28ffff --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00050.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b700d83d83a326a62b4ccd6c23fc1a48704ac78655b374c67d5e05806d081376 +size 41878 diff --git a/images/education_math_00051.png b/images/education_math_00051.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..170061c3a08e5c04a1674ed8d770f83bff309a35 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00051.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:84531684f8b061133d5bd3b5a244c5def04b1bc2c5aa8456dc95ee964233f964 +size 77981 diff --git a/images/education_math_00052.png b/images/education_math_00052.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ede981edba9110ddf4130f8b974f38d9f4beb6ff --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00052.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2ed3969c881e9561deb75e80ed8d1b3dfd0b35fd5f0376855c33ab4a94ef29d0 +size 73841 diff --git a/images/education_math_00053.png b/images/education_math_00053.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..507742dc82ed527abd726976a18a28c7752bc0d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00053.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:48e72897136ba601932effafe1866ce7e585fac52bf4356ee2c2fe62b918f9a1 +size 146740 diff --git a/images/education_math_00054.png b/images/education_math_00054.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..41f9ec4bc0338361c59d95a262e1a380b6ac391e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00054.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e47439ee19d33d44fface779d0d56406419672b060c88d0f5a5412d629e12b26 +size 87034 diff --git a/images/education_math_00055.png b/images/education_math_00055.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1296d72f1038058ca1037540b9b8d0aec39e5370 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00055.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2c99e6bbc8bbe7f2df338ad574235bf13afcfcfadce326a83f7ccb0c09d527ae +size 50574 diff --git a/images/education_math_00056.png b/images/education_math_00056.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1c1c4a9a7960ba08e68d340dabbf6b94a2dcc2cd --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00056.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:134da697d65c106692cbc053a35db26d9aa317fead881e18af30e631f1226d9b +size 70927 diff --git a/images/education_math_00057.png b/images/education_math_00057.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..01b167233866034c20140cb54db1aa7a73ec1da7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00057.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e8c76ec971f8d0654839581101f025369896f67a73c8e9078b53ede5499296c7 +size 60819 diff --git a/images/education_math_00058.png b/images/education_math_00058.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..40407f6868079f6b845dbf63dc64c9640c63aa1b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00058.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:20ea61ff12dc42e725a4740e03e8921f24da2b800dd842366f7345c6612ec980 +size 64520 diff --git a/images/education_math_00059.png b/images/education_math_00059.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f438bec3214596b7af34b6d3f89ab57ec6d6253e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00059.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:52bfea0d983957e4db1f3e66ea53579c7bc85d51f4547f566d2e5385bf05e32a +size 85393 diff --git a/images/education_math_00060.png b/images/education_math_00060.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..55658cf22e4837a578a6ccfa9ff3115e97e44ca1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00060.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:481151a836a8cfb8589942097aea5b5766a4755839545d3dbf279a054f7b3f2e +size 80797 diff --git a/images/education_math_00061.png b/images/education_math_00061.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9b227b2927b071f22155683f6699d884c29d4c45 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00061.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:cbb537395720cda309211c18c76522125919e74d2ba731b425daada254b890a0 +size 80858 diff --git a/images/education_math_00062.png b/images/education_math_00062.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..db910c28eb4630dd3d1dd9fdfd3ecd6a84469806 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00062.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3f54bb34d791b684ed6f5633fc2d4c384f9cf4fedf9b828d0163cb5f01e08ccd +size 602676 diff --git a/images/education_math_00063.png b/images/education_math_00063.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0f929e3a1ba611085106c2d7ebb879d2ebd47cd4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00063.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:43f4c6cef3977b463e608237575d206b7746161d23a1f1adad77346877ad5607 +size 796845 diff --git a/images/education_math_00064.png b/images/education_math_00064.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..68f1385c96411f25610c41c5b8b7cafb81de3b81 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00064.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7197e18038d334665febcacd961fc5e06bcb0998f03e6617a767b858416401d8 +size 470727 diff --git a/images/education_math_00065.png b/images/education_math_00065.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..07177b1853d55e815f3f3b98fd781819a8756999 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00065.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fc7eb29f60016eb20cb94696e37476e8d6e6b9820d504fc9e96e9a840ab48dc0 +size 607936 diff --git a/images/education_math_00066.png b/images/education_math_00066.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ee2bfa8d3b30cc04f9990b2674a95b63b9c6905a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00066.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:382db4932e425ec1cf929d27ae75b7c2024ddb3e90898dd6cb48698047010707 +size 600548 diff --git a/images/education_math_00067.png b/images/education_math_00067.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cfdb49a67f6e4e073b750423500086cb09366cc5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00067.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5cc165381691ae98f9aec32cb14e07e9a88ea6ce7f4c8538926b1fb4fef174ec +size 741108 diff --git a/images/education_math_00068.png b/images/education_math_00068.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..165e4d31b16faf932c02afd166ff1ee51b28a23e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00068.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:125985940eb4421d514172e616010973b306a92ff5585defe21c45a4093a1dc8 +size 597137 diff --git a/images/education_math_00069.png b/images/education_math_00069.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e0b35d735bec1848fb984d4f22b8e5983950cf39 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00069.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9abb91715e898355c76271fa0e92ab2551cb71f880d2a76e4e9f77c2f2127108 +size 671233 diff --git a/images/education_math_00070.png b/images/education_math_00070.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..35cc7a24c3ec2580caba8b9f8f22a3ce5893411b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00070.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6f4857cdf886f30dbffe295105d2dffaaa4a4f11ed34668c7048e3d67e08c45c +size 575488 diff --git a/images/education_math_00071.png b/images/education_math_00071.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d087cd3df1e8b368e1e3643ad3ead2b44c71552d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00071.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:deb0122e11320336aadb427dae462ea6ac298b92a2d7fe625dbece0c0b86d936 +size 181180 diff --git a/images/education_math_00072.png b/images/education_math_00072.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0fe692955d09a88a1ed88e01b244140133d32c79 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00072.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8c5b5111c38bb3656093ed91fb7f1ef7e40ac1f444bfc0fd1b5c313b2416da2c +size 452104 diff --git a/images/education_math_00073.png b/images/education_math_00073.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e713bdc505b671a9e6fae714fa3db3b83965cdba --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00073.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:afd6825b389556d34a325ba7fdac7110d874133f0d7f0c91027d3b9ea118dce8 +size 668246 diff --git a/images/education_math_00074.png b/images/education_math_00074.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..257b041137066bba6dd83bc2b1c1efedc439125a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00074.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6d881dbed945b3883dff7f75a95a29465bc3c1b8b3fff880fdcb8b02fda04c36 +size 310036 diff --git a/images/education_math_00075.png b/images/education_math_00075.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f2795cc1d12f9843ad4ff2df80496dd33798b946 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00075.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ce7e8a4c3ebf6c6113cb138844222051f809238090e7a50293bda1451f894f16 +size 890332 diff --git a/images/education_math_00076.png b/images/education_math_00076.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..77ce1f2595ee46d3a469dcb17b3ecf9eaef8b459 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00076.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1290c7c1f6a62844c08131fcdb8b8d4972a7a2766bfc8d69d01421d6d863b158 +size 408352 diff --git a/images/education_math_00077.png b/images/education_math_00077.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9fa1cbd6066f01b931763cccad0b2803a8f50d4d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00077.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:cd73c6670f3973297d1f1b2abb27c17fe085799695dd5d784fe7f12030daeb38 +size 112737 diff --git a/images/education_math_00078.png b/images/education_math_00078.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..922497f0c24536019decd9a5acf3b453a63d3716 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00078.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9e4cd99e2c25fc8841cc4b96d8b38ac398131dd0e253c2534449814f9afe880e +size 126118 diff --git a/images/education_math_00079.png b/images/education_math_00079.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..da581222c89d7195b1ac9146b1ecbfb7c599925f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00079.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8058c2ec3ba9deed1feca9e86c4ae77a1d1715315a0c6e886531879e80ca36b7 +size 106981 diff --git a/images/education_math_00080.png b/images/education_math_00080.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0724d705f4b5dd064e04d1c2fd1070b825c38b71 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00080.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:dffebb5b2cf07d719ad27880f2ba4b8554f862855b1c21fb239da896f09ad885 +size 125530 diff --git a/images/education_math_00081.png b/images/education_math_00081.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..07e5af395395ade3857b4e3b4e9a9f3584156079 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00081.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:af57a522fbf223b9dd7c2f9e3f072311670be9c2437c03eeba0a018a7760c62d +size 122422 diff --git a/images/education_math_00082.png b/images/education_math_00082.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..efb8d33cd5c8e1fe9a8b7f208a55d4834b6e31a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00082.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fab7fe29972285615d19a5a6f7d8013596542b827d917029d581e3e1bb74864e +size 169036 diff --git a/images/education_math_00083.png b/images/education_math_00083.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cb840c16fcaba3a09c4f4092addd575201837b4e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00083.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4a62164be2e770e36e5cdf97b8fb0ac12bca60d834b82a75f5b70401dd96644c +size 146174 diff --git a/images/education_math_00084.png b/images/education_math_00084.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2b5994b20c72e3f1e24eade9c45574e80ee87858 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00084.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d6529e159f608af3e86de97356d6611a441c5901ac4f948c11dcb6a1a5412084 +size 130767 diff --git a/images/education_math_00085.png b/images/education_math_00085.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b536b24b8e6a4ddcd68c10194bb39d81b24e9871 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00085.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f82376ab815f2061ea5f5ed35b2cbab0ffdd135c6c94198fa1a9c1b925f43a02 +size 754072 diff --git a/images/education_math_00086.png b/images/education_math_00086.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..39903e871b3e3643d6ed498d4289552dbbaa5892 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00086.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ea8147348e35c4c3611114d4580cae09bbe8390afab30e4595f1f0aff661474f +size 848402 diff --git a/images/education_math_00087.png b/images/education_math_00087.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1d13ad480710ba0ece412cfe79685dae96842001 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00087.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b1f880a9ff1afff37de4556f320d35f47caaa45c299ddb1a2dc26767d96098b4 +size 520722 diff --git a/images/education_math_00088.png b/images/education_math_00088.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f04532df3f5bde8ab95b9dde789a93cf0aac3740 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00088.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9024ce2e3118d31c7a78514734cd61b8a86d964144a5fe745373ecff6e8fc667 +size 530541 diff --git a/images/education_math_00089.png b/images/education_math_00089.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ff6a3ea013b62264d4a5a1a6e707dfa9e130eeed --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00089.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:894caeca7c9acf712e6f2ca11f45f43011d341f7c4b4761e33846612f73b6d3d +size 1108000 diff --git a/images/education_math_00090.png b/images/education_math_00090.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..81600e84a9e76a87e4d3fc2b2877fead7d0be23a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00090.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a46603cd52eaa27fc8d4690ec0ae97aeff66d2e00936c4097dcfec2a0cddefeb +size 522525 diff --git a/images/education_math_00091.png b/images/education_math_00091.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c1fbcd662047905824de80cf17fffe11764ae740 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00091.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d7e7e058018efaea3168207bd4536c8fc37f34a3c8ecf888ae71e11eb47f59c3 +size 905848 diff --git a/images/education_math_00092.png b/images/education_math_00092.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0628dce2d5da03ca4f186496e453962b33f139f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00092.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:20501cc954fa7f483a6a0f0b2a0bdd5d338774a88eea4f0e6ab6a185c829bc72 +size 720599 diff --git a/images/education_math_00093.png b/images/education_math_00093.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d5aca5806f8ebb637f61bf9bd08830554bfdeed9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00093.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a15062612e5a2b454c6f5f19d53552dfc0bead819bada3c31310433798bbe84b +size 403094 diff --git a/images/education_math_00094.png b/images/education_math_00094.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9cb36c507d136d43a62870a6a9bb8194c1d69eec --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00094.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:51cb9521ad898a0d41ecbabe491de9d0a7c8b4d6a022c105e3cc044b2abfa206 +size 499075 diff --git a/images/education_math_00095.png b/images/education_math_00095.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1a9f74130b01ab30cafb7fc73d20fb290e8b9896 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00095.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a8d3744d38a42c7cb9fa0ad57b5e60fe5b28c0972b4aa9e4f9b27dc693929d1a +size 525026 diff --git a/images/education_math_00096.png b/images/education_math_00096.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7f2fae910d286198b0ee39136c69dc6f9ae71ab7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00096.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f87f63e23a85efc7064336e93cc88e09085df720996a0663782ae2b8dd440f49 +size 700797 diff --git a/images/education_math_00097.png b/images/education_math_00097.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c3cf52cb195315a54ab4f464ffbc24cf4baea7dd --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_math_00097.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fe5eeab07a69bfedb583240f5bed2cb028b98226219d068accb7785b0c63b543 +size 24340 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00001.jpg b/images/education_scanned_00001.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5bc4ef4f428259c9bca381500ee80da408a8380a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00001.jpg @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:562610ed9ca06c5fa469e41ddc6cc9fefd33605752236e20dbe6f1331cb5d6ce +size 67286 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00002.png b/images/education_scanned_00002.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fdef2f2ab9e431f114ef19c9b1eeeac08e15c349 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00002.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a723c85fdb4c8dea4f4cf07ec75e07337926904e21080fa88d4d2027a724a97f +size 315884 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00003.png b/images/education_scanned_00003.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..54a2630b20325c81d308a44a959e2305857880e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00003.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9f32f88b7495a7995a19bd9c8ff215ac7b29f63ea7c8b353848dd59dd2649ea8 +size 606075 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00004.png b/images/education_scanned_00004.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..50fbb67979d4d31c12901b506ea73744c54fdce7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00004.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:58428add58c2b3865bba55033dcd5c5ffa6c6eb8b74c97ad995b892cf0610ad0 +size 56347 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00005.png b/images/education_scanned_00005.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b08f785b1739b79cd7cd5db72c8d7907274566b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00005.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:370c53c3dcc65804d1edb27b8dbe329d02502c4991b69cbb3625f9bcfaf6f2ee +size 261254 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00006.png b/images/education_scanned_00006.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ed5c756b47c5aa2475536cef5ba35a713dd4ba1d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00006.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4763430db480b2c6f423026b35133c5fe74daca68bdb363df95ae116b23f7a02 +size 571283 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00007.png b/images/education_scanned_00007.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4e47d7f635787f1df81af6a341de3b9d4453db03 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00007.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6d532120ef79415f7646f16a31de724419de96faf45699a4578e6345d50a4a34 +size 70228 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00008.png b/images/education_scanned_00008.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..346ca64270302dbca7053dad9cb272a45e4187e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00008.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a03461ba4d341ccdc7cde9e53e98eeb844847c400b80cbf587ebae04252fb1fc +size 655340 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00009.png b/images/education_scanned_00009.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e8210df5ff8e9015f694c81b053a699374ecbc7e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00009.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:de8d8293b91871126900ee4d96d8e2f6c86631fc4f377ca0b760179b35b85416 +size 72188 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00010.png b/images/education_scanned_00010.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1e624b918d648387c60ac2207072b93c004a4e3a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00010.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7c7204e4786743c3267ba1dd8b1d2e6557b192d91e4837cf3adce52f7439ebac +size 59792 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00011.png b/images/education_scanned_00011.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f206cb924f582dd46df5e422fe8034a1f9b7b83c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00011.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8d14ce2344d34b9824a05da66814c6b58b2df1b2bc5cff8ee75ea7328dbe0990 +size 61589 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00012.png b/images/education_scanned_00012.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..96f260971a7397f2e7b2fd181335ead6cb3e7e6f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00012.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f9203f386e9ab457e2f14b3db853c3da291961c48b26746dde6689c16bbf9eb9 +size 65252 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00013.png b/images/education_scanned_00013.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d93096282ba2b335f379120c78a64b674cd045f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00013.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2a70d1311b16d9f103c736a7752cbf5ce1b9689f70242e93dd45e05be98deebd +size 325818 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00014.png b/images/education_scanned_00014.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f91b14668cd5384b6910205575aa79b206f80f9b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00014.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3291b4499b3d0faac1e6f6b98d3d13dc01686b29af3c1af8d636921a4e776169 +size 532243 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00015.png b/images/education_scanned_00015.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..41feae2c17bc3a5211a6f33414351dee4fed100a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00015.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b97455019d7f482d53062b5f04b3f23c6e2f4db6e1c096310b8ebc6d6b152fc3 +size 48760 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00016.png b/images/education_scanned_00016.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..740e99ffd51c5ad53a99ed86e2b5c090976153c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00016.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ea8a3497b638e5c6c5024dfa0036a5a41ba30605e8054c4accc03d9ee51e69b8 +size 47634 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00017.png b/images/education_scanned_00017.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..676c3562a5df3beeec97abc51aebcb080cef3119 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00017.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7ddfa9e1b5c573b95a7c1c78b1259850ee992347ee4d38e028f198af74f07203 +size 40768 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00018.png b/images/education_scanned_00018.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99e1d67dc06d32baf94f8f0ab50c240c2e95e45f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00018.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4a1d6afcf61fc93bebc01f06e3c241fad063e8039109d03888a146e7d96db706 +size 135381 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00019.png b/images/education_scanned_00019.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..08591d7bd04e0d322cab0893ce20ff2ad1112f72 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00019.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ac1bd961f4abce92799aaa0a7c9fa46d024068748995a4f3943e597ad5e05eb0 +size 222975 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00020.png b/images/education_scanned_00020.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..48e0b88ed68d1e9015c14c289100d1aee07eaed0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00020.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:33a36e17950c856765a15f70e65f3d23f27507d2e6aff972d70758f84556f434 +size 275061 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00021.png b/images/education_scanned_00021.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b333b7b0f305bfba625b5d7dec32d1e58e4ed437 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00021.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:408a85ee93e3671bb0c5a0248f110268e805a3d9e915bd76f18a067b4ac1a209 +size 140456 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00022.png b/images/education_scanned_00022.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d49e20e7f4c811951a88bfc1903a03a7b9dc2fd2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00022.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:82ed724284b65008e19b06f02a0e8836b84d963e700f851091acd355d2091c5b +size 294682 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00023.png b/images/education_scanned_00023.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bc1106fedb747205b9473be3750964d64085b113 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00023.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:109f57747aa4dbf2504df0da3bb78310038d71989c315a6959e0eb7faea7c4ae +size 127867 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00024.png b/images/education_scanned_00024.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4d0e9c5b3aac17d4725f6c7d02f793155bb35fd3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00024.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d501237e2b7aa74edac861c9ae68941f4939f5ad63a03870d8123135e5675f55 +size 95600 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00025.png b/images/education_scanned_00025.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..61f80d196af50cfca12f4309d5ebfcb55c35869a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00025.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:da4978eeb288abe6ff3a6f0a16af4887b2964a2e24fb32564a2c20a3213a0153 +size 70295 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00026.png b/images/education_scanned_00026.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b30823de17dea7283d170389042e58e9c4280a96 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00026.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8c8f967231d07f5544ab8c525dd2864b09e14380aad8c2eef9b24cf530b4d4f3 +size 205058 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00027.png b/images/education_scanned_00027.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7a85faa56fb26b04d3e255651fe46eaf52b60bf0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00027.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0d542729d5a1b1630c3d8ffec90386abecbc4c6b09dfd28d71e1478005868866 +size 209344 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00028.png b/images/education_scanned_00028.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0e3312ec29612e12b07d0552adb17de868eab38b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00028.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:08b29246ac6470abc64e882e7e9aa4948ef5647d42baa02e817b474b1adf7328 +size 70001 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00029.png b/images/education_scanned_00029.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d5959f1fb16be60093b17062066e092bdd59bfe0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00029.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a029accc3276b87c68335d4447d9714affc671fdbfc3c7bd564cef46f15ab231 +size 123583 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00030.png b/images/education_scanned_00030.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0dd66471ee6d64f110fae4e72f73453aa350767e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00030.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8be9d36c357d21698890a5e43788afb79b2b594c86daf38805677c66bddac097 +size 98937 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00031.png b/images/education_scanned_00031.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9dbf606f117bbc9fa7f2dd9a0d0b583f85b2064f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00031.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:96ca5420a7b04c68d4c47f6d879f9c34edbaec4bda5e5950bc67814fa0181c62 +size 63768 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00032.png b/images/education_scanned_00032.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b1c0dffa80eba11eedd7f1831533db523b74e3dc --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00032.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3e4524e11224631f6c486fea55206fc405eee7d26735d268127e237d4f79cd95 +size 454177 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00033.png b/images/education_scanned_00033.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..16e44f70d741e9dc5900746d7bb01201aeab2158 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00033.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:951e5dc64cc2d8de9c2a5495853867c5376918cd4862e925ca2738f5fcd30e5b +size 615228 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00034.png b/images/education_scanned_00034.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..af60194d16bf7b456dee2af4f39c2a3b85c59379 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00034.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9cda6c0b88c5df6cd72493bca8ea6682538c32717c8abe2a3d0308a7809a2198 +size 76665 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00035.png b/images/education_scanned_00035.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2cf98aa4436f6d77c6ea86afd3cb731399d258af --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00035.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2dfe836359809afed4916c6d4cb6537102473eb4a8e49ef761642b581c58a387 +size 271555 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00036.png b/images/education_scanned_00036.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..03288cbfd278f4426275768fdd47dc6ecf48ca79 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00036.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7d05c12f3684ecc97ec3dc1b8121dabb7c5f6250fcc71c98f76d1e99e18435d7 +size 162808 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00037.png b/images/education_scanned_00037.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e009ff31d40568a8ea48866407d8f2d735e87f17 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00037.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:998921a3f701dfe9d92d5d4f5a37a2399524d6e89e71b33145004bb817e30d00 +size 65616 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00038.png b/images/education_scanned_00038.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4cf28cc5e43bb5832c8af60146c17ee76a961c74 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00038.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6d785e8c2806390488c59de5453f286b1af3e53c417e0ff30436010c690a57c6 +size 99188 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00039.png b/images/education_scanned_00039.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..15b0fe96c1e47f2ea6cdb3fa5cbfa21761da497a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00039.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0f4360bfcd4c9f3955ea7240adb44ee09d1848573bd6b82ca463d4f206b30df3 +size 146850 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00040.png b/images/education_scanned_00040.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..61f0c367e84aa178946e60ca44c8a6800033814a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00040.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7d6ea3b290687c88d640ea252ec0857b6be3b735034f6675cdcabf01d04daacf +size 571871 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00041.png b/images/education_scanned_00041.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3df4db042bc8cf8edf40a889f646004c37c205fc --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00041.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e3dcfc482017f6ca7a2b75160c801b971dbc0caf631a32911cd408be40fa3574 +size 261652 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00042.png b/images/education_scanned_00042.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cc01c6332c414c1374705a9eb27678db2cd324f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00042.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9402c3c72ee5da6df6500fed4735648a6ef08aa3fdc3abb6d4a8d4625ef8395b +size 170571 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00043.png b/images/education_scanned_00043.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8fe1ecaa6f0412b836449f67013681b6f787376c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00043.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5d1c1b51da9ec65aeb48674187a04b3d0ab34e2ade447fe4bda61d04c5d9a124 +size 234649 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00044.png b/images/education_scanned_00044.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..61a292620b53bb30dc484759adb6bd3616abf9e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00044.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:cba4b9ab678cbeafc631c2865bc0eedc37876cfa67455887846d9f3991465d98 +size 155161 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00045.png b/images/education_scanned_00045.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f9325a6c73cad43a4389473b5dcdf4d4ff734fc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00045.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:389b0fc0208ce7a835244f7b692a13993dfb262d177758145329028b0784cdcd +size 206935 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00046.png b/images/education_scanned_00046.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..580e89fca36f3af24ff65c250ac5d728ec2e0f8b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00046.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a70de8a1e2943ce86468fabd76f8798db45a5c66663b0da0da33d11d5c53570a +size 245343 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00047.png b/images/education_scanned_00047.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..102709e33a24dd3130f26fe5a69bd523b7faa62d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00047.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:063eeca75ed6dbbb004f45c2fb8d7d9cba37f8a32f63a488f4b95ed923bc0a5d +size 236699 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00048.png b/images/education_scanned_00048.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..37c9dafd96934c99a142574028078e46013fd78e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00048.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2f12257de448308f64f8e10026d354454fca2379ca2f512366f87beb25f52358 +size 213289 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00049.png b/images/education_scanned_00049.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8dde11ce2c4e63daaff9ab78f08845d3a78f4623 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00049.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7f53dbc76993c36f9d734c5613e075ded7ca4b5d5fc228285819cfb81bb380ed +size 232255 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00050.png b/images/education_scanned_00050.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8c2c0e2b2931731a43a72bf92c0514c9a2eeb65f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00050.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d23c90ebb1e6cfe8bd32c49345813621d88252ab2da371ef9092c51aa63e6476 +size 467305 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00051.png b/images/education_scanned_00051.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9db999387a8c8e3d096cb8a0fb9849d7de02a552 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00051.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:cb1bcab5151d7848c50b08873db865daf696b44e2ee3ba00a2f41156840c77a5 +size 87544 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00052.png b/images/education_scanned_00052.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fbe45fa4974646976b337d627fab5aa9223d1023 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00052.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:37d25e9dbc0998d220bf52dec6f02f9c25f4fa3848b7e9893e1cdee3b967818d +size 85540 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00053.png b/images/education_scanned_00053.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1f8956e6014b8f534e51f92a6f9dddf0726f677d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00053.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7164b2fed61be1ec70c7b4953160801e4930fbf7cf0fd4c43203539df085258a +size 82770 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00054.png b/images/education_scanned_00054.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..854924de0a3e43b91df2f44874115963617f2658 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00054.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:da7d6f759139e0bad7d294d0d507248627ed68a3c434ef3aef686ff2bfe1a890 +size 199769 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00055.png b/images/education_scanned_00055.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a3682f62175e03e16c30868c247e62110a642ea4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00055.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d1b20a22f7ce9e346f097ddc662446a9542c3404cb7ac70eb7b7803f4162f190 +size 68240 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00056.png b/images/education_scanned_00056.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aab6da00a19ed62b8063dcee013bda541184ce94 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00056.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:03e29f62ae24471d29a315996bc091b461b7b740a174aea796f7998bc44c4b43 +size 134298 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00057.png b/images/education_scanned_00057.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dcc1c8c8db9c58eeb39ece603e692d597e41fcd9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00057.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:badc92221d5950d8c61d04c6d97bec8f34054c14d79f62267350a87569d11d0d +size 271539 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00058.png b/images/education_scanned_00058.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2be45ea4de1a44362f060708f48d273403e867b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00058.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3632878f6bbb7e8b5f502167821f27537781fab452cf820da837d789b8c5585d +size 85683 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00059.png b/images/education_scanned_00059.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0eb3472ac96b607d47f414579dc22d9feb8a8556 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00059.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4ee1dbdae7948ce063af90d2f131efa6723492f1729082d01f5642ad0e06b8b4 +size 89927 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00060.png b/images/education_scanned_00060.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..958dd4dec777aec8e5a92390b59d30bdcedd135f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00060.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2b09c433e6b4332818e879cd4d40cce556d6ab8920b46e179787f7772eae8770 +size 118688 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00061.png b/images/education_scanned_00061.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a0f5031b495494667660884e63aecdcefb96ac10 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00061.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:bfc7f086fdfb5a29989d46e98526f0802c846a9d42637608fa3f8b67f208825d +size 136300 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00062.png b/images/education_scanned_00062.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e7a8fb5c6238963d4eb161093fad9d561dbd20de --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00062.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:02e5fd45906e6c835504bbee7c269097d8b8ffbfd7d4d6fc8eaf632bdfdac13d +size 265569 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00063.png b/images/education_scanned_00063.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..144d6d42e34c3385f03729141f3a0cff392e53f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00063.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:61cd607d9d9309b692a9fdea3971e2f38bd43123fa08a5565692913b4ef9f1f2 +size 160882 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00064.png b/images/education_scanned_00064.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..743669b99f81842713966e8c03226e00c77d0e2a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00064.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:160ae7b959597e09321757498528a46c31b33a3e6d73a39c8f86f988d070fc37 +size 108577 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00065.png b/images/education_scanned_00065.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2e95b14fbdfd3bfac7bde9e14895e4858627e037 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00065.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3149c0cdb70662cb3c953782f6365949e07837d47175a56673e1229893e901a7 +size 111398 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00066.png b/images/education_scanned_00066.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..486d5e24410a9f5e31d84e9b6b40cfd83d968b2a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00066.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c792d2d5e6cb8e356aaa8dbc3e6dc258173aed3f0c7850807cb78368ad968099 +size 101122 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00067.png b/images/education_scanned_00067.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..32192fed6cb0eccf09c90c467b5caa9975c77a4c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00067.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c9be3e99465a6ad0e63518d00994e933d493f4fce5fbe056aaacc59423ff4842 +size 141576 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00068.png b/images/education_scanned_00068.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c258361ea956f3fb2d94431cd3d906b9ff0870cb --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00068.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:63ce1937034dcc8192f2bff9c6e972f16c1e9ea574e6a09c1af665da4d93b4f1 +size 207954 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00069.png b/images/education_scanned_00069.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d9e5db28bef3ae4aff2a1001208134a101820e75 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00069.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:116a8e2767e4cc448ef23f898785e705fb4273dd406ed11f187a0d51a45db7a3 +size 117195 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00070.png b/images/education_scanned_00070.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bfc7cbd52c9d880221d31adc1fdaf51f564032db --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00070.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:97731ab19fb881900a83e50e11f6e7ad45caeba23f47080f808f2ee080be07c1 +size 33525 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00071.png b/images/education_scanned_00071.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..77362fbe1e0ac1b784a939f537615d63edfb4a6d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00071.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4f749e29e3137d38178a258946ff0a4f92eb042d7e5af30a405d9995984825d3 +size 159229 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00072.png b/images/education_scanned_00072.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..006136e3aca65c088c5e8a6baad11ab8e681764d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00072.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9313f512338785b90c20486e08fcd8eab3ce8e31ee29a07f949055161ccc505b +size 165710 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00073.png b/images/education_scanned_00073.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ae7afb05f61317660e28837e90e4be8c9c2ee6b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00073.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:18ac765bb20821053b25408c1cf14e8db16d564b67b47a5a26d54a21cfa16a4f +size 154330 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00074.png b/images/education_scanned_00074.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..74f65b0a721cf9ed29d0a6befd20205150f6d85c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00074.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b7b559cc001e32098cf01cb59d3bb5240adf7e3c3f3f7165f46465d525deaa44 +size 69732 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00075.png b/images/education_scanned_00075.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c5b76e40096dd694814bb69c47e5f5705e976e7b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00075.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d9a6b82114200755014e70c29a1e8dc72eb668938ca3acb8d5a9db8473ba4fed +size 36476 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00076.png b/images/education_scanned_00076.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6e64b184860b68794be154b6c129e86d86dc24bf --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00076.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a856a8facbc4f7a43241eebe6d9f4f2599d641cc182fd5c9b4f2de1fe502d181 +size 75699 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00077.png b/images/education_scanned_00077.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3e6a0d91ec0e6b0c4798eaa532cf3daaa1e81898 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00077.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:de274d5f76f1090d43d62fc249432102f8bc72ae1ec2e1a446eaa12f48c383c7 +size 90139 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00078.png b/images/education_scanned_00078.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c6e2cb90317d60d85bba6f2947d7657bad4c0cd5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00078.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:89ddae3655d9ecbdd9b874e0b2f089c22a1bdaec3401d867ae6be1d5be4327c0 +size 700086 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00079.png b/images/education_scanned_00079.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..46c799927a930939632926f8eb674e634d973972 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00079.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:78cfefcda4d387fa1f44f36ec5eeedcb31800b63813a5a6cf90227cd3c478864 +size 158283 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00080.png b/images/education_scanned_00080.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b06abf2ee02b66f4d71a471359e8d5135b0233b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00080.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ca3b523ad212cb4bca24fc2efae7bf2cd2012d6d307bce51eb8ccc1bc6a9df04 +size 286245 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00081.png b/images/education_scanned_00081.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0935b8c7b250355a00cb77114526e565019cc543 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00081.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ebd5bb4a3db4a515267a2ffd661f2d5292bd966d831819d1de411d178330fdad +size 767789 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00082.png b/images/education_scanned_00082.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9d1fe6c29e877ac641317b4905daadd93c5d81cb --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00082.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c277021b0cd497512fba77a7e51f5a2532aeb325ff6a0ed2431c62e2254387c3 +size 520077 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00083.png b/images/education_scanned_00083.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..84d3da8428fcfa40c111b8aef1ab4b079e259d29 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00083.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9255839dbe1fc839b00f5dbebe04e5fd6316b49c61a9db0418c330d1418dc173 +size 385802 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00084.png b/images/education_scanned_00084.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b587ce80552b732003497ecdccc4af01b418551e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00084.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b2aa19027dcff30f7b9ae8b7f247e3d5a0a98a9d9c831355c0f9677b7d109954 +size 421343 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00085.png b/images/education_scanned_00085.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2087d834120017c2928f544e82446febe8b7f857 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00085.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:466d38664cb6901764714e113f0d12e80bcb83e88b8d977ad28114592802463b +size 275999 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00086.png b/images/education_scanned_00086.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..94fa1e803176938fc1fd5307cac5f65f2cdd8ed2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00086.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:56ae4c1ba7be033ba573c2dc08db804e07e9ca2bc63f062c01b00b95e4af4a9f +size 344307 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00087.png b/images/education_scanned_00087.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6a9b54ad4762a6533de6c3b09d3cbaed92608f61 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00087.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f235c8f230454bc519a2ccf6c0f2fdfad7050716fe6d410001bf6fe37ec737cd +size 427143 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00088.png b/images/education_scanned_00088.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d53279ae31af21b2e4125caad65bccb15f9d20b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00088.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fd81906271e620745bc3d5b5203922a21624a33def9ce4f0265f8b71bcb6a2c5 +size 282552 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00089.png b/images/education_scanned_00089.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9ac871cfe036914121b39431b69824c1cdd3eba9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00089.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:db9e295dd0caf343f28d413e4c0e88c08cfbbe7da28b9006eae6a4158bae4dd0 +size 345790 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00090.png b/images/education_scanned_00090.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8f5ebc3ab21fcdd8fe61ac7ffe0a46f86aa29dab --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00090.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8aa902ecdfc1bafc0ed6fff5c27ae4c78d0925096ed7e33290efc757d45d9e0d +size 324284 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00091.png b/images/education_scanned_00091.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..af278efdd34094202608a57c4056c19e681ef0b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00091.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f0629ea109cb2d7e0f9753c2cb197e017d7d08d73e7b381040b29d364e949ee9 +size 334581 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00092.png b/images/education_scanned_00092.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3da37a08f63cf50c09e19dee770ac8c54e219524 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00092.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f08e8b5852b7fb27ac2af61ee6bc6cfaa880f96a6d675bf7da2d3998fc749415 +size 270010 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00093.png b/images/education_scanned_00093.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..978c8ad6be2958b62b7a42a556b526ea9cac8f13 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00093.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1bb82ab00e4a45c29a65c05b0604d79e489759ae661b8a3673c18666bb65083d +size 237170 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00094.png b/images/education_scanned_00094.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43b85332908bac35c349c5de18891809d46dd2cc --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00094.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:847ca0726a9cc945b4d2e3b505d0d4d465f5748d564e15ca8d369ca3a282dfd4 +size 310531 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00095.png b/images/education_scanned_00095.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3b6772e92141e1951c2073d4fe273b617aedc41e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00095.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4fbb601059f518f2791957e9e3d4f693709da1d059a8dcf749570a761757e1c2 +size 318824 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00096.png b/images/education_scanned_00096.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3a8acf80fa6cb6df1e40d0284cd13b7c3c5878de --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00096.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e4084a8587fe05db87cbb3926615f952bbbaaf6dda59364cf73c98f726e27f64 +size 352075 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00097.png b/images/education_scanned_00097.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..25357992c90ad3051b92995a29eac720fcbe1a77 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00097.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:50a26195dedf7e15197e1084a087a3722f729c3da0e607d750226ce1da451293 +size 320958 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00098.png b/images/education_scanned_00098.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1f24e91241fb9c5cc28288e1f35b8cdee9998f71 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00098.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5cb4baaaf8dd79bf4f98e63c0c9d0ce360eb96d00c06f1327d0aaeec00ae0270 +size 393178 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00099.png b/images/education_scanned_00099.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e2c6a38ca65e017dc61d2f6c4fc8e6fc698816ff --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00099.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:539c749662195a70b58bfbad4f586ff7141700dbbdd2e9964b4b0dfca87e7132 +size 310379 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00100.jpg b/images/education_scanned_00100.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..92b4322ab22e57fe7213dae13263ff8849055310 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00100.jpg @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5d069cf6b3f4d20dec294926bfc320be8529f5ee4b5497becd96a8f37cbd1b4e +size 2014698 diff --git a/images/education_scanned_00101.png b/images/education_scanned_00101.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d9e5db28bef3ae4aff2a1001208134a101820e75 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/education_scanned_00101.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:116a8e2767e4cc448ef23f898785e705fb4273dd406ed11f187a0d51a45db7a3 +size 117195 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00001.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00001.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e80dbc8b715c7564e22676674d74439cb54b77c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00001.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1b8088245c069be9820d9bd1dcedc1867c5aae9efaa462d678400282f0987efd +size 374803 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00002.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00002.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..34ab4d2f17be58e22621eb2e7588fbf266e8dccf --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00002.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:70b46be58850e00cdb0dbc40c41c8d16ca13778496a9646ed2e87689347a2ef3 +size 652374 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00003.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00003.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a95eac6ec3a734ae099b6c842d5e3d5f7c3a79c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00003.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4f0f669fdfd0a3ec48f64136f7f302a7dc38d7d2f827edcf022bd41f5362adf9 +size 436973 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00004.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00004.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d06a9b3369bffbede986a8e70d5a94b0172add50 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00004.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:11f42930cde0b3d4c7f59b1027cbfd7f9a333c118c25b365c5b254d28b3e2052 +size 324331 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00005.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00005.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..15013300085bd3ee93c4dab0cc9753014ba3fb45 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00005.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:39377e63ef3b84c2ce17c9a29cfaadb4dc34be44e6b1953d2d583c1b08b31e82 +size 423426 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00006.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00006.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4bf8a5eab1ffe0715e8c9386cc4a1f846325c1cb --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00006.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ed9d1c6ed64a2e7c0e7eda9b241a343d3f35d925544d3601407ff0f1af4409b9 +size 552886 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00007.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00007.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..29fd7b79971db3cb7dd8fe727f38854abe7a52e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00007.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:62e405907d844c305c9c69d2eb43333a68d9771151aef1499b8f8287a4a0939e +size 309486 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00008.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00008.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5440347191bf996e1ebc55812729afd6935efdb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00008.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:24367c1bee9c6236c6fccc841b8b234318d1d28579b9721d22f3a0ac36d5f1aa +size 271071 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00009.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00009.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..314f63f96f09e02d7e0d7839736c36d12201587e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00009.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ed8f80d2c303111cec07b2a84288828d9189d29e2dd4944ea4fe6a45fa778e39 +size 486973 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00010.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00010.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1c874db1a39eb811de49bfb46b8c413c9cc394bf --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00010.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0c3df9c1a427ceb5215dc2dab5d21f87ad44a3b464dfcb60c26db1b1501dcf34 +size 134385 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00011.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00011.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3e1a4b84b2faca7fdc52c780e661b47b38b45bc1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00011.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:65ac437c8fd9c84dd1096941629f9520ec386df2c3a800a76acaf74ded1763e4 +size 186223 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00012.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00012.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..37fd7d5134c449796c757dd771663efe4dba11d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00012.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8cdd22393f06b056999d6d4eabdfab7c1ca22022680e4b07931fe8565eaa2222 +size 455890 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00013.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00013.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..832d01c83dfd15025a7056ac7ce220caa2f8837b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00013.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:91697b51d4647f3b633a5009f567c9684c8d63e3b86abba3b88b7568e52b9e2e +size 333616 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00014.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00014.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2a4f9c35f6277b2b5aecb14133bd09d5a77efdbc --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00014.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:85c36062bba7788261ab5b8fef1ce90b7b59597a38e2c7d253e3d3dc61945176 +size 436165 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00015.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00015.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..98d4b488621f5653d987d4f866367de051837b00 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00015.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:12cdec6923d6d8af5f786509af6096c241ad4fddb262c06574e2167cdc2d9f75 +size 334610 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00016.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00016.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..85ec16ea8ce5a8aadd2739992f84bc671d586532 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00016.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:104741f02c943d84b3613dbfaf439d124a959fd8af3dcbb36dbf46af416550b3 +size 592403 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00017.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00017.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9b20cb45f5f384c640bf041502c9be15b76eea8b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00017.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a27ca47c4112a55219a91d79508b41e2dafd76cd7e97edf7ff227d002a3667aa +size 689957 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00018.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00018.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..806900093ea19133f07d62a0546c7923c2522835 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00018.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:273563c7d8cfd2a3459c6e8d8d3a05a5f696e187692f8ca176b75186e5e38e2d +size 275960 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00019.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00019.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2b5bc9a703f1900477222a22e5ea796ff2af328d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00019.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1c303c2fd843d37d2276546b8b971140e10daac9917a0913d251eb111c033a6d +size 392152 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00020.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00020.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3642e0d2e08bfd5213d505cc2e4894a37644cd7d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00020.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f1588c64782ca920137be814ae14d33da6eb0b40bd4b0e94fe265a9b69f61c9c +size 313466 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00021.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00021.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f70468cd08c536c581f37bca2a5853326455e331 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00021.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:997b83570cffb4629d5562f249e091ea7b444fc5e11f90fbe6a089842f557121 +size 192533 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00022.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00022.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..47624df4ab5be8c455923da29b8a1b54f03b47a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00022.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1c11f9274378b9614f28ff604726c43c1ef3b06d517eb4e0a86bf1a89ae82b5e +size 642495 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00023.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00023.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4e4aafd78b6ac87efb9085fe846a0fea867e008f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00023.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:56bc330ce5afb8b9b3d93f084e255911aed0784eee053c09934c52bdb0ba748d +size 222021 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00024.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00024.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5f924300743db1858a353548f9e59b275832ab33 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00024.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:15c52b873a5e943a95c4adebee94c8d41041d9f5364b73273f7afb9f1ac3ed7a +size 308292 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00025.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00025.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2f24a867e5b19dd584657aed947503a5d1fccb55 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00025.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f7dd06dcead6dcdb79d11cfb61d0ca44363b498a2797081711c52a8f6483333c +size 547271 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00026.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00026.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..88bc4b24ab9cb78e562f393407085c48c238d22e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00026.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0a77d2164693c3d90f17c9ea9933985c95ce0a1f0179bbda9e81edcf14287b44 +size 447912 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00027.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00027.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bab229cea8f89a5b47e8d82f929365f30510d0fd --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00027.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:cc12bb312a5ae802ced22bbdcc56c0f84e70057e5f28e5958ff3c4eca73f72eb +size 568955 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00028.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00028.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6338312e0cb3965f1ea69902fd83fce17b41ac0b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00028.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:02c27fd6fb6d9a3c74402748a87a75d64fa8442339b721b160f97eb67e8b4ad8 +size 449899 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00029.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00029.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..48ab2f17c2f95e2364477d2fe641c950a08af4c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00029.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e42f92b1478067c28157eada196b854c3321e918d521e495609720e8f96879f0 +size 438912 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00030.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00030.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7e08075f6e2616e835e71fb9474a9f523251ffcf --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00030.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f980ecbcf97347110b9bf3e68a02976df89a1f81af84cac969a5dc7bc14841a8 +size 528655 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00031.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00031.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..206651514bccfc50b39a901e52fab38697be0770 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00031.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a7493f5b0ab8f5cefd9cfdbc627dc5fb47c5d0f8704bd30e8ac3970c43a28d68 +size 449273 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00032.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00032.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d628c3088d4a2c8d7527a71dac2b0e922c68ad65 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00032.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b8ee6dd172a0045b10600f56e76a327aa098c38d49910b0e9e11f03a1fddbf56 +size 389957 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00033.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00033.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b27a5e65b63e1860267ef427c8a4e248e434de04 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00033.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:17c76c6bb4b04997e3e929198b1c59732ae4a9280b39bf0d356b51654d1f89ed +size 582629 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00034.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00034.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..702af49025b382bdc43a6f7e260860486878b085 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00034.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d4cb1bab3ae71f87d9dc08804aef7c7cbaf54e2326cecd30aa2974fb4f6b6d6b +size 334857 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00035.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00035.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bfd5b2842621afc16f4b9da09b81b16735eb9f3c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00035.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:71b9147ed2243f40de07b18e8497e1784d26ccc117bfd1dce8536043e42f99f5 +size 686378 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00036.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00036.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c73c32fab9a9aa9b5dba20b1e5cc31a0834bdaa4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00036.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2bb4827f850db87f04806d7dd3149bfef07aa2b78084fe510a614d430be8e2a5 +size 344660 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00037.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00037.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99865ebc4c98f10254a5f9197203375bb5bac518 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00037.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:569c7975886efb2967161ee378902d91abe9775affd5ff200920a2195e1e389f +size 760432 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00038.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00038.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a17d4eb1986d12f4edf3cecf03a641af52968d06 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00038.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:bd51b1ec46b53ad6b6a816c0e115632d437578fd5fd2b77d599a5f9c0fd50759 +size 419827 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00039.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00039.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2401d5d793fabc33755f3ea0cc511b309fdb5d47 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00039.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b00d4dc0f950c71f0a771903299308c36d2f05f9d63be95b5b5b72d48d51f8ee +size 437125 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00040.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00040.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8836d145884d0e7610a39981fcb399a621981b5a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00040.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:77c31bea198632d4b7f56ffaf72a29691c9bb217e445840e642f4407c79aaf21 +size 432232 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00041.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00041.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5c9f951a820bc26a75bd9a7c1cc11f7641de7582 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00041.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:aad4914ac8c5e05cadf0ec626a1a4cf314909c294cfe72ab16221e9ab16e617c +size 381493 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00042.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00042.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d78e322103c0905870590e6f7e51a5495b1c09a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00042.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c7d946f4cadf76ec7366d78040c634b5f4cf08c44e865c4169fe6fbf176c4058 +size 493805 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00043.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00043.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f11ca581c93fac5a39af879bae8cbef729809627 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00043.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a9f581e7ea7133a9027ce7cb5a8d5a7793007f08d28a499133993efb289ce142 +size 237043 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00044.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00044.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ce708393ee5a9dc261000871366e07096314cb73 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00044.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5c59df823bdcc61763290ef1572848270b8b0dfd88f7ae12552ad7f91548011e +size 494618 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00045.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00045.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a2c9a7c46902179cd4569083293e84dce98efa37 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00045.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:bfd267b933d0cbacd28907a0ef5952a55333178e926322f6b5bea89e8e40009c +size 464496 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00046.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00046.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c21194a421b7c161ec935b34a829003ab092c492 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00046.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4fb1aa8b213be5dd5d8e0958da7a6e9532e684fc6fe00da29f4fdac85adaf911 +size 884892 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00047.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00047.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..77cdf8e377f0620e7c3caeee3316b2454c8f3edd --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00047.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2678c5456da65e0827d27916941c21653f1baab401179a2a23f2c289f4efebf5 +size 459659 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00048.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00048.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bd8aec054137ec7043e074394217b753dbb01737 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00048.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:51024caeed058d2afd592b8cc1cbd49d9e74cc3365ac1ecab5c15d8e71b59a19 +size 511194 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00049.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00049.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..60b1501f4a96d89ffb90293412b16dc7c698f5e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00049.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:488235c0883dd91d65bf2d979f5c58e3d712b07cece0c1befc7088fe39dc6296 +size 573851 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00050.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00050.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6ba5c6a8433eb55cd1765c09cb7c64e856cddb08 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00050.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:89580f9be034d41e5ba27bb9d68440ada21d99795b0048c6a766ff09a650afe0 +size 512597 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00051.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00051.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..edb2e53e962787451acaf37fb0104a14fa75d79e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00051.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:04dffb4e271c68851a3c75125c64c2cd9a796d0642fcda0227ef803df7c2a549 +size 465201 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00052.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00052.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2158448471d7399a3282f9b9b933f747b3334428 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00052.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e92af3f688948f96fb4c742e487528e4723d0dc10b396863ee4d82970bf304f6 +size 467319 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00053.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00053.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1a4e738c6ed85d5c77e9c0f74a9f529edea607d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00053.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a16abb085edecd6184c899be3c69b4241f023e0d2e09207cb5185d43087fc3be +size 109218 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00054.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00054.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bd1ffad990b7c75d42cf4383564ba242bef00233 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00054.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7f2ddc5b3c418582003aba606b1ecca73601e4528758d174c76c5820d429ac06 +size 75499 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00055.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00055.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ee152ddfdffbee46b3dbf00bfa618fde8f9f7e85 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00055.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:261e0f6785707d52179288ba1f793b30d2cb7139edbdae708c286ecccbfff528 +size 66496 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00056.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00056.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6a159829eb6df815ebf44d493b7d129305bf7ba4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00056.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1e2dd5dc0e1a8036245bfcf97bddcab840884074a943dddf7e985ae8894d6109 +size 111287 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00057.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00057.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..436c46de67aeb96cad9e5087e4840dba2d9c80f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00057.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0d5efa915c5b87a680680de8643479f4011822ebdcc4c8a190b12a4488dcf560 +size 109040 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00058.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00058.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..66132fdf8e4b3b8b28a7e11bb66c8389f55cb237 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00058.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8aef5f19459a0f006c76ef1dbb450c71306ed95c3e724443b425531f3abc8c81 +size 62342 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00059.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00059.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..63e42e2bc1e682b4ba514bf908af044ac80105b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00059.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fdb6bb3a3b1bf7363d3ff726bddfe0454f16fef1cd73b073d244328fb736d8b3 +size 88124 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00060.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00060.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0cbac8b8d3b0b98d54a901d9df7c3c4612d76bca --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00060.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:078310ae2d45c6a1e9ebfcfb97273ee664add9dd82266209e51f920575969bf8 +size 113851 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00061.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00061.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..db67250b59ed6dd612fd4a01b2537ae9897b2e72 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00061.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:17cc50e32aa3b92d29a6b15dc0649f69e40327bb3cc3b0f37394929cff1113da +size 80965 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00062.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00062.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f8b43224786c5ee2a8b4c5f6caef6882780a2c13 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00062.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9b543377d0090ad19a593372ecaf6da5a4b6fb177e0ec634b5b50e8e3c9b2166 +size 78394 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00063.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00063.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..374b579fde275f4f5852aad3caf1e474b79ae212 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00063.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fd0d5fb0756846b139689278313e401854fd712d98c1f13ef6cf9888c00e7cbd +size 70648 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00064.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00064.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c278ddd5181a318b6e8b7be79c1de9dd153cb024 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00064.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:30e80c5c5168d2a77bda8c711f841e63031421593a55e156f93131db3753fdc4 +size 137696 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00065.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00065.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9be183c96a5632bf0a556ffc20922fac7bc51481 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00065.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:eca6e2341e9eb118720d9bbedc30ce3728519399d40b85088f7c3c22ef3110f5 +size 83277 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00066.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00066.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d09fc2daf97a6deb805a9c8976822bc5d2dec1a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00066.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:015955abdfe8d59bd362aa4bff53ec1ffc041ac46a4fa6fca7a794afbe6fac09 +size 100744 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00067.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00067.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2996d6e8ebfa0d0f3d11ac0a78ea53770d5061ee --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00067.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1a2da5fb0786ba8596acebed11cea09730abe3e7aed8c1ec0e6e1ba58a84a09b +size 53543 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00068.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00068.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b7c413d4d62b8fefae769c354bb16311456443c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00068.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2183ee26e648731bf9fdd94fe33c9b10fa9017b040d5e24b3aac561a8ff3a58a +size 108530 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00069.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00069.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9a9c10aff2a5d05573ee70c0084f75c9a0088da4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00069.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:96889cc9425ce4fddfd9e5fd2b73164b465045ef7553ce8e25bc7fa08aa2c430 +size 105822 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00070.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00070.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4b8c138368045cb2780cbb643c11f2645d344500 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00070.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ae76c643b0861c6ed2220a90cac40d6645f41f844bd5dd3110701699bbe61508 +size 105837 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00071.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00071.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7b5d9862e1a6b49ee9a19a0c438ff56ca20edf37 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00071.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0881ac3efdf914599022fb985988bcc6d729cc00b52f2894c7f75171d83edd71 +size 92822 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00072.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00072.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1b5d2647165c18f6cd47304d8d1338780426303b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00072.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ae42155b302999a6a5bf395e22d20bf5d067e24f09e8d067279ff0ac56075c27 +size 119590 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00073.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00073.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..355edd54f7185aa67086aa4ae392e617c7e10609 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00073.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7dec3fab1cf71939087cb5f72d8851bf623b950850906f9deb9edd345e7f2b3f +size 85494 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00074.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00074.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4b121f32b2183e8b830d0465456529e3f6b9b641 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00074.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c7e877f6c13f00f30c81b782fee4b2302027f695af03e667de5ccb1d819af93d +size 86531 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00075.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00075.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..643fafca39c7273f17bfb8261704aa4b86969f74 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00075.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:753e4ac74a12a5339c2acfd0568e2ce1064fe1b2863040729fc6d3239b0cbd06 +size 100154 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00076.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00076.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..84d719099a416a91dff4ebda3df9a68ba0a8e646 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00076.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:89763eb31f73c420605e5b8e9dd16501278a2646be2e77393d023d1898ca8078 +size 77814 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00077.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00077.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..05bd21fe78ba7c0c912fffde812917e123f35424 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00077.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e72fec1215d292ad495d74fc30e708d788901107c883096d89796c5ab552c8c9 +size 111020 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00078.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00078.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3580da7d940dfa02ecfbd90b4d22e1b3d9eb7953 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00078.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f7dd3aec1e3d734348396e26cfd2fffd5bba36a0b43beb944b32a320029bb4ab +size 82833 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00079.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00079.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..61910b9fa7ae52881cc5bb31746b0e7aa9893be6 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00079.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d527e8106df13a0f53fdbbcb5bb18626be8929b4160eec79cf5417b74a6e780b +size 56023 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00080.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00080.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a1bef47a8e7afdc33926af79b8ceff640dfc4e91 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00080.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:da6ce2c19b45cbd0cbfc730262aad2b5761172fff5b3ef19dd2e637b90883845 +size 90422 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00081.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00081.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..13e001e986a6385c492ff0a380a3b11e72ee2818 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00081.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0547c4650833f7c007e9b33085a1fb74472093bde42f4bad98577215072e02fb +size 100965 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00082.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00082.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..063a6215f2e74693ae8bc935a0e8fb698d11edfa --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00082.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5e27fbd3699c112cc9981eb7154a6110b3c399d818573f1cd53a70e107fd769d +size 114614 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00083.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00083.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0d11ecaa34a0193ae8ba8fd13535d5f69ce61ff4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00083.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:39e19f81a58cd61818ddba0dc233ec05699d099aad1bdae8c1a88776cdf05ce8 +size 116765 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00084.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00084.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c48b8fe706d4a258dbf78f3469d85374a513018c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00084.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c5777a4e026c731c780f1ce4b49590000d536061683e390c1161d6f6250a5907 +size 66032 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00085.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00085.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..71116ebd9809a447b7b4d0989235e85a3dc0109c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00085.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0ef10f1554b64c348ac5b1f136b5f1085f09649eab79fd72fe0ff255f9dd10d7 +size 128185 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00086.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00086.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..25506e37029a1dc691c9151e43ef133ecb82ea87 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00086.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9af686b2d63c2967a60d90168940f0fa5ddc5b284f80ac3d555d63e3b2473bf2 +size 112933 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00087.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00087.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8c76105fbc91e7a9b6302cf00b920ad0a56680dc --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00087.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2472e327c120e51686860f1c791fe8d64ed23ad5f91d1862b7e8194e31ec2751 +size 101565 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00088.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00088.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..04174284dce1ed13fed26d80e9d001705502c919 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00088.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:44689a54f2bbcb1d30a2864b56d053fccd603edb1a7874e8f58f66c2d4d971d2 +size 81099 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00089.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00089.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e324aa9d51e14d630fb8e90fb6b79970a2a980e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00089.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:bfa2fb775db7e7ff4cad4453bdaa57c684b254dce9c014b1d7199e529a8a3529 +size 101260 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00090.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00090.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6b66ca5ca500136e218a74463dfccc44de2abb23 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00090.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:84594a74a8400c210177209767fc9919d9db7d70d5628ba1cb66e4fe38a8817c +size 67508 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00091.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00091.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..276d6ac246d9de761c0639eb68ff28c24d69b811 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00091.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2c1046e25c2e4ab95e2ece82edd97837a505f7101cb028414b71f17becd4f980 +size 121506 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00092.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00092.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..866782860e001474743d2c51d447f18a3b881e7d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00092.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fda4477e59d2fa719057300f830a7096d611bc0adb1da4cdb6a63da0841a7468 +size 122336 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00093.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00093.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..67729204de29ab962760d68effdfbc4dbc6c29eb --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00093.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a3659bd481f821d95c08359c54dcc4edd1acaa0227a9723c1de8355c3101554d +size 116693 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00094.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00094.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..92cc385aa92c0bf7ff756b4850f066a4fab28def --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00094.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d4580c36295e8a116acb8e1712a5f14dbef48c65b7a8d3ad78ff936452a9e4eb +size 68799 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00095.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00095.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c14ab0a041d6b8ff158338ade3d4bc390ff0e890 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00095.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:51e90fa3a5abc79cc125da49943f9094ff55b6b4573507674d93852978a3bb0b +size 79122 diff --git a/images/finance_financial_report_00096.png b/images/finance_financial_report_00096.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8aa705175f59cdf4b0cb43adc369abfe6f448ec5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_financial_report_00096.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c4b7ea55236de396f4ef1af11e0cdb10608e056364361724c97676b90fd4c18e +size 41673 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00001.png b/images/finance_research_report_00001.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ca86cc2be17394caf966d822a6a81e3ebd219b65 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00001.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c4c21035fb1f68b08f13dd6f8b67c131e2a8fbbe9d327c0bfc591438f02db30a +size 160699 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00002.png b/images/finance_research_report_00002.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..711a38ca16659f1d4174af71f0b454858770df0d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00002.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a874b789360141e876078440779a98759ecec19d5d818ca083bf6373fe5d2d63 +size 324407 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00003.png b/images/finance_research_report_00003.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..442869df7c2024417a89947fa8c6130a71d22d44 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00003.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:eb317a1cdb8d2e54d05a4f24dfd839ef0640b4138ad10c901b2188c631f5c04a +size 659205 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00004.png b/images/finance_research_report_00004.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1f5c4c7b9bca405e28434b91efd5d6cd5443b4f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00004.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7d8a4b0b36ae5ac056ceff26f2bdfa75da701a6650bed19e75d7272664c419f5 +size 3223608 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00005.png b/images/finance_research_report_00005.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9bcfacff29df2bc46a7d7c6fbc2812ceb093d328 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00005.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:66d9572070d9be7266f273fa24ccb2a9c374c6c94c20170075af47200aa30b60 +size 2219849 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00006.png b/images/finance_research_report_00006.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0fff7b2bdd421b494353de5617546f2a75c565b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00006.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2ff9ead890a5ddca40c5e4317053d164186deb7ec1d4eeddb7c9bcf6a54b6a60 +size 2485896 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00007.png b/images/finance_research_report_00007.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cbafbf2792965c2e253f1cb5ee45395b5d48d1c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00007.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:260688dcc158981832f38a7121e87b9ea285d0bd1a23879d99c30ad565ce0fc5 +size 3184544 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00008.png b/images/finance_research_report_00008.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ef5cfb80769545665a0f4e2f710fb7d848762e38 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00008.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:aff0d6c32037768790a8a8f35fc50a2339db1b93e87be97356596514448e53a9 +size 1925953 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00009.png b/images/finance_research_report_00009.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a82d020bc500b82e11c5834cc1303bdff7d418a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00009.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e564b7d912cac8ec00f247d308f8d53f419684a3283e675016fe738e2ba83d12 +size 1034496 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00010.png b/images/finance_research_report_00010.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b0ddd0a4e6e3a7e24ec01ef290729f34aaf25ba5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00010.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4ee3e0d7ba64808d8e522b5e90994dc3ee3f0a8932af1278b1b0616123631e51 +size 1057303 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00011.png b/images/finance_research_report_00011.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27f422828aeaa8193728f8ca88463a464f90bde4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00011.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b7c15bbc35d41709d4aaa2318af8012f27fcd66801cdf1543a68b50170bae79b +size 2170388 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00012.png b/images/finance_research_report_00012.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6eff0307a9f9cd0a2edc3d17b903846affc27189 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00012.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5f135ee54c167ad585c60047605bee8087a014dcda98df2a0c0e92e3620cd3b5 +size 1719386 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00013.png b/images/finance_research_report_00013.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a1cdb7b80a1861f78109b82b97fe8e9394643663 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00013.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c903d6e3cf9600cbb53f25c95261319ddb602b03fb0a495ff06b2bd1b7716abe +size 1120107 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00014.png b/images/finance_research_report_00014.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..98ae650a55d044be714198bca8c2cbca63ff53e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00014.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7bac58866d52a316dbfcc30157f69b5c1540921adf194426daa5d8a267ff31e9 +size 2354307 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00015.png b/images/finance_research_report_00015.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..93d18397b0fe191b7600bf3f538dd1b2c228c174 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00015.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b3fccbcc5b6e91cb4061f7671d469b1f5d19799e0dbb9d42733a39729d27b18d +size 1383828 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00016.png b/images/finance_research_report_00016.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2f05c5740d26e772ddf763f640b8f4f546e09c03 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00016.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:997cdf88269d6a48b729ff53c2eda79ca4371e6c3e8af7bf1a6f23b9b93cf693 +size 1899905 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00017.png b/images/finance_research_report_00017.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cb57a48bb4552ed9c7c2ec200f615c17023f4cfb --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00017.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:336da936fd92660bcc9d8c987a9b0e0304a32375ae0f1f17a4267a3befe0dd7a +size 1859369 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00018.png b/images/finance_research_report_00018.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..74b35bb7059fe01b036e478077df0b6b62cede2c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00018.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:eded75c025c3ff12cac800259d69001a1b2ffecd696dbd3fc4c3771d3907fd3e +size 476517 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00019.png b/images/finance_research_report_00019.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e4c38c078332468bab57ce56e1fe1bc544bd0eea --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00019.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c7b408dd2c0ad2b19eeece90b9d38c62bcd8675f89a30047ca89952a36a7a541 +size 495112 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00020.png b/images/finance_research_report_00020.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..07c6440a7c6c0ec892e4c88e10f25fd04d8f6198 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00020.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:38f158f6a64e26f90d8e239f6dd3a4e79f1bf65f6bc0805e7a8e789fd790d7d5 +size 1481474 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00021.png b/images/finance_research_report_00021.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a6dca5a8c09ef5f4343d15bbee79b996dfaabbcc --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00021.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f03435d2faecaa88946e55bff92422300fe8a43058189c56c9ba55c9fca572f5 +size 1500157 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00022.png b/images/finance_research_report_00022.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..302b29d3fa536e21078a26f23725c3bfc6e4735b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00022.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:34b40370d0e074febc833267951b85a1207511bd47fe5b1262a486247d216031 +size 855428 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00023.png b/images/finance_research_report_00023.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4816934566a8dc0f2cbcac925bed31fd3e808e29 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00023.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:008784391795688b8bf82b190bdfb212563bf432ceaad1be7ac8df8c1b4b308f +size 582634 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00024.png b/images/finance_research_report_00024.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0923f8590236be049614ff47cb5be99684cb9db6 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00024.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8a5695dc8e35cce962582f8edb3d033b4f725a2a5ccfb0247bc46cdf95c58c32 +size 449623 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00025.png b/images/finance_research_report_00025.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..130c4eee06786541aaf64907f95323887598b5ce --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00025.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b17936f9c2301848dcdd86ce26a6aeeb5253051d7c8ca0076d1b9f2c6a6e85fd +size 313728 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00026.png b/images/finance_research_report_00026.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..867516da05a84bcb8bd3a5f3f307e10c4fb97c79 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00026.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:019e88ddc9aefe62485dc242df579b8900139bc81a64bf4113b4ceca51aae398 +size 667487 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00027.png b/images/finance_research_report_00027.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fa4dace83bcba4b4a39a63c8d9fc72f09408d31d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00027.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:48d72aa1515f40a99670cd538c4a9c6e622e86eb0c5689d664640931ab754caa +size 305793 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00028.png b/images/finance_research_report_00028.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0a80356398de74c6affaed7fcda82c26c2c0209e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00028.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d077a2152ad3de175ac330dd0eb7cab05c6c0e16962044a6dd51b6f852c8dd1d +size 475266 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00029.png b/images/finance_research_report_00029.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d62afcf0d6d30d9fbffcf30f63e9daa3a6209c18 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00029.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0803464beb5c4010b89938e6bb50f02619ecee0a0fc50c46b5be8f210b82e755 +size 694313 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00030.png b/images/finance_research_report_00030.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..919ce4d7dfedd9574c55e7785775a9d418049015 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00030.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ad33706a6c8e52c73db3b6adc9623ef358145d2acf2466c15f9b5617f6b39f3e +size 881589 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00031.png b/images/finance_research_report_00031.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0bbef08e1fa3b68976dfd5d27701ce8a071ec08a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00031.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fe3b625b400d3071d84025245bd956caf7962dd5d695c38448f2fd239e8beb76 +size 420997 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00032.png b/images/finance_research_report_00032.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d549fd7f8870262000dea257fd8c80885f3127a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00032.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0f4aabe161daee25e40f119365899bfb6f5c8077164a486fc6ba14ed82d2b6e4 +size 722093 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00033.png b/images/finance_research_report_00033.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ec97f35e891d34176c3a5508e287b9eb027ec314 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00033.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d9716707a48f8be9ee91fa4bb2156bc3f3771893eec842de15326f4745e84594 +size 459246 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00034.png b/images/finance_research_report_00034.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..75691321e8f02351b59a56f921dca153ab1be932 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00034.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5df99f707ad021f5e7543cc58e2f333cc9593dda5bda11177e206b696f5de32f +size 1828218 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00035.png b/images/finance_research_report_00035.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4f5b0ae642f0772ef050ddb4e35bd29f48591e48 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00035.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:210a3aa54d4da0ffb6bd04abe715159a23d0adb026350cc8a73bd3b5f7da8fbd +size 579608 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00036.png b/images/finance_research_report_00036.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ceacadf274fb26db809893fdd2de1e250290796 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00036.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0c2ce1a99c7d39b898e3c91292c27a41152f35b19f913794741b974469711419 +size 440099 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00037.png b/images/finance_research_report_00037.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bc79e00f0cb7625b74e6141353bea46a6275978c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00037.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8a67737ab6ffb3bb9f123177130a581aa8c1976cad04e3fb862cc2158a2c6975 +size 398314 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00038.png b/images/finance_research_report_00038.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4b18e4af9c536968fe85d1b8f2c9df20512f3ca0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00038.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:753276623c28c684f03db9e7c141e3ce89f4f9a502579859b8d505dff0657e80 +size 365607 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00039.png b/images/finance_research_report_00039.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..09d920faa32dfe17e65e2bd073c0a638fb712ac7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00039.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0f4a6a32165e7bc1f75497d98a2d880b9d8a7f8c1b87e1ee25378becd3d4bde4 +size 522247 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00040.png b/images/finance_research_report_00040.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8f03d313d1730385ced0f51130b340c91fc85ae1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00040.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:565f98fcf02a9f49d803d430d2d582e62e81ea06a6cc003ea3eb5634bab7ffc2 +size 425950 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00041.png b/images/finance_research_report_00041.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c3a48cf9088084b0f27c998e5aa1fa1db89504d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00041.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7658a1f661caaab2b64409da929b8419a8f88e767b32f52ffc67cf3fc717c3b8 +size 638324 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00042.png b/images/finance_research_report_00042.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..894d1abb64b1002d5177bed336b80aa3b018cd86 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00042.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1999d7e49fcb9245aae169711cd17079e7545849c87bb0a0f3e21b7faa8db462 +size 477072 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00043.png b/images/finance_research_report_00043.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3af6763d33f2780ad4a923305ad5e528003c563c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00043.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:652fdf6029d622ef543995524529161b52a950552c9ff337f2cb4c25296ddeab +size 631918 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00044.png b/images/finance_research_report_00044.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..edf8f537853f5248eed8c9000b31ee5df0820ec5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00044.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c26b1fe75d15a5b395496aa9de38f7982e50284b07f7c6f65977cd7c43a214d2 +size 514445 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00045.png b/images/finance_research_report_00045.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..10e74d38875e72696d269dcff482e4c3303fa479 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00045.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f82803acff5f942a65231bed55ea5fdd3ef9db989b8e9bb75a48b5c51bcdf10a +size 410192 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00046.png b/images/finance_research_report_00046.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ce4ca458ea2c48a79034e8f14d9521c6875654c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00046.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:424c231a71643a6003198a1aeff4235df3292bef12e39cc757573716ff0bcb84 +size 297738 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00047.png b/images/finance_research_report_00047.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..84e6a125fdfa242b884f2ccb36d97cb8131e20fc --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00047.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:96a9dfa60c7f02ce13d0f141989a376d4a26cf971644dd11371d7c1241990238 +size 529393 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00048.png b/images/finance_research_report_00048.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e7dd66676f2b2198d49f4079f5b0314b5e0b8ce0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00048.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2b8a1f3d696bfcbdbd40011440b4aa210825d74805b30c84f2637de14bd75179 +size 339430 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00049.png b/images/finance_research_report_00049.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1158e8d025a8b234690e0b2ab44b4258095675eb --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00049.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:edd7a65659ec69d5071923dbb88af58b73a10e8f89ced36a2cd26745230420b5 +size 583192 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00050.png b/images/finance_research_report_00050.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3678757486de3e4ca4865ae9137dd92f606a7469 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00050.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:868eef924793be7d6bc9c2d11e407552afc7ba083546e806899d69ed1c5ac7d7 +size 579014 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00051.png b/images/finance_research_report_00051.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a7043e1ab53e87743d5d31fd65880a378e6232e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00051.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ef82bdf4958fe2be4be15105652f04f2c7e4347b4d40dfae4a21567ad2756492 +size 296157 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00052.png b/images/finance_research_report_00052.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f6092ced0f58e0422c9376e53e9c97efbc2a9c42 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00052.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a7b959b58ded8da4acf0f1dfcaf4f6eb5bf973d34f8e9c5242984003c07b99e3 +size 371502 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00053.png b/images/finance_research_report_00053.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e574bc828f5a49a70f015d684928667e245db3f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00053.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4470798c73d48bcff11c36715688428540ff81d809c3e69c6d104ccd956da270 +size 548059 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00054.png b/images/finance_research_report_00054.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..72ebdf6cc0f1707845c9ccbb843cf0cc3dce070f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00054.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:93ade15a647cb8fe4e3e877a316c403d38c04f11f5914bf885527a0e88e35149 +size 698256 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00055.png b/images/finance_research_report_00055.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3282d4fd2edab4afc73e19f2695fb2c17ae97bad --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00055.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f6916f8b9c89116c308e44cb981dfd89b4b82db479de04b0e82e2e014d7d283f +size 292922 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00056.png b/images/finance_research_report_00056.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..645209d083200ad9ebe9915698d0af0e0e394e2d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00056.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:97e964ec480f83252aaf1b3f4b7e47a26b1807b6a35f99db4b029debe4ff16c6 +size 335162 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00057.png b/images/finance_research_report_00057.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0808ced226d1a16d3412975ca6779efed078bb1e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00057.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f3fe8e37e6d01d5727fa8edfea3a961fc7035f8855a4c42de9fa1960130e356e +size 423982 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00058.png b/images/finance_research_report_00058.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..69cb08d243ced586695b9fd9413f794bf04dee27 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00058.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f4e0303c184bcd9bc1973a1f7b11a29da9ba8f5a0ecf1547969ff093fc974057 +size 478227 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00059.png b/images/finance_research_report_00059.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..39a2bd62ffb4f9e1399470a984dc9246edc08df6 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00059.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c3672e7b247b9acf1a316ef6b5b89f117f8d93b8034f39ba294c82dfdd7079f2 +size 476358 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00060.png b/images/finance_research_report_00060.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a63f1b5ee94ea5aa0c33a5ed0e5e49858bd0dca3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00060.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:903a82b8060df0bf0f63306bb0a29b3fa197ad5a529c75a04cff438a419d597b +size 342428 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00061.png b/images/finance_research_report_00061.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bd36032b7cd3c023702bdf03fbac05743dd48e3a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00061.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e497730b13ea8a37574d68d199cede9bbe9c8f2f28beee71b9953b5d02a08182 +size 530921 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00062.png b/images/finance_research_report_00062.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..41f1fbfe4867f4d4a9cc2ccd4b391d14200372c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00062.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2a34ae5c41a1a60215e3ea638b51bce05eb0e231b9d56d8be4baf5d6aec3cf52 +size 348619 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00063.png b/images/finance_research_report_00063.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7ec929691557be9cf4cd080981c6684f3895c228 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00063.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a9dbb06f01395ad13779319782d5f9650c6999a96c61e58c04194f77dca8af05 +size 497572 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00064.png b/images/finance_research_report_00064.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..41acb6300fc2720a143857f82a2acf6187978fc9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00064.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c0ce4f4c41386387a9c59275aebc43f82aca2c373913c40ae25120a13c539586 +size 597680 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00065.png b/images/finance_research_report_00065.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..98facc162589cc3ae0ebb80dd4c0c650c159224f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00065.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:654e89d58a392a4abf3e417779a4899e8272d50bd2c6d05201341f60ce9a0ce1 +size 273848 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00066.png b/images/finance_research_report_00066.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b38d7ba4bed93a05967043e7cbe844f790cc9596 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00066.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:49fc360d07440ca300a42cd8273905d5192a485040a8441023eb6909cdd85c9e +size 213574 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00067.png b/images/finance_research_report_00067.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2470167673be07ca45f80830b28c1ed942888b45 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00067.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5e950c3e1afa08324504a7a6c20d2dfb00d2038bbf02b27c18d2e2465c547a29 +size 195189 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00068.png b/images/finance_research_report_00068.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9a60b6e2970928d2910c0fbe6e239faf3b659b1f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00068.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:32879f5078d61d42b809b4e6c86ce5e5fa2751bb190001e801c3c815eaad0e37 +size 569922 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00069.png b/images/finance_research_report_00069.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bf3acfee54d77fc2352326abe495a441d81fd6ab --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00069.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:cc9212abbe528aa4e801af03f7c9c8f177b590247acc97717211568b61eb4f17 +size 239019 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00070.png b/images/finance_research_report_00070.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..74f496bf1ac92ccb79d1fb3dccd19ea486a4dc50 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00070.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b85f419d698a46e9e88a08cfc4f2843fd9d4ba92a78a855815b2c77e3cf94564 +size 1023156 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00071.png b/images/finance_research_report_00071.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7889010c24ddfa07cf87e2c36678c5183330a701 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00071.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:872b5f3d9e2a56894980b40e7711d9ccba0160232bd7c2ee7db71cadcc1a0c36 +size 1027232 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00072.png b/images/finance_research_report_00072.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..58f2baed9eb86884133cd2ab26fac950390702e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00072.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:188bbdb897c1de6289d44381a1c8a7b4e8b23440dc7416fe812295eb1491857d +size 718422 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00073.png b/images/finance_research_report_00073.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6c7da1a86096ac0fe863fabcf6c2f9a91405f7c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00073.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e7c0a71e1ab4cf982c0eccb6a668e520b7ed63290988e789163d6b74bc6a934e +size 635492 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00074.png b/images/finance_research_report_00074.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e58f06273109c256ad24fe85b92429cb14392c37 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00074.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b782fc39698f1215efde7ddcffbc9977b21f4c56f437406e840ecb545f9863ec +size 501900 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00075.png b/images/finance_research_report_00075.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5b3c4695c8915492fccddab2b280b241f08c78be --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00075.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a3a78fe00dc712590ce9d8a07c2e6060880cc75c954a7e7a982fc01fc163c9c4 +size 404247 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00076.png b/images/finance_research_report_00076.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6ddac2f021a5dad92ff6ef9a8a7e423f3a9ce17d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00076.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f4c771f1720c1fc086ea44a755117a0c6b3d868dda8a6cb9d17c9c22713e628b +size 656005 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00077.png b/images/finance_research_report_00077.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4c9383a486e88b49b38abdba5b73a3e45279b15b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00077.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:848d6091cfd3cf81e133737f9a42dc0690ee7a5202b6ce298fb1adaf37e61602 +size 494730 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00078.png b/images/finance_research_report_00078.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8a03bc3ad8844b3973184d3937a7050402bc9f3d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00078.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:636c2d22c4d5d3a81972987e3e001dc0ac77c4d2c19233c05e4feed7b8311f69 +size 344948 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00079.png b/images/finance_research_report_00079.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f4d2ff788dc737aac9be5829bc8250504e28924a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00079.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:936a9714dbf2d0af673fddbad88fc84cb3d965ef2b97fa2d57d417d2310519b3 +size 386487 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00080.png b/images/finance_research_report_00080.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..337a2bea1f86f8279efbab4dee8ef7cc3fb7f1a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00080.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:89965099d28cb206eb9c4e57d20f35dccb1a2e3461ce97c987759ea0d9191bc8 +size 244805 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00081.png b/images/finance_research_report_00081.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4cf7790dd4d5dee253bf07b4e87ba3a7e5c01aa7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00081.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4f4bc4f045af8c7919b4a8227f9ac36a56420daf7c23fa79d6acb8208f31b624 +size 304822 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00082.png b/images/finance_research_report_00082.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b97606d0183bc1e55d5d6555c4e822dc3108a3e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00082.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4dd3d060872e2c0143f74adf484cdaa4b325fbb378aed3bf5471da41627c9c65 +size 429765 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00083.png b/images/finance_research_report_00083.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d4c532dd0116a4ee63ee1b0f6cef6258949f4790 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00083.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:274e2d4afbf39a66227d4077492ab754f5a61ea8cb71c22ebdc65091ae47b078 +size 1106477 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00084.png b/images/finance_research_report_00084.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bf7f696ed511598fe64df7355faa0df9fd713d99 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00084.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b196d82bffef06c06787efe7fba39e1dd0cf8cf826b3ac19eca2304c52587aa0 +size 398903 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00085.png b/images/finance_research_report_00085.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..34083db07585cfa2233f10501e8944a95b0c76aa --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00085.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6091923bd5dd5ae333b420f44bb3a9bbb3d90d9ea5f70cb109cb7ef946ee9816 +size 506886 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00086.png b/images/finance_research_report_00086.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9f7c297b981cb309545d874b13fee3fd8f204a05 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00086.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9d0e581f47be461fcd053ae4ddd79addb56f0328aacd9a817657b6f91b2fb641 +size 545222 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00087.png b/images/finance_research_report_00087.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..35071f96796d66eaeedf5b572070a380a40b59da --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00087.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ea3dac9afde8c93e17e41f0b59dcaeab2c8a1f9161b79bb82a8e21a0aa0e6c64 +size 755979 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00088.png b/images/finance_research_report_00088.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..942d88c1d0294a0e17bb2454208c0fe3dd162235 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00088.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:31878d4baef890a2f4d7e363fbeab8e3fe43e31862214c56ce534b2d2f9da42e +size 656521 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00089.png b/images/finance_research_report_00089.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..48e734b92cdebab11a4f6b90b29e4fd6dddfe509 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00089.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:eaf8d562261357c5054b186fda2a102ef61005f5c9df6057a7dc3ec0984728e6 +size 392503 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00090.png b/images/finance_research_report_00090.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2dfb80e056b17e02a28ff858707b298dc4509a36 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00090.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ba4a704fb2636eb87dfbf3568c4220c76427e79d3f91f18188fc9530b5c73880 +size 538398 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00091.png b/images/finance_research_report_00091.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8aae2a17a126ed854e1e5d6cd0923f8bd34d1e48 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00091.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:38cc18cd21c54ea2f7cb64893aaba458b2b514975522b3235b32d7630159fcfb +size 886057 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00092.png b/images/finance_research_report_00092.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9d695fd0739d28f22cb584d17002bdd3ced9654b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00092.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:cfcf49b9c9c6b81aa49ee5e0bcd538ee27867dbb307c9fd5010b3d8eefdefe8e +size 325919 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00093.png b/images/finance_research_report_00093.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6db1f00e2be09bfeb2095de33fced04711663bd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00093.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5faea68f8b44601c90cc606ac2c26b81617f7a546413c68256af9687c699f194 +size 725980 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00094.png b/images/finance_research_report_00094.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8d3ee7323b57971999df2dbd5846634bdb757361 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00094.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:da9e6877ac9f2836679969937ae8d1b3dec3f390cbd617efa6189f04d88e7f1c +size 757162 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00095.png b/images/finance_research_report_00095.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e439d72aa2dd7c797adcb703307b9d1d09cfcb9e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00095.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:08afe18cca6cecb698e8734061111a4de9a347afd7c527f0d3f1c5a6af6c19aa +size 430901 diff --git a/images/finance_research_report_00096.png b/images/finance_research_report_00096.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..caca1e474e93b202354acb0e211757cbaf1c26a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/finance_research_report_00096.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6901e823a143a029ffb28fb05376f5eba1faa26d62a5d33def77d1d4725f0e2c +size 368807 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00001.png b/images/legal_contract_00001.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..932a31409083bb6e95f487d6ec716a57cabeb80d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00001.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ce005369dd2f4fb77a869bc89fe9e7cd8f4b7afb862337493f76cad8fa94f218 +size 183296 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00002.png b/images/legal_contract_00002.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..19e97e6c98a62a35a5a5a4bdc7d59590575205fa --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00002.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:375d5237293ad96c148046a37332cb45dcaae78699779ad0d7d084c85c98070e +size 38895 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00003.png b/images/legal_contract_00003.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8dc153478e03df52d7b47610f0eca1babaf3cfb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00003.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1b31d3576384b4382b7b87c019779df0fa4302491dcf7cf6cc1c930d36c2531d +size 102512 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00004.png b/images/legal_contract_00004.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fc8f5cfacf1fd66c04dd7e116ff9f964d3b62042 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00004.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:515a4bb95f94f139204dec330069498ec130f641312456766d2af2961f1987f3 +size 81891 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00005.png b/images/legal_contract_00005.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..72c3014fdfdf6871689a678da6d2d17d7d5089ed --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00005.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9a3118af6816f80e24d81ab75fc0dec805674afca891e092cc40b6fff8d7d396 +size 86893 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00006.png b/images/legal_contract_00006.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..78f1d86a99f365c91b43833ff73061bc5544ef1b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00006.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:47ac1fd750cf9afcfbbcfe3a7613be31b3a5a62f7e646aa28156d54cfe119382 +size 101499 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00007.png b/images/legal_contract_00007.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2b3195920b338c51000f7e0a6ca6fda3bef98a35 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00007.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:22e69d31462bfe7e3ea0dd66fda1cbf4f0dcf720a58472288e8b0ea80f146423 +size 114222 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00008.png b/images/legal_contract_00008.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5e0e7878bcad44c96e131a90f1e06a5d85b6435f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00008.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a84d1769f99fcdae2f5aa9985258f9b7b454d9bf70da4378de7196684414afe2 +size 124264 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00009.png b/images/legal_contract_00009.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f03f283f2d8a75c73b4bbe4fb4168b679d1f7f78 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00009.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a86ac9008c740531abe4981ec73a84041c8fc1dcfa8f0eea4b130a673b5fe745 +size 122078 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00010.png b/images/legal_contract_00010.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2a3b9f0e6f3ad8bcae35d01dc4346ef407cf9b08 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00010.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6a1d5accb3a97565bc5f38bc7d7e21e64e1db2ce3c61fa0019ade7006a61e59f +size 126691 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00011.png b/images/legal_contract_00011.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..59bfe8925aad2bb6449455435ed660d3bf0f4bbc --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00011.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:89dd3e892e243dda652553a0cddbc518c9032f3af87e3d51e539a9887b6ebb1d +size 137962 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00012.png b/images/legal_contract_00012.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..442d8b50d163bd59ec3bedfa77d0b0b4df362ac9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00012.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e7aeb8e7f02acf1458466588ca940d0d1177288e2973cfdc40c60eee06aa4af2 +size 80764 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00013.png b/images/legal_contract_00013.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f20eea7afdee08f42669dc8b71fdaebcc439b4c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00013.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:80b801951decf4d67cfb65eab0becbe20c2e1ee227b896f5a15c1eb3075620da +size 108173 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00014.png b/images/legal_contract_00014.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..40e59941cb4ef21295799b9889e09f44a295158c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00014.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:00c268f5fd2668fc97e8bfd44a0b4b42fdfcfcad1e047cf5a8e4d18cbf96b464 +size 120845 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00015.png b/images/legal_contract_00015.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..71b4dd6f8b6a8f04e26a9668674cca58432ed09c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00015.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b52bdffbcaf02132c8733e17f7526b58e6f5cfec23927857bdf212e6290c4fc2 +size 167705 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00016.png b/images/legal_contract_00016.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..424da34fa6954b1831a853e627f939299915c4c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00016.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2ed377f0bf9944b46545b38ab258d13061f59d444dc55a2d393f7351d2c27c82 +size 102678 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00017.png b/images/legal_contract_00017.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..248603aa03f033646742d79168ff348d31679926 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00017.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:074a272ee364f300a0a05e88b4e8d0556e1cdb138170c29b1bca0bfae4467a67 +size 88270 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00018.png b/images/legal_contract_00018.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0e2b790f3923cd7676142e4f836070d4bb3a066d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00018.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:008a595acccd62a495bf44fbe57914d87ee959d77a6b1c911af101ec0d7afb17 +size 91945 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00019.png b/images/legal_contract_00019.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..faec8cc1127bc823ab3dea6e53cfd1b81fa936bf --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00019.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8bb3a7a9351f048c908613d3b248031d389078612543ff94b5c95b9a167e8adc +size 32231 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00020.png b/images/legal_contract_00020.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..235da7985b6925134bbb2b801b0f9ab0f88f8fc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00020.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c6300ecb714b73c4660adadd5d5d272d129eda9ecfb91c83244f908b826ed882 +size 57001 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00021.png b/images/legal_contract_00021.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9f6070089732f872148c8a8c582d6f03ee99708e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00021.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c2cc2c88a3de5278775b936a876d7359736347ee658e54ea0e04d616520da166 +size 198227 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00022.png b/images/legal_contract_00022.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ee9e0b4f9ae5b3d11dd76a18c79211c10e6cf07c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00022.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:24f2bb96bb7adabe13bdc25842f92f0998107346bc3395e71b9ad046175e5835 +size 144090 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00023.png b/images/legal_contract_00023.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5f24c93592b099ea3d8548eaa9cbd497fa20a582 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00023.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e51666026cce9256d73a012a6a0b1c91259e4e0ac170bb4cc49e746acfbe47c2 +size 144064 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00024.png b/images/legal_contract_00024.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d9187cfe658544502468445587f7b81fdad00974 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00024.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:683fb75ed2a27df8db852471bff7a1d5a256b0cffde6683aa8050b62445a1e25 +size 80266 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00025.png b/images/legal_contract_00025.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a2f6ccbf733867d6b81884fc8e941f61642bb086 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00025.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1f117c3661c6535c653cdd33ead1c16fe35668befccfa641e536a2d102110d26 +size 88501 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00026.png b/images/legal_contract_00026.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cb2f1a02a454db4515bc321fce31d982e35b8412 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00026.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:cca417b1265695ace2c5bdaa2b923bb6031ed89e030343dde5d5f1f674ead959 +size 109090 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00027.png b/images/legal_contract_00027.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f49d860d243bd96f7f6beebe7ab49c7743310df4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00027.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e7e90d2d6c12d272366044f1efd371386e985d819f54039e840fd52c1660c026 +size 69073 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00028.png b/images/legal_contract_00028.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4e2ce48be9ed752baab2510ff7f743e3cefc206c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00028.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:76a82fb55262d7b1baf9a6ceb517157a0ea5f2bcdace9082efaabf64f0c5226b +size 142360 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00029.png b/images/legal_contract_00029.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..660533e13e255b35493e6a7d273befb501efc15e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00029.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d9d4a34a6867cd296581a7d22a9be45998d99915c8d4da161825289f1bb85ea1 +size 259180 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00030.png b/images/legal_contract_00030.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..76792606bde1f8870944b17bd0379f30bdf3e3dd --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00030.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f5ea1effba8654951e1cb2191be8f93f0845e666e510004657e9b81d881edc80 +size 165376 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00031.png b/images/legal_contract_00031.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..312a3bed45567597023aa04963f81b1b309be017 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00031.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:55cf0540323d310301e44a681782993690cbc35176bb3a7987e69511039a14ad +size 48739 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00032.png b/images/legal_contract_00032.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..239400b7bd0e7583b1aa60e57d9b2523dcef0ebb --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00032.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1c285a89f45b934656cba11a320e82e361a041a62508419e01cb314fbb052da3 +size 220821 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00033.png b/images/legal_contract_00033.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dd016752a4a6c627eb9b31560fa47db0993eb32e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00033.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fe37401efdb7f283573b371fe20c42c9db26bcdd6cfbcb3b3f479a33c4a2294f +size 158301 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00034.png b/images/legal_contract_00034.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..526e1a164416890081dbb7432e24df0b1ebf1803 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00034.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b4fd882a3c6f527f34451672951b46c3ce0485032e7b76f71f0a2599d0dbd359 +size 37392 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00035.png b/images/legal_contract_00035.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9faa93162ae1b56b4bb7b799dd2491377053518b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00035.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d86546992d846610f8ace141f7a61629502a71b7a1ea05c9afbbbc9a08bf15f3 +size 150272 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00036.png b/images/legal_contract_00036.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d241cda677fbf244986934297d8d3f62fedb557b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00036.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:157f1c9a4e0ce8125508abdfd6a3d63b46da761d3acded2744cecc71c3c734a0 +size 161699 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00037.png b/images/legal_contract_00037.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..31382b01b4fb894003935eb7ea0122ca914d61e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00037.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7fb82ada362c57067ce5db379539b8d15b3c64c2d2b015e8665372cb460ceb9f +size 88962 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00038.png b/images/legal_contract_00038.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..14bd0a156ba8ab70471f9b82685657b5b4fa9c62 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00038.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0ff5be6f6fda9c025d375bfa99c85d0c4d9a66c07ea659cbab3492afd735ed33 +size 90023 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00039.png b/images/legal_contract_00039.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..837432d4b92d33dc44e5ed3a5a1137d49aa3293f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00039.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c0e7a5818624c27565e101038cb73bf05bbc87ddcca9d3d1aad73279ff28c712 +size 180790 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00040.png b/images/legal_contract_00040.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27416748a059e0a3ada3673fc93d2dd968db0595 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00040.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0aeb1bb4859d5ba6f904e274c43b8f3e8f3663da4fd5a5b4849b9adfaff87b72 +size 95384 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00041.png b/images/legal_contract_00041.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..100123c2747a649176fb64832309fc8320989d3d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00041.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6f4240c54254b39672ed054cfb9954c39e6e3abcc3d831dab6146aa163ea3a87 +size 111790 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00042.png b/images/legal_contract_00042.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c3ef381477119b20b71031bf7e02921237bd1a02 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00042.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a9d1a9e0515ee31cfce4256f2658f13a37cd39b4793c72acbe04c9c59339c07d +size 261200 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00043.png b/images/legal_contract_00043.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..48e2e7652051eb9bd1decbce9eb75ca5ea78d98f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00043.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e51c859a6dc250c1d5c647c199c15aabfdc4e887f1d50d0628e2fd4eb4e6e10f +size 216542 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00044.png b/images/legal_contract_00044.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..daba132cdffd8aec877a25ce174f0f8fb98aa8fa --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00044.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:02274c0e12f896c5633f15a11a7ff6881a37ca81a3fae69c9884ffb5f8495413 +size 133427 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00045.png b/images/legal_contract_00045.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..866793700d29977571b1669f35d90af1cea1274e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00045.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e4bae739453e7508a1a6b934204a619cb5bc1f1f2db9e94805ff2c77b5d873e7 +size 114060 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00046.png b/images/legal_contract_00046.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..41a69a20c06d1049c5322e82e395d5d55e907774 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00046.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b4501636c4a016350ea272b16f7637341e64ddf793fc12c27a0d888a690eb23c +size 135621 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00047.png b/images/legal_contract_00047.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fe17f7f0c24ea4ed1a9721bdbeb9419c85dbd20f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00047.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d5f3cc6982e82a68e70714884f7850137ee874b8ee0484fcf3b0b1943b5866f0 +size 109041 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00048.png b/images/legal_contract_00048.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f066c933d96c7453f03a042373a23ace92602ac9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00048.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ef8ca1ed8c89242cc32de6ae4449b32aba97361a978120005be34d77c341169c +size 142844 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00049.png b/images/legal_contract_00049.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..45c170169cd646180de00aad17481d7b558ac854 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00049.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7836f60681d533bdec4646b68c8e88da24f3a4fc754e92d6ff41f40a61535bab +size 143857 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00050.png b/images/legal_contract_00050.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..570765d74e651da00fed72355b53b28141c909aa --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00050.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6373499ddc24feb30457379fc2abc1dfa580c179cbd9a10f40d413d99962b4f3 +size 172187 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00051.png b/images/legal_contract_00051.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8fee06e00656d16b1c5206488f786ce86652c2f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00051.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9b89a7e448624ae31610bd469151739d73d54a390dcc4add4b4af697497d1dfc +size 131099 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00052.png b/images/legal_contract_00052.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ce4550549c4c287b233140a98adbed0ddffd7c47 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00052.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:09c7049e2397f8ed649a5e0e28c58c3c1b6bbfb35d430f0813c1de57729192be +size 255131 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00053.png b/images/legal_contract_00053.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b918669426d2c3e62c6bb213d66cf043554ec266 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00053.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fb77c76de6b91c840b414f2a9c082d16c7daa5ad4c7b22f78745f4928f2ecbc9 +size 152445 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00054.png b/images/legal_contract_00054.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..160e2b822be4b1d4f70a1ad27a72cd646cfa1dd4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00054.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1ec6ea071d5d24dd38d92e6512021f4bdae72408feb2693dc515e5988094a923 +size 143604 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00055.png b/images/legal_contract_00055.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..73f755d57e20e4704c1cf79838e9de4133577582 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00055.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:aaa15412458e9dd5c891f8655150b558a212ed7459189106de92fe0b2ca66ee7 +size 38305 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00056.png b/images/legal_contract_00056.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..25702f0f0d82ec10e7026cbc9ac5b774e0682791 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00056.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:dfe14ca7de4db388f66536a41cc1391526d52949f86d9cd7bfdda78120198885 +size 235518 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00057.png b/images/legal_contract_00057.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c493d2a015e327fb2c8f16dc2a29ba90058d296c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00057.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:07136b1a69647588cd6edbf4fd95f0f36ca7c6d4e761321cdc911944f5165c84 +size 115508 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00058.png b/images/legal_contract_00058.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c6a83560ef4cdaf3087c74402a967f7a31910e88 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00058.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e5e5a67917c20330f4176cb9e9c0f4ae585212601aa4dab83db5fe9157c6f63b +size 99549 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00059.png b/images/legal_contract_00059.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b5965320d798f69bf1851d7c954ec6128ffd8825 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00059.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c07f30eb618740fb3c0e26ec0baeef5e79f51fd2a99c555e84830b264e7d2167 +size 102941 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00060.png b/images/legal_contract_00060.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..67a060c8d9ecacee0b7b8ef32b9760551fab7952 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00060.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ba48b645343840b37bbd8e2e9ecd4e0e740b1f499b5db64c30b4963dcbb7eee0 +size 76151 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00061.png b/images/legal_contract_00061.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..11692447502208f7f61b4028aaa0d1346f42b97c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00061.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0427d7a6d365800ad0f404784c0b240898da7e0af0fc6126fbb9d197348f9506 +size 110729 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00062.png b/images/legal_contract_00062.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..384e1243538feefff0266ded8b42263fd7a1edb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00062.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:faadf9105b5b649e5ed896fce9442e899f49fa9f0c99e2a6d5c308fbcfeecee1 +size 187469 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00063.png b/images/legal_contract_00063.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d6a007fb644e6956ff341772f02eb9a67d84e7ce --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00063.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:67d6957b4a14e1e426a2f91a2f7d3a5596dfaf704654c3088558a3e21b93b2ec +size 297888 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00064.png b/images/legal_contract_00064.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6b8fa7c2f0de0f5b011bdb72bd7a29b4784c2d11 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00064.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b418495d96a167459a7b901e027738da0318c0aac201103ff40c9e96ea14516b +size 178333 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00065.png b/images/legal_contract_00065.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aa6607f367e85928ee256d9df66c5bd976c4ed7f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00065.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9abd7bdb85f1f60e07a9b2dc76871fe999d6db2984667c533b449c67ef8f84f7 +size 281630 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00066.png b/images/legal_contract_00066.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..054115e5183928d593c3c0886c4d7749808f369c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00066.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4feed4be3a5ef1e1da5df86f05738b7639401fccfe59e9b9106b5618c3b4ac3e +size 257194 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00067.png b/images/legal_contract_00067.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5d4bde09e89d998f8a4ec0830285c01b20917a12 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00067.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4a5ac914a24fb65f3ba78447863a8862b5ac69b592fae184f8eb70adeea81018 +size 145371 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00068.png b/images/legal_contract_00068.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4f590f78873a4360cc6d675d9a2411d0a431e263 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00068.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0033cde2caaa3cc4160b6a78b18de44838cef44667dff3c140ad85eef9307191 +size 158254 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00069.png b/images/legal_contract_00069.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e6f923b91757db0be6505564bc8b3f3f859ca532 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00069.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c16f3ce8af6da54280c587a14c4c380b1af64899384c74ea5c529bbdb51e7bfe +size 135608 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00070.png b/images/legal_contract_00070.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3788a28565a0aa3112e0f7788c38d5dbe9d726c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00070.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7a501e9cada783b54963041dc97d84f98852fba844f3317b8609fa2de88fedd4 +size 131852 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00071.png b/images/legal_contract_00071.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65c68e92601a79075bf4c07fe6611d28bbde852a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00071.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:556d822085e17c22ecb923c0d5df961c49823c39c969d3dbec9b1f7590a6bf60 +size 113900 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00072.png b/images/legal_contract_00072.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cbc5b676890f5b784464f9a906b925c62b677e4b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00072.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6a3097b38ad06e560f65b43597b7ea44082971879e60877f7c034b20c3d0576c +size 222319 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00073.png b/images/legal_contract_00073.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e97758b1b68a2732eb83e9fb2c7efbf75d83dd2f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00073.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:110bbbbc071ea3a5fcb86d29e7d0ed88973fc7ba8256f3242490fc20f53c44ee +size 195117 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00074.png b/images/legal_contract_00074.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..381bda3d6b4c2fa5c34340677a2ec068207c9a28 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00074.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:39929e6e770c2de5f716bcd003da3dde938f0935a96a2d741e5bd1663a99ef3c +size 184441 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00075.png b/images/legal_contract_00075.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9951d28ee11a89e83ffca7c39fcb460485d2200b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00075.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:28e4bfbc3c526d33c368191230c188de18a246fc9975bad39328dd036bca9509 +size 125275 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00076.png b/images/legal_contract_00076.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..561399be06f0ef9c0a4d4924c2374f3f26e65f45 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00076.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:78832927512bbfd68d4e3c56b7d58bd9b743e7f02ea6613352e4898eeaea24d4 +size 166183 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00077.png b/images/legal_contract_00077.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5ea290671a274139fbef3fb896d43e67d50fad48 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00077.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5ab907f4b5224b2ec6e56d5edfd93780f43282dc2bc40ae110c1b14875344183 +size 45698 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00078.png b/images/legal_contract_00078.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..02517c6caba3baec25576785da5d690ca3910ac7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00078.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7776c69a21d6fd998fd5bcf3d3f2fad790daa710469510a6ab1c6e7a7d69173a +size 217575 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00079.png b/images/legal_contract_00079.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..15ba7bd380fbe8bb353c7032e74a73f363fb0976 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00079.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2a36016c5ab5a006653611f88f7fc5667f51b6d3dcab00bf509a118cbfd0e569 +size 125687 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00080.png b/images/legal_contract_00080.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a37f2916438becd3f158b629dd60b70159e88332 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00080.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d2fb71650b0a4f7473b2d65e4b2ff0121875c210dd2e9b842ba10d65a9de71c6 +size 212331 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00081.png b/images/legal_contract_00081.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5e5ec36ffa6953b6c97f63cd251cacea00508ae1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00081.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:809863ff191969b7ddd844cfae62edac59abd81f23104c4e3ff30774e59d600b +size 185956 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00082.png b/images/legal_contract_00082.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c8abd39f9fa6234e1c363a786b222c9de1d7da0d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00082.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2263c798d9e1564c8cf9ab3d6394e4ff7c30c386b0b825428246da1646115ebe +size 148962 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00083.png b/images/legal_contract_00083.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0fafcfd1bab728340f815515be4b932c36d7815e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00083.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0356bcd224cbf7f93570fc1fd451e7e37d4aaf718a3b84c1ad70892707dd7d88 +size 161529 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00084.png b/images/legal_contract_00084.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a270e9c7baf96207c6e199b5cdc181b8a87dd27d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00084.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b752d7ebd1adbbfe183921711919ac743b1589704d1a088272c2bbbf1cc1f582 +size 128631 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00085.png b/images/legal_contract_00085.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..007b3be02d336361723ca165a25c93624c1a2aba --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00085.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fd47c05cc40b0e94070b5869fb9d084192a39f3b010f6a768193398d6f43d72d +size 107974 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00086.png b/images/legal_contract_00086.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a0fee9d2231b57908b8125f00f0da21068569218 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00086.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d36cca91ed08e8da6c568577ec83cec0d3045b98cebd91a0596ae72604ad450d +size 180613 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00087.png b/images/legal_contract_00087.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0071be9dc637cc27920fa2516827be04a7df9477 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00087.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:506a89eb7d30f0921708a26eabbac89e34a78a3e06f2eb03229002fff720850f +size 219777 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00088.png b/images/legal_contract_00088.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fca73919e371d5e88775f553da70af027db668ac --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00088.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:937cef8f69eed1c12be5eddc838f373c5b6cfd4fb38da68c4b8ce19f44062655 +size 226272 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00089.png b/images/legal_contract_00089.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0e1e4c7d90cfc57ea13cf87d29c14319ee65676e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00089.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8c78474aa6f5209b67943c20d30ab6a782a410b7b2ff147f4d97eef392ec4bbc +size 155656 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00090.png b/images/legal_contract_00090.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8b0b94c3e805491e4c0c29ca7be3192e48902e1d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00090.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f49d890bc4b05ae0aaa81bbf5e44bb4754c114e2e411e6dcbf1e6e77cc0d3f3e +size 213184 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00091.png b/images/legal_contract_00091.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..22cf6a9474a2153558f786e7d123810333e74ac7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00091.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:bfd77b93b7d0c335da87ceb10864d39628d6e3977cde9e48542534056c7ac55f +size 17296 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00092.png b/images/legal_contract_00092.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c2d4a5bf1eb28949a74369b3eab68773df471740 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00092.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b8ccf56904d3dcc64b2a30a2e59bc7e34d65cd9fcdad6b448830fa9764a78f23 +size 196910 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00093.png b/images/legal_contract_00093.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6806dfb091e2115039f9f4e83f6e75da89ba5bf5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00093.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:38f721ae35ec3f345edcb848f03a0816e0c9b1dea201eb27dbf86309530c458a +size 223577 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00094.png b/images/legal_contract_00094.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..63f3805845fa1ef31012531bda3aded69d8067b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00094.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f9142fccf4701c5cac727c55d9edf55b2e44fc60765f55d8077b23993a736ae2 +size 71536 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00095.png b/images/legal_contract_00095.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f92521c964b2ad43708efbb2f760f1ecb65320ab --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00095.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c8a841cb5ed8952a5489a518ae113874d866a42e0db18b1384a08f144d531511 +size 45260 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00096.png b/images/legal_contract_00096.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f08e6a258c3ca44c3784a6a196c8446c4314d5bc --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00096.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3f03f6f6934e07c085feb91ca14cbce976ce8826b6e8a95f664bbe62bc5f81d4 +size 103448 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00097.png b/images/legal_contract_00097.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..409779c2853ac38a61cbfbb0188d74d1ab650264 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00097.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4a11fa9adbbdcc4f909c992a3adb568e34b84671993de8b6d8fbadbf9b2486f8 +size 133278 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00098.png b/images/legal_contract_00098.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1f2cdd04ebbadb051a7604feccef3af6da33d3b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00098.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:300197e9f0bf840164876c3a7560383459c019bc641d536e7684af75c931819f +size 273624 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00099.png b/images/legal_contract_00099.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5b99624cf2e34f9e107f39d12e4e8339e4c6ae97 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00099.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5e1c57227e7c0cbdb1c1f93403eb80eec5b5b5df8f75f0c625eadcbd4d5e9324 +size 175393 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00100.png b/images/legal_contract_00100.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..356c902d9303be168cc0a6a9816be624f8ee2424 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00100.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:96487b8130467a2ebd4c20c15be492428d2cab9201d006ef9f2b93fd7cc3b26f +size 76192 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00101.png b/images/legal_contract_00101.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b2fdbc6fd3e1799269aad37f1a3c0a515aebd82b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00101.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e01494f03bad3f6307f4ba5f93a48b935e7647c7a58b20dcf7887d5a4278f177 +size 127662 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00102.png b/images/legal_contract_00102.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e4496594207d4377875b6938a53f3f19b62825b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00102.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:cd5637292da4f83d806018293904b757279450716af30d02cd28ffb671e6a752 +size 102514 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00103.png b/images/legal_contract_00103.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9dd0924aa4ad9bb1ea9ef5a12e62abb21c89398b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00103.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fa79e2b0dc55fc6e8cd052e40876a4c8a84e80ff4d2ba5ab9af02751fd6bb721 +size 3175886 diff --git a/images/legal_contract_00104.png b/images/legal_contract_00104.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ef900d37dedbfde9230e72d5a71299f91bf09953 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_contract_00104.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7bebe267aa486b155216a44388f5f205d12cfa3f67f2670e8846087b58651a57 +size 222481 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00001.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00001.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a7fd798c46fcf3a3f1e899a63603127602cdc585 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00001.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9269dba7b4340035b195726ed73cdfca5140e3380bdb2eac8be8d311916363a7 +size 117774 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00002.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00002.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fe223b90b713834f5e306fd941afa8848b729b80 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00002.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7b711171e48073d205d32e9a8d8ac137b735024630a23948e1d5e34cd9df9c6b +size 26119 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00003.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00003.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1341c32fcde1cc928b7e3b4ac522b4abb4d87db9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00003.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:04c2877ae980b6d47b53420eaa6a113a3629ed486edeef3ff3d283f0b7a5bb6e +size 90179 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00004.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00004.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..282c45e7b2621249d8c81ce2433b5c2b4b92863b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00004.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:903547a85fa4a9c007c47afa2f612aaa77fccfc92a4f391f0f07dc27e7587649 +size 70776 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00005.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00005.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9b55d6e53a9ab87c916c496f3e796cbc79d0a389 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00005.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:748363ef309001e912bcc537d97ef467c5a65ecbe36c818790b25ff4e42cb8bf +size 111319 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00006.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00006.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..844786830e30e20b2f7ac1883cb27d6baff5ced0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00006.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4043bce05972bc5e51a61dc803acdc5eaaf733e1f443c7b8db2683a77f5c3265 +size 83949 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00007.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00007.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5acc75a6ba0132fc1d95b1c6cfdf8a445502362b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00007.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4f086c54d7da56a3959c24a4425dea0446ec176ce3c9bc4fbaa2a16ee6fd5037 +size 53840 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00008.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00008.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9853d384739dc4d3e22323792d557d63434cd817 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00008.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d12e82d85944f5f530ebf7c18c66775aee58e5d032bd52a47dab8632a97a6d09 +size 228196 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00009.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00009.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f4e16e1f4c2f2b2b56909403839f2847335fbc7b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00009.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:20712b8ee74eb956497482aac831003c305be5b695c13535af487a0b83dd4b81 +size 82538 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00010.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00010.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..50db5216af11bc83be7884b82f0bc8bcb9991dd7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00010.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1a8ab8b0721c5cc489675418c9342e989fcb71f65dcf1898878055f5a813dea8 +size 79583 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00011.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00011.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a1ead6e2291e5a22c721de8467d073b1b70b7b47 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00011.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:819e329a4c1f0d84ad2736d84fa98bd36caf5dea781511c890d1134928bbcbaa +size 70976 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00012.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00012.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3602048840461ed9f55f5251d7b30d45d2a0097e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00012.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3cf742ab1a9478f9c541cb854e7d35d9f0613db65d9b14e2c72eb941f80e554e +size 46003 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00013.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00013.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4604868bf5449197df713ba8a1b0d00ed2d27acf --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00013.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:80da73ff53cb1961f99ff181bd725fbbce091c86f59ef9e04420b3955e230be4 +size 101160 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00014.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00014.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..62eec6b1552a3132cf28fe77dcab441042482afc --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00014.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:63da0428be45ac4ef094f5c227fcf9f1f0d1819b00d8eafb9da916217aefb354 +size 23451 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00015.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00015.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ac44870fd3bc1c97c70237e035ea000ce48bd185 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00015.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:246db4330c35d67c58c21388ade22ca835ae7efee2c60a088d6c4e3115f11509 +size 115265 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00016.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00016.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6749d5bed194bf0512c6f107056d56b4fa37f765 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00016.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2526562ced490053542d5c26fb5c018598b855d1da376d9fa073416eb8a40551 +size 117807 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00017.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00017.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2752414274386cbc394d17262ad1bdf989b0361d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00017.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7bfaa38063c2bfb7a5c603ca2838ce1568997d7f1264cb2c115c1ed94ca893e2 +size 144617 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00018.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00018.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f786c1289707a1cc4e86ef3ad063b000c1405a48 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00018.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8d8753155ae5ffcfa4e338d5783267bf89824a7be7780dd2a9bcae7a479919e0 +size 142043 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00019.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00019.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..19902df1259009b7fda32d1ea505dc33f6e17907 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00019.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:108c1c20bdc8975ad7a0e74f2cd4b24e289924951f05835757a3562995507e72 +size 241426 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00020.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00020.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..abe63b3b51d77cb9be4a92e8de34b864673fe29d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00020.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8034235952bd63d3f207a90b0aa9631cc6a5a40c56ea89accf6b4329416ab230 +size 244767 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00021.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00021.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b6ca3cc42dc9f939ad5f1d8adf59a9eb2184abed --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00021.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9265aaaf3ed93d2bfcced665a7b7b71e1c2ec55f51c19406a04a4f90e09d6b52 +size 256919 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00022.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00022.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0f2bfcdcf139162098036c8ecf7ea0926abe1be9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00022.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:df68f80d32c03463e874caabb6b55d8142786ffce37b80b9af2049a7d763b1ff +size 70930 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00023.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00023.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..08d6eb981e0c6c56657593b63ea76c0f52a7e842 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00023.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d030670f4bcf3d7002d0da091ab119be0aa182a01cd1b2a696821d1a66000dd9 +size 105740 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00024.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00024.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6acba2f3740ad6615a7b6cbd2203228bd4bf9a24 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00024.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:663fad69465917fa32c7254ea05b5056c6b56b47b5e131cb1d512dc2511f09d6 +size 56195 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00025.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00025.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..310a0c26e05bb75681e602011f43188a1ad7dd63 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00025.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8014c2cf72f3134fb3af2ec3989dea95f3301952c55715fa5dab0d1fc7156bd7 +size 107133 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00026.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00026.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..609d914ffaa20108836fed7aafb143447a297ed5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00026.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1ff2f147b3aedca68a4dc2e778ae6c6ca2b05e594c89703359d3209ed1a76199 +size 21445 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00027.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00027.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..01d86df0b2e1687eb311ab920d0f577e41374265 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00027.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f91153c022a4b4874d1b5182dc78153451429a127e7b4acc54739e0ef56a8f13 +size 50014 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00028.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00028.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6ccc5faabf64b7d9f744d170eef048db3a0c6637 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00028.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:af6ad55a70e7b1bc59c76aca12c29d4eac686d043f915faf1395784b10dbab63 +size 22230 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00029.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00029.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..284ce7f96b6cef1727e34bbf7731b8d1024f0eb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00029.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4d19d8562946d713d4338139b8ff5338eea586c5e3c0a4b3fd83a8c7ae472267 +size 106474 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00030.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00030.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c7efccbc091938831c8550159e1c27aa748e38d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00030.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c015666c17b3ff3156c530cd3a32ffdba27da21fa295bbd91c7830470cca158b +size 110184 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00031.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00031.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1e76b217161be4ac08bdf6a11573ee897a01fb33 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00031.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b20ab45d510641a9e669eca3b28cc4c837ff5811871a8df9507d43ec05d31709 +size 114942 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00032.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00032.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..42b03e3bc29414e66298034a5646270d43bfbcdc --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00032.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b0223aa81e8eec2800082506d65f761a928fc50c30f9a5983e516c38eba947bf +size 58585 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00033.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00033.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1441fa3bc1e0039ef700847669cba712584b69aa --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00033.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3a0bfb57bc76c5301c696385aaae327d0467752f1c03f4cd08a6134edd9e05c2 +size 96209 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00034.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00034.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..892001fea2fd695218382fccbd860ff34531e0c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00034.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3cba4dbd6d14047d3e14d796b505fabac6bd0d5cdc6ce48afcf1e83f38b56978 +size 68817 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00035.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00035.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..711b608931ea32a8dea4979aebfc81bad4fdbf85 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00035.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a6dc5e27897e3a1fd91ff9bab5e1b4ee227475bb4e23dee398fcbbea4517bcee +size 68714 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00036.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00036.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2bfdb035fcd4401c9f4cada469c1a48a4d09dda5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00036.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c24d94666333a2afc2fd2f5f4809cdb72a84fd77be7c2ab0c45e8a8719995d46 +size 110352 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00037.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00037.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3d30c00b6b4147fbb25fae77414f8bfa7db2de1e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00037.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6c8ac5bcaafc7d09259c8433fd73fe84ca121bcdc20a6c320501cded1d26b4a8 +size 80887 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00038.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00038.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b2193eb4ea05041e573aee94bd19b245d7995dd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00038.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7791f585d1810a2beb278298913de2bd72088e9418b3b722b2a9a5520e29608d +size 64128 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00039.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00039.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3a770e7daf5faf81c804e98f416726816dc378d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00039.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1fa69063f91d15fc55c0e9d96158068dfb4af4f0b9b64a69e4f8f100ffcc8a87 +size 75587 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00040.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00040.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0631694d1cdbbd62952ff90f4527b2141744023e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00040.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2052763db287824712315ad958b33b8b7cd4da3e397cca0cc10036178de4366e +size 251416 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00041.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00041.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1371b4e7a74bd955f937e114a621bd9d922f9396 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00041.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9c5698906731835f502ff05d7abf562036051721e6b1b1cfe0725af44b9e4d2e +size 58046 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00042.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00042.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fa49176189d4898abd5b28524b1f01514a66bf19 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00042.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c4d5f56816d9b1e7d23a2228d3936bae60446d8c419bf2aa744cce7a50d8c868 +size 53448 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00043.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00043.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ed92c38cdebe5780df3fdb817418a6b22a8998d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00043.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c3fc0d89d778ab6c11472c0cae7b8ab4b4a460434885caebaf7c19aba0ec53ed +size 48802 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00044.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00044.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5220ef79df7f758e18e93c9bea346e6911b6be02 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00044.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:94de1c443c1e561ed1b7eaae47bc03b6cddbf58c332a59a004a26a54f5149142 +size 87163 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00045.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00045.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0fc394ac3bfbe0be5c4e49ccf89303ed315cc8a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00045.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1e22bc33402ead19816df49660e496c6198eac7319ec137a1e2fa31a81d632ec +size 86808 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00046.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00046.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..21135ce95652c155f365c0855855542ff9d559b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00046.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e2b6fa409dd2a672569e89a94b2f9cda94862109ae99141ff8b7e03b79438c6d +size 72039 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00047.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00047.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..50df908ed0f14fbb276005ea107a7e841585128f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00047.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:66dad1305862590274df8d047cfdf4744be560645d08c80b0e1299447e97f264 +size 205982 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00048.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00048.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ec13ba97a9f88dab82581ac7294b96bbd3fb5fab --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00048.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ad4547c89336cb314c5f24a8a8e6eba0b7c68369fda13b95173b1d851ddf3840 +size 113232 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00049.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00049.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43f31b0446b093a57a038c3b3e3816d9407f759d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00049.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f155a7a4c43f618b41caa5752fecfa2835aef0a44915a924e867eee89afc8704 +size 241818 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00050.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00050.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d9ff4652c29e76b3e6f4d8ef4afbb612966521e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00050.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b7ecde98b2927dc65cc8368bc5a3cacf2a2cf2cd7e3d07b0f6d89d34948aa743 +size 121322 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00051.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00051.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1c4ad78844fc8b88d290064431981b2c04643db8 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00051.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:57e43e89441be654924a5ae4930838f2bc31b1bae4f72f4c071c8a6cb51cc902 +size 91394 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00052.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00052.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3b9b8856398a89ad3b15c2a46a7ccb184346ad14 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00052.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8c9ddb02ef2af65a5c7e3c5c25e19a983b978498d1b8b8d5ca7b9f9b1f811776 +size 92137 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00053.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00053.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f4b0a5e4bce9251de57a159644c8f38ada3796a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00053.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:382de23c20f7eeb05fe19af2fa8d86a11f4988fd1f95f6502470be847b4ba725 +size 106707 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00054.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00054.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c4ad0bca5a10462001980b1a2a8beaa093f047e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00054.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f8b0783b2fc7aa91964ec79b67035693f2367bc192751ec80c4b96438ae9b0c2 +size 82805 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00055.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00055.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..abaac42b8748d3d7ab1a05e49964b1132874f5a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00055.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:193772da08d28e8b073e7daf532a74c7cc1d706e10ecf1fec9b84e7330dd3316 +size 95852 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00056.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00056.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..86f6e4be1adebbf73b19306fef8c515fed397078 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00056.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5c187c5e548801096c4086158aa774e7dd89afc305b7a104471dabd3da5c3026 +size 80907 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00057.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00057.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dad5d2020031dd65187514782497308051727a05 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00057.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:16459dafecd31c998ae216863829bd01a4f759cab3e50b7f8010614123d34355 +size 201285 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00058.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00058.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c85a9ff585b28eb5d525009dadb1cc7b02c61c3d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00058.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c2da931d940f539f3f937f5996e6af299b7826eb51329c811c63043338be917e +size 97619 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00059.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00059.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ac62de482238ca27e2f84bb7ebb159396486fedf --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00059.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ded33b9dfa72f86b324d2c5e75e4382d1cc7759989e552bc6a486e6dc8a1d66d +size 85757 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00060.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00060.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..37b25802782b963a2dd08a4076da05499a3e7b69 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00060.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d3078c5d91436576f0b624755faead4fe76374ff760865464cd7c60364f11723 +size 64011 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00061.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00061.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..346cd62c7e5bf0261f4894fe6ed9cbc5446c4fce --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00061.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3f4142a2b16b58215528c855f1a2acfa7e5d3c18d1cd92979fa2f8b74b774784 +size 76300 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00062.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00062.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6d0eb0ed083395d58d241ed51fe11bdc5bde6d2c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00062.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0a8d91743131134302471b80009a49bf15f5a5c31a9e7c4b41ecc62f3aec6b18 +size 71369 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00063.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00063.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ef19b3af1171091d69dbf6546ea7b8a141ba12b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00063.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a04a131224e44766046c7ab12af622f22665fabec7844a7aaeab135dc03ff387 +size 82048 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00064.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00064.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d5a5e259e173b4bd8acb0c3e27f3fd747858c8f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00064.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7a3e6639d0dda89f552211d96839fa2c5e335086d4f4aaf93caf666545646bac +size 53288 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00065.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00065.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..648209482cc4e531565ba4b448c4d30d5d114190 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00065.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fb9f8012a1668851a38d0464480d9edb0d3f52537261732af790009959b201a7 +size 82202 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00066.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00066.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..83a8a28fb1187be1674c718b098ed09fca885c2b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00066.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:76fc161c5e576b3530293ac65bcb9160587932e261dfa6a526224a7a37f88b53 +size 120373 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00067.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00067.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f786c1289707a1cc4e86ef3ad063b000c1405a48 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00067.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8d8753155ae5ffcfa4e338d5783267bf89824a7be7780dd2a9bcae7a479919e0 +size 142043 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00068.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00068.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f192fc95e2cd0b2dfaae7b80dafe4b1091d60c24 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00068.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:173d85a62995886e0cee9b3a7600c25e615a43d0792fcdb0916dd3c21cab739d +size 72547 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00069.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00069.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1ae7fa39ae778fda2f0e4bda984d071b248beb7e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00069.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3936c68c880a50d28015c4b7edfc3e52533f3b19b87f06ab01136a413c89422a +size 285925 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00070.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00070.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cb67980459cd3573ed651cdb1f2a61ee494674aa --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00070.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0a51fd8c7052c69e8293761847e92380dfb70b5ccb5afd924d9768d143e5916b +size 387022 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00071.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00071.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a4fa848cdae0d9ddc16d01c45c274de84e31ef3e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00071.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:845e438fa51cfeb3554e79b331006b293ea10abdc40149d2b043f08d5bb18d39 +size 224528 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00072.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00072.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..af29638dd00156ed7bda3a7b32675de325705c38 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00072.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c074f409a020e21b249cacded54b1debb74f2401bdb326de4d8c8fa85c0cc8f5 +size 293359 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00073.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00073.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9605f14293724a1fe2dcae098e099973bc2fea47 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00073.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ce25879c5e52d4f44e442578a3a0af96a7555415b9d95abeab5678adf87c92ea +size 229089 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00074.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00074.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bd33e7a66d7e620ce26da1d4e619d44a44294214 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00074.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e7fdd911e584e710ea9cca1053d97a8ad29b6678d53519a85f58cfe7badc94a0 +size 59322 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00075.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00075.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3c7df40d14df4fbf0207deb97d90b51bb9ad6a07 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00075.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1ae96aa35071b2ac8758a22df8197ab58c50b56fd9a86beafdc1d90297d3c9a2 +size 79853 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00076.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00076.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..94d3703819da441a5908f90811cda85832dac918 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00076.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4a1c500972803fa4bccd53f1dfecac82ae6d59952652b32e8f72618fade50fb1 +size 69431 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00077.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00077.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c8877cc9e810a43be886391c199816f536e58e24 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00077.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:694fbdb4c4eb081e899e68626c4ef5dc59c3395119ed12febd73ea8b4dda5a08 +size 279616 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00078.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00078.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..be45b6dce10e0d54c54320ab745da5afaa67cdf2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00078.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c663380e8f7d6ece6271ce85ac5d1e2465291823e1225ec5be01c0b63ce7a448 +size 84556 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00079.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00079.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6badb509ff5691b83ffadfa0b18ed71132a284ed --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00079.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:593748c223d0c8759b0644d274d9b284da62175aa5cae40c8720b65f66dadf65 +size 88186 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00080.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00080.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a09d15cafdace10a008f875c63bef01cb2e5551f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00080.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d763b7471f531f4814a7e762daeef5b7dea09ca09d4cc27c867b61ff0dbcb1e8 +size 35017 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00081.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00081.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ba8f57a4e0b1f4088b4a4c08b6ec6694ad97b132 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00081.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:cd1d2289e298f919f515c98e4b109ba2504f883dd1d4eb8042d79e88f7ecd16c +size 104847 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00082.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00082.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..080d5d55124c89ac3d5ce85c5cbee980e2d6bd9c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00082.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:192622e5515e8ef4d1d83144fdef5e8c3dbb4e66144835669f627a846a1355f9 +size 90604 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00083.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00083.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e44a708899c2c0cdbe7f4187a4c380f47b1ec9a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00083.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:89f5b8ac063823fcd0ce96da4c386fe8979fd52da64b718ec50315acc80c1ea9 +size 90397 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00084.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00084.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..460d1b6f284fc2d173fe59a713ab930e94958e54 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00084.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:404778f167d36c103d4f2bcffea21e6fbd940033514e8e92b38b9f3c5b9eadd3 +size 102828 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00085.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00085.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6402c75bea3407393091bc93b00b46e783c08b23 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00085.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fb3df0fc76604ada8225016215d838441ae070b12374460002495ad29930cde1 +size 83325 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00086.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00086.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2d9285a1ea116e8e69e5bcc929f926247ac71d0d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00086.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0e4f824416e35371f929b803ae2306791146ddeb2dee6983396fccb892a9e0a9 +size 104824 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00087.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00087.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0f6395685a2b3a39f0853e424dcc0d65d502fe30 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00087.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:454c98649101f4acb2ba3e4610cb6003f80abe6b5f77e3a2021dee565140a860 +size 96360 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00088.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00088.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ba226acdee8cf39f0d01005fe2099cdf4e45462e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00088.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2dc33e91e2956943884ae8a756f9cc8725a75792e8425ea849c94fd656e72f30 +size 130989 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00089.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00089.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b2d2e0a7fcbbc655da496a40ff815ed1616a5296 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00089.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6dfa56ab0b36681362b5a0e6bba0f18b3222d1891243f38b1a85cfb933adc6a8 +size 122875 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00090.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00090.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f3d6a57d1248c52a5dfb51369c6ab9ddcd35aab3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00090.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:62e798718abab25cdcf4d1eacc13f4b0fe100d46b7154895fcf65dc96336cb3b +size 91819 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00091.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00091.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8485b432b31c34ff52963771e2b3004c72e85f29 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00091.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:559f42ea24df1b3e82c7e2181e484d6ad59208dec09df7e9ad2edc1502eae0cd +size 124624 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00092.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00092.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fd1520a4f1ba2ed0ed26742620599bcc4d16535b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00092.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a59bf209f50d79d100f459c73f52b0532bd2b2fb3243e31556212d8bd4b2ae67 +size 105041 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00093.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00093.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bac8a2ae0a3e32aba185c07a016b22a154cb2e05 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00093.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:49c53d168ac76dfb9939fa263eedabfad2abc528f0166dc944c6babe7ff8894f +size 117245 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00094.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00094.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e9a5e1d10e8a4ee9afb251d1479567f814c8d00b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00094.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:02012eff80d96b6af19732ca87aaeb77e1eda4116f3913e9c44ae7687a358acb +size 120737 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00095.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00095.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3bc17a73901ae12c9d25ab6036db34382a145d53 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00095.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fa82231fabf816ea7aa89da50a749b08943c6fa7723a6db92852e0c2edaddc4c +size 117903 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00096.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00096.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5b18403bbf4b52c69ec42b2a8a469a9ba60075ae --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00096.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:226aff1ca760d3263e7e0f3588539d757a76a33b6cc9f3442a3f200a06ca604b +size 141026 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00097.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00097.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..be8bea5272bc1ddf9e61670b3f15787d0cbffb92 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00097.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9d705a205c1e8f5c0e0c3f37f375a946607b0eaeeaa9415f9ec3f89b4ce8f3fe +size 111233 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00098.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00098.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..15eae60cddbce1842186d3ee056bca1ef1b2bc42 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00098.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:33efd55a668e188d78f3eb261e07cae770d72d94f5c87f026d02c05172aa5ddf +size 22862 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00099.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00099.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..68018be8120e059c4b9359be2bf10ce842a08054 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00099.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:388490a4785fbb77c53f358fb8b87b2f66bd62c4d7ff5da6ffba8b1d68365998 +size 92226 diff --git a/images/legal_legal_provision_00100.png b/images/legal_legal_provision_00100.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..36f9e96c7864d8825a15373cd1930460c1d71fb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_legal_provision_00100.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:96320f17ba5c48c7fee194fe93227226e02b7e86b8f320f292a7e4e06752b0e5 +size 61959 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00001.png b/images/legal_standard_00001.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a2a62b6697bda19b7ab5c36a435b219a0e24b268 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00001.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:06c12207fdc3feb6ed0129bff98f2efe60214446701d3ac0dcd3b63bd7f4f3db +size 33652 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00002.png b/images/legal_standard_00002.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fa0092ce45ecb1be81dfef23b4d23cb0d58e7da2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00002.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a2c5d3d15013960cdf595a0527dbc03deed9c2b51d011797b414ba40f2268a89 +size 40115 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00003.png b/images/legal_standard_00003.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..66e4c577a425055ea8d7fe7a6fd892f0a1fae2af --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00003.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f09f321e40867fd0a88c6a2f7ee7fbd857487a51a69fd570ab1f98540f492a7a +size 33782 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00004.png b/images/legal_standard_00004.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0a3bdeaabb8380495fc3703c984eeb2790f11e92 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00004.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a0e0cb446a75500dd176ae0f9b2c374b9b9f089c29e24173c98c1dc97e9bf660 +size 57321 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00005.png b/images/legal_standard_00005.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..168b61941c50d4df9e855c68fee9ba560eb9d7a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00005.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7afe890aef22266ae6d1bc6a79441ea4caf53a2c891253c172a3ade83246d0df +size 39102 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00006.png b/images/legal_standard_00006.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..68198f44b0351bd17f0fb2c7aae64f551526b074 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00006.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9d6ab8008619433ae4803ab8fd97e5076cf0d0a4766790c0a5e78e12388a1ea5 +size 83733 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00007.png b/images/legal_standard_00007.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e7de6ee8bc38153f18cf9662a12cf801fa9ab121 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00007.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e6aa3da1b942a86f8bda32cd2698f43c56678ad4a6715ba279bc964c8689d84a +size 74259 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00008.png b/images/legal_standard_00008.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d3861f6dcdc71aef41686c4c0e6f3b4b39c0217b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00008.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f5505d587750af96030954d2b5c8e3ed24e27ae68edad0c982ed56c847502512 +size 49923 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00009.png b/images/legal_standard_00009.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cb3142d1881ce453ccbee8e2677c6bbcfb94290f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00009.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:dda77916e0e048edfc608e94daca81a4a157f3c1c8e7a86b1b670a5dba6c7a7c +size 64919 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00010.png b/images/legal_standard_00010.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c24840e0e23982e40bf42e9c0537cd4086013971 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00010.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:baa5d795c483eeb248d16ab4a61d497f1945f8dd653ceffc4c5498c386af935f +size 166857 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00011.png b/images/legal_standard_00011.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..32834dc26d4d39a449a74317695198cc1791f596 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00011.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:49711cfdff75afb16f0072f2ab44092427de30ff7d1a09f27b7836a661adbb46 +size 153593 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00012.png b/images/legal_standard_00012.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dcb825ccb2a4583435108c1b18f6be1c7ac237c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00012.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3525ef9a01277e4df4cf0ecfe922ada0664a6a854e2d8b929314e30ff5b0293d +size 28050 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00013.png b/images/legal_standard_00013.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4a51062beb9a746dfa166b2b8a94c6ed07c94e07 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00013.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:47cf038695c3abefd4284a6e66c397615049d3f1a6b4f2628cf549dac2fca593 +size 82100 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00014.png b/images/legal_standard_00014.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..25a219a11d646ca0458cd637274a0b88a59fae41 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00014.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2a453b9e966b2d12d8705e2e90683e15f33ccf08fb1a6a9a54cd5fca142168fb +size 105805 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00015.png b/images/legal_standard_00015.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c100815bfa1f5b1bc8eb76bb07f2b22b1548ed09 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00015.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6eb3098ca88beddde55c1065db77e4a6d461b4704ad090b0d6ed385f5b677d7a +size 65909 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00016.png b/images/legal_standard_00016.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..71da4786f332832456315f6558ce7335d952609f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00016.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:32e5737cc60a088993be6d0cb1ff32fe399f50f5e302c6b2afb992d60d7c556f +size 71250 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00017.png b/images/legal_standard_00017.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8babcc16dd6b6e087309ef782ee9b31f7dbfc0c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00017.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:bd953ecfba0e6dc9cb300d8031815faa97e3b4c2cfce8f0f613c239028367da0 +size 59209 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00018.png b/images/legal_standard_00018.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..81f8620813e75c795b46580d65cfa5c0a3cfe4f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00018.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0218d2b07c180b97b8eaeb9f0c988d4eb306b58614bf689b1dc0e529189b6f39 +size 60061 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00019.png b/images/legal_standard_00019.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a0241b41d8df2ba6b337a689e08feec53803dd35 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00019.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1df2857bb1b461fbe3aa37c889cf93e5243592d9b98b599ebf9c15ac62bc7a8d +size 74647 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00020.png b/images/legal_standard_00020.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3d2fd8ede4775459601e639f2573bb0c15e1fda8 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00020.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:915c8024315ee1e624bb2b2a6695cb4fa33d820b0069845be23624ac6605feaa +size 30210 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00021.png b/images/legal_standard_00021.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..034958cfa323554d3e0ec60cbcaaf6930103a376 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00021.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:56e8c4b18ea74e7e9e54ab517a607a98c065fea3a696ce9d9e54678fa38929d1 +size 53160 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00022.png b/images/legal_standard_00022.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..750996958a298126cbcb02db0ded443fffa11fc2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00022.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:016425b75380abae3f586e715b18a59c65982174fae4604a03eafa9aa59b142c +size 77424 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00023.png b/images/legal_standard_00023.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0225c3929fc2e77265df6f575985636c76dfc017 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00023.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:123979916a3c3f1338741a45087938e1f11fe4565de511c599a448b5338affc6 +size 80145 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00024.png b/images/legal_standard_00024.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..687f4468b7ed0769b987315db009962848627b89 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00024.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:541fbf50c32063f5e96c396ae0633c234251b5a80dc8c4802d88427fc211278d +size 367304 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00025.png b/images/legal_standard_00025.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..832a39d1f340bcc1d0ce7913c571c8003ccea558 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00025.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:86066f4fdf810f37fdc6fda89c8abf013465fdada79ffc3ba936914227465fab +size 601334 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00026.png b/images/legal_standard_00026.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..828598c90e79f2c2854557c4e7ceadcb4721ece9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00026.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0740d88933da7dff0f9adb7e65ead318e4cc3372d608d686e55efec3c89ba94c +size 754092 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00027.png b/images/legal_standard_00027.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6e37cdd677515db862f22e14bc77c6a35aa92b8b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00027.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:69b20767a9a8462534e31af9e51acff8c8c113153993ff589c090ee61fb167ef +size 690107 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00028.png b/images/legal_standard_00028.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3cdb20af39d4bed7e4e8d85af8b9a67050bf97d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00028.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ae4f02618b8956f2c6e6d7a50a95172b9f4f229df0f081481a749709a0946936 +size 264535 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00029.png b/images/legal_standard_00029.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5e6d756f05552bb814814117a483656bd643992e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00029.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d1f630843315fde4b16d10650dcf252259398b4cc656bb0d49503c98a86833a4 +size 265171 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00030.png b/images/legal_standard_00030.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..78cb88e63d75b6dccd47d98ad7930108df5b8145 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00030.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:532f7e02acd6b29e89173cb3f01eb7638b5978347b6c8efc46ae2c066280c3ab +size 255767 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00031.png b/images/legal_standard_00031.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8356ccf6ce6cb967079d9f5ed6b7dae5a85b75ed --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00031.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0513c2dbee4c872d50f28fc4198ffc6f63f4fbebb9f36f507b91f7a048187554 +size 851505 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00032.png b/images/legal_standard_00032.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e6f9a8a5b0baf482e1a404c239cc7ed4873df71b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00032.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5918168d1c325024b2f76cd8ec3bcaa7a243185496de9e8543c8be6c389e8559 +size 62379 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00033.png b/images/legal_standard_00033.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3f2b2f7077a6c22f40bd13d834cd68008c08170d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00033.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:26c9c28e3a41c2fa0f0c265f989c460e9ca8f4ef409a3a31f5b8871ace372047 +size 52189 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00034.png b/images/legal_standard_00034.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ea5da81a51c3f4d2f8392633c8c4553454d45095 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00034.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1b65c2677f38864bb7eba6555101863bcaa9336a71a722f5e1cc915a4f6b1ed2 +size 51170 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00035.png b/images/legal_standard_00035.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d09ebe82704b3cf6836fb64d94aae3db52a17972 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00035.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a991f179c03290c7e77fb934e296c9edb307d9fea79b59376f503b52505416c4 +size 89255 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00036.png b/images/legal_standard_00036.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bb5e81a3b47e8a611d914e862a2de2cb0d5601f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00036.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:961be99dfd1ccb2ad5911d135bdd76cfc15fac4a638fb66696f7e93a0a814114 +size 89470 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00037.png b/images/legal_standard_00037.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5de9dc81eea0bf15e6f324ef8b150dcce5d35c75 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00037.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4fc609431310cdf1456946a5b71527b355bbd30724b8ae025315dd83af1d73a5 +size 75451 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00038.png b/images/legal_standard_00038.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4e8511512549b06e109ac8e231d3dc398de50a82 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00038.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6a75c6685678adf040f0b322cacc4cda3217791ccac4072557792bcb69e2f09c +size 62700 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00039.png b/images/legal_standard_00039.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2a953a5b3ed8bb539522620ecc274188740ded21 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00039.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a0d3f8152e8119992782f79fc2c9853d939e7c2f271e00ea60da4b0a4faca3cb +size 61201 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00040.png b/images/legal_standard_00040.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65eaa782e002641cd863daa22658abe96d5a8eb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00040.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e95c05cca6f53bb57d5673076f46e6e1112b5c7d69e7bb799365bd918786638c +size 105348 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00041.png b/images/legal_standard_00041.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..87b671c29789f3d7d3f935eff4de70d6708ba425 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00041.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3b97bb796a7f08d989730426a1a60b0995585d38785f346e948c9faaf4ccba9b +size 73099 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00042.png b/images/legal_standard_00042.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c54dd06e50a1675e3d2d1d5b6e3feef593e39bd0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00042.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fe7a84a5d8dd21ec85e0354ffd6e993f952b4c4df95f7e1f4cc3749d4151f0d6 +size 177292 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00043.png b/images/legal_standard_00043.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c546c1799f05b51add845002b9767192d22d2e52 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00043.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:bf5ad9983dc8b1729351af21214506aff16950e80b3bfbf90e1e06f0a1a38330 +size 77873 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00044.png b/images/legal_standard_00044.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c28dfc0c0e9718353444577d855f218f26645778 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00044.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fc41b6db4f56d0a589718a78fef1768419d4e242ae1cd947d134ad11106780f9 +size 46942 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00045.png b/images/legal_standard_00045.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c4aebe7862b54a5410c74e4e64a2394e18aaf017 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00045.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1bd5037977f8909ea9d007adeccb3810d9a0c7b06f14fe966d894afd496e96f1 +size 42100 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00046.png b/images/legal_standard_00046.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..153eceb977e3bd40db2cb8f5488585b2a58992dd --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00046.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4c5eff85786560b90ac195e5509cf971af0cb26ccc27d0a8f49c60dbe13e6868 +size 303048 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00047.png b/images/legal_standard_00047.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27c264480bb7d55edcc3cae7eae364c8f2b79699 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00047.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:37cd45dd5e20b014d63d3ee31d075b1a7004e1cbd430e3bd9d0f8b2577dbaca6 +size 83753 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00048.png b/images/legal_standard_00048.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2a2fac838baa4b7a46f0771fdb611a40ae04adc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00048.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0f7ea3113fe8525032d69a9d463d34024b5444555d4f3932df76ab26a21743e5 +size 81183 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00049.png b/images/legal_standard_00049.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4a2b38b19cc2dbb22c1b04a8817d63db1fb0150e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00049.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c6d732d0a4101feed0f0d8e984669c086103be851028348c87d0d3465ffd9023 +size 68131 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00050.png b/images/legal_standard_00050.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..97e8039910d45eb98e5f580819f4ae15b7428c33 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00050.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d937b6c9eae85f86d1aff8f4c1d8a0e242171f53edcd327dc0badfec25cb21f9 +size 60581 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00051.png b/images/legal_standard_00051.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..03e5105d6590ab18dcf809d32e87b89a294a99f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00051.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:77fbefee19d5c5a677691b3047c2a9f62a87d16dd09c62377e396eb1ca46381a +size 87733 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00052.png b/images/legal_standard_00052.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..913e66d4df113e821bc2b2c845f0dad9b217490b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00052.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0b46e973ed34659cd887c5fceea6eca4afe5bdee02725cdd67ae8c859759b249 +size 69297 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00053.png b/images/legal_standard_00053.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3e3c6b925383f2b09909235417a16954efa2ec8c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00053.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ee6d48563ba7308de26b668031ead308806e5797514f75a16b3dbfba0cad1f85 +size 48050 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00054.png b/images/legal_standard_00054.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..826becc1e62024bb4b918f0f3d46cf9475283862 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00054.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ede47af2d1fac3ef9d498b92bbefcfe34d080fc27dd2e7befe228d46c8525fef +size 49730 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00055.png b/images/legal_standard_00055.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4a77fda3f7f595600977ac800e236ef49ec140fe --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00055.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fee14229184010bb6ee084bd14fe247b334afe4a269c1361f571ea7721df7ef5 +size 66653 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00056.png b/images/legal_standard_00056.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9ad08f4a01130ef704cdb1214dc2fb328475a827 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00056.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d64dcdceaf18353b87d62a63cd3df67f96981b2cfbf59bdac558fa9ff8aa3a43 +size 145754 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00057.png b/images/legal_standard_00057.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..18caa4cb1951990bd5a4e7236882d03e2f88dd7b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00057.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:da1a54e67f0ed8b4d76eead7dfce62a9a3c65cbc8a10641c382655bfc6737350 +size 95468 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00058.png b/images/legal_standard_00058.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bc626df180e6d4e7edcffb161c643bd6ece0f592 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00058.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fd8d1ea84e9664a64070f2ec566a0051b17a7615f7bb82c83fff4629730140b7 +size 118250 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00059.png b/images/legal_standard_00059.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..309049c018e9e41b0b3cf49d44127433ed7541b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00059.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:95543191418a3eb2590db63f3b20e50e226fb76667aa8e56c30e173701127601 +size 31407 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00060.png b/images/legal_standard_00060.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e8abca3010b25036b4257c45bee2b5bc67069405 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00060.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2f8749f3efb76f3f561574d0ddaae0407cc05f0eae5750897630a84a36c007e7 +size 901326 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00061.png b/images/legal_standard_00061.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..63a9152312faeac0a547ead33cdc92e2197df660 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00061.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c10d2286814087a133a318e53cb52ecd0c404bc0d291f9eedbfdd1851f0bae8f +size 1342258 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00062.png b/images/legal_standard_00062.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bf49921394dcf66f378e2038980d99d1eb963058 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00062.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d6af8129ea8ef4345129501cd12f26e85eb4edd83bf58fa799218bdd1c50bf34 +size 69886 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00063.png b/images/legal_standard_00063.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b13885204ab470d7e86c4613f8b7509739ee82c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00063.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7d88884d7709430b516a81369dd66b8a04fec8c4d3b4c3bdf6d5828819a8ad9e +size 73656 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00064.png b/images/legal_standard_00064.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bdb0f50a21418e9757065028355f78ef66f979cf --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00064.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a8d4aaa9cbc772ca5cc6a18a1c366b41d80d807ecc0e6ac7b978d70eec16b2ac +size 338535 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00065.png b/images/legal_standard_00065.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..778b546254e19ac2f8f83b79190d7d870e0c5b4f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00065.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5ca43300ff5297cbff55aecc4e91a9a1e8bcce833938fea24673f804f405f54a +size 750568 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00066.png b/images/legal_standard_00066.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1d8fc7763b6bac1fb5435f4d5dc93f22ce6ca7a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00066.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4b6e93bb2d240c69bfec465aaae196a7bdcb2129fb631433ae9d078b26242ca9 +size 540757 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00067.png b/images/legal_standard_00067.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5e5351ab36068c7355fe3464ac88ddc765bd6d24 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00067.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:af9f42757f1aae925dc187b81769efd9b8b259b1d4568178bab23060483c66bd +size 154011 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00068.png b/images/legal_standard_00068.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e8d8a0e1ca6f0999ca7dc3c22a3a70e3ab4b6d22 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00068.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:17bc3c972cb25fb0ef07ce33453bbf72ab8d761b624e3e4265684fd36e573bbb +size 84210 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00069.png b/images/legal_standard_00069.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d726dde2fb0ed13938f96b69f9261c42970631c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00069.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c01d15a53d87087fd43ddb50ef2a4a570269795b2b667084a6700980c5843eee +size 138489 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00070.png b/images/legal_standard_00070.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6493c5b85568c91cb0d1ac9cb81a9d3613bd821c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00070.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1f14e8e21e8a8e61b6a9e4e55c1265bef4db169e93a7c7f102b05dd99b476982 +size 131167 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00071.png b/images/legal_standard_00071.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..53fdd1afc3dfb96c7f45ea6750018f12e0d10ba5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00071.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:48e13e534b814f02ad931a397b34c125566a925fdd6f35307c4ce4b79ebbf990 +size 48938 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00072.png b/images/legal_standard_00072.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ca94a5dc08355e0921c91f158e8608e49dcfb030 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00072.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:dbbedecb4858a92a90c23d9ec45336d8d0e6b7f446914b22fbceb849c14a387a +size 64040 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00073.png b/images/legal_standard_00073.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..adb2a55bf0f3912d8dba01522e345b210d96b3a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00073.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:28e42cf86f1a572dfe5789dd8c314878123397c4e46168d7123f2fd950d77c5e +size 109737 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00074.png b/images/legal_standard_00074.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..abadbe711066d100975ac2458f17c55b8aad413c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00074.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1a9ac44bbe6fa5c5ce1a4654b82a91d374c281a7b2b7333c6d740267c03d273f +size 133087 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00075.png b/images/legal_standard_00075.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..475d281df1c4d24f2317597f0e5183af814b6771 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00075.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5a4e462989826a843cd1de70a62669f81ddf4969fac3a681cae6894bffbdb453 +size 98447 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00076.png b/images/legal_standard_00076.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..71a90a1549af96dadf433f34a4e8e33dee71921c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00076.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:962b436db2e3c9fb81626f60431889a04c28b7aef452bd5c86408995ec222367 +size 88781 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00077.png b/images/legal_standard_00077.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ecf4d7b8318bd0c5f8362d0001f7d1a8ceb9521d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00077.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4f782f30817019e0f29a3042ca97ab7ba4653a1af64ddeb0cf768bda580ec439 +size 119964 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00078.png b/images/legal_standard_00078.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9878b248343660006eee5934693f0ddf58fd0da9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00078.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b460e0352eff723203794fc15cb8e0561bbb62c72a7a7ea75f0327b7edb12929 +size 117559 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00079.png b/images/legal_standard_00079.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..647167c1ae7e01aa4ce9b0becb87fe69974f0058 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00079.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:dc80828005a1702e0a908cba9e1d9838aba7407abd967676a373ddfa476f88d8 +size 127318 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00080.png b/images/legal_standard_00080.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..facc3e8118751d1c7f6e5c0756f220a0f949a344 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00080.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:89fa525241d70b374abf5c5c2ccfb86918a214ea2ffe8d0130f127e4d5fa4c9a +size 51564 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00081.png b/images/legal_standard_00081.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9f095a2c16335b6d263878d216d637145f0b7b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00081.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9e3465fc8df3292923216f9d858e141c8c3f4ad17b2cf571d8058e16e655655c +size 83680 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00082.png b/images/legal_standard_00082.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b6723cd002aece9760bcdcdb8af4ca81c77975ea --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00082.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:49c1d937dc085ff676e0ed83106f681ce8df360b7f56758337e71a0eee081da9 +size 63975 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00083.png b/images/legal_standard_00083.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..19bf30eb9cbc7788d0ed067095275e39834b5238 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00083.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:744bca5b825ff1ee6c740b7d38285d6ce39ed85b7d81357d8f7ad63497b85a9d +size 80254 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00084.png b/images/legal_standard_00084.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..13c36bf8bd9593218516c01107c0d09607dee0c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00084.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:15fda34c0b22940e91dd41b02ea192cf6683416c7fa57a20cd5f25a73b44cd55 +size 208834 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00085.png b/images/legal_standard_00085.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..02c1a34b126bd52b0fb77a7c03d7cac5ea10b642 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00085.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:cd408967cfb78dfbf48f9fa391e64445ff11b893ba3cf3d4fa8fff0d115643d1 +size 75426 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00086.png b/images/legal_standard_00086.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..40193047ae233cf8e6eba84ed65f6c634775e007 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00086.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1817bf27d9102996133d42e7b43b796a5786b25644ffd3e6aef864b28a019c1b +size 161629 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00087.png b/images/legal_standard_00087.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1d5bb6c7e36cb3eb1939790ffc38879851f0da99 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00087.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c82963307053ba85636c2dbe95a9e5713e86f98891b59969a0b926c5906f675e +size 21446 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00088.png b/images/legal_standard_00088.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9e0a52fe4c454a4d65129161b7233fd7e67636f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00088.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:79c35d28693dee3245bef77fe054f22557d2bf3f9e2fe27671aaca591d068f88 +size 65553 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00089.png b/images/legal_standard_00089.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2b004cc50848da53c1bca35816f3646350a639a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00089.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:19eba903d2cb5f08b8c947c80cebea95ddb49b5bd546ebcb6a0cc69c54568570 +size 56938 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00090.png b/images/legal_standard_00090.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..59f60665b205b1f7429b973f9de6065c6a16ec0e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00090.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:628a07014637b152821bf5bf651fdc32fecaaed6a5f2a0f7035e5c4ef07ecfbd +size 66965 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00091.png b/images/legal_standard_00091.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..be850ec38ba6c6ef2693bb4bb2e22541d3f5664c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00091.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9afe8e35ab9412588bb6bf108e896fd25c49fa1c443add1becb864a16abb312b +size 99494 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00092.png b/images/legal_standard_00092.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bfb74b0febc7dfcd565d122a4044d56abcfa9a23 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00092.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3b3ffeabba29d31d615f9d359b7c7156833bc16758de0a036bd383d2198d58e6 +size 111728 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00093.png b/images/legal_standard_00093.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2d7b1eba9adb31e124736de2fac1d11d1da97c70 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00093.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8f5ba6cf0dc611beee6167216c98e37db87bfab51c097065f55c37078fb57d06 +size 86284 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00094.png b/images/legal_standard_00094.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..11c394e88eb781858931f7b014685f9496cd5c66 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00094.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5cd2851b29701edf2df310d91f3bf2a168e87a0749141dd6fc0772c3514a30c1 +size 44008 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00095.png b/images/legal_standard_00095.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d1499423c01bb7c4a93a42fa15fae9fdda843ac8 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00095.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:39d61f9dce27c98351c8e331611cc4e2826fa9e6bc3c1f616e1b57e8dd502be6 +size 105988 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00096.png b/images/legal_standard_00096.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fa0033b214d808cfab6c76820c113c97dc712c83 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00096.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e4f0eda677cfea2dde21d4cfe2645bb42a3545f51e9399238e57b77fe313e96d +size 78013 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00097.png b/images/legal_standard_00097.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d5c8185f26b79682ed6a388fbc6d1a69ae4add02 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00097.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6d83b242cf4baf81f2ed1001cab9fc56a851d1c20df476fdb3bc5549a9b875b1 +size 80138 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00098.png b/images/legal_standard_00098.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e909911429493a6633a34a4ca3aab0ba87d0f0d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00098.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c3178d547b3a6ce92e4692c9ea46aa3f1de6f86f35d44e96ea932df96af9931d +size 61566 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00099.png b/images/legal_standard_00099.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..44c5c5ecd1b7658eb471fcd863aa286a9347bd9e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00099.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b6d2f388f7d8f25eb4d793dabf75144e22585cb0f66748d7d0007f825d5628de +size 32510 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00100.png b/images/legal_standard_00100.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..758e9d981eece8f4a65767474b861afe86b02e69 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00100.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:135841da164a151fe2c0468f506a9c1d2d522926470041872f0a08d71b8d91c7 +size 72739 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00101.png b/images/legal_standard_00101.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e70900ee1b777c0fc6a45595e638b0c2af26ac76 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00101.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:de9ffef1d0c2915d19f008e39042651eeefbd93034fb303694830855bf5946c5 +size 121709 diff --git a/images/legal_standard_00102.png b/images/legal_standard_00102.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3fcc28ef12fc7b655e772d3786a14a2aa9334741 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/legal_standard_00102.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0dc675e444e831c30ca6674e5b8121407550e7f7802cbaf2d720148e4cac037e +size 127185 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00001.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00001.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c985e625ff192c97229ead5489c78eb5a7b464ee --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00001.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:dd3fc5395d3925ec481915c7afb058fb7e7d4adf797cfaa142702cb1740b6526 +size 41459 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00002.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00002.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..06966114105f49235de5eea68125ca8fc54104f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00002.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7f02fcd72f4f510d8f47dca5d9d74bc46a758cfa050a28a94a06aed23da2c62e +size 101937 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00003.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00003.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f6c4d01c225db16fe87a5be20385fea337e106ac --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00003.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1848e368e598daab5ff108bc67a72db449183fb9416bdfa1ca6c9df9e08dc3ec +size 121437 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00004.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00004.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6b97da9c5d70a50faf2a6dd8c4f59f59fd3920ad --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00004.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ba525b7d532828ee81462d495c141d0ad46afef4aa8b0f84e8fcf8131abc47e1 +size 108289 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00005.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00005.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..38dff7774698246f5edb5294563774e19a5c7809 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00005.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8c65100fe470f2038ea90b7ea7d4571f5f4e4302764c24591ee3cffec3e6b413 +size 91797 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00006.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00006.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eacf7f1908fb90325b74d3ba4fe87cb4431102ea --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00006.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f29ac3b61610b3aeba2ee5f0e1a519cb13882c5f48b639b9a0f6a7535a39956b +size 96753 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00007.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00007.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4971aea543dda0b875afa4e352d76d47b9b84894 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00007.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:22de025bad8e36b4838032132ced1c66591513ec69c3291d98cea5e4f825374f +size 41069 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00008.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00008.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1ee24bed251ecc85d5a89e825c59e0d8459173a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00008.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:997ea62ddcba363fac58455c3c3e65c270bdabd936bc880d6e8e03afa9785d8b +size 142751 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00009.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00009.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ef457ee1d4dbc1988738bdefa998812b64d52c9a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00009.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d5343dc1257b2cfb956a4f44490ecc6a832814d8c9eb0df13474e026ecf48c11 +size 127903 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00010.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00010.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d21e0c48ff8e3a01d5680bc2c897c2c830b10842 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00010.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:74e92697066899949928ab6d940a72e5859b6f5a0d1b4cb81b881353b47b2b81 +size 85540 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00011.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00011.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a4e91f2dda0a47236691ee8ab10fc3800dd0ce36 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00011.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:721275fcd12b761a52885420ea6567a27a27a9ebaacd6f2221f74cef315b6fea +size 166762 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00012.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00012.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..36a49502e19fe5ab1ce1d4b607bdc462f6ccb2ea --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00012.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:654381c762b8be4fbc6a8031ad9e11f1f4012bf64ed141fadb25272feabf11e5 +size 105953 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00013.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00013.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1af27a63e7d63aad11896046405972cf3bfbceba --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00013.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:926b42f78dda853103e7c2e98b92dd61522bf6e0a346643beed2de9cae5454e7 +size 117018 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00014.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00014.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..10ed08d73c7606d042741f6199ab08f05291a4d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00014.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1e7cf6798d7692753a8bf6ccad0b02b6856f6b17f6a0afaaa3483c7264ce6ae2 +size 51044 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00015.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00015.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4028fe8194f43a6f4e2d7c0f2a48ddf65873a17c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00015.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d79f4e75ee42d9ff28bb244dc6ebdc95dd2a07260e4c732bff9ef490d72e9dd7 +size 175953 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00016.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00016.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9db0e2c54e4006d2518960c6a48cab44590233a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00016.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2208aed665792a1b05b8f2becc6004237b5cbec2d24ebcff9927d141b398da0d +size 173557 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00017.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00017.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..816464b97094fedfd7810d85bd2d5314d7343c9d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00017.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:752ffe308b567db07747b8accf0345b197905f99036206577f096446f51b5ae0 +size 30674 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00018.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00018.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2aa2738b5accceb4066c360730d18d52efd28d05 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00018.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:75ea791e248483d0cada8d40a284bb215844bf5b09a1b90ac2eb1ae037e9c619 +size 15587 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00019.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00019.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c22b8aae13b961c2e1c85d4e2c8897f62f96b11c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00019.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4d0a625d3f7ab78b465d4b52671cabe01386917e0b62de6b3e76d234361c815c +size 16519 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00020.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00020.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1a7ba2844082bd5ccd9b3e3b15245cce113187dd --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00020.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a6545f763f4b752fa83f16797c1efd62f6faec9470555a73cd7d400f8d958dde +size 39093 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00021.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00021.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f139af7a699c330af4c481a68b159e50dee1c7c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00021.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:63bbe2c43d3d10b543fcf930da1a8609785c9d2154c684f3b821991d4afe1e5d +size 85195 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00022.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00022.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1894f0d542aab8cdea977839d69b3c999bedcb1c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00022.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e6c29131c1fa048e3a554f01709066ac0287f91e92228dc21f2b6a186314caf2 +size 151643 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00023.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00023.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..68ea4607fea11237b11d73e24047299e19ac13c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00023.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ec9e2858c48a80e89e49ddfac3e6200efea986d43c25be8b2021e977e3a93adf +size 140900 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00024.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00024.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d32afaae06c392a74f2141e64534447c9931d06b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00024.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e252c7adb10ccc1dd8916b8366cc519ceec520d0ee9c4e08d2ffaa7270d5d2e4 +size 75723 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00025.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00025.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..05999dec18b1b6ef8208f66fac8cb18fd2b68c9c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00025.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4305d99ca1496ea0f2d34c3626296928d736fca45fa019cef030a29cca445e7f +size 104331 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00026.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00026.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b15bd396e9faa737a898723ce41902b0f7779c25 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00026.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d4e5ac12828af9845546c5c98f8bec071c80b6c8e9ad588d314accde7e252327 +size 116547 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00027.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00027.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5f8b44fe148b761dcb6bd80856ab6fccf85b7e60 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00027.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fae0899a7b90dd8f7a07ae7194dd73c12694ca40b57b15cc51fd34b056c0b3a6 +size 139862 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00028.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00028.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f742717b7711b010ee781e679c7ce922065e4445 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00028.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9157e16a240f7eb526fbd2c63519b89740afc94a475137ee519d4d5eeb3917ae +size 106600 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00029.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00029.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3fb96f83ec9871e1a31df760012562d2fc74a0e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00029.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2e1f7b708a288345fa562481cc0d296e748ef1999b0751285eb83da64e648fdc +size 129407 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00030.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00030.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e2ed3de52fcbc3ceae86df02ebe1cccffd88a58b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00030.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b917b7f01fcd913f9a0d6ebe7c4880d1b07fdc1d2c52842a53211b86548ba865 +size 79041 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00031.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00031.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4011651ac572caba510ed1e2821d9e51b0ed6914 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00031.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d12eccf686e56e2795ca2bb3ba515a38adec1f5ef54948e8a4932a6aa1fb3580 +size 101433 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00032.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00032.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..472416eeead2380896dce02f7964b33ac2704fc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00032.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:44a69d4ab986f6437ef292406bde9516199bc8000abf4f79b643da08fa7cdd93 +size 114647 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00033.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00033.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..738b969d0a52bea80e7774cf6e8a1941197aadaf --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00033.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9bfd4198fc15412f0cfebd62b3213e1e2fffba303cfc99509161ef66bc1724ad +size 110580 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00034.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00034.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0788b3568916bf1befca8b4741ebbaf929335301 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00034.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ed45264105f148aa2f42bf5c6ca4f07838b6b01f6a6ebcf1d93e856ba328cf7d +size 60214 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00035.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00035.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..919619addf1f07102cde93e56285018604878687 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00035.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:308c48f63f7431b7abb874334dee8b78f0b8cad339e8ea271b912a61d6bc59c1 +size 87753 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00036.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00036.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4171a3609851581638263067b8eab0573e59580f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00036.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:eddbd9aabee1d9b62396043b87e9c01a3e56e8a1189c7f0c42d7bbc9fe8fd6b5 +size 89284 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00037.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00037.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1d5e264760fbae37d90bcc971795831064b17f3a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00037.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8385b9d1e00a45b65a5e6c177f925171577c53b8c4536cb527ce864cf9350713 +size 83861 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00038.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00038.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5727657dd652b309d1df39db723cc15f5ce2cdc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00038.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9d0ff923135d3c6f3d7e4cb6383ec81321c2a9a512d81f6fd77682525c005520 +size 104280 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00039.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00039.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cd78f116c5a8102b058e0f15b68f214cf836365a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00039.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3977fe33443ad5cb662ce1adcd3ab0812f36c2fa2cd738af62a8129b6546eea3 +size 131770 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00040.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00040.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..13cf16d49df261acd9e81930430255f7a8931928 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00040.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:133d1d9d2f51aaf058d89458f945f09dc261bb1316dacfe4b8105ccbcde3c953 +size 106057 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00041.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00041.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..863b9c4511ec7493c7ff64255199ea0075410894 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00041.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a6cef56616e5f3a37453009d66a4a00c8255e56c9ab4a465111d847ebbba126a +size 135612 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00042.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00042.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9fd300ae4435b666a4d051a8206a28b9ee9c4474 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00042.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:10fc48bd3428c964cd58887fc48f1826ceeb34ab632baf455bfe72f75d26eba6 +size 138517 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00043.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00043.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..61531d05307a0aa5a9b0e2949d7cbba2c9ad9c6f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00043.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c639fcab3f425788b68e715a0184960ed9c97bb4c4527b17598864e1c249ac10 +size 93400 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00044.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00044.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..591fca650189016cfacdfb9efbf3274923c2fac8 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00044.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ebaf2968ecd1b7857f2dc7112189215148fc9566eddd662c66c56249577cc796 +size 109854 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00045.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00045.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1dd6de25496fba339fb6f72b18f7b8bc8e85660f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00045.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4ba77c3d122876464e5823f2d5ca97319a1a3de47cb83c92e9584c35563ecd82 +size 99310 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00046.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00046.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..df89f6c650b4f35f472776c04eadb7565c8a1c89 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00046.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a36ae983215df6fa09fb26be2f55258d74237dff8c5fd70e7986b2f8d98df14a +size 98030 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00047.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00047.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a1a84bc7606f8bb005926618813c4a958c63100e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00047.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9457eb2bd5f12fe9fc314c1285f86c4029923acabaff84c2f4292bd3b7fa40a5 +size 98370 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00048.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00048.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4442915352ebe0a56e5707da38c4a3088e5e6a18 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00048.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fd657d40bb45e5940a67ebc888f6e345d1f90c286b53e0be7940136ab79d0543 +size 40524 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00049.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00049.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43aac45817502b4e30de652dc976d6320cae8230 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00049.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:103667e12cdac19259a6f95c5cdb11941763fed66ec75269d644cb100effaa7d +size 108990 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00050.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00050.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..174345a88d63ccf0e5272a398efe901c38ad4d0a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00050.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3b2e57330f09011f47d7d26b52be9d5e2d902f9ef56f010072b6c22e69ca4420 +size 182435 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00051.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00051.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a0bfbd1b4e518497c9fe7849644041d46465faf4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00051.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:eb676ec8a5a9ae332c4e5afd857472b871977261b71cde3b29128c3e83c617fa +size 161387 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00052.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00052.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3a4da002b6b9b6753c7c33d3e742e9bd7a2440de --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00052.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:76458c04170901defe9f4b3a2af1bcbebca74e70cb2210f8243836f4d5680fb7 +size 123944 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00053.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00053.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d32d2aba4ee8431fb8d514f360ca1b72d565c2f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00053.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a19fa72868e36775e3f51eda1ec94c2da6a47ce793b0cf8bf1122dd6cc06351d +size 144648 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00054.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00054.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..04bf6a104121ae51949720c66580e4d01c2968c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00054.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:bb4d82ca4cb2fd69a031c1a6e1f5c3ba248f2c6709940a68d73853ec08291790 +size 94480 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00055.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00055.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6f08def5369e6101ebf47c7b57e350e8e4a565f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00055.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e7f5041e23532c83bfe91488f429ce209f9b797311c4d016bc670552c5c675da +size 77737 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00056.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00056.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..91677e4fb1e10da5f772f0130069772ecd1a0106 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00056.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:63bd7a6393ea35f1ed9c47f1a99c53b8003cb6a10b6f1eba34b0037fe8fcebc7 +size 119697 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00057.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00057.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..025bbd894d87963651ea0cd81b7814e76b76df3e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00057.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b8b562417059625fdbf997c2d8c1880f03fd07f4286bf0a0ffff9bd4de1c1103 +size 123376 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00058.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00058.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ec4feecc4ee322cf187d9c5b9e031e7f1c763981 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00058.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e43d11836ab123e36cf3fa4f13dc1fe2813aa4fe1d8c34b37323f198eb4efc71 +size 100942 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00059.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00059.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8cf2c9f3e4794fafd192747e33c0c6feab9714e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00059.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1127218b1c2eec3f29e88c5312375fc1b8958e3fb7a5fb26406a313744b38443 +size 106139 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00060.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00060.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9ec55f927f6eee8a3b873371a296358c7bb77356 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00060.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c70d8cf284e121ea17cf1dfd599bb0c8c22465016053433a65cb3ab27c7fc645 +size 56469 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00061.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00061.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..79d65e504303f8864be4978f1130d83c6c250eb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00061.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:eaaef5999e5277bb10125eaa845faa40450a899ae7a50ba3daf28ddcecb186be +size 59259 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00062.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00062.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2a3081f9a50416f11b1d3c86166a0dc32ffbd6da --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00062.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:af90f7c6cec0cf821fbe821b91545a445f92730a756c35f613dcead29bcb3de4 +size 62441 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00063.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00063.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d3b22346194966089a97c28a12adde0d789c6c9a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00063.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4f306a7100c7d498a7ea70129c2cbf0bbaddd4367085dcec8c5f129c3b8bb5ee +size 78203 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00064.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00064.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..be1e6f3ec5ac7fb0577b4bc0044074f507c5f6a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00064.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8eeff955a3e04a0621f2895528c475194e72084f2be5bcfba1c39a20110a04e7 +size 87192 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00065.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00065.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5a852e40bf39d5226d0562b7657e25239001ebcb --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00065.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:36683582cf09e02512f93c8c60a41d12d391a99210d5b2ddb636abd7f25df42f +size 76821 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00066.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00066.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..69874e286fc30dc3bb06d7e97358439ce6162adb --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00066.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:584740744ccf2e7b2f6b75be56f70253dabb46d8513ada4be0aa2e61a60559e7 +size 90044 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00067.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00067.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b4fb6f0f9595708b3d215eaf485c0b3371511e85 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00067.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f84806b954a3d0b18731588cc1884b469873e457bca57669555d1af0697563a1 +size 79671 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00068.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00068.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..48d1e73011730d1d760c64af509a2c9b0bc0e0ef --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00068.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9dcb3020dfe99f434fb433a0bc22f0ba4c3a392fe3c14f788334a02c5a39755e +size 44257 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00069.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00069.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f0cfa371afb3be46005834095249d09359b8ecda --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00069.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7cf15c2a256359efd14140a010cdaff95b1cf88d329d2fe3622b2fff02128aa9 +size 82809 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00070.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00070.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..64e7dc6f5318d4227177dad52e23c794a7a34e6c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00070.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e0bbb945b638b12895fde5be060786e3e2742cf0f3e0a7b81417c54fb9a40d76 +size 68037 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00071.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00071.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4caa87412778919c56a1060b49644f9f8a1b1d6e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00071.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:56093e10803f7115706e2a6ba02c29de207c2ea05f917c74c87951c464b36e8b +size 64879 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00072.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00072.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d1d92e9f8f4214920da0fe80d038a9e702b52c9e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00072.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:309c25d58a4d06d9b515b02329fb6922b7251a56856154e507ad532e6e195c6b +size 77295 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00073.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00073.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9fe8cafd17a91c410da1dbd608b36c971fbf62ec --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00073.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:264416f1338ebbbf905bb36426288f67291bda9530f7d0eb7696aabc6907a06b +size 73511 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00074.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00074.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8d075b41a5d8e3f056fea534dd9ad0ab852d9adf --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00074.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6393e2af26eede4dbb3f7864df339231cbdf2b3797ebc89c1feb17c6f4a7e140 +size 56221 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00075.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00075.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c85f38f6ae8b31149a893b2b0bf49bdb6db1d8a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00075.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d3f7ad5df09979f904ba91a9efa8f3f75eb018e8091087ebfe151bb2af04a61d +size 46256 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00076.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00076.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0c55c303b5dc6b931bd017e79c173715b34ac230 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00076.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3328f4c30537870cd0ae5b763e5a812e931d3e29cecbc3525e051bf098585f99 +size 54513 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00077.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00077.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e7c35dcb4e97f747ee6e7dede431018dbbd4369c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00077.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9571b2b2d28ca819420eb7e36c3c77e20a2a4b8692ac6e0f8e484f453b5d08ae +size 41189 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00078.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00078.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e06fdce9ee542258ec0e66e19b326c54c6a1547a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00078.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:45a22a9f348b4aca20e1d459b6de8a8fca67e84a331a71bac11c3d2b8f200149 +size 39828 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00079.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00079.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f36ca48c893d8bc701a50bdc659a2607100b15ae --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00079.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0ab9f501276fc4f6767b355dea0d8bea0bd516065f0e9fcd4478edd6706c6681 +size 89911 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00080.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00080.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..40a8f3a5d458359d89a9ad65e3b44dc2605f2741 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00080.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c43963ff3394bfb0dd798727185d62ba0383451706e6c6febfae2c73349b5beb +size 83347 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00081.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00081.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..56ad02f03d298e528af61ec3bd9bd502560bf509 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00081.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:00d63eac76ad7ee44b7c6a52d414646a73264ab450a00b3bbc64fe20f2ad2df8 +size 96692 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00082.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00082.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..580dc8bb2a19b8664ef307adbfd27362743772de --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00082.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9b8f1eec7e98303e829661f1000e5430c540e2ec701ac8e1b8a85f99eb3f0111 +size 41873 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00083.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00083.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..35d5f9c248a03436c56c8b6c1b7f5d52af0a00f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00083.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4edbbaf09ac3710d0effdea5422a34d5cfd42f6f24f5ac1a5a093aac63bfde24 +size 37029 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00084.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00084.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4aaa622140724360a848004e62772cb377e3d4c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00084.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e90907dd05e1471cf59f124b344680b97bc49261ade485c2ca2b538ec732bcf8 +size 27749 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00085.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00085.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..330abb7311441f73038513bb43cad7a7ec531401 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00085.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:19e52efa734802795c8a89a63ff274137092288fa1d7e20c9f0f46bcee9d7cbe +size 46579 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00086.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00086.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..45e2e5e0a7e5f23154187e06956aed30894eb041 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00086.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9610dbc0af111014d435ff7ec00ad098783358e9e8606a2bf77e90a00948f69c +size 32002 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00087.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00087.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..186686a86eb1ac88dddc653ab7b26d9e9a262c2a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00087.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:da91d38e08149e35a003398c8edca055990b73bf2d7464a6243646b4609a46de +size 61517 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00088.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00088.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a1b0168745d6f3782e8eab53cbd71c7d4c28a352 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00088.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:49cb8c844e3a83186687c4850656f1614cae8751482b7050fdb1b749af03d0f3 +size 28017 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00089.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00089.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cd1f51ea0e081c67f1d0df65e718918090bdec73 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00089.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:89ced280c4e1469bc748e0ff06a411f3245b863061e6808908a824f1f9c291d9 +size 50904 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00090.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00090.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..976138e0ebf62b1823050b908e7f7eba6f7faceb --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00090.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:cfa1d38228ee3aacc5fabb0e0d14a69788155eb0b32a2630ecf25d50d3aa92fa +size 68296 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00091.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00091.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..13be6a1a729fa3066c7dc52d1a9cc14138c2b81f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00091.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5bb045228aeb79768d09a51d8dd9fe5ea16bbe97479de3a9b064329d635c1c58 +size 47812 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00092.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00092.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..396c28acdff8ebdee4b9d3b34f3b9780680955c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00092.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:506c338c8d335f4e3bde551b1d6c3d6b150049f42a9cc9fe8bc418ca67b63618 +size 56857 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00093.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00093.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..16b830c0f61a2d4b47b466895097ec7aecda719f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00093.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ea3c65f64f902cde9838bbbef24b92cbce0c9f50a34f62c8483ae2a8e6ae9e99 +size 73711 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00094.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00094.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0a96aee81ad32afa76d9d964eff8d255afc10a45 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00094.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:50e1f6d3ce4923caff6ebb414cd2606e63c30f7f476981776542f709f00ad52f +size 66217 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00095.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00095.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ca5ff6421479920d3b704b26c5f37a84b8102514 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00095.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3428e2c420881b80e589b8c6b18faedc4556765166756716ddce3ce1b7cf4890 +size 24817 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00096.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00096.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f4f7b57ac57948dbace6b36c4113d3180e01a86e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00096.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d35a0841512afdb7d7b2fe9d80467e02de008a6a3abd10193ba28db9f1b0c2c5 +size 47402 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00097.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00097.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..781ac0e80df7b8ff91487c6d2526c3b2289e29f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00097.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:602cc3e8d016aa4a770ddb05134db714fc4da36ab967ff0fa6f8759604aa821a +size 50831 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00098.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00098.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0c645e0c85fdb38de64e8b07264888a04d1ec554 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00098.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:db2a154856f5f208ba701b07e283c7dac37cf94528eb897393517f54a03631dc +size 45322 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00099.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00099.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bc286dd73619ce5a0957fb985faf7365744ce8e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00099.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:685313113b2f2048980c0f53708f9e373b11a3449e7cf471235130d7221762c2 +size 47782 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00100.png b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00100.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..41fa4af9abb1bb7ee115d5e7faf053f1fa5790b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_form_receipt_00100.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f5b1f7ca25690802fa3ac6844895f45e0ed1565413620d4f216fe0a992551be9 +size 133945 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00001.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00001.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1066d0218c19d69d9fa14d90c24eb93b0f679617 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00001.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a1e1963b68d3264b0926d4187792a43fa459fff50430c8bf1803e83505cb21d7 +size 73436 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00002.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00002.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..47aaf64e1013504005c28dd57be422b5c045aca4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00002.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4e1418fa1c2975b10e5f33bb91481929a5f6575c2d985b4bd3c8101412734d42 +size 132991 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00003.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00003.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b5f4e93295b3936a092c097ab11400c8f960ad17 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00003.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8a5fe570b71d6027594ca4a6985c9819096b3210c745529a2f623663a9def18c +size 94888 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00004.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00004.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5bdaed1d9cb802321756e39c6fb3c7443e535a36 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00004.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4ecd778ad92c22b1f640cf24d523a03d5ac16c0bc6db2eb1dd68eb1910b279ad +size 128524 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00005.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00005.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c216823cbe409cfd9cbad9affba089a825b61042 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00005.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f0ff0fe77dab2764a860bc24fa6f75d81bb672452e7df565d1b45ee9b35b1f23 +size 98905 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00006.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00006.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e55427d0c24c2bd99b74304beed77ce7949070fd --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00006.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:30d4c5df2937475ef314220a0109c519c123ff8ffe8cd2caeba26ca9ccdfd3b3 +size 128180 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00007.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00007.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..448f88462e77a662dfa1c733667893e1e52e6675 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00007.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7acfcc428a3ff64054bb2734c0abcb3fe719d1d3185e658be5202bdbd754658c +size 131332 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00008.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00008.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e92b6b422b697455ee5ed3a25e017e591ea4ee94 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00008.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f6934b7e72f7832123c0a820c0cde7527e6ca7d01731bb236c7d0f39c0c17add +size 103271 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00009.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00009.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..29e113e19c1fc087804581d9c44d7febc63e173d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00009.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1232f171eccfdb142598e69a5828aaf052c46e00db241653553aebb682821b6d +size 86552 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00010.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00010.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3633e5373a03f1e170d88d8f4d73994642494d83 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00010.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e0f4b3f6bd66aae07fd112b17ba73a25017a3ff723614acc4ea3cd7967f41780 +size 59230 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00011.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00011.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e9c58dcce6a1db2d12ffae217f121759eddc72c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00011.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:cad983d020ab514cf2eb007227cd7966da5d770914304435152356cba9ae070b +size 78043 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00012.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00012.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e04db2b1ad32e0b2e772016377fa51d830c7b43e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00012.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ee8f5cf6b68c2f4ccb35fd2e1dfa6bc93ae235d35fea749c0dac8cead04a3e21 +size 68494 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00013.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00013.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9d1d44effb4db9dab047deabee722a8985ca6c3b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00013.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5830607a9e14b44c470cf1c194131d6421a91b2bda9a4087198b7a20cc5ccc8a +size 97973 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00014.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00014.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..95759761cf00c2f3a67b89c36fd7543a2bfb5e22 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00014.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:072ac0470bedbc4037fd075b302d7512d12e187650d4c2931c2164ad8d9a4241 +size 123936 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00015.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00015.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..980b9262ec2b0fc89535f7334178694a71c861ea --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00015.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0984c40b462525154ec7fb1c070bdbfc206a87b282aef6e07dc04cf220f43f82 +size 156799 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00016.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00016.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3f8a8764e3e0109973a416fed3e29ada2437a55c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00016.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1fd7286bb7068778ed10122d1d8d587e871387d5747e8bb73f1cb97529629e15 +size 94770 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00017.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00017.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..be452efb8b518cb59f82382a63d570bdd37a5fcd --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00017.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e7c2efb0d54eae509d3a8e9ca0f49cc0b9cb64e298c4138f7c76337a92ca4fc3 +size 155148 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00018.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00018.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c9a6d5bb2dba1aa5fb4bf79c67304cd007188953 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00018.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1e89443ff34a4f0be239ba9313851d4cf033f685a1f072afdc0595e3823950f2 +size 143279 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00019.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00019.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..01736a3150fd04b050a81561387f6497ad499559 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00019.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:769682b93e1422e5ea86eb7c65ce69a4cfca4739ea4cb84a76d36d520a409266 +size 178105 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00020.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00020.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..554ed4d300741df245ecea3dbacaf2b821ffd62c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00020.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3e35d739423fb2716c6545c17da1cdac22f2c8e788f4b3bef813c0a9a5c0d15c +size 153988 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00021.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00021.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dfec84ec39f04a851d73c5a0fcb25aa71bfc658c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00021.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0ee6c20640604ac042ca60a2d4a47a4843934105b90b3a8442ca26a1a868f220 +size 127544 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00022.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00022.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..47096c8efb57772d44f5dceba3c21412bdb45716 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00022.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:16b15f056650d45f817db82f7381f26d614c933a0193ba9ad476d2ca3fa11720 +size 80314 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00023.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00023.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..996d6200f13f370b878fb8906b20d7b4cc0830e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00023.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fb2c3d6a0ad49dd1b7556ac1201b076b3cf739c600e459a51d5f726afab69ca9 +size 101136 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00024.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00024.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1bc9c78a32dc38f92213121db6db4244b05dd8a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00024.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6c3f8a78107d4217a8e59a74ce2315d99fed7e3b76d3fcf1e482fad75646b747 +size 50931 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00025.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00025.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6081e8afd11ca958f49cd3adcf943bfc213cb513 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00025.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:da8df924a2c1f32140d6ff75d487f5e24491c851ad40dbec5674b259a2a5eb39 +size 60395 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00026.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00026.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6e3948661c8d8e8e9cdea5a68c6b2fe928cf02df --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00026.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ca9c29f80632462c868831e3978b9956feb0d13471fc69fa7c09454231d8c300 +size 104000 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00027.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00027.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..074aaad30135a26b4dc7f16278d13c3968b5af84 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00027.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4001d1526c124d22594d226cfa7b09d6e19d1d5253f8797e093c47bfe10f12ed +size 64506 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00028.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00028.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..154898a5930c0a57da80ce196317ef3c6ed93438 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00028.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d4da610d2332b2879c11a5e26cd3582bd5f9f7ae5f7cb181745c1f5b5e811e25 +size 42620 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00029.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00029.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ae0550bd7064b59fec076c609a6b840759b1c196 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00029.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8319391a43bc4203b1e430010ff22bb59e4c262ddc181a3451774fc1e2f68e6a +size 105013 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00030.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00030.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..402645ccd66255dc884e2dd234825963ddf5b8e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00030.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5e0f58e5b56f18415400305bd80247c7130ee1f7c58f3f235a6bd7bb6ae96530 +size 92492 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00031.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00031.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..521927fb068296b0c7aff40c5ce44d7940289c4e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00031.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:179aa8136f5e10ebf6c3b139ef79936bcea158bb8207e4aa6b2fb1599cb02a60 +size 59369 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00032.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00032.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b750c7f4e400cebc6e71e0b264ffbc3d0f1a1ce5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00032.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:68e5149a5235dca5969cea1fdfc4981a723c9e1fff4a49aeaf783a05beb7af54 +size 90841 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00033.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00033.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3fdd4deb9baf8aa8981669b8df9a038eed277371 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00033.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e909137d5470f63bd98c3335672374a09db61ecd360b2b306424cd64d99c39f4 +size 148730 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00034.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00034.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fe54644884d44e94ca5644b1c2bf11a3ea227bb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00034.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9c40beb125c6304407aeeb5df93ec4c94ec9da1bedbd8906ca87578d86e221dc +size 64842 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00035.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00035.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0b4598fed2b1d132b1a311fc0b9be372e8c9bf1b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00035.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7594dc9a9e74ff578b8e6e1abab1ca5242a61167838233a4e0ff71e32aca8a11 +size 93443 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00036.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00036.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..08d67e61635946caab3cd89712896b1dffec2f28 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00036.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:98317b62e6cdc25ada3748819b8ef0f9f48361bcb38f28d4616f0a91cc832264 +size 77231 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00037.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00037.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eaf0c2c9ed16357e3e146f56dad4d293b26bdea8 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00037.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:496883d5cd64b4ebe3d63a76c7eab53d7b8a31a146290e147ef73b6312861c32 +size 120854 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00038.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00038.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..86e9db6e3463af3bb4a162c273cd247dd736f5a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00038.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1d6fac6195491cc29b9972ce1aefcfe12df62fcc2027ad98533ce3ebd751f401 +size 72542 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00039.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00039.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0d49c5400353594316cc3276de57041c5341fd0b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00039.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7fcba48e0cd2a99ce2c88cb7584b0a6c654484239c0367e3dbe6b72315a0e1ba +size 79447 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00040.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00040.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..08200c78885c7b6c3488fc0da16e10533be62c9c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00040.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e3b216e81283cef1bba0c19693401c485589b6d764d249e27c733027c7fd1afa +size 53710 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00041.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00041.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..353d36f2ac3267ad2d8a33a15156764733129655 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00041.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:897274cad0a87245af2ec3c737951a6db3f7765cf9d9bdc1b45dc6d946b0b45c +size 95497 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00042.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00042.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e415286145256e282163b6c3cb186c87b5a2a91a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00042.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8469802b16d3b4120ec66d1e8ce961909c3e2bd10d4776ddffbbc2c46875e836 +size 125501 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00043.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00043.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a183eda3752247f8359254bde9fe6f828f417ec1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00043.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c75036890a3366f012cc81d2ab33e021636d035803fbc02b3f96f55cd9c12705 +size 139110 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00044.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00044.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e92ef164e2e381206e3b777540c781509050942b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00044.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b5c564e696530e93aefb9bceb92c4701e42f8dfb2410c63f0d0594777ecd3bbf +size 144992 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00045.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00045.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0c827f28232fb7b1d19406d60b8abe9b7cc0121f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00045.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f142ff185fe8eb7ee9ac356f89fffa935060213161531bb2cf1ebd0c33799659 +size 102837 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00046.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00046.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e0b964c757e7d897009f1a6246997566c0f261b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00046.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b87bd3a78c8684934dc5aff7abbc0b2dc6e9ed6220b9869665214242852c513c +size 96626 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00047.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00047.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..35a82de399873f6143031fe8c3901fb00e542795 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00047.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6e05a01fa066ba51476b402dc5fe7fb69a1cec1057f81f5c117d9fec5701d9f2 +size 52078 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00048.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00048.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b516832fca8a28a77e0403eebb046c4fd55280f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00048.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:832784e4f165243a2c644694a2949dc897f409d19c8df477962dcc374ccb0285 +size 71402 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00049.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00049.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..34ea9bccae802d0a451a38d57438e0a197edc4f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00049.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a0aeb5435b80af842581c4b613ade19eabca21edb7e7379f775e2f1627d4920a +size 83069 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00050.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00050.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2397f09e210659dbc4410879f47c9166c810d9c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00050.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e8f890aa4cbac9b3912958aab9b566208b797a620f60fdcab0a326c0b018125c +size 65811 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00051.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00051.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..135154ba372e42cdfeccb03fb8f76dd1f2eeb878 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00051.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:dbedf4177361f30c20687b374ef8a31e16553367e5d3df49cf913417027cfb70 +size 54068 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00052.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00052.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..821086f57533132e4af431356d30ee0d3d4ec4dc --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00052.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:01664ac2ece6153bc02679a0181eda50556e56e3a72c93432e1e233903c83e08 +size 48498 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00053.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00053.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..502fe7488cfc69ff111cbfc5694ed125639a28d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00053.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:abb7a984aa5c42875fb19abf94b3ee3de3407d716d62cf69fc80333b71bdf4c5 +size 97374 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00054.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00054.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..579afbd78fe81317189f65d0695552f557711acd --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00054.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:19d39de43b3e7543471e8f55d8b29797a43cfda28a1b7b5b9c1abe1751859d87 +size 82004 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00055.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00055.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e6329316c7c5483e7a4e5039d1cc60a8fa3facd6 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00055.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b78957f1b61029975e7ab57bd17ea682983352af02e92bc83fdfb9ff4272dbfc +size 90126 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00056.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00056.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..081694f369e9f4a80ece44a462f8c136d06dd8ab --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00056.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0f9cf76da2e9956067fae2e531af2acc48863b5de5a2719fc4c23aab2cb34255 +size 103513 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00057.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00057.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a594981a13936b10d64c832e41dd7bbe16a6b169 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00057.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5123c8ce718a59a7f60bc33b67b20fcbc37334af51e68e0618182661029791d9 +size 103958 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00058.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00058.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43b981d40451bbd86003e53dca91056b4f5ee68c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00058.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:56b4b75eb875ef21df5a1dd2bf95024db6e9455d027c5b90e455562dcb5b45d5 +size 57549 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00059.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00059.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c45ccdc51188ef985007d0f2ad52963b8a0684d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00059.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5fa7292e05bde9b343350fa035755ab35c8ed9fc52ca1347d7938da85606c4b1 +size 118379 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00060.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00060.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b7555854ec5c044433ad206fdf359920253d6375 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00060.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2f1969a36727944c9c61f9c4eccb3e8658364aaa4a5377d77902e490fcde37f4 +size 85246 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00061.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00061.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..11725e59f33204b4a729556810f6e263ea7a7178 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00061.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6b79761f4daf255489199f5e455f0d8c13f602e655c74a639c5a8d6247f37024 +size 80264 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00062.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00062.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f7b2fe2d9c63f9059c7ff485496432ed02d06143 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00062.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c69243ab6881c8e1487d81b33c5f5674420b31256431a0d930dc05a2afd41e58 +size 70089 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00063.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00063.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..71db0867a39ae0ead094ca1ec8eee978b892414e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00063.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:017e5a69679da3cb72e5ee67b10b1f3e34d44d3585c445c4709ea46fc1432eff +size 116772 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00064.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00064.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bf23027aa1e5cf42867135f9d1fd3d9899ccd307 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00064.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:413ff2c8dabffe99f3554b3fe4d1ff81b7755c1f8ee3783ef496dcdd8555a9f4 +size 132413 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00065.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00065.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..58cb1f586e2841dbb43eae5d79485244ddf74c19 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00065.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:53323195e97ba8b734c87f5bea94b6162a57ee3280f49b8c2c97a29cdf906f98 +size 127564 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00066.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00066.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1acf51c1d7cd6899c66fd6761a87dd8a60ea3400 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00066.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d4f55387f0a3667e21a9553b4fa97fec36f22f7cf875f4635c3b5e10e64ec804 +size 94002 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00067.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00067.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..da683f032643885ead16e4186ea4e15f5284813e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00067.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fbc7fc14ac0d739511271626038722b9cd23d2101e43b546237a298822fd511a +size 132779 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00068.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00068.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..220370f5274c96604bfe082bba416bf2e512887b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00068.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:40bccbc84e2c87c104bfb662fd0cbdb8e2f76b468f7fb0953f8bcaf2b0488384 +size 64498 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00069.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00069.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0d86e6d2f30d8df8bd558f9b8308a85635619371 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00069.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4d386582283cf156354af1aa2aa08253aac4105efcbacfa7c050f2c0acccf963 +size 41660 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00070.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00070.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b035a21691a3009ccea0a2ad5762cc4f1ca22cf7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00070.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:34dbd9dc94f0eb03f3493d4c72331612319c2f72db0b9b3deb28992000a1e519 +size 53319 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00071.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00071.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d48a5ea925d2a16f89392ab92515c853c76dbd7a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00071.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7fe7760ac53731425f19f81e749f5909387a83a912ba638fbee6930c0c6b27e2 +size 132850 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00072.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00072.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0c64f8bc5380c22050b17436c647d260446a40d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00072.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:dba13ed8652900b900e77e55ffce929a23b7ba0d78ffaf2bd62e7bc60f75e4b9 +size 131331 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00073.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00073.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fbe5ebba5738d43e4c5b3d10e820aa3f805dce99 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00073.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a8d2e34721f80631925c53ce489b138773800d95c214e98d68acbffe13c65856 +size 83854 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00074.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00074.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..978cc59432c2f8da1813ccbe017c55d87cb68929 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00074.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c8dd67dd4bada2e691709f7f1cd9528b81219ace5875598565a0bebc65a8d636 +size 120340 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00075.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00075.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ab33caa8d36599c3542c573d24f05c42a29121c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00075.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f734d97c3dd3c8a2922033b9cd8c1ba5b2ca5ac72d056e275a49828a38011db4 +size 115363 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00076.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00076.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b1835ae0dfa848fab3a04b6a3e8efe28ca0062f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00076.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:93ff302afcbc7874aa85ddee49751478e48eb95f3b674edaedafcf8ce4eb9201 +size 93592 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00077.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00077.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dc07ad4ac29327f24cbbe9db8c2b37f9ab50861d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00077.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:75d580026b55833fa6dddb30509b20120bd04e77cba693836407519864a792b1 +size 130223 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00078.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00078.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7c4e68cb644626b373e3cf19ee0a1cc19c92ac51 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00078.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:226ec00e83c90b46104bc7fff54e5454a8c3c8200dbf189fe60c6abd258f2ec9 +size 112323 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00079.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00079.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6edb62621f4ee94981c92b54cb0138080a50041f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00079.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f4086be1d7a93f4ffa28b4b584c9f8dc4778ecca4866e3508902f410d600b7d1 +size 97696 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00080.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00080.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f91787e616451fca75f7d5533d5c80e4702d50d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00080.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b7293a7617eb1ffea3a9373adfaabaf0c266b0d4ad0624a33dccf0477660654f +size 50613 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00081.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00081.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e87010f65bfb2ce6d944eed99e9d8da2c515cee9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00081.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:38b827127df6106b26be92f79c10993052c65b0c96c4d4a6b3ff69251fb7a445 +size 123206 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00082.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00082.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1cb67af612b6a5f0a2905a180225b22c7f448bc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00082.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9c68742352d43f5306e5907d125b9cc7b504d4714d8b26574aaac04f5811f86f +size 117307 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00083.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00083.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0b2d9cf4a0345930c2603676d595eb219cc77d6f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00083.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6e13b4918bdea69aac246ecd6ea7c0c58adfbf1f03f54f2697b3927cb6d90d6d +size 129635 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00084.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00084.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cc1babb9695c742923d580ad197c28111e44f824 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00084.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b872ecbd52372fecfb349eaee0ff49ab2fc53b1c82d634ef6b5ff64a9e297759 +size 69230 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00085.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00085.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4f23be285e4add6834dced34fe205a141a2934e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00085.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2930de8baf9927f9d700989f75479413e3274c41068e00e442ddcc334649cdfc +size 112614 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00086.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00086.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0ab2dd965bad2f2a1bf34e1f992d1bac497cd0ec --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00086.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:579718d39385b26c5af3b087df6ca631c95145721e38af9f2522e3ea78b72173 +size 48557 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00087.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00087.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9cb23338521af05e051bf86d98dd89d39da6f261 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00087.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:008cc0faf3733758c0c123f9ec13dcc7ff98b9a166eda886899edf0014bb0810 +size 79581 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00088.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00088.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8339a2e9bf9e05d41694c662c05b63a06cbe2089 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00088.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:79e0ddc293b7143b4462eae9a0ad8e2b6041fb499179dc4aecedb34b1aa7f7fb +size 138123 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00089.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00089.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a7fe4dfd37e7b5ee20a3a0d4b496f991148c8257 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00089.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fb916d4ea64026d51ad3c5fd0a125199328d35edb31e5a7cd75c3172c68a4ee7 +size 98560 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00090.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00090.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5d0022d023c5f3627b219f7964160e25e8fa72cd --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00090.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3008403b29d68ed458e8fe34b86abccc96961029d54c8ee736937b1af48ba619 +size 137028 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00091.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00091.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..60be182b45ee337690be7c8ca81d1c980fb74368 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00091.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c4885f3ad3f666754e0b3a77fe2f2259c5e9a923a478e7a058ae80bea973bba8 +size 63671 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00092.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00092.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4af673446de958fc4d2cb22b4d6c8830aea4129b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00092.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:bceab0439a599e31118e558b5d16c62938b1a38b20a735404110f15d4bab8134 +size 85428 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00093.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00093.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e04db2b1ad32e0b2e772016377fa51d830c7b43e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00093.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ee8f5cf6b68c2f4ccb35fd2e1dfa6bc93ae235d35fea749c0dac8cead04a3e21 +size 68494 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00094.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00094.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3fdd4deb9baf8aa8981669b8df9a038eed277371 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00094.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e909137d5470f63bd98c3335672374a09db61ecd360b2b306424cd64d99c39f4 +size 148730 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00095.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00095.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..86e9db6e3463af3bb4a162c273cd247dd736f5a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00095.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1d6fac6195491cc29b9972ce1aefcfe12df62fcc2027ad98533ce3ebd751f401 +size 72542 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00096.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00096.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b7555854ec5c044433ad206fdf359920253d6375 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00096.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2f1969a36727944c9c61f9c4eccb3e8658364aaa4a5377d77902e490fcde37f4 +size 85246 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00097.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00097.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9cb23338521af05e051bf86d98dd89d39da6f261 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00097.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:008cc0faf3733758c0c123f9ec13dcc7ff98b9a166eda886899edf0014bb0810 +size 79581 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00098.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00098.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e559314642240751611ce42d197b1484b1aea3a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00098.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b931219c27114037d8d702c9e01095b761ef415c37621aa048ad82acb04621b4 +size 60493 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00099.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00099.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f5e34b097f82c952132c106f7ef9eae5c32d61aa --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00099.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d1de19874c773c9fac6008aebcace16f823988b4ed22097068059daed9f697f2 +size 76041 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00100.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00100.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2739b5f7df41f8044e88c1b31f417aced1700047 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00100.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:58ea353763fdca832371c1df3405efedbd171b995e6e02a2bf8d93cb67e7ef43 +size 53837 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00101.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00101.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3e9574d1e734e93f545f8fc01e2398916da129ec --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00101.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6c59f274f1940d844071992b1eb96c056eb38c88f0bbe6e99a562e798b2b2aae +size 69459 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00102.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00102.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6d65f7607cfd9501ec38a0b071b49800dbf86bd9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00102.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2a34343cdf3a0d5ae6f437c6c23f5aff58d3d5822b7fc7069dc709a8c74a645a +size 2659189 diff --git a/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00103.png b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00103.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f0020af6eae3bc89b86fa43c6b2c61584b4edbec --- /dev/null +++ b/images/manufacturing_operation_sop_00103.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:bb19ee2d45e7389eb2d876afafee26365bd3e9001f103394b862031fbf76b610 +size 59420 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00001.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00001.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..82df48d499c0b01b876e0867c035032d2a66c0d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00001.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:06cbb0f4d818befa55b01dab259b8e8ee9ec06006e0f33124f0f1c0ce32422bc +size 433582 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00002.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00002.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9e1b8e62ca4e214beea3dcf3e3d9bc988431a598 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00002.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b39d36d6f198be2024649809eba7bc33f5326133e59c44614e35510358e0adc1 +size 358464 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00003.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00003.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..314f38411736a46d611640d51f276344e08b241d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00003.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e3758955ad700737b807bd48b53f7fd3abe3b83123536bb4cd427fc8c0d50a30 +size 578326 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00004.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00004.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6a13d04eee7c1b3acd2552a2799ac3c116e659ff --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00004.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a16bc982367e7fe5b6c6eaa427799bd0e816950c4bb046e93676afbf1e003a62 +size 822152 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00005.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00005.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..68940f31f680b8f3259a6efa74f935860dc55e3a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00005.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:dcad5b34aa3a013995e6859530cec833f10c04a5b04d1ba8c6996a5ba3806310 +size 541463 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00006.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00006.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..41b3bae1056ab4ee8e8c8fa0e99a2d4ed22f2117 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00006.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9b85a77bd0747cb0d5f9dacafe2288d5a78b2e07ddb130427373e02d7629eaa1 +size 509020 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00007.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00007.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8e2b9842b77f86f44f6dfb5fc0ad3510e24c5dcc --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00007.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:69e531697de025e80966c97b5939d8db35fa239f5f74828c56452f1b7430b266 +size 732052 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00008.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00008.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6ce09623e9acdf2e20e5123a420bef85334668c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00008.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ac752e50fbc437f567a46340c91c7e336364a3a39fcbb83cb44cd09240f7b228 +size 510157 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00009.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00009.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..efb4a13dfea8bc2e3680f68ea656907c238bbdb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00009.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6f020dd3f1b292f94910dd3fbde7726ca751e463cbc35281af864f967df78c27 +size 496393 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00010.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00010.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3c1bb80df722138fc0be2328db09321b69f582b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00010.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d8b7afdafb270c3aafd00b71e88319e479832d5deb7e8323ae1a9a4aaf143c3d +size 368636 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00011.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00011.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5595c806c883e91149b77c4bd39b215c9f63138f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00011.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f95900430ceac1ab14c2ad9c3a6146cabd233b7e0b415d3427824e7e835004bd +size 477881 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00012.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00012.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..01e983c9ced1391a3812b0b800d8112d43126930 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00012.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8b248c0cce4c5580904ff5b6c3b7b39024f6f53f172d5425fd1caf182ac3f302 +size 618097 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00013.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00013.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..64bb8b2f4a3de0529577698bacc2a659fbc9d690 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00013.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:48234641757ecfdfb1d4a5a5da783f10eeaf0a99e73e54229587329541afce5d +size 1175034 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00014.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00014.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..56ee58c32442e5b83d6bf228bf24d2357f32f490 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00014.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8005d8f5b50277ddd2ae8530e911c6f18db5ed977ab0465e126796b3b8d155c8 +size 751037 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00015.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00015.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8d47b4f0d5877eb188691cf9258d5fd4c92e06b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00015.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f8242152879133e67c201aebc732660860a8be7050ea68199d18ef2121c0421d +size 635099 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00016.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00016.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a4a09a1df4a47705f58b05606e6cd6c0b00abb4a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00016.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8a1eab720cc4453ceac820b54854d8e015b248686c7cdac5d9a803b75d8a2454 +size 577779 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00017.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00017.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..49dec287cd2eefa04eb31a0f50f8f473e66e76a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00017.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:204d8fb29f62178510609b2f6f6fca5b01b7cce0be7a21ae023b362ba51d5ec9 +size 507819 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00018.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00018.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..460e20175e1665d3cb9032e57c30f8b0f963dc08 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00018.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:21afb17b73c611680172ede9d89ea3e41401fca209176faeca7671c44f04024e +size 129010 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00019.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00019.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..db522aa381335d2c5b42bab22223e848c2de26ea --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00019.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:740c403a95599c38da7299d9815fbb7d0e82313b9f1b08b2503d9bae015339fa +size 127768 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00020.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00020.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8cf64b529367e901cd39265f0c38cc3e9ab7a996 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00020.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d6f4c349126a13607fe9a0ecd71fd2444cc03973ac1211e88fa01a9ca656892b +size 372100 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00021.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00021.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f77ebe2a700e4b5897be025269175e8d97bd25d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00021.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0949cb15010d9a068081165145b61633b7ec33deb91a9e5ba7ca2bc4e51e8848 +size 438222 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00022.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00022.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7205a41d464609fc90cd60ffcfe68a746a9b422c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00022.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c020f12d20d858250e2f7519f41f4cc49a2aa78194124041bc7870940d071f5d +size 475198 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00023.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00023.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ab2d9e4ce7711a7b47a53bb475ed108e2dfffd50 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00023.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:870bef9312cb2a46f1d3005e50f08b65e10cf70ea04d533f248004bbf6069254 +size 242521 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00024.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00024.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..884cc68505aee8e1f8174a45cacf11825df9f331 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00024.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:75f662be985b09b1021579cbbb3451ec31be9d02c27a1a24f65bd5ba6745a54b +size 190664 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00025.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00025.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d724ca2f39b016b10eed442f662dedde78b969f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00025.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4b8801d0233d83f5c910c2951945fdbae99dab493214bf8da3f9f7b57b90ed52 +size 239651 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00026.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00026.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..037840151e3f1ce5cc597d55c9ea34a69c857b47 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00026.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b727f7a13e237ae214f38100f3d21ce21554eb8b6fb1278314ddf7a05a02fbd0 +size 456710 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00027.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00027.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6a15de84b749e904676993d16a60ceaf68da75d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00027.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ba4fa8f3b9e4c956b9b1813bbecb926468935c86c3432d35a7c56a7cd0e7d98f +size 284058 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00028.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00028.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bf8264c179d4b69f7878fdfe5f8b38f2c3ebaef7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00028.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9ea84ecb545346f54675fa327872f68f859b8b0d1096d6aecabdee5417b41929 +size 286994 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00029.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00029.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..04747f5e55c0b6484bff505cc75fecedef2640ba --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00029.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8edbab70492e513f2c1bea3a7487f0a27244e284a62b2434d5034d3d5f693427 +size 436092 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00030.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00030.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2671faae8a9b812098b0db5c4e19f12638b55f5b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00030.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:debf4d2c58a80fc33f7ed4c6de2ce0d1ba41ab82554c95ccb0b3a7b67d965f30 +size 407296 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00031.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00031.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..734734f2c46b6c43ffcc57dabb190a2db5d50e61 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00031.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3e45075845f226cb670edd13cb081feedc91320382f7b087ba1fcedd848031b1 +size 347899 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00032.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00032.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..218948de05cfef8e0babe4b8a76c1f6a5c12ffc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00032.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4883b8f2bfd1ad0087a9e74a1845bce2faedf610045c01271bb6dbcdfb9a03bb +size 373791 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00033.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00033.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..730e5c1a271ec1652e29f3db4f2432939cbc6b02 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00033.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:58edebc22cb35ac813f05f029fc4cdfd0b1902574c86fdc1ce9d3ef205454253 +size 508977 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00034.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00034.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b4a10acc411b30eaf300b4af4f54833425cea139 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00034.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9d56774abd1fd6182dcd9a9008593e62a696912dc6b4f027a8faa2b2d35fc334 +size 362186 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00035.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00035.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..80b6e38f747aaa8242200ab1e7ecdbff0707b149 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00035.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:308dbcd7d560875ac0c22cf05cc2b0d8a9a417f99e6eb6c2f2f3ce9cb37cecaa +size 421856 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00036.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00036.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..35289be521057b700a8dd9b5a358e396cc34b16b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00036.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:db91e6a261c9a5c361428d067f05714768292cc384ba6d9d38a66738fe9f0b1d +size 385180 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00037.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00037.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dae5372fec372aa7f825c5924013e94435238447 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00037.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d096e1ef53f63da1ba7908b15d9e3e6f3d914ca58f2de61557c23d108edd7006 +size 413368 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00038.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00038.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..076ddf41cf5b4704e8847e6656f37d4785ea4458 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00038.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:cc14d32dd481aa653cb393ef89524b4512fc598c388e569d666b93883cc2525e +size 293106 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00039.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00039.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e09ea2820e0045cad7227c107fae46cba6ed9374 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00039.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3302f6330dc50f897c6fe93531c6b4c3e374564f612aea592d808ce97d0bd44c +size 1363981 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00040.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00040.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..79dc20a22ff67f92f3663ba63d787e355550e9d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00040.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:35c47a961bf4f54eb2b904a00decabb64ff9de3d64eb3546722d30b3df3cfa86 +size 463251 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00041.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00041.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..06de54f74c1cba9588d2a939fb21e9c9158c1c28 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00041.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f26273a30d921dc1a9a940299ebc607a90f1327a7ed5f7a95bfd9cf17919693a +size 258385 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00042.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00042.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a579f05ea8799bba949ddad29f1d7184db5631b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00042.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:be4e60fdfa627c5b5897d3db3ec6a4e739f05cdc49b808ecdca65110e99b8fdc +size 304221 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00043.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00043.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1e6f1e44f31d1540857abb493f4c128ce626b1f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00043.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ac8b6ac61fde50130ae2ab7d27cde52009e6237167049e4141e06513d0708b97 +size 508966 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00044.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00044.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..46e5b86ebfd541a240f16be0384c9d1acbf39eb4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00044.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:cb6f3ba78fedd4edfb57247c12d126513a2e8b42d864a4f9151af3493c77094d +size 1364982 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00045.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00045.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3c078ae43200f5497947e4f9a0254a539ed3f94f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00045.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:247afe10522e3b655d45fc86d424016109157ebb915b897cc63a3f870388913b +size 497414 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00046.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00046.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..47cbfb33540ee21bc01a33e9443a5bafa086de66 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00046.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b22e1b5037db71f3c3f1c15d4f86f93a54aac44f76e1398021fe1ec566df6761 +size 264840 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00047.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00047.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65fb762c7f0132253a02ea5e9e74c70931c9bb01 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00047.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ab794e37fc182936eb02f0162a91c58c1b41768203e45fb28bc65ba5cdbcde35 +size 303856 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00048.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00048.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0013c67ab37a48585eda436b6974431226016dfc --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00048.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:375146ca83f50fb96c5df99d9d59aa97b6ba48fcfa8a779391aa3910e5cd7e54 +size 424327 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00049.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00049.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..465e75aff5ea907bdd2677c27d6dc72cbf92fdbf --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00049.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:df781594907e364273d2ed93da8164c62dabf37fa77611a18c5f3842cc14f25f +size 300451 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00050.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00050.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9c3d0d5d1dd897a4356cc6b5e8e3d5cffcd7d9a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00050.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8506568f68d0b434ed7f47299590b6f016862d24949c708d1c6bed32bfa72b24 +size 245946 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00051.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00051.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6520612a5d72605ae93882d988f7efff42505433 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00051.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:25bae120dfb9f4a2e294743f64b9bea7c8dd45e396d786f6d859fc66904db38a +size 790760 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00052.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00052.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dfb57edbc942596d9e5055e879581c46f760447a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00052.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7104f4e4157777f5138d45871c6b5b8fd73ee4918c3e1f1dfe692c1a72c894f6 +size 480384 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00053.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00053.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3fdf06fb8fbb65780694d966d5f636fe7c598fe4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00053.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3c4e343fd25ceeddc5a96131b1feb49557e91dac4ab149b959fabcad4b988272 +size 662236 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00054.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00054.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..effbf52999934fc7badff0333fdfc3d02d4db7fc --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00054.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ec294eca9aa8d44d20cfc5dc930d7f848bb9e660dca6d96abe0480a5486d36f2 +size 453896 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00055.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00055.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7fa751b31e4c40c7821654ab4fc44f32748db07a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00055.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:623c692e9af45b6a73801d3d941e31f079f362ee128def51eb45ca022d6772b7 +size 367663 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00056.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00056.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8021df215d24bf30a29a47dd5180b8d202b04080 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00056.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:267084a4c5192b13e74bed9bac60a425d16760e4b1a1fe3be4530fbb3fb27547 +size 657555 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00057.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00057.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ae8e3578610fa07c555468f10864913a0dbb2c0a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00057.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:13a1b5a79133496cc016c2f0ccdd5284f9c32ec7cb9a867b8a0008f7498a0787 +size 432967 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00058.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00058.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9e45432072f6de41c5ecba0e61afed0e94341498 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00058.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f984a229e57c315753189dfea6dd57a483e0d15226b74d7a1282928af0179b20 +size 810707 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00059.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00059.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..40a8340c9366399345b8268344fbacb434acb2f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00059.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3dfa7cee8fe0da52e253e3a560758794f09b52eef40e48397ef962273c36c26b +size 866623 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00060.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00060.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65bf8b19ca2495ec43ddc1a4a003f69d1702cb2c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00060.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2941023b09b24724dfb30f6eeeb1dad317458a08a8ecea05219082f4fd937b22 +size 757368 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00061.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00061.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4e28781c95d590d11a967ec079460762feff7dc8 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00061.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ee8cfaa4cf0a799b96b60e4815872b56796d836e39e1d0700da87dfae939a452 +size 1727637 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00062.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00062.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..276fa9c5d9a7c4288824dcfd95f252eb37bd79c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00062.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:708bf38f6100559fb92e2adea339a3014a09ca17d642d8835ed305652a206372 +size 1115738 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00063.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00063.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e21c615d3095a8594093095022b95ea8d3795f79 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00063.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6f35327313a76afc3df0d781aa2191757215c7cbc0ebadd78b101ce0d9e1c7f0 +size 944002 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00064.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00064.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4c16308a714eded5be0b11f19b8d2a542c0d26cf --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00064.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7391c66fb4dc21e310cc6a35f160fd5c501a77f73e552cf7dd5996096d48544c +size 775005 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00065.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00065.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2e4cce4724cf356a0c81fcb1151a40efeb097143 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00065.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5b8dd0f9838fde0fe46adfa5fcb513b17357e90a78095ebd00fb0a42ccf85601 +size 1211371 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00066.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00066.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..154898a5930c0a57da80ce196317ef3c6ed93438 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00066.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d4da610d2332b2879c11a5e26cd3582bd5f9f7ae5f7cb181745c1f5b5e811e25 +size 42620 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00067.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00067.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..957c2b06b318c286d99ff0c06ba8d3370275996e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00067.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d87c569edf466ed7e7021dd5f2e625c4a305efc5eb3f65a9cce4f9274f6e6d30 +size 871743 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00068.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00068.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..120d070f32510a4f2b52f25ec9cd754606b352f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00068.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:78a87a706880e41ea738ed3bab238070760929e98c8dde15ec13d83dd7474adf +size 1332695 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00069.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00069.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e488b946d8f17cc91e41fe2e6d94e3b7a7f525ca --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00069.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:90e0ba4f75ded8bdef19d959114dcb857b0e9f1787932d1c247615b7315a56fc +size 1895472 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00070.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00070.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cad3daf0a1c3c880bf6e585ea8536499d1ae605f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00070.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:79cf58b7505b0ee7e373ed9d28d94c125137035656a8d4d46cb462246827c939 +size 871516 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00071.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00071.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..11ea1afae94160f7ace2eb935f04e48706f3b1d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00071.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b7b9675c184e62b373c5ee3d6235f37fb85e8cd2d88a2284eae221b7afb391b0 +size 994475 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00072.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00072.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b7af8fa07d2c6ef8b9393f5a7ec427f600df30a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00072.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fbc6b4208fad3dc2fca60ffda544cfdd10d272086f49f8734b76674dcf44bf62 +size 715464 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00073.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00073.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aa78a044c1bbb1e65e07441e85aaaa495f0bf2ce --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00073.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4ecf05cf8aa8812d0de9999eb0d0e821edde516c6738ebe2a68c74e39392f8c8 +size 1160536 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00074.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00074.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7303c50bb168f6d38d18b00b1b91013ff757f088 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00074.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:84d6389b748ed285bd4697e0bafbbce56d467d35c8412d05705c356c38b12e66 +size 780380 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00075.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00075.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c11a92d3fe45e4a343b4c4dd4acda4049919a79d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00075.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:089b19b98503518b656491ac89ba200c52770d051dd69c4d6dce60ec3ef79da9 +size 754820 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00076.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00076.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4edcf055d6439129dfe3a10434d51c0d5d8e08f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00076.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2a4ed7dbf9d5e383713ffadb8531cb92cbbe7e4ef65864bf403b37931ae96a12 +size 1289845 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00077.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00077.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6ca45e6d786f85bdb9c1221003eb1ae8be437a14 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00077.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:65be8400969472d9c2ddb72af9eb40c792a26c6073e7b70c4bd81fc71038bf0e +size 925909 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00078.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00078.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fff75be721a59977d44f0ad8816f967973fa25f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00078.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7a6b5a128ac385f32a8351ff256666d1fdda35bed6418b026d82d4048b372b55 +size 1094911 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00079.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00079.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..885611e86ef6d202bd3413bc02d24176bbd54efa --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00079.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7c27fdaa636109fda207fbb97bf5ec39e080972ffdb9e808a6d1ca7fd10eda45 +size 824320 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00080.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00080.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4f6d9c32265cb852db0eee316d6c2c159e5af0d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00080.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:51b6b2a7b027f33ae2d655ea7e80efbe87e2c4edf4417c895e7d64505cf02dc0 +size 1481714 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00081.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00081.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..87c5b883a9be33f48179e1512dd97e1bda631177 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00081.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:89848dd7fb5588744ad997c4a355575961d4bf953fac1181a5961027eacfd18e +size 1005125 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00082.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00082.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3357c57214a2782d03802d9b76f8bbc008c886dc --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00082.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:519f416738098991b652eaa1a6a0716dc7fbb5cee619c5b1b9fe6103874bdac7 +size 1241519 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00083.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00083.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..231421a39d83372d3fdc9ecaf512370dbe5e3e16 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00083.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:bb36abc70b87a6c322bd4423370424c88e1a4279be9914f99fe7ef0593549444 +size 1459698 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00084.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00084.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f7d7620dc5325a8cfa6705a85aee1579074a3e0e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00084.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:cac4939c71f015d0084a9fab33eece4ab41829bec176de2f39c46c2cd7feab0d +size 721936 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00085.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00085.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3c81b31746c0b0be8ed386369fb9357938a1d123 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00085.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7669c8826d50afda3e8bd93b3f0901ed7b314efcca2eeb33eb3311cab05ba70a +size 501591 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00086.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00086.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c96e9592ad210526bec25fad3010c4456bbd1e53 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00086.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c01dea4b486b19991ba32690af669e815fe8a8fb0f37fd1bfbddf3cb9e2efaa9 +size 1213988 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00087.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00087.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4f673524c3df639259fed94f60fc8e8f87db99c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00087.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1cdb989743726bf2aa1037beb09ead4f879d27c70bf110ed7b7e9fd46b2e0409 +size 889380 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00088.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00088.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..122a14fc307bb38713bb062c61999acf0bae2cf7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00088.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:de21deddfc71357bc489806243860c165140732c5273a29c329d4619543310e1 +size 1467956 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00089.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00089.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..88541001fc7167fa65d6dae6c7e96dbe5cd79eb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00089.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6e735c347e1802e42fcb518125a8d6d8ac73f712a0c6360d1342070831de74e9 +size 1502689 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00090.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00090.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..35bcd2be35701349a890dd7f8fc09d155e6caae3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00090.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:57e75c25327b8eabadb0a752e1501f205e6793f49b6cac38148112c4ec0dc090 +size 496450 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00091.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00091.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..882cce14e0687b00a4b25f7986f7441f736fdca4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00091.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8df4bc9f1d8b77b4d11833d4c67ba65fef3d5b0cfff3c98d2c7c0bac8ae3a663 +size 1202627 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00092.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00092.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..21d857243aaaa5f88eb80627d89e2c8d38a152ff --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00092.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a2f40156d2c86b20ac842796a06250231b5829019cbefc655a764a47cac2f19e +size 732358 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00093.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00093.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8f8fbcb36d1883a13dcbfc87c4e03bc9249f3cac --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00093.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c86143708d94dd3e167b386e198e4a516f35217edc0b94fa5a78cffd47e41a05 +size 1085400 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00094.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00094.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5edf79ff9599048551da729ea9a08ba61e507194 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00094.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0a03fdea4b71ef5e4820b1b508992975494de9daea5542e307f8787f52cd8dbf +size 1037968 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00095.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00095.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f2011efc2f5e33755617ed5586b65e520673b68f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00095.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:243b493dbb8d58ba3b1235585b3500de759c178aaf105dbd94cb87e52ced1f78 +size 1239407 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00096.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00096.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f1e4a2578976f2bbc3a4107eb7818227a44e50df --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00096.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a8903deb3c8f5e0234465b4e9a69d58b62b9c57283113802d7db938823d31c4b +size 947619 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00097.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00097.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..121a25fe49d1e7161a9457e47a79d257f0b24694 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00097.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:627b113c3ec693e18de66b7a5868c4ca412ff44f5eadc5b4926e346580965f9c +size 588074 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00098.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00098.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7709420e72c4e83c5f029e526c3597800ac381c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00098.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e7aefaaaab775ef1584a9599be2e212d3ac140e6958f413067735ad6e7416a14 +size 626756 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00099.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00099.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4398d3b81ce74a25b0b324cfda2706f5fecf731d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00099.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6884d479fd06c810db66b64f46fd0b189bf8f72aa2f3733bc33683cd7a54c0f6 +size 1321907 diff --git a/images/research_academic_paper_00100.png b/images/research_academic_paper_00100.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..37cfe08f1e0da7b3a0ce8a2b738b41b0dd689d88 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_academic_paper_00100.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:99aa9c4dafe9f208929fd740694ec16f4d856dbe1e4aef48764d09b8311f9125 +size 981460 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00001.png b/images/research_patent_00001.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1fd67e16ec52793efb816d81fa5c128b2553e406 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00001.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:07d3737b37e7f2def41cdc1cf2a971b86bab7b2653257834ed59d9e71bb43c66 +size 103757 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00002.png b/images/research_patent_00002.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3101a9ea5ffa466f0f211e52cbe528180ef55966 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00002.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:bacb6b9f9f10f379e30a21ce187123480e1a26e0a94e59ac50fae8bd3db194d8 +size 144864 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00003.png b/images/research_patent_00003.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b450c8c0ca68cdf8998bef82b3a8a6d6c67ea09f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00003.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6c7641d78854368eede61c98642bc23ec88196e3a41b091e6ea176d311c171bd +size 106963 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00004.png b/images/research_patent_00004.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..83f4c5424b260c63879c701d00bdbc735ff57249 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00004.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:952a5b768929b1fe4271b6288c6d0ca3fc043d3234cbf05e47428e84e3a4ba9d +size 98337 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00005.png b/images/research_patent_00005.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b2187dbf8d8576dc05e154190f668f6c281cdf0e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00005.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5414b9e59f31a90fd30d29831ec355cfa7b3c71b92793097570df799fbc70e2c +size 138366 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00006.png b/images/research_patent_00006.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..12900c2f64e4b6977868ebae4965a424c3a35d6c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00006.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:80cdba905a5a86159683f25b2a0a7407fde2417213b7f73d72508708cc8c03ce +size 115896 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00007.png b/images/research_patent_00007.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c1a792704f361131914d41fb5ea038af3545c128 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00007.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b6a6384352dc3f0faeaf2df523df6a89b907a8d68e850930c7cbace4a8ad7d3b +size 57279 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00008.png b/images/research_patent_00008.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6ee45185a591adf4a166cf1cad383ff1dd0228dd --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00008.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9b4aee2ee88457846919aaa12bc8498b0c257e3343e24313cf90b85f91e61a23 +size 124976 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00009.png b/images/research_patent_00009.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6c34562ee07d062c451cc1cfe6f8591f2948dc92 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00009.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c8c20262668b29be6a8863c118b62f926f3f310bed2f9fe7b7095e1e98a84e03 +size 155620 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00010.png b/images/research_patent_00010.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ab479d6e6a0709bd2593fdecdf683316083044be --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00010.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e8d62839a54a7f398bd752c6db824f2191948d655fb2737d2a7892be1ebf54bf +size 189105 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00011.png b/images/research_patent_00011.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3cd5c09c47e24ce8acb9c766aa024bbbceb0e5c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00011.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:57eee84253b94c31db55e70273ced7ca674f6e9a41edea7112f354f5d50ada50 +size 151389 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00012.png b/images/research_patent_00012.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ffe4ec3144a3ce91eac04007303a3a1a219999e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00012.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e64ecf12c35daa0c213023fc27ef318860475a1a17e48b287c5fe52731fbe65b +size 176287 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00013.png b/images/research_patent_00013.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f4a71c4f934f9c6b35d35dc4724b7f715c98de32 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00013.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4491f830721f6544e4a432c92208b8146cf33c22abeeef7db1e495e771f18d08 +size 48766 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00014.png b/images/research_patent_00014.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a78cf1142460245dc2d45349ca311576c9bdbcbf --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00014.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:51ab38d63735e6c6fdd091a87b92cba25722c8e2450d139348b613d7b58486a2 +size 257398 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00015.png b/images/research_patent_00015.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0cb70f06020bb1c2d63d057e702eddd5ef4c2cfc --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00015.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:558835faf2d01ccf6cecfc58ba7e1abe73ab26cfdbbffc23fa0edea687ad1ee5 +size 147840 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00016.png b/images/research_patent_00016.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..09d7014243deb2942686f7fc1d563358594bed8a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00016.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d613d3e27023590525db71fcdd444fa637a1614ca65069bcb010e1f802cdc8b8 +size 139151 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00017.png b/images/research_patent_00017.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fd31034809927cadf2838534bc446d42e652e095 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00017.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6944b66aaa45f67bae4554c4fd50dce34f06ce37736203e1f86c82e78bfcb4e2 +size 151605 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00018.png b/images/research_patent_00018.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..00fba27ce412a8057c86c34ef19548f3c717938a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00018.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5580d7c6faebc6843cc82df7a7a770c11af5d22b3230adf4ed5989f9140c6183 +size 81793 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00019.png b/images/research_patent_00019.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..93a5cd1fe26225ababc077d899cde787c7d23832 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00019.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:37c3d316fb292f67d8980b68911ead9aae741f94d083fb11abe4b0449aeec18f +size 43483 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00020.png b/images/research_patent_00020.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7de455db6ce6c4d14c2d41ba956537c08c3c929d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00020.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a2fea9047e738d921989bfe5a6c6868916141b22157187ef09019f290efc958c +size 48038 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00021.png b/images/research_patent_00021.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3aa9063433b94d33ef22614f8fec320f60fce17c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00021.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a517824ea6151b646ffd174fe657d336394ffadae4d0d6cfb2ae2d65490a9b08 +size 49056 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00022.png b/images/research_patent_00022.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fab02b3aa1a3fd1bf05f748200b1daa276e23d6a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00022.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:21df14c93b35196a510bc4e220ccea5c6fe34ebaaa1614939e4163da1a3dffce +size 132796 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00023.png b/images/research_patent_00023.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1e808d9af58ec1a8051fa5dbf5eac9811431afec --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00023.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f2f84a4b9ac1131a43ac280261e82c4a72a9e9c787d6c313e087a11b0661d7dd +size 121060 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00024.png b/images/research_patent_00024.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..83ec5f041a5e9923767c33fde99e33a44f50985d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00024.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:76d1fdeeb0024164a3a0b4545137e57dc2a2f203fd9c672d615c305de1e22be3 +size 28659 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00025.png b/images/research_patent_00025.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7aeab839c46f1b4b12e6f63d6bc7e71f77ceda4b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00025.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4e0d0f312dad7e078045cc40a940da4bca6699ca43b52172312c9baba334b15e +size 87930 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00026.png b/images/research_patent_00026.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..75000d33d36e24baca087484b8cf8a31a5be8ad4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00026.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8cae1d8cff549256909714511d7e152b43fb306888f45dd96b9c41ce93c0f6e9 +size 82420 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00027.png b/images/research_patent_00027.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..275a8089d1c9c4cf08aeb75190aba3431c76c830 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00027.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0e44600973ae99ec5c656dc2bbc0d152888a5de026f2d94bc29e25db8b7e070f +size 104488 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00028.png b/images/research_patent_00028.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..278d6583714fea4ddef8a410f01416e7316b4819 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00028.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7ff63b3c368e958a8d9d5453016554b5eb8732835dff7a825237d2ee2a715c63 +size 105951 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00029.png b/images/research_patent_00029.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5846808fe3eff32d72981a00dc67c946601c45a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00029.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:242e9faa6b5c38d3df6968452a84521468cf3e1236418d3e668b762abb74c529 +size 85799 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00030.png b/images/research_patent_00030.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c28d9a22291796620cc2c0bc36c20185df7a49e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00030.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:881add974e280ae4dc797938da6a2bd00526c456d9a478231fbce98a9f3bab9b +size 125365 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00031.png b/images/research_patent_00031.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..200323c130d66086601a323ed84d39a4a0e69736 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00031.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:bbe1b8b282358d04bab4d26c2045f0cc5fc20458207eb1e9b40d8e8c55204f11 +size 116183 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00032.png b/images/research_patent_00032.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..607684db10c157800f837faab5666ebcfbdc3842 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00032.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a6a413b2830fa1a6fc2427d57623f05d0071a64f011d51f6b82bc95739851fcf +size 78686 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00033.png b/images/research_patent_00033.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fecb4b52131b2b0c23b6d2f90232a8ee497760b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00033.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:88a20a7f164a12340be019300fea4792f83277a5f332b5fda562f5b98e7c3f2d +size 88795 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00034.png b/images/research_patent_00034.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3964f2bcd3c114c743d040d99a15ada1f5708c60 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00034.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:523343e7729d81206e8d9b92cfdb646bbef4e7a919830c963abfe35520efb5dd +size 50821 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00035.png b/images/research_patent_00035.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1d6d8f895d9836f6c775b9ced9ac166dde13d3af --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00035.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f0101be8ab091274285c577440307b52c7859ceaee2d4351cc4ca7acd6fe7dbc +size 130395 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00036.png b/images/research_patent_00036.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cd78de01e9f89a8fd19ce377b10cf02a13083046 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00036.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6c648ee9c367025db519b8d2c1ad3b7c92211dcd8d46ef4cd3f3c8b7add51723 +size 95134 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00037.png b/images/research_patent_00037.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c982b3ab938d1ed2dd59d5f6236000dd5edef562 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00037.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1f5ca9b9fd0535076a51e1c63219767bc1cc81a6325402bf8af943f0f592dc1d +size 123077 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00038.png b/images/research_patent_00038.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..493d0a4c70c863a85f4054e03d4104b7eaf37928 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00038.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e7e429d6013d12728dfce7963a5639119c86a5051c8b02643d15f62da085de9e +size 105455 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00039.png b/images/research_patent_00039.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1f9c237be97e2ac5830b52da7d38c1d152a1e304 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00039.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1c9b6f293160f138d6dd403eed267e66719d81f21e8199681cec7a81cb2adac3 +size 125468 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00040.png b/images/research_patent_00040.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c276332d8fe1911d57322d25723557acc2c63132 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00040.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:20c97dea5414a77301f24c086521f958168bf56c69369ca07cedfc5113619e70 +size 148230 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00041.png b/images/research_patent_00041.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7b7d757436e5de9be372ab759013bcb5535ee9cc --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00041.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:74e8aa78f67f21a48ecf1b618a963cda8942fe44a9e5bd9d580e879db1b9affa +size 89683 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00042.png b/images/research_patent_00042.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c7c17f4a482e0fa0fb21393ca343fc0db32a3d27 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00042.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b8f3a6f233981653af4084d03aabb313c6c1a00a2c57ce432d01e505673bc787 +size 180144 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00043.png b/images/research_patent_00043.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..58a20d0dde8c70e2a87aa8accf2703a81f0188df --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00043.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8c3b8968afea1c4bfe9e853a54e051640949c9f4ad2366982c21f4bf37ce4a14 +size 77748 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00044.png b/images/research_patent_00044.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e790ec69ac809b4ab2a8e716287007b9fc2927bc --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00044.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:98038acc17f2cb60f1d735a02d1e506ef75fd8c22a794fd92c81de2b8a8ef88c +size 61481 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00045.png b/images/research_patent_00045.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..29c866a69e70afb50fa77b1e47366dd6fad19a04 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00045.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:abdbfdf0ee83391f52990871ef5bdf5900b2f145974c914605be09af72a8b6a7 +size 146037 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00046.png b/images/research_patent_00046.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..94611557997b4ef924714278f62c58f8ceffee00 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00046.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:60c55f659f944ea4de54bf395881aca533eac54a975324abf2c384eb81014958 +size 126587 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00047.png b/images/research_patent_00047.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5ee0412b25c529b91cd9e451fb71afdec4f196a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00047.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a1a4a10b0b56b8c1a1f166b2363b6fc4247d8ce2a4a4fc9e31c8403cbf80e2c5 +size 166269 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00048.png b/images/research_patent_00048.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..55017ff5a5ea3cb53064f94d2a1a44b12f1a031b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00048.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e96dec17ad96ed196c532f5408b07dc3e468f12e6371e62c4ee30cd0e9d19a5e +size 97536 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00049.png b/images/research_patent_00049.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8a265885481b3e3ea893685558c71fff4850799a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00049.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:99dee4510994ec73270bca75f74ae2dcbe6e5940bb485d4066cc79950f5ae296 +size 168901 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00050.png b/images/research_patent_00050.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8c4ee3ca81c0d64e63e6f830cd08d192141d5131 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00050.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c646c816c6cc6f8fc5bd15c551e9e7cd63ca6211a371d9ac2e7bcf87d3ff7a66 +size 43725 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00051.png b/images/research_patent_00051.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..803b58f0c4f0cde58e6847b270910f1999f8323b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00051.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a307fb51f50d466eeae3dbb4ceced58d762b262b16b65b4dfad507207eb77cf2 +size 120391 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00052.png b/images/research_patent_00052.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..abdd27fbe19a294c2d7d10b92aa395d5ba983609 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00052.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c317dee2717cb92d8b5cc297f9df11835b2db78260edf5e93a7ca590914eb49c +size 55972 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00053.png b/images/research_patent_00053.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..880c3df22ca1cebdd0c26d05e09f79cc812cb1b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00053.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3b431f3b721799c8c29785f792f2b7c48dee59d8bec856b3e860a3800fa1f92a +size 166500 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00054.png b/images/research_patent_00054.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..82e0da04a95a8b9e602b3e6799c114afe1d5a210 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00054.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:112f7719ab0c603c0428f67c36be0254e3575ae1ed15b99412f9aacf40588cb1 +size 81448 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00055.png b/images/research_patent_00055.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..645250c3e4a81eacb94844c48473d3b0fccf1551 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00055.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7d074d6917664df898e54f39a5684a2c9eafcfdbb29a2421fd78c32474901141 +size 183605 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00056.png b/images/research_patent_00056.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a372824db3b7b19426ada4bdbfc5e4568c04f9de --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00056.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2a13709c1d276f06d83ddcdf44b0f0275adbc611c08ccded1f32456babe8aed4 +size 31111 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00057.png b/images/research_patent_00057.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65c79305dc4c207b5bb7b5822b83621504450aa6 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00057.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:03ee9a81c0606e173e6c2fa8f28bf0a31f712021589790a87737e6754318f2f3 +size 75337 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00058.png b/images/research_patent_00058.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b5ea4a45454eb169035b5445bf42d4535acea4fc --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00058.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:70ad16773a1975c6cdbad029eca72e7918e2a83afc614d29294de97438774520 +size 103647 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00059.png b/images/research_patent_00059.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..561cd7ee13a34e2e395e2bf687aabb4dfa4d4ad6 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00059.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:eb2e0f42203840957a1f2ba828f35d4eac8a3d3e7ff3c4fc3554718293a36f19 +size 134067 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00060.png b/images/research_patent_00060.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..98adb6535540c31f39055149c5f4febd9f64c45b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00060.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5a39548a7f938b5f95b98fb833f6e9dcb99dcf00d6d00142a9a5788dcb1c7991 +size 115214 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00061.png b/images/research_patent_00061.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2da7386f44b3b0aea49be8e4451918591c61b8ba --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00061.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c86104745267446eb4c5861823132455ecc5369618475fc830feb48021e33b04 +size 79089 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00062.png b/images/research_patent_00062.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f5ebe4ca194b480400e83c4caeb9f7c50db8e97b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00062.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a54ba2cb31fe79ec610eba7f175c7fb8a783afd90f71aca69eed533e94bba62d +size 61914 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00063.png b/images/research_patent_00063.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8876a000b47dd442da8bd35a3e0241f3fa8231f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00063.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3e11d4b16cbd124fe24b84039b8772b905b173a001136ceea25921cdde884195 +size 120627 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00064.png b/images/research_patent_00064.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8697686fcb09897bc04ffe16b1999ac6b40c44da --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00064.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ee1ffb7c505f9116246d5938d8dfb6e60fffbe80b4ed36adf1d1ed3ebc63191d +size 124759 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00065.png b/images/research_patent_00065.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5987fb646765bc7b3708a6607623f7627d1e19ca --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00065.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7a6d4c2a3f663e6280f74e69db385e374c6fa9ce38af5f0ba95f6a05bf9257cb +size 113231 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00066.png b/images/research_patent_00066.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27925d83b454fa2486b81b9eec4a2e6303008786 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00066.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:39ac01b3b812a435e851d6a98ff1d0ed7f4cd5345508344fb3c3e5b102d8cd2c +size 125540 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00067.png b/images/research_patent_00067.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ea2d357891699af93b456e9edab3dffe28064ae --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00067.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c08fbec382c96589fe5e5191b2436dabb681d9a12cf51d019d5fc3081d765af2 +size 103370 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00068.png b/images/research_patent_00068.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7482760289ca7612d88107e8d99b73f8c628df02 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00068.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:aa61713a44c8f9a3d2f2b6f2350d953f725ce09fc27fd5beb61d1efe3aa77b10 +size 149123 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00069.png b/images/research_patent_00069.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dbecf9a4d6e576d59594bcd046c8d353859d47ec --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00069.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e9f27f21adba4df2a97a7286432b2352bece2691aa62b35ebaddf001f0b22c48 +size 127464 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00070.png b/images/research_patent_00070.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a8cb80310140f1fa9843b5fcbee2d4bdd274cdd0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00070.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c790352081cf6fd60c6e4c3f2320adcb13ea33e014464c5cacd23a5bcd66542c +size 127709 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00071.png b/images/research_patent_00071.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f65f79f05d379f745c499f46cb66b67051773c51 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00071.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8d0157df4ccb6cf1e20cf2a5761f6190e36b5f940c2459fd34ee34e883635d7d +size 97041 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00072.png b/images/research_patent_00072.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..34c49fb2c97f62d15eec5f9e370b887bb5e4d951 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00072.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a610959c88accb77689f2d486191b8ca2219ba0ab116e6af74e3085f3085711d +size 160850 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00073.png b/images/research_patent_00073.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..419fa93b5d97a1edd7d478d541b2fa4e42893c4d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00073.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:197997f900d6a5618cce773ea3d225918d992aefd69534a9d380d9ed3e8a0202 +size 93510 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00074.png b/images/research_patent_00074.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ec13577ebec8669f1be8c481945090a649ade858 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00074.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0684b2733ed7df7b08f40b46bdd53ccfc73a2765ce5f8361ee9a25b1a1c9c370 +size 151536 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00075.png b/images/research_patent_00075.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c3141110795eb515162df5494572ac9fe0bb3c89 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00075.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:aa788b0ba17b539649c4f5fd7ac06d93e16aafed279e50c0396175e7d78c3bfc +size 70551 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00076.png b/images/research_patent_00076.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9b0a40f11f080101ae22935711dd0012af4e0c59 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00076.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:bc371cd8e133658c0f21f76f5a71f8d25b7e0c57aa0d58eb82cd6a44fc588116 +size 161996 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00077.png b/images/research_patent_00077.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d562d25b80109ea4b0fda0917ba589b8a02bd75b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00077.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b5c513927e22fcce7f0885df07be379afcd6d9e0a74e006b4aab450bdda25f71 +size 158202 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00078.png b/images/research_patent_00078.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..101ee33136456ee980a83293739e83ff3d3dd94f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00078.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c3adff7be404f6eb76035d32846b78a9449e60896ce1dd291412c07422ebea45 +size 144393 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00079.png b/images/research_patent_00079.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c44f9b5f84326a1a3061b7652b2b2f51bc618f78 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00079.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:22c050c248bd94c4bf79b37b8c0929f4c1f9626dcc3375a192d41e37e48fed34 +size 101217 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00080.png b/images/research_patent_00080.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e51dc5a740582778cff6d5b98bea9fb967c262ac --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00080.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5d3efcda4d2b4b07d64d9999068b95069f6646e11d074cf93a975f7f0677ab34 +size 89404 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00081.png b/images/research_patent_00081.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8066ae5ab18612eaafb06350091cd920e359847e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00081.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3fc037439c08afb8bc7eaf6874e62443b11ebbee9c86cdcc6fa4b06efec08c90 +size 107193 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00082.png b/images/research_patent_00082.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..edc63c866819acb3c0292b398a910e76496cde69 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00082.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3da9f6ee71fa429a02bca55effab463221ffb7bd6f7f669ec064ae97fecc5cde +size 101494 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00083.png b/images/research_patent_00083.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1cca4cb4555c6909e8cf29ca305e5f2e17c61cb4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00083.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5565afbd235df4cb68f93a80020ccb3402e3c9f5f64a149049b16039b3c800b4 +size 85784 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00084.png b/images/research_patent_00084.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5a6283af8f1b6be8734d7254d62d92f55a8df8e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00084.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:5c8343f1c6203ec7f174f6b3c795f241e43a1ecb02947597a27ce91a718d9226 +size 113430 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00085.png b/images/research_patent_00085.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a4931c198a496f41083a114541e1444f1799a936 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00085.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:91689ecb9876ce0e65d98729a51367d3ed83dbe3c800cdca624f428b4ea383cd +size 106272 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00086.png b/images/research_patent_00086.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b48df21c6711f262b90226046860e8e4fc50aa1c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00086.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0900cca7cf25b7a0c707ed671eb806ba48a9de62bfe80d79ca515a9c8654d3d7 +size 132092 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00087.png b/images/research_patent_00087.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3a7d186facc371e92ee16ba77844f312f7fa72cd --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00087.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fc4a7efdf777644e3a83727df0ddbdae5648499a9abfac89ff54fa24564e19c6 +size 119160 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00088.png b/images/research_patent_00088.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1b64e1b454cc8ea246dbbaea7b58fffe45715a73 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00088.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:eb9013d5d49905b539799b2f5429a33727de806e2369e51a957dff9631cf639a +size 138653 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00089.png b/images/research_patent_00089.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b6c89224174b5ad377bad9f8ef6f3cb91e1c3d1c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00089.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8d29602a4086fda11b87f9fdb4e32fd41129fd1361b11a02fe3ea62a5ac506c4 +size 67227 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00090.png b/images/research_patent_00090.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3657193115722048890707c611fa88a1e65faa51 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00090.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a49921a59b7c72e31c19d6877edd0eddb79466312797beedf66f0e563b665eae +size 132731 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00091.png b/images/research_patent_00091.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6c31913d3ca74aa50ce8e6415c188a2ca24a0e36 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00091.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6691b18c4216d50cf19e32fd88f8ffe28bb403f7c68dd0afd10e7233bc26a98d +size 129477 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00092.png b/images/research_patent_00092.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9336db5235408fa01dec02120921ff0b57d956fd --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00092.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:16fe4681c19331f4de8bc636ffed7ad61bc9febcb9668fd11c3317b90ef2cb4f +size 196716 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00093.png b/images/research_patent_00093.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0ce200c79c6f63b46c4cea3057a7c9079a1e5dd0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00093.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c4e83f0e5eeca7a17c584a287b358d309206a9528befd3d79a636070ed2a42be +size 141626 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00094.png b/images/research_patent_00094.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b701606d0b4249ca32d407cf5c98129728d23b67 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00094.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f57b10d774173efb485cea680fd47575b401816aeddb7d33880fb8879df8595d +size 141081 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00095.png b/images/research_patent_00095.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c61102df19a257ee55b079aaca3a6d25f652b841 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00095.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e0c8ef606b09a3fd0c884e4e2eb6898d400c6a626579985db10e4ed9a38063ad +size 75201 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00096.png b/images/research_patent_00096.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2ad261883e655c279f682c2643f3b1c87e63a1e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00096.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:42ca6897f4d0e0a27c66904b3d9553f0714e1e729a72a1497bf9a51fad4af8a5 +size 109912 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00097.png b/images/research_patent_00097.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..20fe64100c6f7dfc825075069505f44a50c49bb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00097.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4d792229fcc4953f5d4c0de23072a8cf864901fc1b49bfae88a1f58cde0de48d +size 101546 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00098.png b/images/research_patent_00098.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f1c4d06cd0cdd09f3e934a834e07d55add23586a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00098.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e2bb45477982498bdbe659261d2e5bd9e6727fc73fb260788360ddf8e036df9b +size 102320 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00099.png b/images/research_patent_00099.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d300c8219f28add4d65bfb43ab5c04b54cdda162 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00099.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:45e27f4d4231f1e7a8f8812a2d76d6020cb4822eec77d378d24869b5de5adfa1 +size 120261 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00100.png b/images/research_patent_00100.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27ecea4a7ff12054d0af973c5cb33ded920521d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00100.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:cd40cbaa1bb0289ec39b8169810d5514c805f5f9daeb4035a038daef946e8a71 +size 116087 diff --git a/images/research_patent_00101.png b/images/research_patent_00101.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a94cbee29ca04f2c6d47291f58a15c0ac185e405 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_patent_00101.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:59512b23b4f76777039bb4a19ac9b41f652d734d2347a3e0fe7f98eae6455e5f +size 541854 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00001.png b/images/research_programming_book_00001.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e21ff7c8ee8ca145c02e87bca0c15d207216ab83 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00001.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:517e0077c8fdcd4bb68f351fb3508b782db8a47fa3a82ff6b8351bcd20bbaa4f +size 51826 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00002.png b/images/research_programming_book_00002.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9095c350b34d46742abf1952e6d4f8a56a70aeea --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00002.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:014419fae21a13272a9c79b33bb63612cf32e9a56c26c0d24cd56ba57491b519 +size 42083 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00003.png b/images/research_programming_book_00003.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f9c6a0bc81438f7d530cddd48e732bfe31e52306 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00003.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:74dfb06da39c69266d58597709311049c7b9ad867ee1595439e9144521d0a1f8 +size 66338 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00004.png b/images/research_programming_book_00004.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7db5cd679b2a62363100b3479ab288346d22688f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00004.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:50ecb0872b10726cbf6bb78111b16a9ca2e96faff6e20e3f44d68c9b48237aca +size 76491 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00005.png b/images/research_programming_book_00005.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..54cbfd3a14c5dc4de40fff7c9e9b791e920e10e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00005.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2765a3666279fcde21c7602c2902c17b6f03eb03297c728f62d78082fba01a75 +size 57336 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00006.png b/images/research_programming_book_00006.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ace60a80d6ac104d7a4f8fb46b1fb76b7c716e30 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00006.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d4b2a981e2f4868a5d8e40d62156e48a6a1bf4fd85c09047181ce559058fc9c9 +size 53628 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00007.png b/images/research_programming_book_00007.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f12310c5252494a9a27b76a0eb6c395fd185c357 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00007.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8b5dd602faa7b238ecbd27169bf8f825ef660246fc3e3cfe5336ef34b507d4b9 +size 57085 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00008.png b/images/research_programming_book_00008.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5eb6cfb9b968a2482a7a5df6a1a2d843ac6d8c6d --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00008.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:b9c8f948d30ac3dde07ade256cc93cc4a6d67b0451b0acf767b99e77c7d7d631 +size 89582 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00009.png b/images/research_programming_book_00009.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..90e73cccd4f2be0208ff94103d02e913b71ec1ee --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00009.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e1351fa4e6e74652c205fab9c2cb3a04c108c77f5c1c5ede67f2d4fd95ee726e +size 54200 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00010.png b/images/research_programming_book_00010.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a411823335993b432f1302d1e77cf9dc5597b316 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00010.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1f2007adb9f249c223013e19e464a73bd9a1386e4698bcef182cb2ecbf0462c1 +size 91026 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00011.png b/images/research_programming_book_00011.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..07db5bd9c63e7876bde142ba69a7383bc18e4999 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00011.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f0a90a3d049997630aa563042a63c8307751827cd5b765b9bf219bf7e1b5e8c0 +size 54218 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00012.png b/images/research_programming_book_00012.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4f95e83431c34969799c8200417295979b1114cb --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00012.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4bd9311d88b6070786a347494b670c82cc2c0ec01b5045c7091f8116bfdcaacf +size 52309 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00013.png b/images/research_programming_book_00013.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..08019858034c55fd4f8602ec9b3e64afb341a378 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00013.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:46c08aee29cd46fcaac8089aa6557a7d5860bdc415bdd3c96f135eac921f0819 +size 58160 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00014.png b/images/research_programming_book_00014.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c5137f082f5a53ef87089c9dcbda38093273e7b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00014.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0878d66bf056f5c2a777e9e35f70efcc6d2adbcc58a07325df7e0ad3ee975c3d +size 89372 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00015.png b/images/research_programming_book_00015.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7071daa4648b627d28e466962d76a135a298c47e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00015.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d6f63d5d1a5eb4765f9e9882c790d748ba6abbc8d1026496650e55e90b4494fe +size 80935 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00016.png b/images/research_programming_book_00016.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7e75a339dc75f601f5333df387df67a57f620a82 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00016.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:11da1a077c1cfe807f17276d6f90963216218e37b14e75db177499326b0bacd6 +size 83733 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00017.png b/images/research_programming_book_00017.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f1961d2bedb772695309c8d9d03b153073c5dce9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00017.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f2489a54d652f738d58d2d288e3ddb8d40aaa4b42a150471616660f727ef013b +size 67365 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00018.png b/images/research_programming_book_00018.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e04fc809979b326b7f218d2d36a4a967f863947e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00018.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c52d54bc04e5b92558c3469e1cd9c341710374e9ff0df466f566ae0473a32fa1 +size 62312 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00019.png b/images/research_programming_book_00019.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4c7a7178db0a2a685bf361c1f7b36b547fc89f92 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00019.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9b3ffe3aab5ca431f1ffa5d04c62c83020ffde7a8bab8fa3ec0186d5726ac270 +size 79521 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00020.png b/images/research_programming_book_00020.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..59dfddb9f86e5d72c676035034316376ad9cdc66 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00020.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2bc76f8e979b9231fd8f8dd529d6ba661b06dd0870d1898decf6aac1938d5a7b +size 71311 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00021.png b/images/research_programming_book_00021.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9a9c59ecb817423274ae0925ed7d0b088c04c183 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00021.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:037fd35ba1861caa1cd31fcd3ed0a1e8f1e23a18a25ba698f31ff97b167c6537 +size 93829 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00022.png b/images/research_programming_book_00022.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..38c36627fa95d278f9cc9d72e898e9043108b94e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00022.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6f08680f724a5e4edbf449a38af4f3e7c1cd38912853eac80af57237639a6d7e +size 48937 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00023.png b/images/research_programming_book_00023.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2d36774bdc062b2336450773e1607b1858400ae6 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00023.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:efb7fcd80131eaa4d87408f4881c0d9a1be68fafc651e4eebfa47245947fe02c +size 69260 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00024.png b/images/research_programming_book_00024.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..36dc5127ecf8046dd6c4a8af6d6410bfd0da29d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00024.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:01d9519bcf10efa5ce4b5202c40e4a056d4b277970ee4a77201ac07acc59ac6d +size 70957 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00025.png b/images/research_programming_book_00025.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c5fec648dcd58d4a2ab89e34dda3084d915f4bb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00025.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e1b16ecc27b8afaac9081a0d2b468f585f35e988bf0c35b275e420c693f3df3a +size 98938 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00026.png b/images/research_programming_book_00026.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..15061563a57c73ac829afe33f8cd45d49e96c659 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00026.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:51b3528952fb51b1214eede9381f6993c6a629bd56c27b31faba28b63e083c3c +size 76322 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00027.png b/images/research_programming_book_00027.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ec51a1c2e107470fce2a12e5202353cf675e5ebb --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00027.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:709cd1936fa30f4793b0e11e27f33b358cf947febad248f24953fb68aa46453b +size 73047 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00028.png b/images/research_programming_book_00028.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aba91318544f11161111fd5830d5f9cc9603c43c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00028.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:04aca20c8f842dc72058df3f25e9cf1d3b016176a4f934bedba0c91d9722f625 +size 101702 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00029.png b/images/research_programming_book_00029.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..00c00d6554f9513cbd6a824501700a01cc1fd883 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00029.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:e9cfc6819e301b6b45db4e953e61ac9a6b1e0733a83bc36841ddf7c4b3493f3e +size 106538 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00030.png b/images/research_programming_book_00030.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1b72fe2da4e0761b6ef2d18472ec756348583b6f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00030.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:80ba63d7da85c7004716c7172363a401933cd91e00ef7855279892b1913c5e72 +size 74413 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00031.png b/images/research_programming_book_00031.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..983fa1b1f297aae2006f5a7191253eeb974ece65 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00031.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1fca6375591174741e91368d4cc4905e94cc4e3c9ac2425c0e484bf58bf34f6d +size 111887 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00032.png b/images/research_programming_book_00032.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a60094c90792a336223597b4c76901ea03e2c888 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00032.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:626c5e72291c7e49c511470a01b0fbc90bbd3476971ff0ef916f2955f182db55 +size 57508 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00033.png b/images/research_programming_book_00033.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0831c3939e53bc375a5bef3e87a7bfa261519fbd --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00033.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:9e55812b7346c2b896cb061291ba334b5540c8e1ace6d4f33a9b0d0227912378 +size 93378 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00034.png b/images/research_programming_book_00034.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4854f9b6bb93554e25e818faea133ff2dbd59c4a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00034.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8f6bae8fa5b45003c1c478cdc94b083f641ba10219dd20f2772d94f3f9bc8315 +size 95522 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00035.png b/images/research_programming_book_00035.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c10c338f44f3f2225397f2bb5e28be178c76b0f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00035.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:da98d527af8da8763dad0385749e436b10ff830e46aaa3f5f053f610227a3a12 +size 67260 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00036.png b/images/research_programming_book_00036.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..290ddeae26a17d947acbfe90cdd8629b8e17afb2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00036.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fae74be9b6669e8b1cd23121248d0423498097edcd9d8347b1c5685cc6c902f9 +size 61968 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00037.png b/images/research_programming_book_00037.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..59553e4dc826413465d46c4a28f8cbc240fc1636 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00037.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a84a3758c911d258e07428989dc6d7340ed403fc6cb7ebaed0220f16b7a66425 +size 98448 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00038.png b/images/research_programming_book_00038.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9c7c1675975b9c40c67e81d0e6b2ed5659b530f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00038.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3cc09697f777eb9fccd4ebcc2b29b7886185d28a8dbf1e498ec71d4b4dceac58 +size 80442 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00039.png b/images/research_programming_book_00039.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5c499019cfdafa7e52efcae19d00e2459a486d7a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00039.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d309adf6a7edbb6f26ab82176adfcfb1f7e4b284e26e5d11cf040366e4c99b90 +size 120008 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00040.png b/images/research_programming_book_00040.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6259c478558008eea10c78c95048c5f4ef613423 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00040.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:1108dccb60ddff5dbadd5ec655200b32b1555e1fd3e5080a4554f9ef8dd6abf8 +size 74854 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00041.png b/images/research_programming_book_00041.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6aeda1e035b06765204489f49466e3bb633e5997 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00041.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:df9c5df9014cc264e1c0d75278b9020e9dd2c4b26a1e3e94e1a6c0caaddb1633 +size 101348 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00042.png b/images/research_programming_book_00042.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..70afdc639157ef03314b1ef5cf78f8eac1e6475b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00042.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6f8394d90cbcc8587e1311671d63a7c2741dbfd4b6dd2b336f94dbe215ba533c +size 74806 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00043.png b/images/research_programming_book_00043.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5e8bc918b7f37ba52f22d513aa49b51542e2b1ca --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00043.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4bdc9cb021483c6da0393638e931b4c75d17158d06b6e12e55ec45471292e179 +size 105510 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00044.png b/images/research_programming_book_00044.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fefc3217f270d4e1b2ad2b50810e016fe7b44f09 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00044.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:46481879d352e3d956627d634a13089722dcdb39d60ca674c48640ffb0f2646b +size 54117 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00045.png b/images/research_programming_book_00045.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..16f1673ea137eb6b1c44b7dacb87bee271159fa1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00045.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6c2876a79b21ac8d29c2135c4b190f5a1cd32f591da3c7e24aca9ebcd1a7ad62 +size 88574 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00046.png b/images/research_programming_book_00046.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..03767ceb8118d3062a6602eec3af5f59b62da59a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00046.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:77927c1b38dcf66363de8e9f7ac98eee7411f16c9851c914936fa9ccbab5614c +size 92011 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00047.png b/images/research_programming_book_00047.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ef0aa433ba64ed0e20023a2af7920dc3e2c311c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00047.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:157e6578d3524b244f1f72dd2876fe1d98ce16125a0e28c40cd004ed1c8f8ab4 +size 80699 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00048.png b/images/research_programming_book_00048.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..90acefa30831336223f827a09b88d6fe8eeaca66 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00048.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d18155784be00bad94b7ab788362668b70a519360689ac0c2595c6aa2b1b5134 +size 81266 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00049.png b/images/research_programming_book_00049.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..03f2aac221d6f8368bac020dd974ef9c4b8deb80 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00049.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f394e974daf27804090e46558a9b49661d66d42d8bbfa0db12f6a1a166a217ea +size 59028 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00050.png b/images/research_programming_book_00050.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e0c261dc7cd64f3fc1887a6316c211cef81d2721 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00050.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2885bb19932f46d0437fb617c4af8ede1843740b560933b230fd3606a8e62cf0 +size 74723 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00051.png b/images/research_programming_book_00051.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..10c77fc3afed6739b8611c6dddbec0afdd561f39 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00051.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a98a1a969ffb2d028d25489017ba176d86ba6f25f4f2c0cfc99059dc0fab636a +size 100558 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00052.png b/images/research_programming_book_00052.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8b3f3653b2ae8a5cc293a11f8dd1b89be9bfc2d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00052.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2632bf6ce794265a703d03da6dd5503cf90c6dd9448ac6cccc0806e182770e01 +size 69029 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00053.png b/images/research_programming_book_00053.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ce88880dbc757675a99d0c91ee69f20d442ee7a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00053.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3eea365c84b3970046334711c3ea5b62521d58cbd4c2fc4326dfa4d96bcb9d69 +size 99120 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00054.png b/images/research_programming_book_00054.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fa8486ada5838e6d5e52017808fb636d5eaf2696 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00054.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:23f92c9e535009966df5eb1a4a8e47d37bbcfb211719fb6be78b01b32498b068 +size 97901 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00055.png b/images/research_programming_book_00055.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..675b630208e609ddfc2e4476eb4dee4eb416cb3f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00055.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7f2102147363dc9818dabb0ddd1d81b9bebaddd103ef85392d31b1809dd08bdd +size 75109 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00056.png b/images/research_programming_book_00056.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8629802b5e667040d566f805ddf764a0ec089a4c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00056.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7e4a8c5fb89ce322d62e9d1ced994ff9584fe8d43320ff604231b9bfb489b89d +size 362924 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00057.png b/images/research_programming_book_00057.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e1552feec4ae05129e396176e0ea158ac7f2c770 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00057.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:34ade9f832ee9648e1f8a1e920bcf9b3a717a9feab16d32c36a43e2e296ded90 +size 578890 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00058.png b/images/research_programming_book_00058.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f0914980811ce764d0e4a6c8c177ff338394a0cd --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00058.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:25578b6b78e23271e6d427547f62abb5a73726b30999b403e9dc4c664f4b46f2 +size 666707 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00059.png b/images/research_programming_book_00059.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cca11a024e8b383f16ed7a638d6be4c518c3b5c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00059.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8649f2dc8ce30085591f556d9b7dbf15e959992334d5cc62a4e16123efccbe23 +size 998310 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00060.png b/images/research_programming_book_00060.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9dda61b8870803c2b1ce166a8d466bd4b04842e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00060.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0ac171ef6c309e36840b1a257a3cbd90eec9aa96b447deccf7593633f7fc53b6 +size 882451 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00061.png b/images/research_programming_book_00061.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d7b6dc1faecc51ebcd834cfc0fd7902a9cd501fc --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00061.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:da60c1b308a78fbb2e4afd86ecb51415d52f5c100d9b18a6249a31762a180b82 +size 437363 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00062.png b/images/research_programming_book_00062.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8db5dbd98fd8f6da4b1a0602e287ed1cb59d5992 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00062.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:d5241e392ea2e65507281aa9ccd35dd65818afcffcc012060e8cd373308120c7 +size 596663 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00063.png b/images/research_programming_book_00063.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..795d2633cc6d484813c2f8e3e89eecda50bd405c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00063.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:752a599be7775848a70f792b89024bbfd826a3827deb9042d6ec2f1d36ab6d24 +size 530272 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00064.png b/images/research_programming_book_00064.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..078540e7888cff9ebe268a293a470a60740e4317 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00064.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:757cc0ba35e3d3b05b89f21f62e199fbbeaa52ccd7fd0adb9ca5fd31643c1d47 +size 728707 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00065.png b/images/research_programming_book_00065.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c5ab43a245f0c391bdc622d8e4df1159ff711f3a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00065.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:f79fdedadc60d28175ef3207c29d8d66626661b20e1bb73e878cd4889c3c9aaf +size 591256 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00066.png b/images/research_programming_book_00066.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b65ad5b0e2ab4556541d99c74d250ca2c7604423 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00066.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:c00c733c9f6c1d0c1b6c30f27f3400a97cecfa4de3f7180b4fd59b3574fcdba8 +size 644581 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00067.png b/images/research_programming_book_00067.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8c34415a24260c6b4e0c2d265fe5b47b1d36a0fd --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00067.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0b68a5a3300befcb19d8aa30c1e08d68852b253a63caa5e45388b3713df956ca +size 612058 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00068.png b/images/research_programming_book_00068.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b03645ddd278b0d2e65cebd9f606f1f9acf512eb --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00068.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:369505b0471892955e072d1cf511acc4f55610bde0bb261f5655adaea0142b9b +size 1027641 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00069.png b/images/research_programming_book_00069.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1b0b0a83327b051f1c0ddea3620468b8637d9b6b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00069.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:536ed84ef02abc3ca452cf85c2c6c27001b75e56189a6855f3f83a96c7c314d5 +size 1112023 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00070.png b/images/research_programming_book_00070.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ecaf45f91dbede0bed9d73d1ca6776e73d7cd04a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00070.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:edb9761925d461f86d9282423c2822cc57431230fe7a83e5b90fa438169b2d4e +size 1085664 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00071.png b/images/research_programming_book_00071.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1d1fa6c330a7a8a02fc4e2966e86b5a0b27c850f --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00071.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a4b36d71b48ac0a2edc05b0b50149d3e9f564df154973f569d1cc79e9f59a5bf +size 1674606 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00072.png b/images/research_programming_book_00072.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0153d2f3e2f1b914ddca29f18b01dd0f7f298ad1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00072.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:df1eff716381904376f0b7946f9b51c5f4e360af9de571c13a39c98e3711096c +size 567429 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00073.png b/images/research_programming_book_00073.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6538fc9f1108865fe5282ff59b075b8c2a9bb80a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00073.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2f2266ef79596f32e4cc1db1fcde04f4c8b0b96d9472935b716f9953b432b51f +size 1555693 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00074.png b/images/research_programming_book_00074.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3c42127323aed9876e35f5d148a260d615447cad --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00074.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:4620981cec18eb4e45dea5c11397f73c93055448f1128bbdfd2b7daeefad2fbf +size 883828 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00075.png b/images/research_programming_book_00075.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d1f584880e5f6968ccb17a6095f4318bb13e1015 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00075.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:6a57311a94c6e3ac8137eac2999b935079de79c7ccfdcece0d4f3badb6dc3a05 +size 1798891 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00076.png b/images/research_programming_book_00076.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..93a48ea8f405816a0f13d021667c6b8a416d5826 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00076.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:ec68fb5f9e054a86ef16da5f28c16b9d1205952eb6de19b989a88ab4c472f84d +size 1275441 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00077.png b/images/research_programming_book_00077.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c6c89a904b298983d64fda13d75bc94c5efb152c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00077.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:8bcf372102746ca0b287be86553c7521c13b3c2fa82078625080271056226e9a +size 381254 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00078.png b/images/research_programming_book_00078.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e5e87db72b64a52eca85a06571e19dd6527eda21 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00078.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2125a6e81767014de3e0b18f7d608bbe84504c0206f6a181f234ad11e04db1dd +size 434644 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00079.png b/images/research_programming_book_00079.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99ccb1982ba9c88662b2f564acb6cb02f3306efb --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00079.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:98b9684d2f9e015f7b2a8a0882c5f87193b6aab88782b9819ce6fcf4407e1c41 +size 338302 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00080.png b/images/research_programming_book_00080.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..983401822f4bbc938710c0c486fbcd7123dd5044 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00080.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:fe2953499e6dde8c988d098acd5973441f3fee0c45990b18abddf2271cb09f7e +size 332301 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00081.png b/images/research_programming_book_00081.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9032212d5a2c5af68c79ceddcfd40c6dcca3486 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00081.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:575b9584a68b1e0ed28103b03bc4234b004a55141e88f6f3b6df129e4a332840 +size 266317 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00082.png b/images/research_programming_book_00082.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..659e29d7d3307d3c516e15d57028f3a00ee7a6d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00082.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0f4ee6fca74d6c6cbf1640ab46d2aa06328d5465640e5af44056b7b4297a2d8d +size 304075 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00083.png b/images/research_programming_book_00083.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..67558a4939c84c1a21ba8f9c67bd1c29f624e467 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00083.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:22200169accb28b830706763ed819c8ca393ff825421d21139580388816676ea +size 482826 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00084.png b/images/research_programming_book_00084.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8b3457d28c4608792da817414ff6d8ff3061ad29 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00084.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:32b4f6acfdc3a374d0907cfee1bfa30840cf3893c15f00ae9ac3164fce3ebf7e +size 271475 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00085.png b/images/research_programming_book_00085.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..13735407fd9ac612b2d1efa7d04aa672d58a5a2e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00085.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a41c145a542899f88a01fc6e81937ccdb43f061ec7213b366956acb8dab33ba5 +size 252791 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00086.png b/images/research_programming_book_00086.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3941e2b922b4dd4d8934555adf1574906901914b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00086.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:3c9ddd9c0610ab2a763e5c38dd85a131c1c16f82183a39afb92d52789ce1f819 +size 664890 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00087.png b/images/research_programming_book_00087.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bccfed410697a5237b79539a91c1e21b0413b338 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00087.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7306fae27537b95e1cbc3c10affeeaf6370a02ec8754cb99efb93c3dbae32582 +size 541658 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00088.png b/images/research_programming_book_00088.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e0b79ef789daf4cc5a629479fce89a938881288a --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00088.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:a34b39148a2acd1e6085bac3cf380d875a7ed9292124659e1afb5b687515231b +size 486979 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00089.png b/images/research_programming_book_00089.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f5b6be200e7bce11b2bb08c3b57b1592fc86817e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00089.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:418dacdec20c10b52087d0e9682bfce32817f9f4c9627f787d811f8df0900789 +size 377754 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00090.png b/images/research_programming_book_00090.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..74c14ff34f7426fe950cd8bba1e75248379e483e --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00090.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:57f7ed16b518b1009416e867a3e4405d25da267b72f0fec6073c6b1fb2c1c377 +size 498348 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00091.png b/images/research_programming_book_00091.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fe264220ba85f4e740790364980a23000f731b5c --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00091.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:058627562d9ebb0a2bef835f09185f6db9af85f47148f1c08d2af7e8d94e96d4 +size 486038 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00092.png b/images/research_programming_book_00092.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d13a1e3ddcbbd1d5232a624ef8049a358cfcc00b --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00092.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:dfc2d3b95eac7392b501138aaa60dd07b04e66f199537b5bf64de3e5db159de2 +size 448688 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00093.png b/images/research_programming_book_00093.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..10cbb5f09af40c6a6ae829d28b8b939e4a73a2fc --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00093.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7209f4a86d1d14d48fd7c688ac2703e131a7deb7f12f49e8d7d457e10bc774b0 +size 378416 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00094.png b/images/research_programming_book_00094.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fcf90fc6c25f2290f2fed419de92bd69a5b00f54 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00094.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:486cae9e9a27e294f38433e15421914b49df80fc5f0ca42923c415b32c027685 +size 434827 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00095.png b/images/research_programming_book_00095.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f62907cc6cb30e5316e3a76aa15f94f605acf6fe --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00095.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:23e3b283ebcff9c3385693bbc632408f5433f7dbe0dd066e125b51a6e7cf3328 +size 376520 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00096.png b/images/research_programming_book_00096.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..80d2197f867e633f9e9d470482148274c7260cfd --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00096.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:00fa1ce79c9c6538a5e1a27e73a6c6d7430651d26af20926ac01982a05b27fe6 +size 448805 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00097.png b/images/research_programming_book_00097.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..db22c6dd528d01ba377b8514be31c66a302d93b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00097.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:0c8bd62400b785d9b7d32ddc345178006b98f47f2201ce46a70aabc716c34637 +size 529987 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00098.png b/images/research_programming_book_00098.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..55f0f606435f27ae1b5384b4eade4558c6d65625 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00098.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2f7ce805be8184215f3c57ae277e93f0948a6a1490e3d32e7fc15bc717652024 +size 434212 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00099.png b/images/research_programming_book_00099.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5acfc1bbb575b99140fb86139da983a041da12d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00099.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:de964ec4f069f58e39299ddc8749df04fa5171b1b68aad20669abc234106fa79 +size 548904 diff --git a/images/research_programming_book_00100.png b/images/research_programming_book_00100.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8b3f3653b2ae8a5cc293a11f8dd1b89be9bfc2d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/images/research_programming_book_00100.png @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:2632bf6ce794265a703d03da6dd5503cf90c6dd9448ac6cccc0806e182770e01 +size 69029 diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00001.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00001.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9d942a6955e86dd5f3ef0772ac03f2c3e6ebd7f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00001.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +一定温度时,水就会沸腾。实验证明,液体的沸点会随着大气压强的变化而改变,如大气稀薄的地方,大气压强变小,这时水的沸点就会降低。由于大气压强不是固定不变的,人们把101 kPa规定为标准大气压强$^{①}$。 + +表1-1 一些常见物质的物理性质(大气压强为101 kPa) + + + +
物质颜色和状态(通常状况)熔点/℃沸点/℃
无色液体0100
银白色固体15352750
银白色固体660.372 467
氧气无色气体-218.4-182.9
+ +实验1-2 分别取一集气瓶氧气和一集气瓶二氧化碳气体,仔细观察它们的颜色和状态,闻一闻气味。取一根小木条在空气中点燃,分别慢慢地放入盛有氧气和二氧化碳的集气瓶中,观察木条燃烧情况的变化。 + + + +图1-5 闻气体时的正确操作 + +## 讨论 + +结合自己的生活经验和知识,尽可能多地描述氧气和二氧化碳的性质,试着判断哪些属于物理性质,哪些属于化学性质,利用哪些方法可以区分它们,并将你的看法与同学交流。 + + + +## 提示 + +闻气体时应该小心,用手轻轻地在瓶口扇动,使极少量的气体飘进鼻孔。 + +我们在生活中了解到很多事实,如水和二氧化碳可以用来灭火,乙醇(俗称酒精)可作燃料,石墨可用于制铅笔芯,等等。物质的这些用途都是由它们的性质决定的。对物质的性质以及探究方法的学习,一定会使你对身边的物质世界有更新的认识。 + +① 标准大气压强为101.325 kPa,本书采用101 kPa这个近似值。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00002.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00002.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5672a1ab5f5433e7a7b1b0bd3aa8e309a53bbf94 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00002.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +在生产和科学研究中,稀有气体有广泛的用途。如稀有气体在通电时能发出不同颜色的光,可制成多种用途的电光源,如航标灯、强照明灯、闪光灯、霓虹灯等;氦可用于制造低温环境。 + + + +图2-7 稀有气体用于飞艇、闪光灯、液氮冷冻机、霓虹灯等 + + + +图2-8 大气污染 + +## 三、保护空气 + +洁净的空气对于人类和其他动植物都是非常重要的。但是,随着工业的发展,排放到空气中的有害气体和烟尘对空气造成了污染。被污染的空气会严重损害人体健康、影响作物生长,破坏生态平衡。全球气候变暖、臭氧层破坏和酸雨等也都与空气污染有关。 + +为了使天空更蓝,人类正在积极行动起来,如加强大气质量监测,改善环境状况,使用清洁能源,积极植树、造林、种草等,以保护空气。 + +## 讨论 + +结合图2-8讨论下述问题: + +1. 在你身边发生过哪些污染空气的现象? + +2. 大气污染会造成哪些危害? + +3. 为了保护人类赖以生存的空气,你能做些什么? + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00003.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00003.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1a1153447a1ad092b9068be37e967ebb9022b728 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00003.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +二、物质的分类 + +混合物(举例):___________________________ + +纯净物(举例):___________________________ + +三、化学反应 + +1. 化学反应的类型 + +化合反应(可表示为 $A + B \rightarrow AB$ ),举例: +___________________________ + +分解反应(可表示为$AB \rightarrow A + B$),举例: +___________________________ + +2. 氧化反应,举例: +___________________________ + +四、谈谈你学完本单元的收获。可从“空气是一种宝贵的自然资源”“化学的重要性”或“化学学习方法”等主题中任选其一进行小结,也可以自选主题谈收获。 + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00004.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00004.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27deaf79123c4e0d41d77cc195b9aff1b035a693 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00004.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +## 二、相对原子质量 + +原子的质量很小。例如,1个氢原子的质量约为$1.67 \times 10^{-27}$ kg,1个氧原子的质量约为$2.657 \times 10^{-26}$ kg。由于原子质量的数值太小,书写和使用都不方便,所以国际上一致同意采用相对质量(如图3-10),即以一种碳原子$^①$质量的1/12为标准,其他原子的质量与它相比较所得到的比,作为这种原子的相对原子质量(符号为$A_r$)。根据这个标准,氢的相对原子质量约为1,氧的相对原子质量约为16。 + + + +图3-10 原子的质量很小,通常使用其相对质量 + +表3-2 构成原子的粒子的质量 + + + + + + + + + + + + +
粒子种类质量
质子$1.6726\times 10^{-27}\mathrm {\;kg}$
中子$1.6749\times 10^{-27}\mathrm {\;kg}$
电子质子质量的1/1836
+ +如表3-2所示,构成原子的质子、中子的相对质量都约等于1,与质子、中子相比,电子的质量很小,整个原子的质量主要集中在原子核上。 + +在一般的化学计算中,多采用相对原子质量的近似值(如表3-4)。相对原子质量可从书后附录Ⅱ中查到。 + +## 资料卡片 + +## 张青莲与相对原子质量的测定 + +我国科学院院士张青莲教授为相对原子质量的测定作出了卓越贡献。他于1983年当选为国际原子量委员会委员。他主持测定了铟、铱、锑、铕、铈、铒、锗、锌、镝几种元素相对原子质量的新值,被国际原子量委员会采用为国际新标准。 + + + +图3-11 张青莲(1908—2006) + +①这种碳原子叫做碳12,是含有6个质子和6个中子的碳原子。它的质量的1/12等于$1.66 \times 10^{-27}$ kg. + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00005.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00005.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..23124fbd4a68f557e0a8243286722f7578898f3f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00005.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +## 课题1 +## 爱护水资源 + +水是地球上最普通、最常见的物质之一,不仅江河湖海中含有水,各种生物体内也都含有水。 +生命的孕育和维系需要水;人类的日常生活和工、农业生产离不开水;水力发电利用的是水;此外,水还能为人类提供水运的航道和宜人的环境。 + +## 资料卡片 + +## 生物体内都含有水 + +地球上的生物种类千差万别,但有一共同特点:体内水的质量与生物体总质量的比(亦称质量分数)一般都在60%以上。 + + + + + + + + + + + +
成年人65%-70%水母、藻类90%以上
鱼类79%-80%香蕉、生菜等90%以上
+ + +## 一、人类拥有的水资源 + +地球上海洋水、湖泊水、河流水、地下水、大气水和生物水等各种形态的水总储量约为$1.39 \times 10^{18} \, \text{m}^3$,地球表面约71%被水覆盖着。 + + + +图4-1 地球表面约71%被水覆盖着 + +海洋是地球上最大的储水库,其储水量约占全球总储水量的96.5%。浩瀚的海洋不仅繁衍着无数水生生物,还蕴藏着丰富的化学资源,按目前测定,海水中含有的化学元素有80多种。作为一种化学物质,水能参与很多反应,本身就是一种化学资源。 + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00006.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00006.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f775a512af89212d70080aae5d7a376652dcfdd9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00006.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +## 实验4-1 +取2个烧杯,各盛大半烧杯浑浊的天然水(湖水、河水或井水等),向其中1个烧杯中加入3药匙明矾粉末,搅拌溶解后,分置于2个烧杯中,静置,观察现象。 + + + + + + + +
现象
结论
+ +## 实验4-2 +取一张圆形滤纸,如图4-15所示折好并放入漏斗,使之紧贴漏斗壁,并使滤纸边缘略低于漏斗口,用少量水润湿滤纸并使滤纸与漏斗壁之间不要有气泡。 + + + +图4-15 过滤器的准备 + + + +图4-16 过滤液体 + +如图4-16所示,架好漏斗,使漏斗下端管口紧靠烧杯内壁,以使滤液沿烧杯壁流下。 + +取实验4-1中处理过的一杯液体,沿玻璃棒慢慢向漏斗中倾倒,注意液面始终要低于滤纸的边缘。 + +比较未经处理的天然水和做了不同程度处理的水,它们的清澈程度有什么差别? + +## 注意 + +玻璃棒的末端要轻轻地斜靠在三层滤纸的一边。 + +## 讨论 + +1. 上面的过滤实验中,有几个操作关键点? + +2. 你可以利用什么物品代替实验室中的滤纸和漏斗来过滤液体? + +如果用具有吸附作用的固体过滤液体,不仅可以滤去其中的不溶性物质,还可以吸附掉一些溶解 + + + + +图4-17 活性炭净水器示意图 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00007.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00007.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..267604dea1ca016cda3afc1348eb127b81ec669c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00007.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ + + +(2)氧化和卤化(加成反应) 油脂分子中的不饱和脂肪酸也和游离不饱和脂肪酸一样,能与氢或卤素起加成反应(addition reaction)。 + +在催化剂如 Ni 的存在下油脂中的双键与氢发生加成称氢化(hydrogenation)。氢化作用可以将液态的植物油转变成固态的脂,在食品工业中被用于制造人造黄油(margarine)和半固体的烹调脂。 + +不饱和油脂与卤素中的溴或碘发生加成而成饱和的卤化脂,此过程称卤化(halogenation)。卤化机制属于离子型亲电加成,反应中碘分子(1:1)发生异裂(heterolysis)1:1,生成$I^+$和$I^-$,首先$I^+$进攻极化的烯键电子云密度较大的碳原子(δ⁻)形成不稳定的中间体正碳离子(carbonium ion),然后$I^-$与之结合完成反应: + +C($\delta^+$)=C($\delta^-$) $\xrightarrow{\text{I+}}$ $\smiles{CCI}$ $\xrightarrow{\text{I-}}$ $\smiles{ICCI}$ + +极化的双键 中间体 卤化物 + +卤化反应中吸收卤素的量反映不饱和键的多少。通常用碘值(价)(iodine value)来表示油脂的不饱和程度。碘值指100 g油脂卤化时所能吸收碘的克数。 + +(3) 乙酰化(acetylation) 含羟脂肪酸(如蓖麻油酸)的油脂可与乙酸酐或其他酰化剂作用形成乙酰化油脂或其他酰化油脂。油脂的羟基化程度一般用乙酰[化]值(价)(acetylation number)表示。乙酰值指中和从1g乙酰化产物中释放的乙酸所需的KOH mg数。蓖麻油(costor oil)含88%~94%的蓖麻油酸(表2-2续表2),因此它的乙酰价很高(124-150),但其他常见的油脂乙酰价在2和20之间。 + +(4)酸败与自动氧化 天然油脂长时间暴露在空气中会产生难闻的气味,这种现象称为酸败(rancidity)。酸败的原因主要是油脂的不饱和成分发生自动氧化(autoxidation),产生过氧化物并进而降解成挥发性醛、酮、酸的复杂混合物;所谓自动氧化是指空气中的分子氧在常温常压下对化合物的直接作用,从而导致氧化的发生。其次是微生物的作用,它们把油脂分解为游离的脂肪酸和甘油,一些低级脂肪酸本身就有臭味,而且脂肪酸经系列酶促反应也产生挥发性的低级酮,甘油可被氧化成具有异臭的1,2-环氧丙醛。 + +酸败程度一般用酸值(价)(acid value)来表示。酸值即是中和1g油脂中的游离脂肪酸所需的KOH mg数。 + +为防止自动氧化,可在新鲜油脂和含油脂食物中加入合成抗氧化剂如丁化羟基苯甲醚(butylated hydroxyanisole, BHA)和2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚或称丁化羟基甲苯(butylated hydroxytoluene, BHT)或天然抗氧化剂如$\alpha$-生育酚($\alpha$-tocopherol)等。植物油的抗自动氧化能力比动物油脂强,就是因为存在天然的$\alpha$-生育酚和$\beta$-胡萝卜素。此外,排除氧气(真空、充氮),降低温度(冷藏),消去其他促进自动氧化的因素(如光,高能辐射)也能防止和延缓酸败发生。 + +油脂自动氧化的结果之一是形成粘稠、胶状乃至固化的聚合物。油漆、涂料成分中的高不饱和油也称干性油(如我国特有的桐油、南美的亚麻子油)在干燥过程中变硬就是这种聚合作用的结果。 + +## (五) 蜡 + +蜡(wax)是长链脂肪酸和长链一元醇或固醇形成的酯。长链是指羟基碳数为16或16以上者(表2-2)。简单蜡酯的通式为RCOOR'。实际上天然的蜡是多种蜡酯的混合物,还常含有烃类以及二元酸,羟基酸和二元醇的酯。蔗蜡甚至不含酯,主要是由蜂花醇(melissyl alcohol,即三十醇),$C_{35}$烃和聚合醛组成。蜡中发现的脂肪酸一般为饱和脂肪酸,醇可以是饱和醇和不饱和醇,或是固醇,如胆固醇(见本章后面)。蜡分子含一个很弱的极性头(酯基部分)和一个非极性尾(一般为两条长烃链),因此蜡完全不溶于水。蜡的硬度由烃链的长度和饱和度决定。 + +蜡的生物学功能见前述“脂质的生物学作用”部分。 + +(1) 蜂蜡(beewax) 是蜂建造蜂巢的物质,完全不透水,熔点为60~82℃,皂化时主要产生$C_{26}$和$C_{28}$烷酸和$C_{30}$和$C_{32}$醇。总脂肪酸中25%是羟基酸,其中有14-羟棕榈酸,10%-14%是烃类,以$C_{31}$为主。 + +(2) 白蜡(Chinese wax) 也称中国虫蜡,是胭脂虫属(Coccus)的一种昆虫(C. Cerifera)俗称白蜡虫 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00008.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00008.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e84e3b4885cbd240242add4314982114b6818cd5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00008.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ + +唾液酸鞘糖脂的命名是,用字母G代表神经节苷脂,右下标M、D、T分别表示含1、2、3个唾液酸的神经节苷脂,下标1、2、3是指与神经酰胺相连的糖链顺序:1是Gal GalNAc-Gal Glc-Cer;2是GalNAc-Gal-Glc-Cer;3是Gal-Glc-Ccr(图2-11)。 + +神经节苷脂是最重要的鞘糖脂,在神经系统特别是神经末梢中含量丰富,种类很多。它们可能在神经冲动传递中起重要作用。许多遗传性疾病涉及特异鞘糖脂的积累,例如一种叫Tay-sachs病,症状表现为进行性发育阻滞、麻痹、失明,出生后的3~4年内死亡。其病因是由于溶酶体内先天性缺乏β-N-乙酰己糖胺酶A($\beta-N-$acetylhexamindase A),因而不能水解神经节苷脂极性头基中GalNAc和Gal羧基之间的糖苷键而引起$G_{M2}$在脑中的非常积累。 + +## (二)甘油糖脂 + +甘油糖脂(glyceroglycolipid)也称糖基甘油酯(glycoglyceride)。它是二酰甘油分子sn·3位上的羟基与糖基以糖苷键连接而成。最常见的甘油糖脂有单半乳糖基二酰基甘油和二半乳糖基二酰基甘油。其结构如下: + +$\smiles {O[C@H]1O[C@@H](CO)C(O)[C@H]1OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C(=O)O} +$ + +单半乳糖基二酰基甘油 + +$\smiles{O[C@H]1O[C@@H](CO)C(O)[C@H]1OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C(=O)O[C@H]1O[C@@H](CO)C(O)[C@H]1OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C(=O)O} +$ + +二半乳糖基二酰基甘油 + +甘油糖脂主要存在于植物界和微生物中。植物的叶绿体和微生物的质膜含有大量的甘油糖脂。哺乳类虽然含有甘油糖脂,但分布不普遍,主要存在于睾丸和精子的质膜以及中枢神经系统的髓磷脂中。 + +## 七、萜和类固醇 + +萜和类固醇与前述的各类脂质不同,一般不含脂肪酸,属不可皂化脂质。但在生物体内这两类脂质也是以乙酸为前体合成的。它们在生物体内含量虽不多,但不少是重要的活性脂质(见本章“脂质的生物学作用”)。 + +## (一) 萜 + +萜(terpene)分子的碳架可看成是由两个或多个异戊二烯单位(isoprene unit),一种五碳单位(缩写为$C_5$),连接而成。异戊二烯的连接方式一般是头尾相连,但也有尾尾相接的(图2-12)。形成的萜类可以是直链的,也可以是环状分子;可以是单环、双环和多环化合物。 +$\smiles{C=C(C)C=C}$ = + +$\smiles{C=C(C)C=C}$ + +$\smiles{CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CC}$ + +$\smiles{CC(C)=CCCC=C(C)C}$ + +异戊二烯 $C_5$ $C_{10}$ $C_{10}$ + +图2-12 异戊二烯(2-甲基1,3-丁二烯)的结构和异戊二烯在晶中的连接方式 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00009.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00009.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e4f8d836073657d76c24d00a745b05bc543c1e17 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00009.md @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +根据所含的异戊二烯的数目、萜可分为单萜、双萜、三萜和多萜等。由两个异戊二烯构成的萜称单萜,由3个异戊二烯构成的称倍半萜,由4个异戊二烯构成的称双萜,其余依此类推。 + +(1) 单萜(monoterpene) 碳原子数为 $C_{10}$; 存在于各种高等植物中, 许多是植物精油(essential oil) 的成分。链状单萜如香茅醇, 存于香茅油中的是 $R-(+)$ 型, 玫瑰油中的是 $S-(-)$ 型; 环状单萜如柠檬中的柠檬烯(图 2-13)。 + +A. 单萜 + +$\smiles{CC1=CCC(CC1)C(=C)C}$ +$柠檬烯$ +($limonene$) + +$\smiles{CC(C)=CCCC(C)CC=O}$ +$香茅醛$ +($citronellal$) + +B.倍半萜 + +$\smiles{CC(C)=CCCC(C)=C1CCC(C)=CC1}$ +$防风根烯$ +($Bisabolene$) + + +$\smiles{CC(=C)C1CCC2(C)CCCC(C(C)(C)O)C2C1}$ +$桉叶醇$ +($eudesmol$) + +C. 双萜 + +$\smiles{CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(=CCO)C}$ +$叶绿醇$ +($phytol$) + +$\smiles{CC1=C(C(CCC1)(C)C)/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=O)/C)/C}$ +$全反-视黄醛$ +($all-trans-retinal$) + +D. 三萜 + +$\smiles{CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C}$ +$鲨烯$ +($squalene$) + +$\smiles{CC(C)=CCCC(C)C1CCC2(C1=C(C)C3C(C2)C4(C(CC3)C(C(CC4)(C)C)O)C)C}$ +$羊毛固醇$ +($lanosterol$) + + +E. 四萜 + +$\smiles{CC(=CCCC(=CC=CC(=CC=CC(=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C)C)C)C)C}$ +$番茄红素$ +($lycopene$) + +$\smiles{CC1=C(C(CCC1)(C)C)C=CC(=CC=CC(=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC=C2C(=C(CCC2(C)C)C)C)C)C}$ +$\beta-胡萝卜素$ +($\beta-carotene$) + +图 2 13 某些酯类化合物的结构 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00010.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00010.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7ed77d589c10b0b97be111d15c8a32849ca9bf2a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00010.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ + +## (一) 氨基酸的兼性离子形式 + +过去曾长期认为,氨基酸在晶体甚至在水溶液中是以不解离的中性分子形式 $H_{2}NCHCOOH$ 存在的。后来发现氨基酸晶体的熔点很高,一般在 $200^{\circ}C$ 以上,例如甘氨酸在 $233^{\circ}C$ 熔解并分解;L-酪氨酸的熔点更高,$344^{\circ}C$;但是普通的有机化合物如二苯胺(diphenylamine),熔点为 $53^{\circ}C$。此外还发现氨基酸能使水的介电常数(dielectric constant)增高,而一般的有机化合物如乙醇、丙酮等却使水的介电常数降低。如果氨基酸在晶体或水中主要是以兼性离子(zwitterion)亦称偶极离子(dipolar ion)的形式存在: + +$\smiles{[NH3+]C(*)(C(=O)[O-])}$ + +不带电的中性分子为极微少,那么上述的两个事实就很容易解释。也就是说氨基晶体是由离子晶格组成的,微观氮化钠晶体一样,维持晶体中原子的作用力是强大的库样电荷之间的静电吸引。这跟离子晶体一般的一般的有机化合物晶体是由分子晶格组成的,分子晶格中质点的堆垒是靠范德华力(van der Waals force),这种力比静电吸引力要弱得多,因为它们的偶极矩。介电常数与分子的极性结构有关,极性分子的介电常数高,非极性的分子的介电常数低。显然,偶极矩强形式的氨基酸是强极性的物质,这样自然就增大了水的介电常数。在20℃,水的介电常数为80,而1mol/L浓度的α-氨基酸水溶液,其介电常数为102~108。 + +## (二)氨基酸的解离 + +依照 Brönsted-Lowry 的酸碱质子理论,酸是质子$\left(\mathrm{H}^{+}\right)^{*}$的供体(donor),碱是质子的受体或接纳体(acceptor)。酸碱的相互关系如下: + +$HA\rightleftharpoons A + H^+$ +酸 碱 质子 + +这里原始的酸(HA)和生成的碱(A⁻)被称为共轭酸-碱对。酸和碱有同一性,互为存在条件;在一条件下,又各向着和自己相反的方面转化:这一理论是符合辩证法的。 + +根据这一理论,氨基酸在水中的偶极离子既起酸(质子供体)的作用: + +$\smiles{[NH3+]C(*)(C(=O)[O-])}$ $\rightleftharpoons$ ${NC(*)(C(=O)[O-]).[H+]}$ + +也起碱(质子受体)的作用: + +$\smiles{[NH3+]C(*)(C(=O)[O-]).[H+]}$ $\rightleftharpoons$ ${[NH3+]C(*)(C(=O)O)}$ + +因此是一类两性电解质。 + +氨基酸完全质子化时,可以看成是多元酸,侧链不解离的中性氨基酸可看作二元酸,酸性氨基酸和碱性氨基酸可视为三元酸。现以甘氨酸为例,说明氨基酸的解离情况。甘氨酸盐酸盐是完全质子化的氨基酸,实质上是一个二元酸。它分部解离如下: + +· H'在水系统中更确切的应写为$H_{2}O'$,本书为简便计,以H*代替$H_{2}O^{*}$。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00011.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00011.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6bc83593624ffd03dae03dbf243dbf42e21cf1d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00011.md @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +表 3-3 氨基酸的解离常数和等电点 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
氨基酸$-COOHpK_{2}$$-NH_{3}pK_{0}$R 基pK,$pI$
甘氨酸2.349.505.97
丙氨酸2.349.696.02
缬氨酸2.329.625.97
亮氨酸2.369.605.98
异亮氨酸2.369.686.02
丝氨酸2.219.155.68
苏氨酸2.6310.436.53
天冬氨酸2.099.82$3.86(\beta COOH)$2.97
天冬酰胺2.028.85.41
谷氨酸2.199.674.25(yCOOH)3.22
谷氨酰胺2.179.135.65
精氨酸2.179.0412.48(服基)10.76
赖氨酸2.188.95$10.53(εNH)$9.74
组氨酸1.829.176.00(咪唑基)7.59
半胱氨酸1.7110.788.33(SH)5.02
甲硫氨酸2.289.215.75
苯丙氨酸1.839.135.48
酪氨酸2.209.1110.07(OH)5.66
色氨酸2.389.395.89
脯氨酸1.9910.606.30
+ +·除半胱氨酸是30℃测定数值外,其他氨基酸都是25℃测定数值。 + +## (三) 氨基酸的等电点 + +从甘氨酸的离解公式或离解曲线(图3-9)可以看到,氨基酸的带电状况可与溶液的pH有关,改变pH可以使氨基酸带上正电荷或负电荷,也可以使它处于正负电荷相等即净电荷为零的兼性离子状态。图3-9中曲线A段和曲线B段之间的拐点(pI=5.97)就是甘氨酸的等电点,称为等电点(isoelectric point,缩写为pI)。在等电pH时,氨基酸在电场中既不向正极也不向负极移动,即处于等电兼性离子(极少数为中性分子)状态,少数解离成阳离子和阴离子,但解离成阳离子和阴离子的数目和趋势相等。 + +对侧链 R 基不解离的中性氨基酸来说,其等电点是它的 $pK_{a1}$ 和 $pK_{a2}$ 的算术平均值; + +$pI = \frac{1}{2}(pK_{a1} + pK_{a2}).$ + +这可由氨基酸的解离公式推导出来。将前面所列的 $K_{a1}$ 和 $K_{a2}$ 的等式, + +$K_{s1}=\frac{[A^{*}][H^{*}]}{[A^{*}]}$ + +$K_{a2} = \frac{[A^-][H^+]}{[A^*]}$ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00012.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00012.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..28cd051cbec9d1e1e16f8fc6d88612e67847427f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00012.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +pH, 氨基酸带有净正电荷, 在电场中将向负极移动。在一定 pH 范围内, 氨基酸溶液的 pH 离等电点愈远, 氨基酸所携带的净电荷愈大。 + +## (四) 氨基酸的甲醛滴定 + +氨基酸虽然是一种两性电解质,既是酸又是碱,但是它却不能直接用酸、碱滴定来进行定量测定。这是因为氨基酸的酸、碱滴定的等电点pH或过高(12~13)或过低(1~2),没有适当的指示剂可被选用。然而向氨基酸例如甘氨酸溶液中加入过量的甲醛,用标准氢氧化钠滴定时,由于甲醛与氨基酸中的$-NH_{2}$作用形成$-NH\cdot CH_{2}OH$,$-\mathrm{N}(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{OH})_{2}$等经甲基衍生物(图3-11)而降低了氨基的碱性,相对地增强了$-NH_{3}$的酸性解离,使$pK_{a2}$减少2~3个pH单位,$pK_{a2}$移至7附近(见图3-12)。氢氧化钠滴定曲线B段向pH低的方向转移(变成曲线C段),滴定终点也移到pH9附近。在有甲醛存在的情况下,滴定曲线发生显著变动的原因也可以这样来解释。从下面的关系式: + +$\smiles{NCC(=O)O}$ $ \rightleftharpoons \overset{\text{pk2}}{} $ + +$\smiles{[O-]C(=O)CN}$ + $H^+$ +$ \rightleftharpoons \overset{\text{HCHO}}{} $ + +$\smiles{[O-]C(=O)CNC(=O)}$ +$ \rightleftharpoons \overset{\text{HCHO}}{} $ + +$\smiles{[O-]C(=O)CN(CO)CO}$ + +图 3-11 甲醛与氨基酸的氨基作用形成羟甲基衍生物 + + + +图 3-12 加甲醛和不加甲醛的甘氨酸滴定曲线 + +$$\mathrm{pH}=\mathrm{p}K_{\mathrm{a2}}+\log\frac{\left[\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{NCH}_{2}\mathrm{COO}^{-}\right]}{\left[\mathrm{H}_{3}\mathrm{NCH}_{2}\mathrm{COO}^{-}\right]}$$ + +看出,甲醛与 $H_{2}NCH_{2}COO^{-}$ 结合,有效地减低了后者的浓度,所以对于加入任何量的碱,$\left[H_{2}NCH_{2}COO^{-}\right]/\left[H_{3}NCH_{2}COO^{-}\right]$ 的比值总要比不存在甲醛的情况下小得多。加入甲醛的甘氨酸溶液用标准盐酸滴定时,滴定曲线 A 段并不发生改变。由此可见用氢氧化钠滴定是和 $-NH_{3}$ 的氢离子发生反应,在没有加入甲醛的条件下,$pK_{a2}=9.60$ 代表甘氨酸中 $-NH_{3}$ 的解离。 + +氨基酸的甲醛滴定(formol titration)是测定氨基酸的一种常用方法。当氨基酸溶液中存在1 mol/L甲醛时,滴定终点由pH 12左右移至pH 9附近,亦即酚酞指示剂的变色区域。这就是SØrensen甲醛滴定法的基础。 + +## 四、氨基酸的化学反应 + +氨基酸的化学反应主要是指它的 $\alpha-$ 氨基和 $\alpha-$ 羧基以及侧链上的功能团所参与的反应。下面我们着重讨论在蛋白质化学中具有重要意义的氨基酸化学反应。 + +## (一)$\alpha$ - 氨基参加的反应 + +1. 与亚硝酸反应 + +氨基酸的氨基也和其他的伯胺一样,在室温下与亚硝酸作用生成氮气,其反应式如下: + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00013.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00013.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cf394faaa09278a5a0ec2ce9b221886199e6fff0 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00013.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +此反应是蛋白质结晶学中制备重原子衍生物最常用的方法之一。由于许多蛋白质,如SH酶,其活性中心涉及一SH基,当遇到重金属离子而生成硫醇盐时,将导致酶的失活,因此制备这类蛋白质时应避免进入重金属离子。 + +半胱氨酸可与二硫硝基苯甲酸(dithionitrobenzoic acid,缩写为 DTNB)或称 Ellman 试剂发生硫醇-二硫化物交换反应: + +$\smiles{NC(OC)(C)C(N)=S}+\smiles{OC(=O)NSSCC(=O)O}\rightarrow +\smiles{OC(=O)NSSSCC(N)C(=O)O}+\smiles{O=S(=O)(O)C(=O)O} +$ + +DTNB 硫硝基苯甲酸 + +反应中 1 分子的半胱氨酸引起 1 分子的硫硝基苯甲酸的释放。它在 pH 8.0 时,在 412 nm 波长处有强烈的光吸收,因此可利用分光光度法定量测定一SH基。 + +巯基很容易受空气或其他氧化剂氧化。当有微量的金属离子如 $Cu^{2+}$,$Fe^{2+}$,$Co^{2+}$ 或 $Mn^{2+}$ 存在下,巯基的空气氧化将显著提高。这些离子可能是反应所需的催化剂,巯基的这些金属络合物可能是与氧作用的真正反应物。硫酸氧化中一般遇到的只有两种氧化衍生物:二硫化物和磺酸。前者是硫酸的空气氧化产物; + +$2R-SH + \frac{1}{2}O_2 \rightarrow R-S-S-R + H_2O$ + +例如半胱氨酸氧化成胱氨酸(见本章氨基酸的分类部分)。后者是在更强的氧化剂作用下产生的,例如用过甲酸(performic acid)处理,一SH基和一S—S—(二硫键)被氧化成磺酸基(一SO₃H)。 + +胱氨酸中的二硫键在稳定蛋白质的构象上起很大的作用。氧化剂和还原剂都可打开二硫键。过甲酸可以定量地打开二硫键,生成磺基丙氨酸(cysteic acid)残基。还原剂如巯基化合物(R—SH)也能打开二硫键,生成半胱氨酸残基及相应的二硫化物: + +$\smiles{NC(CO)C(=O)O.NC(C)C(=O)O.SS.C=O}\xrightarrow{6HCOOOH} +2\smiles{NC(CS(=O)(=O)O)C(=O)O}+6HCOOOH +$ + +$\smiles{NC(CO)C(=O)O.NC(C)C(=O)O.SS.C=O}\xrightarrow{\smiles{CS.CS}} +2\smiles{N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)O}+\smiles{CSSC} +$ + +这里使用的还原剂有巯基乙醇(mercaptoethanol)、巯基乙酸(mercaptoacetic acid)、二硫苏糖醇(dithiothreitol,缩写为DTT)等。其中最有用的是二硫苏糖醇及其异构体二硫赤藓糖醇(dithioerythritol): + +$\smiles{CS.SO.COC.CO}+\smiles{CSSC}\rightleftharpoons +\smiles{OC1C(O)C2CCSSC1CS2}+\smiles{CS.CS} +$ diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00014.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00014.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ab10214bf10425c471d5a24427b26288af22be33 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00014.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +sugar 或 saccharide(拉丁文, saccharum 即 sugar)。saccharide 一词常被冠以词头,用作糖的类别名称,如 monosaccharide(单糖), polysaccharide(多糖)等。汉文中“糖类”和“碳水化合物”两词通用,但以前者为多。 + +糖从化学角度看,它们是多羟基的醛或多羟基的酮。大家熟悉的简单糖如葡萄糖和果糖,它们具有下面的结构式: + +$\smiles{OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O}$ +$D-葡萄糖$ + +$\smiles{OCC(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO}$ +$D-果糖$ + +葡萄糖含6个碳原子、5个羟基和1个醛基,称己醛糖;果糖含6个碳原子、5个羟基和1个酮基,称己酮糖。淀粉和纤维素也属于糖类,它们是由多个葡萄糖分子缩合而成的聚合物。此外,像N-乙酰葡糖胺、果糖-1,6-二磷酸这样一些糖的衍生物也归入糖类。因此从其化学本质给糖类下一个定义:糖类是多羟基、多羟醛或其衍生物,或水解时能产生这些物质的化合物。 + +## (四) 糖的命名与分类 + +个别糖的命名,多数是根据糖的来源给予一个通俗名称,如葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、乳糖、棉子糖和壳多糖等。 + +糖类物质根据它们的聚合度分类如下: + +1. 单糖(monosaccharide) + +单糖是不能被水解成更小分子的糖类,也称简单糖,如葡萄糖、果糖和核糖等。 + +2. 寡糖(oligosaccharide) + +寡糖包括的类别很多,双糖或称二糖(disaccharide),水解时生成2分子单糖,如麦芽糖、蔗糖等;三糖(trisaccharide),水解时产生3分子单糖,如棉子糖;以及四糖(tetrasaccharide)、五糖(pentasaccharide)和六糖(hexasaccharide)等。 + +3. 多糖(polysaccharide) + +多糖是水解时产生20个以上单糖分子的糖类。包括: + +(1) 同多糖(homopolysaccharide) 水解时只产生一种单糖或单糖衍生物,如糖原、淀粉、壳多糖等。 + +(2) 杂多糖(heteropolysaccharide) 水解时产生一种以上的单糖或/和单糖衍生物,如透明质酸、半纤维素等。 + +糖类与蛋白质、脂质等生物分子形成的共价结合物如糖蛋白、蛋白聚糖和糖脂等,总称复合糖或糖复合物(glycoconjugate)。 + +单糖可根据分子中含醛基还是酮基分为醛糖(aldose)和酮糖(ketose),实验式常写为$(CH_2O)_n$。自然界中最小的单糖$n=3$,最大的一般$n=7$。依据分子中所含的碳原子数目(3~7)分别称为三碳糖或丙糖(triose),四碳糖或丁糖(tetrose),五碳糖或戊糖(pentose),六碳糖或己糖(hexose)和七碳糖或庚糖(heptose)。有时碳原子数目和含羰基的类型结合起来命名,例如己醛糖、庚酮糖。 + +## 二、旋光异构 + +## (一)有关旋光异构的几个概念 + +旋光异构[现象]在生物分子中普遍存在,并具有重要的生物学意义。在讲述单糖结构与性质之前,先 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00015.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00015.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..07313c1a352ddb4b35cd9029857f77c439785852 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00015.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + +图 3-31 气相层析仪的基本组件 + +高:氨基酸由于含有各种极性基团,气化十分困难,必须把它转变成容易挥发的化合物才能进行气相层析。氨基酸与苯异硫氰酸酯反应生成PTH-氨基酸(见本章氨基酸的化学反应部分),然后经三甲基硅烷基化(trimethylsilylation),便可得到能很好气化的氨基酸衍生物。 + +## (七) 高效液相层析 + +高效液相层析(high performance liquid chromatography,简称 HPLC)曾称高压液相层析(high pressure liquid chromatography)。这是近二十多年内发展起来的一项快速、灵敏、高效的分离技术。 + +HPLC 的特点是:① 使用的固定相支持剂颗粒很细,因而表面积很大;② 溶剂系统采取高压,因此洗脱速度增大。多种类型的柱层析都可用 HPLC 来代替,例如分配层析、离子交换层析,吸附层析以及凝胶过滤(见第 7 章)。 + +高效液相层析的图解见图3-32。 + + + +图3-32 高效液相层析的图解 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00016.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00016.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..be11962eedee0bc369e33a5316ec048276f654a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00016.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + +## (一) 肽和肽键的结构 + +现在公认蛋白质分子中氨基酸连接的基本方式是肽键(peptide bond) $\smiles{C(=O)N}$。这主要有下列一些实验根据: + +(1)蛋白质分子中游离 $\alpha-$ 氨基和 $\alpha-$ 羧基是很少的。在蛋白质水解过程中,游离 $\alpha-$ 氨基和 $\alpha-$ 羧基以等摩尔数的数值增加。这表示氨基酸中的 $\alpha-$ 氨基和 $\alpha-$ 羧基在构成蛋白质分子时,参与某种结合,而当蛋白质水解时,这种结合又断开而重新形成 $\alpha-$ 氨基和 $\alpha-$ 羧基。 + +(2) 某些人工合成的多肽能被水解蛋白质的蛋白酶所水解。更进一步,还发现同样这些蛋白酶不但能够水解肽键,而且也能催化它的逆转,即在氨基酸或多肽之间形成肽键。 + +(3) 包含$\smiles{C(=O)N}$ 基团的化合物如双缩脲(biuret)${H2N-CO-NH-CO-NH2}$ 能与硫酸铜-氢氧化钠溶液产生双缩脲颜色反应。天然蛋白质也有同样的反应。 + +(4) 人工合成的多聚氨基酸的 X 射线衍射图案和红外吸收光谱与天然的纤维状蛋白质十分相似。 + +(5)我国在世界上首次人工合成蛋白质——结晶牛胰岛素的成功,完全证明了蛋白质的肽链结构学说的正确性。 + +在蛋白质和多肽分子中连接氨基酸残基的共价键除了肽键之外,还有一个较常见的是两个半胱氨酸残基的侧链之间形成的二硫键(disulfide bond),即胱氨酸残基中的二硫键。二硫键也叫做二硫桥(disulfide bridge)。它可以使两条单独的肽链交联起来(链间二硫键),或使一条链的某一部分形成环(链内二硫键)。 + +最简单的肽由两个氨基酸组成,称为二肽(dipeptide),其中含一个肽键。含3个、4个、5个等氨基酸残基的肽分别称为三肽、四肽、五肽。通常把含几个至十几个氨基酸残基的肽链统称为寡肽(digopeptide),更长的肽链称为多肽(polypeptide)。有的学者把不多于12个残基的肽、直接称二肽、三肽、四肽等,把超过12个而不多于20个残基的称寡肽,含20个以上残基的称为多肽。必须指出,这些术语的差别是不严格的。肽链中的氨基酸由于参加肽键的形成已经不是原来完整的分子,因此称为氨基酸残基(amino acid residue)。多肽链中每一氨基酸单位在形成肽键时丢失一分子水。严格地说每形成一个肽键丢失一分子水,因此丢失的水分子数应比氨基酸残基数少一个。一条多肽链的主链通常在一端含有一个游离的末端氨基,在另一端含有一个游离的末端氨基。这两个游离的末端基团有时连接而成环状肽(cyclic peptide)。肽的命名是根据参与其组成的氨基酸残基来确定的,规定从肽链的$NH_{2}$末端氨基酸残基开始,称为其氨基酸某氨基酸……某氨基酸。例如,具有下列化学结构的五肽命名为丝氨酸甘氨酸酰基酸酰丙氨酸亮氨酸(serylglycyltylrosylailylleucine),简写为Ser-Gly-Tyr-Ala-Leu。应指出,肽链也像氨基酸一样具有极性,通常总是把$NH_{2}$末端氨基酸残基放在左边,COOH末端氨基酸残基放在右边,除特别指明者外。以下举例的五肽丝氨酸残基侧为$NH_{2}$末端(N端),亮氨酸残基侧为COOH末端(C端)。注意,反过来书写的Leu-Ala-Tyr-Gly-Ser是一个不同的五肽。 + +N端 + +$ \smiles{[NH3+][C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)[O-]} $ + +C端 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00017.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00017.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b2ebc90fbbd8b5aab554b4b645d5eeb6fde4b172 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00017.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +热稳定性有关。此酶的作用专一性较差(图4-9),常用于断裂较短的多肽链或大肽段。 + +$\smiles{NC([*])C(=O)NC([*])C(=O)NC([*])C(=O)} +$ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
胰蛋白酶R₁ = Lys 或 Arg 侧链(要求, 水解速度快); AECys (能水解,速度较慢)
R₂ = Pro (抑制水解)
糜蛋白酶R₁ = Phe、Trp 或 Tyr (水解速度快); Leu、Met 或 His (水解速度次之)
R₂ = Pro (抑制水解)
嗜热菌蛋白酶R₁ = Leu、Ile、Phe、Trp、Val、Tyr 或 Met (疏水性强的残基,水解速度快)
R₂ = Gly或Pro(不水解)
R₃ 或 R₄ = Pro (抑制水解)
胃蛋白酶R₁ 和/或 R₂ = Phe、Leu、Trp、Tyr 以及其他疏水性残基(水解速度好)
R₁ = Pro (不水解)
+ +图 4-9 几种蛋白水解酶(内肽酶)的专一性 + +(4) 胃蛋白酶(pepsin) 它的专一性与糜蛋白酶类似,但它要求断裂点两侧的残基都是疏水性氨基酸,如 Phe—Phe。此外与糜蛋白酶不同的是酶作用的最适 pH,前者是 pH 2,后者是 pH 8~9。由于二硫键在酸性条件下稳定,因此确定二硫键位置时,常用胃蛋白酶来水解。 + +(5) 木瓜蛋白酶(papsin)专一性差,断裂位点与其附近的序列关系密切,它对Arg和Lys残基的羧基端肽键敏感。木瓜蛋白酶在番木瓜(Carica papaya)果中很丰富,另一个类似的蛋白酶是凤梨中的菠萝蛋白酶(bromelain)。 + +(6) 葡萄球菌蛋白酶和梭菌蛋白酶 近年来发现的几种高专一性肽链内切酶,在蛋白质序列测定中很有前途,对相对分子质量比较大的多肽链采用逐级专一性降解是相当理想的。葡萄球菌蛋白酶(Staphylococcal protease)和梭菌蛋白酶(clostripain)就是其中的两个。 + +葡萄球菌蛋白酶亦称 Glu 蛋白酶,它是从金黄色葡萄球菌菌株 Vs(Staphylococcus aureus, strain Vs) 中分离得到的,是近来发现的最有效、应用最广泛的一种蛋白酶。酶相对分子质量为 12 000。当在磷酸缓冲液 (pH 7.8) 中进行裂解时,它能在 Glu 残基和 Asp 残基的羧基端断裂肽键。如果改用碳酸氢铵缓冲液 (pH 7.8) 或醋酸铵缓冲液 (pH 4.0) 时,则只能断裂谷氨酸残基羧基端的肽键。 + +梭菌蛋白酶或称 Arg 蛋白酶,它是从溶组织梭状芽孢杆菌(Clostridium histolyticum)中分离出来的。此酶专门裂解 Arg 残基的羧基端肽键。即使在 6 mol/L 尿素中 20 h 内仍具活力,这样对不溶性蛋白质的长时间裂解将是很有效的。 + +## 2. 化学裂解法 + +用化学裂解法获得的肽段一般都比较大,适合在自动序列仪中测定序列,因此化学法对相对分子质量大的蛋白质序列测定是很重要的。 + +(1) 用溴化氰断裂溴化氰(cyanogen bromide)只断裂由甲硫氨酸残基的羧基参加形成的肽键。由于大多数蛋白质只含有很少的甲硫氨酸,因此CNBr裂解产生的肽段不多:这些肽段可以用胰蛋白酶处理使成更小的肽段。断裂反应在70%甲酸中进行,这样可以使卷曲的多肽链松散开来,以便暴露出甲硫氨酸侧链,有利于和CNBr发生作用。反应的第一步是甲硫氨酸残基硫原子的孤电子对对溴化氰的碳发生亲核攻击生成溴化氰基硫(cyanosulfonium bromide)中间物并释放出Br离子。第二步是Met的羰基氧对侧链R基发生亲核攻击生成环化溴化亚氨内酯(iminolactone bromide)和甲基硫氰酸。第三步环化衍生物遇水,Met残基的羧基端肽键发生断裂,C-末端为高丝氨酸内酯残基(N-末端肽段)和多肽链的原C-末端肽段。前一肽段的C-末端环酯之所以称高丝氨酸内酯是因为它可以看成是由带有$-CH_{2}-CH_{2}OH$ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00018.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00018.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..98feb944f796d069e7d6dee3b7c5a0e420ffef59 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00018.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +$\smiles{[R]C(=O)[X]} +$ + +这样形成的亲电中心允许亲核的非离子化氨基对它进行攻击: + +$\smiles{C=C(C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)NC[NH2-]}\rightarrow\smiles{F[C@@H](N=C=O)NC}+HX +$ + +羧基的活化最早采用的方法是酰氯法(acid chloride)即把氨基被保护后的氨基酸用五氯化磷处理,生成酰氯($\smiles{-C(=O)-Cl}$)。这个方法因反应条件剧烈,现已不大采用。比较温和的方法如叠氮法、混合酸酐法和活化酯法,现已广泛地被用于肽的合成。 + +(1) 叠氮(azide)法 由小肽进一步缩合成大肽时,常用叠氮法。此法不引起消旋,因此产物的光学纯度较高。 + +$\smiles{CC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)OC}\xrightarrow{NH_2NH_2} +\smiles{CC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)NN}\xrightarrow{HN0_2} +\smiles{CC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N=[N+]=[N-]}\xrightarrow{\smiles{N[C@@H](C)C(=O)OC}} +\smiles{CC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)OC} +$ + +(2) 活化酯(activated ester)法 氨基被保护的氨基酸对硝基苯酯(一种活化酯)能与另一个氨基酸的氨基缩合成肽。此法作用温和,产率较高。 + +$\smiles{CC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)Oc1ccc(cc1)[N+](=O)[O-]}+\smiles{N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)OC} +\rightarrow\smiles{CC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)OC} +$ + +(3) 混合酸酐(mixed anhydride)法 氨基被保护的氨基酸,在低温且有叔胺$\left(\mathrm{NR}_{3}\right)$的存在下与氯甲酸乙酯生成混合酸酐,能与另一氨基酸酯缩合成肽。缺点是容易产生消旋,但在无水溶剂中消旋可以保持较低水平。 + +$\smiles{CC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)O}\xrightarrow{\smiles{CCOC(=O)Cl}} +\smiles{CC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)OC(=O)OCC}\xrightarrow{NR_3\smiles{N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)OCC}} +\smiles{CC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)OCC} +$ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00019.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00019.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..57c57407ab47b12427ff0282d15f7817088fe88d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00019.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ + A + +图 5−5 精圆偏振和椭圆率 + +A. 当 $E_L \ne E_R$ 时,左、右圆偏振光叠合成椭圆偏振光。虚线椭圆是椭圆偏振光 $E$ 矢量的运动轨迹;两个实线圆分别是圆偏振光 $E_L$ 和 $E_R$ 矢量的运动轨迹;B. $\theta$ 是椭圆率,$\alpha$ 是旋光度(对一般的光学活性物质,圆二色性和旋光现象同时发生) + +B + + + +图 5−6 多聚 L−羧氨酸在不同构象条件下的标准远紫外 (D) 光谱 + +外 CD 光谱反映主链构象。典型的 $\alpha$ 螺旋在 208 nm 和 222 nm 左右有两个负槽,在 192 nm 有一个正峰。$\beta$ 折叠片也出现 190 nm 附近的正峰,并位于 215 nm 的负槽。相反,无规卷曲在 199 nm 处有一个负槽(图 5-6)。 + +圆二色性还能用于估算蛋白质中 $\alpha$ 螺旋、$\beta$ 折叠片和无规卷曲的含量。假设蛋白质分子全由这 3 种构象单元组成,它们所含的残基数占蛋白质分子的总残基数的百分数分别为 $f_{\alpha}, f_{\beta}$ 和 $f_{R}$,则 + +$f_{*}+f_{\beta}+f_{R}=1\quad(1)$ + +再假设蛋白质分子中的各种构象单元在波长处的椭圆率也可以加和,则 + +$\left[\theta\right]_{\lambda}=f_{\nu}\left[\theta\right]_{\nu,\lambda}+f_{\mu}\left[\theta\mid_{\lambda,\lambda}+f_{\mathrm{R}}\left[\theta\right]_{\mathrm{R},\lambda}\right.\quad(2)$ + +式中$\left[\theta\right]$为实验样品CD曲线在波长$\lambda$处的摩尔椭圆率;$\left[\theta\right]_{0.5}$、$\left[\theta\right]_{p.k}$和$\left[\theta\right]_{R.k}$分别为100% $\alpha$螺旋、100% $\beta$折叠片和100%无规卷曲构象在波长$\lambda$处的摩尔椭圆率,这些数据可由人工合成的多聚氨基酸获得(图5-6)。因此利用公式(2),理论上只要选择3个不同波长的$\left[\theta\right]$,即可得到一组三元一次方程,并由此解出未知数$f_{a}$、$f_{b}$和$f_{R}$,现在实际上都是用现成的程序在计算机上完成的。 + +## 4. 核磁共振(NMR) + +NMR 的基本原理已在第 3 章氨基酸的光谱性质部分介绍。 + +样品中由射频脉冲诱导的瞬时磁化将随时间衰减,并弛豫至平衡态。弛豫过程给出丰富的有关大分子结构和动态信息,因为弛豫过程对分子的几何学和运动都很敏感:特别的启示是核奥氏效应(nuclear Overhauser effect,NOE),这是原子核间的一种偶极-偶极相互作用,其大小与核间距离的6次方成反比。如果核间距离小于0.5 nm(图5-7A),磁化将从激发核转移到非激发核;二维核奥氏增强波谱法(NOESY)的波谱能够图解式地展示接近的质子对。NOESY谱的对角线相当于一维NMR(化学位移)谱。对角线以外的峰称交叉峰,它代表距离不超过0.5 nm,有NOE联系的质子对。NOESY谱中的重叠峰一般只要获得经$^{15}$N和$^{13}$C标记的蛋白质的NMR谱,则可分辨开来。照射这样的原子核可以沿第三轴把NOE重叠峰分开,这就是所谓多维NMR谱。蛋白质的三维结构根据大量的这种邻近关系可以重建。 + +NMR 和 X 射线晶体学是能够在原子水平上揭示蛋白质和其他生物分子三维结构的仅有的两种技术。X 射线方法能给出高分辨率的图像,但需要晶体,而 NMR 方法能研究溶液中的蛋白质结构,只要提供高浓度的溶液(对一个 $15 \times 10^3$ 蛋白质约 15 mg/ml)。而且 NMR 还能提供大量有关动态的信息。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00020.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00020.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..38b62f3614b8324f36321c8e98a21f56909b7c41 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00020.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +在:$\beta$ 折叠片也是一种重复性的结构,可以把它想象为由折叠的条状纸片侧向并排而成(图5-17),每条纸片可看成是一条肽链,在这里肽主链沿纸条形成锯肉状(zigzag),$\alpha-$ 碳原子位于折叠线上。注意,在折叠片上的侧链都垂直于折叠片的平面,并交替地从半面上下二侧伸出。折叠片可以有两种形式,一种是平行式(parallel),另一种是反平行式(antiparallel),在平行$\beta$ 折叠片中,相邻肽链是同向的(都是N→C或C→N),在反平行$\beta$ 折叠片中,相邻肽链是反向的(图5-18)。 + + + +图 5--17 在纸“折叠片”上画出的反平行 $\beta$ 折叠片 + +A + + + +B + + + +图 5 18 在平行(A)和反平行(B)$\beta$折叠片中氢键的排列(图中未示出侧链) + +β折叠片中每条肽链称为β折叠股或β股$(\beta-\text{strand})$,它可设想为一个二重螺旋(twofold helix)或二重带,每螺圈含2个残基。由于α-碳原子的四面体性质,连续的酰胺平面排列成折叠形式。在此结构 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00021.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00021.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b84470a72123bb7298102fdd442e0ad54399bb58 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00021.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +时,多肽链回到原来的 $\alpha$ 螺旋构象。这时头发将以所需单的形式卷曲,因为新的二硫交联键的形成使得头发纤维的 $\alpha$ 螺旋束发生扭曲。 + +## (二)丝心蛋白和其他β-角蛋白:β折叠片蛋白质 + +除了上述的 $\alpha-$ 角蛋白充分伸展后可逆地转变为 $\beta-$ 角蛋白 ($\beta$ 构象) 之外,自然界中还存在天然的 $\beta-$ 角蛋白,例如丝心蛋白 (fibroin),这是蚕丝和蜘蛛丝的一种蛋白质。丝心蛋白具有抗张强度高,质地柔软的特性,但不能拉伸。它具有 0.7 nm 周期,这与 $\alpha-$ 角蛋白在湿热中伸展后形成的 $\beta-$ 角蛋白很相似 (0.65 nm 周期)。丝心蛋白是典型的反平行 $\beta$ 折叠片,多肽链取锯齿状折叠构象。在这种结构中,侧链交替地分布在折叠片的两侧。 + +丝心蛋白分子取片层结构即反平行β折叠片以平行的方式堆积成多层结构。链间主要以氢键连接,层间主要靠范德华力维系。丝心蛋白的一级结构分析揭示,它主要是由具有小侧链的甘氨酸、丝氨酸和丙氨酸组成,每隔一个残基就是甘氨酸。这就意味着所有的甘氨酸位于折叠片平面的一侧,丝氨酸和丙氨酸等都在平面的另一侧(图5-22A)。同一多肽链一侧的两个相邻侧链间距离(重复距离)是0.7nm,在层 + +A + + + +B + + + +图 5-22 丝心蛋白的结构 + +A. 堆积的 $\beta$ 折叠片的三维结构;B. 交叠层中丙氨酸(或谷氨酸),残基侧链和甘氨酸残基侧链(H原子)的连侧 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00022.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00022.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dd0960e93c7d083e31775494a4c0ae4ad6bb768c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00022.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +A + +$\smiles{C([C@@H](C(=O)*)N*)Cc1cc(O)c(C[C@@H](C(=O)*)N*)n1CC(O)CCC[C@@H](C(=O)*)N*}$ +吡啶啉(交联体) + +B + +$\smiles{C([C@@H](C(=O)*)N*)Cc1cc(CCC(N)C(=O))c(C[C@@H](C(=O)*)N*)n1CC(O)CCC[C@@H](C(=O)*)N*}$ +锁链素(交联体) + +图 5-26 吡啶啉和锁链素的结构 + +胶原蛋白不易被一般的蛋白酶水解,但能被梭菌或动物的胶原酶(collagenase)断裂。断裂的碎片自动变性,可被普通蛋白酶水解。胶原于水中煮沸即转变为明胶或称动物胶(gelatine),它是一种可溶性的多肽混合物。从营养角度看,胶原蛋白并不是理想的,因为它缺少很多人体所必需的氨基酸。 + +## (四) 弹性蛋白 + +弹性蛋白(clastin)是结缔组织中的另一种蛋白质,它的最重要的性质就是弹性,并因此得名。弹性蛋白使肺、血管特别是大动脉管以及韧带等具有伸展性。弹性蛋白也是一种丰富的蛋白质,但不如胶原蛋白和肌球蛋白(见后面)那样普遍。弹性蛋白不同于胶原蛋白有几点:弹性蛋白只有一个基因,胶原蛋白每种亚基,如$\alpha1(I)$、$\alpha2(I)$等,都有自己的基因;弹性蛋白不含烃赖氨酸,不被糖基化,而胶原蛋白是一种糖蛋白;弹性蛋白不含Gly-Pro-y和Gly-x-Hyp重复序列,因而不能形成胶原蛋白那样的超螺旋。 + +弹性蛋白是由可溶性的单体合成的,它是弹性蛋白纤维的基本单位,称原弹性蛋白(tropoelastin)。原弹性蛋白约含700个氨基酸残基,相对分子质量7200,富含Gly、Ala、Val和Pro,但不含羟氨酸,羟脯氨酸含量也很少。原弹性蛋白是由成纤维细胞(fibroblast)和其他结缔组织细胞分泌的。 + +弹性蛋白纤维中原弹性蛋白分子按两种方式交联在一起,一种与胶原蛋白中的一样,即通过羟氨酸正亮氨酸衍生物交联。另一种是原弹性蛋白中特定的 Lys 侧链赖氨酰氧化酶催化下氧化脱氨成醛基(图 5-25)后,由 3 个这样的醛基和一个未被修饰的 Lys 侧链形成类似吡啶啉的锁链素(desmosine)和异锁链素(isodemosine)交联体(图 5-26B),它们是弹性蛋白的标志。通过锁链素或异锁链素 2、3 或 4 条原弹性蛋白链交联成橡皮样的肽链网,能作二维或三维可逆伸缩,交联后的成熟弹性蛋白是不溶性的,很稳定。弹性蛋白可能缺乏有规则的二级结构,但含有各种各样的无规卷曲构象,当施加张力时,卷曲可以拉伸,张力除去后卷曲又可复原。 + +## (五)肌球蛋白和原肌球蛋白 + +各种类型肌肉(横纹肌、平滑肌和心肌)以及许多其他收缩系统都含有两种构成肌纤维的主要蛋白质:肌球蛋白和肌动蛋白。 + +肌球蛋白(myosin)是一种很长的棒状分子,由6条多肽链组成,相对分子质量约为$540 \times 10^{3}$。如图5-27所示,这6条多肽链包括两条$Mr230 \times 10^{3}$的重链和两对不同的轻链(每条约为$20 \times 10^{3}$)。重链由N-末端的双头球状区(头)和C-末端的棒状区(尾)组成,头和尾之间是一个柔性的铰链区(颈)。尾部由两条自身是右手α螺旋的链相互缠绕形成的左手超螺旋,称α螺旋卷曲螺旋(α-helix coiled coil),长约为150 nm,直径为2 nm。多个肌球蛋白分子通过它们的尾区间的离子相互作用(图5-30)装配成骨骼 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00023.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00023.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1b23935662792c6bace70e45664cbed0be70edfa --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00023.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +被多种膜蛋白所利用,但它们都有自己的连接要求,包括专一酶的参与等。 + + + + + +图 5-46 4 种脂锚定膜蛋白中蛋白质部分与脂质分子的连接方式 + +(a) N-豆蔻酰化;(b) S-脂肪酰化;(c) 硫醚异戊二酰化;(d) 蛋白质的C-末端经丝氨酸通过酰胺键与GPI上的乙醇胺残基连接 + +## 1. 酰胺连接的豆蔻酰锚钩 + +豆蔻酸可以通过酰胺键与被选蛋白(靶蛋白)的N-末端甘氨酸残基的α-氨基连接。此反应称为N-豆蔻酰化(N-myristoylation),它由N-豆蔻酰基转移酶(简称NMT)催化。N-豆蔻酰锚定蛋白包括cAMP依赖蛋白激酶(cAMPdependent protein kinase)的催化亚基、G蛋白α-亚基(第1章),某些反转录病毒(retrovirus),包括AIDS的病原体HIV-1(人免疫缺陷病毒-1)的gag蛋白(如p24、p9、p7等,见图5-56)。 + +## 2. 硫醚连接的脂肪酰锚钩 + +各种细胞和病毒蛋白质含有通过酯键与多肽链的 Cys 残基侧链,有时与 Ser 或 Thr 残基侧链共价连接的脂肪酸。这些脂肪酸包括豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸和油酸。通过脂肪酸硫醚键锚定于膜的蛋白有 G 蛋白偶联受体,几种病毒的表面糖蛋白和转铁蛋白受体。 + +## 3. 硫醚连接的异戊二烯基锚钩 + +作为例证的异聚二烯基(萜类)包括法尼基(farnesyl)和牻牛儿牻牛儿基(geranylgeranyl)。前者是一个倍半萜(C₁₅),$\smiles{CC(C)=CCCC=CCCC(C)=CC}$;后者是一个双萜(C₂₀),$\smiles{CC=CCCC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCCC=C}$由两个牻牛儿基(单萜 C₁₀)组成(见第 2 章)。 +一般发生在靶蛋白 C-末端 CAAX 序列的 Cys 残基上,其中 C 是 Cys,A 是任一脂肪族氨基酸残基,X 是任一氨基酸残基。发生异戊二烯化(prenylation)反应时,一个专一蛋白酶剪去 3 个 C-末端残基(AAX),新末端 Cys 的羧基被甲基化酯酰。这些修饰对异聚二烯基锁定蛋白质的随后定位是必要的。异戊二烯化蛋白包括酵母交配因子(yeast mating factor)和纤层蛋白(lamin),后者是内核膜中的核纤层(nuclear lamina)的结构组分。 + +## 4. 糖基磷脂酰肌醇锚钩 + +糖基磷脂酰肌醇(GPI)是通过连接在一个寡糖上的磷酸乙醇胺残基修饰靶蛋白的C-末端氨基酸。此寡糖又被连接在磷脂酰肌醇的肌醇部分(图5-46)。寡糖一般由一个保守的四糖核心(Man-Man-Man-GlcNAc)组成,此核心可以通过修饰甘露糖残基,例如加入各种大小不同的半乳糖寡糖链,额外的 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00024.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00024.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9afa131148da3ef7323fc819a3d9a241f06dd55e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00024.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +式中 $MbO_2$ 代表氧合肌红蛋白, $Mb$ 代表去氧肌红蛋白。根据生物化学中的习惯, 把氧合平衡看成解离平衡, 并用 $K$ 代表解离平衡常数: + +$K = \frac{[Mb][O_2]}{[MbO_2]}$ $\quad(6-1)$ + +或 + +$\frac{[MbO_{2}]}{[Mb]} = \frac{[O_{2}]}{K} \quad (6-2)$ + +所以,MbO$_{2}$ 与 Mb 浓度之比恰好与 [O$_{2}$] 成正比。 + +由于 Mb 和 $MbO_{2}$ 的浓度难于测定,因此需要引进一个新的参数 Y 以便消去 Mb 和 $MbO_{2}$ 两个参数。Y 被定义为在给定的氧压下肌红蛋白的氧分数饱和度(fractional saturation),即 $MbO_{2}$ 分子数占肌红蛋白(Mb和 $MbO_{2}$) 分子总数的百分数: + +$Y=\frac{[MbO_{2}]}{[MbO_{2}]+[Mb]}\quad(6-3)$ + +把方程$(6-1)$改写为$[MbO_2] = [Mb][O_2]/K$并代入方程$(6-2)$得: + +$Y = \frac{[O_2]}{[O_2] + K}$ $\quad(6-4)$ + +根据 henry 定律,溶于液体的任一气体的浓度与液体上面的该气体分压成正比。因此 $\left[O_{2}\right]$ 可用分压 $p(\mathrm{O}_{2})$ 表示,则方程(6-3)可改写为: + +$Y=\frac{p(O_{2})}{p(O_{2})+K}\quad(6-5)$ + +实验中 $p(\mathrm{O}_{2})$ 值可以进行调节和测量,氧分压常用 $torr^{*}$ 作单位;Y 值可用分光光度计法测定,因为肌红蛋白氧合时卟啉环中电子位移引起吸收光谱改变。Y 对 $p(\mathrm{O}_{2})$ 作图所得的曲线称为氧结合曲线或解离曲线。如图 6-6A 所示,肌红蛋白的氧合曲线为一双曲线,它的两条渐近线是 Y=1 和 $p(\mathrm{O}_{2})=-K$。 + +A + + + +B + + + +图 6-6 肌红蛋白的氧结合曲线 + +A. 示出双曲线形氧结合曲线;B. 根据实验数据制作的氧结合曲线,即图 A 中的实线部分 + +• 1 torr = 1 mm Hg 即在 $0^{\circ}$C 和标准重力下 1 mm Hg 柱离所加的压力。torr 是以水银压力计的发明者 Evangelista Torricelli (1608~1647) 命名的,torr 与国际单位制 Pa (帕) 的关系是 $1\mathrm{torr} = 133.3\mathrm{Pa} (\mathrm{N}/\mathrm{m}^{2})$。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00025.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00025.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..db4b636641763421b38bd2ac0f6b1223c6e39c01 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00025.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ + + +图6 10 血红蛋白半分子 +$(\alpha\beta-$二聚体)的侧面观 +示出装配接触(深灰色)和滑动接触(白色) + + + +A. 去氧血红蛋白 + + + +B. 氧合血红蛋白 + +图 6-11 血红蛋白由去氧形式转变为氧合形式时亚基的移动 + +离子的价电子层电子排布变化引起的。去氧血红蛋白中血红素$Fe^{2+}$的6个d电子是以4个不成对电子和1个电子对的形式存在,能容纳5个配体:卟啉环系统的4个N原子和His F8。在此电子排布中,铁原子是顺磁性的,处于高自旋态(high-spin state)。卤自旋$Fe^{2+}$的4个不成对电子占据4个轨道,因此它的原子体积较大,加上His F8和卟啉环系统的氮原子之间的空间排斥以及Fe(Ⅱ)电子和卟啉环π电子之间的静电排斥,迫使铁原子向近侧组氨酸方向突出卟啉环面约0.06 nm,结果血红素基也在同一方向凸起(图6-12)。血红蛋白氧合时,$O_{2}$成为$Fc(\mathrm{II})$的第6个配体,6个d电子重排成3个电子对,原来的4个不成对电子挤在两个轨道,铁原子变成反磁性和低自旋态(low-spin state)。自旋态的变化使得$Fe(\mathrm{II})$离子和His F8之间的键缩短,并变成垂直于血红素平面。此外,卟啉环N原子和$Fe(\mathrm{II})$之间的相互作用被加强。低自旋$Fe^{2+}$的原子体积比去氧时缩小,加之其他空间和静电因素的变化,允许铁原子向卟啉环平面的中央孔穴靠拢约0.039 nm,此时的$Fe^{2+}$处于平面上方仅0.021 nm,血红素基也由圆顶状(凸形)变成平面状(图6-12)。这很像是$O_{2}$分子牵引$Fe^{2+}$接近卟啉平面。这一微小的移动具有很深的生物学后果。当Fe原子移动时,它同时拖动His F8残基,并进而引起螺旋F和弱弯EF和FG的位移。这些移动传递到亚基的界面,在这里引发构象重调,导致维系去氧血红蛋白四级结构的链间盐桥断裂(图6-13)以及$\beta$-亚基之间的空隙变窄,并挤出BPG分子(图6-18)等的变化。 + + + +图 6-12 血红蛋白氧合时铁原子移近血红素平面 + +近侧组氢酸(F8)与铁原子一起被拉动。 +Fe-N键被变成垂直于红素平面 + +## 3. 氧合血红蛋白和去氧血红蛋白代表不同的构象态 + +X射线结构分析表明,血红蛋白存在两种主要构象态:T态和R态。T态即紧张态(tersc state),R态即松弛态(relaxed state)。T态和R态通常用于描述别构蛋白质的两种能互换的构象。虽然$O_{2}$和两种构象态的血红蛋白都能结合,但对R态血红蛋白的亲和力明显高于T态,并且氧的结合更稳定R态。发现当实验性缺氧时T态更加稳定,因此T态是去氧血红蛋白的主要构象。作为T态的去氧血红蛋白有专的氢键和盐桥起着稳定作用,4个亚基的C-末端处于受束缚的状态(图6-13)。$O_{2}$与一个处于T态的血红蛋白亚基结合将引发构象由T态(去氧血红蛋白)转变为R态(氧合血红蛋白),此时稳定T态的那些相互作用被断裂,亚基的C-末端处于几乎完全自由旋转的状态。$\alpha$键和$\beta$键的C-末端的倒数第二位都 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00026.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00026.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d578d35c854ac85ef54cab79bdc15a60e626dbcf --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00026.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +达4. Hb(血红素)是协同性程度的一种量度。$n_H = 1$ 表示单体结合是协调性的,例如肌红蛋白(图 6-7),血红蛋白的游离α和β亚基,$n_H > 1$ 表示结合有正协同性,如Hb。理论上,$n_H$ 可到达它的上限,即 $n_H = n$ 这种情况下,结合物只完全结合或完全不结合,即所谓“全或无”的结合方式,但实际上并不存在,$n_H < 1$ 表示负协同性,但确定了的例子极少。Hb 协同性是第一个 $O_2$ 的解离常数 $K_1$ 与最后一个(第 4 个)$O_2$ 的解离常数 $K_4$ 有很大差别的一种表现。Hill 图中上、下两条渐近线外推至 $\log(Y/(1-Y))=0$ 的轴,分别得到解离常数 $K_4$(约为 0.50 torr)和 $K_1$(约等于 148 torr)。因此 Hb 对第 4 个 $O_2$ 的亲和力约为第 1 个 $O_2$ 的 300 倍。 + +前面 $P_{50}$ 曾被定义为肌红蛋白 50% 被氧饱和时的 $p(\mathrm{O}_{2})$ 。注意,在 50% 饱和度时 $Y=(1-Y)$,则从方程 $(6-12)$ 得: + +$$0\approx n\left[\log p(O_{2})\right]-\log K\approx n\left(\log P_{50}\right)-\log K\tag{6-13}$$ + +因而, + +$ \log K = n (\log P_{S_{0}}) \text{ 或 } K = (P_{S_{0}})^{n} \quad (6-14) $ + +将 $K = (P_{50})^n$ 代入方程(6-11)得: + +$\frac{Y}{1-Y}=\left[\frac{p\left(O_{2}\right)}{P_{50}}\right]^{n}$ +$\quad(6-15)$ + +也即肌红蛋白和血红蛋白的情况不同,对 $HbP_{50}$ 和 $K$ 不相等,因为 $Hb$ 是具有多个的 $O_2$ 结合部位的别构蛋白质。 + +血红蛋白氧合协同性使得它更有效地起着输送氧气的作用。肺泡中的 $p(\mathrm{O}_{2})$ 为 100 torr,工作肌肉的毛细管中 $p(\mathrm{O}_{2})$ 约 20 torr,血红蛋白的 $P_{50}=26$ torr。从图 6-14 可见,在肺泡中 Y 是 0.97,肌肉毛细血管中 Y 是 0.25。释放的氧为两个 Y 值之差,即 $\Delta Y=0.72$。因此,$\Delta Y$ 是血红蛋白输氧效率的指标。协同性将增加 $\Delta Y$ 值。如果设想血红蛋白没有协同性 $(n_{14}=1)$,则其氧结合曲线与肌红蛋白一样,呈双曲线。从图 6-14 的曲线可以看到,肌红蛋白输氧从肺泡 $(100\ \mathrm{torr})$,到肌肉 $(20\ \mathrm{torr})$,虽然 $p(\mathrm{O}_{2})$ 有相当大的改变,但 Y 值变化不大,$\Delta Y$ 不到 0.1,因而到达肌肉后释放出来的 $O_{2}$ 很少。这正如任何一种运输工具一样,不能只考虑装载量大而不顾卸载是否方便,这样运输效率是高不了的。要提高运输效率,就必须设法提高卸载能力。协同效应,就是增加血红蛋白在肌肉中的卸 $O_{2}$ 效率。 + +关于别构蛋白质的作用机制(S形曲线的解释)有MWC模型和KNF模型等,这里不作介绍,参见本书第10章的别构酶部分。 + +## (四)$H^+$、$CO_2$ 和 BPG 对血红蛋白结合氧的影响 + +血红蛋白与$O_{2}$的结合受环境中其他分子的调节,如质子、二氧化碳和代谢物2,3-二磷酸甘油酸(2,3-bisphosphate glycerate, BPG)等。虽然它们在蛋白质分子上的结合部位离血红素基很远,但这些分子极大地影响Hb的氧合性质。这种在空间上相隔的部位之间的相互作用在很多寡聚蛋白质中存在,这就是别构效应(见第5和第10章)。 + +## 1. $H^+$ 和 $CO_2$ 促进 $O_2$ 的释放 (Bohr 效应) + +组织中的代谢作用既产生$H^{+}$,也产生$CO_{2}$。代谢越旺盛的组织,需要的氧越多,产生的$H^{+}$和$CO_{2}$也越多。细胞呼吸的终产物$CO_{2}$在体内被水合为碳酸氢盐: + +$\begin{aligned} CO_2 + H_2O \xrightleftharpoons{碳酸酐酶} &H_2CO_3 \rightleftharpoons H^+ + HCO_3^-\\&碳酸\end{aligned}$ + + +此反应受碳酸酐酶(carbonic anhydrase)催化,该酶在红细胞中特别丰富。$CO_{2}$在水中的溶解度不大,如果不转变为碳酸氢盐,将在组织和血中形成气泡。从上面的方程可以看到,$CO_{2}$水合的结果将增加组织中的$H^{+}$浓度(pH下降)。氧与血红蛋白结合深受pH和$CO_{2}$浓度的影响。去氧血红蛋白对$H^{+}$的亲和力比氧 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00027.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00027.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5627bc11bef2e66c9306205650fcdf56cb4795d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00027.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +其他各种参与免疫反应的细胞中起重要作用。当 $T_c$ 细胞通过其表面上的 T 细胞受体识别与 MHC 蛋白结合的抗原时,$T_c$ 细胞则被激活、增殖并分化成效应细胞。与 $T_H$ 细胞不同,$T_c$ 细胞一般不分泌淋巴因子,但获得毒性活性。$T_c$ 细胞在监视身体的细胞和消灭任何显示不正常抗原的细胞如病毒感染细胞、肿瘤细胞和外来的移植组织细胞方面有重要作用。 + +免疫系统中的每种识别蛋白不论是一个 B 细胞产生的抗体还是一个 T 细胞表面上的受体都是特异地与某一特定的化学结构相结合。人类能产生超过 $10^8$ 种具有不同特异性的抗体。这种非常的多样性使得病毒或入侵细胞表面上的任一化学结构都能被一个或多个抗体所识别并结合。抗体的多样性是由一套免疫球蛋白基因片段经基因重组机拼接(见第 35 章)随机重配而产生。 + +能引起免疫反应的任何分子或病原体称为抗原(antigen)。抗原可以是一种病毒、细菌细胞壁或蛋白质或其他大分子。一个复杂的分子可以被若干个不同的抗体结合。一个单独的抗体或T细胞受体只能结合抗原内的一个特定的分子结构,称为它的抗原决定簇(antigenic determinant)或表位(epitope)。抗原决定簇可以是例如蛋白质分子表面上的氨基残基团或是多糖上的单糖残基。 + +免疫系统对小分子如细胞代谢的中间物或产物不能引起免疫反应。相对分子质量小于5 000的分子一般没有抗原性。然而小分子在实验室中可以共价连接到蛋白质上,这种形式的小分子可以引起免疫反应。这种本身无抗原性,与载体蛋白结合后有了抗原性的物质称为半抗原(hepten),例如咖啡因(其硫酸盐$M_r$668.5)就是一种半抗原。在应答与蛋白质连接的半抗原时产生的抗体能与游离的同一小分子(半抗原)结合。这样的抗体有时被用于开发分析试验或作为催化抗体或抗酶(见第10章)。 + +## (二)免疫系统能识别自我和非我 + +免疫系统必须识别并破坏入侵的病原,但也必须识别而不破坏生物体自身的正常蛋白质和细胞。宿主中蛋白质抗原的检测是由 MHC 蛋白介导的。MHC 蛋白与细胞内被消化的蛋白质的肽片段结合,并将它们展示在细胞的外表面。这些肽正常情况下来自典型的细胞蛋白质的消化,但在病毒感染期间病毒蛋白质也被消化,并由 MHC 蛋白展出。由 MHC 蛋白展出的外来蛋白质的肽段是免疫系统识别为非我的抗原。T 细胞受体与这些片段的结合,导致免疫反应的随后步骤。MHC 蛋白是内在膜蛋白,是一种异二聚体分子,它们分为 MHC-I(第 I 类 MHC)蛋白和 MHC-Ⅱ(第Ⅱ类 MHC)蛋白两类(图 6-25),这两类在被分布的细胞类型和被展示的肽的蛋白质来源都不相同。 + + + +图 6-25 MHC 蛋白分子的图解(示出胞外结构域,跨膜区段和胞浆区段) + +A. MHC-Ⅰ:肽结合部位由α链高变以α₁和α₂两个结构域组成,恒定的α₃结构域和β₂-微球蛋白(灰色球形)具有“免疫球蛋白折叠”如免疫球蛋白Vₗ结构域(图5-18B);B. MHC-Ⅱ:由α链和β链组成,近N末端区为可变区(α₁和β₁),α₂和β₂结构域也具有“免疫球蛋白折叠”结构 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00028.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00028.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..794110ec6f1d463ae48701a6a9e790af088dbd71 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00028.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +## 1. 免疫球蛋白的结构 + +免疫球蛋白 G(IgG) 是血清中最基本的一类抗体,在许多脊椎动物中只有 IgG 类的抗体。IgG 是由 4 条多肽链组成的,两条大的链称为重链或 H 链,两条小的链称为轻链或 L 链。它们通过非共价键和二硫键连接成 M_{150000} 的复合体。IgG 分子的两条重链在一端彼此相互作用,在另一端分别与轻链相互作用,形成 Y 形结构(图 6-29)。每一 IgG 分子含有两个抗原结合部位,它们位于 Y 形结构的两个“臂”的顶端。如果抗原含有多于两个抗原决定簇,那么抗体可以形成引发抗原—抗体的交联晶格而沉淀(图 6-30)。抗体分子(IgG)是二价的而抗原分子可以是多价的,这里讲的价数是指抗原与抗体的结合部位数目。当抗体和抗原在接近等当量(称为等价带)浓度时,将发生最大的交联,产生最大量的免疫沉淀或沉淀素(precipitin)。体外的沉淀反应被广泛地用于研究抗原—抗体反应,并已成为实验免疫学的基础。 + +A + + + +B + + + +图 6-29 免疫球蛋白的结构 + +A. 分子结构图解: B. 三维结构(空间填充模型) + +IgG 分子的 L 链和 H 链的一级结构可根据它们的序列同源性划分为若干区或结构域。每种免疫球蛋白的 L 链都含有可变区或 V 区 (variable domain) 和恒定区或 C 区 (constant domain)。L 链的可变区 ($V_{L}$) 内的氨基酸序列各抗体之间是不同的;恒定区 ($C_{L}$) 内的残基列所有抗体之间几乎是一样的。同样,H + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00029.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00029.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..63357d7620525bfa134ebf1d78a968295999d5f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00029.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +$\smiles{C(=O)C(=O)C(=O)C(=O)C(=O)C(O)}$ +$ \rightleftharpoons \overset{\text{Ba(OH)2}}{} $ + +D-葡萄糖 + +$\smiles{C(O)=CC(=O)C(=O)C(=O)C(O)}$ +$ \leftrightharpoons $ + +1.2-烯醇式葡萄糖 + +$\smiles{C(=O)C(=O)C(=O)C(=O)C(=O)C(O)}$ +$ \leftrightharpoons $ + +D-甘露醇 + +$\smiles{C(O)C(=O)C(=O)C(=O)C(=O)C(O)}$ + + D-果糖 + +图 1-14 单糖在碱催化下的酮-烯醇互变异构 + +在强碱溶液中单糖发生降解以及分子内的氧化和还原反应。 + +## 2. 单糖的氧化 + +(1) 氧化成醛糖酸 醛酮含游离羰基,有很好的还原性。碱性溶液中重金属离子($Cu^{2+}$、$Ag^+$、$Hg^{2+}$ 或 $Bi^{3+}$ 等)如 Fehling 试剂(酒石酸钾钠,氢氧化钠和 $CuSO_4$)或 Benedict 试剂(柠檬酸钠和 $CuSO_4$)中的 $Cu^{2+}$ 是一种弱氧化剂,能使醛氧化(还原剂)的醛氧化成羧酸(aldonic acid),金属离子自身被还原。能使氧化铜还原的糖称还原糖(reducing sugar)。Fehling 的醛酮都是醛酮族;许多酮糖也是还原糖,例如果糖,因为在碱性溶液中酮糖也构形为醛糖(图 1-14)。Fehling 试剂或 Benedict 试剂常用于检验还原糖。试剂中的酒石酸钾钠用柠檬酸钠作络合剂,与 $Cu^{2+}$ 结合以防止形成 $Cu(OH)_2$ 而使 $Cu^{2+}$ 沉淀。1 分子醛糖氧化或酮糖需要 2 分子氢氧化铜的参与,反应如下: + +$\smiles{C(C1C(C(C(CO)O)O)O)O}+2Cu^{2+}+4OH^{-}\rightarrow\ +\smiles{O=C(O)C(O)C(O)CO}+2CuOH+H_2O +$ + +醛糖(蓝色) 醛糖酸 + +$\begin{aligned} &2CuOH \rightarrow H_2O+ &Cu_2O\downarrow\\&(不稳定)&(黄色或红色)\end{aligned}$ + + +Benedict 试剂由于较稳定且不易受其他物质如肌酸和尿酸等的干扰,临床上常被用作尿糖(葡萄糖)的定性与半定量测试。药房出售的某些家用糖尿病自测试剂盒就是应用 Benedict 反应。尿中含有不少于 0.1% 葡萄糖,测试能给出阳性反应(黄红色)。未经治疗的糖尿病患者尿中的葡萄糖可达百分之几。 + +必须指出,Fehling 反应和 Benedict 反应虽然被用作还原糖的检验,但不能给出定量的醛糖酸产物,因为所用的碱性条件会引起糖碳架的断裂和分解。但缓冲的溴水溶液(pH6)能很好地氧化醛糖成为一羧酸,醛糖酸。此反应是醛糖专一的,酮糖则不能被溴氧化。 + +(2) 氧化成醛糖二酸 如果使用较强的氧化剂如热的稀硝酸,醛糖的醛基和伯醇基均被氧化成羧基,形成的二羧酸称醛糖二酸(aldaric acid)或糖二酸(saccharic acid,旧名),例如 $\beta-D-$ 葡萄糖被氧化成 D-葡糖二酸(D-glucaric acid); + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00030.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00030.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65e09f229aa3ea903b73e16b8a907af65c0e03e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00030.md @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +个蛋白质对配体 X 的亲和力更高?(b)将这两个蛋白质的 $K_{d}$ 转换为结合常数 $K_{p}$。[(a)蛋白质 B:(b)蛋白质 A 的 $K_{p}-10^{6}(mol/L)^{-1}$,蛋白质 B 的 $K_{p}-10^{-9}(mol/L)^{-1}$ + +2. 下列变化对肌红蛋白和血红蛋白的 $O_2$ 亲和力有什么影响?(a) 血浆的 pH 从 7.4 降到 7.2;(b) 肺中 $CO_2$ 分压从 45 torr(窒息)降到 15 torr(正常);(c) BPG 水平从 4.5 mmol/L(海平面)增至 7.5 mmol/L(高空)。[对肌红蛋白:(a) 无;(b) 无;(c) 无。对血红蛋白:(a) 降低;(b) 增加;(c) 降低] + +3. 在 $37^{\circ}C$,pH 7.4,$CO_{2}$ 分压 40 torr 和 BPG 正常生理水平 (4.5 mmol/L 血) 条件下,人全血的氧结合测定给出下列数据: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
$p(O_2)$%饱和度(=100×Y)
10.610
19.530
27.450
37.570
50.485
77.396
92.398
+ +(a) 根据这些数据,绘制氧结合曲线:估算在(1)100 torr $p(\mathrm{O}_{2})$ (肺中) 和 (2) 30 torr $p(\mathrm{O}_{2})$ (静脉血中) 下血的氧百分饱和度。 + +(b) 肺中$[100\ torr\ p(O_2)]$结合的氧有百分之多少输送给组织$[30\ torr\ p(O_2)]$? + +(c) 如果在毛细血管中 pH 降到 7.0,利用图 6-17 数据重新估算 (b) 部分。 + +:(a)(1)98%,(2)58%;(b)约40%;(c)约50% + +4. 如果已知 $P_{50}$ 和 $n$,可利用方程(6-15) $\frac{Y}{1-Y} = \left[\frac{p(O_2)}{P_{50}}\right]^n$ 计算 Y (血红蛋白氧分数饱和度)。 + +设 $P_{50}=26\ torr, n=2.8$,计算棒(这里 $p(O_{2})=100\ torr$)中的 $Y_{0}$。这些条件下输氧效率 $(Y_{\text{排}}-Y_{\text{无输氧}}-\Delta Y)$ 是最少?除 n=1.0 外,重复上面计算。比较 n=2.8 和 n=1.0 时的 $\Delta Y$ 值,并说出协同性氧结合对血红蛋白输氧效率的影响。$n=2.8\text{ 时 }Y_{\text{排}}=0.98,\quad Y_{\text{无输氧}}=0.77,\quad \Delta Y-0.21; n=1.0\text{ 时 }Y_{\text{排}}=0.79,\quad Y_{\text{无输氧}}=0.61,\quad \Delta Y=0.18。$ 两个 $\Delta Y$ 之差 0.21-0.18=0.03,似乎差值不大,但在代谢活跃的组织中 $p(O_{2})<40\ torr$,因此潜在输氧效率不低,参照图 6-15。 + +5. 如果不采取措施,贮存相当时间的血,2,3-BPG的含量会下降。如果这样的血用于输血可能产生什么后果?贮存过时的红血球经醇解途径代谢BPG。BPG浓度下降,Hb对O₂的亲和力增加,致使不能给组织供氧。接受这种BPG浓度低的输血,病人可能被窒息。 + +6. Hb A 能抑制 Hb S 形成细长纤维和红细胞在脱氧后的镰刀状化。为什么 Hb A 具有这一效应?去氧 Hb S 含有一个互补部位,因而它能加到去氧 Hb S 纤维上。这样的纤维不能继续延长,因为末端的去氧 Hb S 分子缺少“粘性”区 + +7. 一个单克隆抗体与 G-肌动蛋白结合但不与 F-肌动蛋白结合。这对于抗体识别抗原表位能告诉你什么?[该表位可能是当 G-肌动蛋白聚合成 F-肌动蛋白时被埋藏的那部分结构? + +8. 假设一个 Fab-半抗原复合体的解离常数在 25℃ 和 pH 7 时为 $5 \times 10^{-7}$ mol/L。 + +(a) 结合的标准自由能(25℃和pH 7时)是多少? + +(b) 此 Fab 的亲和力(结合常数)是多少? + +(c) 从该复合体中释放半抗原的速度常数为 $120 \, \text{s}^{-1}$。结合的速度常数是多少? + +此说明在结合半抗原时抗体中的结构变化是大还是小? + + $ |\left(a\right)\Delta G^{\circ}=35.9\ kJ/mol;\left(b\right)\ K_{a}-2\times10^{0}\ mol^{-1}L;\left(c\right)\ 结合速度常数 k=2\times10^{8}\ mol^{-1}s^{-1}L$ ,此值接近于小分子与蛋白质相遇(结合)的扩散控制限制 $ \left(10^{8}\right. $ 至 $ \left.10^{9}\ mol^{-1}s^{-1}L\right) $ + +9. 抗原与抗体的结合方式与血红蛋白的氧结合相似。假设抗原是一价,抗体是 $n$ 价,即抗体分子有 $n$ 个结合部位,且各结合部位的结合常数 $K_a$ 值是相同的,则可证明当游离抗原浓度为 $[L]$ 时,结合到抗体上的抗原浓度 $[L_p]$ 与抗体的总浓度 $[P_t]$ 之比值: + +$\hat{N}=\frac{[L_{P}]}{[P_{T}]}=\frac{nK_{a}[L]}{1+K_{a}[L]}$ + +$\hat{N}$ 实际上表示被一个抗体分子结合的抗原分子平均数。 + +(a) 证明上面的方程可重排为 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00031.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00031.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cccbc00330cd989453389ac08fc1507a9b6ef73e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00031.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +定时,使用的蛋白质溶液很稀,这样所得的 D 与 $D^{\ominus}$ 将很近似。 + +## (四)沉降分析法测定相对分子质量 + +蛋白质分子在溶液中受到强大的离心力作用时,如果蛋白质的密度大于溶液的密度,蛋白质分子就会沉降。沉降的速率与蛋白质分子大小和密度有关,而且与分子形状、溶液的密度和粘度有关。在实验室中研究蛋白质沉降作用,都采用能够产生强大离心场(每分钟转速为$60\ 000\sim80\ 000$ 时,对于质量为1g的物质,位于10 cm处的分子受到的离心场相当于重力加速度g的$400\ 000\sim700\ 000$ 倍)的超速离心机(ultracentrifuge):超速离心机是迄今应用最广泛的一项流体动力学技术,它是分析生物大分子的强有力的工具。 + +利用超速离心机测定蛋白质或其他生物大分子的相对分子质量,常用的有两种方法,一种是沉降速率法(sedimentation velocity),另一种是沉降平衡法(sedimentation equilibrium)。 + +沉降分析不仅可以提供关于蛋白质相对分子质量的数据,而且还可作为鉴定蛋白质分子均一性的一种方法。纯的蛋白质溶液中只含有分子质量和形状相同的蛋白质分子,在离心场作用下,它们都以同一沉降速度移动,因此在蛋白质溶液与溶剂之间有一清晰界面。在沉降分析图谱上呈现一个峰。如果蛋白质样品不纯而含有几种蛋白质时则在沉降分析图谱中就有几个峰出现。 + +## 1. 沉降速率法 + +把蛋白质样品溶液放在离心机内的特制离心池中,在离心场的作用下,蛋白质分子将沿旋转中心向外周方向(径向)移动,并产生沉降界面,界面的移动速度代表蛋白质分子的沉降速率。在界面处由于浓度差造成折射率不同,可借助适当的光学系统,如schlieren光学系统(也称暗线照相光学系统),观察到这种界面的移动。在schlieren光学系统中,利用溶液的折射率梯度$(dn/dx)$和样品的浓度梯度$(dc/dx)$成正比这一特点,巧妙地设计光路,使移动的界面以蜂形曲线呈现在照相图片上,峰顶代表最大的dn/dx或dc/dx,即移动界面。离心机的装置允许在离心机转头(centrifugal rotor)旋转时,对界面的移动进行观察和拍照(图7-2)。 + +在离心场中蛋白质颗粒发生沉降时,它将受到三种力的作用; + +$F_{c}$(离心力) = $m_{\nu}\omega^{2}x$ + +$F_{b}$(浮力)$=V_{p}\rho\omega^{2}x=m_{p}vp\omega^{2}x$ + +$F_{f}(\text{摩擦力}) = fv = f \frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}t}$ + +这里,$m_{p}$ 是分子颗粒的质量(g);$\omega$ 是转头的角速度(rad/s);x 是旋转中心至界面的径向距离(cm);$\omega^{2}x$ 是离心加速度(也称离心场强度或离心场,是单位质量的力);$V_{p}$ 是分子颗粒的体积;$\rho$ 是溶剂的密度($g/cm^{3}$);v 是蛋白质的偏微比容(partial specific volume),偏微比容的定义是:当加入1克干物质于无限大体积的溶剂中时溶液体积的增量;$V_{p}\rho$ 或 $m_{p}\bar{\nu}\rho$ 是被分子颗粒排开的溶剂质量;f 是摩擦系数;v 是沉降速率,即 $\frac{dx}{dt}$。离心力减去浮力为分子颗粒所受到的净离心力: + +$F_{c}-F_{b}=m_{\rho}\omega^{2}x-m_{\rho}\nu\rho\ \omega^{2}x + +=m_{\rho}\omega^{2}x(1-\nu\rho)$ + +式中,$(1-\bar{v}_{p})$ 为浮力因子(buoyancy factor)。当分子颗粒以恒定速度移动时,净离心力与摩擦力(阻力)处于稳态平衡中: + +$F_{c} - F_{b} = F_{f}$ + +即 + +$m_{\mu}\omega^{2}x(1-\bar{\nu}\rho)=f\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}t}$ + +或 + +$\frac{d.r/dt}{\omega^{2}x}=\frac{m_{p}(1-\upsilon p)}{f}$ + +可见单位离心场的沉降速度是个定值。称为沉降系数(sedimentation coefficient)或沉降常数,用$s$(小写) + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00032.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00032.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..94e810aae3c65947c9af758c213048dd26a443e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00032.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +及 pH 和离子强度对泳动度的影响都反应某一特定蛋白质的特性。因此电泳不仅是分离蛋白质混合物和鉴定蛋白质纯度的重要手段,也是研究蛋白质性质很有用的一种物理化学方法。 + +目前电泳的类型很多,但是它们都是在经典的自由电泳或称为移动界面电泳(moving-boundary electrophoresis)的基础上发展起来的。自由电泳首先是由瑞典的Tisellius于1930年设计出来的。此方法先是在U形管内使蛋白质溶液和缓冲液之间形成清晰的界面,然后加一外电场(图7-12)。由于界面处存在浓度梯度因而产生折射率梯度,利用适当的光学系统(见沉降速度法)可以观察到界面的移动。在电泳过程中,每个移动界面(峰)相当于某一特定的蛋白质。根据界面移动的速度和电场强度即可算出某一蛋白质的泳动度。如果某一特定蛋白质在几种不同的pH下测出它的泳动度,可用外推法求出该蛋白质的等电点。界面移动电泳在相当长的时间内曾是定量分析蛋白质混合物组分的有力工具,例如用于研究人血浆的蛋白质成分,得到很有意义的结果。对比正常的和病人的血浆蛋白质的电泳图谱,有助于临床诊断。 + + + +图 7-12 界面移动电泳的图解 + +选择适当pH的缓冲溶液使蛋白质带同种电荷;这里假设蛋白质为负离子 + +区带电泳(zone electrophoresis)由于在支持物上电泳时蛋白质混合物被分隔成若干个区带而得名。区带电泳依其支持物的物理性质不同可以分成4类:①纸电泳和薄膜电泳(如醋酸纤维薄膜电泳和聚酰胺薄膜电泳);②粉末电泳,支持介质是淀粉、纤维素粉或硅胶等,粉末与适当的溶剂调和,铺设成平板;③细丝电泳,如尼龙丝和其他人造丝状物——类属凝胶电泳;④凝胶电泳,最常用的支持介质有聚丙烯酰胺和琼脂糖凝胶,前者适于分离蛋白质和多核苷酸,后者适于分离核酸,这两种凝胶的支持物分辨率都很高,凝胶可以制作成平板或柱子,凝胶电泳装置的图解见7-13。 + +电泳前用缓冲液浸润薄膜或滤纸等支持物或用缓冲液直接配制成凝胶,将待分离的蛋白质样品加在它的一端或中央,支持物的两端与电极连接,通电电泳。电泳完毕,各个组分布在不同的区域,用显色剂(蛋白质可用考马斯亮蓝或氨基黑等染色)显色后可以显示出各个组分。 + +氨基酸混合物特别是寡核苷酸混合物一次电泳往往不能完全分开。这种情况可以将第一次电泳分开的斑点通过支持介质间的接触印迹(blotting)转移到第二个支持介质上,旋转90°,进行第二次电泳。这种方法被称为双向电泳(two-dimensional electrophoresis)。 + +区带电泳具有设备简单,操作方便,样品用量少等优点,它是蛋白质分析分离的常用技术。 + + + +A + + + +B + +图 7 13 水平式(A)和垂直式(B)平板胶电泳图解 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00033.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00033.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9525add091e0563e5ab7ea7b834d042374a91f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00033.md @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +以血红素为辅基的细胞色素 c 氧化酶(EC 1.9.3.1)催化底物脱氢,并氧化生成水。 + +(2) 脱氢酶类 催化直接从底物上脱氢的的反应,即: + +$A\cdot2H+B\rightleftharpoons A+B\cdot2H$ + +这类酶需要辅酶Ⅰ(NAD⁺)或辅酶Ⅱ(NADP⁺)作为氢供体或氢受体起传递氢的作用。例如:乳酸脱氢酶(EC 1.1.1.27)以 NAD⁺ 为辅酶将乳酸氧化成丙酮酸。 + +$\smiles{C[C@H](O)C(=O)O}+NAD^+ \xrightarrow{\text{乳酸脱氢酶}} \smiles{CC(=O)C(=O)O} + +NADH + H^+ +$ + +乳酸 丙酮酸 + +氧化还原酶类由于作用的供体不同,可分18个亚类。 + +## 2. 转移酶类 + +转移酶类(transferases)催化化合物某些基团的转移,即将一种分子上的某一基团转移到另一种分子上的反应。 + +$A\cdot X+B\rightleftharpoons A+BX$ + +如谷丙转氨酶(EC 2.6.1.2)属于转移酶类中的转氨基酶。该酶需要磷酸吡哆醛为辅基,使谷氨酸上的氨基转移到丙酮酸上,使之成为丙氨酸,而谷氨酸成为 $\alpha-$ 酮戊二酸。 + +$\smiles{C(C(C(=O)O)N)C(=O)O} +\smiles{CC(C(=O)O)C=O}\xrightarrow{\text{谷丙转氨酶}} +\smiles{C(C(=O)O)C(=O)C(C(=O)O)C}+\smiles{CC(C(=O)O)N} +$ + +谷氨酸 丙酮酸 $\alpha-$ 酮戊二酸 丙氨酸 + + +这一大类中还有转移碳基、醛或酮基、酰基、糖苷基、磷酸基和含硫基的酶。 + +## 3. 水解酶类 + +水解酶类(hydrolases)催化水解反应,可用下面通式表示: + +$A-B+HOH\rightleftharpoons AOH+BH$ + +水解酶类大都属于胞外酶,在生物体内分布最广,数量也多,包括水解酯键、糖苷键、醚键、肽键、酸酐键及其他C—N键共11个亚类,常见的有蛋白酶、淀粉酶、核酸酶和脂肪酶等。 + +例如磷酸二酯酶(EC 3.1.4.1)催化磷酸酯键水解。 + +$\smiles{O=P(O)(O)C1CC1O-P(O)(O)} R+H_2O \xrightarrow{\text{磷酸二酯酶}} +ROH + R\smiles{O=P(O)(O)C1CC1O} +$ + +磷酸二酯 醇 磷酸单酯 + +## 4. 裂合酶类 + +裂合酶类(lyases)催化从底物移去一个基团而形成双键的反应或其逆反应,用下式表示: + +$A \cdot B \longleftrightarrow A + B$ + +这类酶包括最常见的C—C、C—O、C—N、C—S裂解酶亚类。例如醛缩酶(EC 4.1.2.7)可催化果糖-1,6-二磷酸成为磷酸二羟丙酮及甘油醛-3-磷酸,是糖代谢过程中的一个关键酶。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00034.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00034.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d750a410094d2f5dde055901ec1a1305e95703f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00034.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +## 七、抗体酶 + +抗体酶(sbyyme)是20世纪80年代后期才出现的一种具有催化能力的蛋白质,其本质上是免疫球蛋白,但是在易变区被赋予了酶的属性,所以又称为“催化性抗体”(catalytic antibody)。抗体酶是生物学与化学的研究成果在分子水平上交叉渗透的产物,是将抗体的多样性和酶分子的巨大催化能力结合在一起的蛋白质分子设计的新方法。人们早就注意到,酶与抗体这两种蛋白质之间尽管功能不同,但存在着惊人的相似之处,尤其是它们在与各自的配基特异的结合过程中,遵守同样的方式并表现出相似的动力学行为。人们不禁要问:抗体分子极其多样的结合专一性能被用来产生新的酶吗?催化作用的实质是专一结合的相互作用形成过渡态,因此,用过渡态的类似物作为半抗原(hapten)免疫动物将有可能产生有催化活性的抗体。这一设想已得到证实。 + +1986 年 Schultz 与 Lerner 两个实验室同时在美国《科学》杂志发表论文, 报道他们成功地制备了具有酶催化活性的抗体。这标志着抗体酶的研究进入了一个新阶段。Schultz 等人认为对硝基苯磷酸胆碱酯(PNPPC)作为相应酸二酯水解反应的过渡态类似物(图 8-14), 推测用这一类似物作为半抗原诱导产生的单克隆抗体可能对磷酸二酯的水解反应有催化活性。通过对单克隆抗体的筛选, 找到一株 MOPC167 单抗, 可使水解反应速率加快 $1.2 \times 10^{4}$倍, $K_{\mathrm{m}}$ 值为 $208 \mu \mathrm{mol} / \mathrm{L}, k_{\text {cat }}$ 值为 $6.7 \times 10^{-1} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}$。其 $k_{\text {cat }} / K_{\mathrm{m}}$ 是 $32.2 \mathrm{~L} \cdot \mathrm{mol}^{-1} \cdot \mathrm{s}^{-1}$ 。以后又筛选到另一株抗体酶 T15,可以使反应加快 $9.2 \times 10^5$ 倍。证明该催化反应的动力学行为满足米氏方程,具有底物特异性及 pH 依赖性等酶反应的特征。随后还初步确定了参与催化反应的氨基酸残基。同时证实,该抗体酶具有抗原结合位点的 F$_{ab}$ 段单独具有全酶一样的催化效率。 + + + +图 8-14 酯酶的底物、过渡态及过渡态类似物的结构 + + + +Lerner 等人,从金属肽酶的研究成果中得到启发,合成了一个含有吡啶甲酸的磷酸酯类似物为半抗原诱导产生一个单抗 6D4,用来催化不含吡啶甲酸的相应羧酸酯化合物的水解反应,使反应加速近 $10^{3}$ 倍,并表现出底物专一性和对介质 pH 的依赖性等。相关结构如下: + +$\smiles {CC(C(=O)N)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)N2C=CC=C2}$ + +$\smiles {CC(C(=O)N)C1=CC=CC=C1C(*)N2C=CC=C2}$ + +$\smiles {CC(C(=O)N)C1=CC=CC=C1P(=O)(=O)N2C=CC=C2}$ + +$\smiles{O=C(O)CCCCC(=O)N} +$ + +酯1 + +$\smiles{O=C(O)C(CNCC(=O)O)CCCC(=O)N} +$ + +酯2 + +酯 1 和酯 2 用于免疫动物产生的单克隆抗体可以催化碳酸酯的水解反应。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00035.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00035.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c1b989f7718520b8bf5c5f8ded6637c565abfc27 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00035.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +(1)ES复合物已被电子显微镜和X射线晶体结构分析直接观察到。如在电子显微镜下可观察到DNA聚合酶Ⅰ可结合到它合成的DNA模板上。用X射线晶体结构分析,研究了羧肽酶A和它的底物Gly-L-Tyr的相互作用及其作用位置(见第10章)。 + +(2)许多酶和底物的光谱特性在形成 ES 复合物后发生变化。例如色氨酸合成酶为一组菌酶,含有一个磷酸吡哆醛辅基,该酶催化 L-Ser 和吲哚合成 Trp,加 L-Ser 到酶中磷酸吡哆醛的荧光显著增加,随后加吲哚使荧光猝灭到低于单独酶的水平(图 9-7),因此荧光光谱揭示了酶-Ser 和酶-Ser-吲哚复合物的存在。其他光谱学方法,如核磁和顺磁共振,因二色谱也能对 ES 的形成提供信息。 + +(3) 酶的物理性质,如溶解度或热稳定性,经常在形成 ES 复合物后发生变化。 + +(4)已分离得到某些酶与底物相互作用生成的ES复合物,如已得到乙酰化胰凝乳蛋白酶及D-氨基酸氧化酶和底物复合物的结晶。 + +(5) 超离心沉降过程中,可观察到酶和底物共沉降现象。平衡透析时观察到底物浓度在半透膜内外不同等。 + +## (二)酶促反应的动力学方程式 + +## 1. 米氏方程式的推导 + +1913年 Michaelis 和 Menten 在前人工作的基础上,根据酶反应的中间复合物学说: + +$E + S \xrightleftharpoons{k_{5}} ES \xrightarrow{k} E + P \quad (9-10)$ + +假定 $E + S \rightleftharpoons ES$ 迅速建立平衡,底物浓度远远大于酶浓度下,ES 分解成产物的逆反应忽略不计,以“快速平衡法”,推导出一个数学方程式,表示了底物浓度与酶反应速率之间的定量关系,通常称为米氏方程。 + +$v=\frac{V_{\max}\cdot[S]}{K_{s}+[S]}\quad(9-11)$ + +式中 $v$ 为反应速率,$V_{\max}$ 为酶完全被底物饱和时的最大反应速率,$[S]$ 为底物浓度,$K_s$ 为 ES 的解离常数(底物常数)。 + +1925 年 Briggs 和 Haldane 提出了稳态(steady state)理论,对米氏方程做了一项很重要的修正,酶促反应分两步进行: + +第一步:酶与底物作用,形成酶-底物复合物: + +$E + S \underset{k_{2}}{\overset{k_{1}}{\rightleftharpoons}} ES \quad (9-12)$ + +第二步:ES复合物分解形成产物,释放出游离酶; + +$\mathrm{FS} \underset{k_{4}}{\overset{k_{3}}{\rightleftharpoons}} \mathrm{P}+\mathrm{E}$ +(9 - 13) + +这两步反应都是可逆的。它们的正反应与逆反应的速率常数分别为 $k_1, k_2, k_3, k_4$。 + +由于酶促反应的速率与ES的形成与分解直接相关,所以必须考虑ES的形成速率和分解速率。Briggs和Haldane的发展就在于指出ES量不仅与式(9-12)平衡有关,而且还与式(9-13)平衡有关,用稳态代替了平衡态。 + +所谓稳态是指反应进行一段时间后,系统的复合物ES浓度,由零逐渐增加到一定数值,在一定时间内,尽管底物浓度和产物浓度不断地变化,复合物ES也在不断地生成和分解,但是当反应系统中ES的生成速率和ES的分解速率相等时,络合物ES浓度保持不变的这种反应状态称为稳态,即: + +$\frac{d[ES]}{dt}=0$ + +图 9—8 表示实验所得各种浓度对时间的曲线,表示了底物浓度降低,产物形成及 ES 稳态过程。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00036.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00036.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27ce8f300044ef6c63167007158f96bf8770eecf --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00036.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +分相似,能选择性地抑制病菌或癌细胞在代谢过程中的某些酶,而具有抗菌和抗癌作用。这类抑制剂可称为抗代谢物或代谢类似物。例如 5’ - 氟尿嘧啶是一种抗肿瘤药物,它的结构与尿嘧啶十分相似,能抑制胸腺嘧啶合成酶的活性,阻碍胸腺嘧啶的合成,使体内核苷酸不能正常合成,使癌细胞的增殖受阻,起到抗癌作用。磺胺药,以对氨基苯磺酰胺为例,它的结构与对氨基苯甲酸十分相似,是对氨基苯甲酸的竞争性抑制剂。对氨基苯甲酸是叶酸结构的一部分,叶酸与二氢叶酸则是核酸的嘌呤核苷酸合成中的重要辅酶——四氢叶酸的前身,如果缺少四氢叶酸,细菌生长繁殖便会受到影响。 + +$\smiles{Nc1ccc(cc1)C(=O)O}$ + +对氨基苯甲酸 + +$\smiles{Nc1ccc(cc1)S(=O)(=O)O}$ + +对氨基苯磺酰胺 + +$\smiles{c1ncnc2ncnc12} +\smiles{Nc1ccc(cc1)C(=O)O} +\smiles{N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O} +$ + +嘌呤 对氨基苯甲酸 谷氨酸 + +叶酸 + +人体能直接利用食物中的叶酸,某些细菌则不能直接利用外源的叶酸,只能在二氢叶酸合成酶的作用下,利用对氨基苯甲酸为原料合成二氢叶酸。而磺胺药物可与对氨基苯甲酸相互竞争,抑制二氢叶酸合成酶的活性,影响二氢叶酸的合成,导致细菌的生长繁殖受抑制,从而达到治病的效果。 + +利用竞争性抑制的原理用来设计药物,如抗癌药物阿拉伯糖胞苷、氨基叶酸等都是利用这一原理而设计出来的。 + +过渡态底物类似物可作为竞争性抑制剂,所谓过渡态(transition state)底物是指底物和酶结合成中间复合物后被活化的过渡形式,由于能障小,和酶结合就紧密得多,这是酶具有高度催化效力的原因之一。可以设想,如抑制剂的化学结构能类似过渡态底物,则其对酶的亲和力就会远大于底物,可达到$10^{2}\sim10^{6}$倍,从而引起酶的强烈抑制。由于酶作用机制研究的进展,目前已报道了各种酶反应的几百种过渡态底物类似物,它们都属于竞争性抑制剂,其抑制效率比其基态底物类似物高的多。 + +例如嘌呤腺苷水合形式是小牛肠腺苷脱氨酶(adenosine deaminase)反应过渡态的类似物,是该酶强的抑制剂,$K_{i}=3\times10^{-13}$mol/L(图9-27A)。酵母醛缩酶(aldolase)反应的过渡态类似物比对底物的结合能力大4万倍(图9-27B)。 + +再如,催化 $ATP + AMP \rightarrow 2ADP$ 的腺苷酸激酶 (adenylate kinase),经研究腺苷五磷酸 ($AP_5A$) 是底物过渡态类似物,对该酶有强烈地抑制作用。又如乳酸脱氢酶 (lactate dehydrogenase)、草酰乙酸脱羧酶 (oxaloacetic decarboxylase)、丙酮酸羧化酶 (pyruvate carboxylase) 在催化各自底物(分别为乳酸、草酰乙酸、丙酮酸)变成产物的过程中,烯醇式丙酮酸是共有的过渡态,而草酸是烯醇式丙酮酸的类似物,故对 3 种酶都有强烈的抑制作用。$K_i$ 约为 $3.5 \times 10^{-6} - 1.1 \times 10^{-5}$ mol/L,和相应的底物有竞争作用。 + +$\smiles{C=C(O)C(=O)O}$ + +烯醇式丙酮酸 + +$\smiles{O=C(O)C(=O)O}$ + +草酸 + +过渡态底物类似物抑制剂的研究,具有很大的理论和实践意义,不但有利于对酶催化机制的了解,还可据此合成具有高效而特异的新药物。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00037.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00037.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5dbf9133c2aa33a3c1b129e742a7f11202990711 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00037.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +用枯草杆菌蛋白酶(subtilisin)限制性水解RNase,在20和21(Ala-Ser)氨基酸残基之间断裂,得到S肽(20肽)和S蛋白(104肽),在变性溶剂中用层析法分离,所得产物在除去变性剂后仍无活性。若在中性pH下将2个肽段共同保温,则S肽和S蛋白依靠次级键结合,可恢复全部活性,叫做RNase S。具有S肽氨基末端的13个残基的合成肽和S蛋白合并时,发现能恢复70%的活性,说明氨基酸残基14-20对催化并非必需。但是若缺少His$_{12}$和Met$_{13}$只含有11个残基的肽,则不能恢复活性。 + + + +图 10-19 牛胰核糖核酸酶的氨基酸顺序 + +核糖核酸酶是第一个从氨基酸完全合成的酶,最终产物与天然核糖核酸酶在酶学性质上毫无区别。4个二硫键在图中以高棒表示,在活性部位中有3个重要的残基 $His_{12}$、$His_{19}$ 和 $Lys_{41}$。参与底物与活性部位结合的其他基团有 $Thr_{43}$、$Val_{43}$ 和 $Php_{129}$。 + +用化学修饰法研究 RNase A 活性的必需氨基酸残基。在 pH5.5 下,用等摩尔碘乙酸处理 RNase A,羧甲基化的 His₁₁₉ 是主要产物,而羧甲基化的 His₁₂ 产物较少(图 10-20)。RNase A 中其他组氨酸对这个试剂的反应性弱得多。所得 RNase A 的两个羧甲基化的衍生物均无活性,因此可以推测 His₁₁₉ 和 His₁₂ 为酶活性的必需基团。 + +$\smiles{[O-]C(=O)CN1C=NC=C1CC(NC=O)C=O}$ + +1-CM Hisus + +$\smiles{[O-]C(=O)CN1C=NC(CC(C=O)NC=O)=C1}$ + +3-CM Hisg: + +图 10·20 当 RNase A 以等摩尔量的碘乙酸处理时,得到 2 个主要产物 His₁₁₉ 和 His₁₂ 的羧甲基化衍生物 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00038.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00038.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8113aa3512c00f2f9d28087b7025cab164988bb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00038.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +$\smiles{[O-]C(=O)CN1C=NC(CC(C=O)NC=O)=C1} + H2O + \xrightarrow{\text{羧肽酶A}} +\smiles{NC(*)C(=O)[O-]} + +\smiles{NC(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)[O-]}$ + +图 10-25 按肽酶 A 催化的反应 + +活性很重要,$Zn^{2+}$ 位于分子表面附近的一个裂缝中。$Zn^{2+}$ 同 $His_{69}$、$His_{196}$ 和 $Glu_{72}$ 的两个羧基氧配位,$Zn^{2+}$ 在无底物时为 5 个配位价,而且第五个配体是一个水分子(图 10-27)。当与底物结合时,被裂解的肽键羰基氧与 $Zn^{2+}$ 形成第六个配位。$Zn^{2+}$ 附近的口袋正好容纳底物羧基末端的侧链。对底物结合重要的残基包括 $Arg_{71}$、$Arg_{127}$、$Asn_{124}$、$Arg_{145}$、$Tyr_{248}$ 和 $Glu_{270}$。 + + + +图 10−26 羧肽 A 的三维结构 +只示出 $\alpha$ 碳原子和锌离子(中心附近黑色的圆) + + + +图 10-27 锌离子在羧肽酶 A 的活性部位上与两个组氨酸侧链和一个谷氨酸侧链相配位 +与锌配位的一个水分子没有示出 + +羧肽酶对 L-氨基酸构成的肽专一,并且存在第二个肽键是重要的。二肽是相当弱的底物,但具有一个 N-乙酰基的二肽以正常速率水解。像丝氨酸蛋白酶,羧肽酶具有酯酶活性,特别是假若 C 端侧链为芳香基和 C 端残基是 L 构型。羧肽酶催化速率是相当慢的酶,水解肽底物 $k_{cat}$ 大约为 $10^2 s^{-1}$,水解酯的最大速率约 $10^3 s^{-1}$。 + + + +图 10 28 甘氨酰酪氨酸在羧肽酶 A 活性部位上的三维结构 + +底物甘氨酰酪氨酸以斜线球示出 + +底物与羧肽酶 A 的结合方式已从甘氨酰酪氨酸与酶结合复合物的 X 射线晶体结构分析得到(图 10-28)。甘氨酰酪氨酸是一个水解缓慢的底物,同酶的相互作用存在以下一些重要的方面(图 10-29): + +(1) 二肽的 Tyr 侧链进入酶的疏水口袋,该口袋适合于芳香侧链和大的脂肪族侧链,这就解释了该酶选择的底物要有大的疏水侧链。 + +(2) 活性部位的 Zn 直接同断裂肽键羰基氧配位,该底物有效的置换预先占据该位置的水分子。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00039.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00039.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dfd67dab6aa984db933c5d39e9101c759460088f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00039.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +协调的质子转移促进了水对肽底物羰基碳的亲核攻击,形成酰胺二水合物。此步过渡态包括2个质子的转移——一个天冬氨酸作为广义酸提供一个质子给释放的氨基酸,而另一个天冬氨酸作为广义碱从羟基之一吸取一个质子,促进二水合物破坏形成一个羧基,底物被水解。 + +## 五、酶活性的调节控制 + +酶活性是受各种因素调节控制的,在第8章中曾做过初步介绍。下面主要讨论酶活性调节的其他方式。 + +## (一)别构调控(allosteric regulation) + +酶分子的非催化部位与某些化合物可逆地非共价结合后发生构象的改变,进而改变酶活性状态,称为酶的别构调节(allosteric regulation)。具有这种调节作用的酶称为别构酶(allosteric enzyme)。凡能使酶分子发生别构作用的物质称为效应物(effector)或别构剂,通常为小分子代谢物或辅因子。如因别构导致酶活性增加的物质称为正效应物(positive effector)或别构激活剂,反之称为负效应物(negative effector)或别构抑制剂。 + +别构调节普遍存在于生物界,许多代谢途径的关键酶利用别构调节来控制代谢途径之间的平衡。基因表达不论是调节蛋白(为 Lac 阻遏物,araC 蛋白)对转录水平的控制,还是转录后的加工(如:rRNA 的修饰成熟),或者是偶联的转录-翻译衰减机制的控制都直接或间接地与别构调节相关。因此研究别构调控有重要的生物学意义。 + +## 1. 天冬氨酸转氨甲酰酶(aspartate transcarbamylase ATCase) + +(1) 嘧啶途径的终产物反馈抑制 ATCase ATCase 是嘧啶核苷酸(CTP)生物合成多酶体系反应序列中的第一个酶。其正常底物为天冬氨酸及氨甲酰磷酸,ATCase 所催化的反应如下: + +$\smiles{NC(=O)OP(=O)[O-][O-]} + \smiles{NC(CC(=O))C(=O)O}$ + +$\xrightarrow{\text{Za2+}} Pi + \smiles{NC(=O)NC(CC(=O))C(=O)[O-]} + \rightarrow +\smiles{CC1(C)C(C(=O)O)N(N)C(=O)NC1=O}$ + +$\smiles{NC1=NC(=O)N(C=C1)[C@H]2O[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OP(=O)([O-])OP(=O)([O-])[O-])[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O}$ + +Gerhart 和 Pardee 发现了 ATCase 被该生物合成途径的终产物 CTP 反馈抑制,而且,他们发现 N-氨甲酰磷酸和天冬氨酸的结合是协同的,反映到反应速率对底物浓度的 S 曲线中(图 10-46)。协同结合使底物浓度只在一个很窄的范围内开启 N-氨甲酰天冬氨酸的合成。底物分子本身对别构酶的调节作用称为同促效应(homotropic effect)。CTP 在不影响酶的 $V_{max}$ 的情况下,通过降低酶与底物的亲和性来抑制 ATCase。抑制程度可达到 90%,具体情况视底物浓度而定。ATP 则相反,它是 ATCase 的激活剂,可增强酶与底物的亲和性,也不影响 $V_{max}$。ATP 与 CTP 相互竞争调节部位,高水平的 ATP 可阻止 CTP 对酶的抑制作用。这种非底物分子的调节物对别构酶的调节作用,称为异促效应(heterotropic effect)。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00040.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00040.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..477afdd17fb50e68701c8bea0af7b25cb471d832 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00040.md @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +$\smiles{CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO[C@@]1(O)C(=O)[O-]}$ +$ \rightarrow $ +$\smiles{CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@](O)(O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO)C(=O)[O-]}$ + +$\alpha$-D-N-乙酰神经氨酸的结构 + +为方便书写复杂赛糖和多糖的结构,将使用缩写符号来代表构件单糖及其衍生物。一些最重要的单糖及其衍生物的缩写列于表1-4。 + +表 1-4 某些常见单糖残基的缩写 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
单糖单糖衍生物
阿拉佰糖Ara葡糖酸CKA
果糖Fru葡糖酸GleUA
岩藻糖Fue半乳糖胺GaN
牛乳糖Gal葡糖胺GlN
葡萄艳GleN -乙酰半乳糖胺GalNAe
米苏糖LyxN -乙酰葡粉胺GleNAe
甘露糖Man胞壁酸Mur
氯李糖RhaN -乙酰胞壁酸MurNA:
核糖RibN -乙酰神经氨酸NeuNAe
本糖Xyl(唾液酸Sin)
+ +## (七) 糖苷 + +这里介绍的糖苷是那些糖苷配基为酚类、甾醇或含氮碱等的单糖或寡糖衍生物。这类糖苷大多都有苦味或特殊香气,不少还是剧毒的物质,但微量时可作药用。 + +(1)苦杏仁苷(amygdarin)含千许多磷酸科植物(如苦扁桃、杏、李、花椒等)的果核中,尤以苦扁桃(苦杏仁)中含量为多。苦杏仁苷的糖基是龙胆二糖残基,配基是由氰氢酸残基和苯甲醛残基组成的。配苯供β-糖苷键与糖基相连接: + +$\smiles{N#C[C@H](OC1O[C@H](CO[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)c3ccccc3}$ diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00041.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00041.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..40a8626a57f17ca815d59dccf0d6f127c89f6122 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00041.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +图11-31 详细介绍了—碳单位进入THF和各种氧化态互变的全部酶促反应。N⁵—甲基四氢叶酸能直接氧化成N⁵,N¹⁰—亚甲基四氢叶酸,再进一步氧化成N⁵,N¹⁰—次甲基四氢叶酸。由N⁵,N¹⁰—次甲基四氢叶酸形成N⁵,N¹⁰—亚胺基甲基、N⁵—甲酰基和N¹⁰—甲酰基四氢叶酸(所有这些在同一氧化态上),或者能透过由四氢叶酸本身一碳加成反应形成。—碳单位并入四氢叶酸的主要途径是甘氨酸羟甲基转移酶(serine hydroxymethyltransferase)反应,转换丝氨酸成甘氨酸和形成N⁵,N¹⁰—亚甲基四氢叶酸。甘氨酸、组氨酸和甲酸是—碳单位的来源,如图11-31所示。 + +对于甲硫氨酸,嘌呤类和胸腺嘧啶的生物合成途径依赖于由四氢叶酸衍生物并入一碳单位(图11-32)。甲硫氨酸的甲基是在依赖维生素$B_{12}$的反应中(见上)从$N^{5}$-甲基四氢叶酸得到的。胸苷酸合成酶(thymidylate synthase)的反应中在脱氧尿苷-磷酸(dUMP)的C-5位置上引入一个甲基而形成dTMP。$N^{10}$-甲酰基四氢叶酸和$N^{5}$,$N^{10}$-亚甲基四氢叶酸是转甲酰酶(transformylase)反应的甲酰基供体。标出的嘌呤环的二个碳原子是来自$N^{10}$-甲酰基四氢叶酸(图11-32)。 + +$\smiles{CN1C2=C(NC(=O)C(N)=N2)NC[C@@H]1CNC([R])=N}\rightarrow\smiles{CSCC[C@H]([NH3+])C(=O)[O-]}$ + +$\smiles{NC1=NC2=C(NC(=O)1)N3CNC(CN3C2)CNC([R])=N}\rightarrow\smiles{CC1=CN(C(=O)NC1=O)[C@H]2C[C@@H](O)[C@H](COP(=O)(O)O)O2}$ + +$\smiles{NC1=NC2=C(NC(=O)N1)NCC(CNC([R])N(C=O)[H+])N2}\rightarrow\smiles{O=CNC(CCSC)C(=O)*}$ + + +$\smiles{NC1=NC2=C(NC(=O)N1)NCC(CNC([R])N(C=O)[H])N2}\rightarrow\smiles{O=C1NC=NC2=C1N=CN2[C@H]3O[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])[O-])[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O}$ + +图 11-32 被 THF 形式催化的某些典型的一碳转移反应 + +能使叶酸、二氢叶酸和四氢叶酸相互转换的二氢叶酸还原酶近几年受到很大的注意,因为它显然是几种抗肿瘤药物,包括氨甲蝶呤(amethopterin或methotrexate)和氨基蝶呤的作用部位(图11-33)。这些分子是二氢叶酸还原酶有力的抑制剂。因为细胞生长需要一碳单位THF化合物合成嘌呤和胸腺嘧啶,氨甲蝶呤及其类似物是肿瘤生长的有效阻断物。这些药物对正常细胞也有毒性,氨甲蝶呤也仅能用于短期治疗。 + +由于叶酸与核酸的合成有关,当叶酸缺乏时,DNA合成受到抑制,骨髓巨红细胞中DNA合成减少,细胞分裂速度降低,细胞体积较大,细胞核内染色质疏松,称巨红细胞,这种红细胞大部分在骨髓内成熟前就 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00042.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00042.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1a5efc53d3b60075edfe1cfabf6fa4e2efb061d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00042.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +母、线虫、果蝇、拟南芥菜、玉米、水稻和人类的基因组。病毒基因组较小,但十分紧凑,有些基因是重叠的(overlapping):细菌的基因是连续的,无内含子,功能相关的基因组成操纵子,有共同的调节和控制序列,调控序列所占比例较小,很少重复序列。真核生物的基因是断裂的,有内含子,功能相关的基因不组成操纵子,调控序列所占比例大,有大量重复序列。重复序列可分为低拷贝重复、中等程度重复和高度重复;回文结构即反向重复,越是高等的真核生物其调控序列和重复序列的比例越大。 + +A $\smiles{O=P(O)(O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](n2cnc3c(N)ncnc32)C[C@@H]1OP(=O)(O)OC[C@H]4O[C@H](n5ccc(N)nc5=O)C[C@@H]4OP(=O)(O)OC[C@H]6O[C@H](n7cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c7=O)C[C@@H]6OP(=O)(O)OC[C@H]8O[C@H](n9cnc1c9nc(N)[nH]c1=O)C[C@@H]8O}$ + +B + +C + + +图 13−2 DNA 中多核苷酸链的一个小片段及缩写符号 + +A. DNA中多核苷酸链的一个小片段; + +B. 为竖线式缩写;C. 为文字式缩写 + +人类基因组的大小为3.2 Gb(gigabascs,$10^{9}$ bp),其中2.95 Gb为常染色质(染色较弱,富含基因)。真正用于编码蛋白质的序列仅占基因组的1.1%到1.4%;这就是说只有28%的序列能转录成RNA,其中5%是编码蛋白质的序列。基因组中超过一半是各种类型的重复序列,其中45%为各种寄生的DNA(包括转座子和逆转座子等),3%为少数碱基的高度重复序列,5%为近期进化中倍增的DNA片段。编码蛋白质的基因大约为31 000个。与人类基因组相比,酵母细胞的编码基因为6 000,果蝇为13 000,蠕虫18 000,而植物为26 000。 + +## (三) RNA 的一级结构 + +RNA也是无分支的线形多聚核糖核苷酸,主要由4种核糖核苷酸组成,即腺嘌呤核糖核苷酸,鸟嘌呤核糖核苷酸,胞嘧啶核糖核苷酸和尿嘧啶核糖核苷酸。这些核苷酸中的戊糖不是脱氧核糖,而是核糖。RNA分子中也还有某些稀有碱基。图13-3为RNA分子中的一小段,以示RNA之结构。 + +组成 RNA 的核苷酸也是以 $3^{\prime}, 5^{\prime}-$ 磷酸二酯键彼此连接起来的。尽管 RNA 分子中核糖环 $C_{2}^{\prime}$ 上有一羟基,但并不形成 $2^{\prime}, 5^{\prime}-$ 磷酸二酯键。用牛腓磷酸二酯酶降解天然 RNA 时,降解产物中只有 $3^{\prime}-$ 核苷酸,并无 $2^{\prime}-$ 核苷酸,就支持了上述结论。 + +RNA 的种类甚多,结构各不一样。酵母丙氨酸 tRNA 是第一个被测定核苷酸序列的 RNA,由 76 个核苷酸组成。tRNA 通常由 73 至 93 个核苷酸组成,相对分子质量都在 25 000 左右,沉降常数为 4 S。它含有较多稀有碱基,可达碱基总数的 10%~15%,因而增加了识别和疏水作用。3' 端皆为 CpCpAOH;5' 端多数为 pG,也有为 pC 的。tRNA 的一级结构中有一些保守序列,与其特殊的结构与功能有关。 + +细菌的 rRNA 有 5 S、16 S 和 23 S 三种,它们都是由 30 S rRNA 前体(pre-rRNA)切割而来。哺乳动物的 rRNA 有 5 S、5.8 S、18 S 和 28 S 四种,5 S rRNA 单独合成,18 S、5.8 S、28 S rRNA 由 45 S rRNA 前体切割而来。5 S rRNA 由 120 个核苷酸组成,无磷有碱基,可与 tRNA、大亚基的 rRNA 和蛋白质相识别和作用。5.8 S rRNA 由 160 个核苷酸组成,含有修饰核苷,如银尿嘧啶核苷(ψ)和核糖被甲基化的核苷(Gm、Um),它与细菌 5 S rRNA 有共同序列,表明它可能起着细菌 5 S rRNA 某些相似的功能。细菌的 16 S 和 23 S rRNA 分别有 10 个和 20 个甲基化核苷。真核生物 18 S 和 28 S rRNA 分别有 43 和 74 个甲基化核苷。此外,还有不少假尿嘧啶核苷和修饰的假尿嘧啶核苷。与 tRNA 不同,rRNA 的甲基化较多发生在核糖上,而且真核生物 rRNA 的修饰核苷比原核生物要多。rRNA 除作为核糖体的骨架外,还分别与 mRNA 和 tRNA 作用,催化肽键的形成,促使蛋白质合成的正确进行。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00043.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00043.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2feeb0fa2e5acdb5f8e50492212bbf33aa65ee17 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00043.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +表 13−9 细菌和哺乳动物核糖体的组成 +表 13-9 细菌和哺乳动物核糖体的组成
核糖体大小亚基rRNA蛋白质
细菌70 S$M_{\rm r} 2.7 \times 10^6$RNA 含量 66%蛋白质含量 34%30 S$M_{\rm r} 0.9 \times 10^6$16 S rRNA (1 540 nt)21
50 S$M_{\rm r} 1.8 \times 10^6$5 S rRNA (120 nt)23 S rRNA (3 200 nt)33
哺乳动物80 S$M_{\rm r} 4.2 \times 10^6$RNA 含量 60%蛋白质含量 40%40 S$M_{\rm r} 1.4 \times 10^6$18 S rRNA (1 900 nt)33
60 S$M_{\rm r} 2.8 \times 10^6$5 S rRNA (120 nt)5.8 S rRNA (160 nt)28 S rRNA (4 700 nt)49
+ +2000 年对核糖体晶体学研究取得划时代意义的成果,几个实验室分别解析了核糖体大亚基和小亚基高分辨率的结构。在核糖体中含有超过 4 500 个核苷酸的 rRNA 以及数十种蛋白质分子,如此复杂的复合物能够在原子水平上揭示其结构,这充分代表了当今科学达到的水平。这一成果不仅有助于阐明核糖体的作用机制,而且也揭示了 RNA-RNA 与 RNA-蛋白质相互作用的规律。图 13-20 所示为大肠杆菌 16 S rRNA 和 5 S rRNA 的二级结构。 + + + +图 13-20 16S 和 5S:RNA 的结构 + + + +图 13-21 类型Ⅰ自我剪接内含子的二级结构 + +P 表示碱基配对片段;j 表示连接区。 + +中间方量是集化的核心部位 + +## (三)其他 RNA 的高级结构 + +游离的 mRNA 可以产生高级结构,但在核糖体上翻译时必须解开。mRNA 产生高级结构的倾向将影响其翻译效率。 + +核酸(ribozyme)的催化功能与其空间结构密切相关。除rRNA外,迄今已知有8种核酸的结构: + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00044.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00044.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..98938c1c69aa0fb52d1f6e831e7628a0fad94339 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00044.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +类均易溶于水,但不溶于有机溶剂如醇,醚,氯仿等,链霉素的盐类十分稳定,固体干燥状态可长期保存。 + +链霉素主要抑制革兰氏阴性细菌,特别是结核分枝杆菌。链霉素是临床上治疗各种结核病的最有效药物之一。此外,对膀胱炎、败血症等亦有良好的医疗效果。 + +## (三)氨基环醇类抗生素 + +氨基环醇类抗生素是一类在分子中含有一个环己醇型配基,以糖苷键与氨基糖(或中性糖)相结合的化合物,曾称氨基糖苷类抗生素。前面叙述的链霉素和将谈到的春雷霉素和有效霉素都属于这一类。这类抗生素首先根据环己醇型衍生物的结构进行分类,如链霉素属于链霉胍衍生物类;春雷霉素和有效霉素属于肌醇-脱氧肌醇衍生物类;新霉素(neomycin),巴龙霉素(paromomycin)、卡那霉素(kanamycin)和庆大霉素(gentamicin)等属于2-脱氧链霉胺(2-deoxystreptamine)衍生物类; + +$\smiles{N[C@@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O}$ + +## 1. 新霉素 + +新霉素是一种链霉菌(Streptomyces fradiae)产生的广谱抗生素。发现于1949年。能抑制大多数革兰氏阴性细菌及阳性细菌、结核杆菌。由于新霉素口服后很少被吸收,所以临床上常用它治疗肠道疾病。 + +新霉素溶于水,不溶于有机溶剂,对酸、碱、热稳定,新霉素不是单一的化合物,它由新霉素A、B、C3个成分组成。新霉素A即新霉胺(neamine),抗菌作用弱,新霉素B和C是异构体,具结构式如下: + +$\smiles{NCC1OC(OC2C(N)CC(N)C(OC3OC(CO)C(O)C(OC4OC(CO)C(O)C(N)C4O)C3O)C2O)C(O)C(N)C1O}$ + +## 2. 巴龙霉素 + +巴龙霉素是一种龟裂链霉菌(Streptomyces rimosus fasma paromomycinus)分泌的广谱抗生素。它的化学 + +$\smiles{NCC1OC(OC2C(N)CC(N)C(OC3OC(CO)C(O)C(OC4OC(CO)C(O)C(N)C4O)C3O)C2O)C(O)C(N)C1O}$ +巴龙霉素 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00045.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00045.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f4729cc55433e1a2d59b9e459315f634c2d10039 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00045.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +结构和性质与新霉素 H(或 C)极相似,抗菌谱也差不多,临床上巴龙霉素用于治疗肠阿米巴,病痢疾及其他肠道细菌感染。该抗生素的特点是毒性低,副作用小,以口服为佳。 + +## 3. 卡那霉素 + +卡那霉素为卡那链霉菌(Streptomyces kanamyceticus)产生的广谱抗生素,于1957年发现,国产菌种从云南省西双版纳土壤中获得。卡那霉素的理化性质及抗菌谱和新霉素相似。临床上用于治疗耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌和一些革兰氏阴性杆菌所引起的各种严重感染以及耐链霉素结核杆菌所致的各种疾病。 + +卡那霉素制品含有 A、B、C 3 种成分,国产的主要成分为 A,卡那霉素的结构式如下: + +$\smiles{C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(CC(C(C2O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)N)O)N)O)N)O)O}$ + +## 4. 庆大霉素 + +庆大霉素是从小单孢菌属(Micromonospora purpurea)F19-77菌株中分离出来的广谱抗生素。它和国外报道的良他霉素(gentamicin)系为同一抗生素。化学结构和性质与卡那霉素相似。庆大霉素对绿脓杆菌及某些耐药性细菌有较强的抗菌作用,临床上用于肾盂肾炎、尿道炎、膀胱炎、盆腔炎、败血症等,均有良好疗效。 + +良他霉素为多成分抗生素,一般制品系良他霉素$C_{1},C_{2}$和$C_{1}$混合物。它们的结构式如下: + +$\smiles{CN[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H](N)C[C@@H](N)[C@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](CN)CC[C@H]3N)[C@H]2O)O[C@H](C)[C@@]1(C)O}$ + +## (四) 氯霉素 + +氯霉素(chloramphenicol)是在1947年从放线菌属委内瑞拉链霉菌(Streptomyces venezuela)中分离出来的。现在使用的都是化学合成的产品,氯霉素分子中含有对位硝基苯基团、丙二醇及二氯乙酰胺基,结构式如下: + +$\smiles{O=[N+]([O-])c1ccc(cc1)C(O)C(NC(=O)C(Cl)Cl)CO} +$ + +氯霉素 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00046.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00046.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..162f627999e73c1fe897e6b86940ad76e1f00fa0 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00046.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +极好的效果,对人畜及鱼类无毒害,这是一种很有应用前途的抗生素。 + +## (五) 日光霉素 + +日光熔素(nikkomycin)为两性水溶性核苷类抗生素,其产生菌为Strep. tendac Tu901,来自日本日光土壤。该菌产生多组分杀虫杀菌抗生素,其中组分C和CX只对昆虫有杀灭效力。日光霉素的化学结构如下所示: + +$\smiles{CC(C(N)C(=O)NC(C(=O)O)C1OC(n2ccc(=O)[nH]c2=O)C(O)C1O)C(O)c1ccc(O)cc1}$ + +某些多氧菌素的产生菌也能同时产生日光霉素。 + +## (六) 四抗生素 + +四抗生素(tetracyclin)也称杀螨霉素,属于大环内酯类抗生素,其生产菌为金色链霉菌(Strep. aureus),从日本琦玉县土壤中获得。此菌产生的抗生素有3个活性组分,其中组分C为四抗生素,它的含量占一半以上。四抗生素的化学结构如下: + +$\smiles{CC1OC2CCC(O2)CC(O1)C(=O)OC(C)C3OC4CCC(O4)CC(O3)C(=O)OC(C)C5OC6CCC(O6)CC(O5)C(=O)OC(C)C7OC8CCC(O8)CC(O7)C(=O)O1}$ + +四抗生素为无色或微黄色的棱形结晶,对光、热、酸、碱都很稳定,易溶于醇类、丙酮、苯,氯仿和乙酸乙酯等有机溶剂,但几乎不溶于水。 + +四抗生素对螨和红蜘蛛都有很强的杀灭功效。半衰期短(8~10 d),最后的降解物为$CO_{2}$和$H_{2}O$,因此不污染环境。对湿血动物几乎无害,使用安全。对黄瓜和十字花科蔬菜易形成药害。 + +## (七) 有效霉素 + +有效霉素(vilidamycin)是由放线菌T-7545(吸水链霉菌的变种)产生的抗生素,它对水稻纹枯病菌有抑制作用。1968年,日本人从有效成分T-7545A,命名为有效霉素A,产生菌为吸水链霉菌柠檬色变种(Strep. Hygroscopicus var limoncus)。有效霉素A对水稻纹枯病有极好的防治效果,并证明它对人、畜、鱼、鸟都是安全的。有效霉素A的结构式如下: + +$\smiles{OCC1=C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1N[C@H]2[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]2O[C@@H]3[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H]3CO}$ diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00047.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00047.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b816402c058bfd94ee2f0848e588f10cb66e4c28 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00047.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +$\smiles{CC(C)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(C)C)C(=O)O[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(C)C)C(=O)O[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(C)C)C(=O)O[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(C)C)C(=O)O[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(C)C)C(=O)O[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1}$ + +缬氨霉素-K 络合物的结构 + +A=L-乳酸;B=L-缬氨酸;C=D-羟基异戊酸 + +$D = D-$ 缬氨酸 + +短杆菌肽 A 是一个开环的十五肽。结构上值得注意的是 L- 和 D- 氨基酸交替排列,并且此多肽的 $-NH_{2}$ 末端和 -COOH 末端都被修饰。短杆菌肽 A 能形成通道(channel)横贯双脂层膜。被转运的离子从膜的一侧进入通道,经过它扩散到膜的另一侧。发生离子转运时这种抗生素(通道)本身不需要移动。 + +$\smiles{C(=O)N[CH](C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[CH](C)C(=O)N[CH](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[CH](C)C(=O)N[CH](C(C)C)C(=O)N[CH](C(C)C)C(=O)N[CH](C(C)C)C(=O)N[CH](Cc1c[nH]c2ccccc12)C(=O)N[CH](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[CH](Cc1c[nH]c2ccccc12)C(=O)N[CH](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[CH](Cc1c[nH]c2ccccc12)C(=O)N[CH](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCCO} +$ +短杆菌肽 A + +氨霉素专门转运 K⁺ 以通过线粒体内膜,而短杆菌肽 A 除能跨膜转运 K⁺ 外,还能转运 Na⁺ 和几个其他的一份阳离子。尼日利亚菌素 (nigericin) 也是 K⁺ 的专一性离子载体抗生素,它与缬氨霉素不同,由于它有一个负电荷,因此尼日利亚菌素 -K⁺ 络合物是不带净电荷的。尼日利亚菌素促进 K⁺ 和 H⁺ 的交换,而缬氨霉素只促进 K⁺ 的通过。 + +由于离子载体抗生素增加线粒体膜对 $H^+$、$K^+$ 或 $Na^+$ 的通透性,为维持线粒体内正常的 $K^+$ 浓度就必须使泵入 $K^+$ 的速度与流出速度平衡。这样使得线粒体消耗能量用于泵入 $K^+$,而不是用来形成 ATP,因此抑制了氧化磷酸化作用。 + +## (四) 干扰细胞壁的形成 + +青霉素、头孢菌素、杆菌肽、D-环丝氨酸(D-cycloserine)、磷霉素(phosphonomycin)和万古霉素(vancomycin)等对细菌细胞壁合成具有抑制作用。但它们抑制生物合成的环节和方式可以不同。 + +很早已有人观察到,在青霉素的影响下,大肠杆菌发生变形。细菌的外形决定于细胞壁的完整性,细菌的变形是细胞壁受损的结果。由于青霉素专门作用生长时期的细菌,可见青霉素的作用是抑制新的胞壁形成,而不是破坏已经形成的细胞壁。细胞壁的合成受到抑制后,细菌的抗渗透压能力降低,引起菌体变形,破裂而死亡。 + +20世纪50年代后期阐明了粘肽的结构及其生物合成,并确定了青霉素干扰细胞壁的形成主要是抑制粘肽合成的最后一步,即转肽作用。转肽酶正常情况下是先与底物五肽侧链倒数的第二个D-丙氨酸残基形成酰基中间物然后发生转肽反应。现已证明青霉素内酰胺环上的高反应性β-内酰胺键受到酶活性部位上丝氨酸残基的羟基的亲核攻击形成了共价键。产生的青霉噻唑酰基-酶复合物(penicilloyl-enzyme complex)是无活性的,并且不再发挥脱酰基作用(去acylation),因此青霉素抑制转肽酶是不可逆的 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00048.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00048.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a1fab2093ea02319a4a02cb6a3fbd137da9c6971 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00048.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +由表 17-1 可见,垂体前叶、中叶及后叶、甲状旁腺、胰岛等分泌的激素为多肽或蛋白质,甲状腺分泌的甲状腺素以及肾上腺髓质分泌的肾上腺素等为氨基酸的衍生物,均为含氨基酸。肠、肾粘膜分泌的各种激素也都是肽类。下丘脑有调节垂体前叶的功能,也分泌一些肽类激素,如促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子、促性腺激素释放因子等。 + +性腺和肾上腺皮质分泌的绝大多数都是固醇类激素(表17-2)。而耻骨松驰素及绒毛膜促性腺激素则也是含氮激素。 + +## 二、激素的合成与分泌 + +虽然所有激素在体内的生物合成应该说都是在基因的调控之下,但就合成途径来看,大体上可以划分为两个类型:①由激素的结构基因通过转录与翻译形成,②通过胞内存在的酶系催化合成。 + +## (一) 多肽激素合成后储存于分泌囊中 + +蛋白质和多肽激素的生物合成属于第一种类型。因而它们的合成途径与一般蛋白质生物合成是一样的,这里不再赘述。但有一点应该指出,就是许多多肽激素的前体都是较大的蛋白质,这种前体多肽激素分子称为“原激素”(prehormone)。原激素的生物活性非常低,需加工后才对分子质量较小的具生物活性的激素。到目前为止,已发现许多原激素,如胰岛素原、胰高血糖素原、甲状旁腺素原、降钙素原、大胃泌素以及促黑激素前体(图17-2)。从原激素转化为激素,剪下的无生物活性的肽段是否有其 + + + +图 17-2 几种多肽激素前体的一级结构示意 + +直线部分代表具生物活性的完整肽段;锯齿部分和标出的碱性氨基酸残基是前体无活性肽段;整个长链就是原激素的结构示意图 + +他的生物功能,目前还不清楚。看来生物体对它所合成的物质是不会白白浪费掉的。近年有报导胰岛素原中的C肽对糖尿病动物具有阻止其微血管病变及神经紊乱的作用。促黑激素的合成途径也可以给我们一些启示,β-促脂素分子中间含有一段β-MSH的分子,可以认为β-MSH的前体就是β-促脂素;同样,ACTH分子N端13肽就是α-MSH,因此ACTH可以认为是α-MSH的前体。从图17-2中我们看到,前体多肽链的位置并无规律可循,具激素活性的肽段可能出现在前体的N端(如ACTH原,胰高血糖素原),也可能出现在C端(如甲状旁腺素原)或在两端(如胰岛素原),也有出现在中间的(如β-促脂素)。但是仔细分析一下原激素分子断裂成激素的位置,不难发现都是在两个连续的碱性氨基酸处,因此 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00049.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00049.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d4e1d2abd8dc263b1360235fdc9e7898c2885b1a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00049.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +这里,催化聚合反应的是右旋糖酐蔗糖酶(dextransucrase)也称蔗糖-6-葡糖基转移酶(sucrose-6-glucosyltransferase),形成的聚合物主链是$\alpha-1,6$连接的葡聚糖(主链占95%),支链为$\alpha-1,3$连接的单个葡萄糖基或异麦芽糖基(支链占5%)。因菌种或菌株的不同,还有$\alpha-1,2$或$\alpha-1,4$连接的分支,天然右旋糖酐含有各种大小的分子,从寡糖到$M_{t}$高达几亿的多糖,其水溶液的$\alpha_{i}^{25}=+200^{\circ}$。 + +用部分水解的方法可以从天然右旋糖酐获得 $M_{r}$ 介于 50 000~100 000 的产品,得率达 90%。这种产品临床上用作血浆代用品,治疗因丢失体液而引起的休克(shock)。人口腔中生长的几种细菌能合成大量的右旋糖酐,它是牙斑(dental plaque)的主要成分,并因此营养学家十分关注饮食中蔗糖的消耗。 + +右旋糖酐经交联剂(crosslinking agent)例如表氯醇(epichlorohydrin),即1-氯-2,3-环氧丙烷处理,则被交联成具有立体网状结构的交联葡聚糖(crosslinked dextran),它的珠状凝胶的商品名为Sephadex,反应式如下所示: + +$\smiles{OC[C@H]1O[C@H](OC[C@H]2O[C@H](OC[C@H]3O[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O[C@H]4O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O}$ + +通过控制葡聚糖与交联剂的比例可以得到不同网孔大小的交联凝胶,它们广泛地用于生化分离。向右旋糖酐(平均$M_{s}\sim2\times10^{6}$)引入一种多环发色团,活性蓝2(reactive blue 2)(图1-26),使成蓝色葡聚糖-2000,它常被用于凝胶过滤中孔隙体积测定和装柱质量核查(见第7章)。 + +## 4. 菊粉(inulin) + +菊粉是一种果聚糖(fructan),在很多植物中代替淀粉成为贮存多糖。大量地存在于菊科(Compositae)植物中。在菊芋(Helianthus)、大丽花(Dahlia)的块茎和菊苣(Cichorium)、旋覆花(Inula)的根中含量尤为丰富,例如菊芋(H. tuberosus)的根含12%~15%,菊苣(C. intybus)的根含15%~20%。 + +$\smiles{O=C1c2ccccc2C(=O)c2c1cc(Nc1nc(Nc3ccc(cc3)S(=O)(=O)[O-])nc(Nc3ccc(cc3)S(=O)(=O)[O-])n1)cc2} +$ +图1-26 蓝色葡聚糖的发色团 + +菊粉溶于热水,加乙醇便从水中析出,水溶液的$\left[\alpha\right]_{D}^{25}=-33^{\circ}$,与碘不发生反应。菊粉分子约由31个$\beta-$呋喃果糖残基和1~2个吡喃葡糖残基聚合而成,果糖残基之间通过$\beta(2\rightarrow1)$连接,1个葡萄糖残基位于多糖链的末端,以蔗糖型链$\left(\alpha1\leftrightarrow\beta2\right)$与之相连,另一个葡萄糖残基如果有,可能出现在链内。由于菊 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00050.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00050.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..49dc3beea3a359cc27ccdaeb57092efb25a72fe8 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00050.md @@ -0,0 +1,255 @@ +
确定半胱氨酸残基间形成的S—S交联桥的位置169
Q核苷480
+ +## R + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
染色质纤丝495
染色质组装495
热休克蛋白质239
热诱导97
人白细胞结合蛋白230
人工酶346
人类基因组计划472
人免疫缺损病毒275
人免疫缺陷病毒245
人造丝46
溶解度15
溶菌酶185
溶血蛋白162
溶血甘油磷脂105
熔点94
肉豆蔻油94
乳化88
乳胶88
乳糜微粒116.118
乳酸脱氢酶377,428
乳糖37
RNA 聚合酶339
RNA 世界472
Rossman 折叠221,225
+ +## S + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
18
赛珞玢46
3 , 3 ', 5 -三碘甲腺原氨酸129
三甘露糖基核心58
三股螺旋215,490
三级(3 )结构160
三级结构的预测240
三甲基硅烷基化154
c -N , N , N -三甲基赖氨酸128
三角双锥体26
三萜112
三酰甘油79.91
三线态氧97
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
三叶草形结构496
三元复合物364
三重态氧97
色氨酸126
色谱148
鲨肝醇93
鲨肌醇27
筛眼数303
山梨醇26.27
上下型β桶226
上下型螺旋束224
伸展蛋白45
神经氨酸30
神经氨酸酶61.243
神经毒蛋白162
神经节苷脂109
神经酰胺108
肾上腺激素556
渗透压292
生物胞素基454
生物膜81,589
生物素454
生物素羧化酶455
生物素羧基载体蛋白455
生物学功能160
生育酚438
L .-山梨糖23
失活作用368
十二烷基硫酸钠87,233
十糖序列70
矢车菊色素苷33
饰胶蛋白聚糖69
视黄醇434
视黄醇结合蛋白435
视黄醇酯434
视黄醛434
视紫红质435
嗜热菌蛋白酶173
收缩和游动蛋白162
手性3
手性分子3
手性碳原子3
手性原中心92
受体与配体61
+ diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00051.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00051.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3791078e43838a9ac1d986c871f4ec18e3676260 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00051.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ + + +图1-1 人工异花传粉示意图 + +两朵花之间的传粉过程叫作异花传粉。不同植株的花进行异花传粉时,供应花粉的植株叫作父本($^{♂}$),接受花粉的植株叫作母本($^{♀}$)。 + +右)的;有结圆粒种子的,也有结皱粒种子的。像这样,一种生物的同一种性状的不同表现类型,叫作相对性状(relative trait)。这些性状能够稳定地遗传给后代。用具有相对性状的植株进行杂交实验,很容易观察和分析实验结果。 + +孟德尔经过仔细观察,从34个豌豆品种中选择了7对相对性状(如茎的高度、种子形状、子叶颜色、花的位置等)做杂交实验(图1-2)。 + + + +图1-2 豌豆的7对相对性状示意图 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00052.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00052.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..663cc6e33475e967bfb8dc1dbbcd56204cc66cae --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00052.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +## STS 科学·技术·社会 + +## 理想的“地质时钟” + +化石是研究生物进化最有力的证据之一。当人们获得一块生物化石之后,怎样来测算它的形成年代呢?放射性同位素的发现,使人们找到了理想的“地质时钟”。 + +科学家发现,在同年代形成的岩石中,所含铅和铀的比例是相同的。这是为什么呢?原来,岩石中的铅是由铀逐渐衰变形成的。铅的相对原子质量是207,放射性铀的相对原子质量是238。铀($^{238}$U)具有不稳定的原子核,能够自行放射出射线,最后衰变成质量较轻、稳定的同位素铅($^{206}$Pb)。这种衰变的速率不受环境因素(如温度、湿度、压力等)的影响。放射性同位素在一定的单位时间内衰变一半,这个单位时间叫作半衰期。例如,$^{238}$U的半衰期是45亿年,$^{14}C$的半衰期是5730年。假如现在将100万个$^{238}U$原子密封在一个玻璃瓶中,那么,45亿年后,就有50万个$^{238}U$原子衰变成铅,这个玻璃瓶中将只有50万个$^{238}U$原子,再过45亿年,将只剩下25万个$^{238}U$原子。因此,测定化石中所含$^{238}U$和$^{206}Pb$的比例,我们就可以知道这块化石大约是什么时候形成的。同样的道理,测定化石中$^{14}C$和$^{12}C$的比例,也可以知道化石中的生物所生存的年代。 + +用$^{14}C$作“地质时钟”,测定的化石如果是7万年以前的,结果就不可信了。想一想,这是为什么? + +读了这篇文章,你对学科交叉、科学与技术的关系有什么新的认识? + +## 与生物学有关的职业 + +## 化石标本的制作人员 + +工作描述 工作环境主要是自然博物馆、大学或科研单位的古生物学研究室,主要任务是将化石从岩石中剥离出来,对缺失的部分进行修复。 + +学历要求 生物学或地质学专业本科及以上学历。 + +须具备的素质 具有较广博的自然科学知识,具有在显微镜下运用工具进行精细操作的能力。由于化石往往不够完整而且易碎,整理和拼接过程中要有足够的耐心、一丝不苟的工作态度以及丰富的想象力。从事这项工作要同许多人打交道,从化石发掘人员到古生物学家,因此,还需要有良好的人际沟通能力。 + +职业乐趣 化石标本的制作过程可能有些枯燥,但是,当你看到通过自己的双手,使一个几万年前乃至几千万年前的生物栩栩如生地重现于世时,该是何等的愉悦! + + + +顾氏小盗龙化石 + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00053.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00053.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f4c5e512ae7f878445169dca89430d672218fe30 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00053.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +## ⦿ 本节聚焦 + +· 什么是物种? + +·怎样理解地理隔离和生殖隔离? + +·隔离在物种形成中起什么作用? + +## 二 隔离在物种形成中的作用 + +同种生物的不同种群,由于突变和选择因素的不同,其基因组成可能会朝不同的方向改变,导致种群间出现形态和生理上的差异。但是,它们并不一定分化为不同的物种。那么,怎样判断两个种群是不是同一个物种呢? + +## 物种的概念 + +在遗传学和生物进化论的研究中,把能够在自然状态下相互交配并且产生可育后代的一群生物称为一个物种(species)。不同物种之间一般是不能相互交配的,即使交配成功,也不能产生可育的后代,这种现象叫作生殖隔离(reproductive isolation)。例如,马和驴虽然能够交配,但是产生的后代——骡(图6-10)是不育的,因此,马和驴之间存在生殖隔离,它们属于两个物种。 + + + +▲ 图6-10 骡 + +## 隔离及其在物种形成中的作用 + +由于高山、河流、沙漠或其他地理上的障碍,每个物种总是分成一个个或大或小的群体,这些群体就是不同的种群,比如两个池塘中的鲤鱼就是两个种群。同种生物由于地理障碍而分成不同的种群,使得种群间不能发生基因交流的现象,叫作地理隔离(geographical isolation)。 + +地理隔离和生殖隔离都是指不同群体间的个体,在自然条件下基因不能自由交流的现象,这里统称为隔离(isolation)。那么,地理隔离和生殖隔离有没有什么联系呢?下图是一个假想的情境,可以帮助你想象和思考(图6-11)。 + + + +在一个山谷中,有一个鼠种群“快乐”地生活着。雌鼠和雄鼠之间可以自由交配,繁衍后代。后来由于地质和气候的变化,山谷中形成一条汹涌的大河。鼠种群的个体,一半在河这边,一半在河那边。就这样过了几千年。 + + + +后来,河流干涸了,两个鼠种群又相遇了。它们发现彼此大不相同。它们之间还能繁殖后代吗? + +图6-11 地理隔离导致产生两个鼠种群的示意图 + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00054.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00054.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7eeddf8e872392e098f456a6995b11ea74bef84b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00054.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +## 第 4 节 + +## 协同进化与生物多样性的形成 + +## 问题探讨 + +达尔文曾发现一种兰花长着细长的花距,其底部储存着花蜜。达尔文推测,这种花的形成绝不是偶然的,肯定存在这样的昆虫,它们生有同样细长的吸管似的口器,可以从花距中吸到花蜜。大约50年以后,研究人员果然发现了这样的蛾类昆虫。 + + + +某种兰花和专门给它传粉的蛾 + +## 讨论 + +1. 达尔文作出上述推测的理由是什么? + +2. 如果后来未发现这样的蛾类昆虫,是否说明达尔文的推测是错误的? + +在自然界,一种植物专门由一种昆虫传粉的情形并不少见。想一想,昆虫传粉的专门化对植物繁衍后代有什么意义?虫媒花的进化与传粉昆虫的进化有怎样的关系? + +## ⦿ 本节聚焦 + +· 什么是协同进化? + +·怎样理解生物多样性是进化的结果? + +·生物进化理论仍然在发展吗? + +## 协同进化 + +你可能在电视上看过猎豹追捕羚羊的镜头(图6-12)。自然选择有利于羚羊种群中肌肉发达、动作敏捷的个体,也有利于猎豹种群中跑得快的个体。这两个物种的进化过程宛如一场漫长的“军备竞赛”。 + + + +▲ 图6-12 猎豹追捕羚羊 + +你想过没有,捕食者的存在是否对被捕食者有害无益?实际上,捕食者所吃掉的大多是被捕食者中年老、病弱或年幼的个体,客观上起到了促进种群发展的作用。 + +关于捕食者在进化中的作用,美国生态学家斯坦利(S. M. Stanley)提出了“收割理论”:捕食者往往捕食个体数量多的物种,这样就会避免出现一种或少数几种生物在生态系统中占绝对优势的局面,为其他物种的形成腾出空间。捕食者的存在有利于增加物种多样性。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00055.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00055.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ec9bef00c9002667f825cfa767aeafc55d9239e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00055.md @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ + +## 复习与提高 + +## 一、选择题 + +1. 对种群的基因频率没有影响的是() + +A. 随机交配 B. 基因突变 +C. 自然选择 D. 染色体变异 + +2. 生态系统多样性形成的原因可以概括为() + +A. 基因突变 B. 基因重组 +C. 协同进化 D. 地理隔离 + +3. 下列关于生物进化的表述,错误的是() + +A. 隔离是物种形成的必要条件 +B. 突变和基因重组都具有随机性 +C. 自然选择决定生物进化的方向 +D. 只有有利变异才是进化的原材料 + +4. 关于有性生殖在进化上的意义,下列说法错误的是() + +A. 实现了基因重组 +B. 提高了繁殖速率 +C. 加快了进化的进程 +D. 丰富了变异的原材料 + +## 二、非选择题 + +1. 在下面的空白框和括号处填写适当的词语。 + + + +2. 在进化地位上越高等的生物,适应能力越强吗?请说明你的观点和证据。 + +3. 与同种或类似的野生种类相比,家养动物的变异较多(如狗的变异比狼多)。对此你如何解释? + +4. 科学家对某地一种蟹的体色深浅进行了研究,结果如下图所示。不同体色的个体数量为什么会形成这样的差别呢?请提出假说进行解释。 + + + +5. 褐花杓兰和西藏杓兰主要分布于我国西南地区,且分布区域有一定交叉。典型的褐花杓兰,花是深紫色的;典型的西藏杓兰,花是紫红色的。此外,它们还存在花色从浅红到深紫等一系列过渡类型。研究人员通过实验发现,这两种植物能够杂交并产生可育后代。请回答下列问题。 + +(1)这两种兰花的花色存在一系列过渡类型,能否用二者在自然状态下可以杂交来解释?如果能,能否确定过渡类型就是二者杂交形成的? + +(2)研究人员建议将它们合并为一种。这一建议有道理吗? + + +褐花杓兰 + + +西藏杓兰 + +6. 20世纪40年代,DDT开始被用作杀虫剂,起初非常有效。若干年以后,人们发现它的杀虫效果越来越差。人们的解释是昆虫产生了抗药性。请你运用本章所学知识,对昆虫产生抗药性作出进一步的解释。 + +7. 学习完“遗传与进化”模块,你对基因、遗传、变异和进化乃至生命本质有哪些深入的体会和独到的理解?请你围绕上述关键词写一篇短文,题目自拟,文体和字数不限。 diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00056.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00056.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d7b729ee86e31bf48454388e5f87ae64881676a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00056.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ + +## 第3章 + +## 基因的本质 + +自从摩尔根提出基因的染色体理论以后,基因在人们的认识中不再是抽象的“因子”,而是存在于染色体上的一个个单位。但是基因到底是什么呢?摩尔根在他的《基因论》一书的末尾说:“我们仍然很难放弃这个可爱的假设:就是基因之所以稳定,是因为它代表着一个有机的化学实体。”这个假设能成立吗? + + + +揭秘基因的化学本质, +解析DNA的优美螺旋。 +验证DNA的精巧复制, +测读ATGC的生命长卷。 +回响着不同观点的争论, +传颂着合作探究的典范! + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00057.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00057.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..78c61870132b69d67470f021d85a41d71f33974b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00057.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +## 第1节 + +## DNA 是主要的遗传物质 + +## 问题探讨 + +20世纪中叶,科学家发现染色体主要是由蛋白质和DNA组成的。在这两种物质中,究竟哪一种是遗传物质呢?这个问题曾引起生物学界激烈的争论。 + +## 讨论 + +1. 你认为遗传物质可能具有什么特点? + +2. 你认为证明某一种物质是遗传物质的可行方法有哪些? + + +染色体、蛋白质和DNA示意图 + +## ⦿ 本节聚焦 + +·科学家是怎样证明DNA是遗传物质的? + +·为什么说 DNA 是主要的遗传物质? + +·通过对科学家揭示DNA是遗传物质过程的分析,你对科学发现的过程和方法有哪些领悟? + +## 对遗传物质的早期推测 + +20世纪20年代,人们已经认识到蛋白质是由多种氨基酸连接而成的生物大分子。各种氨基酸可以按照不同的顺序排列,形成不同的蛋白质。这就使人们很自然地想到,氨基酸多种多样的排列顺序,可能蕴含着遗传信息。当时对于其他生物大分子的研究,还没有发现与此类似的结构特点。因此,当时大多数科学家认为,蛋白质是生物体的遗传物质。 + +到了20世纪30年代,人们才认识到DNA是由许多脱氧核苷酸聚合而成的生物大分子,脱氧核苷酸的化学组成包括磷酸、碱基和脱氧核糖(图3-1)。组成DNA的脱氧核苷酸有4种,每一种有一个特定的碱基。这一认识本可以使人们意识到DNA的重要性,但是,由于对DNA的结构没有清晰的了解,认为蛋白质是遗传物质的观点仍占主导地位。 + + + +▲图3-1 脱氧核苷酸的化学组成 + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00058.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00058.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..820d15a2f65bad6e13549a7fd3faf10931d41303 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00058.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +物质发现:用$^{35}S$标记的一组侵染实验,放射性同位素主要分布在上清液中;用$^{32}P$标记的一组实验,放射性同位素主要分布在离心管的沉淀物中。想一想,这一结果说明了什么? + +进一步观察发现:在细菌裂解释放出的噬菌体中,可以检测到$^{32}P$标记的DNA,但不能检测到$^{35}S$标记的蛋白质。想一想,这一结果又说明了什么? + +赫尔希和蔡斯的实验表明:噬菌体侵染细菌时,DNA进入细菌的细胞中,而蛋白质外壳仍留在细胞外。因此,子代噬菌体的各种性状,是通过亲代的DNA遗传的。DNA才是噬菌体的遗传物质。 + +## 思考·讨论 + +## 证明 DNA 是遗传物质的实验 + +1. 艾弗里与赫尔希等人选用细菌或病毒作为实验材料,以细菌或病毒作为实验材料具有哪些优点? + +2. 从控制自变量的角度,艾弗里实验的基本思路是什么?在实际操作过程中最大的困难是什么? + +3. 艾弗里和赫尔希等人都分别采用了哪些技术手段来实现他们的实验设计?这对于你认识科学与技术之间的相互关系有什么启示? + + + +▲图3-7 烟草花叶病毒的示意 + +图(左)和电镜照片(右) + +只有 DNA 是遗传物质吗? + +后来的研究证明,遗传物质除DNA外,还有RNA。有些病毒不含有DNA,只含有蛋白质和RNA,如烟草花叶病毒(图3-7)。从烟草花叶病毒中提取的蛋白质,不能使烟草感染病毒,但是,从这些病毒中提取的RNA,却能使烟草感染病毒。因此,在这些病毒中,RNA是遗传物质。因为绝大多数生物的遗传物质是DNA,所以说DNA是主要的遗传物质。 + +## 科学方法 + +## 自变量控制中的“加法原理”和“减法原理” + +在对照实验中,控制自变量可以采用“加法原理”或“减法原理”。与常态比较,人为增加某种影响因素的称为“加法原理”。例如,在“比较过氧化氢在不同条件下的分解”的实验中,与对照组相比,实验组分别作加温、滴加FeCl₃溶液、滴加肝脏研磨液的处理,就利用了“加法原理”。与常态比较,人为去除某种影响因素的称为“减法原理”。例如,在艾弗里的肺炎链球菌转化实验中,每个实验组特异性地去除了一种物质,从而鉴定出DNA是遗传物质,就利用了“减法原理”。 + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00059.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00059.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27b54bb915983faa37c84719e2b415f754bfac78 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00059.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +基对的随机排列都能构成基因这一假设上的。事实上,大部分随机排列的脱氧核苷酸序列从来不曾出现在生物体内,而有些序列却会在生物体内重复许多次。 + +## 讨论 + +1. 如果是100个碱基对组成1个基因,可能组合成多少种基因? + +2. 怎样理解 DNA 的多样性和特异性?你能从 DNA 的结构特点分析生物体具有多样性和特异性的原因吗? + +3. 在刑侦领域,DNA 能像指纹一样用来鉴定个人身份。结合脱氧核苷酸序列的多样性和特异性,你能分析这一方法的科学依据吗? + +4. 你认为基因是碱基对随机排列成的 DNA 片段吗?为什么? + +研究表明,DNA能够储存足够量的遗传信息;遗传信息蕴藏在4种碱基的排列顺序之中;碱基排列顺序的千变万化,构成了DNA的多样性;而碱基特定的排列顺序,又构成了每个DNA分子的特异性;DNA的多样性和特异性是生物体多样性和特异性的物质基础。DNA上分布着许多个基因,基因通常是有遗传效应的DNA片段。 + +有些病毒的遗传物质是 RNA,如人类免疫缺陷病毒(艾滋病病毒)、流感病毒等。对这类病毒而言,基因就是有遗传效应的 RNA 片段。 + +## 练习与应用 + +## 一、概念检测 + +1. 科学研究发现,未经人工转基因操作的番薯都含有农杆菌的部分基因,而这些基因的遗传效应促使番薯根部发生膨大产生了可食用的部分,因此番薯被人类选育并种植。下列相关叙述错误的是() + +A. 农杆菌这些特定的基因可以在番薯细胞内复制 +B. 农杆菌和番薯的基因都是4种碱基对的随机排列 +C. 农杆菌和番薯的基因都是有遗传效应的DNA片段 +D. 农杆菌这些特定的基因可能在自然条件下转入了番薯细胞 + +2. 整理总结染色体、DNA 和基因三者之间的关系,并以你认为最简明的形式表示出来。 + +## 二、拓展应用 + +1. 在严查偷猎野生动物的行动中,执法部门发现某餐馆出售的一种烤肉比较可疑,餐馆工作人员说是“山羊肉”,经实验室检验,执法部门确定这种“山羊肉”来自国家二级保护动物中华斑羚。你认为执法部门最可能采取哪种检测方法?为什么? + +2. 我国一些城市在交通路口启用了人脸识别技术,针对行人和非机动车闯红灯等违规行为进行抓拍。这种技术应用的前提是每个人都具有独一无二的面孔。为什么人群中没有一模一样的两个人呢?请你从生物学的角度评述人脸识别技术的可行性。 + + + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00060.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00060.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f160b97065ec9b42e3386f34db09c6f224364b53 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00060.md @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +## 复习与提高 + +## 一、选择题 + +1. 已知一段双链DNA中,鸟嘌呤所占的比例为20%,由这段DNA转录出来的mRNA中,胞嘧啶的比例是( ___ ) + +A. 10% +B. 20% +C. 40% +D. 无法确定 + +2. 一条肽链有500个氨基酸,则作为合成该肽链模板的mRNA和用来转录mRNA的DNA的碱基至少有( ___ ) + +A. 500 个和 1000 个 +B. 1000 个和 2000 个 +C. 1500 个和 1500 个 +D. 1500 个和 3000 个 + +3. 基因指导蛋白质合成的过程包括转录和翻译,下列相关叙述错误的是( ___ ) + +A. 转录和翻译都遵循碱基互补配对原则 +B. 转录以核糖核苷酸为原料,翻译以氨基酸为原料 +C. 遗传信息既可以从DNA流向蛋白质,也可以从蛋白质流向DNA +D. 在真核细胞中,染色体上基因的转录和翻译是在细胞内的不同区室中进行的 + +4. 基于对基因与生物体性状关系的理解,判断下列表述正确的是( ___ ) + +A. 生物体的性状主要是由基因决定的 +B. 每种性状都是由一个特定的基因决定的 +C. 基因都是通过控制酶的合成来控制性状的 +D. 基因的碱基序列相同,该基因决定的性状一定相同 + +5. 人体的神经细胞和肌细胞的形态、结构和功能不同,是因为这两种细胞内 (___) + +A. tRNA 不同 +B. rRNA 不同 +C. mRNA 不同 +D. DNA 上的遗传信息不同 + +## 二、非选择题 + +1. 我国科学家发现在体外实验条件下,某两种蛋白质可以形成含铁的杆状多聚体,这种多聚体能识别外界磁场并自动顺应磁场方向排列。编码这两种蛋白质的基因,在家鸽的视网膜中共同表达。请回答下列问题。 + +(1)家鸽视网膜细胞表达这两种蛋白质的基本过程是________________________。 + +(2)家鸽的所有细胞是否都含有这两个基因并进行表达(答“是”或“否”)____,判断的理由是 ____。 + +(3)如果这两个基因失去功能,家鸽的行为可能发生的变化是__________。要验证你的推测,请设计实验来验证,写出你的实验思路:_______________________________。 + +2. 在人群中,有多种遗传病是由苯丙氨酸的代谢缺陷所致。人体内苯丙氨酸的代谢途径如下图所示。 + + + +请回答下列问题。 + +(1)哪种酶的缺乏会导致人患白化病?尿黑酸在人体内积累会使人的尿液中含有尿黑酸,这种尿液暴露在空气中会变成黑色,这是尿黑酸症的普遍表现。请分析缺乏哪种酶会使人患尿黑酸症。 + +(2)从这个例子可以看出,基因、营养物质的代谢途径和遗传病这三者之间有什么关系? + +(3)苯丙酮尿症表现为苯丙氨酸的代谢产物之一——苯丙酮酸积累,并从尿中大量排出,而苯丙酮酸在脑中积累可阻碍脑的发育,造成智力低下。从2009年起,我国政府启动了苯丙酮尿症患儿特殊奶粉补助项目,这种特殊奶粉不含苯丙氨酸。启动这个项目的意义是什么? diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00061.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00061.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8dee636973d9f69b42b96bbf852369ad6e8f4e2f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00061.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +## § 4.3 Henry 定律 + +根据实验发现,气体物质在液体中的溶解度随气体的平衡压力的增大而增加,随温度升高而减少,1830年 Henry W 提出定量规律为: + +定温下,气体在液体中的溶解度 $x_B$ 与该气体在液面上的平衡分压 $p_B$ 成正比,其定量关系为 + +$p_{B}=kx_{B}\quad(x_{B}\rightarrow0)\quad(4.3.1)$ + +式中 $x_B$ 为被溶解的气体物质在溶液中的摩尔分数,比例常数 $k$ 称为 Henry 常数,与温度有关,是溶质及溶剂性质共同的表现。 + +在稀溶液时,二元溶液溶质的摩尔分数 $x_{B}$ 、质量摩尔浓度 $m_{B}$ 和物质的量浓度 $c_{B}$ 间存在下列关系, + +$x_{\mathrm{B}}=M_{\mathrm{A}} m_{\mathrm{B}}=\left(M_{\mathrm{A}} / \rho_{0}\right) c_{\mathrm{B}}$ $\quad(4.3.2)$ + +因此,Henry定律可表示为 + +$$p_{\mathrm{B}}=k x_{\mathrm{B}}=k_{m}m_{\mathrm{B}}=k_{c}c_{\mathrm{B}}\tag{4.3.3}$$ + +式中 + +$k=(1/M_{A})k_{m}=(\rho_{0}/M_{A})k_{c}\quad(4.3.4)$ + +例 当潜水员由深水急速上升到水面,氮的溶解度降低,在血液中形成气泡阻塞血液流通,这就是“潜函病”。假设氮在血液中的溶解度与水中相同,在$p=101.3\ \mathrm{kPa}$时,$c(\mathrm{N_2})=1.39\times 10^{-5}\ \mathrm{kg(N_2)/kg(H_2O)}$,一个人身体中有$3\ \mathrm{kg}$血。在$20^\circ \mathrm{C}$时,人从$60\ \mathrm{m}$深水中急速上升,请求在人的血液中形成的氮气泡体积有多大?半径为多少? + +解 由于呼吸的空气中的氧气被人体完全吸收,故平衡时氮气的压力应为 + +$p(\mathrm{N}_2) = 101.3\ \mathrm{kPa} \times 0.8 = 81.0\ \mathrm{kPa}$。 + +根据 $p(\mathrm{N}_2) = k_c c(\mathrm{N}_2)$,可得 Henry 常数 $k_c$: + +$k_{c} = \frac{p(\mathrm{N}_{2})}{c(\mathrm{N}_{2})} = \frac{1.013 \times 10^{5} \, \mathrm{Pa} \times 0.8}{1.39 \times 10^{-5} \, \mathrm{kg}(\mathrm{N}_{2})/\mathrm{kg}(\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O})}$ +$= 5.81 \times 10^{9} \, \mathrm{Pa} \cdot \mathrm{kg}(\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O})/\mathrm{kg}(\mathrm{N}_{2})$ + +60 m 深水中的压力 $p_B$ 及血液中溶解氮的浓度 $c_B$ 为 + +$p_{\mathrm{B}}=\rho_{1}g h=60\mathrm{~m}\times998\mathrm{~k g}/\mathrm{m}^{3}\times9.81\mathrm{~m}/\mathrm{s}^{2}=5.87\times10^{5}\mathrm{~P a}$ + +$c_{\mathrm{B}}=p_{\mathrm{B}}/k_{\mathrm{c}}=5.87\times10^{5}\times0.8\ \mathrm{Pa}/5.81\times10^{9}\ \mathrm{Pa\cdot kg(H_{2}O)/kg(N_{2})}$ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00062.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00062.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7041cb2802f1a0bd9ae22c29a4c0332560e9c5c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00062.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +$$ +\left. +\begin{array}{l} +G_{\mathrm{m}}^{\mathrm{E}} = \Delta_{\mathrm{mix}} G_{\mathrm{m}} - R T \sum_{i} x_{i} \ln x_{i} \\ +S_{\mathrm{m}}^{\mathrm{E}} = - \left( \frac{\partial G_{\mathrm{m}}^{\mathrm{E}}}{\partial T} \right)_{p} = \Delta_{\mathrm{mix}} S_{\mathrm{m}} + R \sum_{i} x_{i} \ln x_{i} \\ +H_{\mathrm{m}}^{\mathrm{E}} = \Delta_{\mathrm{mix}} H_{\mathrm{m}}, \, U_{\mathrm{m}}^{\mathrm{E}} = \Delta_{\mathrm{mix}} U_{\mathrm{m}}, \, V^{\mathrm{E}} = \Delta_{\mathrm{mix}} V_{\mathrm{m}} \\ +C_{p,\mathrm{m}}^{\mathrm{E}} = \left( \frac{\partial H_{\mathrm{m}}^{\mathrm{E}}}{\partial T} \right)_{p}, \, \left( \frac{\partial G_{\mathrm{m}}^{\mathrm{E}}}{\partial p} \right)_{T} = V_{\mathrm{m}}^{\mathrm{E}} +\end{array} +\right\} \tag{4.11.3} +$$ + +以上 $H_{\mathrm{m}}^{\mathrm{E}} 、 V_{\mathrm{m}}^{\mathrm{E}} 、 G_{\mathrm{m}}^{\mathrm{E}}$ 可由实验求得。 + + + +(a) + + + +(b) + +图 4.11.1 摩尔超额函数与组成的关系 + +(a) 乙醇(1)-异辛烷(2),(b) 乙醇(1)-苯(2) + +在混合物时,以体系的温度、压力及与混合物中相同聚集态纯物质为标准态,不难从式(4.11.3)及式(4.7.4)推出超额函数与活度系数的下列关系: + +$$ +\left. \begin{array} { l } { { G _ { \mathrm { m } } ^ { \mathrm { E } } = R T \sum _ { i } x _ { i } \ln \gamma _ { i } } } \\ { { H _ { \mathrm { m } } ^ { \mathrm { E } } = - R T ^ { 2 } \sum _ { i } x _ { i } \left( \frac { \partial \ln \gamma _ { i } } { \partial T } \right) _ { p , n } } } \\ { { S _ { \mathrm { m } } ^ { \mathrm { E } } = - R \sum _ { i } x _ { i } \ln \gamma _ { i } - R T \sum _ { i } x _ { i } \left( \frac { \partial \ln \gamma _ { i } } { \partial T } \right) _ { p , n } } } \\ { { V _ { \mathrm { m } } ^ { \mathrm { E } } = R T \sum _ { i } x _ { i } \left( \frac { \partial \ln \gamma _ { i } } { \partial p } \right) _ { T , n } } } \\ { { \kappa ^ { \mathrm { E } } = \frac { - R T } { V _ { \mathrm { m } } } \sum _ { i } x _ { i } \left( \frac { \partial ^ { 2 } \ln \gamma _ { i } } { \partial p ^ { 2 } } \right) _ { T , n } } } \end{array} \right\} \quad ( 4 . 1 1 . 4 ) +$$ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00063.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00063.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..321a7d8af27160c4dfeb89b5fce22b557d8c0984 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00063.md @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +298.15 K 时 CO₂ 在环己醇(cyc)中溶解气液平衡数据: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
$p/10^{5}Pa$10.020.030.040.060.080.0
$y_{\text {opt}}$0.02670.01490.01120.009470.008350.00921
$x_{\text {ryt}}$0.97410.94640.92040.8920.8360.773
+ +求算 $CO_2$ 在环己醇中溶解的 Henry 常数及 $p = 60 \times 10^5\ Pa$ 时 $CO_2$ 的活度系数。 + +$[k_{\mathrm{H}}=371\times10^{5}\mathrm{~P a},\gamma_{\mathrm{C O_{2}}}=0.98]$ + +14. 若令 $Q = G_{\mathrm{m}}^{\mathrm{E}} / RT$,则 $Q = \sum_{i} x_{i} \ln \gamma_{i}$,如果 $\ln \gamma_{i}$ 当作偏摩尔量,则上式即是偏摩尔量集合公式,利用式(2.8.14)及式(2.8.15), + +$L_{1}-L_{1}^{*}=\Delta_{\mathrm{m i x}}L_{\mathrm{m i}}-x_{2}\left(\frac{\partial\Delta_{\mathrm{m i x}}L_{\mathrm{m}}}{\partial x_{2}}\right)_{T,p}$ + +对于二元混合物,请推导 + +$\ln\gamma_{A}=Q-x_{B}\left(\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x_{B}}\right)_{T,P}$ + +$\ln\gamma_{\mathrm{B}}=Q-x_{\mathrm{A}}\left(\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x_{\mathrm{A}}}\right)_{T,P}$ + +若 $Q = \frac{G_{\text{m}}^{\text{E}}}{RT} = Cx_A x_B$,且 $C$ 与组成无关,请求 $\ln \gamma_A$、$\ln \gamma_B$。[$\ln \gamma_A = Cx_B^2$,$\ln \gamma_B = Cx_A^2$] + +15. 试证明:恒温恒压下,在二元混合物中当每个组分均选在 $T,p$ 时的纯物质为标准态时,存在下述关系: + +$\int_{0}^{1} \ln\left(\frac{\gamma_{A}}{\gamma_{B}}\right) \mathrm{d}x_{A} = 0$ + +[提示:从 Gibbs-Duhem 公式出发,推出 $\int_{\ln\gamma_{A}}^{\ln(1/\gamma_{B})}x_{A}\mathrm{d}\ln\frac{\gamma_{A}}{\gamma_{B}}=\int_{\ln1}^{\ln\gamma_{B}}-\mathrm{d}\ln\gamma_{B}$。 +再应用全微分性质 $\int u \, dv = uv - \int v \, du$,即可证得] + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00064.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00064.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1313dd4fafd9e089396aced2ccc59c5b4612a57a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00064.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +展,依据各个时期的科学成就,人们曾提出过一些有价值的概念和结论,但在热力学理论建立以前没有形成一个完整的科学理论体系,直到热力学理论建立以后才提出一个宏观上统一处理的方案。因此,在学习本章时对此应给予足够的重视。 + +## § 5.1 化学反应体系的状态描述 + +## 5.1.1 化学反应进度 + +任何一个化学反应,其反应方程式可表示为下述一般形式 + +$$\begin{equation} +0 = \sum_{\mathrm{B}} \nu_{\mathrm{B}} \mathrm{B} \tag{5.1.1} +\end{equation}$$ + +式中 B 表示反应物或生成物的化学式,$\nu_{B}$ 是物质 B 的化学计量数,显然对反应物取负值,对生成物取正值,这与惯例是一致的。因此,式(5.1.1)不能写成 $\sum_{B}\nu_{B}B=0$。应特别强调,$\nu_{B}$ 是无量纲的纯数,可以是整数或简单的分数,只是表示反应过程中各物质转化的比例关系,以合成氨反应为例: + +$0=-\frac{1}{2}\mathrm{N}_{2}(\mathrm{~g})-\frac{3}{2}\mathrm{H}_{2}(\mathrm{~g})+\mathrm{NH}_{3}(\mathrm{~g})\quad(R_{1})$ + +$0 = -\mathrm{N}_{2}(\mathrm{g}) - 3\mathrm{H}_{2}(\mathrm{g}) + 2\mathrm{NH}_{3}(\mathrm{g}) \quad (R_{2})$ + +它们所表示的反应中各物质转化的比例关系是相同的,反应方程式中各物质的计量数不是反应过程中各相应物质所转化的物质的量。因此,不能绝对地说反应 $R_{2}$ 是 1 mol $\mathrm{N}_{2}(\mathrm{~g})$ 与 3 mol $\mathrm{H}_{2}(\mathrm{~g})$ 生成 2 mol $\mathrm{NH}_{3}(\mathrm{~g})$。 + +为了描述反应量,20世纪初比利时科学家 Dekonder 引入了一个“反应进度”$\xi$ 的概念,$\xi$ 定义为 + +$\xi = \frac{\pi_{\mathrm{B}} - \pi_{\mathrm{B}}^{0}}{\nu_{\mathrm{B}}}$ (5.1.2) + +以反应$(R_2)$为例 + +$\xi=\frac{n\left(N_{2}\right)-n^{0}\left(N_{2}\right)}{-1}=\frac{n\left(H_{2}\right)-n^{0}\left(H_{2}\right)}{-3}=\frac{n\left(NH_{3}\right)-n^{0}\left(NH_{3}\right)}{2}$ + +或者写成 + +$n(\mathrm{N_2}) = n^0(\mathrm{N_2}) - \xi, \quad +n(\mathrm{H_2}) = n^0(\mathrm{H_2}) - 3\xi, \quad +n(\mathrm{NH_3}) = n^0(\mathrm{NH_3}) + 2\xi$ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00065.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00065.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..29dfed0add4f361dfd94ed1d2928af397f3b0462 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00065.md @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +根据(3)式求得 $IT = 72.76 \, kJ \cdot mol^{-1}$, $I = 72.76 \times 10^{3} / 298.2 \, J \cdot K^{-1} \cdot mol^{-1} = 244.0 \, J \cdot K^{-1} \cdot mol^{-1}$。 + +将上述数据再代入(3)式,可得 + +$\Delta_{\mathrm{r}} G_{\mathrm{m}}^{\ominus}(T) / \mathrm{J} \cdot \mathrm{mol}^{-1}=185.6 \times 10^{3}+115 T \ln (T / \mathrm{K})+4.18 \times 10^{-3}(T / \mathrm{K})^{2}$ +$-5.44 \times 10^5 (1/(T/K)) - 244.0 (T/K)\quad(4)$ + +分解温度时,$K_p = (p_{CO_2} / p^\ominus) = (p^\ominus / p^\ominus) = 1$(假设 $CO_2(g)$ 为理想气体)故 + +$\Delta_{r}G_{m}^{\ominus}(T)=-RT\ln K_{p}=0$ + +(4)式是一个较复杂的方程,没有现成的公式求解,只能采用试解法,求得$T_{合}=1176\ K$(即$903\ ^{\circ}C$)。 + +关于产生气体的固体分解温度的概念,似乎有些混乱。设温度 $T$ 时固体加热分解之平衡气压为 $p_T < p^\ominus$,于是就称 $p_T$ 为该温度时的分解压力,能否称这时的温度就是分解温度呢?不能,否则一个固体在外压与分解压力相同时就无数字分解温度,这就毫无意义。因此,这里的分解温度显然是指与外压具有相同蒸气压时的平衡温度。 + +例4 由反应各组分之 $\Delta_{\mathrm{r}} G_{\mathrm{m}}^{\ominus}(298 \mathrm{~K})$、$\Delta_{\mathrm{r}} H_{\mathrm{m}}^{\ominus}(298 \mathrm{~K})$、$C_{p, \mathrm{~m}}$ 数据可得反应 + +$C_2H_4(g) + H_2O(g) = C_2H_5OH(g)$ + +的 $K_f(T,p)$ 与 $T$ 的关系为 + +$\ln K_{f} = \frac{37\,447}{RT} - \frac{6.018}{R} \ln(T/K) + \frac{0.0367}{R} T - \frac{52.72 \times 10^{-7}}{R} T^{2} + 3.09$ + +求在下列条件下乙烯的平衡转化率。温度为 $523 \, K$,$p = 3.4 \times 10^{6} \, Pa$,$ n(\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}) $: +$ n(\mathrm{C}_{2}\mathrm{H}_{4}) = 5:1 $。 + +解 这不是理想气体,应求逸度系数,先求 $K_f$,再据 $K_f = K_y K_p$ 求 $K_p$ 及最高产率(即平衡产率)。 + +将 $T = 523 \text{ K}$ 代入 $\ln K_f$ 公式, 则 + +根据 Newton 图求得下列数据($p^* = 101.325$ kPa) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
组分C2H4H2OC2H5OH
Tc/K283.1647516.3
pc/p*50.5218.363.0
Tr1.850.8081.01
pt0.6730.1560.54
γ0.980.860.80
+ diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00066.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00066.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a2363064fc66cad5ddc706dca4ffd7281d8cee01 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00066.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ + +0.22,为了去掉 $NaHCO_{3}$ 中所含的水分,在 101.325 kPa 下将含有 $H_{2}O$ 气的 $CO_{2}$ 气通过固体 $NaHCO_{3}$,问该气流中水的摩尔分数是多少时才能防止 $NaHCO_{3}$ 分解?($0.67 > x > 0.33$) + +14. 一种制备甲醛的工业方法是使 $CH_3OH$ 和空气的混合气自银催化剂上通过。此时银渐渐失其光泽, 并有一部分成粉状。有人提出一种造成上述变化的分析, 认为生成了 $Ag_2O$, 你认为合理吗? 如果生成 $Ag_2O$, 氧气压力应为多大? +已知: $\Delta_f H_m^\theta (Ag_2O, s, 298 \text{ K}) = -30.59 \text{ kJ} \cdot \text{mol}^{-1}$, $\Delta_f G_m^\theta (Ag_2O, 298 \text{ K}) = -10.84 \text{ kJ} \cdot \text{mol}^{-1}$, $C_{p,m}^\theta (Ag) = 26.78 \text{ J} \cdot \text{K}^{-1} \cdot \text{mol}^{-1}$, $C_{p,m}^\theta (Ag_2O) = 65.69 \text{ J} \cdot \text{K}^{-1} \cdot \text{mol}^{-1}$, $C_{p,m}^\theta (O_2, g) = 31.38 \text{ J} \cdot \text{K}^{-1} \cdot \text{mol}^{-1}$, $T = 500 \text{ K}$。 + +[不能生成,$8.21\times10^{7}$Pa] + +15. 已知反应 + +(1) 2NaHCO$_3$(s) = Na$_2$CO$_3$(s) + H$_2$O(g) + CO$_2$(s) + +$\Delta_{\mathrm{r}} G_{\mathrm{m}}^{\ominus}(1)=(129~076-334.2(T / \mathrm{K})) \mathrm{J} \cdot \mathrm{mol}^{-1}$ + +(2) $\mathrm{NH_{4}HCO_{3}(s)}$ == $\mathrm{NH_{3}(g)} + \mathrm{H_{2}O(g)} + \mathrm{CO_{2}(s)}$ + +$\Delta_{\mathrm{r}} G_{\mathrm{m}}^{\ominus}(2)=(171~502-476.4(T/\mathrm{K}))\mathrm{J}\cdot\mathrm{mol}^{-1}$ + +请解答: + +(1) 计算 298 K 时, 当 $NaHCO_3(s)$、$Na_2CO_3(s)$、$NH_4HCO_3(s)$ 平衡共存时氨的分压 $p(NH_3)$; + +(2) 求指定分压 $p(\text{NH}_3) = 50662.6 \, \text{Pa}$ 时,使 $\text{NH}_4\text{HCO}_3$、$\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3$、$\text{NaHCO}_3$ 平衡共存的温度,若超过此温度,物相将发生何种变化? + +(3) 曾有人设想在 298 K 时利用 NaHCO₃、NaCO₃ 与 NH₄HCO₃ 共同放在一个密闭容器中,以保存 NH₄HCO₃ 免受更大的分解,这种设想能否成立?请以热力学原理讨论。 + +[(1)98.0 kPa,(2)286.2 K,(3)不成立] + +16. 工业上曾用 $Cl_2(g)$ 在 $H_2$ 中“燃烧”制 $HCl$, $\frac{1}{2}H_2 + \frac{1}{2}Cl_2 = HCl$(气相反应), 其火焰温度为 1600 K, 以 $n(H_2)/n(Cl_2) = 1$ 投料。 + +(1) 求 HCl 的最大产率; + +(2) 通过 $\Delta_{r}G_{m}^{\ominus}(298\ \text{K})$ 与 $\Delta_{t}G_{m}^{\ominus}(1600\ \text{K})$ 的比较,得知 $K_{p}^{\ominus}(298\ \text{K})$ 与 $K_{p}^{\ominus}(1600\ \text{K})$ 相差很大,能否据此得出两种情况下产物的最大产率也相差很大的结论,为什么? + +已知 $\Delta_r G_m^\ominus (298\ \text{K}) = -95\ 265\ \text{kJ} \cdot \text{mol}^{-1}$, $\Delta_r H_m^\ominus (298\ \text{K}) = -92\ 311\ \text{J} \cdot \text{mol}^{-1}$。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00067.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00067.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..33aa9400089a4e6478f1e08526670b550677017c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00067.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + +极限情况。所以,准静态过程是经科学抽象后的一种理想化过程,可以当作缓慢进行的实际过程的近似代表。如果准静态过程中无摩擦发生(例如,本例中的活塞与桶壁都非常光滑),这时就称为无摩擦的准静态过程。在热力学理论中,准静态过程占有重要的地位,本例中的(c)过程就是重要的一种准静态过程。 + +在本例中,三种方式的膨胀过程虽然都使体系由相同的始态变到相同的终态,但环境的变化却不相同,它们是属于不同性质的过程,其中准静态过程(c)所需时间较长,但它是最“经济”的过程,这将在热力学第二定律中详细讨论。 + +压缩过程是膨胀过程的反过程,它也是重要的热力学过程。 + +## 2. 变温过程 + +今有 1 mol 氮气,始态为 298 K、$p^{\ominus}$,将它置于压力恒定为 $p^{\ominus}$ 的环境中,现在可用下述两种方式加热体系,使它达到相同的终态 323 K、$p^{\ominus}$。 + +(a) 直接将 298 K、$p^{\ominus}$ 的氮气放在一个 323 K 的热源上加热; + +(b) 在一连串由 298 K 至 323 K 而且相邻两个温差都是无限小的热源上,使体系从 298 K 热源缓慢地移动到 323 K 热源,逐渐升温加热(见图 1.5.2)。 + + + +图 1.5.2 两种加热过程示意图 + +这两种方式加热后,体系的相态与压力未变,但温度和体积变了。前者是等压变温过程,它是非准静态过程;后者是恒压准静态变温过程。 + +等压过程是指体系的始态、终态以及过程进行中体系在任何时刻对抗环境的压力都相同的过程。至于体系的压力,在过程进行中可能没有统一的数值。如果等压过程中体系的压力也维持不变,就称为恒压过程。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00068.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00068.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e4b17b0121aa5f73f3eb29317aed974e1808babd --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00068.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +## 3. 混合过程 + +体系为容器中用隔板隔开的 $1 \, mol \, N_{2}$ 气和 $1 \, mol \, O_{2}$ 气,今假设它们皆为理想气体,分别都处在 $298 \, K$、p 的状态。我们采用两种方式将它混合成相同的终态 $298 \, K$、p 的混合气体。 + +(a)将隔板抽去,两种气体自动混合;(b)用两个半透膜,一个是只允许$N_{2}$透过的半透膜A,放在容器中部偏左,另一个是只允许$O_{2}$透过的半透膜B,放在容器中部偏右。缓慢地将A、B向容器左右两边移动,当移动到靠近器壁后,两气体就完全混合。如果将两个半透膜A、B按反方向向中部移动,就可使混合气体重新分离(见图1.5.3)。 + + + +图 1.5.3 两种混合过程示意图 + +半透膜是只允许特定物质通过的一种物体,自然界实际存在着这种膜,如羊皮、细胞膜、Pt($H_{2}$ 可透过)、分子筛、高分子膜等。在热力学理论中经常引用半透膜讨论问题,这里是经抽象后的理想半透膜,它只能是实际膜的近似代表。 + +## 4. 相变过程 + +今欲使 $1 \, mol \, 373 \, K, p^{\ominus}$ 的水完全变为 $373 \, K, p^{\ominus}$ 的水蒸气,用方程式表示为 + +$H_2O(l, 373\ K, p^\ominus) \rightarrow H_2O(g, 373\ K, p^\ominus)$ + +当然可采用多种方式进行,我们只讨论下面两种: + +(a) 使始态的水与 373 K 的热源接触向真空蒸发; + +(b) 使始态的水与 373 K 的热源接触, 对抗 $p^{\ominus}$ 的恒外压缓慢蒸发. + +经过这两种过程后,体系的温度、压力未变,但相态发生了改变(由液相变为气相)。前者是等温向真空蒸发(或汽化)的过程。后者是恒温恒压的准静态蒸发过程(请思考两者是否为等压过程?)。这些过程的逆过程为凝聚(或液化)过程。因为蒸发或凝聚都是体系的相态发生改变,故统称为相变过程。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00069.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00069.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..795deb42f5fbf1169c100d9ffe2131c12a333a9b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00069.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +$\begin{array}{r l r l r l}&{=\left(\frac{\partial\mu_{2}^{\beta}}{\partial T}\right)_{p,x_{1}^{\beta}}\mathrm{d}T+\left(\frac{\partial\mu_{2}^{\beta}}{\partial p}\right)_{T,x_{1}^{\beta}}\mathrm{d}p+\left(\frac{\partial\mu_{2}^{\beta}}{\partial x_{1}^{\beta}}\right)_{T,p}\mathrm{d}x_{1}^{\beta}}&{\quad(4)}\end{array}$ + +根据$(\partial \mu / \partial T)_p = -S_m, (\partial \mu / \partial p)_T = V_m$,则(3)式、(4)式可改写为 + +$\begin{array}{r l}{-\;S_{1}^{\alpha}\mathsf{d}T+\;V_{1}^{\alpha}\mathsf{d}p+\left(\frac{\partial\mu_{1}^{\alpha}}{\partial x_{1}^{\alpha}}\right)_{T,p}\mathsf{d}x_{1}^{\alpha}=-\;S_{1}^{\beta}\mathsf{d}T+\;V_{1}^{\beta}\mathsf{d}p+\left(\frac{\partial\mu_{1}^{\beta}}{\partial x_{1}^{\beta}}\right)_{T,p}\mathsf{d}x_{1}^{\beta}}&{{}\quad(5)}\end{array}$ + +$-S_{2}^{\alpha}dT+V_{2}^{\alpha}dp+\left(\frac{\partial\mu_{2}^{\alpha}}{\partial x_{1}^{\alpha}}\right)_{T,p}dx_{1}^{\alpha}=-S_{2}^{\beta}dT+V_{2}^{\beta}dp+\left(\frac{\partial\mu_{2}^{\beta}}{\partial x_{1}^{\beta}}\right)_{T,p}dx_{1}^{\beta}\quad(6)$ + +(5) 式、(6) 式也可以 Gibbs-Duhum 公式直接写出,此处主要是为了介绍微元法。 + +根据偏摩尔量(此处即化学势)微商相关性公式 + +$x_{1}^{e}\left(\frac{\partial \mu_{1}^{e}}{\partial x_{1}^{e}}\right)_{T, \rho} + x_{2}^{e}\left(\frac{\partial \mu_{2}^{e}}{\partial x_{1}^{e}}\right)_{T, \rho} = 0\quad(7)$ + +$$x_{1}^{\beta}\left(\frac{\partial\mu_{1}^{\beta}}{\partial x_{1}^{\beta}}\right)_{T,p}+x_{2}^{\beta}\left(\frac{\partial\mu_{2}^{\beta}}{\partial x_{1}^{\beta}}\right)_{T,p}=0 \tag{8}$$ + +可得 + +$$\left(\frac{\partial\mu_{2}^{\alpha}}{\partial x_{1}^{\alpha}}\right)_{T,P}=-\frac{x_{1}^{\alpha}}{x_{2}^{\alpha}}\left(\frac{\partial\mu_{1}^{\alpha}}{\partial x_{1}^{\alpha}}\right)_{T,P}\tag{9}$$ + +$$\left(\frac{\partial\mu_{2}^{\beta}}{\partial x_{1}^{\beta}}\right)_{T,p}=-\frac{x_{1}^{\beta}}{x_{2}^{\beta}}\left(\frac{\partial\mu_{1}^{\beta}}{\partial x_{1}^{\beta}}\right)_{T,p}\tag{10}$$ + +将(9)式、(10)式代入(6)式,可得 + +$-S_{2}^{e}dT+V_{2}^{e}dp-\frac{x_{1}^{e}}{x_{2}^{e}}\left(\frac{\partial\mu_{1}^{e}}{\partial x_{1}^{e}}\right)_{T,p}dx_{1}^{e}$ + +$= - S_2^\beta \mathrm{d}T + V_2^\beta \mathrm{d}p - \frac{x_1^\beta}{x_2^\beta} \left( \frac{\partial \mu_1^\beta}{\partial x_1^\beta} \right)_{T,p} \mathrm{d}x_1^\beta \quad (11)$ + +(11) 式乘以 $x_2^a/x_1^a$, 得到 + +$$ +\begin{aligned}\frac{x_2^{\mathfrak{g}}}{x_1^{\mathfrak{g}}}[(\,S_2^{\mathfrak{g}}-S_2^{\mathfrak{g}})d\,T+( \,V_2^{\mathfrak{g}}-V_2^{\mathfrak{g}})d\,p]\,-\left(\frac{\partial \mu_1^{\mathfrak{g}}}{\partial x_1^{\mathfrak{g}}}\right)_{T,\,p}\,dx_1^{\mathfrak{g}}+\frac{x_2^{\mathfrak{g}}x_1^{\mathfrak{g}}}{x_1^{\mathfrak{g}}x_2^{\mathfrak{g}}}\left(\frac{\partial \mu_1^{\mathfrak{g}}}{\partial x_1^{\mathfrak{g}}}\right)_{T,\,p}\,dx_1^{\mathfrak{g}}=0\\(12)\end{aligned} +$$ + +将(5)式改写为 + +$$ +(S^{\beta}_{1}-S^{a}_{1})dT+(V^{a}_{1}-V^{\beta}_{1})dp+\left(\frac{ \partial\mu^{a}}{\partial x^{a}_{1}}\right)_{T,\rho}dx^{a}_{1}=\left(\frac{ \partial\mu^{b}}{\partial x^{b}_{1}}\right)_{T,\rho}dx^{b}_{1}\qquad(5^{'}) +$$ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00070.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00070.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4fad069d50c6566924924129521b1dbae86d3c07 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00070.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +续表 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
平衡常数van't Hoff 方程或$Planck-Laar$方程
微分式积分式
$a_{A.x}/f_{A}$$\text {din}\left(f_{A}/a_{A,s}\right)=1$$f_{A}=f_{A}^{*}a_{A,x}-\ln a_{A}=\Delta f_{A}/f_{A}^{*}$
$a_{A}$$\left(\partial \ln a_{A}/\partial T\right)_{p}=\Delta _{n}^{1}H_{m,A}/RT^{2}$$-\ln a_{A}=\left(\Delta _{n}^{1}H_{m,A}^{*}/R\right)\left(1/T-1/T_{L,A}\right)$
$a_{A}$$\left(\partial \ln a_{Λ}/\partial T\right)_{p}=-\Delta _{1}^{8}H_{m,Λ}/RT^{2}$$-\ln a_{A}=(\Delta FH_{m,A}^{*}/R)(1/T_{b,A}-1/T)$
$a_{A}$$\left(\partial \ln a_{A}/\partial p\right)_{T}=-V_{m,A}^{*,1}/RT$$-\ln a_{A}=(p_{A}-p_{A}^{*})V_{m,A}^{*1}/RT$
+ +由表 6.9.1 可知,平衡法用了最简捷的办法导出了依数性的公式,再经过合理的近似处理,可得到四种依数性之间的关系。 + +$- \ln x_1 = x_2 = \frac{\Delta_{\mathrm{f}}^{\mathrm{g}} H_{\mathrm{m}}^{*}}{R T_{\mathrm{b}}^{2}} \Delta T_{\mathrm{b}} = \frac{\Delta_{\mathrm{v}}^{\mathrm{l}} H_{\mathrm{m}}^{*}}{R T_{\mathrm{f}}^{2}} \Delta T = \frac{V_{\mathrm{A}}^{* - 1}}{R T} = \frac{\Delta p_{\mathrm{A}}}{p_{\mathrm{A}}^{*}} \quad (6.9.1)$ + +式(6.9.1)反应的稀溶液四种依数性都是溶液内在性质在不同条件下的表现,由平衡条件和化学势等温式不难推得。 + +$V_{A}\Pi = RT\ln(p_{A}^{*}/p_{A})$ (6.9.2) + +式(6.9.2)说明:渗透压是为使溶剂A之蒸气压提高到与纯A相同时所需施加于溶液之外压力。 + +依数性提供了由易测性质求难测性质的途径,如可测定相变焓或化合物的相对分子质量,不过较为精确的方法属渗透压法,对于293 K、0.001 mol·kg$^{-1}$溶液的依数性数值对比如下: + +蒸气压降低$Δp≈3×10^{-2}\ \text{Pa}$, 凝固点降低$ΔT≈0.002\ \text{K}$, 渗透压$Π=2.4\ \text{kPa}$。 + +尽管渗透压较易测量,但从技术上得到一份理想的半透膜并不是易事,高分子合成化学之发展提供了合成满足特种需要的半透膜的可能性。 + +## §6.10 三组分体系相平衡热力学 + +## 6.10.1 分配定律与串级萃取 + +大量实验证明,在一定温度和压力下,物质A在两种互不相溶液体中溶解,且分子形态相同,在稀溶液时,A在两种液相中的平衡浓度之比等于常数,这就是稀溶液的分配定律。若$x_{A}^{\alpha}, x_{A}^{\beta}$分别为物质A在$\alpha$和$\beta$相中的摩尔分数,则 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00071.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00071.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8e9b291aae465d9671b7569c0697bac1bb4bf950 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00071.md @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +$T_{\mathrm{m}}$,现证明如下。 + +设宇宙的膨胀是绝热的,则热力学第一定律为 dU = -pdV,其根据为选一个典型区,虽有外界,但宇宙处处均匀,故可代表整个宇宙,设 $p_{r}$ 为辐射压,n 为粒子数密度,m 为粒子的静质量,并设 $\rho$ 为密度,c 为光速。现将分别从粒子与辐射两个方面来证明。 + +粒子 + +能量密度:$\epsilon_m = \rho_m c^2$ + +物态方程:$\varepsilon_{\mathrm{m}} - nmc^{2} = \frac{3}{2} nkT_{\mathrm{m}}$ + +$p_{\mathrm{m}}=nkT_{\mathrm{m}}$ + +辐射 + +能量密度:$\epsilon_{r}=\rho_{r}c^{2}$ + +物态方程:$p_{r} = \frac{1}{3} \varepsilon_{r}\quad(7.10.1)$ + +绝热膨胀下的粒子: + +$$ +\begin{aligned} +\mathrm { d } U _ { \mathrm { m } } & = \mathrm { d } \left( \frac { 4 } { 3 } \pi R ^ { 3 } \varepsilon _ { \mathrm { m } } \right) \\ +& = - n k T _ { \mathrm { m } } \mathrm { d } \left( \frac { 4 } { 3 } \pi R ^ { 3 } \right) +\end{aligned} +$$ + +$d(R^3 \epsilon_m) = -nkT_md(R^3)$ + +$d(R^3nmc^2) + d(R^3 \cdot \frac{3}{2}nkT_m) = -nkT_m\,d(R^3)$ + +因为粒子数守恒 $dN = d\left(\frac{4}{3}\pi R^3 n\right) = 0$ + +故 $n \propto R^{-3}$, 且 $m$、$c$ 为常数, 可得 + +$\frac{3}{2}R^{3}nd(T_{m})=-nT_{m}d(R^{3})$ + +$\frac{3}{2}\frac{\mathrm{d}T_{\mathrm{m}}}{T_{\mathrm{m}}}=-\frac{\mathrm{d}R^{3}}{R^{3}}$ + +$T_{m}\propto\frac{1}{R^{2}}\quad(7.10.2)$ + +绝热膨胀下的辐射: + +$dU_{r}=d\left(\frac{4}{3}\pi R^{3}\epsilon_{r}\right)=-p_{r}d\left(\frac{4}{3}\pi R^{3}\right)$ + +$R^3 d\epsilon_r + \epsilon_r d(R^3) = -\frac{1}{3} \epsilon_r d(R^3)$ + +$\frac{\mathrm{d}\epsilon_{r}}{\epsilon_{r}}=-\frac{4}{3}\frac{\mathrm{d}(R^{3})}{R^{3}}$ + +$\varepsilon_{t} \propto \frac{1}{R^{4}}$ + +因为 $\varepsilon_{r}\propto T_{r}^{4}$ (辐射热力学) + +$T_{r}\propto\frac{1}{R}\quad(7.10.3)$ + +根据式(7.10.2)及式(7.10.3),随着宇宙的膨胀, $R$ 增大,辐射温度将降低,且反比于宇宙的尺度因子 $R$, 粒子的温度 $T_{\mathrm{m}}$ 也将降低,但反比于宇宙的尺度因子 $R$ 的平方。 + +由上不难得到,即使开始时 $T_r = T_m$,但宇宙膨胀使 $R$ 增加,$T_r$ 下降得慢,$T_m$ 下降得快,致使 $T_r > T_m$,意即宇宙膨胀使本来温度相等的状态变为温度不均的状态。这与热力学第二定律预言的完全相反。于是可说,宇宙的膨胀使宇宙免于热死。 + +以上论证中导致 $T_r \neq T_m$ 的结论是把粒子与辐射 + + + +图 7.10.1 宇宙典型区 + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00072.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00072.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f77e78a31718c5de13faf851df3f497cee50c0a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00072.md @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
能级 $\epsilon_r / \frac{\hbar^2}{2I}$量子数 $J$简并度 $\omega_r = 2J + 1$
30511
2049
1237
625
213
001
+ +(4) 转子的能级是非均匀分布的, 但在经典极限下态密度为常数, 由于 $\frac{\Delta \varepsilon_{j}}{\varepsilon_{j}} \xrightarrow{J \rightarrow \infty{} 0}$, 因而 $J$ 很大时能级可视为连续的, 此时可作为经典转子处理。 + +## §8.5 谐振子的量子态和能级 + +在 Hooke 力作用下振动的质点称为简谐振子,作一维运动时称为一维谐振子,作三维运动时称为三维谐振子。 + +设一维谐振子的质量为 $m$,选 $x$ 轴与振动方向重合,振子平衡点(不受作用力的点)作为坐标 $x$ 的原点,这样,作用在振子上的 Hooke 力为 + +$F = -fx$ + +其中 f 称为(弹)力常数,若选取平衡点的势能为零,则振子的势能函数为 + +$V(x)=\frac{1}{2}f x^{2}$ + +振子的振动频率 $\nu$ 与力常数 $f$ 的关系为 + +$\nu=\frac{1}{2\pi}\sqrt{\frac{f}{m}}\qquad(\omega=2\pi\nu)$ + +求解一维谐振子的 Schrödinger 方程,即得 + +$\psi_{n}(x)=\left[\frac{\alpha}{\sqrt{\pi}2^{n}n!}\right]^{\frac{1}{2}}e^{-\frac{1}{2}\alpha^{2}x^{2}}H_{n}(\alpha x)$ + +其中 $\alpha = \sqrt{m\omega/\hbar}$,$H _ {n}(\alpha x)$ 为 Hermite 多项式,n称为振动量子数,它的取值为 + +$n=0,1,2,\cdots$ diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00073.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00073.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3b4b5209c3f097ad65c909d70ee4a6a363d17385 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00073.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +表中的 $U_{m}^{\ominus}(0K)$ 和 $H_{m}^{\ominus}(0K)$ 分别是 1 mol 物质在假想态 0 K、$p^{\ominus}$ 的内能与焓。对于理想气体,$U_{m}^{\ominus}(0K) = H_{m}^{\ominus}(0K)$,它们的真实值无法确定,只有选定能量零点后才能标定其相对值。由于在实际问题的处理中总是用热力学量的差值,因此不知道 $U_{m}^{\ominus}(0K)$ 与 $H_{m}^{\ominus}(0K)$ 的真实值是无关紧要的。 + +表 10.3.2 标准摩尔热力学函数的统计表达式 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
标准摩尔内能函数$U_{m}^{O}(T)-U_{m}^{O}(0K)=RT^{2}\left(\frac {\partial \ln q^{0}}{\partial T}\right)_{V}$
标准摩尔熵$S_{m}^{\ominus }(T)=R\ln \frac {q^{0}e}{L}+RT(\frac {\partial \ln q^{0}}{\partial T})_{V}$
标准摩尔 Helmholtz 自由能函数$\frac {F_{m}^{\ominus }(T)-U_{m}^{\ominus }(0K)}{T}=-R\ln \frac {q^{0}e}{L}$
标准摩尔焓函数$H_{m}^{0}(T)-H_{m}^{0}(0K)=RT[(\frac {\partial \ln q^{0}}{\partial \ln T})_{V}+(\frac {\partial \ln q^{0}}{\partial \ln V})_{T}]$
标准摩尔Gibbs 自由能函数$\frac {G_{m}^{0}(T)-H_{m}^{0}(0K)}{T}=-R[\ln \frac {q^{0}e}{L}-(\frac {\partial \ln q^{0}}{\partial \ln V})_{T}]$
标准摩尔等容热容$C_{V,m}^{\ominus }(T)=2RT(\frac {\partial \ln q^{\ominus }}{\partial T})V+RT^{2}(\frac {\partial ^{2}\ln q^{\ominus }}{\partial T^{2}})_{V}$
标准摩尔等压热容$C_{p,m}^{m}(T)=C_{V,m}^{0}(T)+R$
+ +最后指出,在统计力学中,配分函数 $q$ 是 $T$、$V$ 为自然变量的特性函数。 + +从表 10.3.1 可见,热力学第二定律状态函数的统计表述形式与粒子是定域子或离域子有关。如果我们定义体系的配分函数 Q 为 + +则有 + +$Q = \Omega e^{-\frac{E}{k_{\mathrm{B}}T}}$ (10.3.10) + +$Q_{\text{定域子}} = q^N \quad(10.3.11)$ + +$Q_{\text{离域子}} = \left( \frac{qe}{N} \right)^N \quad (10.3.12)$ + +这样,用 Q 表示热力学函数,其表观形式对定域子或离域子就无差别,当然这时 Q 是不同的。 + +在这一节的最后,我们还有条件对于任何独立子体系证明 Lagrange 乘因子 $\beta$ 的取值。在 §9.8 中,我们曾以求单原子一维平动的平均能为例证明 $\beta = \frac{1}{k_B T}$。对于任何独立子(即 $E = \sum_i n_i \varepsilon_i$)体系的封闭且只做体积功的微变过程,热力学指出 + +$dS = \frac{1}{T}dE + \frac{p}{T}dV$ + +因此 + +$\left({\frac{\partial S}{\partial E}}\right)_{V}={\frac{1}{T}}$ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00074.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00074.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4f37024edc45e7771fa5f3773e350d5909d07cb5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00074.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +$$\begin{aligned} (C_V)_\nu &= (C_p)_\nu = 2Nk_B T \frac{d \ln q_\nu}{dT} + Nk_B T^2 \frac{d^2 \ln q_\nu}{dT^2} \\ +& = Nk_B \left( \frac{\theta_\nu}{T} \right)^2 \frac{e^{\theta_\nu / T}}{(e^{\theta_\nu / T} - 1)^2} \end{aligned}$$ + +双原子分子的振动特征温度一般都很高(见表 10.8.1),表明振动能级间距较大,占据激发能级的分子数较少。 + +表 10.8.1 某些双原子分子的振动特征温度 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
分 子$\theta_t/K$分 子$\theta_t/K$
H26210HCI4140
N23340Cl2810
O22230Br2470
CO3070I2310
NO2690
+ +现在讨论选其它振动能零点时的配分函数。一个双原子分子振动能的曲线如下图所示(虚线代表谐振子的振动能曲线): + + + +前面已经讨论了选平衡位置为能量零点(这就是选势能曲线最低点为能量零点)的配分函数。显然若选振动基态为能量零点,这时振动能级公式为 + +$\epsilon_{\nu} = nh\nu, \quad n=0,1,2,3,\cdots$ + +相应于该能量零点的振动配分函数为 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00075.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00075.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ad5916210796fe9146e17591f97c95e055c9e1aa --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00075.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ + +4.00 的缓冲溶液时,测得电动势 $E_1 = 0.1120\ \text{V}$。换用另一缓冲溶液(2),$E_2 = 0.3865\ \text{V}$,求 $\text{pH}(2)$。当用 $\text{pH}(3) = 2.50$ 的缓冲溶液时,求 $E_3$? + +解 根据公式$ (22.11.5) $,在298 K时可得: + +$$\mathrm { p H } ( 2 ) = \frac { E _ { 2 } + E _ { 1 } } { 0 . 0 5 9 \ 1 6 \ \mathrm { V } } + \mathrm { p H } ( 1 ) = 8 . 6 4 \qquad \qquad ( 1 )$$ + +根据(1)式, + +$E_3 = E_1 + 0.059\ 16\ \text{V}[\text{pH}(3) - \text{pH}(1)] = 0.023\ 3\ \text{V}$ + +## 参考资料及课外阅读资料 + +1. 博克里斯 JO'M, 德拉齐克 DM 著. 电化学科学. 夏熙译. 北京: 人民教育出版社, 1980 + +2. 杨文治. 电化学基础. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 1982 + +3. Koryta J. Ions, electrodes, and membranes. New York: Wiley, 1992 + +4. 苏文煅.电极/溶液界面双电层分子模型发展.大学化学,1994,9(5):34 + +5. 张五昌. 关于标准氢电极. 大学化学, 1986, 1(1): 32 + +6. Covington A K, Bates R G, Durst D A. Definition of pH scales, standard reference values, and related terminology. Pure Appl Chem, 1985, 57: 531 + +7. Rainer Bausch. Osmotic Pressure and Electiochemical Potentid—A parallol. J Chem Educ, 1995, 72(8): 713 + +8. Feiner A S, McEvoy A J. The Nernst equation. J Chem Educ, 1994, 71:493 + +## 习题 + +1. 电池 $\mathrm{Cu(s)}\left|\mathrm{CuAc}_{2}\left(0.1\ \mathrm{mol}\cdot\mathrm{kg}^{-1}\right)\right|\mathrm{AgAc(s)}$,$\mathrm{Ag(s)}$,在 298 K 时,电动势 $E=0.372\ V$,当温度升至 308 K 时,$E=0.374\ V$。已知 298 K 时,$\varphi(\mathrm{Ag}^{+}\mid\mathrm{Ag})=0.800\ \mathrm{V}$,$\varphi(\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}\mid\mathrm{Cu})=0.340\ \mathrm{V}$。 + +(1) 写出电极反应和电池反应; + +(2) 298 K 时,当电池有 2F 电量流过,$\Delta_r G_m$、$\Delta_r H_m$、$\Delta_r S_m$ 为多少? + +(3) 计算醋酸银 $AgAc$ 的溶度积 $K_{sp}$。 + +$[-71.769\ \text{kJ} \cdot \text{mol}^{-1},\ -60.293\ \text{kJ} \cdot \text{mol}^{-1},\ 38.6\ \text{J} \cdot \text{K}^{-1} \cdot \text{mol}^{-1},\ 2.07 \times 10^{-3}]$ + +2. 电池 $Pt|H_2(p^\Theta)|NaCl(0.01\ mol\cdot kg^{-1})|AgCl|Ag$,已知 $\kappa(AgCl\ 饱和溶液)=2.68\times10^{-4}\ \Omega^{-1}\cdot m^{-1}$,$\kappa(H_2O)=0.84\times10^{-4}\ \Omega^{-1}\cdot m^{-1}$,$U_m^\Theta(Ag^+)=6.42\times10^{-8}\ m^2\cdot V^{-1}\cdot s^{-1}$,$U_m^\Theta(Cl^-)=7.92\times10^{-8}\ m^2\cdot V^{-1}\cdot s^{-1}$,$\varphi^\Theta(Ag^+/Ag)=0.799\ V$,求 298 K 电池的 $E$。[0.757 V] + +3. 电池 $ \text{Hg} | \text{Hg}_2\text{Cl}_2(s) | \text{Br}(aq) | \text{AgBr}(s) | \text{Ag}(s) $ 的标准电动势与温度的关 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00076.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00076.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7ab6c5e7539b09903cdca72e5a27b9fe029a3cab --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00076.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +9. 为测定 $pH$, 设计如下电池: + +Ag|AgCl|HCl(0.100 mol·dm⁻³)|Pt|H⁺(c)|KCl(饱和溶液)|Hg₂Cl₂|Hg + +已知 298 K 时,$\varphi^{\ominus}(\mathrm{Cl}^{-} | \mathrm{AgCl} | \mathrm{Ag})=0.222\ 4 \mathrm{~V}$, $\varphi^{\ominus}\left(\mathrm{Cl}^{-} | \mathrm{Hg}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2} | \mathrm{Hg}\right)=0.241\ 5 \mathrm{~V}, \gamma_{\pm}\left(\mathrm{HCl}, 0.100 \mathrm{~mol} \cdot \mathrm{dm}^{-3}\right)=0.796$, 请推导电池电动势 $E$ 与 $\mathrm{pH}$ 之关系式。[E = -0.459 + 0.059 16pH] + +10. 在 298 K 时,有下列两个电池: + +(1) $\mathrm{Ag}\left|\mathrm{AgCl}(\mathrm{s})\right|\mathrm{HCl}$ 乙醇溶液 $(m_{1})\left|\mathrm{H}_{2}(p^{\ominus})\mathrm{Pt}-\mathrm{Pt}\right|\mathrm{H}_{2}(p^{\ominus})\left|\mathrm{HCl}\right.$ 乙醇溶液 $(m_{2})\left|\mathrm{AgCl}\right|\mathrm{Ag}(\mathrm{s})$ + +(2) Ag|AgCl(s)|HCl 乙醇溶液($m_1$)|HCl 乙醇溶液($m_2$)|AgCl(s)|Ag(s) + +已知 HCl 乙醇溶液的浓度 $m_1$ 和 $m_2$ 分别为 $8.238 \times 10^{-2}$ 和 $8.224 \times 10^{-3}$ $\text{mol} \cdot \text{kg}^{-1}$,两电池电动势分别为 $E_1 = 8.22 \times 10^{-2} \, \text{V}$ 和 $E_2 = 5.77 \times 10^{-2} \, \text{V}$,试求: + +(1) 在两种 HCl 的乙醇溶液中,离子平均活度系数的比值 $\gamma_{\pm,1}/\gamma_{\pm,2}$; + +(2) H⁺ 离子在 HCl 乙醇溶液中的迁移数 $t_+$; + +(3) $H^+$ 和 $Cl^-$ 离子的无限稀释离子摩尔导电率 $\lambda_{H^+}^\infty$ 和 $\lambda_{Cl^-}^\infty$ 的值, 已知 $\lambda_m^\infty(HCl) = 8.38 \times 10^{-3} S \cdot m^2 \cdot mol^{-1}$。 + +[(1) 0.495, (2) 0.702, (3) 0.005 88 S·m²·mol⁻¹, 0.002 5S·m²·mol⁻¹] + +11. 电池:(1) $\mathrm{H}_{2}(\mathrm{~p}^{\ominus}) \mid \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(7 \mathrm{~mol} \cdot \mathrm{kg}^{-1}) \mid \mathrm{Hg}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}, \mathrm{Hg}$ + +(2) $\mathrm{H}_{2}\left(p^{\ominus}\right)\left|\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\left(7 \mathrm{~mol} \cdot \mathrm{kg}^{-1}\right)\right| \mathrm{PbSO}_{4}, \mathrm{PbO}_{2}$ + +在 $25^{\circ}C$,测得电池(1)、(2)的电动势分别为0.5655 V和1.7501 V,又已知(1)、(2)电池的 $E^{\ominus}$ 值依次为0.61515 V和1.68488 V,试求 $25^{\circ}C$ 时,7 mol·kg$^{-1}$ H$_{2}$SO$_{4}$ 溶液中水的活度。[0.545 5] + +12. 请将反应 $H_2(p^\ominus) + Ag_2O(s) = 2Ag(s) + H_2O(l)$ 设计成电池。已知 298 K 时,该反应的恒容热效应为 $-252.79 \, \text{kJ} \cdot \text{mol}^{-1}$,测得所设电池的电动势温度系数为 $-5.044 \times 10^{-4} \, \text{V} \cdot \text{K}^{-1}$,请求算 298 K 时电极 $OH^-(aq) | Ag_2O | Ag$ 的标准电极电势,水的离子积 $K_W = 1 \times 10^{-14}$。[$\varphi^\ominus(OH^-(aq) | Ag_2O | Ag) = 0.7593 \, \text{V}$] + +13. 298 K,分别计算下列两个电池的电动势,并回答其差值属何种电动势? +I $\mathrm{Ag(s)} \mid \mathrm{AgCl(s)} \mid \mathrm{HCl(0.1000 mol \cdot dm^{-3})} \parallel \mathrm{HCl(0.0100 mol \cdot dm^{-3})} \mid$ +$\mathrm{AgCl(s)} \mid \mathrm{Ag(s)}$ + +Ⅱ $\mathrm{Ag(s)\mid AgCl(s)\mid HCl(0.100\ 0\ mol\cdot dm^{-3})\mid HCl(0.010\ 0\ mol\cdot dm^{-3})}$ +$\mathrm{AgCl(s)\mid Ag(s)}$ + +$\mathrm{HCl}(0.100\ 0\ \mathrm{mol}\cdot\mathrm{dm}^{-3})时,\gamma_{\pm}=0.798,t_{+}(\mathrm{H}^{+})=0.8314$ + +$\mathrm{HCl}(0.0100\ \mathrm{mol}\cdot\mathrm{dm}^{-3})\mathrm{时},\gamma_{\pm}=0.906,t_{+}(\mathrm{H}^{+})=0.8251$ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00077.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00077.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..72a59257a92901e94b9cf497364c86e5b287e27f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00077.md @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +## 第12部分 生态学信息 (续) + +## 12.4 在土壤中的迁移性 + +未针对产品确定此项。 + +## 12.5 PBT 和 vPvB 评估结果 + +未针对产品确定此项。PBT(持续的生物积聚和有毒物质):不适用,vPvB(强持久性和强生物积聚性物质):不适用。 + +## 12.6 内分泌干扰特性 + +根据 REACH 法规第 57(f) 条,本产品不含环境内分泌干扰物质。 + +## 12.7 其他不良反应 + +无其他相关信息。 + +## 第13部分 废弃处置 + +## 13.1 废物处理方法 + +## 产品废物处置 + +化学残余物应常规性作为特殊废物处理。本品必须根据相关国家的污染防治法以其他法律处置。为确保合规,我们建议您联系相关(当地)管理机构和/或已经得到授权的废物处理公司,了解详情。 + +## 更多信息 + +无其他相关信息。 + +## 第14部分 运输信息 + +本品运输不受 ICAO、IATA DGR、IMDG、US DOT、欧洲 ADR、RID 以及加拿大 TDG 管辖。 + +14.1 联合国危险货物编号 (UN/ID): 运输无要求 + +14.2 联合国正式运输名称:运输无要求 + +14.3 运输危险等级:运输无要求 + +14.4 包装组别:运输无要求 + +14.5 环境危害:运输无要求 + +14.6 用户特别预防措施:无 + +14.7 根据 IMO 法规进行散装海运:不适用 + +## 第15部分 法规信息 + +## 15.1 针对该物质或混合物的安全性、健康和环境法规/标准 + +## 美国联邦和各州管理条例 + +## SARA 313(章节 313,标题 III:报告要求) + +CAS 编号 26828-22-8 叠氮钠 + +1.0% 微量浓度 + +## CERCLA (The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act [美国环境应对、赔偿和责任综合法]) 40 CFR 302.4 + +CAS 编号 7558-79-4 磷酸氢二钠 + +CAS 编号 26628-22-8 叠氮钠 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00078.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00078.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f2896db4574be2da6438fb73da6b597eb63ac76e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00078.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +在实验3-6中,新制的$Cu(OH)_2$也是一种弱氧化剂,能使乙醛氧化; + +$CH_3CHO + 2Cu(OH)_2 \xrightarrow{\Delta} CH_3COOH + Cu_2O \downarrow + 2H_2O$ + +该反应生成了红色 $Cu_2O$ 沉淀,也可以用来检验醛基。 + +乙醛如在一定温度和催化剂存在的条件下,也能被空气中的氧气氧化成乙酸: + +$\smiles{CC=O}+\smiles{O=O}\xrightarrow[\Delta]{\text{催化剂}}\smiles{CC(=O)O} +$ + +## 资料卡片 + +制取银氨溶液所发生的反应方程式如下: + +$AgNO_3 + NH_3 \cdot H_2O \rightarrow AgOH \downarrow + NH_4NO_3$ + +$AgOH + 2NH_3 \cdot H_2O ——Ag(NH_3)_2OH + 2H_2O$ + +## 2. 加成反应 + +使乙醛蒸气和氢气的混合气体通过热的镍催化剂,乙醛与氢气即发生加成反应: + +$\smiles{CC=O}+\smiles{[H][H]}\xrightarrow[\Delta]{\text{催化剂}}\smiles{CCO} +$ + +乙醛的催化加氢反应也是它的还原反应。 + +## 信息搜索 + +甲醛是一种重要的化工原料,用途十分广泛。但是使用不当会有害于人体健康。请以“甲醛”为关键词,在 Internet 网上搜索资料,根据资料写一篇如何安全使用甲醛的短文。 + + + +## 学与问 + +1. 写出甲醛发生银镜反应,以及与新制的 $\mathrm{Cu(OH)}_{2}$ 反应的化学方程式。 + +2. 乙醛与氢气的加成反应,也可以说乙醛发生了还原反应。为什么? + +3. 结合乙醛的结构,说明乙醛的氧化反应和还原反应有什么特点。 + +## 科学视野 + +## 丙酮 + +羰基($\smiles{CC(C)=O}$)与两个烃基相连的化合物叫做酮($\smiles{*C(=O)*}$)。丙酮($\smiles{CC(=O)C}$)是最简单的酮类化合物,在常温下,丙酮是无色透明的液体,易挥发,具有令人愉快的气味,能与水、乙醇等混溶,丙酮是一种重要的有机溶剂和化工原料。 + +丙酮不能被银氨溶液、新制的 Cu(OH)₂等弱氧化剂氧化,可催化加氢生成醇。 diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00079.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00079.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3d58485224ed8e3478f9519b9b0e24f4ce5b597c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00079.md @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +## 二、酯 + +酯是羧酸分子羧基中的—OH 被—OR'取代后的产物,简写为 RCOOR',其中 R 和 R' 可以相同,也可以不同。低级酯是具有芳香气味的液体,密度一般小于水,并难溶于水,易溶于有机溶剂。酯类广泛存在于自然界,如苹果里含有戊酸戊酯,菠萝里含有丁酸乙酯,香蕉里含有乙酸异戊酯等。日常生活中的饮料、糖果和糕点等常使用酯类香料。 + + + +$\smiles{CC(C)CC(=O)OCC}$ + + + +$\smiles{CCCCCC(=O)OCC}$ + + + +$\smiles{CC(=O)OCCC(C)C}$ + +图 3 18 苹果、菠萝、香蕉中含有酯 + +酯的重要化学性质之一是可以发生水解反应,生成相应的酸和醇。 + +酯 ester + +乙酸乙酯 ethyl acetate + +水解反应hydrolysis reaction + +## 科学探究 + +请你设计实验,探讨乙酸乙酯在中性、酸性和碱性溶液中,以及不同温度下的水解速率。 + +提示:可以通过观察酯层消失的时间差异,来判断乙酸乙酯在不同条件下水解速率的差别。 + + + +图 3 19 乙酸乙酯分子比例模型 + +在酸或碱存在的条件下,乙酸乙酯水解生成了乙酸和乙醇。在酸存在的条件下乙酸乙酯的水解是可逆反应;而在碱性条件下由于生成了乙酸钠,水解反应是不可逆的。反应的化学方程式如下: + +$\text{CH}_3\text{COOC}_2\text{H}_5 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \xrightleftharpoons[\Delta]{\text{稀硫酸}} \text{CH}_3\text{COOH} + \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}$ + +$CH_3COOC_2H_5 + NaOH \xrightarrow{\Delta} CH_3COONa + C_2H_5OH$ + + + +图 3 20 乙酸乙酯的核磁共振氢谱 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00080.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00080.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1aa085bfcaa1f652ebc2e33c90c9f7a127dda812 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00080.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +## 1. 氨基酸的两性 + +氨基酸分子中既含有羧基,又含有氨基,羧基是酸性基团,氨基是碱性基团。因此,氨基酸是两性化合物,能与酸、碱反应生成盐: +$\smiles{NCC(=O)O}+HCI\rightarrow\smiles{ClNCC(=O)O} +$ + +$\smiles{NCC(=O)O}+NaOH\rightarrow\smiles{NCC(=O)O}Na^++H_2O +$ + +## 2. 成肽反应 + +两个氨基酸分子(可以相同, 也可以不同), 在酸或碱的存在下加热, 通过一分子的氨基与另一分子的羧基间脱去一分子水, 缩合形成含有肽键($\smiles{*C(=O)N*}$)的化合物, 称为成肽反应。例如: + +$\smiles{NC[R]C(=O)O}+\smiles{NC[R]C(=O)O}\rightarrow\smiles{NC[R]C(=O)NC[R]C(=O)O}+H_2O +$ + +由两个氨基酸分子脱水后形成的含有肽键的化合物称为二肽。二肽还可以继续与其他氨基酸分子脱水生成三肽、四肽、五肽以至生成长链的多肽。 + +$\smiles{NCC(=O)NC(C)C(=O)NC(C)C(=O)NC(C)C(=O)O}$ + +肽键 peptide bond + +蛋白质 protein + +多种氨基酸分子按不同的排列顺序以肽键相互结合,可以形成千百万种具有不同的理化性质和生理活性的多肽链。相对分子质量在10 000以上的,并具有一定空间结构的多肽,称为蛋白质。 diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00081.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00081.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c4c320a62fe0301101353111f40445827c8dc770 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00081.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +## 1 合成高分子化合物的基本方法 + +## 一、加成聚合反应 + +聚乙烯是一种常用塑料,是由乙烯在一定条件下,通过加成聚合反应(简称加聚反应)得到的高分子化合物,结构呈线型。高分子化合物又称为聚合物。 + +$nCH_2—CH_2 \longrightarrow [CH_2—CH_2]_n$ + +乙烯 聚乙烯 + + + +图 5 1 聚乙烯分子模型 + +加成聚合 addition polymerization + +单体 monomer + +聚乙烯 polyethylene + +链节 chain element + +重复结构单元 constitutional repeating unit + +聚合物 polymer + +聚合度 degree of polymerization + +像乙烯这类能够进行聚合反应形成高分子化合物的低分子化合物被称为单体;高分子化合物中化学组成相同、可重复的最小单位称为链节,也称重复结构单元,聚乙烯的链节为$-CH_{2}CH_{2}-$;高分子链中含有链节的数目称为聚合度,通常用n表示。 + +书写高分子化合物结构式时,将链节写在方括号内,它的聚合度 $n$ 写在方括号外的右下角,如聚乙烯结构简式写为: + + + +聚合物的平均相对分子质量=链节的相对质量 $\times n$。 + +## 思考与交流 + +下表中列出了一些单体及它们的分子式,思考并与同学交流,这些单体的聚合产物是什么,把讨论结果填在表中空白处。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00082.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00082.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2d55b4df3769611fb4b5b596cddabdf955679fd9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00082.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +$n\smiles{OC(=O)CCCCC(=O)O}+n\smiles{OCCO} \xrightleftharpoons{\text{催化剂}} \smiles{[*]OC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCCOC[*]} +(2n-1)H_2O$ + +缩聚反应与加聚反应不同,在生成聚合物的同时,一般伴随有小分子副产物(如$H_2O$等)的生成。作为缩聚反应单体的化合物应至少含有两个官能团。含两个官能团的单体缩聚后生成的缩合聚合物呈现为线型结构。例如,合成纤维锦纶$^{-66}$是由己二酸$HOOC(CH_2)_4COOH$与己二酸$H_2N(CH_2)_6NH_2$缩聚成的线型结构聚合物。 + +## 学与问 + +含有两个官能团的单体缩聚后生成的缩合聚合物呈现为线型结构。含有三个官能团的单体缩聚后生成的缩合聚合物会呈现什么样的结构? + +书写缩合聚合物(简称缩聚物)结构式时,与加成聚合物(简称加聚物)结构式写法有点不同,缩聚物结构式要在方括号外侧写出链节余下的端基原子或原子团,而加聚物的端基不确定,通常用横线“—”表示。 + +$\smiles{[*]OC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCCO[*]}$ + +写缩聚反应方程式时,除单体物质的量与缩聚物结构式的下角标要一致外,也要注意生成小分子的物质的量。由一种单体进行缩聚反应,生成小分子物质的量应为$(n-1)$;由两种单体进行缩聚反应,生成小分子物质的量应为$(2n-1)$。例如: + +$n\text{HOOC(CH}_2\text{)}_5\text{OH} \rightleftharpoons \text{HO} \left[\text{OC(CH}_2\text{)}_5\text{O}\right]_n\text{H} + (n-1)\text{H}_2\text{O}$ + +6 羟基己酸 $\qquad$ 聚 6 羟基己酸酯 + +$n\text{HOOC(CH}_2\text{)}_4\text{COOH} + n\text{HO(CH}_2\text{)}_2\text{OH} \rightleftharpoons \text{HO} \left[ \text{OC(CH}_2\text{)}_4\text{CO-O(CH}_2\text{)}_2\text{O} \right]_n \text{H} + (2n-1)\text{H}_2\text{O}$ + +聚己二酸乙二醇酯 + +## 学与问 + +如果一个聚合物是由缩聚反应得到的,在寻找它的单体时不但要看它的链节结构,还要分析它是通过哪一类有机化学反应缩合的。你能看出下列聚合物是由什么单体缩聚而成的吗? + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00083.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00083.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a59185f0c7f19d729c1cce1ee233e921569ca244 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00083.md @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +表 1-4-6 ABO血型的特点 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
血型红细胞抗原血清中的天然抗体基因型
AAβ${I^A}{I^A}$, $I^A$i
BB$\alpha$${I^B}{I^B}$,$I^B$i
ABA,B-$I^A$$I^B$
O-$\alpha$.βii
+ +人类的 ABO 血型是单基因遗传的,决定于9号染色体(9q34)上的一组复等位基因(multiple alleles)。复等位基因是指在一个基因座位上,不只有两个不同的成员,而是有三个以上的成员(例如,$I^{A}$、$I^{B}$ 和 $i$),然而,对每个人来说,只能有其中的任何两个基因。人类的 ABO 血型决定于 $I^{A}$、$I^{B}$ 和 $i$ 三个基因所构成的复等位基因。基因 $I^{A}$ 对基因 $i$ 为显性,所以,基因型 $I^{A}I^{A}$ 和 $I^{A}i$ 的个体都有 A 型血;基因 $I^{B}$ 对基因 $i$ 也为显性,所以,基因型 $I^{B}I^{B}$、$I^{B}i$ 的个体都有 B 型血;基因型 ii 的个体具有 O 型血。基因型 $I^{A}I^{B}$ 的个体,由于基因 $I^{A}$ 和基因 $I^{B}$ 为共显性,所以为 AB 型血。 + +根据分离律的原理,已知双亲的 ABO 血型,就可以估计出其子女中可能有什么血型和不可能有什么血型(表 1-4-7)。已知母亲和孩子的 ABO 血型,就可以判断父亲可能有什么血型,尤其是不可能有什么血型。这在法医学的亲权鉴定上有一定作用。 + +表1-4-7 双亲和子女之间ABO血型遗传的关系 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
双亲的血型子女中可能有的血型子女中不可能有的血型
$A\times A$A.OB.AB
$A\times O$A.OD.AB
$A\times B$A.B,AB,O-
$A\times AB$A.B.ABO
$B\times B$B.OA,AB
$B\times O$B.OA,AB
$B\times AB$A.B.ABO
$AB\times O$A.BAB,O
$AB\times AB$A,B,ABO
$0\times 0$0A,B,AB
+ +## 四、常染色体隐性遗传 + +一种遗传性状是隐性的,控制它的基因位于1~22号常染色体上,其传递方式就称为常染色体隐性遗传(autosomal recessive inheritance,AR)。 + +常染色体隐性遗传病只有在致病基因纯合体(aa)中才发病。由于致病基因频率低,一般为0.01~0.001,所以,形成纯合体而发病的患者更为少见,仅为1/10 000~1/ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00084.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00084.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..00a5a1ddeaba59a3d6817ab44dfb7557c08eb8f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00084.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +1000 000。 + +常染色体隐性遗传病患者的双亲都是致病基因的杂合体(Aa),他们虽带有一个致病基因(a),但是一般并不发病而是致病基因的携带者(carrier),携带者与携带者婚后所生的子女中,约有¼的个体是患病的个体,也就是说,他们每生一个孩子,都有¼的患病风险(图1-4-11)。这与孟德尔的子1代之间的杂交结果相类似。注意,这样的双亲所生的无病子女中,各有⅔的可能性也是携带者。 + + + +图 1-4-11 两个携带者婚配图解 + +常染色体隐性遗传病的系谱有如下特点: + +1. 患者双亲都无病,他们都是肯定携带者(obligate carrier)。 + +2. 患者同胞中约有$\frac{1}{4}$患病,而且男女患病机会均等。在同胞数量小于4的小家系中,患者的比例偏高,这是选样偏倚造成的。 + +3. 患者的子女中一般无患儿,所以本病看不到连续传递,往往是散发的。 + +4. 近亲婚配时,子女中患病风险比非近亲婚配者高,而且疾病愈少见,这种倾向愈明显。这是由于近亲之间从共同祖先继承了某些相同的致病基因所致。 + +先天聋哑是一种常染色体隐性遗传病,患者由于内耳发育不全而无听觉,不能学习说话,所以聋哑。图1-4-12是一个先天聋哑的系谱。 + + + +图 1-4-12 一个先天聋哑的系谱 + +系谱中,先证者$IV_{1}$的双亲$Ⅲ_3$和Ⅲ₆都不聋哑,但为表兄妹婚配,系谱中也未见到连续传递。所以,系谱特征符合常染色体隐性遗传。 + +这里,我们要讨论两个问题。一个是为什么在实际观察中,AR病患者同胞中的发病比例偏高呢?这主要是选择偏倚造成的。当一对夫妇都是致病基因携带者,如果他们只生一个孩子,这个孩子无病时就不会到医院来就诊,所以,不会被列入医生的统计中;只有当这个孩子患病后才会找医生诊治或咨询,从而被列入医生的统计中。因此,在医 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00085.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00085.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fc48851bc222c540b77ba46f56c9c2a09ddfabf1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00085.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +## 一、萘 + +1. 萘的命名 萘分子命名时,从共用碳原子的邻位开始编号,共用碳原子不编号,其中1、4、5、8四个位置是等同的,叫α-位;2、3、6、7四个位置也是等同的,叫做β-位。α-位的电子云密度比β-位大。 + +$\smiles{c1ccc2ccccc2c1}$ $\smiles{c1ccc2ccccc2c1}$ + +例如: + +$\smiles{c1c(O)cc2ccccc2c1}$ + +$\alpha$-萘酚 + +$\smiles{c1c(Br)cc2ccccc2c1}$ + +$\beta$-溴萘 + +$\smiles{c1c(NO2)cc2c(NO2)cccc2c1}$ + +1,5-二硝基萘 + +$\smiles{c1c(S(=O)(=O)O)cc2ccccc2c1}$ + +2-萘磺酸 + +$\smiles{c1cc(Cl)c2c(Cl)cc(Cl)cc2c1}$ + +1,3,6-三氯萘 + +2. 萘的性质 萘是白色结晶体,熔点 $80.2^{\circ}$C,沸点 $218^{\circ}$C,易升华,不溶于水而溶于有机溶剂。有特殊气味,是重要的有机合成原料。 + +萘的化学性质比苯活泼,能发生与苯类似的反应。 + +(1)亲电取代反应 萘比苯容易发生亲电取代反应,$\alpha$-位上电子云密度高,所以主要取代在$\alpha$-位上。 + + + +萘的溴代不需要路易斯酸催化,硝化的速度比苯快750倍。磺化时低温生 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00086.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00086.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..525d793ef139fc6bb33303d1902bffd8bd197b9a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00086.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +成 $\alpha-$ 萘磺酸,高温生成 $\beta-$ 萘磺酸。把 $\alpha-$ 萘磺酸与硫酸加热至 $165^{\circ}C$ 即可转变为 $\beta-$ 萘磺酸。 + +(2)氧化反应 萘容易被氧化,随反应条件不同生成不同的氧化产物。例如: + +$\smiles{c1ccc2ccccc2c1} \xrightarrow{CrO_3,CH_3COOH}\smiles{O=C1C=CC(=O)c2ccccc12} +$ 1,4-萘醌 + +$\smiles{c1ccc2ccccc2c1} \xrightarrow[400\sim500\text{℃}]{V_2O_5,O_2}\smiles{O=C1OC(=O)c2ccccc12} +$ 邻苯二甲酸酐 + +(3) 加成反应 + +$\smiles{c1ccc2ccccc2c1} \xrightarrow{Na,乙醇}\smiles{c1ccc2CCCCc2c1}\xrightarrow{H2,Pt}\smiles{C1CCC2CCCCC2C1}$ + + +四氢萘与十氢萘都是良好的高沸点溶剂。十氢萘有两种构型异构体,并联处两个碳原子上的氢在环同侧的称为顺十氢萘;在环异侧的称为反十氢萘。电子衍射证明,它们分子中的两个环都以椅式构象存在。 + +$\smiles{C1CC[C@@]2([H])CCCC[C@]2([H])C1}$ + +$\smiles{C1CC[C@@H]2CCCC[C@@H]2C1}$ + +若将个氢萘分子中一个环看作是另一个环上的两个取代基的话,那么在反十氢萘中两个取代基都处于e键;在顺十氢萘中,则一个取代基处于e键,另一个处于a键。因此,反十氢萘比顺十氢萘稳定。 + +## 二、蒽、菲 + +1. 蒽、菲的命名 蒽和菲互为同分异构体,它们的结构式和环上碳原子 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00087.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00087.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9038f2c39cd42d952da576a6876a9ab2280cac3f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00087.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +$(4)\smiles{CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C=O)C1}$ + +$(5)\smiles{C[C@H](O)[C@@H](Br)C(=O)O}$ + +4. 判断下列化合物哪些有旋光性。 + +(1)$\smiles{CC(Br)C(Br)C}$ + +(2)$\smiles{C1C(O)CC(O)CC1}$ + +(3)$\smiles{C[C@]1(O)CC[C@@H](C)CC1}$ + +(4)$\smiles{CC=CC(Cl)Cl}$ + +5. 写出下列旋光异构体的费歇尔投影式。 + +(1) S-1-氯-1-溴丙烷 + +(2) (4S, 2E)-4-甲基-2-己烯 + +(3) (2R, 3S)-3-苯基-2-丁醇 + +(4) (2S, 3R, 4S)-2,3,4,5-四羟基戊醛 + +(5) $S-2-$甲基$-3-$羟基丙酸 + +6. 家蝇的性引诱剂是一个分子式为 $C_{23}H_{46}$ 的烃类化合物,加氢后生成 $C_{23}H_{48}$;用热而浓的 $KMnO_4$ 氧化时,生成 $CH_3(CH_2)_{12}COOH$ 和 $CH_3(CH_2)_7COOH$。它和溴的加成物是一对对映体的二溴代物。试问这个性引诱剂具有何种结构? + +7. 某旋光性物质的浓度是 $0.092 \, \text{g} \cdot \text{mL}^{-1}$,若将该溶液放在 $5 \, \text{cm}$ 长的盛液管中,于 $20^\circ \text{C}$ 下测得旋光度为 $+3.45^\circ$,计算该物质的比旋光度;若将该溶液放在 $10 \, \text{cm}$ 长的盛液管中测定,则应观察到的旋光度是多少? + +8. 薄荷醇和氰戊菊酯具有以下结构,分于中有几个手性碳原子?有几个旋光异构体?可组成多少个外消旋体? + +$\smiles{CC(C)C1CCC(C)CC1O}$ + +薄荷醇 + +$\smiles{CC(C)C(C(=O)OC(C#N)c1cccc(Oc2ccccc2)c1)c3ccc(Cl)cc3} +$ + +氰戊菊酯 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00088.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00088.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..51e2757fdd18439a8cf23a0ed6c4a6838ebd744a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00088.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +的轴线进攻中心碳原子,OH$^{-}$和Br的相互排斥作用才最小。当OH$^{-}$向中心碳原子靠近到一定程度时,OH$^{-}$和碳原子间形成一个微弱的键(以虚线表示),而C—Br键逐渐伸长和变弱,但还没有完全断裂(也以虚线表示)。与此同时,中心碳原子由sp$^{3}$杂化态转变为sp$^{2}$杂化。因此,在过渡状态下,中心碳原子和两个氢原子及甲基在同一平面上,相互间键角为120°,另外一个p轨道分别与OH$^{-}$和Br部分结合。当OH$^{-}$进一步接近中心碳原子时,生成C—O键,而C—Br键完全断裂,生成Br$^{-}$离子,中心碳原子恢复为sp$^{3}$杂化态。整个取代过程就像雨伞被大风由里向外吹反转了一样,得到的产物具有与原来的卤代烷相反的构型。这种构型转化称为瓦尔登(Walden)转化。瓦尔登转化是Sn$_{2}$反应的立体化学特征。例如,R-(−)-2−溴辛烷与氢氧化钠进行Sn$_{2}$反应时发生构型转化得到S-(+)-2-辛醇: + +$HO^- +\smiles{CCCCCCC[C@H](C)Br} \xrightarrow{Sn2} \smiles{CCCCCCC[C@@H](C)O.[Br-]}+ Br^-$ + +$[α]=-34.6°$(光学纯度100%) + +$[\alpha] = +9.9^\circ$(光学纯度100%) + +需要指出的是,卤代烃的两种反应机理在反应中是同时存在和相互竞争的,只是在一定条件下某一反应机理占优势。影响反应机理的因素很多,除卤代烃的结构外,亲核试剂的亲核性、亲核试剂的浓度、溶剂的极性及离去基团等对反应机理也有很大影响。总体上来说,叔卤代烃主要按$S_{N}1$机理进行,伯卤代烃主要按$S_{N}2$机理进行,而仲卤代烃则两种机理都有。 + +思考题7-2 + +(1) 顺-4-溴代环己醇和 NaOH 发生 $S_{N}2$ 反应时,将生成什么产物?若发生 $S_{N}1$ 反应呢? + +(2) 下列卤代烃与乙氧基负离子反应的相对速率为: + +$CH_3Br,$ + +100 + +$CH_3CH_2Br,$ + +6 + +$CH_3CH_2CH_2Br,$ + +2 + +$\smiles{CC(C)CBr}$ + +0.2 + +$\smiles{CC(C)(C)CBr}$ + +0.00002 + +解释在连有卤素的碳原子上的基团大小对反应速率的影响。 + +(3)卤代烷与 NaOH 在 $H_2O-HOC_2H_5$ 溶液中反应,试判断下列情况属于卤代烷的哪种亲核取代反应机理。 + +①产物发生瓦尔登转化;②增加 NaOH 的浓度对反应有利; + +③伯卤代烷的反应活性大于仲卤代烷;④有重排产物生成; + +⑤叔卤代烷的反应活性高于仲卤代烷;⑥反应速度与亲核试剂的性质有直接关系。 + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00089.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00089.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..35edb365bb92f1cd3f51607db2800112ce9eee79 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00089.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +7. 二噁英 二噁英是一类有机氯化物,美国环保局确认的二噁英类物质有30种,其中包括氯代二苯并二噁英(PCDDs)7种,如2,3,7,8-四氯代二苯并二噁英(2,3,7,8-TCDD),氯代二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)10种,如2,3,7,8-四氯代二苯并呋喃(2,3,7,8-TCDF),氯代联苯(PCBs)13种,如2,2′,3,3′,4,4′-六氯联苯。它们总称为二噁英或氯代二噁英。 + +$\smiles{Clc1cc2Oc3cc(Cl)c(Cl)cc3Oc2cc1Cl}$ + +2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并对二噁英(2,3,7,8-TCDD) + +$\smiles{Clc1cc2c(cc1Cl)oc3cc(Cl)c(Cl)cc23}$ + +2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并呋喃(2,3,7,8-TCDF) + +$\smiles{Clc1cc(Cl)c(Cl)c(c1)c2cc(Cl)c(Cl)cc2Cl}$ + +六氯联苯 + +二噁英主要来源于焚烧和化工生产。如城市废弃物、医院废弃物及化学废弃物的焚烧;钢铁和某些金属冶炼以及汽车尾气排放等;另外,氯酚、氯苯、多氯联苯及氯代苯氧乙酸除草剂等的生产过程、制浆造纸中的氯化漂白及其他工业生产中也会产生二噁英。美国EPA的评估报告认为二噁英能引起公众健康长时间、大范围的损害。植物靠根部吸收和叶面沉积的途径累积PCDDs和PCDFs。由于这些物质是强亲脂性的,根部吸收比较少,大部分沉积在植物叶子的表面,因此叶面沉积是农作物污染的主要途径。二噁英类化合物由于下列两个方面的原因造成对环境的特殊影响:首先,二噁英具有超长的物理、化学、生物降解期,需要几十年甚至更长时间才能被分解;其次,由于在环境中长时间的积累,结果能在水体沉淀物和食物链中达到非常高的水平。由于它们有较长的半衰期以及能通过大气长距离的转移,因此可以说二噁英无处不在。 + +## 习题 + +1. 用系统命名法命名下列各化合物: + +$(1)$ + +$(CH_3)_2CHCH_2C(CH_3)_2CH_2Cl$ + +$(2) \smiles{CC(Br)C(CCl)CCC}$ + +$(3)$ + +$\text{CH}_3\text{C} \equiv \text{CCH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}$ + +$(4)$ + +$\smiles{CC=C(CC)CBr}$ + +$(5)$ + +$\text{ClCH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}=\text{CH}_2$ + +$(6)\smiles{C1=CC(Br)CCC1}$ + +$(7)\smiles{c1(C)ccc(CCl)cc1}$ + +$(8)\smiles{c1(Cl)ccc(CF2)cc1}$ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00090.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00090.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fe272a393d482da3f96284e88fe12f450ac1d23b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00090.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +体状态时,分子之间通过氢键而缔合,它们的分子实际上是以“分子缔合体”形式存在: + +$\smiles{CO[SiH](C)O[SiH](O[SiH](O[SiH](C)O[SiH](C)O[SiH](C)O[SiH](C)O[Sn]1CCCCC1)[Sn]1CCCCC1)[Sn]1CCCCC1}$ + +要使液态的醇变为蒸气(单分子状态),不仅要破坏分子间的范德华引力,还必须消耗一定的能量破坏氢键(氢键O—H…O的键能为21~30 kJ·mol⁻¹),这是醇具有高沸点的原因。醇分子中烃基的存在对缔合有阻碍作用,烃基越大,位阻作用也越大。因此直链饱和一元醇的沸点随分子质量的增加与相应的烷烃愈来愈接近。10个碳以上的醇与相应烷烃已比较接近了。 + +低级醇能与水形成氢键,故能与水混溶。但烃基越大,醇羟基与水分子形成的氢键就越弱,醇的溶解度渐渐由取得支配地位的烃基所决定,因而在水中的溶解度渐渐减小至不溶。高级醇与烷烃极相似,不溶于水,易溶于非极性溶剂中。 + +低级醇还能和一些无机盐类($MgCl_{2}$、$CaCl_{2}$、$CuSO_{4}$ 等)形成结晶状的分子化合物,称为结晶醇化物,如 $MgCl_{2}\cdot6CH_{3}OH$,$CaCl_{2}\cdot4C_{2}H_{5}OH$,$CaCl_{2}\cdot4CH_{3}OH$ 等。结晶醇不溶于有机溶剂而溶于水,常利用这一性质分离提纯醇或除去混合物中混杂的少量低级醇。例如,工业用的乙醚中常含有少量乙醇,可用 $CaCl_{2}$ 与乙醇生成结晶醇化物而将其除去。基于同样理由,除去乙醇中微量水不可用 $CaCl_{2}$。 + +## 三、醇的化学性质 + +醇的化学性质主要由羟基官能团决定,同时也受到烃基的一定影响。醇分子中C—O键和O—H键都是极性键,这是醇易于发生反应的两个部位: + +$\smiles{[R]CO}$ + +1. 与活泼金属的反应 醇羟基上的氢具有一定的酸性,能和活泼金属如 Na、K、Mg(加热)、Al(加热)等发生反应,放出氢气。 + +$C_2H_5OH \xrightarrow{Na} C_2H_5ONa + H_2$ + +醇与金属钠的反应比水与金属钠的反应要缓和得多,表明醇是比水弱的 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00091.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00091.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..08da2442813808a1a87fc1b5980c921665d7b397 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00091.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +酸。由于烷基的推电子效应,增加了醇分子中氧原子周围的电子云密度,O—H键上的氢原子受到的束缚力加大,使得氢不易被取代。邻近羟基碳原子上的烷基增多,氧原子上的电子云密度增大,O—H键的极性减小,酸性随之减弱,与钠的反应活性也随之降低。故醇的酸性及与活泼金属反应活性的顺序为; + +$H_2O>CH_3OH>RCH_2OH>R_2CHOH>R_3COH$ + +醇的酸性比水小,其共轭碱 RO⁻ 的碱性比 OH⁻ 大。醇钠遇水立即水解生成醇和氢氧化钠: + +$RCH_2ONa\xrightarrow{H_2O}RCH_2OH+NaOH$ + +醇钠在有机合成中用作碱性试剂,也常用作分子中引入烃氧基(RO—)的亲核试剂。 + +2. 与氢卤酸的反应 氢卤酸与醇反应生成卤代烷和水,这是制备卤代烃的重要方法; + +$R-OH \xrightarrow{HX} R-X + H_2O (X=Cl、Br、I)$ + +反应中醇的 C—O 键断裂,羟基被卤原子取代,属于亲核取代反应。C—OH 键断裂较难,需要酸的催化,使羟基质子化后以水分子的形式离去。醇的反应活性是烯丙式(或苄基式)醇 > 3°醇 > 2°醇 > 1°醇;氢卤酸的反应活性是 HI > HBr > HCl。例如,一级醇与氢碘酸(47%)一起加热就可以生成碘代烃;与氢溴酸(48%)作用时必须在硫酸作用下加热才能反应;与浓盐酸作用时必须有氯化锌存在并加热才能反应。而 3°醇和烯丙式(或苄基式)醇在室温下和浓盐酸一起震荡就可以反应: + +$\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{OH} \xrightarrow[\Delta]{\text{HBr},\ \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4} \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{Br}$ + +$\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{OH} \xrightarrow[\Delta]{\text{HCl, ZnCl}_2} \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}$ + +$(CH_{3})_{3}COH\xrightarrow{浓HCl}(CH_{3})_{3}CCl$ + +实验室常用卢卡斯(Lucas)试剂(浓盐酸和无水氯化锌配成的溶液)来区别不同级别的醇。低级一元醇($C_{6}$ 以下)能溶于卢卡斯试剂中,其氯代物不溶。从出现浑浊所需的时间可以鉴别出伯、仲、叔醇。 + +伯醇、仲醇、叔醇 + +$\xrightarrow{\text{卢卡斯试剂}}$ + +加热后出现浑浊;静置几分钟后出现浑浊;很快出现浑浊 + +醇与氢卤酸的反应是酸催化下的亲核取代反应,一般认为烯丙式(或苄基式)醇、叔醇、仲醇是按$S_N1$反应机理进行: + +$(CH_3)_3C-OH + HX \rightleftharpoons (CH_3)_3C-\overset{+}{O}H_2 + X^-$ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00092.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00092.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5eae2bd48386710c03246ae0c74f57376772abda --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00092.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +燃,蒸气和空气混合到一定比例时,遇火引起爆炸,蒸气遇到热的金属(如铁丝网)也会着火。因此,使用时需保持室内通风良好,蒸馏乙醚应用水浴加热,避开明火。乙醚中一般含少量的水和乙醇,可先用固体 CaCl₂,再用金属钠(钠丝)干燥。除去微量的水和醇,得到无水乙醚。为防止乙醚的自动氧化,可加极少量的抗氧化剂。 + +乙醚微溶于水,能溶解很多种有机物,化学性质稳定,是常用的有机溶剂。乙醚对生物体有较强的麻醉作用,曾在临床医学上作为全身麻醉剂。 + +2. 环氧乙烷 环氧乙烷为无色有毒气体,沸点为 $11^{\circ}$C,可与水互溶,与空气混合形成可爆炸气体。环氧乙烷可由乙烯催化氧化制取: + +$\smiles{C=C}\xrightarrow[250\text{℃}]{O2/Ag}\smiles{C1CO1}$ + +环氧乙烷化学性质非常活泼,是很重要的有机合成中间体。 + +$\smiles{C1CO1}\xrightarrow{H_2O}\smiles{OCCO}$ + +$\smiles{C1CO1}\xrightarrow{HBr}\smiles{OCCBr}$ + +$\smiles{C1CO1}\xrightarrow{NH_3}\smiles{OCCN}$ + +$\smiles{C1CO1}\xrightarrow{ROH}\smiles{OCCO[R]}$(乙二醇醚) + +$\smiles{C1CO1}\xrightarrow[干醚]{RMgX}\smiles{[R]CCO[Mg][X]} +\xrightarrow{H_2O}\smiles{OCC[R]}$ + +由环氧乙烷生成的乙二醇、乙醇胺、乙二醇醚等都是重要的化工产品。如乙二醇醚具有醇和醚的性质,是良好的有机溶剂,常制溶纤素,广泛用于纤维素酯和油漆工业;乙二醇是制涤纶聚对苯二甲酸二乙二醇酯的原料;乙醇胺可作为溶剂、乳化剂及合成洗涤剂的原料。环氧乙烷与格氏试剂反应是制备伯醇的重要方法。 + +3. 冠醚 冠醚是20世纪70年代新发展的具有特殊络合性能的环醚类化合物。它们的结构特征是分子中具有$-OCH_{2}CH_{2}$ 重复单位,由于形状似皇冠,故统称冠醚(grown ethers)。 + +$\smiles{C1OCCOCCOCCOCCOC1}$ + +·15-冠-5 + +$\smiles{C1OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOC1}$ + +18-冠-6 + +这类化合物有特定的简化命名法(另有系统命名法),名称为X-冠-Y,X表示环上原子的总数,Y表示环上氧原子的总数。 diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00093.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00093.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..18d73b4ca4e6e9e6113b7359c0d10dff0db8d943 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00093.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +硫醚的官能团是硫醚键 C—S—C。硫醚的命名同样是在相应的含氧醚的“醚”字前加一“硫”字即可: + +$CH_{3}SCH_{3}$ + +(二)甲硫醚 + +$CH_{3}SCH_{2}CH_{3}$ + +甲乙硫醚 + +$\smiles{O=C(SC)c1ccccc1}$ + +苯甲硫酯 + +$\smiles{CC(SC)CCC}$ + +2-甲硫基戊烷 + +## 二、硫醇、硫酚和硫醚的物理性质 + +硫醇是具有特殊臭味的化合物,低级硫醇有毒,有极其难闻的臭味。乙硫醇在空气中的浓度为 $5 \times 10^{-10} \, \text{g} \cdot \text{L}^{-1}$ 即能为人所感觉。黄鼠狼散发出的防护剂中就含有丁硫醇。燃料气中加人极少量的三级丁硫醇,稍有泄露,即可闻到臭味从而提醒人们。随着硫醇的分子质量增大,臭味逐渐变弱。 + +硫的电负性比氧小,外层电子离核较远,所以硫醇(或硫酚)的巯基之间相互作用弱,形成氢键的能力比相应的醇和酚弱,故沸点较低。如甲硫醇的沸点为$6^{\circ}C$,而甲醇的沸点为$64.7^{\circ}C$;硫酚的沸点为$168^{\circ}C$,苯酚的沸点为$182^{\circ}C$。巯基不能与水形成氢键,故水溶性很弱,乙醇能与水混溶,而乙硫醇在100g水中仅能溶解1.5g。 + +硫醚为无色有臭味液体。沸点比相应的醚高,如甲醚的沸点为$-24.9^\circ C$,甲硫醚的沸点为$37.6^\circ C$。硫醚不能与水形成氢键,不溶于水,可溶于醇和醚中。 + +## 三、硫醇、硫酚和硫醚的化学性质 + +1. 硫醇和硫酚的化学性质 硫醇和硫酚与醇和酚结构相似,化学性质有相似的地方,但也有差别。 + +(1)酸性 硫醇、硫酚的酸性比相应的醇、酚要强得多。例如,乙硫醇的 $pK_{a}$ 为 10.5,难溶于水,易溶于稀的氢氧化钠水溶液,生成乙硫醇钠;而乙醇 $\left(\mathrm{pK}_{\mathrm{a}}=18\right)$ 不能与碱溶液反应。硫醇与碱反应生成的化合物称为硫醇盐。 + +$\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{SH} \xrightarrow{\text{NaOH}} \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{SNa}$ + +硫醇还可与汞、铜、银、铅等重金属离子形成不溶于水的硫醇盐。如: + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00094.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00094.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..659720af3f40062b399bbe7654d50652506ef09e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00094.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +(2) 2-丁醇→2-甲基-2-丁烯 + +8. 用指定原料合成下列化合物(不多于两个碳的有机化合物可任意选用)。 + +(1)$\smiles{CC(C)(C)O}\rightarrow\smiles{CC(C)(C)CCO} +$ + +(2)$\smiles{CCCCO}\rightarrow\smiles{CCC(C)OC(C)=O} +$ + +(3)$\smiles{CCCCO}\rightarrow\smiles{CCCC(=O)O} +$ + +9. 用适当的化学方法将下列混合物中的少量杂质除去。 + +(1) 乙醚中含有少量乙醇 + +(2) 乙醇中含有少量水 + +(3) 环己醇中含有少量苯酚 + +10. 有一化合物(A)$C_{5}H_{11}Br$ 和 NaOH 水溶液共热后生成 $C_{5}H_{12}O$ (B)。 + +(B) 具有旋光性,能和金属钠反应放出氢气,和浓 $H_2SO_4$ 共热生成 $C_5H_{10}$ (C), + +(C) 经臭氧化和在还原剂存在下水解,生成丙酮和乙醛,试推测 (A)、(B)、 + +(C) 的结构,并写出各步反应式。 diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00095.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00095.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4055ef4b40c5bdf2326b9fb67b40d6cf2f097558 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00095.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +思考题 9-3 完成下列转化: + +$\smiles{CC(=O)}\longrightarrow \smiles{CC(O)C1CCCCC1}$ + +$\smiles{c1ccccc1[Mg][Br]} \longrightarrow \smiles{c1ccccc1(C(O)(C)CC)}$ + +(3)与亚硫酸氢钠的加成反应 亚硫酸氢钠是一种含硫的、较弱的亲核试剂。醛、脂肪族甲基酮和碳原子数少于8个的脂环酮能与过量的亚硫酸氢钠饱和溶液发生加成反应,生成α-羟基磺酸钠。 + +$\smiles{[R]C=O}+NaHSO_3\rightleftharpoons\smiles{OC([R])S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+]} +$ + +此反应是可逆的,加入过量的亚硫酸氢钠,可使平衡向右移动。α-羟基磺酸钠具有无机盐的性质,易溶于水,不溶于有机溶剂和饱和的亚硫酸氢钠溶液,以白色结晶析出。α-羟基磺酸钠与稀酸或稀碱共热,能分解为原来的醛、酮。利用此反应可以鉴别醛、甲基酮或碳原子数少于8个的脂环族酮,也可以从混合物中分离和提纯醛、甲基酮或碳原子数少于8个的脂环族酮。 + +$\smiles{[R]C(O)(C)S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+]}\xrightarrow[\Delta]{HCI}\smiles{[R]C(=O)C}+NaCl+ +SO_2↑+H_2O$ + +$\smiles{[R]C(O)(C)S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+]}\xrightarrow[\Delta]{Na_2CO_3}\smiles{[R]C(=O)C}+ +Na_2SO_3+CO_2↑+H_2O$ + +(4)与醇的加成反应 醇是一种含氧的弱亲核试剂,在无水氯化氢的催化作用下,可与醛发生加成反应,生成半缩醛。半缩醛一般不稳定,可继续反应生成稳定的缩醛,此反应是可逆的。 + +$\smiles{[R]C(=O)}+ROH\xrightleftharpoons{\text{无水HCl}}\smiles{[R]C(O)O[R]}半缩醛 +\xrightleftharpoons{\text{ROH/无水HCl}}\smiles{[R]C(O[R])O[R]}缩醛+H_2O +$ + +缩醛对碱、氧化剂和还原剂都比较稳定,但在稀酸中易水解为原来的醛和醇。所以,在有机合成中常利用该性质来保护活泼的醛基。 diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00096.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00096.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6d97ff4d6b5ae39fb1f5fa9feb26f7311e343a57 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00096.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +$ \rightarrow {\smiles{Cc1ccc(Cl)cc1} } + \text{N}_2 + \text{CuCl}_2 $ + +用类似的方法可以得到溴化物。重氮盐和碘化钾直接反应,无需加碘化亚铜即能生成产率较好的碘化物。如改用氰化亚铜$\left[\mathrm{Cu}_{2}(\mathrm{CN})_{2}\right]$可把氰基导入苯环上,例如由邻甲基苯胺通过这个反应可制得邻甲基苯甲腈。 + +$\smiles{c1(C)c(N)cccc1} \xrightarrow{\text{HCl+NaNO2+Cu2(CN)2 6+KCN}} \smiles{c1(C)c(CN)cccc1} $ + +(2) 重氮基被烷基和氢原子取代。 + +重氮基团氢取代 + +反应产物变苯醛 + +芳香重氮盐同醇反应既有重氮基被氢原子取代的反应,又有被烷氧基取代的反应。前者是一种氧化还原反应,重氮盐被还原,醇被氧化为醛: +$\smiles{c1(N2Cl)ccccc1} + C_2H_5OH \longrightarrow \smiles{c1ccccc1} + CH_3CHO + N_2$ + +后者得到苯酯醚(乙氧基苯)。 + +$\smiles{c1(N2Cl)ccccc1}+C_2H_5OH\longrightarrow\smiles{c1(OCC)ccccc1}+HCl+N_2$ + +实践证明,简单的苯的重氮盐,重氮基主要被烷氧基取代, + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00097.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00097.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c5c0880ff5ad763513bfb606cd6cab1fdb9974b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00097.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +29、在电化学中,$E^{\ominus}=\frac{RT}{nF}\ln K^{\ominus}$,因平衡常数$K^{\ominus}$与反应方程式的写法有关,故电动势$E^{\ominus}$也应该与氧化还原反应方程式的写法有关。() + +30、Cu 原子的价层电子构型是 $4s^{1}$。() + +## 二、单项选择题:将正确答案代码填入题末的括号内。 + +## (本大题分 23 小题,每小题 2 分,共 46 分) + +1、差异充气腐蚀属于() + +A. 均匀腐蚀 B. 化学腐蚀 C. 电化学腐蚀 D. 析氢腐蚀 + +2、首先建立原子核外电子运动波动方程式的科学家是() + +A. 玻尔 B. 薛定谔 C. 普朗克 D. 吉布斯 + +3、在 101.325 kPa 压力下,加热 0.010 mol·kg$^{-1}$ 的蔗糖水溶液至开始沸腾的一瞬间,该溶液的温度是() + +A. =100℃ B. <100℃ C. >100℃ D. 不可确定 + +4、下列分子中电偶极矩最大的是 ( ) + +A. HCl +B. H₂ +C. HI +D. CO₂ + +5、可适合选作磨料的物质是 +( ) + +A. BaO +B. SiH₄ +C. SiC +D. CrO₃ + +6、用氨水可把固体 AgI 和 AgBr 的混合物分离,其中 AgBr 固体溶解于氨水,而 AgI 固体不溶。引起这两种物质在氨水中溶解度差别的原因是 ( ) + +A. $K _ {\varphi}^{\ominus}$(AgBr)$>K _ {\varphi}^{\ominus}$(AgI) + +B. $K _ {\varphi}^{\ominus}$(AgBr)$<K _{\varphi}^{\ominus}$(AgI) + +C. $K^{\ominus}$ (稳,$[\text{Ag(NH} _ 3) _ 2]^+$) 较大 + +D. $K^{\ominus}$ (不稳,$[\text{Ag(NH} _ 3) _ 2]^+$) 较大 + +7、在一定压力下,液体在沸点温度下沸腾气化后,下列物理量中,其数值增加的是() + +A. 系统的熵 +B. 该液体的气化热 +C. 系统的吉布斯函数 +D. 该液体的蒸气热 + +8、反应 $2SO_{2}(g)+O_{2}(g)=2SO_{3}(g)$ 在 853 K 达到平衡时的气体分压力:$SO_{2}$ 为 22.4 kPa,$O_{2}$ 为 33.0 kPa,$SO_{3}$ 为 46.0 kPa,则此温度下上述反应的标准平衡常数 $K^{\ominus}$ 的数值为() + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00098.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00098.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a0b5fb532d6fbdb16e7282f930a3289738889b71 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00098.md @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +## 有机化学部分: + +## 一. 选择题(每题2分,总计20分) + +1. 下列化合物中沸点最高的是( ) + +A. 2-甲基己烷 B. 庚烷 C. 2,2-二甲基戊烷 D. 2,2,3-三甲基丁烷 + +2. 下列碳正离子中最不稳定的是( ) + +$$\begin{array}{cccc} +\text{A. } \smiles{C1CC2CC1[C+]2} & \text{B. } \smiles{C1CC2(CC1)[C+]} & \text{C. } \smiles{C1CC2CCC1[C+]2} & \text{D. } \smiles{C1CC[CH+]CC1} +\end{array}$$ + +3. 下列化合物中有手性的是( ) + +$$\begin{array}{ccc} +\text{A. } \smiles{OC(=O)C1CC2(C1)CC(C2)C(=O)O} & \text{B. } \smiles{Br[C@H]1CC[C@@H](Br)CC1} & \text{C. } \smiles{OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(=O)O} +\end{array}$$ + +4. 下列化合物中有芳香性的是( ) + +$$\begin{array}{cccc} +\text{A. } \smiles{C1=CCC=C1} & \text{B. } \smiles{C1=CC=CC=CC=CC=CC=CC=C1} & \text{C. } \smiles{C1=CSC=C1} & \text{D. } \smiles{C1=CC=CC(=C)C=C1} +\end{array}$$ + +5. 下列烯烃发生亲电加成反应时活性最高的是( )。 + +A. $Cl_{2}C=CH_{2}$ B. $CF_{3}CH=CH_{2}$ C. $\{CH_{3}\}_{2}C=CHCN$ D. $\{CH_{3}\}_{2}C=CH_{2}$ + +6. 下列化合物发生 Frield-Crafts 反应时活性最高的是() + +$$\begin{array}{cccc} +\text{A. } \smiles{COC1=CC=CC=C1} & \text{B. } \smiles{[O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1} & \text{C. } \smiles{ClC1=CC=CC=C1} & \text{D. } \smiles{OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1} +\end{array}$$ + +7. 下列化合物中水解速率最大的是( ) + +$$\begin{array}{cccc} +\text{A. } \smiles{ClC1=CC=CC=C1} & \text{B. } \smiles{BrC1=CC=CC=C1} & \text{C. } \smiles{ClCC1=CC=CC=C1} & \text{D. } \smiles{ClCC1CCCCC1} +\end{array}$$ + +8. 制备格氏试剂时所用的无水乙醚可采用下列哪一种干燥剂进行干燥( ) + +A. 无水硫酸钠 B. 金属钠 C. 变色硅胶 D. 浓硫酸 + +9. 卤代烃脱卤化氢或醇脱水过程中,当有可能形成异构体烯烃时,总是形成双键上有较多取代基的烯烃为主,该经验规则称为( ) + +A. H ückel 规则 +B. Markovnikov 规则 +C. Hofmann 规则 +D. Saytzeff 规则 + +10. 根据肥皂分子的去污原理,合成洗涤剂的分子中应该同时具有憎水部分和亲水部分。据此,请指出下列化合物中哪一个不是合成洗涤剂( ) + +A. $C_{12}H_{25}C_{6}H_{4}SO_{3}Na$ B. $C_{12}H_{25}COONa$ C. $\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{3}\mathrm{N}^{*}\left(\mathrm{C}_{12}\mathrm{H}_{25}\right)\mathrm{Br}^{-}$ D. $C_{12}H_{25}COOC_{5}H_{11}$ + +## 二、完成下列反应,写出主要产物,如涉及立体选择性需表明(每个答案1分,总计12分) + +1.$\smiles{CC1=CCCC1}\xrightarrow[h\nu]{\text{Cl}_2} [ \quad] \xrightarrow[\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}]{\text{NaOC}_2\text{H}_5} [ \quad ]$ + +2.$\smiles{C=CCC#C}+H_2O\xrightarrow[H_2SO_4]{HgSO_4} [ \quad]$ + +3.$\smiles{ClC=CC1=CC=CC=C1CCl} \xrightarrow{\text{NaCN}} [ \quad]$ + +4.$\smiles{CCOC(=O)CBr}\xrightarrow{\text{Zn}} [ \quad ] \xrightarrow[\text{(2) H}_3\text{O}^+]{\text{(1) C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CHO}} [ \quad ]$ + +5.$\smiles{ClC1=C([N+](=O)[O-])C=C([N+](=O)[O-])C=C1[N+](=O)[O-]} \xrightarrow[\text{H}_2\text{O}]{\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3} [ \quad]$ + +6.$\smiles{CC=O} \xrightarrow[\text{BF}_3]{\smiles{SCCCS}} [ \quad ] \xrightarrow[\text{(3) HgCl}_2 / \text{H}_2\text{O}]{\begin{array}{l} \text{(1) } n\text{-C}_4\text{H}_9\text{Li} \\ \text{(2) } \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Br} \end{array}} [ \quad ]$ + +7.$\smiles{C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C=CC=N2} \xrightarrow{\text{KMnO}_4 / \text{H}^+} [ \quad ]$ + +8.$\smiles{C=CC(C)=O} + \smiles{CCOC(=O)CC(=O)OCC} \xrightarrow[\text{(2) H}_3\text{O}^+ / \Delta]{\text{(1) NaOC}_2\text{H}_5} [ \quad]$ + +9.$\smiles{O=C1CC2CCC1C2} \xrightarrow{\text{PhCOOOH}} [ \quad ]$ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00099.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00099.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b6b028fd1901315b2d7f1eaec9453262c91e2fc4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00099.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +## 高分子化学部分(75分) + +## 一. 名词解释(每小题 2 分,共 10 分) + +1. 官能团等活性; + +2. 引发剂效率; + +3.聚硫橡胶; + +4. 高分子功能化; + +5. 缓聚 + +## 二.选择题(每题选一最佳答案,每小题2分,共20分) + +1. 二烯类橡胶的硫化机理是 + +(a)离子机理;(b)自由基机理;(c)配位机理 + +2. 对获得诺贝尔化学奖的高分子科学家叙述错误的是 + +(a)Ziegler 和 Natta 发明了有机金属引发体系,合成了高密度聚乙烯和等规聚丙烯; +(b)Heeger、De Gennes 和 Shirakawa 在导电高分子方面做出了特殊贡献; +(c)Staudinger 建立了高分子学说; +(d)Flory 在缩聚反应理论、高分子溶液的统计热力学和高分子链的构象统计等方面做出了一系列杰出贡献。 + +3. 聚甲醛合成后加入醋酸酐处理的目的是 + +(a)洗除低聚物;(b)除去引发剂;(c)提高热稳定性;(d)提高相对分子质量 + +4. 下列最不易进行直接光引发的单体是 + +(a) 丙烯腈; (b) 丙烯酰胺; (c) 乙烯; (d) 丙烯酸 + +5. 以下叙述不正确的是 + +(a)甲基丙烯酸甲酯的本体聚合为均相体系; +(b)悬浮聚合的单体-介质体系为非均相体系; +(c)丙烯腈在水相中的溶液聚合为均相体系; +(d)苯乙烯聚合时在甲苯中的溶液聚合为均相体系。 + +6. 甲基丙烯酸甲酯在下列哪种溶剂中以萘钠引发聚合时聚合速率最大? + +(a)苯:(b)四氢呋喃:(c)硝基苯:(d)丙酮 + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_chemistry_00100.md b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00100.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c19a03976b583f0ad7839f9a3e918a11c9e9814d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_chemistry_00100.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +通过观察碱金属的原子结构示意图,你能发现碱金属元素的原子结构有什么共同之处吗? + +2. 实验: + +(1)将一干燥的坩埚加热,同时取一小块钾,擦干表面的煤油后,迅速投到热坩埚中(如图1-3),观察现象。回忆钠与氧气的反应,进行对比。 + + + +图 1-3 钾在空气中燃烧 + +(2)在培养皿中放入一些水,然后取绿豆大的钾,用滤纸吸干表面的煤油,投入培养皿中,观察现象。回忆钠与水的反应,进行对比。 + + + +图 1-4 钾与水反应 + + + +图 1-5 钠与水反应 + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
与氧气反应
与水反应
+ +3. 思考与交流:通过回忆和观察钠和钾的实验,思考并讨论钠和钾的性质有什么相似性和不同。你认为元素的性质与它们的原子结构有关系吗? + +通过大量实验和研究,人们得出了如下结论: + +• 碱金属元素原子的最外层都有1个电子,它们的化学性质相似,正如上述实验所示,它们都能与氧气等非金属单质以及水反应。例如: + +$4Li + O_2 \xlongequal{\Delta} 2Li_2O$ + +$2Na + O_2 \xlongequal{\Delta} Na_2O_2$ + +$2Na + 2H_{2}O \xlongequal{} 2NaOH + H_{2}\uparrow$ + +$2K + 2H_{2}O \xlongequal{} 2KOH + H_{2}\uparrow$ diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00001.md b/markdowns/education_english_00001.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..97eac2116570bbd0529d513c575232c30547735e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00001.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +## 4. Read and match + + + +A + + + +B + + + +C + + + +D + + + +E + + + +F + +____A 1) There are five people in my family. + +____2) Grandfather likes making paper birds. + +____3) Grandmother likes collecting stamps. + +____4) My parents like fishing in their free time. + +____5) I like playing tennis and keeping pets. + +____6) Our dog likes listening to music and dancing. + +## 5. Learn with Max and Rex + +## A. Listen and read + + + +## B. Listen and write + + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00002.md b/markdowns/education_english_00002.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..70e63fed7508ab8a2c4e53a96e6b71bed49de44d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00002.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +## 4. Ask, draw and write +How do you go to school, please? +On foot. +By school bus. + + +

on foot옷옷옷

by bus

by school bus

by taxi

by bike

by car
+ +e.g. Three pupils go to school on foot. + +1)_______ + +2\)_____ + +3\)_____ + +4\)_____ + +5\)_____ diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00003.md b/markdowns/education_english_00003.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..701067022c3013d693c335ce396a084d45dfcf0e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00003.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +## 4. Read and write + + + +## My Holiday Plan + +
DateIn the morningIn the afternoon
Jan. 15-19take tennis lessonsdo homework and watch TV
Jan. 20-28travel to Dalian with my grandparents
Jan. 30-31clean the houseplay table tennis with my friends
Feb. 1-2write cards to my teachers and friendsgo skating with my mother
Feb. 6-7go to the supermarket with my mothermake things for the Spring Festival
Feb. 8-9help my parents with the Spring Festival dinner
Feb. 12-15visit my aunt, uncle and cousins
+ +1\) From Jan. 20 to 28, what is Hao Tian going to do? + +He is going to ________________. + +2\) From Jan. 30 to 31, what is Hao Tian going to do in the afternoon? +______________________. + +3\) From Feb. 6 to 7, where is Hao Tian going in the morning? +______________________. + +## Your Holiday Plan + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
DateIn the morningIn the afternoon
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00004.md b/markdowns/education_english_00004.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3ec4df63a740538084f7593a537dc6b8f303976d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00004.md @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +## UNIT 3 + + + +collecting stamps + + + +climbing rocks + +keeping pets + +taking photos + +watching birds + +playingchess + +making things + +growingflowers + +## UNIT 4 + + + +by bus + +by taxi + +on foot + +by bike + +by train + +by ship + +by car + +bookstore + +cinema + +shop + +hopital + +supermarket + +## UNIT 5 + + + +travel to Beijing + +take tennis lessons + +visit my aunt + +buy books + +today + +tomorrow + +this Sunday + +next Sunday diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00005.md b/markdowns/education_english_00005.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b6b208281518a01c39bbb96d2012e079345c69f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00005.md @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +## 4. Let's play + + + +I love PE. I'm good at running. + +He loves PE. He's good at running. + +I love Chinese. I'm good at writing. + +She loves Chinese. +She's good at writing. + +## 5. Look, read and match + + + +Ms. Bai + + + +Mr. Lin + + + +Mr. Jin + + + +Miss Sun + + + +Mr. Du + + + +Mr. Yan + +Young, young, young. + +Who is young? + +Who is handsome and young? + +Mr. Du + +Pretty, pretty, pretty. + +Who is pretty? + +Who is young and pretty? + +Old, old, old. + +Who is old? + +Who is old and strong? + +Thin, thin, thin. + +Who is thin? + +Who is tall and thin? + +Short, short, short. + +Who is short? + +Who is thin and short? + +Tall, tall, tall. + +Who is tall? + +Who is strong and tall? + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00006.md b/markdowns/education_english_00006.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0d2eac6fbfa0a1e388a1f43201cceb520e00bb07 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00006.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +## Let's spell + +## Read, listen and chant. + +water tiger sister computer dinner + + + +## Read, underline and say. + +1. sister ruler under number + +2. computer eraser dinner winter + +3. under after water river + +## Look, listen and write. + + + + + + + + + +my sister's No___near the ____. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00007.md b/markdowns/education_english_00007.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..72373c83c4c35e9a14a7ea25bbceccd983e36412 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00007.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +## Read and circle. + + + +It is 6 o'clock. It is sunny outside. + +I get up and have breakfast. + + + +It is 7:30. I go to school. + +It is cloudy now. + +It is 9 o'clock. I go to Chinese class. It is cloudy and cold outside. + + + + + +It is 10 o clock. I go to the library. It is on the second floor. It is rainy outside. I have no umbrella! + +It is 12 o'clock. I have lunch. + +It is still raining! But it is warm inside. + + + + + +It is 3:15. I have PE class. It is sunny again. We can go outside! \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00008.md b/markdowns/education_english_00008.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..429e605b90cd8de2b236fe3683f2f161cf2ae0c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00008.md @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ + + +## Words in each unit + +## 单元词汇表 + +(注:黑体词要求学生能够听、说、认读;白体词只作听、说要求。) + +## Unit 1 + +
first /fɜːst/ floor 一楼p.5
second /ˈsekənd/ floor 二楼p.5
teachers' office /'ɒfɪs/ 教师办公室p.5
library /ˈlaɪbrəri/ 图书馆p.5
playground /ˈpleɪɡraʊnd/ 操场p.8
computer /kəm'pju:tə(r)/ room 计算机房p.8
art /ɑːt/ room 美术教室p.8
music /ˈmjuːzɪk/ room 音乐教室p.8
next to /nekst tʊ/ 紧邻;在……近旁p.4
homework /ˈhəʊmwɜːk/ 作业p.4
class /klɑːs/ 班;班级p.7
forty /ˈfɔːti/ 四十p.7
way /weɪ/ 方向p.7
+ +## Unit 2 + +
breakfast /ˈbrekfəst/ 早餐;早饭p.15
English class 英语课p.15
lunch /lʌntʃ/ 午餐;午饭p.15
music class 音乐课p.15
PE /ˌpiː ˈiː/ class 体育课p.15
dinner /ˈdɪnə(r)/ (中午或晚上吃的)正餐p.15
get up /'ɡet ʌp/ 起床p.18
go /ɡəʊ/ to school 去上学p.18
go home /həʊm/ 回家p.18
+ +
go to bed 上床睡觉p.18
over /'əʊvə(r)/ 结束p.14
now /naʊ/ 现在;目前p.14
o'clock /ə'klɒk/ (表示整点)……点钟p.14
kid /kɪd/ 小孩p.14
thirty /'θɜːrti/ 三十p.17
hurry /'hʌri/ up 快点p.17
come /kʌm/ on 快;加油p.19
just /dʒʌst/ a minute /'mɪnɪt/ 稍等一会儿p.19
+ +## Unit 3 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
cold /kəuld/ 寒冷的;冷的p.25
cool /ku:l/ 凉的;凉爽的p.25
warm /wɔ:m/ 温暖的;暖和的p.25
hot /hɒt/ 热的;烫的p.25
sunny /ˈsʌni/ 阳光充足的p.28
windy /ˈwɪndi/ 多风的;风大的p.28
cloudy /ˈklaʊdi/ 阴天的;多云的p.28
snowy /ˈsnəʊi/ 下雪(多)的p.28
rainy /ˈreɪni/ 阴雨的;多雨的p.28
outside /ˌaʊtˈsaɪd/ 在户外p.24
be careful /ˈkeəfl/ 小心p.24
weather /ˈweðə(r)/ 天气p.25
New York /jɔ:k/ 纽约p.27
how about ... /'hau ə'baut/ ……怎么样?……情况如何?p.27
degree /dɪˈgri:/ 度;度数p.27
diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00009.md b/markdowns/education_english_00009.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0c5eff6b8ae56c0a32eeebe6f4daa8066d6118b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00009.md @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +## Listening + +## A Listen and number the photos (1–6). + + + + + + + + + + + + + +## B What did they say? Listen and choose the correct words. + +1 My mum told me that I forgot / would remember the words. + +2 Bobby told me that he would eat / was eating his dinner. + +3 Miss Lin mentioned that she gave / would give everybody a grade on their projects. + +4 Karen said that she would go / went to the lake on Friday. + +5 Dad told me that he was walking / walked to the shop. + +## C Sally is talking to her neighbour. Listen to their conversation and circle the correct answer. + +1 Sally told Mr Wu that she __, + +a. was hungry +b. liked to cook +c. was in the kitchen + +2 Who influenced Sally to cook? + +a. Her neighbour. +b. Her mother. +c. Her uncle. + +3 Mr Wu thinks it is a pity that __. + +a Sally works in the restaurant +b the restaurant is so far away +c he can't go to the city + +4 Sally said that it was __ to have a successful restaurant. + +a difficult +b easy +c fun + +5 For New Year, Sally mentioned that she would __. + +a eat at the restaurant +b cook with her uncle +c buy some jiaozi + +## Translation + +Translate the sentences into English. + +1 我的姑姑对我影响很大。 + +2 他说你今晚会复习功课。 + +3 阅读对我来说是一种乐趣。 + +4 他告诉我一切都会好起来的。 + +5 谁曾鼓励你当教师? + +6 遇到困难的时候,妈妈总是陪在我身边。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00010.md b/markdowns/education_english_00010.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..31bac0f3bd06317a7006f4481d52697769d0feea --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00010.md @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +## Reading / Writing + +## A Complete the sentences using the words from this lesson. + +1 She bought some s______ in the supermarket. + +2 I was l______ that I wasn't hurt in the accident. + +3 My friends had a v__________ near the beach. + +4 Can you r__________ your first day at school? + +5 We have good m________ of our school camp. + +## B Read and match the statements with the correct responses. Write a-e. + +a. That was lucky! + +b Is it? + +c That's so sad. + +d That's great! + +e What a shame + +1. A: My dog ran away. I can't find him. +B: ____ + +2 A: I did really well on the exam! +B: __ + +3 A: I fell off my bike and hurt my arm. +Now I can't play basketball. +B: ___ + +4 A: I went fishing for the first time. I caught a big fish! +B: ___ + +5 A: It's my birthday today! +B: __ + +## C Sam is talking with his mum. Complete the dialogue with the words and expressions in the box. + +shame memories lucky + +look Why Thats too bad + +Oh no Wow Is it see + +Mum: Look at this photo, Sam. This is Dad and this is you! + +Sam: 1 ___ ? I look so small. + +Mum: You were four years old. We were taking you to the zoo. I have wonderful 2___ of that special day. You were so excited. + +Sam: 3 ___ ? + +Mum: You wanted to see an elephant. Dad's friend worked at the zoo. He told us that we could meet one. + +Sam: His friend worked there? That was 4 ___! + +Mum: Yes. Look! Here’s a picture of Dad and you by the elephant. + +Sam: What a 5 ____! I'm sleeping. + +Mum: You were tired. You fell asleep before you saw the elephant. + +Sam:6 ____. + +Mum: We still had fun. After the zoo, we had ice cream. Look! + +Sam: 7___! I have ice cream all over my face. + +Mum: But you 8 ___ so happy! After that, Dad bought you a toy elephant in a store. + +Sam: 9______! That's the elephant I have in my room now. + +Mum: Yes. You didn't 10___ the elephant at the zoo but you had your own elephant at home. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00011.md b/markdowns/education_english_00011.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9d8de928096eab4256b06e94f064385afcea71b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00011.md @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +## Reading / Writing + +## A Complete the sentences using the words from this lesson. + +1 He is $\frac{\text{w}}{}$ -- $\frac{}{7}$ $\frac{}{9}$. He can't pick it up. + +2 The $\frac{d}{5}$ -- -- $\frac{}{13}$ $\frac{}{1}$ -- $\frac{}{14}$ -- -- is trying to find the answers. + +3 Do you mind if I ask you some $\frac{q}{}$ $\frac{}{3}$ $\frac{}{19}$ -- -- $\frac{}{16}$ $\frac{}{2}$ $\frac{}{15}$ --? + +4 She has a beautiful $\frac{5}{17}$ $\frac{}{10}$ $\frac{}{4}$ ___ dress. + +5 Water, please. I'm $\frac{t}{}$ $\frac{}{18}$ $\frac{}{6}$ $\frac{}{12}$ $\frac{}{8}$ -- $\frac{}{11}$. + +## Match the numbers. Write the letters from above to form a question. + +$\frac{}{1}$ $\frac{}{2}$ $\frac{}{3}$ $\frac{}{4}$ $\frac{}{5}$ + $\frac{}{6}$ $\frac{}{7}$ $\frac{}{8}$ $\frac{}{9}$ $\frac{}{10}f$ $\frac{}{11}ou $ $ +a\frac{}{12}\frac{}{13}f\frac{}{14}\frac{}{15}\frac{}{16}\frac{}{17}\frac{}{18}\frac{}{19}d$? + +## B Complete the dialogues with the correct words. + +
aheadcanmindokay
problemsorrysurethink
+ +1 A: Do you __________ if I speak? +B: No. Go __________. + +2 A: Do you ________ you could clean your room? +B: ________. I can do that. + +3 A: Is it ________ to look in our books? +B: ________. Not for this exam. + +4 A: ________ you talk to my teacher? +B: Sure. No ________. + +## C Jim is having a picnic in the park with Don and Tina. Complete the dialogue with the words in the box. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
problemknowwonder
okaytellsorry
mindthirstyahead
finecouldgreat
+ +Don: Jim, is it 1 ____ if I have another sandwich? + +Jim: Sure. Oh ... Do you 2 ___ if I ask you a question, Don? + +Don: No. Go 3 ____. + +Jim: How many sandwiches have you eaten? + +Don: Just one. Why? + +Jim: I made two sandwiches for each of us, but there aren't any left! I ate two and you ate one. Hmm ... Where's Tina? I 4 ___ how many she ate. + +Don: She's over there. I'll call her. +Tina, 5 ______ you come over here? + +Tina: Sure! No 6 ____ ! + +Jim: Tina, can you tell me how many sandwiches you've eaten? + +Tina: Two sandwiches. Is that OK? + +Jim: Yes. That's 7 _____. But it's strange. I made six sandwiches. + +Tina: Oh. Could I 8___ you something? + +Jim: Yes, of course! + +Tina: Well, when I went over there, I met a friendly dog. It was hungry, so I gave it a sandwich. I didn’t 9___ it was Don’s sandwich. I’m 10 ___! Don, is it okay if I buy you a hamburger? That man is selling them. + +Don: That would be 11 ______! Can you get me some juice, too? I'm 12 ______! \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00012.md b/markdowns/education_english_00012.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d313fae25204a7fe65448c3fff048d2de3193bca --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00012.md @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +## Reading / Writing + +## A Do the puzzle. + +Across + +1 There were many interesting c___ in the story. + +2 She was a good p___ in his class. + +3 The police solved the m ___. + +Down + +4 She'll t___ the play from English into Chinese. + +5 We b___ the other team in the game. + +6 The w__ wrote a book about England. + +7 The company p___ many films. + + + +## B Complete the sentences with the best pronouns. + +
heitshetheyweyou
+1 Mary is a pupil in Mr Wu's class. _____ is also on the girl's volleyball team. + +2 The students are performing in the school play. A lot of people have bought tickets for ______. + +3 My friends and I had a party last night. +______ had a good time. + +4 I can't decide which of the plays to see. ______ all look really good. + +5 Shh! ____ can't talk during the show. + +6 My dad is friendly to everyone. ______ always says hello. + +## C Show Time magazine talks to Leo James about his newest play. Complete the interview. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
wealthyfeartruth
actressbeatswriter
salestranslatedproduce
crimeholidaycharacters
+ +## ST = Show Time + +ST: Hello, Leo. We’re excited to talk to you about your new play. + +Leo: Yes! It opens at the theatre next week. + +ST: How are 1 ______ for the show? + +Leo: Great! A lot of people are buying tickets for it. This should be one of the best plays we 2___ this year. A great 3___ is performing in it. She’s wonderful + +ST: Can you tell us about the story? + +Leo: Sure! The main character is a 4____ American woman named Marsha. When the play begins, she's on a 5____ in England. She's staying in a beautiful old hotel when strange things start to happen. She finds herself trying to solve the 6____. She's smart and shows no 7____. + +ST: How about the other 8 ____? + +Leo: We learn about them by listening to Marsha. She asks a lot of questions and discovers the 9____. + +ST: It sounds interesting. + +Leo: Yes. A great mystery 10 ______ from France wrote this play. It was 11 ______ from French into English. + +ST: Well, I’d like to see this play! + +Leo: Yes. I always say that seeing a play in a theatre 12 ____ watching a film at home. I would encourage everybody to buy their tickets today! diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00013.md b/markdowns/education_english_00013.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c4b54561af789f20257feade15f4ffe14b7365e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00013.md @@ -0,0 +1,115 @@ +## 5 Reported Speech 间接引语 + +在引用别人的原话时,被引用的句子称为直接引语(Direct Speech)。例如: + +“Pass me the dictionary, Mike,” she said. + +He suggested, “Let’s take a taxi back home.” + +当用自己的话转述别人的话时,被转述的部分称为间接引语(Reported Speech)。例如: + +She told me that she was getting married next week. + +He said that he would stay in London for a week. + +## 1 Reported Statements 间接陈述句 + +如果转述的是陈述句,需要: + +• 用连词 that 引导,that 可以省略。例如:He said, “I have lost my umbrella.”He said (that) he had lost his umbrella. + +• 改变引语谓语动词的时态,使其与主句谓语动词时态保持一致。动词变化如下: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
直接引语间接引语
一般现在时一般过去时
现在进行时过去进行时
现在完成时过去完成时
一般过去时过去完成时
一般将来时过去将来时
情态动词情态动词过去时
+ +例如: + +He said, "The road is still blocked." He said (that) the road was still blocked. + +Paul said, “I’m trying to get a taxi.” +Paul said (that) he was trying to get a taxi. + +They said, “We will be late for the plane if we don’t start at once.” + +They said that they would be late for the plane if they didn’t start at once. + +The policeman said, “You can prevent the accident.” + +The policeman said that I could prevent the accident. + +• 改变间接陈述句中的时间和地点。变化如下: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
直接引语间接引语
nowthen
todaythat day
at the momentat that moment
yesterdaythe day before
last week/monthyearthe week/month/year before
tomorrowthe next day/the
following day
the day after
tomorrow
in two days'time
next week/yearete.the following week/year etc.
herethere
thisthat
+ +• 根据句意,改变人称。例如: + +He said, “I like my new house.” + +He said that he liked his new house. + +He said ,“We'll discuss this + +tomorrow." + +He said they would discuss that the next day. + +## 2 Reported Questions 间接疑问句 + +间接疑问句是由一般疑问句或特殊疑问句转换而来的间接引语。 + +• 特殊疑问句转换为间接引语,要用 ask, wonder, want to know + 特殊疑问词作 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00014.md b/markdowns/education_english_00014.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1fc6cd9216f30f05e9c84d3780cae14790216b3e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00014.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + +
on the other hand 另一方面10
increasing/ɪnˈkriːsɪŋ/ adj. 渐增的,越来越多的10
sell/sel/ v. 出售,卖10
service/ˈsɜːrvɪs/ n. 服务10
instead/ɪnˈsted/ adv. 反而;代替10
instead of 代替,作为……的替换10
work from home 在家工作10
imagine/ɪˈmædʒɪn/ v. 想象,设想10
college/ˈkɒlɪdʒ/ n. 学院;大学10
manager/ˈmænɪdʒə/ n. 经理10
purpose/ˈpɜːrpəs/ n. 目的;意图10
compare/kəmˈpeə/ v. 比较;对比10
require/rɪˈkwaɪə/ v. 需要11
include/ɪnˈkluːd/ v. 包括11
decision-making adj. 做决策的
n. 做决策
11
problem-solving adj. 解决问题的
n. 解决问题
11
express/ɪkˈspres/ v. 表达11
at the same time 同时;然而11
listener/ˈlɪsnə/ n. 倾听者11
plan/plæn/ v. 计划,打算
n. 计划;方案
11
decision/dɪˈsɪʒn/ n. 决定11
deal/diːl/ v. 经营
n. 协议
11
deal with 处理;解决11
situation/sɪtjuˈeɪʃn/ n. 情况;形势;位置11
*rather/ˈrɑːðə/ adv. 相反,而是;相当;稍微11
rather than 而不是11
+ +## Communication Workshop + +
*conclusion/kən'klu:zn/ n.结尾;结论12
sparse/speə/ adj.空闲的;闲置的12
+ +
introduction /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃn/ n. 引言,介绍12
successful /səkˈsesfl/ adj. 获得成功的,有成就的12
businessman /ˈbɪznəsmæn/ n. 商人;企业家12
set /set/ v. 放置 n. 一组,一套12
set up 建立;创立12
*surf /sɜːf/ v. (在互联网上)浏览;冲浪12
*net /net/ n. 网络;网12
according to 根据,依据12
pool /puːl/ n. 游泳池;池塘12
+ +## Unit 2 + +## Getting Ready + +
*blog /blɒɡ/ n. 博客,网络日志17
face-to-face 面对面的17
sign /saɪn/ n. 手势;迹象17
sign language 手语17
text message 短信17
+ +## Lesson 4 + + +
ant /ænt/ n. 蚂蚁18
*wag /wæɡ/ v. (狗摇)尾巴18
tall /tɔːl/ n. 尾巴18
interested /ˈɪntrəstɪd/ adj. 感兴趣的18
missing /ˈmɪsɪŋ/ adj. 失踪的;丢失的18
*landmine /ˈlændmaɪn/ n. 地雷18
discover /dɪˈskʌvə/ v. 发现18
*frog /frɒɡ/ n. 蛙,青蛙18
*insect /ˈɪnsekt/ n. 昆虫18
gentleman /ˈdʒentlmən/ n. 先生;绅士18
invite /ˈɪnvaɪt/ v. 邀请18
lady /ˈleɪdi/ n. 女士18
+ diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00015.md b/markdowns/education_english_00015.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3c1e395341cea9a49844d352823b4dafd9fc4162 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00015.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +## ◦ Warm-up + +1 Think of animals you know. How do they communicate? + +## Example + +I think ants communicate by smell. + +## ◦ Reading + +2 Read the text. What are the three main methods of animal communication? + +3 Read the text again. What methods do these animals use to communicate? + +• ants • elephants • dogs • frogs +• cats • whales • mice • insects + +## My dog is in the garden. He is wagging his tail, his mouth is open and he is looking at me. What is he trying to tell me? Jane Roberts reports. + +People have always been interested in animal communication and scientists have done a lot of research on this subject. + +Most animals communicate by smell. Dogs are famous for this. When a dog walks outside, it learns about other dogs by smelling things. Dogs have helped the police for a long time, too. They can find missing people by using their fantastic sense of smell. Mice have an excellent sense of smell, too. Scientists have even trained them to find landmines. Scientists have discovered that even ants use smell. They use smell to tell other ants where the food is. + +Everyone has heard birds singing. Research has shown that many other animals use sound to communicate. Frogs and insects communicate with sounds. Usually the "gentlemen" make sounds to invite the "ladies". + +Whales and elephants also use sound to communicate. These sounds can travel very far through water or the ground. However, it is not possible for humans to hear some of the sounds. They are either too low or too high for us. + +Animals have always used body language to communicate as well. When a cat puts its ears back, it is a bit mad. When it sits with its tail around itself, it is happy. When a dog puts its tail under its body, it is scared. When it wags its tail and opens its mouth, it is happy. So I think my dog is happy right now. + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00016.md b/markdowns/education_english_00016.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c6f326fe3768b58f198b1a51beab295e9c5e5ed4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00016.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +## Warm-up + + + +1 Here are some things you could bring to a picnic. Which are food and which are dishes? Write them in the table below. + +## Key Words: Food and dishes + +bean, biscuit, bowl, corn, cup, fork, hamburger, hot dog, knife, plate, sausage, spoon, strawberry, watermelon + + + + + + + +
foodbean
dishesbowl
+ +## Listening +### 2 Listen to the dialogue and complete Julie’s message. + +Julie is taking a message from her Uncle Dan about the family picnic. + + +Uncle Dan will leave at +1______ tomorrow +2______ and he'll see us +tomorrow afternoon at the +3______ + +Don't buy more 4__________ and don't buy any 5__________. + +Bring 6________ and plates. + + + +## 3 Listen again. Which of the following does Uncle Dan NOT say? Circle them. + +a Can I speak to your mum or dad? + +b Dean's coming too, right? + +c Have your mum and dad bought any vegetables yet? + +d We've got a big watermelon. + +e Please tell them not to buy any sausages either. + +f We'll bring the knives and plates. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00017.md b/markdowns/education_english_00017.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..12c00e83b2db0789cb5ab4bbb2f287957379ae75 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00017.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +Festivals and Holidays + +put it in the oven. It looked like it would be delicious. My sister and I were excited. + +But soon, we noticed something was wrong. The oven was not heating up. Dad checked it closely. Then he said in a low voice, "It's broken!" + +Mum's heart nearly stopped. She didn't want her dinner to be a failure. We didn't know what to do. How were we going to feed everyone without the turkey? Mum looked worried. + +Finally, Dad had an idea, and we all agreed with his suggestion to order pizza instead. After all, Thanksgiving is about giving thanks and spending time with your family. If we did not have turkey, it was different but there was nothing awful about it. + +That evening, we shared a delicious pizza. We had a great time, talking, eating and playing games. Thanksgiving without turkey can still be fun! + + + +## 5 Your Opinion What is the most important thing for Thanksgiving according to the writer? + +## Vocabulary + +## 6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the expressions. + +agree with, heat up, be proud of, get ... for a good price, put ... on ..., have a great time + +1 They have done a great job. They should ____________ themselves. + +2 The oven takes a while to ______. + +3 She was ________ some flowers ________ the table. + +4 The man ____________ a sports car ____________. + +5 I __________ her opinion about the travelling plan. + +6 We really ____________ at your party last night. + +## Speaking + +## 7 Your Turn Have you had any interesting / sad / exciting holiday experiences? Tell the class your story. + +## Example + +Last Spring Festival was really exciting. My whole family went to Harbin and spent the whole Spring Festival there. It was extremely cold and there was snow and ice everywhere. It was great fun. diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00018.md b/markdowns/education_english_00018.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a016f151b76a48d577bc32ed8e48725ead7c48f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00018.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +## New Year Celebrations + +1 How does your family celebrate the New Year? + +2 Read the texts and find out the answers to the questions. + +1 Why do Spanish people eat twelve grapes at the midnight of New Year's Eve? + +2 Why do Japanese people laugh after the midnight's bell? + +3 What do people do during the countdown in Times Square? + +4 What New Year traditions are the same in these places? + +3 Read the texts again. Which celebration do you think is the most exciting? Why? + +People all around the world celebrate the start of a new year. They do it in different ways and at different times because their calendars(历法) are not the same. + + + +New Year (on January 1st) In Spain is more commonly known as "Nochevieja". Celebrations usually begin with a family dinner on New Year's Eve. It is a tradition to eat twelve grapes—one for each stroke (钟声) of the clock at midnight. It is thought that every grape brings good luck for every month of the coming year. + +The Japanese New Year is on the first day of January. People buy decorations and put them on their doors and windows for good luck. Families make rice cakes and give money to children. At midnight, Buddhist monks (僧人) ring bells 108 times. Then people laugh — this brings them luck in the new year. + +In America, there is often a "ball drop" celebration during the countdown (倒计时) to the New Year. The most famous one is at Times Square in New York. From 11:59 pm on December 31st, the huge crystal ball at the top of the tower moves down slowly. Everyone counts down the final ten seconds. When the ball reaches the bottom at midnight, there are beautiful fireworks in the city centre. + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00019.md b/markdowns/education_english_00019.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..add8a99c70d245221851ba15844ce376ce853a9d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00019.md @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +Check Your Progress + +## A Complete the text with the words in the box. + +a good memory + +courage + +fit and strong + +sense of humour + +ability to think clearly under pressure + +Dear Sir / Madam. + +I am writing to apply for a job at Star Detective Agency. I think I have all the qualities a good detective needs. I was a soldier for ten years, which shows that I have 1___. I go to the gym three times a week, so I am 2___. I was also a police officer for 15 years, and I never forget criminals' faces or names, even after many years. I have 3___. During my time in the army and the police, I have been in many difficult situations, but I never get confused. I always have the 4___. Finally, my friends say that I always make them laugh so my 5___ is good. I think that is important when doing a difficult job. + +I look forward to receiving your reply. +Yours Sincerely, +Phillip Ho + +Vocabulary__/5 + +## B Put the sentences in order to make a conversation. + +a. OK. Can we meet downstairs? + +b Do you mind if we make it in the afternoon? I have a meeting on Tuesday morning. + +c Could we meet on Tuesday morning? + +d No, I don't mind. Is 2:30 OK? + +e Yes, we can do that. Do you think you could bring your computer? + +f Yes, I can bring it if you want. + +6___7___8___9___10___11___ + +## C Who / What do the underlined pronouns refer to? Write the answers in the blanks. + +The dog stole the sausages, then it ran away. + +_it_ = the dog + +12 That morning, the students remembered they had to hand in their homework. +they = ________ + +13 Mike's shoes smell so bad that hismum put them outside the house. them = ____ + +14 June’s glass fell off the table onto the floor. It didn’t break, though. +it = ________ + +15 Dave wants a new phone, but he can't afford one this month. +one = ________ + +16 The dog was really sick. We had to carry it to the car and take it to the vet's. +it = ________ + +17 She wanted to earn more money, so Kate asked Mike for a part-time job at his shop. +she = ________ + +## D Complete the reported questions. + +Where have you been? + +→ He asked me where I had been. + +18 Can you help me with my homework? +She wondered ______________. + +19 Where are you from? +They asked me ________________. + +20 Will you go to Andy's party? +He wanted to know _______________. + +21 Have you ever been to Australia? +He wondered ______________. + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00020.md b/markdowns/education_english_00020.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bb6ef2b1e1904c6af33cb1f51a80a21d44801b77 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00020.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ + + +## Ask and answer + + + +— Excuse me. Is there a library near here? + +— Yes, there is. + +— How can I get there? + +— Go down this street. You can see it on the right. + + + + + +bus station + +hospital + +bookshop + +school + +park + +supermarket + +library + +## Let's sing + +## Bingo + +There is a farmer (who) has a dog. + +And Bingo is his name, sir! + +B-I-N-G-O, B-I-N-G-O, B-I-N-G-O. + +And Bingo is his name, sir! + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00021.md b/markdowns/education_english_00021.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7f2116879978b44354c25a4f701baacc037f8c41 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00021.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +## 3. Look and write. + + + +Model: + +Dongdong went to school by bike this morning. + +Dongdong didn't go to school by bike this morning. + +Did Dongdong go to school by bike this morning? + +Yes, he did. + +1. + + + +2. + + + +3. + + + +1. My sister made a cake last Sunday. + +My sister ________ ________ a cake last Sunday. + +___ your sister ___ a cake last Sunday? + +Yes, she ____. + +2. They planted some trees yesterday. + +They _______ _______ any trees yesterday. + +______ they______ any trees yesterday? + +Yes, they ______. + +3. Tom saw a film last night. + +Tom __________ __________ __________ __________ last night. + +____ Tom ______ ______ ______ last night? + +Yes, he ____. diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00022.md b/markdowns/education_english_00022.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..76190d581b6684c4a7e78864dd8e463643a12b7b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00022.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +Big Ben(英国伦敦大本钟) + + + +Then we flew to the UK, and visited the famous Big Ben in London. + +the Eiffel Tower (法国巴黎埃菲尔铁塔) + + + +After that, we went to France$^{①}$ and did some shopping in Paris$^{②}$. We had a great time. + +the Colosseum(意大利罗马古斗兽场) + + + +This summer we will go to Rome$^{③}$, the capital of Italy$^{➃}$. + +St. Basil's Cathedral(俄罗斯莫斯科圣瓦西里大教堂) + + + +From Rome, we will goto Moscow by plane. It'sthe capital of Russia. + +① France /frɑːns/ 法国 + +② Paris /'pærɪs/ 巴黎 + +③ Rome/rəʊm/ 罗马 + +④ Italy /'ɪtəlɪ/ 意大利 + +⑤ Moscow /ˈmɒskəʊ/ 莫斯科 + +⑥ Russia /'rΛʃə/ 俄罗斯 diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00023.md b/markdowns/education_english_00023.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b5351ee689fd7970e5d100c28c9243ea26e297cd --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00023.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ + +
walk/wo:k/4-5
wall/wo:l/6-12
want/wont/想要3-12
warm/wo:m/暖和的2-12
wash/wɒʃ/4-10
watch/wɒtf/手表;观看4-1
water/'wo:tə/水;浇水4-11
way/wei/6-7
we/wi:/我们2-6
wear/wea/穿8-1
weather/'weðə/天气7-1
Wednesday/'wenzdi/星期三6-7
week/wi:k/星期5-1
welcome/'welkəm/欢迎4-4
well/wel/健康的:好5-4
west/west/西方7-10
wet/wet/湿的7-4
what/wɒt/什么1-4
wheat/wi:t/麦子3-12
when/wen/什么时候6-8
where/weə/在哪里2-3
which/witf/哪个6-5
white/wart/白色的1-9
who/hu:/2-6
whose/hu:z/谁的4-1
why/wai/为什么2-9
wife/waif/妻子6-4
will/wil/将要7-1
wind/wind/7-3
window/'windəʊ/7-10
windy/'wmndi/有风的7-3
winter/'winta/冬天4-9
with/wid/和、用2-4
woman/ˈwʊmən/妇女(复 women)3-7
+ +
wonderful/ˈwʌndəfl/极好的6-12
word/wɜ:d/单词7-9
work/wɜ:k/工作3-12
worker/ˈwɜ:ka/工人3-7
world/wɜ:ld/世界8-3
worry/ˈwʌri/担忧5-8
would/wʊd/将要5-7
write/raɪt/5-3
wrong/rɒŋ/错误的5-8
+ +## Y + +
year /jɪə/7-7
yellow /ˈjeləʊ/黄色的1-12
yes /jes/是的1-2
yesterday /ˈjestədeɪ/昨天7-9
you /juː/你(们)1-2
young /jʌŋ/年轻的8-4
your /jɔː/你(们)的1-4
+ +## z + +
zoo /zuː/动物园8-3
+ +【注】红色词是课标规定的重点词。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00024.md b/markdowns/education_english_00024.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..32d02691a8f767b7d57857c6106364798f1a1934 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00024.md @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +## 5 Let's make + + + +1.Draw. + + + +2. Color and cut out. + + + +3. Talk about it. + +That is the head. + +These are the feet. + +## 6 Let's sing + +## Left and Right + +I have two hands. + +I have two hands. + +One is left, one is right. + +Left and right. + +Right and left. + +Do you have hands? + +Yes, I do. + +I have two ears. + +I have two ears. + +One is left, one is right. + +Left and right. + +Right and left. + +Do you have ears? + +Yes, I do. + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00025.md b/markdowns/education_english_00025.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..41a736be4a013d6b09b10204f7219dcc77b8711e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00025.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +## Do a survey and draw ☺ or ☹ + +A: Do you like ...? + +B: Yes, I do. / No, I don't. + +





Lin Lin
+ +## Then tell + +... likes ... He / She doesn't like ... + +## Let's chant + + + +I like milk. I like milk. + +Do you like it, John? + +Oh, I don't know. + +Let me think. Let me think. + +Yes, I do. I like it, too! + +I like bread. I like bread. + +Do you like it, John? + +Oh, I don't know. + +Let me think. Let me think. + +Yes, I do. I like it, too! + + + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00026.md b/markdowns/education_english_00026.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4be5ad622f9a182f735db59c52be8b8238412267 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00026.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +Section B + +## ⑤ Listen, read and tick + +Dear Ben, + +How are you? + +I live close to my school. It is not far away, so I can walk there every morning. + + + +There are many new buildings in our school. Look at this new building. The teachers’ room is on the third floor. There are ten new classrooms on the second floor. There is a new music room and a new art room on the first floor. + +Can you see the big playground on the school map? I often play games on it. I'm having a good time here. + +Yours, + +Andy + +a. The school is far away. + +True( ) + +False ( ) + +b. Andy lives in China. + +True( ) + +False ( ) + +c. The teachers’ room is on the third floor. + +True ( ) + +False ( ) + +## ⑥ Pair work + +Look at the map and read the dialogue. Then draw a map of your hometown, and tell your friend how to go to the supermarket. + + + +Pupil A: Where is the supermarket? + +Pupil B: Go straight on Jiefang Road. + +Then turn right and you will see a big building. The supermarket is on the second floor. diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00027.md b/markdowns/education_english_00027.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1d90c5480ba85e0da02bf825e5912ff660d1b9aa --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00027.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +## ⑦ Talk, write and tell + +Work in groups. + +a. Bring a picture of your favourite singer or actor. + + + +b. Write what he/she looks like. Use the words in the box. + + +tall + +short + +cool + +cute + +beautiful + +black hair + +straight hair + + blonde hair + +thin + +big + +strong + +c. Tell the class about your favourite singer or actor. + +This is my favourite singer. + +She is short and thin. + +She has long, black hair. + + + +I think she is beautiful. diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00028.md b/markdowns/education_english_00028.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..98db0d9cc301fcc27ad3ce414c03657b493e9194 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00028.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +## ⑤ Listen, read and match + +## Pacific Star Times + +Doctor Brown finds a new way! + +Some people cannot see, but now Doctor Brown can help them. He saves people. He is the best doctor in the city. + +A teacher’s day is very interesting! + +Do you want to be a teacher? +Ms Jane is a teacher in a primary school. She takes her class to a farm. It’s very interesting. + +Match the people and what they do. + +a. A doctor ... + +helps students. + +b. A teacher ... + +saves people. + +c. A driver ... + +grows plants and fruits. + +d. A farmer ... + +drives a car, bus, or taxi. + +## ⑥ Group work + +Take a picture from a newspaper, and tell your friends about the work of the person in the news. + +• What does he/she do? + +• Whose work do you like? + +• What do you want to be? + + + +I want to be a policeman. + +He is a fireman.I like his work. I want to be a fireman. + + I want to be a driver. + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00029.md b/markdowns/education_english_00029.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e33f0fae5ee5d63d09ddf58424702387ca4167bc --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00029.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +## ③ Listen, tick and talk + + + +Li Wei + +John + + + +( ) making jiaozi + +( ) cleaning + +( ) playing + +( ) making paper-cuts + +( ) sleep + +( ) give gifts + +( ) eat + +( ) make a Christmas tree + +What are you doing for Christmas? + +What do you usually do forthe Spring Festival? + + + +## 4 Make and talk + +Can you make Chinese paper-cuts for the Spring Festival? Show your paper-cuts to your class and talk about them. + + +I'm making a fish. Fish is good for the Spring Festival. + +I'm cutting a Chinese word. +It is a good thing, too. + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00030.md b/markdowns/education_english_00030.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..84e24e1a73ccd75b037d0dc1cad6292933965619 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00030.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +# Lesson 22 + + + + + +## Just practise + +March is the third month of the year. + +April is the fourth month of the year. + + + +## the third month of the year + + + +## the fourth month of the year + + + + + +grass + + + +Tree Planting Day + + + +Easter + + + +## Just write + + + +
MarchApriltree
grassstopegg
+ + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00031.md b/markdowns/education_english_00031.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cd14949d4702d741a669dfb83a23e3d705e234a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00031.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +## Revision + +## Fun story + +## Read and act. + + + +It is January 1st. Spring is coming. There is still snow on the windows. Mimi gives Micky a nice book as a New Year’s gift. + + +You aren't reading the book. When do youwant to read it? + +I will read it tomorrow. + +It is March 1st. It is spring. Micky is climbing a tree. He is having fun. + + + +Mimi is reading.But I will read ittomorrow. + +It is June. It is already summer. The peach tree has a lot of fruit. Micky is picking peaches. He isn’t reading the book. + + + +It is October. Autumn is here. The leaves are red, yellow and brown. Micky is looking for a bird. He isn’t reading the book. + + +You didn't do any reading the whole year! + +It is December 31st. It is the last day of the last month of the year. It is snowing. It is winter time. Micky is still playing. + + +What is thebook about? +It's about you. + +What is the book about? What is Micky thinking of? Tell your friend. + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00032.md b/markdowns/education_english_00032.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2724119f964ee21260fc9b38fa2d47ffec4a6a1d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00032.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +## Let's play + +Find the 9th answer! + +The first group that finds the 9th answerwill get five + + + + + +You must find all the answers first! + +I know the first answer! + +I know the second answer! + + + +## Find the answers. Write them in the puzzle. + + + +▢ What's the weather like in summer? + +▢ What's this shape? + +☐ My grandpa has his 70th birthday party. How old is he? + +▢ What is the 12th month of the year? + +▢ What is the hottest season of the year? + +❑ What is the short form for the 2nd month of the year? + +❑ Which country is New York in? + +□ What is the first season of the year? \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00033.md b/markdowns/education_english_00033.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f1c247f662f1a76611fa90827bf3853b8d327dd6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00033.md @@ -0,0 +1,198 @@ +July /dʒuˈlaɪ/ 七月 + +June /dʒuːn/ 六月 + +## K + +kid /kɪd/ 小孩 + +kind /kaɪnd/ 种类 + +## L + +Labour Day 劳动节 + +light /laɪt/ 点燃 + +light the candles +点蜡烛 + +little /ˈlɪtl/ 一点 + +lunch /lʌntʃ/ 午餐 + +## M + +make a snowman 堆雪人 + +make a wish 许愿 + +make dolls 做布娃娃 + +map/mæp/地图 + +March /mɑːtʃ/ 三月 + +May /meɪ/ 五月 + +me /miː/ 我(I的宾格) + +month /mʌnθ/ 月 + +morning /'mɔːnɪŋ/ 早晨 + +Mother's Day 母亲节 + +mum /mʌm/ 妈妈 + +## N + +National Day 国庆节 + +New Year's Day 元旦 + +November + +/nəʊˈvembə/ 十一月 + +## ◯ + +October /ɒkˈtəʊbə/ 十月 + +often /'ɒfn/时常;常常 + +open /ˈəʊpən/ 开;打开 + +## P + +photo /'fəʊtəʊ/ 照片 + +pick apples 摘苹果 + +plant /plaːnt/ +植物;种植 + +plant flowers 种花 + +play computer games +玩电脑游戏 + +play the piano + 弹钢琴 + +## R + +rain /reɪn/ 雨;下雨 + +read stories 读故事 + +## S + +School begins. +开始上课。 + +School is over. + 放学 + +season /'si:zn/ 季节 + +see a film 看电影 + +September /sep'temba/ 九月 + +sing the birthday song 唱生日歌 + +snowman /'snəʊmæn/ 雪人 + +spring /sprɪŋ/ 春天 + +Spring Festival 春节 + +star-shaped cake +星形蛋糕 + +stop /stɒp/(使)停止 + +summer /'sʌmə/ 夏天 + +sure /ʃʊə/ 当然 + +sweep the snow 扫雪 + +## T + +take a walk 散步 + +take photos 照相 + +tea /ti:/ 茶 + +teach English 教英语 + +Teachers' Day 教师节 + +Thanksgiving +/ˌθæŋksˈgɪvɪŋ/ 感恩节 + +the Party's birthday 党的生日 + +the eighth month of the year +一年里的第八个月 + +the eleventh month of the year 一年里的第十一个月 + +the fifth month of the year +一年里的第五个月 + +the first month of the year +一年里的第一个月 + +the first month of the year +一年里的第一个月 + +the ninth month of the year +一年里的第九个月 + +the second month of the year +一年里的第二个月 + +the seventh month of the year +一年里的第七个月 + +the sixth month of the year +一年里的第六个月 + +the tenth month of the year +一年里的第十个月 + +the third month of the year +一年里的第三个月 + +the twelfth month of the year 一年里的第十二个月 + +their /ðeə/ +他(她、它)们的 + +then /ðen/ 那时 + +time /taɪm/ 时间 + +tree/tri:/树;树木 + +Tree Planting Day 植树节 + +## W + +walk /wɔːk/ 走;步行 + +weather /ˈweðə/ 天气 + +white /wait/ 白色(的) + +winter /ˈwɪntə/ 冬天 + +## Y + +year /jɪə/ 年 + +yellow /ˈjeləʊ/ 黄色(的) diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00034.md b/markdowns/education_english_00034.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1f660a028bdcdade2e4c31e20b3d665722156f8a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00034.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +## 5 Let's play + +Can you remember? + + + +Colin: What would you like to eat? + +Alice: I'd like a plate of fish. + +Liu: I’d like twenty beef dumplings. + +Kevin: I’d like a chicken hamburger. + +Kitty: I’d like a bowl of tomato noodles. + +Colin: OK. A plate of fish, twenty beef dumplings, a chicken hamburger and a bowl of tomato noodles. Wait a minute, please. + +## 6 Look and talk + + + +Wu Chen: Who's the short boy with a cap? + +Kevin: He is my cousin. He was short then. But now he is very tall. + +Wu Chen: Who is the old man under the tree? + +Kevin: He is my grandpa. I took the photo last year on his farm. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00035.md b/markdowns/education_english_00035.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3636ee9e8f6c6d374e9a63596c2a7f779ad4110a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00035.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +## Read and discuss + +What do you think of Tommy? +What should he do? + +Tommy: What a fine day! I don't want to go to school. I'd like to play in the park. + + + +Tommy: Do I have to go to school? Let me see. Oh, I have an idea! + + + +Tommy: Hello. May I speak to Mr. Black? + +Mr. Black: This is Mr. Black. + +Tommy: Good morning, Mr. Black. + +My little Tommy is ill. He can't go to school today. + + + +Mr. Black: I see. But who is that? + +Tommy: This is my father. + +Mr. Black: ... + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00036.md b/markdowns/education_english_00036.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..616367279c8bda504906dd76d85efdc9d095012d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00036.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +## ⑦ Talk, write and tell + +Work in groups. + +a. Ask your group members: What do you enjoy doing on weekends? Complete the form. + +
Do you enjoy ____ on weekends?How many students enjoy it?
Roller skatingTwo
Playing badminton
Flying a kite
Running
Swimming
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Do you enjoy playing ____ on weekends?How many students enjoy it?
Basketball
Volleyball
Table tennis
Tennis
Football
+ +b. Show the form to the class. Tell the class about the form. + +This is our form.Two students enjoy rollerskating on weekends. + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00037.md b/markdowns/education_english_00037.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6ef8131491a6ad8c141a9411abadb871b18ea12e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00037.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +Activity 3 Talk to your classmates + +Tell your classmates about one of your friends. Use the sentences in the box. + +How old is he/she? + +What (subject) does he/she like? + +What does he/she enjoy doing? + +When is his/her birthday? + +What is he/she good/great at? + +What is his/her favourite month? Why? + +Example: Zhang Lili is twelve years old. Her birthday is on November 10th. She likes Chinese and English. She enjoys listening to music. She is great at table tennis. She is the first in the school game. + + + +Activity 4 Read, listen and write + +Listen to the story. Choose a word to fill in the blank. Then, look at the picture at the end and finish the story. + +Today is the fifth day in March. It's ___(Jan. 25th, Feb. 5th, Mar. 5th). It's the School Sports Day. All ___(a, an, the) children are very excited. Zhou Lin, Li Xiao and Andy are going to ___(run, roller skate, skip) in a race. + +Wang Li and Amy are going to play _____ (skateboard, table tennis, toys) for their class. Zhou Lin is very good at _____ (run, runs, running). He comes _____ (one, first, good). His friends are very happy. They all _____ (enjoy, enjoying, enjoyed) sports and like the School Sports Day. Next, Wang Li and Zhang Jia play for their class. Amy______________________________ + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00038.md b/markdowns/education_english_00038.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e88bbd4a1ffbecff61fef448ac5a43a102bc9ec4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00038.md @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +## Do a survey + +How did people do things in the past? How do people do things now? + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
In the pastNow
washed clothes by handuse a washing machine
+ + + +wash dlothes by hand + + + +use a washing macine + + + +write letters + + + +write emails + + + +watch black and white TV + + + +watch colour TV + +In the past, people washed clothesby hand. Now people use a washingmachine. + + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00039.md b/markdowns/education_english_00039.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5d231eb7875202af15cd09642b9cc2b776161450 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00039.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +## Project 1 + +## Our school + +➀ What was your school like in the past? Ask your teachers and find out. + + + +• How many classrooms were there? + +• Were there a lot of trees around the playground? + +• Was there a computer room? + +• Was there a library? + +• Was there a garden? + +... + +② What is your school like now? Complete the table below and then give a report. + +
Our school____years agoNow
classroom____(number)____(number)
computer roomYes☐No☐Yes☐No☐
libraryYes☐No☐Yes☐No☐
gardenYes☐No☐Yes☐No☐
+ + + +In the past, there was/were ... +There wasn't/weren't... +Now, there's/there are ... + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00040.md b/markdowns/education_english_00040.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..088cfe2273b0b676ab298886cb915b1dbc1785ba --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00040.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +## Make and say + + + +Find a painting. + + + +Find a piece of cardboard. + + + +Stick the painting onto the cardboard. + + + +Cut the picture into pieces. + + + +Now do the puzzle. + + + +Let's make a puzzle. + +We need + +All right. What do we need? \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00041.md b/markdowns/education_english_00041.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1debb3e019df2043d109151b2b5f7dd98172f505 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00041.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +## ③ In groups, make a leaflet about the display. + +This is our first arts and crafts display. There are ___ paintings, ___ drawings, ___________ and ___________ in the display. Here are some of them: + + + +by Peter + + + +by Jill + + + +by Kitty + + + +Welcome to Class ___'s arts and crafts display! + + + +We hope you will enjoy our arts and crafts display! diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00042.md b/markdowns/education_english_00042.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0c74311a9200c66e118aaf5f74e170bbcc4db0fb --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00042.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +## Complete the diary for Mark. + +Monday, 12th May + +On my way home, I met a woman. We talked about ________. + +The sign for the underground station in Shanghai is ________. The sign for the underground station in the UK is a _ .The word "_________" is in the middle. + +She also told me about animal signs. These signs tell people to ________________________. + + + +## Look and learn + + + +Look out for children. + + + +Look out for animals. + + + +No smoking. + + + +Keep quiet. + + + +No swimming. + + + +Don't walk on the grass. diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00043.md b/markdowns/education_english_00043.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..501a25cdba736998bc97446aef42f990c1ca6805 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00043.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +Read a story + +## The path of stones + +① + + + +Jack and Jane lived by the forest. Their father often said to them, "Never go into the forest. You may get lost." One day, Jack said to Jane, "Let's go into the forest and have a look." + +② + +Jack and Jane went into the forest. They saw beautiful flowers and interesting insects. They were happy. After some time, they felt hungry and tired. + + + +③ + + + +Jane looked around. She could not find her way. She said to Jack, "Jack, we're lost!" "Don't worry. Look at the stones on the ground. I dropped them on the way. We can follow them back home," said Jack. diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00044.md b/markdowns/education_english_00044.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..74b222385e22525b3ad6b4b48bd96179df7630c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00044.md @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +## Grammar review fable + +## 1 Pronouns + +
Iwetheyyouhesheit
meusthemyouhimherit
myourtheiryourhisherits
mineourstheirsyourshishers
+ +## ② Countable nouns + + + + + + + +
a pear
pears
+
+ + + + + + +
an applean orange
applesbuses
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
a boxa potato a matcha bus
boxespotatoesmatchesbuses
+ + + + + + + + +
a leaf
leaves
+ + + + + + + + + +
a babya library
babieslibraries
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
a mana woman
menwomen
+ +
a foota tooth
feetteeth
+ + + + + + + + + + +
a sheepa fish
sheepfish
+ + + + + + + +
a child
children
+
a mouse
mice
+ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00045.md b/markdowns/education_english_00045.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bba6365c4ee0f027fda1e274a2434a3bf268cabc --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00045.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +## ⑥ have, like + + + + +
I/We/They/Youhavesome biscuits.
He/She/Ithas
+ + + + + +
Do they/you have any cousins ?
Doeshe/she
+ + + + +
I/We/They/You like playing football .
He/She/Itlikes
+ + + + +
Do you/they like playing football .
Doeshe/she
+ + + +## ⑦ do, does, go, goes ... + +
The sunrisesin the morning.
goes downin the evening
+ + + +
I/We/They/Youoftenplay football
go shopping
at the weekend.
He/Sheplays football
goes shopping
+ +
Dothey/youplay footballat the weekend?
Doeshe/shesee a film
+ + +## ⑧ Wh-questions + +
Whatisit/this/that?
arethey/these/those
doeshe/shedo
dowe/they/youhave
+ + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00046.md b/markdowns/education_english_00046.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8596bdecf92f417899e1d2ee173639716d0cb385 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00046.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ + + +Henry Penny, Cocky Locky and Goosey Loosey run down the road. They saw Lucky Ducky. + + + +Henny Penny, Cocky Locky, Goosey Loosey and Lucky Ducky ran down the road. They met Mr Fox. + + + + + +They followed Mr Fox to his home, Nobody saw Henny Penny, Cocky Lucky, Goosey Looney or Lucky Ducky again. Now Mr Fox is very fat. He hopes the sky falls down every day! + +## Ⓑ Answer the questions. + +1. What fell on Henry Percy? + +2. Who did Henry Penny meet first? + +3. Where did Mr Fox take the four birds? + +4. What do you think happened to the four birds? + +5.Was the sky falling? + +## © Act out the story. + + +## 故事梗概: + +Henny Penny 在大树下觅食的时候,一粒坚果掉在她头上。她以为天要塌了,吓得撒腿就跑。一路上,她依次碰到了 Cocky Locky, Goosey Loosey 和 Lucky Ducky,并告诉他们天要塌了。他们也吓坏了,纷纷跟着她逃亡。当他们碰到狐狸,并告诉狐狸天要塌了时,狡猾的狐狸说他们家很安全,并邀请他们去避难。他们跟这狐狸去了,从此之后再也没有人见到过他们,而只见到长胖了的狐狸…… + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00047.md b/markdowns/education_english_00047.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a43ab687b717dfd871e5a8feae9825feba847034 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00047.md @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +2. 说中监控 + +要求学生根据自己的实际情况,围绕第二组的三个问题两人一组开展对话。教师巡视全班,确保每个学生都在认真对话;此外,要鼓励有能力的学生输出更多轮的对话,还要解决个别学困生的问题。 + +3. 说后展评 + +请不同层次的学生进行对话,引导优秀、中等生说得更多、更好;鼓励学困生开口说,并及时表扬他们的进步。 + +## C. Let's read. + +1. 读前: 看图预测 + +教师引导学生看C项插图并预测文章内容:Tina, Jenny and Sherry are going on their summer vacation. Look at the pictures. Where are they going? What do you think they are going to do there? + +2. 读中:完成任务 + +(1)第一遍读的任务:Match the pictures with the paragraphs. 即请学生通读文章,验证读前预测,并获取文章大意,把图片和相对应的段落连线。 + +(2)第二遍阅读的任务:Read the passage and fill in the chart. 建议学生首先在文中画出与答案相关的文字,然后再根据相关文字填写表格。 + +3. 读后:总结回顾 + +(1)教师带领学生核对答案。 + +(2)请学生首先尝试自己朗读文段,然后跟录音修正和提高自己的朗读技巧。 + +(3)请学生根据图片和填好的表格的提示,复述Tina、Jenny and Sherry的暑假计划。或者设计以下讨论活动:If you want to go to the UK/USA, how are you going there? What are you going to do there? + +## D. Let's write. + +1. 写前 + +组织学生结对活动,就D项的问题进行问答。提醒学生用完整的句子回答,为写作做准备。 + +2. 写中 + +请学生根据问题的引导写出自己暑假的旅游计划。要求学生至少写出五至六句话;并鼓励学生表达自己的真情实感。 + +可提醒学生参考C项文章的内容和写法。在学生写作过程中,教师巡视全班,发现问题及时解决,帮助不同层次的学生取得进步。 + +3. 写后 + +(1)引导学生运用下表进行自我评价。 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
评价内容GreatBetterGood
书写规范
句义连贯
内容丰富
+ +(2)请学生相互阅读对方作品,相互学习,并写出简单的评语。 + +Tip: 重点提醒学生相互检查一般将来时“be going to + 动词原形”的结构在写作中的表达是否准确。 + +(3)教师引导全班分享几份不同层次的作品,指出优点,提出改进建议。 + +(4)请学生修改自己的作品,再上交给教师。 + +(5)建议展出全班学生修改后的作品,让全班学生在课后相互观看,互相学习。读者越多,创作者的动力越大。 diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00048.md b/markdowns/education_english_00048.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6a34d9123bf1c0c71224f4ddbbc31b52512cc7ba --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00048.md @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +## A. Listen and write. + +1. 复习热身 + +师生就 Travel Plans, In China 和 A Great Trip 三个话题自由谈话, 可谈论过去的度假情况和寒假度假计划: + +Where did you go last summer vacation? + +Where is it? + +How did you go there? + +What is it famous for? + +What did you do there? + +Where do you want to go this winter vacation? + +Where is it? + +How do you want to go there? + +What is it famous for? + +... + +2. 听前准备 + +引导学生关注A项的文字和图片信息:Look at Part A. What are Bill's family doing? What can you see in the pictures? What are these places? + +引导学生明确听力任务:填空;并预测横线上可能填什么内容。 + +3. 听中完成任务 + +播放三遍录音,要求学生第一遍整体了解听力内容;第二遍边听边查相关信息;第三遍边听边补全缺漏,检查和修正答案。 + +4. 听后核对答案 + +教师分别运用以下功能句可引导学生逐一核对答案:How many hours does it take to fly from Beijing to Chengdu? How many hours does it take to travel from Beijing to Xi'an by train? How can you get to Shaolin Temple from Beijing within four hours? How can you get to Tibet from Beijing within five hours? + +在核对完答案后,请学生再听一遍录音,将四个地方出名的原因,以及游客可以在该处所做的活动记录下来,为B项的说做准备。 + +## B. Let's talk. + +1. 说前复习、示范 + +(1) 承上启下 + +依据A项内容,师生一起讨论第一个问题:What can you do in Sichuan? + +之后,请学生结对讨论:What can you do in Henan/Shaanxi/Tibet? + +(2) 示范对话 + +教师和一个学生示范,围绕所有五个问题进行对话,可在此基础上拓展。 + +2. 说中监控 + +要求学生根据B项五个问题的提示和自己的实际情况对话。 + +教师要巡视全班,确保每个学生都认真对话。此外,可鼓励学有余力的学生输出更多话轮,并帮助学习有困难的学生完成对话。 + +3. 说后展评 + +请不同层次的学生分别展示对话,引导优秀、中等生说得更多、更好:鼓励学困生开口说,并及时表扬他们的进步。 + +## C. Let's read. + +1. 读前:预测内容 + +教师提醒学生根据标题和图片预测文章内容,如:Look at the title. Guess who had a wonderful holiday in China? + +Now look at the three pictures. What + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00049.md b/markdowns/education_english_00049.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cdfbc6fdab775852456fcbfedfcd3ec11126bda6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00049.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +Setting(环境): In a village + +Characters (人物): Wenwen, Taotao, Baobao, the wolf, the mother + +Plot(情节): +1. The mother left the three children at home, and an old wolf saw allthis. + +2. The old wolf pretended to be the children's grandmother and visited them. + +3. They went to bed together. + +4. Wenwen found that the wolf was not their grandmother. She took her brothers out to "get nuts for the wolf". + +5. They climbed to the top of the tree, and asked the wolf to get into a basket beside the tree. + +6. They pulled the wolf high in the air and then let go of the rope. + +7. The wolf couldn'tmove. + +8. The children climbed down from the tree, ran into the house andlocked the door. They were safe. + +Tip: 教师要引导学生进一步分析故事的结构,故事的开端是什么,发展过程是什么,高潮是什么,结局是什么。每一步可以总结成一到两个句子,为复述故事打基础。 + +(5)复述故事 + +教师请学生看故事图片,或根据上面完成的故事结构图,尝试复述故事。 + +可以组织学生先在小组内练习,然后随机选取几个组进行展示。 + +(6)拓展讨论 + +What do you think of the wolf/children? +What have you learned from the story? + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00050.md b/markdowns/education_english_00050.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..10bd25a4ccfaf803bc0b61f4954956f41bbd6968 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00050.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +What's your favourite season? + +Spring. It's warm and windy. +I can fly a kite in spring. + + + +## 单元教学目标 + +## 语言技能目标 + +## 第一层次: + +1. 能够听懂、会说有关季节及其气温特点的八个词汇:spring, summer, autumn, winter, hot, warm, cool 和 cold,并尝试借助图片和首、尾字母提示整体识别单词。 + +2. 能够听懂、会说有关询问和回答某人最喜爱的季节及其气温特点的功能句:What's your favourite season? Spring. / Summer. / Autumn. / Winter. It's warm / hot/cool/cold. 并能初步在恰当的情境中运用。 + +3. 能够按照正确笔顺书写字母 Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll;复习它们在词首的常见发音,并尝试拼读单词,然后把其所缺字母补充完整;尝试在图片和首、尾字母的帮助下整体识别单词。 + +## 第二层次: + +能够借助录音、图片、文字和教师的讲解读懂本单元的小故事,并能在教师帮助下尝试表演故事。 + +## 其他目标 + +1. 能够跟随录音大胆模仿说唱本单元的歌谣和歌曲。 + +2. 能够在谈论季节的活动中,进一步关注四季的不同特点,增长生活常识。 + +3. 能够从本单元的故事中体会到不劳无获的道理。 + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00051.md b/markdowns/education_english_00051.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..363c77177627d5a9c81aaecc0b6dfce55a3a2b10 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00051.md @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +## A. Look, listen and repeat. + +1. 热身复习 + +(1)教师带领学生复习第一课时的歌谣。 + +(2)“听一听,猜一猜”游戏:板书呈现第一课时的八个词汇后,教师说:/h/, 学生听音后回应说:hot。教师提问:In which season is the weather hot? 然后引导学生关注单词首字母的发音,巩固第一课时的内容。 + +2. 呈现新的学习内容 + +(1)教师引导学生观察主情境图,然后提问学生:Who are they? Where are they? What are they doing? What are Angel and Lucky talking about? 从而引出对话情境。 + +(2)聚焦A项对话:教师出示A项图,把文字部分覆盖住,引导学生观察图片后回答:How about Joy, Yaoyao and Lily? What are they talking about? + +3. 语言学习和操练 + +(1)教师呈现对话内容,请学生看图听对话,感知大意。 + +(2) 学生听对话录音,再次感知。 + +(3)学生听录音,反复跟读。 + +(4)分角色朗读:师生集体分角色朗读对话;学生集体分角色朗读对话;学生结对分角色朗读对话;最后请学生展示。 + +## B. Let's survey. + +1. 出示调查表 + +(1)教师引导学生看B项图片,说一说图片中的内容。 + +(2)学生聚焦对话人物Andy和Yaoyao。然后教师提问:What are they talking about? + +(3)学生听录音,了解对话内容。 + +(4)学生再次听录音,教师依据对话内容说明调查表填写方法。 + +(5)教师与一名学生结对,示范对话并填写表格。 + +T: David, what's your favourite season? + +S: Winter. I can make a snowman. What's your favourite season? + +T: Spring. I can fly a kite. + +2. 结对调查 + +(1)学生听问题:What's your favourite season? 然后全班先进行20秒的思考后再进行交流。 + +(2) 学生结对问答,完成调查。 + +(3)学生汇报调查结果。 + +Tip: 调查前,教师应给学生充足的思考时间,以便让学生能够结合个人情况真实地进行语言表述。 + +3. 学习补充歌曲 + +(1)教师播放录音,让学生欣赏歌曲。 + +Tip: 教师根据四季颜色提供相应图片,帮助学生理解歌词含义。 + +(2)教师再次播放录音,让学生跟唱歌曲。 + +## 4. 创编新对话 + +(1)教师呈现图片情境,并进行示范,如: + +S: What's your favourite season? + +T: Winter. It's cold and white. I can make a snowman. + +(2) 学生结对尝试创编对话。 + +(3) 学生展示所编对话。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00052.md b/markdowns/education_english_00052.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..01632d17194e91613d12b768474a713a5c808fc5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00052.md @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +Look, match and write. + +a. waiter + +b. engineer + +c. doctor + +d. cook + +e. postman + +f. nurse + +1. + + + +He's a doctor. + +2. + + + +3. + + + +4. + + + +5. + + + +6. + + + +## Listen and circle the words you hear. + +1. A. plane B. black C. fly D. blue + +2. A. coin B. oil C. point D. boil + +3. A. soy B. joy C. toy D. boy + +4. A. moon B. spoon C. room D. soon + +5. A. food B. cook C. mood D. good + +## Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the given words. + +1. I wash my __________ (foot) every day. So they are very clean. + +2. There are six big yellow __________ (box) in the classroom. + +3. Look! Two __________ (fly) are swimming in my soup. + +4. She can sing many English and Chinese ________ (song). + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00053.md b/markdowns/education_english_00053.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c92d19960eba295dbc9bfcc67fb5896cebc78f35 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00053.md @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +## Self-assessment + +How well do you know Unit 2? Draw 🙂, 😐 or ☹️ for your work. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Super!Great!Try hard!
I can say the new words.
I can act out the dialogues.
I can spell the words with the sounds cl, gl,br,fr,pr,cr,gr, tr and dr.
I can read the stories.
I can use verbs,pronouns,
adjectives and adverbs
correctly.
I can sing.
I can chant.
+ +Now let's do more practice. + +## Listen and tick. + +1. + +2. + +3. + +4. + +5. + +6. diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00054.md b/markdowns/education_english_00054.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0f7d63a1ab2222ad501c7a03b5d6d3bbc0646df0 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00054.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +## Read and understand. + +It was a lovely summer in the countryside. The sun was shining. A mother duck was sitting on some eggs. The mother duck had to work hard, for the little ones were coming out of their shells. Finally some baby ducks were born and cried, "Peep, peep." "Quack, quack," said the mother, and then they all quacked like that. At last the largest egg broke, and a young one came out. He was very large and ugly. His mother didn't like him. But his brothers and sisters didn't like him. He had to run away from home. + +Autumn came and the leaves turned yellow. He felt lonely. + +Winter came. It was so cold. The poor duckling felt very sad. + +Spring came. He swam in a big lake. Now he was a beautiful swan. How happy he was! + +Sit on some eggs means ___. + + + +A. 坐在蛋上 +B. 孵蛋 + +Run away from home means _______________ in Chinese. + + + +Read the story and number the following pictures. + + +() + + +() + + +() + + +() + + +() + + +() + +Read again and write T (true) or F (false). + +( ) 1. It was summer and a mother duck was playing in the grass. + +( ) 2. The mother duck didn't like her babies. + +( ) 3. The Ugly Duckling didn't like his brothers or sisters. + +( )4. The Ugly Duckling felt lonely in autumn. + +( ) 5. The Ugly Duckling was very happy because he was a beautiful swan. + +Retell the story based on the pictures above, or act out the story in groups. diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00055.md b/markdowns/education_english_00055.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8dd65d695b45b81c9840dd5458ef8feb273624ca --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00055.md @@ -0,0 +1,258 @@ +## Word List + +(标注*号的要求能听懂、会说,其余的还要求能整体认读) + +## Unit 1 Different Jobs + +## Lesson 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
postman邮递员
post office邮局
waiter服务生
restaurant饭店
engineer工程师
factory工厂
on night duty值夜班
taxi driver出租车司机
bring带来
sir先生
+ +## Lesson 2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
good好的
better更好的
cheap便宜的
cheaper更便宜的
long长的
longer更长的
big大的
bigger更大的
tall高的
taller更高的
hot热的
hotter更热的
short短的
shorter更短的
pretty漂亮的
prettier更漂亮的
on sale廉价出售
than usual与平时相比
try on试穿
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
*honey宝贝;蜂蜜
suit适合
well很好地;充分地
marry
*princess公主
*smart聪明的
*well-learned有学问的
+ +## Lesson 3 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
have a headache头疼
have a cough咳嗽
have a cold感冒
see a doctor看病
stay in bed卧床休息
take some medicine吃药
healthy健康的
way of life生活方式
feel ill感到难受
must必须
stay at home待在家里
had better do sth.最好做某事
had better not do sth.最好不要做某事
have a good rest好好休息
miss错过
match比赛
laugh
most大多数
*laughter笑声
*equal等于
*exercise muscle锻炼肌肉
*breathe deeply深呼吸
*relax放松
be good for对……有好处
sick people病人
diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00056.md b/markdowns/education_english_00056.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e1f7fff702d33fbb456889693045a4125336b575 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00056.md @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ +Wordlist (by unit) + +注:本表不收录有关指示语、语法讲解、学习技巧和课题(Project)中的生词。括号中所标数字为该词条在本教科书中首次出现时的页码。带*号的单词只要求会读、听得懂,不要求拼写。单词音标以Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary (7th Edition)为依据,其中元音有短元音/i/、/e/、/æ/、/ʌ/和弱元音/i/、/u/、/ə/、/ʊə/之分。 + +## Unit 1 + + +
palace /'pæləs/ n. 皇宫,宫殿(6)
next to prep. 紧邻,在…近旁(6)
town /taʊn/ n. 镇,城镇(6)
Canada /'kænədə/ n. 加拿大(7)
France /frɑːns/ n. 法国(7)
Japan /'dʒæpən/ n. 日本(7)
Russia /'rʌʃə/ n. 俄罗斯(7)
UK /juː 'keɪ/ əbbr (= United Kingdom) 英国(7)
London /'lʌndən/ n. 伦敦(7)
country /'kʌntri/ n. 国家(7)
capital /'kæpɪtl/ n. 首都(7)
mile /maɪl/ n. 英里(8)
garden /'gɑːdn/ n. 花园,果园(8)
*flat /flæt/ n. 公寓,套房(8)
centre /'sentə(r)/ n. <英> 中心 = <美> center(8)
living room n. 起居室,客厅(8)
share /ʃeə(r)/ vt. 合用,分享(8)
share sth with sb 与某人合用/分享某物(8)
bedroom /'bedruːm; 'bedrʊm/ n. 卧室(8)
own /oʊn/ adj. 自己的(8)
bathroom /'bɑːθruːm; 'bɑːθrʊm/ n. 浴室,盥洗室(8)
*balcony /'bælkəni/ n. 阳台(8)
beach /biːtʃ/ n. 海滩(8)
sea /siː/ n. 海(8)
dining room n. 餐厅(9)
zero /'ziːərəʊ/ num. 零(11)
hundred /'hʌndrəd/ num. 百(11)
thousand /'θaʊzənd/ num. 千(11)
million /'mɪljən/ num. 百万(11)
foot /fʊt/ n. (pl. feet) 英尺(11)
square /skweə(r)/ adj. 平方的(11)
metre /'miːtə(r)/ n. <英> 米,公尺 = <美> meter(11)
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
area /ˈeəriə/ n. 面积(11)
over /ˈəʊvə(r)/ prep. 超过(11)
fork /fɔːk/ n. 叉,叉子(13)
fridge /frɪdʒ/ n. (= refrigerator) 冰箱(13)
knife /naɪf/ n. (pl. knives) 刀(13)
lamp /læmp/ n. 灯,台灯(13)
shower /ˈʃaʊə(r)/ n. 淋浴器,淋浴(13)
sofa /ˈsəʊfə/ n. 沙发(13)
video /ˈvɪdiəʊ/ n. 录像;视频(14)
be full of 满是(14)
of one's own 属于某人自己的(14)
some day 将来有一天,总有一天(14)
may /meɪ/ modal v. 可以,也许,可能(14)
message /ˈmesɪdʒ/ n. 消息,音信(14)
take a message 传个话,捎个口信(14)
call sb back 回电话(14)
double /ˈdʌbl/ adj. 双的,两倍的(14)
study /ˈstʌdi/ n. 书房(16)
machine /məˈʃiːn/ n. 机器(16)
washing machine /ˈwɒʃɪŋ məˈʃiːn/ n. 洗衣机(16)
at the foot of 在…脚下(17)
field /fiːld/ n. 地,田(17)
football field n. 足球场(17)
home cinema n. 家庭影院(17)
invite /ɪnˈvaɪt/ vt. 邀请(17)
stay /steɪ/ vi. 停留,逗留(17)
+ +## Unit 2 + +
neighbour /ˈneɪbə(r)/ n. <英> 邻居
= <美> neighbor
(18)
* wow /waʊ/ excl. 哇,呀(18)
will /wɪl/ modal v. 将,将会(18)
visitor /ˈvɪzɪtə(r)/ n. 访问者,参观者(18)
like /laɪk/ prep. 像,类似;…怎么样(18)
*waiter /ˈweɪtə(r)/ n. (餐馆等的)服务员(18)
diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00057.md b/markdowns/education_english_00057.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a7a00475c5728151a80723ca198ec72fd7e7030a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00057.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ + + +Grammar + +## A Using a, an and the + +We use a or an when we mention a person or thing for the first time. We use the before a noun when the person or thing is mentioned again, or when we are talking about a specific person or thing. + + + +Look! Here is a panda. + + + +The panda is eating bamboo. + +## Fun in the zoo + +Millie and Daniel are talking about the animals in the zoo. Complete their conversation with a, an or the. + +Millie: Let's go to the Panda House first. + +Daniel: Here we are. I can see (1) ________ panda there. It's lying on the grass. + +Millie: How cute! I really love pandas. Look! There's $^{(2)}$ ________ baby panda. It's so small. + +Daniel: Yes.$^{(3)}$ ___ baby panda doesn't look like its mother. + +Millie: Now let's go to see some lions. + +Daniel: Are ${}^{(4)}$ ___ lions in ${}^{(5)}$ ___ open area? + +Millie: No, they aren't. They're in (6) __________ very big cage. + +Daniel: I see. + +(Half an hour later) + +Daniel: Millie, here's (7) ________ bridge. What can you see across it? + +Millie: Oh, (8) ________ elephant is standing over there. + +Daniel: Let's go across ${}^{(9)}$ ___ bridge and see ${}^{(10)}$ ___ elephant. + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00058.md b/markdowns/education_english_00058.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7f95de8a591a1a89eea96194e7364ba0f1fe5af5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00058.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +## Talking about the past + +A→ Millie wants to practise using the simple past tense. Help her write the simple past tense of the verbs below. + +1 start ___ + +2 love ___ + +3 play ___ + +4 plan ___ + +5 reply ___ + +6 say ___ + +7 meet ___ + +8 hear ___ + +9 leave ___ + +10 tell ___ + +11 stand ___ + +12 bring ___ + +B→ The students visited the Fun World Museum. Here is Millie's diary entry. Help her complete it with the simple past tense of the verbs in brackets. + +This morning, we ${}^{(1)}$ ___ (go) to the Fun World Museum. When we ${}^{(2)}$ ___ (get) to the museum, there ${}^{(3)}$ ___ (be) a lot of people there. We ${}^{(4)}$ ___ (spend) three hours in the museum. + +I ${}^{(5)}$ __________ (take) a lot of photos. Some of us ${}^{(6)}$ __________ (buy) cards of the animals there. We ${}^{(7)}$ __________ (come) back to school at 1 p.m. We ${}^{(8)}$ __________ (have) a great time! + +C→ Daniel did not go to the Fun World Museum. Millie is telling him about the visit. Help Millie complete the conversation. + +Millie: We ${}^{(1)}$ ___ (go) to the Fun World Museum the day before yesterday, Daniel. It ${}^{(2)}$ ___ (be) so interesting! + +Daniel: Really? Tell me all about it. + +Millie: OK. We (3) ________ (see) a small monkey, only 11 centimetres tall! + +Daniel: That's amazing! What else? + +Millie: We also ${}^{(4)}$ ___ (learn) about some strange birds like dodos. They ${}^{(5)}$ ___ (live) on the earth a long time ago. + +Daniel: That's cool! + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00059.md b/markdowns/education_english_00059.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bb30fa5073c217ed2af0a3bb812ecf762b78ea27 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00059.md @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +## B Using What and How to express strong feelings + +We use What ... ! or How ... ! in a short phrase to express strong feelings about someone or something. + +How dangerous! + +What a brave man! + + + +We make sentences with What ... ! and How ... ! like this: + +We use a noun phrase after What to form an exclamation. We use an adjective after How to form an exclamation. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Noun phraseAdjective
Whata beautiful flower(it is)!Howbeautiful(the flower is)!
beautiful flowers(they are)!beautiful(the flowers are)!
an interesting idea(he has)!interesting(his idea is)!
interesting ideas(you have)!interesting(your ideas are)!
nice music(it is)!nice(the music is)!
+ +## What can Superman do? + +→ Millie is asking Simon what he knows about Superman. Help Millie complete the conversation with What and How. + +Millie: What can Superman do, Simon? + +Simon: Superman can see through walls. + +Millie: $^{(1)}$ ___ amazing! His eyes are just like X-rays. + +Simon: Yes. He can also burn things with his eyes. + +Millie: $^{(2)}$ ________ special eyes he has! How about his ears? + +Simon: He can hear things far away. + +Millie: $^{(3)}$ ________ strange! What else can he do? + +Simon: He can stop a train with his hands. + +Millie: $^{(4)}$ _______ strong he is! Can he fly? + +Simon: Yes. He can fly as fast as light. + +Millie: $^{(5)}$ ________ a wonderful man! + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00060.md b/markdowns/education_english_00060.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6fdb9777ac62dc99a64684757f5acbb52f11e09b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00060.md @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +Reading + +## A Poems about pets + +→ It is Pets Week at Sunshine Middle School. Millie took a poetry book about animals to school. Here are her favourite poems. + +## My dog + +My dog is the cleverest animal of all. + +He doesn't just run after a ball. + +With eyes open wide, + +5 He hunts when I hide. +He does wonderful tricks, +Builds me camps out of sticks. +He’d never bark or bite, +And he doesn’t like to fight. + +10 My dog is my best friend, +And I'll look after him till the end. + + + +## My goldfish + +My goldfish is a wonderful pet. She doesn't need a bed. + +15 She isn't any trouble. + +She doesn't bark. + +She doesn't miaow. + +Just bubbles, + +Bubbles, + +20 Bubbles. + +My goldfish is a wonderful pet. +She doesn't need a bed. +She isn't any trouble. +We don't have to feed her much. + +25 She doesn't need a gentle touch. +Just bubbles, +Bubbles, +Bubbles. + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00061.md b/markdowns/education_english_00061.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4bf74f36115d766687f9411b1630ff6f7635da84 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00061.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +## Learning tips + +## Unit 1 + +Change some words of the rhyme. + +替换歌谣中的部分歌词。 + +学会一首歌谣后,我们可以替换其中的部分单词,如用Art替换Music。这样,我们就编出一首新的歌谣了。把自己的歌谣大声念给大家听听吧! + +## Unit 2 + +MON = Monday. + +MON 等于 Monday。 + +在日历上表示星期的单词常常使用缩写形式,如 Monday 缩写为 MON,Tuesday 缩写为 TUE。 + +## Unit 3 + +Talk about your day. + +谈谈你的一天。 + +用学过的英语谈谈你某一天的活动。这样做,既可以帮助我们复习所学的单词和句型,也可以锻炼我们说英语的能力和胆量。 + +## Unit 4 + +Note this sound. + +注意这个字母的发音。 + +发这个音时,要控制口型,嘴巴不要张得太大。学习语音时,我们要先看清老师的口型,听准老师的发音,然后再认真模仿。 diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00062.md b/markdowns/education_english_00062.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d8e1e5cf2f2597b4224d7fa564f33511fb710ab7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00062.md @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +## Word lists + +## (I) + +## Unit 1 + +school 学校 + +subject 课程 + +Welcome back to ... +欢迎回到…… + +see 看见,看到 + +timetable 课程表;时间表 + +Chinese 语文(课) + +Maths 数学(课) + +Art 美术(课) + +PE 体育(课) + +Music 音乐(课) + +Science 科学(课) + +fun 乐趣,快乐 + +go to 去…… + +playground 操场 + +lesson 课 + +Monday 星期一 + +afternoon 下午 + +## Unit 2 + +after school 放学后 + +go 去 + +What day is it today? +今天星期几? + +Wednesday 星期三 + +match 比赛 + +today 今天 + +What a pity! 真遗憾! + +Saturday 星期六 + +All right. 好的。 + +Sunday 星期日 + +Tuesday 星期二 + +Thursday 星期四 + +Friday 星期五 + +get up 起床 + +when 什么时候 + +every 每个 + +day 天 + +## Unit 3 + +usually 通常,常常 + +go to school 上学 + +in the morning 在上午 + +have lunch 吃午饭 + +in the afternoon 在下午 + +play football 踢足球 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00063.md b/markdowns/education_english_00063.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..baf2dccf40f2f144b0a44cad883449d76e066481 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00063.md @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +学生根据录音信息完成连线活动Listen and match。 + + Before +short tallstrong quiet active funny ... + +Now +short tallstrong quiet active funny ... + +Mike + + + +John + + + +(3)教师组织学生根据听到的信息口头描述 Mike 和 John 的变化。 + +(4)教师再次放录音,组织学生打开教材跟读课文。 + +(5)组织学生细读对话,让学生提出自己不懂的词句,教师给予解释。对话中 You're wearing a pink T-shirt. 虽是指 Mike 老照片里所穿的衣服,但在谈论照片时,欧美人士比较倾向于用一般现在时或进行时进行描述。由于本单元学习的核心语言是现在与过去的比较,教师不需强调此句的用法,学生理解即可。 + +(6)教师组织学生分角色朗读并表演对话,亦可利用教师用书配套光盘中的角色扮演功能,请学生给对话配音。 + +方案二:从呈现完整对话到处理局部语言 + +(1)听前预测:延续Let's try的交流,教师介绍Let's talk的对话背景并提出问题,引导学生想象他们三人以前的样子和性格:John is looking at the old photos with Mike and Chen Jie. They are talking about their changes. What were they like before? + +教师可给出以下提示单词或短语: + +Appearance: short, tall, fat, thin, long hair, short hair ... + +Character: quiet, active, kind, funny ... +...... + +(2)整体感知对话,获取核心信息。教师请学生观看动画或阅读文本,根据文本信息完成表格。阅读对话,并在相关的信息下打钩。 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
BeforeNow
quietactivetallshortfunnyquietactivetallshortfunny
Mike
Chen Jie
John
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00064.md b/markdowns/education_english_00064.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f9427e91a02a99d552fb5d0d127e5f975bdc3c9b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00064.md @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +人物的表情、动作猜测问题的答案。 + +• 教师请学生带着问题看动画或阅读文本获取信息,并在此过程中帮助学生理解 drank 的意思。 + +(4)引出核心句型并理解、分析句型。 + +• 教师提问:What did Mike and his grandpa do? 引导学生回答:Mike ... Grandpa ... + +•教师继续提问:Did he do anything else? 引导学生回答:He ... + +• 教师板书核心句型,请学生找出句子中有什么特别的地方。核心句型如下: + +How was Grandpa’s weekend? It was good. + +What did he do? He stayed at home. + +Did you do anything else? I cleaned my room and washed my clothes. + +教师请学生认真思考,初步归纳一般过去时的句子有什么特点。 + +1. be — was + +2. V + ed + +3. did + +4. last weekend + +• 教师请学生认真思考,填写以下表格: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Iwasbusylast weekend.
He/__/Itbusy
You/We/__busy
+ +2. 巩固与拓展 + +方案一: + +(1)教师请学生完整地听对话之前先做头脑风暴活动,预测Grandpa与Mike周末过得怎么样,分别做了什么事情。教师可提出以下问题: + +What did Mike do last weekend? + +What did Grandpa do? + +How was their weekend? + +(2)“听对话,做动作”游戏 + +教师请学生听对话的录音,当听到描述 Mike 与 Grandpa 周末活动及感受的语句时,学生起立,重复读一次,如下所示: + +It was good.(起立并复读) + +I stayed at home with your grandma.(起立并复读) + +We drank tea in the afternoon and watched TV.(起立并复读) + +I watched TV, too.(起立并复读) + +I watched some children's on TV.(起立并复读) + +I cleaned my room and washed my clothes.(起立并复读) diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00065.md b/markdowns/education_english_00065.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..87d4b65b7b15a1b2558644bc0f5b2072ddd04703 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00065.md @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +• 本部分的教学目标是:学生能够听、说、读、写上述词组;能够正确运用上述词组描述人物在过去时间内做的事情;能够理解一般过去时动词的规则形式是在词尾加-ed。 + +教学建议: + +1. 呈现与操练 + +方案一:利用教材中的情景展开单词教学 + +(1)看一看,猜一猜 + +师生看Mike周末活动的图片,从一般性的周末活动到上周Mike所做的事情。教师请学生边看图边说出动词词组,从而引出一般过去时的动词词组。 + +(2)看一看,说一说 + +教师从 Mike 上周末所做的事情过渡到陈杰上周末的活动,利用教学挂图呈现 A Let's learn 板块的插图,提问:How was Chen Jie's weekend? What did she do? 请学生根据插图回答问题。 + +(3)教师请学生听 A Let's learn 板块的对话,听后写出对话中提到的活动名称。 + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
clean my roomcleaned my room
wash my clotheswashed my clothes
stay at homestayed at home √
watch TVwatched TV √
+ +(4)教师指着表格中右列的词组,请学生观察有什么特点,从而引出一般过去时动词的规则变化,即在动词词尾直接加-ed。教师引导学生对比朗读两列动词词组。 + +方案二:通过真实情景展开单词教学 + +(1) 师生一起吟唱有关周末活动的歌谣 What do you do on the weekend? 复习与周末活动有关的动词词组。 + +(2)师生一起看日历及活动图片进行问答,谈谈自己周末一般会做什么以及上周末做了什么。教师随机呈现一般现在时以及一般过去时的动词词组。师生对话示例如下: + +T: What do you usually do on weekends? + +Ss: I often ... + +T: How was your weekend? What did you do? + +Ss: I ... + +T: Did you watch TV last weekend? + +Ss: Yes, I did. + +(3)教师读出动词短语,学生快速做动作,谁的动作又快又准确,谁就获胜。 + +(4)“看谁做得快”游戏 + +每组学生选派一名代表背对黑板,教师指着黑板上的词组,请其他学生快速读出某个词组,台上的几名学生,谁做的动作最慢,谁就出局。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00066.md b/markdowns/education_english_00066.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..266e605e453e1fc95119e88f296e24d1cfea5974 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00066.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +据学生的实际情况提供 word bank。 + +Worksheet 示例如下: + +When did I go? + +On Jan. 29th + +Where did I go? + +the supermarket + +What did I do? + +bought new clothes + +cleaned the house + +Word Bank + +on Jan. 19th, on Jan. 29th, on Jan. 31st, on Feb. 3rd ... + +the cinema, the library, the supermarket, parents' home ... + +bought new clothes, packed the clothes, cleaned the house ... + +(5)教师引导学生理解 when, where, what 引导的一般过去时特殊疑问句的用法,建议教师通过呈现多个答句,让学生说问句。 + +(6)处理对话文本。教师提问:I had a busy winter holiday. What about Amy? Where did she go? How did she go there? What did she do? 教师完整地放一遍 Let's talk 录音,要求学生整体感知对话,回答问题。教师教授单词 beach,并让学生跟读对话。 + +方案二:从呈现完整对话到处理局部语言 + +(1)预测对话内容。完成Let's try后,教师提问:Sarah went to Hangzhou last winter holiday. What about Amy? Where did she go? How did she go there? What did she do? 要求学生带着问题观看动画或阅读文本后回答问题。板书参考如下: + +Amy's Trip + +When did she go? + +Where did she go? + +How did she go there? + +What did she do? +....... + +(2)教师与学生谈论 Amy 的三亚之行。教师呈现 A Let's talk 板块的插图,提出问题:What did Amy do on the first/second/... day? How did she feel? What was the weather like there? What did she eat there? Did she ...? 引导学生结合图片,发挥想象,对 Amy 在三亚旅游的细节进行对话,并教读单词 beach。 + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00067.md b/markdowns/education_english_00067.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..630377daa2a09d90d9837ab1bd2cf334c8cd09b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00067.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +## 3 Read the passage again and answer the questions. + +According to the passage, should people plan what they're going to say at parties? + +What do people think about those who talk too much? + +Describe two things you shouldn't do in a conversation. + +Why is it a good idea to nod and smile when the other person is talking? + +What does the quotation from Benjamin Disraeli tell you about people? + +## 4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box. + +sigh yawn nod avoid lack smile + +When I meet strangers, I don't like to talk about myself, so I ______ answering personal questions. + +There are very few foreign visitors to my town, so we ______ the opportunity to meet people from other countries. + +I said that we don't have enough opportunity to speak English and he ______ his head in agreement. + +I think the man I spoke to was tired — he ______ a lot. + +He looked very sad when I asked him about his home. He ______ when he answered me. + +I felt very welcome when I arrived at the party. The host ______ at me and shook my hand. + +Don't + +• look at your watch + +• yawn + +• sigh + +• look away from the person who's talking to you + +• change the subject + +• finish other people's sentences for them + +how long you should stay, and when you have to leave. Some hosts expect flowers or a small gift, but in other places, you can take things, but you needn't if you don't want to. Remember also that in some countries, you mustn't take flowers of a certain colour, because they're unlucky. In most places, you don't have to take a gift to a party—but find out first! + +Always remember the words of Benjamin Disraeli, British Prime Minister in the 19th century: "Talk to a man about himself, and he will speak to you for hours!" + + + +## Learn the rules + +If you go to a social occasion in another country, remember that social rules can be different. In some countries, for example, you have to arrive on time at a party; in other countries, you don't need to. In addition, you need to know + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00068.md b/markdowns/education_english_00068.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1e48003c27e899dda212d33210d69f582b4c0279 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00068.md @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +## 4 Decide which of the statements expresses the writer's opinion. + +The writer thinks that ________. + +(a) Americans often ask very personal questions +(b) Asians are very different from Americans, and are sensitive to many topics of conversation +(c) Americans are easy to make friends with, but they respect your private life +(d) Americans don't like to grow old, so it's difficult to make friends with them + +## 5 Choose the correct answers. + +1.When a dull person talks,you should __________. + +(a) ask questions +(b) change the topic of conversation +(c) not ask personal questions +(d) listen + +2. It's always OK to talk to Americans about __________. + +(a) their work +(b) religion and politics +(c) age and money +(d) their private life + +3.When Americans make an invitation to visit, __________. + +(a) they don't really mean it +(b) they want to find out more about you +(c) they genuinely want to see you again +(d) you should accept it + +4.The best way to talk about personal things is to ________. + +(a) talk about your own private life first +(b) talk about your job +(c) discuss the weather +(d) ask them how old they are + +5.It's best to avoid ________. + +(a) personal questions +(b) silence +(c) spies +(d) dull people + + + +## 6 Complete the sentences in your own words. + +1 Conversation is less lively in the USA because everyone ____________________________. + +2 Americans are happy to talk about family and personal interests, but _______________. + +3 If you show you're aware of cultural differences, __________. + +4 You shouldn't ask how old people are because ___. + +5 Although some people like to show off their wealth,______________. + +## 7 Write down the topics which you can and shouldn't talk about with Americans. Write a few sentences saying if you can talk about these topics in China. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00069.md b/markdowns/education_english_00069.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1db914b456bb7808dc8be5ed0ee174aa06e20513 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00069.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +## Let's check + +Listen and write T (true) or F (false). + + + + + + + + + +Listen again and answer the questions. + +1. What did Mike do last weekend? + +2. Why did Sarah think her weekend was great? + +3. Why did Amy go to school by car today? + +4. What did Zhang Peng do in Harbin? + +## Let's wrap it up + +Look at the pictures. Choose words to fill in the blanks. + +am/is → was are → were + +eat → ate drink → drank run → ran + +There ______ lots of dinosaurs many years ago. + +Some of them ______ plants. + +Some of them ______ faster, so they could eat other smaller dinosaurs. + +But we can only see dinosaurs in museums now. + + + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00070.md b/markdowns/education_english_00070.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8580061ec1f1de32086b0ae017ca60211a935709 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00070.md @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +Unit 3 + +D3 Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. Change the form where necessary. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
misunderstandingappropriatedifferencetraditionadjust
shakeagaintabooupsetgreet
+ +I have always found it interesting talking to foreigners and learning about the cultura$^{\text{(1)}}$________ between countries. I think it is important to know about the customs and traditions of different countries in order to avoid $^{\text{(2)}}$________. + +Last Saturday, I met a man from France, who explained to me how the French (3) ____________ each other. Now I know that the French usually(4) ________ hands when they meet. If they know each other very well, they kiss each other on the cheek. They shake hands (5) when they are saying goodbye. It is not unusual for a French person who you met several months ago to come and shake hands with you again! This is just +one of the many French (6) ________. If you went to live in France, you might find it hard to (7) ________ to their ways. + +Almost every culture in the world has its own (8) __________, and it is important to be aware of them, so you know what is considered (9) __________. Breaking a taboo could be an experience that will (10) __________ those around you. For example, in Japan, '4' and '9' are considered to be numbers that are not lucky, since the Japanese words for these two numbers sound like 'death' and 'suffering'. It would be important to know this if you would like to visit Japan on holiday. + +D4 Translate the following sentences into English. Use the words given in brackets. + +1 Patrick在街上看见我时,以热情的拥抱跟我打招呼。(hug) + +2 请和我一起祝愿史密斯一家在将来的日子里好运常伴。(join in) + +3 如果我是百万富翁,我会环游世界。(if I were) + +4 他搬去澳大利亚后,很快适应了那里的生活方式。(adjust to) + +5 我们在忙于准备期末考试。(end-of-term) + +6 迈克还不到拿驾驶执照的年龄。(permit) + +7 大吃了一顿之后,她花了一周时间节食以保持体形。(feast) + +8 他向父母复述了在课堂上听到的故事。(retell) + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00071.md b/markdowns/education_english_00071.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ebc5777ace5c74f94736fb13859eb5304da24ad2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00071.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +C1 Read the sentences below and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F) according to the TV interview. Circle your answers. + +1 Dr Brain studies happiness. T / F + +2 Sang Lan became a gymnast when she was eleven years old. T / F + +3 Before her accident, Sang Lan's best event was the vault. T / F + +4 Sang Lan was injured in China in 1998, while practising for the Goodwill Games. T / F + +5 Sang Lan broke her legs and will never walk again. T / F + +6 Leonardo DiCaprio visited Sang Lan in the hospital. T / F + +C2 Read the interview again and complete the sentences below. Write the correct letters in the brackets. The first one has been done for you. + +
1Before her accident,( c )a. she likes to think about positive things.
2At the Goodwill Games in 1998,( )b. she graduated from Peking University and hosted a sports programme.
3While she was in hospital,( )c. we knew her as a young girl who was happy and successful in her sport.
4Back in China,( )d. keeping busy helps her stay positive.
5She tells people that( )e. Sang Lan became badly injured while practising the vault.
6She believes that( )f. the world was amazed by the way she stayed cheerful.
+ + +D Match these new words from the interview with their meanings. Write the correct letters in the blanks. + +
1junior (Line 25)____a. make something complete and strong again
2specialist (Line 36)____b. change one's behaviour in order to deal with a new situation
3severe (Line 37)____c. a doctor who is an expert in one area of medicine
4appreciation (Line 43)____d. (in sports) connected with young people
5adapt (Line 53)____e. too difficult or painful to accept
6admirable (Line 61)____f. very bad or serious
7rebuild (Line 62)____g. having qualities you respect
8unbearable (Line 62)____h. the feeling of being grateful for something
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00072.md b/markdowns/education_english_00072.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1c74edcea976f6d2107428940e1486c0b0aa5ced --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00072.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +## 2. Look up the following words in a dictionary and give each of them a definition. + +(1) dosage + +(2) caution + +(3) warning + +(4) physician + +(5) accidental + +(6) overdose + +## 3. Use these words to complete the sentences below. + +dosage caution warning physician accidental overdose contact immediately + +(1) If you take too many aspirin tablets, you have taken an ______________. + +(2) Another word for doctor is _______________. + +(3) The ___ is the amount of medicine to take. + +(4) When you do something right away, you do it ___. + +(5) Words that tell you to be careful are ________ and ________. + +## 4. Role Play Suppose student A is a doctor, and student B is a patient. The doctor tells the patient how to take the medicine. + +## $^{*}$Item 3 + +## Do some exercise + +## 1. 🎧Read the passage and do the exercise. + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00073.md b/markdowns/education_english_00073.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4106a8d4a4ae1f0af494a4163cbd97ade424930d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00073.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +## 2.🎧 Read the following words, paying attention to word stress. + + + + + + + + + + + + +
very /ˈveri/doctor /ˈdɒktə/American /əˈmerɪkən/
any /ˈeni/recorder /rɪˈkɔːdə/university /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsɪti/
+ +## 3. Could you find the rules? + + +
/iː/heshewePeterevening
seestreetkeepneedpeepmeet
piecebeliefchiefachievefield
receivereceiptperceive
/ɪ/itishisthis
citystudysorrycarry
betweenrecorderexcuse
/e/gettellverybeddesklessonred
pleasureheadpeasantpleasant
/æ/manthatbaggladlandhandhave
+ +## ⑥ DIY Lab + +1. Presentation In your school reception room you act as the host and are telling a group of American guests what they will see in your school. The following words may help you. + +
office buildingclassrooms
library and reading roomslaboratories
IT centregym
sports ground
+ +2. Questionnaire Read the following possible events in the future, and put a circle around the number which coincides with your opinion. Before starting, look at the Notes and understand what each number stands for. Compare your answers with your partner's. + + +
Water will replace oil.1234567
I will study abroad.1234567
Cities will appear in Antarctica.1234567
A UFO will land near a large city.1234567
I will travel around the world.1234567
Pandas will become extinct.1234567
Australia will have a president instead of a king or queen.1234567
I will be able to speak Engdish fluently.1234567
I will be able to speak French,too.1234567
One of my classmates will be a principal.1234567
+ diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00074.md b/markdowns/education_english_00074.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..26e7adea55f3c49c2cc0bbf5e7b35682ab76acad --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00074.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +1. Presentation Ask the students to bring the directions for use of medicine and tell the class how to take the medicine. + +2. Pair Work You are a patient. Tell your partner who acts as a doctor how you are feeling and ask him/her questions about the dosage of the medicine. + +3. Survey Answer the questions below and compare them with your partner's. + +(1) How many colds do you have each year? + +(2) How much money do you spend on medicine? + +(3) How many days do you miss from school each term because of colds? + +(4) What medicine for colds do you usually take? + +## ⑦ CULTURE CORNER + +Clowns are often hired to work in children’s hospitals in America. Many children are afraid of going to the doctor, so these clowns make the environment of the hospital more fun. Some hospital clowns are paid professionals. Others are volunteers. They simply enjoy making children smile. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00075.md b/markdowns/education_english_00075.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d59fb49d8bb2293af5e008ae677644d3ef737e84 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00075.md @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +## Item 1 + +## Moving to the city + +## 1. 🎧Listen and do the comprehension. + +(1) People in the dialogue are ____. + +A. classmates +B. a couple +C. mother and son +D. father and daughter + +(2) They are talking about ___. + +A. whether to go to the theatre +B. whether to grow vegetables +C. whether to live in the city +D. whether to have a barbecue + +(3) Who is for living in the suburbs? + +A. Mr Lee. +B. Mrs Lee. +C. Mr Lee’s father. +D. Mrs Lee’s father. + +(4) Who is for moving to the city? + +A. Mr Lee. +B. Mrs Lee. +C. Mr Lee's father. +D. Mrs Lee's father. + +(5) They decide to leave the matter to ______. + +A. Mr Lee's father +B. Mrs Lee's mother +C. Mr Lee's mother +D. Mrs Lee's father + +## 2. 🎧Listen and read. + +Mr Lee will work in the city. The Lees are discussing the possibilities of moving to the city. + +Mr Lee: I will work in the city and we had better live in the city as well. +Mrs Lee: I really don’t want to. A flat in the city is as expensive as a house here. + +Mr Lee: It is good for you and our daughter. The local shops have convenient opening hours. The flat is near a very good school. + +Mrs Lee: You are wrong. The air in the city is not so fresh as the air here. The water there is not so clean as it is here. + +Mr Lee: I don’t care about these. The city offers restaurants, theatres and cinemas. There is also a barbecue and picnic area in the housing estate. Life here can’t be as exciting as life there. + +Mrs Lee: But at night the city is not as quiet as the country here. I like watching TV or reading a novel at home. + +Mr Lee: Let's leave the matter for your father to decide. + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00076.md b/markdowns/education_english_00076.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..98ced5bc51a4cb73774e32bb06e589f388c7128c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00076.md @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +(1) Hewlett offered him an internship at HP. + +(2) Steve Jobs enrolled in the HP Explorer Club. + +(3) Paul and Clara adopted Steve Jobs. + +(4) Steve Jobs asked Hewlett to give him some parts. + +(5) Steve Jobs grew up with his sister. + +(6) He spent much time working in a garage workshop. + +(7) The family moved to California. + +( )—( )—( )—( )—( )—( )—( ) + +## 2. Match the words with their definitions. + +
adoptput sb's name on a list
machinista grey element
silicona person who explores
gadgetrya person who operates a machine
enrollshow clearly
explorerwithout fear
demonstratepermission to reside in a hospital or plant
boldlysmall machines or devices
projecta study of a particular subject
internshiptake into one's family
+ + +## 3. Read the passage and answer the questions. + +(1) When and where was Steve Jobs born? +_______________ + +(2) Where did he grow up? +_______________ + +(3) Was he interested in team sports? +_______________ + +(4) What did he like to do? +_______________ + +(5) What did he see in the HP Explorer Club? +_______________ + +(6) Who gave him some parts for a class project? +_______________ + +## 4. Topic Discussion +Why do we say Steve Jobs was bold when he asked William Hewlett for some parts? \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00077.md b/markdowns/education_english_00077.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c89aeff3ddf7a61227bc8c3405b020feca5ca095 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00077.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +⑧I'm sorry I don't like fruit. I like fish. + +⑨Oh, I see. What do you want to be In the future? + + + +What will Mimi answer? Can you guess? + +• doctor • dancer • manager + +• teacher • actress • nurse + +• singer • policewoman • driver + + + +## Cultural link + +## A Western meal and a Chinese meal + + + +soup + + + +salad + + + +main course + + + +dessert + +A Western meal has three or four courses. In a Western meal, there is the soup first, then the salad (vegetables) and then the main course (meat or fish). Finally, there is a dessert (pudding, ice cream or cake) with tea or coffee. People eat their food with a fork, a knife and a spoon. + + + +In a Chinese meal, there is soup, vegetables, meat, fish and rice. Sometimes, there are dumplings and noodles. Chinese people eat their food with chopsticks and sometimes a spoon. + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00078.md b/markdowns/education_english_00078.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ff196dbf94449102a3587748ccc73334fd742ffa --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00078.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +## Lesson 3 + +## Ⓐ Let's read. + +1. First look at the pictures, and then read the text. + +2. Write a title for the text. + +__________ + + + +Tom has a new friend, Joe, from the USA. Joe stays with Tom’s family. He goes to school with Tom every day. + +Joe is very active. He often answers questions in English class. He plays football with his classmates every day. + + + + + +Joe is clever. He is good at science. He also likes reading and thinking, so sometimes he is quiet. + +Joe is polite and helpful, too. He often says “Hello” and “Thank you” to everyone in the family. He helps Tom’s father clean the car. He helps Tom walk his dog, Coco. He plays with Coco every day. Joe, Tom and Coco become good friends. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00079.md b/markdowns/education_english_00079.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f4740edb6b7ba585e7fbd908c5cfabdf30ecf888 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00079.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +## Lesson 2 + +## A Look, listen and answer. + +1. Look at the picture. What toys can you see? How much are they? + +2. Now listen and answer: What does Binbin want to buy? How much is it? + + + +Saleswoman: Good morning. Can I help you? + +Binbin: Yes. I want to buy a present for my friend. + +Saleswoman: What about a model car? + +Binbin: Yes, that's great.He loves cars.How much is it? + +Saleswoman: It’s 30 yuan. + +Binbin: OK, I’ll take it.Thanks a lot. + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00080.md b/markdowns/education_english_00080.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6dbb415273829eb7d9353999169617bd417b5eb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00080.md @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +## Lesson 3 + +## Ⓐ Let's read.🎧 + +## 1. Look at the pictures. What do you see? How much do you think they are? + +## 2. Now read, circle and write. + +SM = Salesman SW = Saleswoman H = Helen + +## Dialogue 1 + + + +¥ ___ + +SM: Can I help you? + +H: Yes. I want to buy a pencil box. + +SM: This orange one is very nice. + +H: How much is it? + +SM: It is 20 yuan. + + + +¥___ + +H: Good, that's great. I also want this pink exercise book. How much is it all together? + +SM: It's 25 yuan. + +H: Thank you. + +## Dialogue 2 + + + +¥ ___ + +H: Excuse me. I want to buy a pair of pants. + +SW: What colour do you like? + +H: I like black. + +SW: Here you are. + +H: They look great. How much are they? + +SW: They are 90 yuan. + +H: I’ll take them. + +## 3. Write down the total price. + +Total Price: ¥ ________ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00081.md b/markdowns/education_english_00081.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b2b11872a19b678005367b080e6dcd25b01639a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00081.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +## Let's Review + +## Ⓐ Listen and circle. + + + + + +## Ⓑ Read and fill in the chart. + +Bill: I’d like to make some TV shows for our school. + +Lily: That’s a great idea! + +Bill: I like game shows. Let’s do a game show. They’re fun. + +Andy: Let’s do a talk show, too. I’d like to be the host of the talk show. + +Yaoyao: Really? Let’s do a news show. I want to be a news announcer. That is an exciting job. + +Binbin: I’d like to put on a quiz show. It’s very exciting. I want to be on a quiz show. Lily, what do you want to do? + +Lily: Let’s do a nature show. I really like to see animals. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
nameTV shows
Billgame shows
Andy
Yaoyao
Binbin
Lily
diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00082.md b/markdowns/education_english_00082.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..00198966cd0a1ca55f5208deb78b5840869ba453 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00082.md @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ + +TASK 10 + +Below are some classroom extracts. Work in groups and discuss: Which error correction method is the way you favour? And which is the way you dislike? + +A + +T: What's your name? + +S: My name Tom. + +T: Oh, good. My name is Tom? + +S: Yes, my name is Tom. + +T: Hello, Tom. + +B + +T: What's your mother's job? + +S: He is... + +T: Oh, not he, you mother is a woman. +You should use SHE. + +S: She is a ... + +C + +T: Make a sentence with 'have'! + +S: He have a car. + +T: There is a big mistake in your sentence. Can you correct it? + +S: Mmmm... No, I don't know. + +T: Who can correct him? + +D + +T: What did you do last Saturday, Mary? + +S: I watch TV, and do homework. + +T: Oh, great! How about you, John? + +E + +T: Make a sentence with 'have'! + +S: He have a car. + +T: He HAVE a car? + +S: He HAS a car. + +T: Very good. He HAS a car. + +F + +T: Can you tell us something about your father, Tom? + +S: My father is 40 years old. He is very high. He is a doctor. He works in our City Hospital... + +T: Oh, good. Very good, Tom. You said your father is very HIGH? What word can we use instead of HIGH? + +S: er... yes, TALL. He is very tall. + +Can you think of some other ways to correct students' errors? + +## Conclusion + +In this unit we started with the discussion on the teacher’s roles in the language classroom. Different assumptions about the teacher’s roles will stipulate different classroom management policies; and different methodologies entail the adoption of different teacher roles. Borrowing Harmer’s concepts of the teacher’s roles as a controller, an assessor, an organiser, a prompter, a participant and a resource-provider, we believe teachers are multi-functional in the language classroom. This is especially + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00083.md b/markdowns/education_english_00083.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..60154d65c92e0187c00030dcd83f207be8a05ad3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00083.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +Spot the difference +Students are put into pairs. Each member of the pair receives a picture which is slightly different from his partner's. Students hide the pictures from one another and then, by a process of describing, questioning and answering, discover what the differences are. + +Describe and draw +Students are put into pairs. One student has a picture, the other a blank piece of paper and a pencil. The student with the picture must tell his/her partner what to draw so that the drawing ends up the same as the original picture. The student must not show the picture until the drawing is completed. + +Play a game +Students are shown a picture or a tray with many objects on it, or a series of different flash cards or magazine pictures. They have two minutes to memorise as many of the objects as they can. The cards, pictures or tray are then taken away and the students have to say what they saw, or write down everything they can remember seeing, then compare with the rest of the class. + +Use word series +Students construct the series following an example. + +Example: Cutlery: knife, fork, spoon + +Transport: ____ ____ ____ ____ + +Vehicles: ___ ___ ___ ___ + +Furniture: ___ ___ ___ ___ + +Buildings: ___ ___ ___ ___ + +Word bingo +The teacher thinks of an area of language (e.g. shopping) that the students have recently been studying. Students draw 9 squares (3 × 3) on a piece of paper and put 9 words connected with shopping in the squares. The teacher then calls out, one at a time, words connected with shopping. If the students have the word in the squares, they cross it out. The first student to cross out all the words in the squares is the winner. The game can be played for more than one round. + + + + + +
+ +
shoppercustomerclient
bargainsellerpay
shopbuymoney
storesellsale
marketpricediscount
supermarketgoodsreceipt
+ + +Word association +The teacher says a key word, e.g. travelling. The students then have to write down all the words they can think of connected with travelling. They have a time limit, e.g. two minutes. When time is up, the person with the highest number of acceptable words is the winner + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00084.md b/markdowns/education_english_00084.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f4bd1ff4489e6aa4805c6dd7e30f0652804952cf --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00084.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +## Let's Do It! + +## ① Read the lesson and follow the instructions. + +1. Underline and copy the old saying mentioned in the lesson. +__________ + +2. Underline and copy the key sentences in the second paragraph. +__________ + +3. Circle the hobby that is NOT mentioned in the lesson. + +card games + +acting + +cooking + +gardening + +collecting painted eggs + +## ② A reporter interviewed people about their hobbies. Listen to the statements and match the names with the hobbies. + +Jim I like playing chess in my spare time. + +Wang Lin I enjoy collecting sports cards. + +Jack I'm interested in learning about my family history. + +Kate I really love singing. Singing is a big part of my life. + +Sun Yang When I have free time, I read story books. + +## ③ Work in pairs. Read the lesson again and organize the hobbies into the following groups. + +Hobbies + +Collections + +stamp collection + +Outdoor Activities + +Games & Arts + +Others diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00085.md b/markdowns/education_english_00085.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..028ebcc984b5031dabd4bee8723c1537f161e67a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00085.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +## Lesson 40: What's Paul's Hobby? + + + +· Have you ever built a model? What was it? + +• Have you ever joined a club? + +My name is Paul. What's my hobby? It's model rockets! I have ten rockets. I built one of them myself. It's made of wood and cardboard. I glued it together, and then I painted it. What do I do with my rockets? I launch them! I began to launch rockets two years ago. + + + +This rocket is about one metre tall. I also have a 1.8-metre-tall rocket! + +Last year, I joined a rocket club in my city. It has about forty members. Some of the members are young like me, but most of the members are adults. We meet every month. Sometimes, we have competitions. Everyone launches their rockets. The highest rocket wins. We also give prizes for the best-built rockets. + +I launch most of my rockets seven to ten times. Then I lose or break them. I lost one of my rockets two weeks ago. It went too high: 499 metres. I launched it in a field, but it landed in some trees. My dad and I looked for it for three days.I hate to lose a rocket! I keep my broken rockets. I have a collection of them in my bedroom. + +I like my hobby because it's exciting and challenging. It is a lot of fun to build and launch rockets. + + + +Many people like to build models. Model trains are fun to build and play with! + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00086.md b/markdowns/education_english_00086.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..01f33e2f563f1f5eb0e51b116242bb76dad3a67f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00086.md @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +## Let's Do It! + +## ① Read the lesson and number the sentences in the correct order. Then retell Cathy's story. + +☐ She stood on the stage and began to sing. + +☐ She dreamed of being an opera singer when she was a little girl. + +☐ She wanted to take part in the show but wasn’t confident. + +□ One year, her school had a talent show. + +□ The students loved Cathy's song. + +☐ Her teacher encouraged her to take part in the talent show. + +## ② Listen to the passage and tick the correct answers. + +1. Li Yun liked to play ________ when she was young. + +☐ on the beach + +□ in the hills + +2. Li Yun liked to ______ the birds. + +☐ sing along with + +☐ listen to + +3. Li Yun's dream is to ________. + +□ be a singer + +☐ become a teacher + +## ③ Make sentences using the given information. + +Example A: My teacher encouraged me to take part in the show. + +1. Dr. Lin / Xiao Feng / join a club and make new friends (advise... to) + +→ ___ + +2. Georgia's parents / her / study medicine in the future (want... to) + +→___ + +Example B: I felt my heart beating so fast. + +1. Cathy / her friends / wave at her (see) + +→___ + +2. Jenny / Li Ming / call his parents (hear) + +→ ___ + +Look at these sentences: I find it a little hard. I can't help you write the report. That makes me unique. I felt my heart beating so fast. They all have object complements. Object complements (words in red) give more information about objects (words in blue). Circle the object complements in the activity above. Can you figure out the rule? + + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00087.md b/markdowns/education_english_00087.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f827ef3d6b6b71cee92bb16a12d033ca50843892 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00087.md @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +## Building Your Vocabulary + +## I. Fill in the blanks with the words in the box. +
commonreturnweakperfectimpossible
+1. His father plans to ________ from Canada next month. + +2. Anne was ill last week, and she is still very ________. + +3. Collecting sports cards is a very ________ hobby among students. + +4. He loves reading books. A trip without a book is ________ for him. + +5. No one is _______. Everyone makes mistakes. + +## II. Complete the passage with the words from this unit. The first letter is given. + +My dream is to be a writer. Some of my friends think writing is not my p________ strength, but I know I can improve. My mum encourages me and makes me feel more c________. I will c________ reading and writing every day. My favourite writer is J.K. Rowling. I think her writing is unique. In the future, I hope to write children’s stories, too. + + + +## Grammar in Use + +Complete the chart and then fill in the blanks with the correct pronouns. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Imymeminemyself
youyouryouyours
hehishimhis
sheherherhers
ititsititsitself
weourusours
youyouryouyours
theytheirthemtheirs
+ +1. Mike told his mother to relax. He said he could take care of ________. + +2. Steven is very confident. _________ thinks of himself as a good person. + +3. Help ________ to some fish, please! + +4. We enjoyed ________ on the playground. + +5. The mother encouraged the little girl to clean her room by ________. + +6. Don't worry about ________. We can look after ourselves. diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00088.md b/markdowns/education_english_00088.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9fa1717c24c4c2c201d5424e370e695c4f2017a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00088.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +## Lesson 8: E-mail Helps! + + + +· Do you like to write e-mails or letters in English? + +· Do your classmates help each other in class? How? + +
From:danny@compmail.caTo:liming@net.cn
Subject: P.E.Date: 15/09 6:59 p.m.
+ + +Hi Li Ming, + +I have a lot of homework this year! All of our teachers make us study very, very hard. I am very tired. + +Some of my classes are a lot of fun. My favourite class is physical education (P.E.). Yesterday in P.E. class, I put Brian’s shorts on my head and his runners on my hands. Everyone laughed except the teacher. “That’s not funny, Danny,” he said. But I saw him smile. + +Time for supper! Write to me soon! + +Danny + + + +
From:liming@net.cnTo:danny@compmail.ca
Subject: English and MathsDate: 16/09 6:15 p.m.
+ + +Dear Danny, + +I have written three e-mails in English today. Our English teacher told us to use English every day. It is the best way to learn the language. You have helped me a lot. + +Ms. Liu gives us lots of interesting projects in English class. This week, we are talking about our favourite subjects in school. I like English best. I also like maths. My friend Wang Mei is very good at maths. She has helped me with my maths homework a lot. We will have a maths exam this Friday. We are going to study together tonight. + +Your friend, + +Li Ming diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00089.md b/markdowns/education_english_00089.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9c8a0381424a861b809f36683c756541b4df377c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00089.md @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +## Lesson 10: Looking for Lisa + + + +· Is there a library in your school? What can you do there? + +• Is it important to be on time? Why? + +Jenny and Bill meet at 3 o'clock to work on their project. They are in the library. Jenny is on the computer. + +Jenny: Look, Bill. I have downloaded some more pictures of Beijing. + +Bill: Good work, Jenny! We have lots of photos for our talk now. Have you found any Chinese music? + +Jenny: Yes, I have. The librarian helped me find some. + +Bill: That's great! + +(Suddenly the door opens. Danny rushes into the library with a basketball in his hand. He is wearing shorts and a T-shirt.) + + + +People read or borrow books in a library. + +Danny: (He shouts loudly.) Is Lisa here? Lisa! Lisa! Are you here? + +Jenny: Danny, be quiet! Lisa is not here. + +Librarian: No noise, please! + +Danny: (He whispers.) Oops! Sorry. Lisa and I are going to work on our basketball project together. I told her to meet me at a quarter to three. What's the time, Jenny? + +Jenny: (She looks at her watch.) It’s a quarter after three. + +Danny: She's half an hour late! I have looked for her everywhere — in the classroom, in the office, and now in the library. Where is she? + +Bill: Relax, Danny! Have you looked in the gym? + +Danny: No, I haven't. Maybe she's there! + +Bill and Jenny: (They laugh.) Yes. Maybe she is. See you tomorrow, Danny. + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00090.md b/markdowns/education_english_00090.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bae790bb863f8bccf637ba716937a698e33a7fc4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00090.md @@ -0,0 +1,162 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
hug v.拥抱Unit 8
intelligent adj.聪明的,有智能的Unit 5
jazz n.爵士乐Unit 9
jog v.慢跑Unit 6
knock over phr.v.撞倒;打翻Unit 5
length n.长度Unit 6
line v.排列成行Unit 6
link n.联系;关系Unit 4
link v.连接Unit 3
local adj.本地的,当地的Unit 4
loss n.丧失;损失Unit I
major aadj.重大的,主要的Unit 7
majority n.大多数;过半数Unit 7
make up phr.v.虚构,编造Unit 8
male n.雄性动物;男子;男性Unit 3
media n.传播媒介Unit 9
medium adj.中等的Unit 5
mix v.使混合Unit 3
mixture n.混合Unit 6
moral adj.道德的Unit 8
moral n.道德上的教训,寓意Unit 8
narrow adj.狭的,窄的Unit 6
nationality n.国籍Unit 4
nearby adj.附近的Unit 5
neat adj.整洁的Unit 2
noisy adj.喧闹的,嘈杂的Unit 6
nuclear adj.核的;使用核能的Unit 7
obey v.服从,听从Unit 7
occupation n.职业Unit 4
opera n.歌剧Unit 9
opinion n.意见Unit 2
optional adj.可选择的Unit 9
ordinary adj.普通的,平常的Unit 6
organization n.结构;组织;机构Unit 1
organizer n.组织者;筹划者Unit 4
ownership n.所有权;拥有Unit 7
pack v.把.··.··收拾起来Unit 2
paragraph n.段落Unit 2
particular adj.特别的,特定的;某一的Unit 7
partner n.伙伴Unit 2
+ diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00091.md b/markdowns/education_english_00091.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..11b560e7cb4dda57dab3475f3555465d957a8571 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00091.md @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ +Appendices + +assistance /əˈsɪstəns/ n. 协助;援助 + +congratulate /kən'grætʃuleɪt/ vt. 祝贺;庆贺 + +congratulation /kɒnˌɡrætʃu'leɪʃn/ n. 祝贺;贺词 + +bowling /ˈbəʊlɪŋ/ *n.* 保龄球 + +graduation /ˌɡrædʒuˈeɪʃn/ n. 毕业;毕业典礼 + +certificate /səˈtɪfɪkət/ n. 证书 + +all the best(口语)(祝你)一切顺利 + +architect /ɑːkɪtekt/ n. 建筑师 + +△ Sanders /ˈsɑːndəz/ n. 桑德斯(姓) + +adequate /ˈædɪkwət/ adj. 足够的;充分的 + +access /ˈækses/ *n.* (接近的)方法;通路;可接近性 + +accessible /əkˈsesəbl/ adj. 可接近的;可进入的;可使用的 + +△ wheelchair /'wi:lʃeə/ n. 轮椅 + +handy /'hændi/ adj. 方便的;有用的 + +△ earphone /ˈɪəfəʊn/ n. 耳机 + +△ impair /ɪmˈpeə/ vt. 削弱;损伤 + +row /rəʊ/ *n.* 一行;一排 *vt. & vi.* 划(船) + +basement /'beɪsmənt/ n. 地下室 + +outwards /ˈaʊtwədz/adv. 向外 + +exit /'eksɪt/ n. 出口;离开;退场 + +meet with 遇到;经历;会晤 + +approval /əˈpruːvl/ n. 赞成;认可 + +dignity /'dɪgnətɪ/ n. 尊严;高贵的品质 + +profit /'prɒfɪt/ n. 收益;利润;盈利 + +△ italics /ɪ'tælɪks/ n. (pl) 斜体(字) + +community /kəˈmjuːnəti/ n. 社区;团体;社会 + +## Unit 2 + +△ household /'haushəuld/ adj. 家庭的;家用的 n. 一家人;家庭 + +fiction /ˈfɪkʃn/ n. 小说;虚构或想象出来的事 + +desire /dɪˈzaɪə/ n. 渴望;欲望;渴求 vt. 希望得到;想要 + +△Isaac Asimov /'aɪzək 'æsɪmɒv/ 艾萨克·阿西莫夫 + +satisfaction /ˌsætɪsˈfækʃn/ n. 满意;满足;令人满意的事物 + +△ Larry Belmont /ˈlærɪ ˈbelmɒnt/ 拉里·贝尔蒙特 + +test out 考验出;检验完 + +△ Claire /kleə/ n. 克莱尔(女名) + +bonus /'bəunəs/ n. 额外津贴;奖金;红利 + +alarm /əˈlɒm/ vt. 使警觉;使惊恐;惊动 n. 警报;惊恐 + +alarmed /əˈlɑːmd/ adj. 担心的;害怕的 + +apron /ˈeɪprən/n. 围裙 + +sympathy /ˈsɪmpəθi/ n. 同情(心) + +overweight /,əuvə'weit/ adj. 超重的;体重超常的 + +elegant /'elɪgənt/ adj. 优雅的;高雅的;讲究的 + +△ Gladys Claffern /'glædɪs 'klæfən/ 格拉迪丝·克拉芬 + +favour /ˈfeɪvə/ n. 喜爱;恩惠 vt. 喜爱;偏袒 + +pile /pail/ n. 堆;摞;叠 +vi. 堆起;堆积 +vt. 把……堆起;积聚 + +scan /skæn/ vt. 细看;仔细检查;粗略地看;浏览;扫描 + +fingernail /ˈfɪŋɡəneɪl/ *n.* 手指甲 + +absurd /əb'sɜːd/ adj. 荒谬的;可笑的 + +haircut /'heəkʌt/ n. 发型;理发 + +△ makeup /ˈmeɪkʌp/ n. 化妆品 + +accompany /əˈkʌmpəni/ *vt.* 陪伴;伴奏 + +cushion /'koʊn/ n. (坐、跪时用的)软垫;靠垫;垫子 + +bedding /ˈbedɪŋ/n. 寝具;铺垫 + +necklace /ˈnekls/ *n.* 项链 + +clerk /klɑːk; klɜːrk/ n. 售货员;职员;旅馆接待员 + +counter /ˈkaʊntə/n. 柜台;计数器 + +ring up 给……打电话 + +turn around 转身;翻转 + +awful /ˈɔ:fl/ adj. 极坏的;极讨厌的;可怕的; +(口语)糟透的 + +affair /əˈfeə/ *n.* 事务;事情;暧昧关系 + +armchair /ɑːmtʃeə/ n. 扶手椅;单座沙发 + +declare /dɪˈkleə/ vt. 宣布;声明;表明;宣称 + +cuisine /kwɪˈziːn/ n. 烹饪(风味);菜肴 + +envy /'envi/ vt. 忌妒;羡慕 + +leave ... alone 不管;别惹;让……一个人待着; +和……单独在一起 + +digital /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/ *adj.* 数字的;数码的;手指的;脚趾的 + +mailbox /ˈmeɪlbɒks/ n. <美> 邮筒;信箱 diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00092.md b/markdowns/education_english_00092.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..97811f429dd5f27f8bf359d63fe4dae86f70bba7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00092.md @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +The sea was rough that day and it was difficult to handle the boat. The waves were carrying James further and further away from us. From James’s face, I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us. Then suddenly I saw a shark. + +“Look, there’s a shark out there,” I screamed. + +“Don’t worry, Old Tom won’t let it near,” Red replied. + +It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James, and when we approached him, I saw James being firmly held up in the water by Old Tom. I couldn't believe my eyes. + +There were shouts of “Well done, Old Tom” and “Thank God” as we pulled James 45 back into the boat. And then Old Tom was off and back to the hunt where the other killers were still attacking the whale. + + + +## Comprehending + +## 1 Put the events in the reading passage into this timeline. Write a sentence in each of the boxes. Three sentences have been given. + +1 Clancy arrivedat the whalingstation. + +→ + +2 + +→ + +3 + +→ + +4 The men wentto the boat andheaded out for a whale hunt. + +→ + +5 + +→ + +6 + +→ + +7 The killers ate the lips and tongue of thebaleen whale. + +→ + +8 + + +## 2 In pairs answer the questions. + +1 What evidence was there that Old Tom was helping the whalers out? + +2 What other animals did the author compare the killer whales with? Why do you think the killer whales behaved like this? + +3 Why did George think that the killer whales worked as a team? + +4 Why did the whalers allow the killer whales to drag the whale away? + +5 How did Old Tom help James? Why do you think he did this? + +## 3 In groups, describe the relationship between Old Tom and the whalers. What other animals help humans out in hunting? + +## *4 The last whaling station in Australia closed in 1978. Whales are now an endangered species and in need of conservation. They are now protected by an international ban on whaling. However, some countries oppose the ban. In groups, discuss the reasons for and against banning whaling. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00093.md b/markdowns/education_english_00093.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..552fcca35701170692950b85e92d5fd91b568c19 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00093.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +写定语从句。写定语从句有一个诀窍:一主句两个从句。主句中必然会出现两个从句重复的元素,根据”一主二从“的诀窍,我们可以看出上面三个简单句中,③作主句,①和②作从句。如此组成的定语从句就是 Two tourists, who are sitting on a boat, are throwing rubbish into the lake which is full of rubbish. 虽然这个句子显示出了一般水平,但它还不足以感动阅卷老师,原因是其过于啰嗦,两个定于从句中还有不少累赘的词汇。这就要求我们走第三步:简化从句,学会省略。 + +Two tourists, sitting on a boat, are throwing rubbish into the lake full of rubbish. + +现在分词短语作后置定语。 形容词短语作后置定语 + +这个例句充分体现了扎实的语法知识,可以感动阅卷老师,但不足以感动到热泪盈眶。 + +接下来,我们为您稍加修饰: + +From the picture, we can see that two tourists sitting on a boat, are throwing rubbish into the lake full of rubbish. + +这样简介朴素的开头,尽显了低调奢华有内涵。That 后面的才是重点,而 that 之前过多的模板只是累赘。这个例句中用了宾语从句,现在分词短语作后置定语,形容词短语作后置定语,使得句子多样化。但是在这一个句子中出现了两次 rubbish,使整个句子陷入了 rubbish 的泥潭。因此,我们要在第二次出现 rubbish 时,找词来替换它,比如用 waste 替换 rubbish。实在想不出可以替换的单词时,就用定语从句去替换二次出现的单词。 +下面我们再总结一下精彩句式的写作要点:①使用并列连接词;②使用从句和嵌套从句;③添加复杂的修饰成分。 + +## 第二节 长难句的本质 + +学习难句的目标:1.在翻译中,翻译出地道的汉语; + +2.在阅读中,一边读懂难句; + +3.在写作中,句式变换游刃有余。 + +考研英语主要包括四大题型:完型填空,阅读理解,翻译和新题型,写作。长难句的学习无疑为这四大题型奠定基础,是重中之重。那么长难句又是怎么练成的呢? + +1. 复杂的修饰成分(从句,介词短语,分词修饰,不定式)。 + +2.大段的插入语或同位语。其中同位语就是当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另外一个句子成分,前者就叫做后者的同位语。 + +3.倒装。英语的最基本结构是主谓结构,倒装就是将这种比较固定的词序加以颠倒。 + +4.省略。英语是一种简约而不简单的语言,为了不显累赘,前面出现过的有些成分就会被省略。除了这四个主要因素外,还有些零碎的语法现象,就使得一个句子变得极度复杂。语法要从英语的本质出发。英语是一门标记性特征极强的语言,所有英语中的语法现象都是通过标记来体现的,用标记化,符号化的形式来展现它的各种语法现象。例如泛指 diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00094.md b/markdowns/education_english_00094.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2a46f80ae5aeb08dbc8bc2890b325001e87de1ed --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00094.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +## 只能用whether的情况 + +前有介词狼;后有to do 虎;为避歧义(是否/如果);discuss后;加or not。 + +I am not interested in ______ she will come. + +I haven't decided ______ to go to Shanghai. + +Let me know ______ you love me. + +We are discussing ______ we will have a sports meeting next week. + +I want to know ______ or not you will help me. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
连词从句类型连词作用例句
what/who/whom/which特殊疑问句作主语、宾语I am angry at what they said.
when/where/why/how作状语I don't know where they came from,how they came in,and when they came out.
+ +## 宾语从句的时态 + +### 主现从随便 + +He says she is right. (✓) + +He says she was right. (✓) + +### 主过从必过 + +He said she is right. (✗) + +He said she was right. (✓) + +### 从真永一现 + +He said the earth moved around the sun. (✗) + +He said the earth moves around the sun. (✓) + +## 宾语从句的语序 + +引导词后紧跟主语 + +### 通常用陈述语序 + +I don’t know who were they. (✗) + +I don’t know who they were. (✓) + +### 对主语提问,语序不变。 + +I wonder what is wrong. (✓) + +I wonder what wrong is. (✗) diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00095.md b/markdowns/education_english_00095.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..364b5d27f48a134d34c6ae39a7757525768e00d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00095.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +excellent service. + +Ping lives a vibrant life due to her fearless spirit. She will do whatever she can to achieve her goals and dreams. We should learn from her great efforts and strong willpower. + +## Part 2 + +## Organization + +## 2-1 Reading + +Read the following passages and answer the questions given to work out different ways to write a celebrity and an ordinary person.(阅读短文,回答问题,总结写名人和普通人的不同特点。) + +## Passage 1 + +William Henry Gates III was born on October 28, 1955. He is one of the world's richest people and perhaps the most successful businessman ever. He co-founded the software giant Microsoft and turned it into the world's largest software company. He is the best-known entrepreneur of the PC revolution. He has also written two best-selling books and started his own charity with his wife. + +Gates was fascinated with electronics from a young age. In 1975 he read about a small technology company. He contacted them to see if they were interested in a computer programme he had written. This led to the creation + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00096.md b/markdowns/education_english_00096.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0ec6efe944a586c503d3102651d7a9e6c86932a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00096.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +I love my dad, a man with courage, determination and will, whom I can always rely on! + +## 5-3 Writing exercises + +Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below. + +⬤ 5-3-1 请从下列人物中选择你最喜欢的一位,用英语写一篇120词左右的短文。要求根据所给信息做适当发挥,且需包括以下内容: + +1. 对该人物的简单介绍; + +2. 喜欢该人物的理由; + +3. 从该人物身上得到的启示。 + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Thomas Edison

Helen Keller

William Shakespeare
inventor; creative; diligent; full of wisdomordinary but great woman;disabled; optimistic; eager to learnwriter; talented; imaginative; man of all ages
"Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine perecnt perspiration.""...if I had the power of sight for three days.""life is a stage...”
+ +⬤ 5-3-2 在上周举行的5月之星评选中,刘明被评为你班本月“全面发展之星”。请根据下面所提示的信息,用英文写一篇短文介绍他的情况。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00097.md b/markdowns/education_english_00097.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3846540d1e0eceba6052821bb20a2d355de635d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00097.md @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +## Listening and speaking + +## 1 Before you listen, read the exercises below and try to predict what the listening is about. + +## 2 Listen to the tape and tick the statement which tells the main idea of the dialogue. + +A A girl from Laos told Wang Kun about how Laotians use the Mekong River. + +B A girl told Wang Kun about what they would see along the Mekong River. + +C A girl from Laos told Wang Kun about how important and beautiful the Mekong is. + +## 3 Listen again and complete the passage below. + +The Mekong is the most important river in Laos. It even ___ on the national ___ of the country. Laotian people use the river for ___, ___ and ___ goods and people around the country. They call the Mekong "the ___ of Laos", but in Tibet people call it "the water of the ___". If you follow the river in Laos, you can visit temples, caves and a ___. At night, you can sleep in some small ___ by the river. + +## 4 What else would you expect Wang Kun and the girl to talk about? Get into pairs and continue the dialogue between them. Use the following expressions to end your conversation. + +Have a nice/good time. Have a nice/good trip. Take care. + +Have fun. Good luck on your journey. Write to me. + +Say hello to .... Give my love / best wishes to .... Best wishes. + +## Writing + +## Imagine that you are a friend of Wang Kun. Write a short email asking about Laos. + +● In pairs brainstorm some questions. + +EXAMPLE: + +What is the food like in Laos? What do you think of the country? + +● Choose two or three questions and use each as a new paragraph. + +How was your trip? + +What did you do when ...? + +Have you met ...? + +When did you get back? + +What kind of things did you see? + +Could you give me more details about ...? + +Could you tell me about ...? + + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00098.md b/markdowns/education_english_00098.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8fa1349e05feb67410367f4288898f2032f816d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00098.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +## Reading + +## ELIAS' STORY + + + +1 My name is Elias. I am a poor black worker in South Africa. The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. I was twelve years old. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer 5 to whom I went for advice. He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. + +I needed his help because I had very little education. I began school at six. The school where I studied for 10 only two years was three kilometres away. I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare. I could not read or write well. After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine. However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work. + +15 The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. He told me how to get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg. I became more hopeful about my future. I never forgot how kind Mandela was. When he organized the ANC Youth League, I joined it as soon as I could. He said: + +“The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and 20 progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.” + +It was the truth. Black people could not vote or choose their leaders. They could not get the jobs they wanted. The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people. The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa. No one could grow food there. In fact as Nelson Mandela said: + +25 “… we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. We chose to attack the laws. We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed … only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.” + +As a matter of fact, I do not like violence ... but in 1963 I helped him blow up some 30 government buildings. It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison. But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal. diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00099.md b/markdowns/education_english_00099.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6dc85d1934bda8f2f206c4847301190baccb5ea8 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00099.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +7. The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometres away. 我仅仅读了两年的那所学校有三公里远。 + +be ... away 有……远,可以指距离,也可以指时间。如: + +The new house he has just bought is about three miles away. 他新买的房子大约在三英里以外。 +The exams are still three weeks away. 离考试还有三周。 + +8. After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine. 几经周折,我才在一家金矿上找到一份工作。 + +after doing 是介词短语作状语用,表示时间。如: + +After getting up, he always drinks a glass of water, which he believes is good for his health. 每日起床后,他都喝一杯水,他认为这对他的身体有好处。 + +After packing all his things into his travelling bag, he sat on the sofa and waited for the taxi. 把所有的东西都装进旅行包后,他坐在沙发上等待出租车。 + +9. He told me how to get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg. 他告诉我要想在约翰内斯堡立住脚,应当如何获取所需证件。 + +Johannesburg 约翰内斯堡。南非(阿扎尼亚)最大城市和经济中心。位于南非北部威特沃特斯兰德高地中段南坡。半数以上人口为黑人。1886年发现金矿后,迅速发展为世界著名矿业城市、非洲最大的加工工业中心。第二次世界大战后成为非洲最大工矿区和世界重要采金中心。 + +10. When he organized the ANC Youth League, I joined it as soon as I could. 当他组织了非国大青年联盟时,我马上就参加了这个组织。 + +ANC 非洲人民大会党,是 AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS 的缩写,是南非黑人民族解放运动的政党。它创建于 1912 年,宗旨是团结非洲人为争取基本政治权利和社会经济状况的转变而斗争,并在这方面起到极为重要的作用。ANC Youth League 非国大青年联盟是人民大会党所属的青年组织。 + +11. “The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.” “过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利,阻挡我们的进步,一直到今天,我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。” + +see, find 等动词的主语有时是物,如果用得恰当,语言会显得很生动。如: + +This old house has seen better days. 这座老房子曾有过风光的日子。 + +National Day saw people singing and dancing happily in the streets. 国庆节里人们在大街上高兴地唱啊跳啊。 + +The water finds its own level. 水往低处流。 + +Morning found Christie knitting by the window. 清晨克里斯蒂坐在窗边织毛衣。 + +12. … we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.……我们被置于这样一个境地:要么被迫接受低人一等的现实,要么跟政府作斗争。 + +“less + 形容词(副词)原级 + than” 是形容词(副词)比较级的一种,表示前者不及后者。 +如: + +In his life, he has always tried to help those less fortunate than himself. 在他的一生中,他总是设法帮助那些比他不幸的人。 + +This truck is running less smoothly than it used to. 这辆卡车不如以前跑得那样稳了。 + +问题:在进行比较时,除了用以上的结构表示“不如”或“不及”之意,初中还学过另一种表达方式,你还记得吗?请用两种结构造句,想一下这两种结构的用法有何不同。 diff --git a/markdowns/education_english_00100.md b/markdowns/education_english_00100.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e224c709b19c4dd99e71f6e91d9a87d2b0ec1924 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_english_00100.md @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +1) 规则动词的基本形式 规则动词的过去形式和过去分词一般在动词原形后面加词尾-ed构成;现在分词则加词尾-ing构成。现将规则动词的四种基本形式及其构成规则如表所示: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
构成规则现在式
(动词原形)
过去式过去分词现在分词
一般动词过去式和过去分词加-ed ;
现在分词加-ing
look
play
visit
looked
played
visited
looked
played
visited
looking
playing
visiting
结尾是“e ”的动词,过去式和过去分词加-d ;现在分词先去“e ”,再加-inglive
hope
use
lived
hoped
used
lived
hoped
used
living
hoping
using
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed 或-ingstop
plan
fit
stopped
planned
fitted
stopped
planned
fitted
stopping
planning
fitting
结尾是“辅音字母+y ”的动词,过去式和过去分词先变“y ”为“i ”,再加-ed ;现在分词直接加-ingstudy
carry
try
studied
carried
tried
studied
carried
tried
studying
carrying
trying
+ +注:词尾-ed 在浊辅音和元音后面读作 [d],如 called [kɔ:ld],used [ju:zd],played [pleid],tried [traid];在清辅音后面读作 [t];如 looked [lʊkt],helped [helpt];在 [t],[d] 音后面读作 [ɪd],如 wanted ['wɒntɪd],needed [ˈniːdɪd]。 + +2)不规则动词的基本形式 不规则动词的构成情况比较复杂。从形式上看,有的三种形式各不相同,有的只有过去式和过去分词相同,有的三种形式相同。从构成方法上看,又有各种不同情况:有的是改变词中的元音,有的是改变词尾,有的是在词尾加“t”。因此,在学习时最好分别单独记忆。举例如下(详见不规则动词表): + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
现在式过去式过去分词特点
begin
give
began
gave
begun
given
三种不同,改变词中的元音
dig
sit
dug
sat
dug
sat
两种相同,改变元音
build
have
built
had
built
had
两种相同,改变词尾
burn
mean
burnt
meant
burnt
meant
两种相同,词尾加“t ”
feel
keep
felt
kept
felt
kept
两种相同,改变元音,词尾加“t ”
cut
put
cut
put
cut
put
三种相同
diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00001.md b/markdowns/education_math_00001.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7ede85799d09fd76f561ac8f9f050ed94342b236 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00001.md @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +A. $\{x|x>3\text{ 或 }x<-2\}$ B. $\{x|x>2\text{ 或 }x<-3\}$ +C. $\{x|-2< x<3\}$ D. $\{x|-3< x<2\}$ + +12. 下列命题是真命题的是() + +A. 3 是 9 的约数或 5 是 8 的约数 +B. 5>3 且 2<1 +C. ∃一个实数 $x$,使 $x^2<0$ + D. 对 ∀ 实数 $x$,都有 $x+1>0$ + +13. 已知命题 $p: \exists x \in \mathbf{R}, \sin x \leq 1$,则() + +A. $\neg p: \exists x \in \mathbf{R}, \sin x \geq 1$ +B. $\neg p: \forall x \in \mathbf{R}, \sin x \geq 1$ +C. $\neg p: \forall x \in \mathbf{R}, \sin x > 1$ +D. $\neg p: \exists x \in \mathbf{R}, \sin x > 1$ + +14. 有下述说法:①$a>b>0$ 是 $a^2>b^2$ 的充要条件;②$a>b>0$ 是 $\frac{1}{a}<\frac{1}{b}$ 的充要条件;③$a>b>0$ 是 $a^3+b^3>0$ 的充要条件. 其中正确的说法有 ( ) + +A. 0 个 B. 1 个 C. 2 个 D. 3 个 + +15. 如果命题“$\neg p$”为真,命题“$p \land q$”为假,那么() + +$$\begin{array}{ll} +\text{A. } q \text{ 为假} & \text{B. } q \text{ 为真} \\ +\text{C. } p \text{ 或 } q \text{ 为真} & \text{D. } p \text{ 或 } q \text{ 不一定为真} +\end{array} +$$ + +16. 不等式$(|x|+2)(1-x^{2})\leq0$ 的解集是() + +A. $(-\infty,-1)\cup(1,+\infty)$ +B. $(-\infty,-1]\cup[1,+\infty)$ +C. $(-1,1)$ +D. $[-1,1]$ + +17. 若关于 x 的不等式 $-\frac{1}{2}x^{2}+2x>mx$ 的解集为 $\{x |0 < x< 2\}$,则实数 m 的值为() + +A. 1 B. -2 C. -3 D. 3 + +18. 不等式 $3 - 2|x| < 2$ 的解集为() + +A. $(-\frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2})$ +B. $(-\frac{1}{2}, 0)$ +C. $(0, \frac{1}{2})$ +D. $(-\infty, -\frac{1}{2}) \cup (\frac{1}{2}, +\infty)$ + +19. 设 p, q 是两个命题,并且 $\neg p \land q$ 是真命题,下列命题为真命题的是() + +A. $p \land q$ + B. $\neg p \land \neg q$ +C. $\neg (p \lor q)$ + D. $\neg p \lor \neg q$ + +20. 由下列各组命题构成的“$p \vee q$”“$p \wedge q$”“$\neg p$”形式的新命题中,“$p \vee q$”为真,“$p \wedge q$”为假,“$\neg p$”为真的是 ( ) + +A. $p: 3$ 是偶数, $q: 4$ 是奇数 +B. $p: 3+2=6$, $q: 5>3$ +C. $p: a \in \{a,b\}$, $q: \{a\} \subsetneq \{a,b\}$ + D. $p: Q \subsetneq R$, $q: N = N^*$ + +## 第Ⅱ卷 (非选择题,共60分) + +## 二、填空题(本大题共5个小题,每小题4分,共20分) + +21. 设集合 $M=\{x|x^{2}+2x=0,x\in \mathbf{R}\}$, $N=\{x|x^{2}-2x=0,x\in \mathbf{R}\}$, 则 $M\cup N=$ _____. + +22. 已知关于 $x$ 的不等式 $(a^2 - 1)(x - 2) < 0$ 的解集为 $(-\infty, 2)$, 那么 $a$ 的取值范围是 ________. + +23. 关于 x 的不等式 $x^{2}-mx+4<0$ 的解集为 $\varnothing$,则实数 m 的取值范围为 ___. + +24. 设命题 $p$: 函数 $f(x)=x^2+(a-1)x+5$ 在 $(-\infty,1]$ 上是减函数; 命题 $q$: $\forall x\in \mathbf{R}, \lg(x^2+2ax+3)>0$. 若 $p\vee \neg q$ 是真命题, $p\wedge \neg q$ 是假命题, 则实数 $a$ 的取值范围是 ________. + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00002.md b/markdowns/education_math_00002.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6d82a51130dd01743c003a857a0c1bf40c4c4ac7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00002.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +## 专题一 集合、不等式和逻辑用语 卷 B + +1. B 解析 : ∵集合 $A=\{x|1\leqslant x\leqslant 5\}$, $\mathbf{Z}$ 为整数集, 则集合 $A\cap \mathbf{Z}=\{1,2,3,4,5\}$. ∴集合 $A\cap \mathbf{Z}$ 中元素的个数是 5, 故选 B. + +2. C 解析: 可以相互推出. + +3. B __解析__: $(x-2)(x+4)>0$, 解得 $x<-4$ 或 $x>2$, 即 $B=(-\infty,-4)\cup(2,+\infty)$. $\because A=[-2,3]$, $\therefore A\cup B=(-\infty,-4)\cup[-2,+\infty)$. 故选 B. + +4. C 解析:$\{1,2,3\},\{2,3\}$. + +5. B 解析:集合 B 含有整数 -1, 0,故 $A \cap B = \{-1, 0\}$. 故选 B. + +6. B __解析__: 当 $c=0$ 时 $ac=bc$, 所以 B 错误. + +7. A 解析:集合 A 表示第四象限的点,集合 B 表示第二或第四象限的点. + +8. A + +9. C __解析__: 依题意可得方程组 $\begin{cases} 2a+1-3=0, \\ 2-1-b=0, \end{cases}$ $\Rightarrow \begin{cases} a=1, \\ b=1. \end{cases}$ 故选 C. + +10. D 解析: $M \cap N = \{(x, y) | y = x \text{ 且 } y = 2\} = \{(2, 2)\}$. + +11. C 解析: 由已知得 $a(x+2)(x-3)>0$, $\because a<0$, $\therefore (x+2)(x-3)<0$, $\therefore -2< x<3$. + +12. A + +13. C 解析: 考查构造含量词命题的非. + +14. A + +15.D 解析:∵命题“¬p”为真,∴命题“p”为假,又“$p \land q$”为假,∴q可真也可以假。∴p或q可真也可以假,故应选D.故选D. + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00003.md b/markdowns/education_math_00003.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1bdb19115a9ec0ecfea84d545872a2d02ba2eff3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00003.md @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +16. B 解析:$(|x|+2)(x+1)(x-1)\geqslant0$ 等价于 $(x+1)(x-1)\geqslant0$ ,解得 $x\leqslant-1$ 或 $x\geqslant1$. + +17. A 解析: $x^{2}-4x+2mx<0$ , 即 $x^{2}+(2m-4)x<0$ , $\therefore 0, 2$ 为 $x^{2}+(2m-4)x=0$ 的两根, $\therefore 4-2m=2$ $\therefore m=1$ . 故选 A. + +18. D __解析__: 先把含绝对值的不等式化为一般形式 $|x|>\frac{1}{2}$. + +19. D __解析__: 由题意可知命题 $p$ 是假命题, 命题 $q$ 是真命题, 故选 D. + +20. B __解析__: 选项B中, $\because p: 3+2=6$ 为假命题, $\therefore \neg p$ 为真. $q: 5>3$ 为真命题, $\therefore "p \vee q"$ 为真, $"p \wedge q"$ 为假. 故选B. + +21. $\{-2,0,2\}$ __解析__: $M=\{x|x(x+2)=0,x\in \mathbf{R}\}=\{0,-2\},N=\{x|x(x-2)=0,x\in \mathbf{R}\}=\{0,2\}$, 所以 $M\cup N=\{-2,0,2\}$. + +22. $(-\infty,-1)\cup(1,+\infty)$ __解析__: 由题意可知, $a^2-1>0$, 即 $a>1$ 或 $a<-1$. + +23.$[-4,4]$ 解析:由题意得 $\Delta\leqslant0$ ,即 $m^{2}-16\leqslant0$ ,解得 $m\in[-4,4]$. + +24.$(- \sqrt{2}, -1] \cup [\sqrt{2}, +\infty)$ + +25. 解: 由题知: $16 - 12 - (m + 1) = 0 \therefore m = 3$. 方程 $2x^2 - x - 2m = 0$ 即 $2x^2 - x - 6 = 0$ 配方得 $2\left(x^2 - \frac{1}{2}x + \frac{1}{16} - \frac{1}{16}\right) - 6 = 0 \Rightarrow 2\left(x - \frac{1}{4}\right)^2 = \frac{49}{8} \therefore \left(x - \frac{1}{4}\right)^2 = \frac{49}{16}$ 解得 $x = 2$ 或 $-\frac{3}{2}$. $\therefore 2x^2 - x - 2m = 0$ 的根为 $2$ 或 $-\frac{3}{2}$. + +26. __证明__: $(a^3 + b^3) - (a^2b + ab^2) = (a^3 - a^2b) + (b^3 - ab^2) = a^2(a - b) + b^2(b - a) = (a - b)(a^2 - b^2) = (a - b)^2(a + b)$. + +因为 $a>0$, $b>0$ 且 $a \neq b$, 所以 $(a-b)^2 > 0$, $a+b > 0$. 所以 $(a-b)^2(a+b) > 0$. + +所以 $a^3 + b^3 > a^2b + ab^2$. + +27. __解__:∵“存在 $x \in \mathbf{R}$,使 $2x^2 - 3ax + 9 < 0$”为假命题. + +$\therefore$它的否定“对任意的 $x\in \mathbf{R}, 2x^2 - 3ax + 9 \geqslant 0$”为真命题. + +$\therefore$ 只要 $\Delta=9a^{2}-4\times2\times9\leqslant0$ 即可. + +解得$-2\sqrt{2}\leqslant a\leqslant2\sqrt{2}.$ + +故 $a$ 的取值范围是 $[-2\sqrt{2}, 2\sqrt{2}]$. + +28. 解: 由已知得方程 $ax^{2} + bx + 1 = 0$ 的根为 $-\frac{1}{2}$,$\frac{1}{3}$,由韦达定理得 a = -6, b = -1。所以不等式 $x^{2} + bx + a < 0$ 即为 $x^{2} - x - 6 < 0$,所以解集为 $(-2, 3)$. + +29. 设 $y=(a^{2}-1)x^{2}-(a-1)x-1$,从题意可知,当 $x\in \mathbf{R}$ 时,$y$ 的值小于零,所以函数图象在 $x$ 轴下方,所以必须满足 $\begin{cases} \Delta < 0 \\ a^{2}-1 < 0 \end{cases}$ 解之可得 $-\frac{3}{5} < a < 1$. + +30. 解:设这辆汽车刹车前的速度至少为 $x \, km/h$,根据题意,我们得到 $\frac{1}{20}x + \frac{1}{180}x^{2} > 39.5$, + +移项整理得:$x^{2}+9x-7\ 110>0$, + +显然 $\Delta > 0$, + +所以不等式的解集为$\{x|x<-88.94,或x>79.94\}$. + +在这个实际问题中 $x>0$,所以这辆汽车刹车前的车速至少为 79.94 km/h. + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00004.md b/markdowns/education_math_00004.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..277a0f42ad50f857a1165323f37e555c493c6672 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00004.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ + +C. $(x-1)^2 + y^2 = 2$ D. $x^2 + (y-1)^2 = 2$ + +10. 以 $\frac{x^{2}}{4}-\frac{y^{2}}{12}=-1$ 的焦点为顶点,顶点为焦点的椭圆方程为 + +A.$\frac{x^{2}}{16}+\frac{y^{2}}{12}=1$ B.$\frac{x^{2}}{12}+\frac{y^{2}}{16}=1$ C.$\frac{x^{2}}{16}+\frac{y^{2}}{4}=1$ D.$\frac{x^{2}}{4}+\frac{y^{2}}{16}=1$ + +11. 双曲线 $mx^2 + y^2 = 1$ 的焦距是虚轴长的 2 倍,则 $m=$ + +A. 4 B. -4 C. 3 D. -3 + +12. 若双曲线的渐近线方程为 $y = \pm \frac{3}{4} x$,则该双曲线的离心率是 + +A.$\frac{4}{3}$或$\frac{5}{4}$ B.$\frac{5}{3}$或$\frac{5}{4}$ C.$\frac{5}{3}$或$\frac{4}{3}$ D.$\frac{3}{2}$或$\frac{4}{3}$ + +13. 方程 $\frac{x^{2}}{14-k}-\frac{y^{2}}{k-1}=1$ 表示椭圆,则 k 的取值范围是 + +A. $k<1$ B. $k>14$ C. $k<1$ 或 $k>14$ D. $1< k<14$ + +14. 顶点在原点, 对称轴为 y 轴, 且过点 $(\sqrt{2}, 1)$ 的抛物线为 + +A. $y^{2}=2x$ B. $y^{2}=-2x$ C. $x^{2}=2y$ D. $x^{2}=-2y$ + +15. 过抛物线 $y^2 = 4x$ 的焦点作直线交抛物线于 $A(x_1, y_1)$, $B(x_2, y_2)$ 两点, 如果 $x_1 + x_2 = 6$, 那么 $|AB| =$ ( ) + +A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8 + +16. 若双曲线 $x^2 + my^2 = 1$ 的离心率是 2, 则实数 $m$ 的值是 + +A. -3 B. $-\frac{1}{3}$ C. 3 D. $\frac{1}{3}$ + +17. 双曲线与椭圆 $\frac{x^{2}}{36} + \frac{y^{2}}{100} = 1$ 共焦点,且与抛物线 $y^{2} = 4x$ 的离心率之和为 $\frac{13}{5}$,则此双曲线的方程是 + +A.$\frac{y^{2}}{25}-\frac{x^{2}}{39}=1$ B.$\frac{x^{2}}{39}-\frac{y^{2}}{25}=1$ C.$\frac{y^{2}}{25}-\frac{x^{2}}{89}=1$ D.$\frac{x^{2}}{89}-\frac{y^{2}}{25}=1$ + +18. 椭圆 $\frac{x^{2}}{a^{2}} + \frac{y^{2}}{b^{2}} = 1$ 的一个焦点与短轴的两端点构成一个等腰直角三角形,则该椭圆的离心率为() + +A. $\frac{1}{2}$ B. $\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$ C. $\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$ D. 无法确定 + +19. 已知 $F_1$、$F_2$ 为双曲线 $C: x^2 - y^2 = 2$ 的左右焦点,点 $P$ 在双曲线 $C$ 上,且 $|PF_1| = 2|PF_2|$,则 $\cos\angle F_1PF_2 =$ ( ) + +A.$\frac{1}{4}$ B.$\frac{3}{5}$ C.$\frac{3}{4}$ D.$\frac{4}{5}$ + +20. 直线 $l$ 经过抛物线 $y^2=4x$ 的焦点, 且与抛物线相交于 $A, B$ 两点, 若弦 $AB$ 中点的横坐标为 3 , 则 $|AB|$ 为 ( ) + +A. 4 B. 8 C. 6 D. 10 + +## 第Ⅱ卷(非选择题,共60分) + +## 二、填空题(本大题共5个小题,每小题4分,共20分) + +21. 过原点和直线 $l_1: x - 3y + 4 = 0$ 与 $l_2: x + y - 4 = 0$ 的交点的直线的方程为 ______________. + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00005.md b/markdowns/education_math_00005.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bcfd0997618d235b84af18cce0298831ffe65f9e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00005.md @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +22.$\frac{x^{2}}{6}+\frac{y^{2}}{3}=1$ 解析:椭圆 $x^{2}+4y^{2}=4$ 的标准方程为 $\frac{x^{2}}{4}+y^{2}=1$, + +$\therefore c=\sqrt{a^{2}-b^{2}}=\sqrt{4-1}=\sqrt{3}.$ + +设椭圆的方程为$\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{a^2-3}=1$。$(a^2>3)$, + +把点 A(2,1) 代入 $\frac{4}{a^{2}} + \frac{1}{a^{2} - 3} = 1$, + +解得 $a^2=6$,或 $a^2=2$(舍去), + +$\therefore$ 所求椭圆方程为 $\frac{x^{2}}{6}+\frac{y^{2}}{3}=1$. + +23. $4\sqrt{5}$ + +24. $\frac{x^2}{9}-\frac{y^2}{16}=1$ + +25. $\frac{7}{2}$ __解析__:$|F_1F_2|=2\sqrt{2}$,$|AF_1|+|AF_2|=6$,$|AF_2|=6-|AF_1|$. + +$|AF_{2}|^{2}=|AF_{1}|^{2}+|F_{1}F_{2}|^{2}-2|AF_{1}|\cdot|F_{1}F_{2}|\cos45^{\circ} +\\=|AF_{1}|^{2}-4|AF_{1}|+8=(6-|AF_{1}|)^{2},$ + +$\therefore |AF_{1}| = \frac{7}{2}.$ + +$S=\frac{1}{2}\times\frac{7}{2}\times2\sqrt{2}\times\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}=\frac{7}{2}.$ + +26. __解__: 设圆 $C$ 的方程为 $x^2 + y^2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0$, + +则圆心 $C\left(-\frac{D}{2}, -\frac{E}{2}\right)$ 在直线 $2x - y - 7 = 0$ 上, + +$\therefore2\left(-\frac{D}{2}\right)-\left(-\frac{E}{2}\right)-7=0.$ + +即 $D-\frac{E}{2}+7=0.$ ① + +又∵$A(0,-4)$,$B(0,-2)$在圆上, + +$$ +\left\{ +\begin{array}{l} +16 - 4E + F = 0, \quad ② \\ +4 - 2E + F = 0. \quad ③ +\end{array} +\right. +$$ + +由①②③解得 + +$D=-4,E=6,F=8.$ + +$\therefore$ 圆 $C$ 的方程为 $x^{2}+y^{2}-4x+6y+8=0$. + +27. 解: 因为双曲线的渐近线方程是 $y = \pm \frac{2}{3} x$, + +所以设所求双曲线方程为$\frac{x^2}{9}-\frac{y^2}{4}=\lambda,(\lambda\neq0)$ + +把点$\left(\frac{9}{2},-1\right)$代入得$\frac{4}{9}-\frac{1}{4}=\lambda$,解得$\lambda=2$ + +所以所求双曲线方程为$\frac{x^2}{18}-\frac{y^2}{8}=1$. + +28. __解__:(1) $\because |PF_1| - |PF_2| = 4 - 2 = 2 = 2a, \therefore a = 1.$ + +$\because PF_{1}\perp PF_{2},\therefore4^{2}+2^{2}=4c^{2}.\therefore c=\sqrt{5}.$ + +$\therefore$ 所求直线的法向量是 $(1,-1)$,且过 $F_1(-\sqrt{5},0)$, + +即所求直线 $l$ 的方程为 $x - y + \sqrt{5} = 0$. + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00006.md b/markdowns/education_math_00006.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8022c93e0b58968ad44480ab75686ef0bac31a3c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00006.md @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +由 $\frac{2}{1} = \frac{b - 13}{13 - a}$,解得 $2a + b = 39$;A 和 B 按照 1:2 配比成 14% 的溶液,由 $\frac{1}{2} = \frac{b - 14}{14 - a}$,解得 $a + 2b = 42$。 + +联立方程组 $\begin{cases} 2a + b = 39, \\ a + 2b = 42, \end{cases}$ 解得 $\begin{cases} a = 12, \\ b = 15。 \end{cases}$ + +若 A 与 B 按照 1:1 进行配比,则混合液浓度为 $\frac{12\% + 15\%}{2} = 13.5\%$; + +设 C 的浓度为 $x\%$, 根据“十字交叉法”。 + + + +由 $\frac{2}{3} = \frac{10.2 - x}{13.5 - 10.2}$,解得 x = 8。所以 C 的浓度为 8%。 + +## 单元四 方程问题 + +## 一、解答题 + +1. 解:根据题意,100克甲瓶盐水与300克乙瓶盐水所含溶质相同,所以,甲瓶盐水的溶质为混合溶液溶质的 $\frac{1}{2}$ 。又因为甲瓶溶液是混合溶液的 $\frac{1}{4}$,所以甲瓶盐水的浓度为 $1 \times 15\% \times \frac{1}{2} \div \frac{1}{4} = 30\%$ 。 + +答:甲瓶盐水的浓度是 30%。 + +2.【思路分析】此题可设丙种酒精溶液为 x 千克,根据“甲种酒精溶液中纯酒精千克数+乙种酒精溶液中纯酒精的千克数+丙种酒精溶液中纯酒精的千克数=三种酒精溶液混合后纯酒精的千克数”列方程解答。 + +解:设丙种酒精溶液有 x 千克,乙种酒精溶液有 $(x+3)$ 千克,甲种酒精溶液有 $11-x-(x+3)=8-2x$ 千克。根据题意可得 $(8-2x)\times40\%+(x+3)\times36\%+x\times35\%=11\times38.5\%$, 解得 x=0.5, 则 $8-2x=8-0.5\times2=7$ (千克), 所以甲种酒精溶液有 7 千克。 + +答:甲种酒精溶液有7千克。 + +【解题突破】解答此题的关键是用字母表示其中一个未知量,并利用数量间的相等关系列出方程。题中有多个未知量时,应确定用字母表示哪个未知量最便于列方程,其他的未知量根据数量关系用含有字母的式子表示。 + +3. 解: 设乙瓶酒精溶液的浓度为 $x\%$, 则混合溶液的浓度为 $2x\%$. 由题意知 x < 2x < 8。 + + + +解得 $x = 3$。 + +答:原来乙瓶酒精溶液的浓度为 $3\%$。 + +4. 解: (1) 设 A、B 两种酒精溶液混合后的浓度为 $y\%$. + + + +解得 $y = 12$。 + +(2)设 A 种酒精溶液的浓度为 $x\%$, 则 B 种酒精溶液的浓度为 $\frac{x}{2}\%$. + + + +解得 $x = 20$。 + +答:(1) A、B 两种酒精溶液混合后的浓度是 12%; (2) A 种酒精溶液的浓度是 20%。 + +5. 解:20%与30%的两种酒精溶液按3:1的比例混合后得到溶液的浓度为 + +$\begin{aligned}&(3\times20\%+1\times30\%)\div(3+1)\\&=(60\%+30\%)\div4\\&=22.5\%\end{aligned}$ + +浓度为 45% 的酒精溶液用量为 + +$(45 \times 35\% - 45 \times 22.5\%) \div (45\% - 22.5\%)$ +$\\=(15.75-10.125)\div0.225$ +$\\=5.625\div0.225$ +$\\=25(千克)$ + +浓度为 20% 的酒精用量溶液为 + +$(45-25)\div(3+1)\times3$ +$\\=20\div4\times3$ +$\\=15$(千克) + +浓度为 30% 的酒精溶液用量为 + +$15 \div 3 = 5$ (千克) + +答:浓度为 20%、30% 和 45% 的三种酒精溶液分别用了 15 千克、5 千克和 25 千克。 + +6. 解: 设小瓶溶液浓度为 $x\%$, 则 $3 \times 8\% + 2 \cdot x\%$ +$= 2 \cdot x\% \times (2 + 3)$, + +解得 x = 3 ,即小瓶溶液的浓度为 3% 。 + +答:原来小瓶酒精溶液的浓度是百分之三。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00007.md b/markdowns/education_math_00007.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7d7d33532b5317b46cb3f35e2d31aa65f8dc3502 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00007.md @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +## 第五章 经济与利率专题 + +## 单元一 基本利润问题 + +## 一、填空题 + +1. 2014 年【解析】根据题意,2013 年: $300 \div 3000 \times 100\% = 10\%$; 2014 年: $360 \div 3200 \times 100\% = 11.25\%$; 2015 年: $480 \div 5000 \times 100\% = 9.6\%$, 故资产利润率最高的年份是 2014 年。 + +2. 盈利 1【解析】要求甲最后是盈利还是亏本,应先计算出第一次卖给乙的价钱,通过题目可知,第一次交易中,甲获利10%,把甲买股票的原价看作单位“1”,卖给乙的价钱是原价的$(1+10\%)$,即卖了1100元;第二次交易,乙损失了10%,把甲获利后的价钱1100元看作单位“1”,卖了1100元的$(1-10\%)$,即990元;第三次交易,甲按乙卖给甲的价格的90%将这手股票卖给了乙,把乙卖给甲的价格990元看作单位“1”,实际卖了990元的90%,即891元。甲的实际收入为$1100+891-1000-990=1$(元)。 + +【方法归纳】此题属于复杂的分数应用题,做题时应先判断单位“1”,然后根据一个数乘分数的意义进行列式计算,进而得出结论。 + +3.180【解析】根据题意,商场交保险费金额是$4000\times0.75\%=30$(万元),因此商场损失物品的费用和付的保险费共$650+30=680$(万元),则实际损失680-500=180(万元)。 + +【方法归纳】本题的关键在于明白“实际损失=物品价值-赔偿款额+保险费”。 + +4. 贵 40【解析】把商品的标价假设为 x 元,那么甲商场的售价是 $(x-200)\times80\%$, 乙商场的售价是 $x\cdot80\%-200$, 它们相差甲 $-\mathrm{乙}=(x-200)\times80\%-(x\cdot80\%-200)=0.8x-160-0.8x+200=40$ (元), 因此甲商场比乙商场贵 40 元。 + +5.1480【解析】$(120+180)\div(35\%-20\%)\times(1-20\%)-120=300\times\frac{20}{3}\times\frac{4}{5}-120=1600-120=1480$(元)。 + +【易错分析】解决此类销售问题,一定要明确单位1是谁。 + +6.360【解析】把成本看作单位“1”,那么定价为 $1 + 1 \times 40\% = 1.4$,七五折后的售价为 $1.4 \times 75\% = 1.05$,根据盈利 18 元可算出成本为 $18 \div (1.05 - 1) = 360$(元)。 + +7.100【解析】两次捐赠资金分别增加10%和5%,则总捐资额增加 8%, 如果再在这个基础上两地增加第一次捐资的 5%, 那么两地捐赠资金增加到 15% 和 10%, 总量增加到 $8\% + 5\% = 13\%$, 所以第一次李先生捐资 $13 \div 13\% = 100$ (万)。 + +8.125【解析】设羽毛球拍的进价为 x 元。由题意得 +$x \cdot (1 + 40\%) \times 80\% = x + 15$, 解得 x = 125。 + +9.9.6【解析】先根据成本为120元,按成本增加20%定价,此时定价为$120\times(1+20\%)=144$(元),再按定价的90%出售,此时售价为$144\times90\%=129.6$(元),所以减价后每件盈利129.6-120=9.6(元)。 + +10.110【解析】将成本看作单位“1”。获利10%即实际销售价格正好是成本的$(1+10\%)$,可得进价为$(160\times80\%-7)\div(1+10\%)=110$(元)。 +【方法归纳】这是利润问题,其数量关系为成本价×利润率+成本=实际售价。 + +## 二、解答题 + +1. 解: 甲、乙、丙三种糖果混合后的平均价格是$(14 \times 4 + 10 \times 3 + 8 \times 5) \div (4 + 3 + 5) = 126 \div 12 = 10.5$ +(元),买2千克混合糖果的价钱是$10.5 \times 2 = 21$(元)。 +答:买2千克这种混合糖果需21元。 +【解题突破】先要求出这种混合糖果的单价,再求买2千克这种混合糖果的价钱。单价=总价÷数量。 + +2. 解: (1) 第一种促销价格为 $(100 - 20) \times 0.8 = 64$ (元), 第二种促销价格为 $100 \times 0.8 - 20 = 60$ (元), 所以选第二种。 + +(2)设商品原售价为“1”, + +则甲店售价为$ (1+10\%) \times (1-10\%) = 99\% $; + +乙店售价为$(1+15\%)\times(1-15\%)=97.75\%$, + +所以甲店售价更高些。 + +答:(1)能使消费者少花钱的方式是第二种; + +(2) 甲店售价更高些。 + +3. 解:该商品的定价为 $(832+960)\div(1-80\%)=8960$ (元), 则进价为 8960-960=8000 (元)。 + +答:商品进价是8000元。 + +4. 解:根据“量”“率”对应得到成本为 $4 \div (27\% - 25\%) = 200$(元),当初利润为 $200 \times 27\% = 54$(元)。所以原来定价为 $200 + 54 = 254$(元)。 + +答:原来定价是 254 元。 + +5.【思路分析】把成本看作单位“1”,那么定价是$1+1\times40\%$,按照九五折出售,售价是$(1+1\times40\%)\times95\%$,获得的利润是$(1+1\times40\%)\times95\%-1$。再根 diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00008.md b/markdowns/education_math_00008.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f25fe76fe9cc2193a6d86f984f29e8945a38557d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00008.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +7. 学生问老师多少岁,老师说:“当我像你这么大时你刚一岁,当你像我这么大时我已经40岁了”,老师现在___岁。 + +8. 甲是乙现在的年龄时, 乙 8 岁, 乙是甲现在的年龄时, 甲 23 岁, 那么甲比乙大__________岁。 + +## 二、选择题 + +1. 父亲的年龄是女儿现在的年龄时,女儿刚 4 岁;当父亲 79 岁时,女儿的年龄恰好是父亲现在的年龄,则父亲现在的年龄是( )。 + +A. 54 岁 B. 64 岁 C. 52 岁 D. 56 岁 + +2. 爷爷今年的年龄为 $a$ 岁, 是明明年龄的 5 倍, 5 年后, 爷爷和明明的年龄之和是( )。 + +$A. 5a$ B. $5a+5$ C. $5a+10$ D. $1.2a+10$ + +3. 母女俩年龄相差 28 岁, 母女俩年龄比是 3:1, 那么女儿是( )岁。 + +A. 12 B. 13 C. 14 D. 15 + +## 单元四 鸡兔同笼问题 + +## 一、解答题 + +1.《孙子算经》中有一个有趣的问题:“今有雉兔同笼,上有三十五头,下有九十四足,问雉兔各几何?”那么有多少只兔子? + +2. 在一个停车场,共有 24 辆车,其中汽车有 4 个轮子,代步车有 3 个轮子,这些车共有 86 个轮子,那么代步车有多少辆? + +3. 某小学举行了一次数学竞赛,试题共 15 道,每做对一道得 8 分,每做错一道扣 4 分,小刚共得 72 分,那么他做对了几道题? + +4. 小华解答数学题, 答对一题得 4 分, 答错一题或不答都要倒扣 4 分, 她答了 20 题, 结果只得了 48 分。请问, 小华答错了几道题? + +5. 一次考试共有 10 道小题, 做对一道得 5 分, 做错一道减 3 分, 没做的得 0 分, 小刚共得 11 分, 那么他没做的题目有多少道? diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00009.md b/markdowns/education_math_00009.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5680646978c50a1a93a869afc6bba8baf006727d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00009.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +A. $\frac{1}{30}$ B. $\frac{1}{3000}$ C. $\frac{1}{3000000}$ D. $\frac{1}{300000}$ + +2. 一幅图的比例尺是 1:5000000, 下面哪个选项是这幅图的线段比例尺()。 + +A. 0 500 1000 1500 2000(千米) + +B. 0 50 100 150 200 (米) + +C. 0 50 100 150 200 (千米) + +D. 0 500 1000 1500 2000 (米) + +3. 在比例尺是 1:3000000 的地图上, 量得 A、B 两港距离为 12 厘米, 一艘轮船于上午 7 时以每小时 24 千米的速度从 A 港开往 B 港, 到达 B 港的时间是( )。 + +A. 16 时 B. 18 时 C. 20 时 D. 22 时 + +4. 一个长方形操场长 110 米, 宽 65 米, 画在练习本上, 应该选的比例尺为( )。 + +A. 1:200 B. 1:400000 C. 1:10000 D. 1:2000 + +5. 一个正方形广场占地面积约为 2250000 平方米, 若按照比例尺 1:12000 缩小后, 其面积比较接近( )。 + +$$ +\begin{array}{ll} +\text{A. 一个篮球场的面积} & \text{B. 一张乒乓球台面的面积} \\ +\text{C. 华商报一个版面的面积} & \text{D. 数学课本封面的面积} +\end{array} +$$ + +## 二、填空题 + +1. 在比例尺是 1:6000000 的地图上,5 厘米的线段表示实际距离________ 千米。 + +2. 把一个精密仪器的一个配件画在比例尺为 8:1 的图纸上, 若这个配件长 3 毫米, 画在图纸上是 ___ 厘米。 + +3. 小丽的身高是 1.4 米, 在她们班的毕业照片上她却只有 2.8 厘米高, 小丽量出这张照片上杨老师是 3.3 厘米高, 则杨老师身高是 ___ 米。 + +4. 甲、乙两地相距 1050 千米, 在比例尺是 1:3000000 的地图上甲、乙两地的距离为 ___ 厘米。 + +5. 一个长方形操场, 长 120 米, 宽 80 米。把它画在比例尺是 $\frac{1}{1000}$ 的图纸上, 长应画 _______ 厘米, 宽应画 _______ 厘米。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00010.md b/markdowns/education_math_00010.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7a87a46cd6bd8e8b02659656f01a48c501f3c1c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00010.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +6. 如图 7-9 所示, 一个圆的周长为 1.26 米, 两只蚂蚁分别从直径 AB 的两端同时出发沿圆周相向爬行。这两只蚂蚁每秒分别爬行 5.5 厘米和 3.5 厘米。它们每爬行 1 秒、3 秒、5 秒……(连续的奇数), 就调头爬行。那么, 它们相遇时已爬行的时间是 ___ 秒。 + + + +图 7-9 + +7. 甲、乙两地相距 3.6 千米,两只狗从甲、乙两地相向奔跑。它们每分钟分别跑 450 米和 350 米。它们相向跑 1 分钟后,同时调头背向跑 2 分钟,又调头相向跑 3 分钟,再调头背向跑 4 分钟……直到相遇为止,从出发到相遇共需________分钟。 + +8. 如图7-10所示,甲、乙两车分别自A、B两城同时出发相向行驶,在C地相遇,继续行驶分别到达B、A两城后,立即返回,在D处再次相遇,已知$AC=30$千米,$AD=40$千米,则$AB=$_________千米。 + + + +图 7-10 + +9. A、B 两地相距 13.5 千米, 甲、乙两人分别由 A、B 两地同时相向而行, 各在 A、B 两地之间往返一次, 甲比乙先返回原地, 途中两人第一次迎面相遇于 C 地, 第二次迎面相遇于 D 地, 已知两次相遇时间间隔为 3 小时 20 分钟, C、D 两地相距 3 千米, 则甲的速度是________千米/时, 乙的速度是________千米/时。 + +10. 已知: A、B 两地之间的距离为 900 千米, C 地介于 A、B 两地之间, 甲车从 A 地驶往 C 地, 乙车从 B 地经 C 地驶往 A 地, 已知两车同时出发, 相向而行, 结果两车同时到达 C 地后, 甲车因故在 C 地需停留一段时间, 然后返回 A 地, 乙车继续驶往 A 地, 设乙车行驶时间 x(小时), 两车之间的距离为 y(千米), 如图 7-11 所示的图像表示 y 与 x 之间的关系, 如果两车出发时间是早上 8:00, 那么 a 点所表示的时间是 ___。 + + + +图 7-11 diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00011.md b/markdowns/education_math_00011.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..951e31a335d7db6b40f31f476c5d718230c3843d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00011.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +## 第一章 典型基础应用题 + +## 单元一 归一归总问题 + +## 一、填空题 + +1. 商店出售的鞋子的大小规格有两种表示方法“厘米”和“码”,已知19厘米相当于28码,13.5厘米相当于17码,那么___厘米相当于35码。 + +2. 一项工程,预计15个工人每天做4小时,18天可以完成,为了缩短工期,增加3人并且每天工作时间增加1小时,可以提前___天完成这项工程。 + +3. 某厂生产一批水泥,原计划每天生产 150 吨,可以按时完成任务。实际每天增产 30 吨,结果只用了 25 天就完成了任务,原计划完成生产任务需要__________天。 + +4.11 个李子的重量等于 2 个苹果和 1 个桃子的重量,2 个李子和 1 个苹果的重量等于 1 个桃子的重量,那么,一个桃子的重量等于 ___ 个李子的重量。 + +5. 如图 1-1(a) 所示, 在第一个天平上, 砝码 A 的质量等于砝码 B 加上砝码 C 的质量; 如图 1-1(b) 所示, 在第二个天平上, 砝码 A 加上砝码 B 的质量等于 4 个砝码 C 的质量。那么, 1 个砝码 A 与 ___ 个砝码 C 的质量相等。 + + + +(a) + + + +(b) + +图 1-1 + +## 二、解答题 + +1. 从儿童节那天开始,小明4天看了60页书,照这样计算,这个月(共30天)小明一共可以看多少页书? + +2. 工厂计划生产一批零件,每天生产320个零件,10天就能完成任务,如果每天生产 diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00012.md b/markdowns/education_math_00012.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a3e7a80c52db78c43738e68da339e1adeff96543 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00012.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +每隔 12 分钟相遇一次,若两个人速度不变,还是在原来出发点同时出发,哥哥改为按逆时针方向跑,则两人每隔 4 分钟相遇一次,跑得快者跑一圈用的时间为多少? + +10. 如图 7-13 所示, 甲、乙、丙是一条路上的三个车站, 乙站到甲、丙两站的距离相等, 小强和小明同时分别从甲、丙两站出发, 相向而行, 小强经过乙站 80 米后与小明相遇, 然后两人又继续前进, 小强走到丙站立即返回, 经过乙站 240 米后又追上了小明, 问: 甲、乙两站的距离是多少米? + + + +图 7-13 + +11. 如图 7-14 所示, 甲、乙两人分别在 A、B 两地同时相向而行, 于 E 处相遇后, 甲继续向 B 地行走, 乙则休息了 14 分钟, 再继续向 A 地行走, 甲和乙到达 B 地和 A 地后立即折返, 仍在 E 处相遇, 已知甲每分钟行走 60 米, 乙每分钟行走 80 米, 求 A 和 B 两地相距多少米? + + + +图 7-14 + +12. A、B 两地相距 105 千米, 甲、乙两人骑自行车分别从两地同时相向而行, 出发后经 $\frac{7}{4}$ 小时相遇, 接着两人继续前进, 在他们相遇了 3 分钟以后, 一直以每小时 40 千米的速度行驶的甲在途中与迎面而来的丙相遇, 丙在与甲相遇后继续前进, 在 C 地赶上乙, 如果开始时甲的速度比原速每小时慢 20 千米, 而乙的速度比原速每小时快 2 千米, 那么甲、乙就会在 C 地相遇, 求丙的骑行速度。 + +13. 某工厂每天早晨 7:00 都派小汽车按时接工程师上班,有一天,汽车在路上出了故障导致 7:10 时还未到达工程师家,于是工程师步行出了家门,走了一段时间后遇到了前来接他的小汽车,他上车后小汽车立即掉头继续前进,进入单位大门后,他发现比平时迟到 20 分钟,已知小汽车的速度是工程师步行速度的 6 倍,则小汽车在路上因故障耽误的时间为多少? + +14. 母亲节那天,小明的爸爸与妈妈一同回家看望爷爷奶奶,爷爷下午2点开车去机场接小明一家,往返需要1小时,小明一家在下午1点便下飞机向家的方向步行走去,途中遇到接他们的爷爷,便立刻乘爷爷的车回家,在下午2点40分到家。爷爷的车速是小明一家步行速度的多少倍? + +15. A、B 两城间的公路长为 450 千米, 甲、乙两车同时从 A 城出发沿这一公路驶向 B 城, 甲车到达 B 城 1 小时后沿原路返回, 如图 7-15 所示是它们离 A 城的路程 y (千米) 与行驶时 diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00013.md b/markdowns/education_math_00013.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0b5195c7ff7d09f2b6aabcedb6251d66758069b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00013.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +4. 设 $f(x)$ 是周期为 $2\pi$ 的周期函数,它在 $[- \pi, \pi)$ 上的表达式为 + +$f(x)=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}-\frac{\pi}{2}, & -\pi \leqslant x<-\frac{\pi}{2}, \\ x, & -\frac{\pi}{2} \leqslant x<\frac{\pi}{2}, \\ \frac{\pi}{2}, & \frac{\pi}{2} \leqslant x<\pi,\end{array}\right.$ + +将 $f(x)$ 展开成傅里叶级数. + +__解__ $f(x)$ 是奇函数,故 $a_n = 0$ ($n = 0,1,2,\cdots$); + +$$\begin{align*} +b_n &= \frac{2}{\pi} \int_{0}^{\pi} f(x) \sin nx \, dx = \frac{2}{\pi} \left[ \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} x \sin nx \, dx + \int_{\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\pi} \frac{\pi}{2} \sin nx \, dx \right] \\ +&= \frac{2}{\pi} \left[ \left. \frac{-x \cos nx}{n} \right|_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} + \frac{1}{n} \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \cos nx \, dx \right] + \int_{\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\pi} \sin nx \, dx \\ +&= \frac{-\cos \frac{n\pi}{2}}{n} + \frac{2 \sin \frac{n\pi}{2}}{\pi n^2} + \frac{\cos \frac{n\pi}{2} - \cos n\pi}{n} \\ +&= \frac{2}{n^2 \pi} \sin \frac{n\pi}{2} + \frac{(-1)^{n+1}}{n} \quad (n=1, 2, \cdots). +\end{align*}$$ + +因 $f(x)$ 满足收敛定理的条件,而在 $x=(2k+1)\pi(k\in\mathbb{Z})$ 处间断,故 + +$f(x)=\sum\limits_{n=1}^{\infty}\left[\frac{(-1)^{n+1}}{n}+\frac{2}{n^{2}\pi}\sin\frac{n\pi}{2}\right]\sin nx,x\neq(2k+1)\pi(k\in\mathbb{Z}).$ + +5. 将函数 $f(x)=\frac{\pi-x}{2}(0\leqslant x\leqslant\pi)$ 展开成正弦级数. + +解 作 + +$\varphi(x)=\begin{cases}f(x),&x\in(0,\pi],\\0,&x=0,\\-f(-x),&x\in(-\pi,0),\end{cases}$ + +$\varphi(x)$ 是 $f(x)$ 的奇延拓.令 $\Phi(x)$ 是 $\varphi(x)$ 的周期延拓,则 $\Phi(x)$ 满足收敛定理的条件,而在 $x = 2k\pi (k \in \mathbb{Z})$ 处间断,又在 $(0, \pi]$ 上,$\Phi(x) \equiv f(x)$,因此 $\Phi(x)$ 的傅里叶级数在 $(0, \pi]$ 上收敛于 $f(x)$. + +$a_{n}=0(n=0,1,2,\cdots);$ + +$$\begin{align*} +b_n &= \frac{2}{\pi} \int_{0}^{\pi} \frac{\pi - x}{2} \sin nx \, dx = \frac{2}{\pi} \left[ \frac{x - \pi}{2n} \cos nx - \frac{1}{2n^2} \sin nx \right]_{0}^{\pi} \\ +&= \frac{1}{n} (n = 1, 2, \cdots), +\end{align*}$$ + +故 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00014.md b/markdowns/education_math_00014.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c32d007b6c64b56aa1deac833f901bb927b18a4b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00014.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +$$\begin{aligned} & =-\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{1-n\pi i}{1+(n\pi)^{2}}\left(\mathrm{e}^{-1}\cdot\mathrm{e}^{-n\pi i}-\mathrm{e}\cdot\mathrm{e}^{n\pi i}\right)\\& =\frac{1-n\pi i}{1+(n\pi)^{2}}\frac{\mathrm{e}\cos n\pi-\mathrm{e}^{-1}\cos n\pi}{2}\\& =(-1)^{n}\frac{\mathrm{e}-\mathrm{e}^{-1}}{2}\frac{1-n\pi i}{1+n^{2}\pi^{2}}\quad(n=0,\pm1,\pm2,\cdots), \end{aligned}$$ + +故 + +$f(x)=\sum\limits_{n=-\infty}^{\infty}(-1)^{n}\frac{e-e^{-1}}{2}\frac{1-n\pi i}{1+n^{2}\pi^{2}}\cdot e^{in\pi x},x\in\mathbb{R}\setminus\{2k+1\mid k\in\mathbb{Z}\}.$ + +*4. 设 $u(t)$ 是周期为 $T$ 的周期函数. 已知它的傅里叶级数的复数形式为(参阅本节例题) + +$u(t) = \frac{h\tau}{T} + \frac{h}{\pi} \displaystyle\sum_{\substack{n=-\infty \\ n\neq 0}}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n} \sin \frac{n\pi\tau}{T} e^{i\frac{2n\pi t}{T}} \quad (-\infty < t < +\infty),$ + +试写出 $u(t)$ 的傅里叶级数的实数形式(即三角形式). + +__解__ 由题设知 $c_n = \frac{h}{n\pi} \sin \frac{n\pi\tau}{T}$ ($n = \pm 1, \pm 2, \cdots$). + +因 + +$c_{n}=\frac{a_{n}-ib_{n}}{2},c_{-n}=\frac{a_{n}+ib_{n}}{2}=\overline{c_{n}}\quad(n=1,2,\cdots),$ + +可见 + +$a_n = \operatorname{Re}(2\overline{c_n}), b_n = \operatorname{Im}(2\overline{c_n}).$ + +而 $c_{n}$ 为实数,故 + +$a_{n}=\frac{2h}{n\pi}\sin\frac{n\pi\tau}{T},b_{n}=0\quad(n=1,2,\cdots),$ + +故 + +$u(t) = \frac{h\tau}{T} + \frac{2h}{\pi} \sum\limits_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n} \sin \frac{n\pi\tau}{T} \cdot \cos \frac{2n\pi t}{T} \quad (-\infty < t < +\infty).$ + +## 总习题十二 + +1. 填空 + +(1)对级数 $\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} u_n$,$\lim\limits_{n \to \infty} u_n = 0$ 是它收敛的 ______ 条件,不是它收敛的 ______ 条件; + +(2) 部分和数列$\{S_n\}$有界是正项级数$\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} u_n$收敛的______条件; + +(3) 若级数 $\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} u_n$ 绝对收敛, 则级数 $\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} u_n$ 必定 ________; 若级数 $\sum\limits_{n=1}^{\infty} u_n$ 条件 diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00015.md b/markdowns/education_math_00015.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..298bd45af1ab7917c5156d8528794732ba1b8acc --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00015.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +## (五) 向量代数与空间解析几何 + +1. (1987. I, II) 与两直线 $\begin{cases} x = 1, \\ y = -1 + t, \\ z = 2 + t \end{cases}$ 及 $\frac{x+1}{1} = \frac{y+2}{2} = \frac{z-1}{1}$ 都平行,且过原点的平面方程为 ______. + +__解__ 两已知直线的方向向量分别为 $s_1=(1,2,1)$ 和 $s_2=(0,1,1)$,所求平面的法向量 $n$ 与 $s_1$ 和 $s_2$ 均垂直,故取 $n=s_1 \times s_2=(1,-1,1)$。又平面过原点,故平面方程为 $x-y+z=0$. + +2. (1990. I, II) 过点 $M(1,2,-1)$ 且与直线 $\begin{cases} x=-t+2, \\ y=3t-4, \\ z=t-1 \end{cases}$ 垂直的平面方程是______. + +解 已知直线的方向向量 $ s = (-1, 3, 1) $,所求平面的法向量 $n \parallel s$,故可取 n = s.于是平面的点法式方程为 $-1(x - 1) + 3(y - 2) + (z + 1) = 0$,即 x - 3y - z + 4 = 0. + +3. (1991. I, II) 已知两条直线的方程是 + +$L_1:\frac{x-1}{1}=\frac{y-2}{0}=\frac{z-3}{-1}, L_2:\frac{x+2}{2}=\frac{y-1}{1}=\frac{z}{1},$ + +则过 $L_1$ 且平行于 $L_2$ 的平面方程是______. + +__解__ 两已知直线的方向向量分别是 $s_1 = (1,0,-1)$ 和 $s_2 = (2,1,1)$. 所求平面的法向量 $n$ 与 $s_1$ 和 $s_2$ 都垂直,故可取 $n = s_1 \times s_2 = (1,-3,1)$. 又平面过 $L_1$ 上的一点 $(1,2,3)$,故所求平面的点法式方程为 + +$(x-1)-3(y-2)+(z-3)=0$ , 即 $x-3y+z+2=0.$ + +4. (1995. I, II) 设 $(a \times b) \cdot c = 2$,则 $[(a + b) \times (b + c)] \cdot (c + a) =$ ___. + +解 + +$$\begin{aligned} & [ ( a + b ) \times ( b + c ) ] \cdot ( c + a ) \\ = & ( a \times b + a \times c + b \times c ) \cdot ( c + a ) \\ = & ( a \times b ) \cdot c + ( b \times c ) \cdot a \\ = & ( a \times b ) \cdot c + ( a \times b ) \cdot c = 2 ( a \times b ) \cdot c = 4 . \end{aligned}$$ + +5.(1996.Ⅰ,Ⅱ)设一平面经过原点及点$ (6,-3,2) $,且与平面$ 4x-y+ $ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00016.md b/markdowns/education_math_00016.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fdf4905e3309e7013b17cc9bd7ec160edb8b6425 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00016.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +从而得 $l_0$ 的方程为 + +$$ +\left\{ +\begin{array}{l} +x - y + 2z - 1 = 0, \\ +x - 3y - 2z + 1 = 0, +\end{array} +\right. +\quad \text{即} \quad +\left\{ +\begin{array}{l} +x = 2y, \\ +z = -\frac{1}{2}(y - 1). +\end{array} +\right. +$$ + +设 $l_0$ 绕 $y$ 轴旋转一周所得的旋转曲面为 $S,(x,y,z)$ 为 $S$ 上任意一点。则该点由直线 $l_0$ 上的一点 $(x_0,y_0,z_0)$ 绕 $y$ 轴旋转而得,于是有关系:$y = y_0$, + +$x^{2} + z^{2} = x_{0}^{2} + z_{0}^{2} = (2y_{0})^{2} + \left[-\frac{1}{2}(y_{0}-1)\right]^{2} = 4y^{2} + \frac{1}{4}(y-1)^{2},$ + +从而得 $S$ 的方程为 + +$4x^2 - 17y^2 + 4z^2 + 2y - 1 = 0.$ + +__解法二__ 将直线 $l$ 的方程改写为一般方程:$\begin{cases} x - y - 1 = 0, \\ y + z - 1 = 0. \end{cases}$ 过 $l$ 的平面束方程为 + +$(x-y-1)+\lambda(y+z-1)=0,$ + +即 + +$x + (\lambda - 1)y + \lambda z - (1 + \lambda) = 0.$ + +现确定 $\lambda$ 的值,使向量 $(1,\lambda-1,\lambda)$ 与平面 $\pi$ 的法向量 $\boldsymbol{n}=(1,-1,2)$ 垂直,即令 $1-(\lambda-1)+2\lambda=0$ ,解得 $\lambda=-2$ 。从而得过 l 且垂直于 $\pi$ 的平面方程为 $x-3y-2z+1=0$ .(下同解法一) + +__解法三__ 经过$l$且垂直于平面$\pi$的平面$\pi_1$的法向量$n_1$可取为$(1,1,-1)\times(1,-1,2)=(1,-3,-2)$. 又$\pi_1$通过$l$上的点$(1,0,1)$,故$\pi_1$的方程为 + +$(x-1)-3y-2(z-1)=0$ , 即 $x-3y-2z+1=0.$ + +(下同解法一) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00017.md b/markdowns/education_math_00017.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ff23d9caa0eb964b418d1a71e84224c7004a8a9f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00017.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +## (六)多元函数微分学 + +1. (1997. I) 二元函数 $f(x,y)=\begin{cases}\frac{xy}{x^2+y^2},(x,y)\neq(0,0),\\0,\quad\quad(x,y)=(0,0)\end{cases}$ 在点 $(0,0)$ 处( ). + +(A) 连续、偏导数存在. +(B) 连续、偏导数不存在. +(C) 不连续、偏导数存在. +(D) 不连续、偏导数不存在. + +$$\textbf{解}\quad f_x(0,0) = \lim_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{f(0+\Delta x, 0) - f(0,0)}{\Delta x} = 0, \text{同理}, f_y(0,0) = 0, \text{故偏导数存在. 又当} (x,y) \text{沿} y=kx \text{趋向于} (0,0) \text{时}$$ + +$\lim\limits_{\substack{(x,y)\to(0,0)\\y=kx}}f(x,y)=\lim\limits_{x\to0}\frac{kx^{2}}{x^{2}+(kx)^{2}}=\frac{k}{1+k^{2}}$. + +随着 k 的不同,该极限值也不同,所以极限 $\lim\limits_{(x,y)\to(0,0)}f(x,y)$ 不存在, $f(x,y)$ 在 $(0,0)$ 不连续. 应选(C). + +2. (1991. I, II) 由方程 $xyz + \sqrt{x^2 + y^2 + z^2} = \sqrt{2}$ 所确定的函数 $z = z(x, y)$ 在点 $(1, 0, -1)$ 处的全微分 $dz =$ _______. + +解 在所给方程两端分别取全微分, 得 + +$yz\,dx + xz\,dy + xy\,dz + \frac{1}{\sqrt{x^{2} + y^{2} + z^{2}}}(xdx + ydy + zdz) = 0,$ + +因此,在点$(1,0,-1)$处 $dz=dx-\sqrt{2}dy.$ + +3. (1987.II) 设 $z = f(u, x, y)$, $u = xe^{y}$,其中 f 具有二阶连续偏导数,求 $\frac{\partial^{2}z}{\partial x \partial y}$. + +解 + +$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x} = f_u \frac{\partial u}{\partial x} + f_x = f_u \cdot e^y + f_x,$ + +$\frac{\partial^{2} z}{\partial x \partial y}=\frac{\partial}{\partial y}\left(f_{u} \cdot e^{y}+f_{x}\right)=\left(f_{u u} \cdot \frac{\partial u}{\partial y}+f_{u y}\right) e^{y}+f_{u} \cdot e^{y}+f_{x u} \frac{\partial u}{\partial y}+f_{x y}$ +$=f_{u u} \cdot x e^{2 y}+f_{u y} \cdot e^{y}+f_{u} \cdot e^{y}+f_{x u} \cdot x e^{y}+f_{x y}.$ + +4. (1995. I, II) 设 $u = f(x, y, z)$, $\varphi(x^2, e^y, z) = 0$, $y = \sin x$, 其中 $f, \varphi$ 都具有一阶连续偏导数, 且 $\frac{\partial \varphi}{\partial z} \neq 0$, 求 $\frac{du}{dx}$. diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00018.md b/markdowns/education_math_00018.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dd3143df8b6bc75070348ce1e3fb13f808ca26b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00018.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +(记作$(\oint\limits_{\widehat{MQNRM}} - \oint\limits_{\widehat{MQNPM}}) \frac{\varphi(y) dx + 2xy dy}{2x^2 + y^4}$,下同)$=0$. + +根据第二类曲线积分的性质,再利用上式可得 + +$$\begin{aligned}\oint _ { C } { \frac { \varphi ( y ) d x + 2 x y d y } { 2 x ^ { 2 } + y ^ { 4 } } }& = \left( \int \limits_ { \widehat { N R M } } + \int\limits _ { \widehat { M P N } } \right) { \frac { \varphi ( y ) d x + 2 x y d y } { 2 x ^ { 2 } + y ^ { 4 } } } \\ +& = \left( \int\limits _ { \widehat { N R M } } - \int\limits _ { \widehat { N P M } } \right) { \frac { \varphi ( y ) d x + 2 x y d y } { 2 x ^ { 2 } + y ^ { 4 } } } \\ +& = \left[ \left( \int \limits_ { \widehat { M Q N } } + \int \limits_ { \widehat { N R M } } \right) - \left( \int\limits _ { \widehat { M Q N } } + \int \limits_ { \widehat { N P M } } \right) \right] { \frac { \varphi ( y ) d x + 2 x y d y } { 2 x ^ { 2 } + y ^ { 4 } } } \\ +& = \left( \oint \limits_ { \widehat { M Q N R M } } - \oint \limits_ { \widehat { M Q N P M } } \right) { \frac { \varphi ( y ) d x + 2 x y d y } { 2 x ^ { 2 } + y ^ { 4 } } } = 0 .\end{aligned}$$ + +(Ⅱ)解 设 $P = \frac{\varphi(y)}{2x^2 + y^4}$,$Q = \frac{2xy}{2x^2 + y^4}$,$P$、$Q$ 在单连通区域 $x > 0$ 内具有一阶连续偏导数。由(Ⅰ)知,曲线积分 $\int_L \frac{\varphi(y)dx + 2xydy}{2x^2 + y^4}$ 在该区域内与路径无关,故当 $x > 0$ 时,恒有 $\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial P}{\partial y}$. + +$\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x}=\frac{2y(2x^{2}+y^{4})-4x\cdot2xy}{(2x^{2}+y^{4})^{2}}=\frac{-4x^{2}y+2y^{5}}{(2x^{2}+y^{4})^{2}},$ + +$\frac{\partial P}{\partial y} = \frac{\varphi^{\prime}(y)(2x^{2} + y^{4}) - 4\varphi(y)y^{3}}{(2x^{2} + y^{4})^{2}} = \frac{2x^{2}\varphi^{\prime}(y) + \varphi^{\prime}(y)y^{4} - 4\varphi(y)y^{3}}{(2x^{2} + y^{4})^{2}}$, + +比较上列两式的右端,要使它们恒等,需有 + +$\varphi'(y) = -2y$ 和 $\varphi'(y)y^4 - 4\varphi(y)y^3 = 2y^5$. + +由 $\varphi'(y) = -2y$ 得 $\varphi(y) = -y^{2} + C$,代入第二式得 + +$\varphi^{\prime}(y)y^{4}-4\varphi(y)y^{3}=-2y^{5}+4y^{5}-4Cy^{3}=2y^{5},$ + +因此 $C=0$,从而得 $\varphi(y) = -y^2$. + +19. (1990. I, II)质点 $P$ 沿着以 $AB$ 为直径的半圆周, 从点 $A(1,2)$ 运动到点 $B(3,4)$ 的过程中受变力 $F$ 的作用 (图研 7-6), $F$ 的大小等于点 $P$ 与原点 $O$ 之间的距离, 其方向垂直于线段 $OP$, 且与 $y$ 轴正向的夹角小于 $\frac{\pi}{2}$. 求变力 $F$ 对质点 $P$ 所作的功. + + + +图研 7-6 + +解 + +$\overrightarrow{OP}=x\boldsymbol{i}+y\boldsymbol{j},$ + +按题意,$|F|=|\overrightarrow{OP}|=\sqrt{x^2+y^2}$. diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00019.md b/markdowns/education_math_00019.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..79615dfa9ed20cf1e8aeae6cf31386da424bf204 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00019.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +## (一) 高等数学(下)期中考试试卷(I) + +## 试题 + +## 一、填空、选择题 + +1. 如果函数 $f(x,y)$ 满足如下条件中的______,则该函数在点 $(x_0,y_0)$ 处连续. + +(A) $\lim\limits_{x \to x_0} f(x, y_0) = f(x_0, y_0)$ 且 $\lim\limits_{y \to y_0} f(x_0, y) = f(x_0, y_0)$. +(B) $f(x,y)$在$(x_0,y_0)$处沿$l$方向有$\frac{\partial f}{\partial l}$. +(C) $f(x,y)$有偏导数$f_x(x_0,y_0),f_y(x_0,y_0)$. +(D) $f(x,y)$在$(x_0,y_0)$处可微分. + +2. 设函数 $f(x,y,z)$ 可微分且 $f_x(0,0,0)=1$, $f_y(0,0,0)=2$, $f_z(0,0,0)=3$. 如果 $u=f(x,\sin x,\tan x)$, 则 $\frac{du}{dx}\bigg|_{x=0}=$ ______. + +3. 如果函数 $f(x, y) = x^y$ 在点 $(1,1)$ 处沿某方向 $l$ 取得最大增长率, 则 $l=$ _______. + +4. 设曲面 $\Sigma$ 由曲线 $\begin{cases} 3x^2 - y^2 = 1, \\ z = 0 \end{cases}$ 绕 $x$ 轴旋转而成, 则 $\Sigma$ 在点 $(1,1,1)$ 处的单位法向量为______. + +5. 曲线 $\begin{cases} x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 3, \\ x + y + z = 1 \end{cases}$ 在点 $(1,1,-1)$ 处的切线的对称式方程是 ______. + +6. 设 $f(x,y)$ 为连续函数,若交换积分次序,则 $\int_{0}^{2}\mathrm{d}x\int_{x^{2}-2x}^{\sqrt{2x}}f(x,y)\mathrm{d}y=$ ___. + +二、设 $f(x-y,\ln x)=\left(1-\frac{y}{x}\right)\frac{\mathrm{e}^{x-y}}{x\ln x}$,写出 $f(x,y)$ 的表达式并求 $\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$ 与 $\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}$. diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00020.md b/markdowns/education_math_00020.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..78f4227e3bae2a26785fb3f7fea92c3b5a7c1c52 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00020.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +$$\begin{aligned} M & = \iiint\limits_{\Omega} z \, dV = \iint\limits_{D} dxdy \int_{a - \sqrt{a^2 - x^2 - y^2}}^{\sqrt{a^2 - x^2 - y^2}} z \, dz \\ & = \frac{1}{2} \iint\limits_{D} \left[ 2a \sqrt{a^2 - x^2 - y^2} - a^2 \right] dxdy \\ & = \frac{1}{2} \int_{0}^{2\pi} d\theta \int_{0}^{\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a} \left[ 2a \sqrt{a^2 - \rho^2} - a^2 \right] \rho d\rho = \frac{5}{24} \pi a^4. \end{aligned}$$ + +八、(1) $\tau = (1, -2t, 3t^2)$, $n = (0, 3, 2)$. + +令 $\boldsymbol{\tau} \cdot \boldsymbol{n} = 0$,得 $t_{1} = 0, t_{2} = 1$,即 + +$\tau_{1}=(1,0,0),\tau_{2}=(1,-2,3).$ + +所求切线方程为 + +$\frac{x}{1} = \frac{y}{0} = \frac{z}{0} \text{ 与 } \frac{x-1}{1} = \frac{y+1}{-2} = \frac{z-1}{3}.$ + +(2) 取 $M_{1}(0,0,0)$, $M_{2}=(1,-1,1)$, $\overrightarrow{M_{1}M_{2}}=(1,-1,1)$. 所求距离为 + +$d=\frac{\left|(\tau_{1}\times\tau_{2})\cdot\overrightarrow{M_{2}M_{1}}\right|}{\left|\tau_{1}\times\tau_{2}\right|}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{13}}$ diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00021.md b/markdowns/education_math_00021.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8456f9542600158cca0f15f01171bdcb6c6e22e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00021.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +总习题十 ................................................................. 140 + +第十一章 曲线积分与曲面积分 ........................................... 153 + 习题 11-1 对弧长的曲线积分 ........................................ 153 + 习题 11-2 对坐标的曲线积分 ........................................ 158 + 习题 11-3 格林公式及其应用 ........................................ 163 + 习题 11-4 对面积的曲面积分 ........................................ 173 + 习题 11-5 对坐标的曲面积分 ........................................ 179 + 习题 11-6 高斯公式 *通量与散度 .................................... 183 + 习题 11-7 斯托克斯公式 *环流量与旋度 .............................. 187 + 总习题十一 ........................................................ 193 + +第十二章 无穷级数 ..................................................... 203 + 习题 12-1 常数项级数的概念和性质 ................................. 203 + 习题 12-2 常数项级数的审敛法 ...................................... 207 + 习题 12-3 幂级数 .................................................. 211 + 习题 12-4 函数展开成幂级数 ........................................ 214 + 习题 12-5 函数的幂级数展开式的应用 ............................... 219 + 习题 12-6 函数项级数的一致收敛性及一致收敛级数的基本性质 ....... 226 + 习题 12-7 傅里叶级数 .............................................. 229 + 习题 12-8 一般周期函数的傅里叶级数 ............................... 235 + 总习题十二 ........................................................ 240 + +## 二、全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学试题选解 + + (五) 向量代数与空间解析几何 ………………………………………… 253 + + (六) 多元函数微分学 …………………………………………………… 257 + +(七) 多元函数积分学 …………………………………………………… 270 + + (八) 无穷级数 …………………………………………………………… 286 + +## 三、同济大学高等数学试卷选编 + + (一)高等数学(下)期中考试试卷(Ⅰ) ………………… 299 + +$\quad$ 试题 …......………………………………………………………… 299 +$\quad$ 参考答案 ……………………………..…………………………… 300 + + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00022.md b/markdowns/education_math_00022.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1388c35b8f02edc9cb6b72f552b50ed6bdb76dc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00022.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +解 设直角三角形的两直角边之长分别为 $x, y$,则周长 + +$S = x + y + l \quad (0 < x < l, 0 < y < l).$ + +本题是求周长 $S$ 在 $x^2 + y^2 = l^2$ 条件下的条件极值问题. + +作拉格朗日函数 + +$L(x,y) = x + y + l + \lambda(x^2 + y^2 - l^2).$ + +令 + +$$ +\left\{ +\begin{array}{l} +L_x = 1 + 2\lambda x = 0, \\ +L_y = 1 + 2\lambda y = 0. +\end{array} +\right. +$$ + +解得 $x=y=-\frac{1}{2\lambda}$. 代入 $x^{2}+y^{2}=l^{2}$,得 $\lambda=-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2l}$,于是 $x=y=\frac{l}{\sqrt{2}}$,$\left(\frac{l}{\sqrt{2}},\frac{l}{\sqrt{2}}\right)$ 是惟一可能的极值点,根据问题性质可知这种最大周长的直角三角形一定存在,所以在斜边之长为 l 的一切直角三角形中,周长最大的是等腰直角三角形. + +注 条件极值的解法,一般是采用拉格朗日乘数法求解.但要注意利用乘数法所得到的点只是可能极值点,究竟这些点是否极值点以及是极大点还是极小点尚需进一步判断.在实际问题中往往可根据问题本身的性质来判定.在特殊情形下,条件极值问题可化为无条件极值问题求解. + +7. 要造一个容积等于定数 k 的长方体无盖水池,应如何选择水池的尺寸,方可使它的表面积最小. + +__解__ 设水池的长为 $a$,宽为 $b$,高为 $c$,则水池的表面积为 + +$A=ab+2ac+2bc(a>0,b>0,c>0).$ + +约束条件 $abc = k$. + +作拉格朗日函数 $L(a,b,c)=ab+2ac+2bc+\lambda(abc-k)$. + +由 + +$$ +\left\{ +\begin{array}{l} +L_a = b + 2c + \lambda bc = 0, \\ +L_b = a + 2c + \lambda ac = 0, \\ +L_c = 2a + 2b + \lambda ab = 0, \\ +abc = k, +\end{array} +\right. +$$ + +解得 $a=b=\sqrt[3]{2k}$, $c=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt[3]{2k}$, $\lambda=-\sqrt[3]{\frac{32}{k}}$. + +$\left(\sqrt[3]{2k},\sqrt[3]{2k},\frac{1}{2}\sqrt[3]{2k}\right)$ 是惟一可能的极值点,由问题本身可知 A 一定有最小值,所以表面积最小的水池的长和宽都应为 $\sqrt[3]{2k}$,高为 $\frac{1}{2}\sqrt[3]{2k}$. + +8. 在平面 $xOy$ 上求一点, 使它到 $x=0$, $y=0$ 及 $x+2y-16=0$ 三直线的距离平方之和为最小. diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00023.md b/markdowns/education_math_00023.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..df7bbdf70d6bbb68241fdcdf24952afc2b2875c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00023.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +$y)\geqslant1$,从而$\left[\ln(x+y)\right]^{2}\geqslant\ln(x+y)$。因此 + +$$\iint \limits_ { D } [ \ln ( x + y ) ] ^ { 2 } d \sigma \geqslant \iint \limits_ { D } \ln ( x + y ) d \sigma .$$ + +5. 利用二重积分的性质估计下列积分的值: + +(1) $I = \iint\limits_D xy(x + y) d\sigma$, 其中 $D = \{(x, y) \mid 0 \leq x \leq 1, 0 \leq y \leq 1\}$; + +(2) $I = \iint\limits_D \sin^2 x \sin^2 y \, d\sigma$, 其中 $D = \{(x,y) \mid 0 \leq x \leq \pi, 0 \leq y \leq \pi\}$; + +(3) $$ I = \iint\limits_{D} (x + y + 1) \, d\sigma ,其中 D = \{(x, y) \mid 0 \leqslant x \leqslant 1, 0 \leqslant y \leqslant 2\} ;$$ + +(4) $$ I = \iint\limits_{D} (x^{2} + 4y^{2} + 9) \, d\sigma ,其中 D = \{(x, y) \mid x^{2} + y^{2} \leqslant 4\}. $$ + +解 (1)在积分区域 $D$ 上,$0 \leqslant x \leqslant 1$,$0 \leqslant y \leqslant 1$,从而 $0 \leqslant xy(x+y) \leqslant 2$ 又 $D$ 的面积等于 1,因此 + +$0 \leqslant \iint_{D} xy (x + y) \, d\sigma \leqslant 2.$ + +(2) 在积分区域 D 上,$0 \leqslant \sin x \leqslant 1, 0 \leqslant \sin y \leqslant 1$,从而 $0 \leqslant \sin^{2} x \sin^{2} y \leqslant 1$,又 D 的面积等于 $\pi^{2}$,因此 + +$0 \leqslant \iint_{D} \sin^{2} x \sin^{2} y \, d\sigma \leqslant \pi^{2}.$ + +(3) 在积分区域 D 上有 $1 \leqslant x + y + 1 \leqslant 4$,D 的面积等于 2,因此 + +$2 \leqslant \iint\limits_{D}(x+y+1) \mathrm{d} \sigma \leqslant 8.$ + +(4) 因为在积分区域 D 上有 $0 \leqslant x^{2} + y^{2} \leqslant 4$,所以有 + +$9 \leqslant x^{2} + 4y^{2} + 9 \leqslant 4(x^{2} + y^{2}) + 9 \leqslant 25.$ + +又 D 的面积等于 $4\pi$,因此 + +$36\pi\leqslant\iint_{D}(x^{2}+4y^{2}+9)\,d\sigma\leqslant100\pi.$ + +## 习题 10-2 二重积分的计算法 + +1. 计算下列二重积分: + +(1) $\iint\limits_{D}(x^{2}+y^{2})d\sigma$, 其中 $D = \{(x,y) \mid |x| \leqslant 1, |y| \leqslant 1\}$; + +(2) $\iint\limits_{D}(3x+2y)d\sigma$, 其中 $D$ 是由两坐标轴及直线 $x+y=2$ 所围成的闭区域; diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00024.md b/markdowns/education_math_00024.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..75496da2503bd9c9e0b6f34e3b1b64bfb1ad8f5e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00024.md @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +由 $\frac{2}{1} = \frac{b - 13}{13 - a}$,解得 $2a + b = 39$;A 和 B 按照 1:2 配比成 14% 的溶液,由 $\frac{1}{2} = \frac{b - 14}{14 - a}$,解得 $a + 2b = 42$。 + +联立方程组 $\begin{cases} 2a + b = 39 \\ a + 2b = 42 \end{cases}$,解得 $\begin{cases} a = 12 \\ b = 15 \end{cases}$。 +若 A 与 B 按照 1 : 1 进行配比,则混合液浓度为 $\frac{12\% + 15\%}{2} = 13.5\%$; + +设 C 的浓度为 $x\%$, 根据“十字交叉法”。 + + + +由 $\frac{2}{3} = \frac{10.2 - x}{13.5 - 10.2}$,解得 x = 8。所以 C 的浓度为 8%。 + +## 单元四 方程问题 + +## 一、解答题 + +1. 解: 根据题意, 100 克甲瓶盐水与 300 克乙瓶盐水所含溶质相同, 所以, 甲瓶盐水的溶质为混合溶液溶质的 $\frac{1}{2}$ 。又因为甲瓶溶液是混合溶液的 $\frac{1}{4}$,所以甲瓶盐水的浓度为 $1 \times 15\% \times \frac{1}{2} \div \frac{1}{4} = 30\%$ 。 + +答:甲瓶盐水的浓度是 30%。 + +2.【思路分析】此题可设丙种酒精溶液为 x 千克,根据“甲种酒精溶液中纯酒精千克数 + 乙种酒精溶液中纯酒精的千克数 + 丙种酒精溶液中纯酒精的千克数 = 三种酒精溶液混合后纯酒精的千克数”列方程解答。 + +解: 设丙种酒精溶液有 x 千克, 乙种酒精溶液有 $(x + 3)$ 千克, 甲种酒精溶液有 $11 - x - (x + 3) = 8 - 2x$ 千克。根据题意可得 $(8 - 2x) \times 40\% + (x + 3) \times 36\% + x \times 35\% = 11 \times 38.5\%$, 解得 x = 0.5, 则 $8 - 2x = 8 - 0.5 \times 2 = 7$ (千克), 所以甲种酒精溶液有 7 千克。 + +答: 甲种酒精溶液有 7 千克。 + +【解题突破】解答此题的关键是用字母表示其中一个未知量,并利用数量间的相等关系列出方程。题中有多个未知量时,应确定用字母表示哪个未知量最便于列方程,其他的未知量根据数量关系用含有字母的式子表示。 + +3. 解: 设乙瓶酒精溶液的浓度为 $x\%$, 则混合溶液的浓度为 $2x\%$。由题意知 x < 2x < 8。 + + + +解得 $x = 3$。 + +答: 原来乙瓶酒精溶液的浓度为 3%。 + +4. 解:(1) 设 A、B 两种酒精溶液混合后的浓度为 $y\%$。 + + + +解得 $y = 12$。 + +(2)设 A 种酒精溶液的浓度为 $x\%$, 则 B 种酒精溶液的浓度为 $\frac{x}{2}\%$。 + + + +解得 $x = 20$。 + +答:(1) A、B 两种酒精溶液混合后的浓度是 12%; (2) A 种酒精溶液的浓度是 20%。 + +5. 解: 20% 与 30% 的两种酒精溶液按 3:1 的比例混合后得到溶液的浓度为 + +$\begin{aligned}&(3\times20\%+1\times30\%)\div(3+1)\\&=(60\%+30\%)\div4\\&=22.5\%\end{aligned}$ + +浓度为 45% 的酒精溶液用量为 + +$(45 \times 35\% - 45 \times 22.5\%) \div (45\% - 22.5\%)$ +$=(15.75-10.125)\div0.225$ +$=5.625\div0.225$ +$=25(千克)$ + +浓度为 20% 的酒精用量溶液为 + +$(45-25)\div(3+1)\times3$ +$=20\div4\times3$ +$=15$(千克) + +浓度为 30% 的酒精溶液用量为 + +$15 \div 3 = 5$ (千克) + +答:浓度为 20%、30% 和 45% 的三种酒精溶液分别用了 15 千克、5 千克和 25 千克。 + +6. 解: 设小瓶溶液浓度为 $x\%$, 则 $3 \times 8\% + 2 \cdot x\% = 2 \cdot x\% \times (2 + 3)$, +解得 x = 3, 即小瓶溶液的浓度为 3%。 + +答:原来小瓶酒精溶液的浓度是百分之三。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00025.md b/markdowns/education_math_00025.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..67ebedcc856f25eb5f620345151b45e7a5534a6d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00025.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +2. 小华家所在的单元楼,地面上32层是居民住房,地下2层是停车场,小华乘电梯从地下2层到地上26层时,电梯上升了几层? + +3. 现在有小树苗若干棵,准备围绕圆形水池栽种,若每棵树苗相距2米,还少5棵树苗;若每棵树苗相距3米,还剩余4棵树苗,求小树苗有多少棵?圆形水池的周长是多少米? + +4. 在一条公路两边植树,每隔3米种1棵,从公路东头种到西头还剩5棵树苗;如果改为每隔2.5米种1棵,还缺树苗115棵,问这条公路长多少米? + +5. 为保持水土、美化环境,某小学准备在校门口到操场的道路两侧栽一些垂柳,要求路两侧树的棵数和间距均相等,且首、尾两端均栽上树,现在学校已备好一批树苗,若每间隔3米栽一棵,则缺少18棵;若每间隔3.5米栽一棵,则缺少10棵。 + +(1)如果每间隔4米栽一棵,则所备树苗是剩余还是不足?剩余或缺少多少棵? + +(2)如果想使备用树苗够用且刚好用完,应该每间隔多少米栽一棵树?(精确到0.1米) + +## 单元七 平均数问题 + +## 一、填空题 + +1. 把一些练习本分给两个组的学生,平均每人可分得6本。如果只分给甲组的学生,每人可分得10本;如果只分给乙组的学生,每人可分得________本。 + +2. 甲班有 55 人, 乙班有 45 人, 某次考试两个班全体同学的平均成绩是 80 分, 乙班的平均成绩要比甲班的平均成绩高 7 分, 问乙班的平均成绩是 ___ 分。 + +3. 小华前 $n$ 次数学测试的平均分是85,这一次考了100分后平均成绩提高至88分,这一次是第__________次测试。 + +4. 甲、乙、丙、丁四人参加一个计算机技能比赛,甲、乙两人的平均成绩为 85 分,他们两人的平均成绩比丙的成绩低 9 分,比丁的成绩高 3 分,那么他们四人的平均成绩为 ___ 分。 + +5. 六年级一班数学考试成绩平均分为85分,其中$\frac{2}{3}$的人得了80分以上(含80分),这些人的平均分为91分,则低于80分的人的平均分是______分。 diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00026.md b/markdowns/education_math_00026.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..86ca175cededb75509a8ce2e54df1264d87f249c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00026.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +4. 底面为正方形的长方体, 底面边长增加 10%, 高减少 10%, 那么体积增加了 ___ %。 + +5. 如图 2-2 所示为一块长方形铁皮, 利用图中的阴影部分刚好能做成一个底面直径是 2 分米的圆柱体容器(接口处忽略不计), 这块长方形铁皮的利用率约是 ___ %。 + + + +图 2-2 + +6. 已知甲校学生人数是乙校学生人数的 40%,甲校女生人数是甲校男生人数的 60%,乙校男生人数是乙校学生人数的 40%,那么两校男生人数占两校总人数的 ______。 + +## 三、解答题 + +1. 一本书共156页,小华第一天读了全书的25%,第二天又读了全书的$\frac{1}{6}$,还剩下多少页没有读? + +2. 将 2003 减去它的 $\frac{1}{2}$,再减去余下的 $\frac{1}{3}$,再减去余下的 $\frac{1}{4}$,以此类推,最后减去余下的 $\frac{1}{2003}$。剩下的数是多少? + +3. 王爷爷去年在自家小屋后面的山坡上种下 150 棵小树,过了一段时间发现树枯死了 10 棵,于是又补种 10 棵,结果全部成活,王爷爷去年植树的成活率是多少? + +4. 育华小学六年级有学生 320 人, 其中 70 人已达到国家体育锻炼标准, 要使六年级“达标率”达到 85%, 还应有多少人达标? + +5. 一天,乐乐老师从超市买了一包糖果,里面共有60块糖果,乐乐老师打算把这些糖分给大家,谁知同学们听到分糖果都高兴坏了,飞一般地冲到乐乐老师面前抢糖果,牛牛抢得最多,抢到糖果总数的$\frac{1}{3}$,阿普抢到了$\frac{1}{6}$,田田抢到了$\frac{1}{12}$,丁丁抢到了$\frac{1}{4}$,这时乐乐老师手中还剩多少块糖? + +6. 学校阅览室里有 36 名学生在看书,其中女生占 $\frac{4}{9}$,后来又有几名女生来看书,这时女 diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00027.md b/markdowns/education_math_00027.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d59f220b61fbc116478d125063f43c3fac5b3725 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00027.md @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +$11000 \div 10000 = 1.1(厘米)$,太短,排除选项 B、C;$11000 \div 200 = 55(厘米)$,太长,超过本子的长度,排除选项 A;D 选项,$11000 \div 2000 = 5.5(厘米)$,$6500 \div 2000 = 3.25(厘米)$,符合要求。 + +5.D[解析]设其缩小后的面积为$x$平方米,则$x:2250000=(1:12000)^2$,$x=0.015625$(平方米)$=156.25$(平方厘米),其面积相当于数学课本封面的面积。 + +【解题突破】此题考查了生活常识和比例尺的问题,先根据比例尺求出图上面积,再和题中所给选项进行比较。正确估计选项中不同物体的面积是解答本题的关键。 + +## 二、填空题 + +1.300【解析】根据比例尺=$\frac{图上距离}{实际距离}$,可以得出实际距离=$6000000\times5=30000000(厘米)=300(千米)$。 + +2.2.4【解析】$3 \times 8 = 24$(毫米)= 2.4(厘米)。 + +3. 1.65【解析】设杨老师的身高为 $x$ 米,则 $1.4:2.8 = x:3.3$,解得 $x = 1.65$。 + +【解题突破】解决此类问题只须保证对应单位统一即可,因此本题可不必将米转化为厘米。 + +4.35【解析】1050 千米 = 105000000 厘米,所以图上距离是 $105000000 \div 3000000 = 35$(厘米)。 + +5.12 8【解析】先换算单位:$120 米 = 12000 厘米$,$80 米 = 8000 厘米$,再根据比例尺计算,长是 $12000 \div 1000 = 12(厘米)$,宽是 $8000 \div 1000 = 8(厘米)$。 + +6.1:500 24【解析】比例尺为10厘米:50米=10厘米:5000厘米=1:500。长应该画$120\times100\div500=24$(厘米)。 + +7.800【解析】根据比例尺=图上距离:实际距离,可以得到实际面积=图上面积÷比例尺的平方。即实际面积$=8\div\left(\frac{1}{1000}\right)^{2}=8000000$(平方厘米)$=800(\text{平方米})$。 + +【易错分析】本题易错在直接使用比例尺,要注意比例尺指的是边的比,面积比是平方关系。 + +8.320【解析】设 A 城到 B 城山的距离为 x 厘米,则 $x \cdot \frac{1}{800000} - x \cdot \frac{1}{1000000} = 8$,解得 x = 32000000,即实际距离是 32000000 厘米 = 320 千米。 + +【解题突破】由于两幅地图的比例尺不同,则图上距离不同,又因为比例尺=图上距离÷实际距离,所以实际距离相等的情况下,比例尺越大则图上距离越大。 + +9.40【解析】$10\div\frac{1}{4000000}=40000000$(厘米)=400(千米)。$400\div4=100$(千米/时), +$100\div\left(1+\frac{2}{3}\right)=60$(千米/时),$60\times\frac{2}{3}=40$(千米/时)。 + +## 三、解答题 + +解:同一时间同一地点,身高与影子成正比,牛牛的身高与影子之比$=1.5:2.4=5:8$,所以树的高度与影子之比$=5:8$,树的高度$4\div8\times5=2.5$(米)。 + +答:这棵树有2.5米高。 + +## 单元四 按比例分配 + +## 一、选择题 + +1. A【解析】由已知得减数为$\frac{15}{5}\times3=9$,所以差为15-9=6,故差与减数之比为6:9=2:3。 + +2. C【解析】根据后来甲与乙的本数比是4:1,那么因为总数为$130+70=200$(本),$200\div(4+1)$算出后来每份的数量是40本,故乙给甲70-40=30(本)。 + +【解题突破】解决这个问题的关键是根据按比例分配,用总数除以总份数算出一份的数量,从而得到后来乙的本数,再算出乙需要给甲的本数。 + +3. B【解析】比的前项减去一个数,后项加上这个数后得到的比为1:1,说明前项和后项相差这个数的2倍。7:5的前项和后项相差2,正好是2的倍数。故答案是B。 + +4. A【解析】依据题意得(甲+乙):(乙+丙)=6:5, 令(甲+乙)是6份,(乙+丙)是5份, 则甲比丙多6-5=1(份), 又因为甲比丙多9元, 即1份是9元, 则甲+乙=9×6=54(元); 丙有78-54=24(元)。 + +【一题多解】本题也可以用方程解答,设丙有 $x$ 元,则甲有 $(x+9)$ 元,乙有 $[78-x-(x+9)]=(69-2x)$ 元。依据题意列方程 $\frac{(x+9)+(69-2x)}{x+(69-2x)}=\frac{6}{5}$, 解得 $x=24$。 + +5.A【解析】设实际500克的香蕉在商贩的秤上的重量为x克,则500:x=400:500,解得x=625,则商贩应再称625-500=125(克),才能给足500克香蕉。 + +【解题突破】根据实际重量与秤上的重量的比算出实际500克在秤上的重量是解题关键。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00028.md b/markdowns/education_math_00028.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..81bf56bb8add81a3faa1d12d838401164530810e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00028.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +## Series 43 & 504 + +## Plate Heatsink + + + +Notes: + +1. Current ratings shown are for natural convection cooling resistive or inductive loads for single phase circuits and all loads for three phase circuits + +2. Use 2.0 times the listed current ratings for forced convect-tion cooling at 1000LFM + +3. For single phase battery, capacitive, or motor loads: the output current shown below should be derated to 80% of the values shown. + +4. Assemblies with heat sink sizes other than those shown below are available on request for special applications. + +## Series 43 + + +
CircuitSizeDim.InchesMillimeters
Min.Max.Min.Max.
1ø Bridge5x5K9.259.75234.9247.6
3ø Bridge7x7K9.7510.25247.6260.3
3ø Bridge5x5K13.013.5330.2342.9
3ø Bridge7x7K13.013.5330.2342.9
Same for both circuits5x5M0.360.389.149.65
P2.492.5163.263.7
E4.995.01126.7127.2
R5.996.01152.1152.6
H0.981.0025.125.6
S0.56×0.28 Norm.14x7.1 Nom.
Same for both circuits7x7M0.360.389.149.65
P3.743.7694.995.5
E6.997.01177.5178.0
R7.998.01202.9203.4
H0.981.0025.125.6
S0.31x0.18 Nom.7.9x4.7 Nom.
+ +## Series 504 + + +
CircuitSizeDim.InchesMillimeters
Min.Max.Min.Max.
1ø Bridge5x5K10.511.0266.7279.4
3ø Bridge7x7K10.511.0266.7279.4
3ø Bridge5x5K15.015.5381.0393.7
3ø Bridge7x7K15.015.5381.0393.7
Same for both circuits5x5M0.360.389.149.65
P2.492.5163.263.7
E4.995.01126.7127.2
R5.996.01152.1152.6
H0.981.0024.825.4
S0.56x0.28 Nom.14x7.1 Nom.
Same for both circuits7x7M0.360.389.149.65
P3.743.7694.995.5
E6.997.01177.5178.0
R7.998.01202.9203.4
H0.981.0024.825.4
S0.56x0.28 Nom.14x7.1 Nom.
+ +Ratings — Average Circuit Output Current — Amperes + + +
DIODE SERIESHEAT SINK SIZE (inches)IFSM AMPSAMBIENT TEMP °C1-PHASE
1/2 WAVE
1-PHASE CTR. TAP1-PHASE BRIDGE3-PHASE 1/2 WAVE3-PHASE BRIDGE3-PHASE CTR. TAP3-PHASE DEL—WYE
435x5x1/825004042.084.084.0126.0126.0205.4252.0
435x5x1/825007032.064.064.096.096.0156.5192.0
435x5x1/8250010024.048.048.072.072.0117.4144.0
437x7x1/825004052.0104.0104.0156.0156.0254.3312.0
437x7x1/825007040.080.080.0120.0120.0195.6240.0
437x7x1/8250010028.056.056.054.054.0137.0165.0
+ +Ratings — Average Circuit Output Current — Amperes + + +
DIODE SERIESHEAT SINK SIZE (inches)IFSM AMPSAMBIENT TEMP °C1-PHASE
1/2 WAVE
1-PHASE CTR. TAP1-PHASE BRIDGE3-PHASE 1/2 WAVE3-PHASE BRIDGE3-PHASE CTR. TAP3-PHASE DEL—WYE
435x5x1/855004062.0124.0124.0188.0186.0303.0372.0
435x5x1/855007047.094.094.0141.0141.0230.0282.0
435x5x1/8550010033.066.066.099.099.0161.0198.0
437x7x1/855004051.0162.0162.0243.0243.0396.0456.0
437x7x1/855007063.0125.0126.0189.0189.0308.0378.0
437x7x1/8550010045.090.090.0135.0135.0220.0270.0
+ diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00029.md b/markdowns/education_math_00029.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..904969eefa2cc8e1455860b2a4d7b0ee896d2354 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00029.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +29.(本小题8分)已知$a=(3,2)$,$b=(-1,2)$,$c=(4,1)$. + +(1) 求 $3a + b - 2c$; + +(2)求满足 $\mathbf{a}=m\mathbf{b}+n\mathbf{c}$ 的实数 $m$、$n$; + +(3)若$(\mathbf{a}+k\mathbf{c})//(2\mathbf{b}-\mathbf{a})$,求实数$k$. + +30.(本小题 10 分)已知平行四边形 $ABCD$ 中,$A(1,2)$,$B(2,5)$,对角线交点 $M(3,0)$,求点 $C$ 和点 $D$ 的坐标. + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00030.md b/markdowns/education_math_00030.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..980d87ba142f684e264e09b166afbccf1a210584 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00030.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +11. D __解析__:$|a+b+c|=|2c|=2|c|=2\sqrt{2}$。应选 D. + +12. C 解析:$\because \angle A=90^{\circ}, \therefore \overrightarrow{AB} \cdot \overrightarrow{AC}=0, \therefore (m,1) \cdot (2,-4)=0, \therefore m=2.$ + +13. B __解析__: 由$(3m-4n)\mathbf{e}_{1}+(2m-3n)\mathbf{e}_{2}=6\mathbf{e}_{1}+3\mathbf{e}_{2}$可得$\begin{cases}3m-4n=6 & ①, \\ 2m-3n=3 & ②,\end{cases}$ + +由①—②得 m-n=3 ,故选 B. + +14. A 解析: 由向量垂直得出 $m=4$, 故 $2a+b=(-6,8)$. + +15. A 解析:$\because \overrightarrow{BD}=\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{CD}=2a+4b=2\overrightarrow{AB}$,且有一个公共点B,$\therefore A, B, D$三点共线。故选A. + +16. B 解析: 如右图所示, 设 AD 与 BE 相交于 O, 则 $\overrightarrow{AO} = \frac{2}{3} \overrightarrow{AD}$, $\overrightarrow{OD} = \frac{1}{3} \overrightarrow{AD}$, + + + +$\overrightarrow{BO}=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BE},\overrightarrow{OE}=\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BE}.$ + +$\therefore \overrightarrow{BC}=2\overrightarrow{BD}=2(\overrightarrow{BO}+\overrightarrow{OD})$ + +$=2\left(\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BE}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AD}\right)=\frac{4}{3}b+\frac{2}{3}a$,故选B. + +17. C __解析__:设 $\boldsymbol{b}=(x,y)$, 因为 $\boldsymbol{a}=(3,-4), \boldsymbol{a}//\boldsymbol{b}$. 所以 $3y=-4x, |\boldsymbol{b}|=10$. 所以 $x^2+y^2=100$. + +解得 $b=(-6,8)$ 或 $(6,-8)$. + +18. A __解析__:$\left|a-b\right|^{2}=\left|a\right|^{2}-2\left|a\right|\cdot\left|b\right|+\left|b\right|^{2}=9+4-12=1$ + +19. D + +20. C 解析: $ma + nb = m(2,3) + n(-1,2)$ +$=(2m-n,3m+2n)$, + +$a-2b=(2,3)-2(-1,2)=(4,-1),$ + +又 $m\boldsymbol{a} + n\boldsymbol{b}$ 与 $\boldsymbol{a} - 2\boldsymbol{b}$ 平行, + +$\therefore(2m-n)(-1)-(3m+2n)\times4=0,$ + +即 $14m+7n=0,\therefore\frac{m}{n}=-\frac{1}{2}.$ + +故选 C. + +21. 平行 解析: $a + b = (2, -4)$, $a - b = (-8, 16)$, $\because 2 \times 16 - (-4) \times (-8) = 0$, 由此可得 $a + b$ 与 a - b 平行. + +22.2 __解析__:$\because \mathbf{a}//\mathbf{b}, \therefore n^2 - 4 = 0, \therefore n = 2$ 或 $n = -2$, 又 $\because \mathbf{a}$ 与 $\mathbf{b}$ 方向相同,$\therefore n = 2$. + +23.0 解析:$\because a=(3,1),c=(k,2)$, + +$\therefore a-c=(3-k,-1).$ + +又 $b=(1,3)$,且 $(a-c)\perp b$, + +$\therefore(a-c)\cdot b=0,$ + +即 $1 \times (3 - k) + (-1) \times 3 = 0$. + +$\therefore k=0$, 故应填 $0$. + +24.$-\frac{3}{2}$ 解析:$\langle\overrightarrow{AB},\overrightarrow{CA}\rangle=120^{\circ},\overrightarrow{AB}\cdot\overrightarrow{CA}=|\overrightarrow{AB}|\cdot|\overrightarrow{CA}|\cdot\cos120^{\circ}=-\frac{3}{2}.$ + +25. $2\sqrt{2}$ 解析:由 $\overrightarrow{OD} = \frac{1}{2} (\overrightarrow{OA} + \overrightarrow{OB} - \overrightarrow{CB}) = \frac{1}{2} (\overrightarrow{OA} + \overrightarrow{OC})$ 知点 D 为线段 AC 的中点,则 $D(2,2)$,所以 $\overrightarrow{BD} = (-2,2)$,于是 $|\overrightarrow{BD}| = \sqrt{(-2)^2 + (2)^2} = 2\sqrt{2}$. + +26. 解: (1) $a \cdot b = 1 \times \sqrt{2} \cos 45^{\circ} = 1$. + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00031.md b/markdowns/education_math_00031.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c0cd0157e0efbb186464b324beb4486748cf0fd7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00031.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +$\because |a+b|^{2}=|a|^{2}+2a\cdot b+|b|^{2}=1^{2}+2\times1+(\sqrt{2})^{2}=5,$ + +$\therefore |a+b|=\sqrt{5}.$ + +(2)$\because(a-b)\perp a,\therefore(a-b)\cdot a=|a|^{2}-b\cdot a=0$, 即 $1-1\times\sqrt{2}\cos\langle a,b\rangle=0$ + +解得 $\cos\langle\boldsymbol{a},\boldsymbol{b}\rangle=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}.$ + +又$\because0\leqslant\langle a,b\rangle\leqslant\pi,\therefore\langle a,b\rangle=\frac{\pi}{4}.$ + +27. 解:$\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{MB}-\overrightarrow{MA}=(4,5)-(k,12)=(4-k,-7)$,$\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{MC}-\overrightarrow{MB}=(-k,10)-(4,5)=(-k-4,5)$,又 A, B, C 三点共线,所以 $\overrightarrow{AB} \parallel \overrightarrow{BC}$,即 $5(4-k)=-7(-k-4)$。所以 $k=-\frac{2}{3}$. + +28. 解:因为 $ ma - b = (m, m + 2) $,$ a - b = (1, 3) $, + +所以$(ma-b)\cdot(a-b)=0$,即$m+3m+6=0$。所以$m=-\frac{3}{2}$. + +29. 解: (1) $3a + b - 2c = (0, 6)$. + +(2)$\because \boldsymbol{a}=m\boldsymbol{b}+n\boldsymbol{c},\therefore(3,2)=m(-1,2)+n(4,1)=(-m+4n,2m+n).$ + +$\therefore\left\{\begin{aligned}-m+4n&=3,\\ 2m+n&=2,\end{aligned}\right.$ +$\therefore\left\{\begin{aligned}m&=\frac{5}{9},\\ n&=\frac{8}{9}.\end{aligned}\right.$ + +(3)由 $a + kc = (3 + 4k, 2 + k)$, $2b - a = (-5, 2)$, $(a + kc) // (2b - a)$, 得 $2 \times (3 + 4k) - (-5) \times (2 + k) = 0$, $\therefore k = -\frac{16}{13}$. + +30.__解__: 设 $C(x_{C}, y_{C}), D(x_{D}, y_{D})$. + +在平行四边形 ABCD 中,M 是对角线 BD 和 AC 的中点,由中点公式得 $3=\frac{(1+x_{C})}{2}$ + +$0=\frac{(2+y_{c})}{2},3=\frac{(2+x_{D})}{2},0=\frac{(5+y_{D})}{2},$ + +解得 $x_c=5,y_c=-2,x_D=4,y_D=-5$, + +所以 $C(5,-2)$, $D(4,-5)$. + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00032.md b/markdowns/education_math_00032.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..77996a9948e8985d9cfb1c03c8efaf2c6612ff67 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00032.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +(5)$\frac{2}{3}-\frac{1}{2}=$ + +(6)$\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{3}=$ + +$(7) 8 \div \frac{1}{4} =$ + +(8)$\frac{7}{9}\times\frac{3}{7}$ + +24. 下面各题,怎样简便怎样算。 + +$8.5+1.7-2.5+3.3$ + +$\frac{5}{12}\div\frac{3}{2}+\frac{7}{12}\times\frac{2}{3}$ + +$4\times\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}\right)\times5$ + +$\frac{9}{10} \div \left[ \frac{1}{2} \times \left( \frac{6}{5} - \frac{1}{3} \right) \right]$ + +25. 解方程 + +$3x - 6.8 = 20.2$ + +$3~(x-2.1)=8.4$ + +$1.4x+2.6x=12$ + +## 五.操作题(共1小题,满分3分,每小题3分) + +26. 按 2:1 画出长方形放大后的图形。 + + + +## 六.应用题(共5小题,满分20分) + +27. 买一台电脑,分期付款购买要加价6%,如果现金购买可按原价的98%成交。李老师算了算,发现分期付款比现金购买要多付600元,这台电脑原价是多少元? + +28. 李老师获得一笔劳务费,按规定:超出800元的部分要按20%的税率缴纳个人所得税。李老师缴税120元,他实际收入是多少元? + +29. 王叔叔和李叔叔两人骑自行车从相距 22.4 千米的两地同时出发,相向而行。王叔叔骑车的速度是 13 千米/时,李叔叔骑车的速度是 15 千米/时,他们出发后几时相遇? + +30. 如图,一个圆锥形谷堆,把这些谷子全部放到一个1.5米高的圆柱形粮囤里,正好装满。这个圆柱形粮囤的占地面积约是多少? + + + + + +31. 妈妈买回一块蛋糕,姐姐先吃了这块蛋糕的$\frac{1}{5}$,妹妹又吃了剩下蛋糕的$\frac{1}{4}$,谁吃的蛋糕 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00033.md b/markdowns/education_math_00033.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c0b5b375f88d4e53b2ee2471eeae2d4353dc5f20 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00033.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +根据分数与除法的关系$\frac{1}{4}$=1÷4,再根据商不变的性质被除数、除数都乘7就是7÷28;根据比与分数的关系$\frac{1}{4}$=1:4,再根据比的基本性质比的前、后项都乘4就是4:16;把25%的小数点向左移动两位同时去掉百分号就是0.25. + +【解答】解:$7\div28=\frac{2}{8}=25\%=4:$ 16=0.25. + +故答案为:28,2,16,0.25。 + +【点评】此题主要是考查除法、小数、分数、百分数,比之间的关系及转化.利用它们之间的关系和性质进行转化即可. + +4. 【分析】(1)求每份是这根铁丝的几分之几,表示把8米长的铁丝看作单位“1”,把单位“1”平均分成6份,求的是每一份占的分率,用除法计算: + +(2)求4份长的米数,先求得一份的长度再乘4即可 + +【解答】解:$1\div6=\frac{1}{6}$ + +$8\div6\times4=\frac{16}{3}$(米) + +【点评】解决此题关键是弄清求得是具体的数量还是分率,求具体的数量平均分的是具体的数量;求分率平均分的是单位“1”,都用除法计算. + +5.【分析】妈妈年龄=苗苗的年龄+25岁,当苗苗x岁时,妈妈的年龄$y=x+25$岁;当妈妈55岁退休时,苗苗的年龄=55-25=30(岁);据此解答. + +【解答】解:当苗苗 x 岁时,妈妈的年龄 $y=x+25$ 岁: + +当妈妈55岁退休时,苗苗的年龄=55-25=30(岁): + +故答案为:$x+25:30$. + +【点评】考查了用字母表示数,本题关键是得到妈妈与苗苗年龄之间的关系,在两人年龄之间的关系中年龄差是定值。 + +6. 【分析】先用 “50 - 2” 求出出勤的人数,进而根据 “出勤率=$\frac{出勤人数}{全班总人数}$$\times100\%$” 进行解答即可。 + +【解答】解:$\frac{50-2}{50}\times100\%=96\%$ + +答:六(3)班这天的出勤率是96%。 + +故答案为:96%。 + +【点评】此题属于百分率问题,解答时都是用一部分数量(或全部数量)除以全部数量 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00034.md b/markdowns/education_math_00034.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ee35fac09a92541f12ef6b2270e9dd39da3b3438 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00034.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +(2) $307200 \times 1.5 \% = 4608$ (元) + +答:契税是4608元。 + +【点睛】解答本题的关键是要明确“现价、原价和折扣”之间的关系,求出实际的房价;再根据百分数乘法的意义,求出应缴纳的契税。 + +30. 在比例尺是 1:5000000 的地图上,量得甲乙两城市之间的距离是 4.5cm,如果一辆汽车的速度是 90 千米/时,那么从甲城到乙城用几小时? + +【答案】2.5小时 + +【解析】 + +【分析】试题分析:依据“图上距离÷比例尺=实际距离”代入数据即可求出甲城到乙城的距离,列式为:$4.5\div\frac{1}{5000000}=22500000$(厘米)=225千米;然后根据“路程÷速度=时间”,求甲城到乙城用的时间:$225\div90=2.5$(小时)。 + +【详解】$4.5\div\frac{1}{5000000}=22500000$(厘米)=225(千米); + +225÷90=2.5(小时)。 + +答:从甲城到乙城用2.5小时。 + +【点睛】本题关键根据图上距离和比例尺已知,找准对应量,再依据“图上距离÷比例尺=实际距离”求出甲城到乙城的距离。 + +31. 阳光小学计划购买40个足球,甲、乙两商店足球原价都是120元,现两商店有如下优惠: + +甲商店:一次购买20个(含20个)以上打七八折。 + +乙商店:买十送三即每买10个送3个,不满10个的仍按原价计算。 + +如果让你去采购,你想去哪个商店购买?请你用计算说明理由。 + +【答案】乙商店,理由见详解 + +【解析】 + +【分析】根据题意,在甲商店购买:一次购买20个以上(含20个)打七八折。40>20,故按总价的七八折计算: + +在乙商店购买:因为是买十送三即每买10个送3个,不满10个的仍按原价计算,所以当付出10个的价钱时,实际上得到了$10+3=13$(个)足球;以此类推,付出30个的价钱时,就得到了$30+3\times3=39$ + +(个)足球,此时再买一个,就凑够40个了,即一共花了$30+1=31$(个)足球的钱,$31\times120=3720$(元),再与甲商店的花费相比较即可。 + +【详解】在甲商店购买: + +$40\times120\times78\%$ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00035.md b/markdowns/education_math_00035.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1eabe498555c8e26d4d64fb85762cb9e98188fcc --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00035.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +$=30$ + +$\begin{aligned}&(3)\left(\frac{7}{12}+\frac{3}{8}-\frac{23}{24}\right)\times24\\&=\frac{7}{12}\times24+\frac{3}{8}\times24-\frac{23}{24}\times24\\&=14+9-23\\&=23-23\\&=0\end{aligned}$ + +(4) $\frac{1}{5} \div \frac{6}{25} - \frac{2}{7} \times \frac{7}{32}$\ +$ = \frac{5}{6} - \frac{1}{16} $\ +$ = \frac{37}{48} $ + +$\begin{aligned}&(5)\ 4.6\times\frac{5}{12}+7.4\div\frac{12}{5}\\&=4.6\times\frac{5}{12}+7.4\times\frac{5}{12}\\&=\frac{5}{12}\times(4.6+7.4)\\&=\frac{5}{12}\times12\\&=5\end{aligned}$ + +$\begin{aligned}&(6)\left(\frac{4}{5}+\frac{1}{4}\right)\div\frac{7}{3}+\frac{3}{10}\\&=\frac{21}{20}\div\frac{7}{3}+\frac{3}{10}\\&=\frac{9}{20}+\frac{6}{20}\\&=\frac{3}{4}\end{aligned}$ + +## 四、解答题。 + +23. 按要求在下面的方格中画一画,并完成填空。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00036.md b/markdowns/education_math_00036.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6bb078ea448d20892a265a552bde75bc8763a3fd --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00036.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ + + + +A. $\pi n^3$ +B. $\pi n^2$ +C. $2\pi n^2$ + +11.(2分)聪聪把$50\times(\Box+3)$算成了$50\times\Box+3$,这样得到的结果与正确结果相比() + +A. 少算了 47 +B. 少算了 $49 \times 3$ +C. 少算了 $50 \times 3$ + +12.(2 分)王大爷家的院子里原有一个用栅栏围成的长 5 米、宽 3 米的长方形羊圈,因发展需要,现在要用原来的栅栏围成一面靠墙且占地面积最大的羊圈,应选用()方案 + +A. +B. +C. + +13.(2分)“龟兔赛跑”讲述了这样的故事:领先的兔子骄傲起来,睡了一觉。当它醒来时,发现乌龟快到终点了,于是急忙追赶,但是为时已晚,乌龟还是先到了终点……下列的折线图中与故事情节相吻合的是() + +A. +B. +C. + +14.(2 分)某市出租车的计费标准如图(不足 1km 按 1km 计算) + + + +一天,张叔叔乘坐出租车去上班,支付了25元,行驶的里程数可能是()km \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00037.md b/markdowns/education_math_00037.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b4fadf90776ae6a9dff7858c58b6eaf9b2059950 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00037.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + + +22. 按要求画一画。每个小正方形面积${^1}$是 $1cm^2$。 + + + +(1)图中平行四边形的面积是(  )cm²。 + +(2)画出平行四边形关于直线对称的图形,并找出 $O$ 的对称点 $O'$,用数对表示是()。 + +(3)画出平行四边形1:2缩小后的图形。 + +(4)画出平行四边形先向下平移2个单位,再向右平移6个单位后¹图形。 + +## 五、解决问题。(29分) + +23. 酸梅汤是老北京人传统的消暑饮料,经常饮用能祛病除疾,保健强身,是炎热夏季不可多得的保健饮品。夏天喝酸梅汤的习惯历史悠久,也是我国最古老的传统饮品之一。雨晴用 180 毫升的酸梅原汁加水调制了 500 毫升酸梅汤。妈妈说:“当酸梅原汁和水的比是 3:7 时,口感最佳。”为了使调制的酸梅汤口感最佳,雨晴应该再往酸梅汤中加水多少毫升?(专家特别提醒,儿童最好少吃酸梅汤类的食品,因为儿童胃黏膜结构比较薄弱,抵抗不了酸性物质的持续侵蚀。如果长时间服用,容易引发胃和十二指肠溃疡。) +24. 601 班的教室地面暑假期间打算重新铺方瓷砖,需用面积是 16 平方分米的方砖 300 块。如果改用面积是 12 平方分米的方砖来铺地,需要多少块?(用比例解) + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00038.md b/markdowns/education_math_00038.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6ebba254a67ee5441ae8828276d950968c402a46 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00038.md @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +【详解】6.1 和 6.2 两班要进行 5 局乒乓球比赛,前 4 局的比赛结果如统计表所示,预测第 5 局的比赛结果(上面统计表),上面说法中正确的是 6.2 班有可能胜。 + +故答案为:D + +【点睛】此题主要考查了随机事件发生的可能性的大小,以及随机事件发生的独立性,要熟练掌握,解答此题的关键是要明确:哪个班获胜的可能性大,并不代表这个班一定能获胜。 + +## 二、填空(20分) + +6. 一个数由 9 个亿、6 个千万、2 个十万、8 个千组成,这个数写作 ___,改写成用万作单位的数是 ___,省略亿位后面的尾数约是 ___。 + +【答案】①.960208000 ②.96020.8万 ③.10亿 + +【解析】 + +【分析】根据整数的写法,从高位到低位,一级一级地写,哪一个数位上一个单位也没有,就在那个数位上写0,即可写出此数;改写成用“万”作单位的数,就是在万位数的右下角点上小数点,然后把小数末尾的0去掉,再在数的后面写上“万”字;省略“亿”后面的尾数就是四舍五入到亿位,就是把亿位后的千万位上的数进行四舍五入,再在数的后面写上“亿”字。 + +【详解】一个数由9个亿、6个千万、2个十万、8个千组成,这个数写作:960208000: + +960208000=96020.8万 + +960208000≈10亿。 + +【点睛】本题主要考查整数的写法、改写和求近似数,注意改写和求近似数时要带计数单位。 + +7. 已知 $M=2\times3\times7$,$N=2\times5\times7$,则 M 和 N 的最小公倍数是_______。 + +【答案】210 + +【解析】 + +【分析】两个数的最大公因数也就是这两个数的公有质因数的连乘积,最小公倍数是这两个数的公有质因数与独有质因数的连乘积,据此解答。 + +【详解】已知 $M=2\times3\times7$,$N=2\times5\times7$, + +M、N 两数的最小公倍数是 $2 \times 3 \times 5 \times 7 = 210$。 + +【点睛】根据求最小公倍数的方法进行解答。 + +8. ___: $5=0.6=\frac{(\quad)}{20}=$ ___%=___折。 + +【答案】3: 12: 60: 六 + +【解析】 + +【分析】把 0.6 化成分数并化简是 $\frac{3}{5}$,根据比与分数的关系,$\frac{3}{5}=3:5$;根据分数的基本性质,$\frac{3}{5}$ 的分 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00039.md b/markdowns/education_math_00039.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9b969bd1652e8d11b9a7fc26f45dd9dae32d19d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00039.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +答:跑到10km时的人数比参加跑步的总人数少40%。 + +(4)跑的米数越多,人数越少。建议大家平时多跑步,多锻炼,增强体质。(答案不唯一) +故答案为:20;8;10;40。 + +## 八、巧运用,轻松解决了!(23分) + +27. 【分析】把六年级人数看作单位“1”,已知六年级人数的12%是参加合唱团的人数,用参加合唱团的人数÷对应的百分率,即可求出六年级的人数。再把全校人数看作单位“1”,已知六年级人数占全校人数的$\frac{1}{6}$,用六年级的人数÷占全校人数的分率,即可求出全校学生人数。 + +【解答】解:$48\div12\%\div\frac{1}{6}$\ +$=400\times6$\ +$=2400$(人) + +答:全校有学生2400人。 + +28. 【分析】先把采摘的三种蔬菜的总质量看作单位 “1”,根据分数乘法的意义,用总质量乘$\frac{1}{3}$就是采摘的黄瓜质量。再把采摘的黄瓜质量看作单位 “1”,则西红柿的质量是黄瓜质量的$\frac{4}{5}$,用黄瓜的质量乘$\frac{4}{5}$就是采摘的西红柿的质量。用采摘的总质量减黄瓜、西红柿的质量就是茄子的质量。 + +【解答】解:$180 \times \frac{1}{3} = 60$(kg) +$60 \times \frac{4}{5} = 48$(kg) + +$180 - 60 - 48 = 72 \, (kg)$ + +答:采摘的茄子的质量是72千克。 + +29. 【分析】根据题意可知路程不变,速度和时间成反比例,设返回时用了x小时,根据路程不变列出比例并解比例即可。 + +【解答】解:设返回时用了$x$小时。 + +$55\times(1+20\%)x=55\times3$ + +$(1+20\%)x=3$ + +$1.2x=3$ + +$x=2.5$ + +答:返回时用了2.5小时。 + +30.【分析】(1)这个漏斗能装多少千克稻谷,可先计算出这个漏斗的容积,漏斗的容积等于底面直径4分米高2分米的圆柱的容积和高3分米的圆锥的容积之和,然后再用漏斗的容积乘0.65即可,据此利用圆柱与圆锥的体积公式计算即可解答: + +(2)用一漏斗稻谷的重量乘出米率进行计算即可得到答案。 + +【解答】解:(1)$4\div2=2$(分米) + +$3.14 \times 2^2 \times 2 + 3.14 \times 2^2 \times 3 \times \frac{1}{3} \\ += 25.12 + 12.56$ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00040.md b/markdowns/education_math_00040.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a65a82df9aa527912ad2213006a860aed6595131 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00040.md @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +## 四、计算题。(共29分) + +22. 直接写得数。(5分) + +$1.25+\frac{3}{4}=$ + +$\frac{5}{2}-0.75=$ + +$6.5-\frac{1}{2}=$ + +$2.8\times\frac{1}{4}=$ + +$\frac{3}{4} \times \frac{1}{6} =$ + +$\frac{1}{13}\times13=$ + +$6.28 \div 3.14 =$ + +$\frac{5}{6}\div\frac{5}{12}=$ + +$1-25\%=$ + +$\frac{5}{7} \times \frac{4}{5} \times 0 =$ + +23. 解方程或比例。(6分) + +$(1-\frac{5}{9})x=\frac{8}{15}$ + +$1.6:x=2.5:5$ + +$\frac{3}{7}:x=2.4:0.2$ + +24. 怎样简便怎样计算。(18分) + +$38.39 - \left( \frac{31}{5} + 8.39 \right)$ + +$11.2 - \left( \frac{9}{5} + 9.6 \div 4 \right)$ + +$37\times\frac{3}{5}+63\div\frac{5}{3}$ + +$3.14\%\times101-3.14\%$ + +$(\frac{1}{6}+\frac{3}{4}-\frac{5}{8})\times48$ + +$\frac{9}{20} \div \left[ \frac{3}{2} \times \left( \frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4} \right) \right]$ + +## 五、操作题。(共10分) + +25. 画一个直径为 $2 \, cm$ 的圆,并计算出它的面积。(2分) + +26. 在李明家西偏南 $30^{\circ}$ 方向 $45 \, m$ 处有一颗小树。请在图上画出小树的位置,用字母 O 表示。(2分) + + + +27. 按要求在方格纸上画图。(每个小正方形表示 $1 \, \text{cm}^2$) + +(1)画一个面积与长方形面积相等的等腰三角形。(2分) + +(2)把平行四边形绕点A逆时针旋转90°,画出旋转后的图形。(2分) + +(3) 把三角形按 1:2 的比缩小,画出缩小后的图形。(2分) + + + +## 六、解决问题。(共35分) + +28. 明明把12000元存入银行,存期五年,年利率为2.75%。到期时一共能取回多少元?(4分) diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00041.md b/markdowns/education_math_00041.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..68c852cac73bc60b98f0f1e1c7229f74692dc0c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00041.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +29. 2021年5月21日晚,云南大理州漾濞县连续发生20多次地震,其中多次震级超4.0级,最大一次震级为6.4级。灾情发生后,需要运送一批紧急救灾物资,一辆汽车原计划每小时行75 km,6小时能到达。现在情况有所变化,需要5小时到达,每小时要行多少千米?(用比例解)(5分) + +30. 在比例尺为 1:30000000 的地图上,量得京沪高铁的长度大约是 4.4 cm。一列高铁以每小时 350 km 的速度从北京开往上海,大约几小时能到达?(得数保留一位小数)(5 分) + +31.马上就要毕业了,为感念师恩,六(2)班的乐乐自己动手做了一个圆柱形笔筒送给了数学刘老师,笔筒的底面直径是8 cm,高是15 cm。要在笔筒的底面和四周贴上彩纸,他至少需要准备多少平方厘米的彩纸?(彩纸损耗忽略不计)(5分) + +32. 如图是人民小学参加“快乐三点半”各课程的人数统计图。 + + + +(1)从图中可看出,上足球课的同学占所有同学的()%。(1分) + +(2)人民小学共有学生900人,上书法课的有( )人,上其他课程的有( )人。(2分) + +(3)根据统计图提供的信息,能否确认上哪种课程的人数最多?上哪种课程的人数最少?为什么?(2分) + +33. 4月23日是世界读书日。聪聪读一本名著,第一天读了这本书的$\frac{1}{12}$,第二天读了这本书的$\frac{1}{15}$,第二天比第一天少读了8页,这本名著一共有多少页?(5分) + +34. 第三届校园足球联赛即将在常青小学开赛。何老师要买60个比赛用球。有三家体育用品店的足球符合比赛用球的要求,单价都是85元,但是优惠的方式不一样,何老师在哪家店购买最合算?(6分) + +甲店 每买5个送1个 + +乙店 全场八折 + +丙店 购物每满120减20元 + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00042.md b/markdowns/education_math_00042.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9e6fad70f597c82f190ad8e64c0de46492d9f2d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00042.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ + +() + +A. 和是2的倍数甲胜,否则乙胜 +B. 积是2的倍数甲胜,否则乙胜 +C. 和是5的倍数甲胜;否则乙胜 +D. 积是3的倍数甲胜,否则乙胜 + +12.(3 分)猴妈妈上山采桃,晴天每天能采 36 个,雨天每天只能采 24 个,它一连采了 9 天,共采了 288 个桃子,这些天中有()天是晴天 + +A. 3 B. 6 C. 4 D. 5 + +13.(3 分)李海和林川两人进行百米赛跑,李海让林川先跑。图像 a、b 分别表示两人的路程和时间的关系。下列结论正确的是() + + + +A. 图像 a 表示李海 +B. 林川的速度是 6 米/秒 +C. 李海的速度是 5 米/秒 +D. 两人将会同时到达终点 + +14.(3分)如图是一个正方体展开图,与a相对的是面是() + + + +A. c B. b C. d D. f + +15.(3 分)用同样长的小棒摆正方形(每条边用一根小棒),照这样摆,摆 n 个正方形需要()根小棒。 + + + +A. 4n B. 3n C. $4n+$ D. $3n+1$ + +## 二、填空题。(第6题3分,其余每空1分,共16分) diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00043.md b/markdowns/education_math_00043.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7cc180cfb461108d48eda131e4f7e91873491d16 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00043.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +## 2022 年贵州省铜仁市小升初数学试卷 + +## 一、正确选择。(每小题1分,共8分) + +1. 在一次考试中,小明的分数比全班平均分高出 5 分,记作 $(+5)$ 分,小红的分数记作 $(-3)$ 分,小明比小红多()。 + +A. -8 分 B. 8 分 C. 5 分 D. -3 分 + +2. 如图 4 个杯子叠起来高 20 厘米,6 个杯子叠起来高 26 厘米。n 个杯子叠起来可以用关系式()表示。 + + + +A. 6n−10 B. 6n−4 C. $3n+11$ D. $3n+8$ + +3. 在一卷公元前 1600 年左右遗留下来的埃及草卷中,记载着一些数学问题,其中一个问题翻译过来是:“啊哈,它的全部,它的 $\frac{1}{7}$,其和等于 19”。如果把“它”看作 x,下列符合题意的方程是()。 + +A. $\frac{1}{7}x=19$ B. $1+\frac{1}{7}x=19$ C. $x+\frac{1}{7}x=19$ D. $x-\frac{1}{7}x=19$ + +4. 下图不能用 “$\frac{3}{5}$ 的 $\frac{1}{3}$” 来表示的是()。 + +① + + + +② + + + +③ + + +④ + + +A. ①② B. ②④ C. ④ D. ②③ + +5. 用棱长 1 厘米的正方体木块,摆成底面积是 12 平方厘米,高 2 厘米的长方体,可以摆成()种不同的形状. + +A. 1 +B. 2 +C. 3 +D. 4 + +6. 把一个高 6 分米,底面半径 2 分米的圆柱切成若干等份,拼成一个近似的长方体(如图)。这时表面积 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00044.md b/markdowns/education_math_00044.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8eb53144ce52a2f888125606b342191ec9d594dd --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00044.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ + +A. $4\pi$ B. $8\pi$ C. $\frac{1}{4}\pi$ D. $\frac{1}{8}\pi$ + +30. 警察抓住了 4 个偷东西的嫌疑人,其中的一个人是主谋。审问谁是主谋时,甲说:我不是主谋。乙说:丁是主谋。丙说:我不是主谋。丁说:甲是主谋。已知他们 4 人中只有一个人说了真话。主谋是谁() + +A. 甲 B. 乙 C. 丙 D. 丁 + +## 四、实践操作。 + +31.求阴影部分的周长和面积。 + + + +32. (1)画出图形①关于直线$n$的轴对称图形②。 + +(2) 画出图形①向右平移 10 格后的图形③。 + +(3)画出图形①以 $O$ 为中心按顺时针方向旋转 $90^\circ$ 后的图形④,点 $O$ 的位置用数对表示为 ______。 + +(4)画出图形①按2:1放大后的图形⑤。 + + + +33. 直接写出得数。 + +$4.5\times\frac{3}{5}$ + +$\frac{5}{6} \div 3 =$ + +$\frac{5}{44}\times33=$ + +$0.51{\div}1.7=$ + +$\frac{2}{7} + \frac{5}{7} \times \frac{1}{5}$ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00045.md b/markdowns/education_math_00045.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..24f069b83e8b9260ca300ba275a507cb7aaac25c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00045.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +$\begin{aligned}&(2)65.38 - (17.5 + 15.38)\\ +& = 65.38 - 15.38 - 17.5 \\ +& = 50 - 17.5 \\ +& = 32.5 \end{aligned}$ + +$\begin{aligned} &(3) 72 \div [28 \times (1 - \frac{20.20}{27.27}47)] \\ & = 72 \div [28 \times \frac{3}{7}] \\ & = 72 \div 12 \\ & = 6 \end{aligned}$ + +$\begin{aligned}&(4)\frac{11}{15}\div7-\frac{1}{7}\times\frac{4}{15}\\&=\frac{1}{7}\times\left(\frac{11}{15}-\frac{4}{15}\right)\\&=\frac{1}{7}\times\frac{7}{15}\\&=\frac{1}{15}\end{aligned}$ + +(5) $71 - \frac{4}{15} \div \frac{4}{9} - \frac{2}{5}$\ +$= 71 - \frac{3}{5} - \frac{2}{5}$\ +$= 71 - (\frac{3}{5} + \frac{2}{5})$\ +$= 17 - 1$\ +$= 16$ + +$\begin{aligned} &(6)\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}\right)\div(0.375\times3)\\ & =\frac{5}{6}\div\frac{9}{8}\\ &= \frac{20}{27} \end{aligned}$ + +【点评】本题考查了四则混合运算,注意运算顺序和运算法则,灵活运用所学的运算定 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00046.md b/markdowns/education_math_00046.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8acc0a745c6da5b3f651f03f486a26389ec4b0c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00046.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +【点评】本题考查了数对表示位置、旋转以及长方形的画法等知识,结合题意分析解答即可。 + +26.(3 分)为了美化小组设计的水上运动会徽,同学们用正方形设计了一些水花,请计算阴影部分面积。 + + + +【分析】如下图:阴影部分可以拼成两个腰长为(8÷2)厘米的等腰直角三角形。据此解答。 + + + +【解答】解:$8\div2=4$(厘米) + +$4 \times 4 \div 2 \times 2$\ +$=16\div2\times2$\ +$=16(平方厘米)$ + +答:阴影部分的面积是16平方厘米。 + +【点评】解答本题需灵活利用平移的方法,将不规则图形转化成规则图形,熟练掌握三角形面积公式。 + +## 五、解决问题。(29分) + +27.(5 分)温州 S1 线成为亚运交通的有力保障,为市民出行带来便利。如果乘坐私家车从龙霞路到奥体中心要 40 分钟,乘坐 S1 轻轨比私家车所需时间将减少 $\frac{1}{4}$,那么乘坐 S1 轻 diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00047.md b/markdowns/education_math_00047.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..809e00f806d773b560438da75ee99ecb760a1a79 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00047.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +10. (1 分)把一个底面周长 18.84dm、高 5dm 的圆柱,沿底面直径切成两个半圆柱后,表面积共增加了()$dm^{2}$。 + +A. 60 +B. 30 +C. 94.2 + +## 二、判断。(共5分) + +11. (1分)0一定比负数大。 ______ + +12. (1分)把圆柱的底面分成许多相等的扇形,然后切开,拼成一个近似的长方体,它们的表面积和体积都不变。 ______ + +13. (1 分)如果 $\frac{2}{x}=y$,那么 x 和 y 成反比例关系。 ___ + +14. (1分)一个零件在比例尺为10:1的图纸上长2cm,那么它实际长是20cm。 ______ + +15. (1 分)把红、黄、蓝 3 种颜色的球各 8 个放在一个袋子中,至少取 4 个球可以保证取到两个颜色相同的球。_____ + +## 三、填空。(共21分) + +16.(2分)数据显示,2023年“五一”期间,全国总体出行游客达二亿七千四百万人,横线上的数写作____________人,省略“亿”后面的尾数约是______亿人。 + +17. (4分)$\frac{24}{( )}=0.6=$ ___ ;30=___ 成=___% + +18. (2分)$\frac{4}{5}$小时=________分钟 + +$600mL = \underline{\hspace{2cm}} L$ + +19. (2 分)在 -3,9,$\frac{3}{5}$,-1,3.5,-$\frac{7}{8}$,0.54 中,正整数有 ______ 个,负数有 ______ 个。 + +20. (2分)学校要建一个长200m、宽60m的长方形操场,在比例尺1:2000的设计图上,操场长 _______ $cm$,宽 _______ $cm$。 + +21. (2 分)圆规两脚间的距离是 $3cm$ 时,所画圆的周长是__________$cm$,面积是__________$cm^2$. + +22. (2 分)如果 $4a=3b$,那么 $a:b=$______ :______ ;在这个比例中如果 $a=6$,$b=$______。 + +23. (2 分)把体积是 $90cm^3$ 的蜡制圆柱削成一个最大的圆锥,这个圆锥的体积是 ______ $cm^3$;把削去的部分熔铸成一个高是 $10cm$ 的圆柱,这个圆柱的底面积是 ______ $cm^2$。 + +24. (2分)一个等腰三角形的底边长是8cm,底角是40°,把它按5:1放大后,底边长 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00048.md b/markdowns/education_math_00048.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7e09ee52f58786a95ca40fed70acbed9c5f7349b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00048.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +的倍数是指对应边放大或缩小的倍数。 + +25. 小英收集了六(1)班 20 名女生 50 米跑的测试成绩并制成了条形统计图,请你按要求完成下面各题。 + + + + + +(1) 补全上面的扇形统计图。 + +(2) 测试成绩是优秀的人数比不及格的人数多( )人。 + +(3)如果在这 20 名女生中随机抽取一名女生,她的成绩是()的可能性最大。 + +【答案】(1)见详解 + +(2) 2 + +(3) 良好 + +【解析】 + +【分析】(1)分别用优秀、良好、及格、不及格的人数除以总人数,得出各自占的百分率,再完成扇形统计图即可; + +(2)用测试成绩是优秀的人数减不及格的人数即可: + +(3)测试成绩是什么的最多,则在这20名女生中随机抽取一名女生,她的成绩是什么的可能性最大。 + +【详解】(1)$1\div20\times100\%=5\%$ + +$6\div20\times100\%=30\%$ + +$10\div20\times100\%=50\%$ + +$3\div20\times100\%=15\%$ + +补全扇形统计图如下: + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00049.md b/markdowns/education_math_00049.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..18922c572ccc39677a9236b6682938dffd4abb44 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00049.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +答:此时长方体容器里的水面高度是15.7厘米。 + +【点睛】熟练掌握圆锥和长方体的体积公式,是解答此题的关键。 + +30. 夏日炎热,人们都喜欢吃西瓜来消暑解渴。每日鲜水果店运进一批西瓜,第一天卖出的西瓜与剩下的西瓜的比是 5:3,如果再卖出 135 千克,就还剩下这批西瓜的 15%。该水果店运进的这批西瓜有多少千克? + +【答案】600千克 + +【解析】 + +【分析】第一天卖出的西瓜与剩下的西瓜的比是5:3,也就是剩下的西瓜占总数的$3\div(3+5)=37.5\%$.如果再卖出 135 千克,就还剩下这批西瓜的 15%,说明这 135 千克占总数的 $37.5\% - 15\% = 22.5\%$, 据此用除法算出总千克数即可。 + +【详解】$3\div(3+5)\times100\%$\ +$=3\div8\times100\%$\ +$=37.5\%$ + +$37.5\%-15\%=22.5\%$ + +$135 \div 22.5\% = 600$(千克) + +答:水果店运进的这批西瓜有600千克。 + +【点睛】此题的关键是先求出135千克西瓜占总千克数的百分比,然后再进一步解答。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00050.md b/markdowns/education_math_00050.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..25367a2dc4860e44b644a6cd20d7499b8df7384d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00050.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ + +小明 + +因为三角形是由三条线段围成的图形,所以只要把这根木条任意分割为三段,就可以制作成一个三角形。 + +①你同意小明的想法吗?说明你的理由。 + +②请你设计一种分割方案,使分割成的三段可以制作成一个三角形。写出你的思考过程。 + +22.(7 分)图中梯形的高为 5cm,如果上底长度与下底长度的比是 2:5,涂色三角形的面积是 $80cm^{2}$,那么空白部分的面积是多少平方厘米?写出你的思考过程。 + + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00051.md b/markdowns/education_math_00051.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ce6f048adea74686e4681d8ef9a0344dca4d25ad --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00051.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ + + +(1)根据对称轴画出轴对称图形$^n$另一半. + +(2)按半径比为 2:1 画出圆 0 放大后的图形要求放大后的图形和原来的圆 0 组成一个轴对称图形,且有无数条对称轴。 + +30. 红星小学对六年级学生进行环保知识了解程度的调查,制作了如下的统计图表。 + +红星小学六年级学生环保知识了解程度统计表 + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
了解程度A .非常了解B 比较了解C .基本了解D .不了解
人数(人)20180120
+ + + + + +(1)把统计表的人数填写完整; + +(2) 把条形统计图补充完整; + +(3)在扇形统计图中标出 C 所占的百分比。 + +31. 商店举行某饮料 “每买一箱送一罐” 优惠促销活动。小红买了 4 箱,数了数共有 52 罐饮料。每箱饮料有多少罐? + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00052.md b/markdowns/education_math_00052.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7b06b1d4d2cb0e8a7987a6a285444111da92b103 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00052.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +(2) 60 毫米:0.3 分米\ +=60 毫米:30 毫米\ +=60 毫米 ÷ 30 毫米\ +=60 ÷ 30\ +=2 + +故答案为:5:4;2。 + +【点评】此题主要考查了化简比和求比值的方法,另外还要注意化简比的结果是一个比,它的前项和后项都是整数,并且是互质数;而求比值的结果是一个商,可以是整数、小数或分数。 + +26. 【分析】平面上每个点可以与其它的7个点连成线段,即(8×7)条线段,又因为有重复算的情况,应当除以2,据此解答即可。 + +【解答】解:$8 \times 7 \div 2$\ +$= 56 \div 2$\ +$= 28$(条) + +答:平面上的 8 个点可以连成 28 条线段。 + +故答案为:28。 + +【点评】本题是典型的握手问题,可以用公式:$n(n-1)\div2$ 解答。 + +27.【分析】精确到百分位,只要看千分位上是几,运用“四舍五入”求得近似值。 + +【解答】解:2.599精确到百分位约是2.60。 + +故答案为:2.60。 + +【点评】求一个小数的近似数,要看精确到哪一位,就从它的下一位运用“四舍五入”取得近似值。 + +28. 【分析】根据 $a=5b$($a$ 和 $b$ 均不为 0)可知,$a$ 是 $b$ 的 5 倍,则 $a$、$b$ 的最大公因数是较小的数 $b$。据此解答。 + +【解答】解:$a=5b$ 中($a$ 和 $b$ 均不为 0),$a$ 和 $b$ 的最大公因数是 $b$。 + +故答案为:$b$。 + +【点评】本题主要考查求两个数的最大公因数的分法,关键是根据 $a$ 和 $b$ 的关系做题。 + +## 三、细心看数,算一算。(8+12+6+4=30分) + +29.【分析】根据分数、小数四则混合运算的顺序,按照分数、小数四则运算的计算法则,直接进行口算即可。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00053.md b/markdowns/education_math_00053.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ddb726b993fda597d41252c1be7a8aadf42c964f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00053.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +## 一、填空题(每一空 2 分,共 40 分) + +1、雷诺准数的表达式为__________。当密度 $\rho = 1000 \, \text{kg} \cdot \text{m}^{-3}$,粘度 $\mu = 1$ 厘泊的水,在内径为 $d = 100 \, \text{mm}$,以流速为 $1 \, \text{m} \cdot \text{s}^{-1}$ 在管中流动时,其雷诺准数等于__________,其流动类型为__________。 + +2、流体体积流量用________来计算;质量流量用________来计算;而流体流速用________来计算。 + +3、当量直径的定义是 $d_e=$ __________ ;在套管环间流动的流体,外管的内径是 $d_2$,内管的外径是 $d_2$,则当量直径 $d_e=$__________。 + +4、单元操作包括____过程、____过程、____过程、____过程、____过程。 + +5、泵起动时,先关闭泵的出口开关的原因是__________和__________。 + +6、无相变传热过程可利用量纲分析法、比拟法和__________法求对流传热系数。 + +7、某逆流操作的间壁式换热器中,热流体的进、出口温度为80℃和50℃,冷流体的进、出口温度为20℃和45℃,此时的传热平均温度差$\Delta t_{m}=$ ___。 + +8、在精馏塔的分离操作过程中,气液两相在塔板上满足__________,在两层塔板的之间满足__________。 + +9、强化传热的方法之一是提高K值,而要提高K值则应提高对流传热系数___一侧的给热系数。 + +## 二、选择题(每小题 4 分,共 20 分) + +1、在一流体输送系统中,改变离心泵出口阀门开度,不会影响()。 diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00054.md b/markdowns/education_math_00054.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b1740b33662db94ad7533da2a760847cf5d59006 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00054.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +15.(1 分)如图,一个啤酒瓶的高度为 $30 \, cm$,瓶中装有高度为 $12 \, cm$ 的水,现将瓶盖盖好后倒置,这时瓶中水面高度为 $20 \, cm$,瓶中水的体积和瓶子的容积之比为 ___。(瓶底的厚度不计) + + + + + +16.(1分)将一长方形纸片,按如图的方式折叠,BC,BD为折痕,若$\angle ABC=30^\circ$,则$\angle EBD$的度数是________。 + + + +17.(1分)定义新运算为$a\triangle b=(a+1)+b$,求$6\triangle(3\triangle4)=$ ___。 + +18.(1 分)某校 100 名学生在一次语、数、外三科竞赛中,参加语文竞赛的有 39 人,参加数学竞赛的有 49 人,参加外语竞赛的有 41 人,既参加语文竞赛又参加数学竞赛的有 14 人,既参加数学竞赛又参加外语竞赛的有 13 人,既参加语文竞赛又参加外语竞赛的有 9 人,1 人三项都没有参加,则这三项都参加的有 ___ 人。 + +19.(1 分)如图是一组有规律的图案,它们是由边长相同的正方形和正三角形镶嵌而成,第①个图案中有4个三角形,第②个图案中有7个三角形,第③个图案中有10个三角形…依此规律,第⑯个图案中有___个三角形. + + + +① + + + +② + + + +③ + + + +④ + +20.(1 分)在装满 100 克浓度为 80% 的盐水中倒出 40 克盐水后,再用清水将杯加满,搅拌后再倒出 40 克盐水,然后再用清水加满,如此反复三次后,杯中盐水的浓度是 ___? + +## 二、计算题(每题3分,共30分) + +21.(30分)计算题。 + +(1) $4.6 \times \frac{9}{10} + 5.4 \div 1 \frac{1}{9}$ + +(2)$36\div\left[\left(\frac{5}{6}-\frac{1}{3}\right)\times3\right]$ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00055.md b/markdowns/education_math_00055.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4da00545f6570013d96781d5e3541b9a170f1fa5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00055.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +$\begin{array}{r l}&{(4)\frac{6}{5}+[(\frac{3}{4}-\frac{2}{3})+\frac{5}{6}]\frac{6}{5}\div[(\frac{3}{4}-\frac{2}{3})\div\frac{5}{6}]}\\ &{=\frac{6}{5}\div\frac{1}{12}\div\frac{5}{6}}\\ &{=\frac{6}{5}\div\frac{5}{6}\div\frac{1}{12}}\\ &{=1\div\frac{1}{12}}\\ &{=12}\end{array}$ + +$(5)\ 8\times\frac{5}{4}+1.25\times420\%-5\div4\\=10+5.25-1.25\\=14$ + +(6) $9.75+99.75+999.75+9999.75$\ +$=(9+0.75)+(99+0.75)+(999+0.75)+(9999+0.75)$\ +$=(10-1)+(100-1)+(1000-1)+(10000-1)+0.75\times4$\ +$=11110-4+3$\ +$=11109$ + +(7)$29\times12+29\times13+29\times25+29\times10$\ +$=29\times(12+13+25+10)$\ +$=29\times60$\ +$=1740$ + +$\begin{aligned}&(8)\ 1997\div1997\frac{1997}{1998}+1\div1999\\ &=[1\div(1997\frac{1997}{1998}\div1997)]+\frac{1}{1999}\\ &=[1\div(\frac{(1998+1\times1997)}{1998})\times\frac{1}{1997})]+\frac{1}{1999}\\ &=\frac{1998}{1999}+\frac{1}{1999}\\ &=1\end{aligned}$ + +(9) $\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2}{2\times3}+\frac{3}{2\times3\times4}+\frac{4}{2\times3\times4\times5}+\cdots+\frac{9}{2\times3\times4\times\cdots\times10}$\ +$=\frac{2-1}{2}+\frac{3-1}{2\times3}+\frac{4-1}{2\times3\times4}+\frac{5-1}{2\times3\times4\times4}+\cdots+\frac{10-1}{2\times3\times4\times\cdots\times10}$\ +$=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2\times3}+\frac{1}{2\times3}-\frac{1}{2\times3\times4}+\cdots+\frac{1}{2\times3\times\cdots\times9}-$ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00056.md b/markdowns/education_math_00056.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c6f2510c82a1bf89b4c3d5e6a40636fec80cd148 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00056.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +【答案】8 + +【解析】 + +【分析】在一个比例中,两个内项互为倒数,说明乘积是 1,那么两个外项的乘积也是 1,用外项积 1 去除以 $1 \frac{1}{7}$ 即可求解。 + +【详解】$1\div1\frac{1}{7}=\frac{7}{8}$ + +所以,另一个外项是$\frac{7}{8}$。 + +【点睛】此题主要考查比例的基本性质的灵活运用,比例的两内项之积等于两外项之积。 + +7. 土地上有 at 水泥,如果每天用去 2.5t,用了 b 天,剩下的吨数为( )。 + +【答案】$(a-25b)t$ + +【解析】 + +【分析】根据题意,先用每天用去的水泥吨数乘天数,求出用去水泥的吨数;再用水泥的总吨数减去用去的吨数,就是剩下的吨数。 + +【详解】剩下的吨数为: + +$a-2.5\times b=(a-2.5b)t$ + +【点睛】本题考查用字母表示式子及化简,找到数量关系,按数量关系写出含字母的式子是解题的关键。 + +8. 一个书包按“九折”出售,就是按原价_______%出售,这个书包比原价便宜了_______%。 + +【答案】①.90 ②.10 + +【解析】 + +【分析】把原价看作单位“1”,按“九折”出售,就是按原价90%出售,比原价便宜(1-90%),据此解答。 + +【详解】$1-90\%=10\%$ + +一个书包按“九折”出售,就是按原价90%出售,这个书包比原价便宜了10%。 + +【点睛】此题考查的目的是理解掌握“折”数与百分数之间的联系及应用,“几”折就是现价是原价的百分之几十。 + +9. 如果 $a \div b = c (a、b、c 均为整数,且 b \neq 0)$,那么 a 和 b 的最大公因数是(__),最小公倍数是(__)。 + +【答案】 ①. b ②. a + +【解析】 + +【分析】两数成倍数关系,最大公因数${^1}$较小数,最小公倍数是较大数,据此分析。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00057.md b/markdowns/education_math_00057.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9222c919efaada995124306b2f54c24a6281c75d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00057.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ + +A. 2% +B. 8% +C. 20% +D. 80% + +17. 用 9 个相同的铁圆锥可以熔铸成()个与其等底等高的圆柱。 + +A. 3 +B. 6 +C. 12 +D. 27 + +18. 如图,画斜线部分表示的算式()。 + + + +A. $\frac{2}{3} + \frac{2}{5}$ B. $\frac{2}{3} \times \frac{2}{5}$ C. $\frac{1}{3} \times \frac{2}{5}$ D. $4 \times \frac{2}{5}$ + +19. 下图是两个厂男、女职工人数的统计图,甲厂和乙厂的女职工人数相比,()。 + + + +A. 甲厂的多 B. 乙厂的多 C. 一样多 D. 无法比较 + +20. 某游泳池的进水管的进水量与时间的比例如图。按图中的速度,给这个游泳池注水 $400 ~m^{3}$ 需要()分。 + + + +A. 10 B. 20 C. 40 D. 200 + +## 四、计算题。(共28分) + +21. 直接写出得数。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00058.md b/markdowns/education_math_00058.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ee119188d27ee13628638b1207f8a738f9561366 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00058.md @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +的数是______亿,四舍五入到亿位是______亿。 + +12. 如果 $3a=5b$($a$、$b\neq0$),那么写出比例 $a:b=$______。 + +13. 找规律,填数。 + +1, 3, 2, 6, 4, 9, 8, ____, ____, 15, ____, 18, … + +14. 一种装装食品标准净重 200g,质监工作人员为了解该种食品每袋的净重与标准的误差,把食品净重 205g 记为 +5g,那么食品净重 197g 就记为(___)g。 + +15. 一种商品打七折销售,“七折”表示现价是原价的______%。如果这种商品原价是100元,付款时再少付______元。 + +16. 一个圆锥的体积是 $141.3cm^3$,与它等底等高的圆柱的体积是(  )$cm^3$。 + +17. 要配制一种含盐率为 20% 的盐水。现有 80g 盐,需要加入 ___ g 水才能配制成。 + +18. 已知 $x+\frac{11}{12}=y+\frac{9}{10}=z+\frac{7}{8}$, 那么 x、y、z 的关系是______> ______ >______. + +19. 大小两个圆的半径之比是5:3,它们的直径之比是_______,周长之比是_______,面积之比是_______。 + +20. 三个连续的自然数,中间的数是 a,则 a 的前边和后边的数分别是(_______ )和(_______)。 + +## 三、计算。 + +21. 直接写得数。 + +$135+398=$ + +$5-0.5=$ + +$0.24\times50=$ + +$2-2\div7=$ + +$\frac{2}{3}\div2=$ + +$1.25\times9\times8=$ + +$\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}=$ + +$\left(\frac{5}{9}+\frac{5}{8}\right)\times72=$ + +$728-299=$ + +$0.2^3=$ + +$3.6\times25\%=$ + +$6\div\frac{6}{7}=$ + +$8-13-1.7=$ + +22. 解方程。 + +$\frac{x}{4}=30\%$ + +$\frac{2}{3}x + \frac{1}{2}x = 42$ + +23. 脱式计算(能简算的要简算)。 + +$3.6-2.8+7.4-7.2$ + +$1.25\times32\times0.25$ + +$6.75\times\frac{3}{5}+4.25\times0.6-60\%$ + +$\frac{3}{4}\times\frac{5}{11}+\frac{6}{11}\div\frac{4}{3}$ + +## 四、填一填,画一画。(8分) + +24. 在动物园示意图上标出各个场馆的位置,填空并解答。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00059.md b/markdowns/education_math_00059.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4316ca810754b1608ef9b9f19d348092f582e6b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00059.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ + + +(1)动物园大门位于点(5,0),向北走100米到达熊猫馆。 + +(2)海洋馆位于点______,在大门的______偏______约______米处。 + +(3)大象馆位于点(10,3),在大门的______偏______约______米处。 + +(4)狮虎馆到熊猫馆和大象馆的距离相等,且狮虎馆位于熊猫馆和大象馆的上方,则狮虎馆位于点______。 + +(5)鹿苑位于点(1,8),向南走200米到达猩猩馆;科普馆与这两处距离相等,且位于鹿苑和猩猩馆的右侧,则科普馆位于点___。 + +(6)请你设计一条不走重复路的参观路线,在图上画出来。 + +## 五、实践操作题。(4分) + +25. 实践操作题。 + +(1) 画一个直径为 4 厘米的圆,用字母标出圆心和半径。 + +(2) 在圆内画一个最大的正方形。(保留作图痕迹) + +(3)求出这个正方形的面积。 + +## 六、解决问题。(28分) + +26. 小明一家三口开车从北京去距离小明家 560km 的外公家。汽车每行驶 100km 耗油 8L,按照这样计算,出发时加满 60L 汽油,能到达外公家吗? + +27. 商店卖一种书包,如果每个售价为 150,那么售价的 60% 是进价,售价的 40% 就是赚的钱,现在要搞促销活动,为保证一个书包赚的钱不少于 30 元,应该确定怎样折扣?(用比例解决) + +28. 如图这只工具箱的下半部是棱长为 20 厘米的正方体,上半部是圆柱体的一半。算出它的表面积和体积。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00060.md b/markdowns/education_math_00060.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..62deb945f087f48b41de3664dc2a783f3c33590e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00060.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +$0.25 \div \frac{1}{4}$= + +$1-0.09=$ + +$\frac{4}{5} + 20\% =$ + +20. 解方程。 + +$\frac{8}{21}=\frac{0.4}{y}$ + +$0.6x : 2 = 1.8 : 4$ + +$x-85\%x={\frac{9}{10}}$ + +21. 计算下面各题,怎样简便就怎样算。 + +$13.6+13.6+6.4-3.6$ + +$0.6\times8+\frac{3}{5}\times2$ + +$\frac{4}{9}\div\left[\frac{8}{9}\times\left(\frac{3}{4}-50\%\right)\right]$ + +22. 计算下图的体积。 + + + +## 五、图表世界。(共22分) + +23. 按要求在方格纸上画一画。 + +(1)将图①先向右平移8格,再向下平移3格 + +(2) 以虚线 MN 为对称轴,画出图②的轴对称图的形另一半。 + +(3) 将图③绕点 O 逆时针旋转 $90^{\circ}$ + +(4)将图③缩小,使得缩小后的图形与原图形对应线段长的比是$1:2$。 + + + +24. 一个工程队修路的时间与修路的米数情况如下表。 + + + + + + + + + + + +
时间(天)01234567
+ diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00061.md b/markdowns/education_math_00061.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..586e7dc23e18dd51fed620f05eff36c6b199e865 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00061.md @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +中国共产党的生日是7月1日: + +中国建军节是8月1日, + +中国教师节是9月10日, + +所以,不在第三季度的是国儿童节。 + +故选:$A$. + +【点评】明确各节日的日期以及第三季度包含哪几个月是解题关键。 + +17. 【分析】判断两个相关联的量之间成什么比例,就看这两个量是对应的比值一定,还是对应的乘积一定,如果是比值一定,就成正比例,如果是乘积一定,就成反比例。 + +【解答】解:$A.x+y=15$,和是定值,因此x和y不成比例: + +B. 由 $y=15x$,得$\frac{y}{x}=15$(一定),所以 $x$ 和 $y$ 成正比例; + +C. 由 $x: 3 = y: 5$,得 $x: y = \frac{3}{5}$(一定),所以 x 和 y 成正比例; + +D. 由 x: 3=5: y,得 $xy=3\times5=15$(一定),所以 x 和 y 成反比例。 + +故选:$D$. + +【点评】此题属于辨识成正、反比例的量,就看这两个量是对应的比值一定,还是对应的乘积一定,再做判断。 + +18.【分析】四个角都为直角的平行四边形是长方形,四条边都相等的长方形是正方形;也就是说正方形是特殊的长方形,正方形和长方形都是特殊的平行四边形;由此判断即可。 + +【解答】解:正方形:具有四条边都相等且四个角都是直角的四边形为正方形: + +长方形:四个角都是直角的四边形是长方形,长方形的对边平行且相等; + +平行四边形:两组对边分别平行的四边形叫做平行四边形。 + +由此可知:正方形是特殊的长方形;长方形、正方形是特殊的平行四边形; + +$ABC$ 正确; + +平行四边形是特殊的四边形,而不是四边形是特殊的平行四边形,选项 D 错误。 + +故选:$D$. + +【点评】此题根据正方形、长方形、平行四边形、四边形的特征进行解答。 + +19. 【分析】木箱的体积包括木箱本身的体积再加上它的容积,因为木箱的容器壁有厚度,由此得解。 + +【解答】解:由分析可知:一个长方体木箱的体积一定大于它的容积; + +故选:$A$. + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00062.md b/markdowns/education_math_00062.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b7ab109b4e0560bf612ad011fe31bfde3b047ba0 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00062.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +当 $\Delta x \to 0$ 时,$u$,$v$ 的值并不改变(因为 $u$,$v$ 依赖于 $x$ 而不依赖于 $\Delta x$);又由于函数 $v$ 可导,因而连续,所以 $\lim\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \Delta v = 0$。于是 + +$$\begin{aligned}y' & = \lim_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x} \\ +& = v \lim_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{\Delta u}{\Delta x} + u \lim_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta x} + \lim_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{\Delta u}{\Delta x} \cdot \lim_{\Delta x \to 0} \Delta v \\ +& = u'v + uv' + u' \cdot 0 \\ +& = u'v + uv' \end{aligned}$$ + +即 + +$$(uv)' = u'v + uv' \tag{3.4}$$ + +特别地,当 $u = c$($c$ 为常数)时, + +$$(cv)' = cv' \tag{3.5}$$ + +即常数因子可以移到导数符号外面. + +公式(3.4) 可以推广到有限多个函数的乘积的情况,即如果 $y = u_{1}u_{2}\cdots u_{n}$,则 + +$(u_1u_2\cdots u_n)'=u_1'u_2\cdots u_n+u_1u_2'u_3\cdots u_n+\cdots+u_1\cdots u_{n-1}u_n'$ + +例2 求函数 $y = (1 + 2x)(3x^3 - 2x^2)$ 的导数. + +解:$y' = (1 + 2x)'(3x^3 - 2x^2) + (1 + 2x)(3x^3 - 2x^2)'$ +$= [1' + (2x)'](3x^3 - 2x^2) + (1 + 2x)[(3x^3)' - (2x^2)']$ +$= [0 + 2(x)'](3x^3 - 2x^2) + (1 + 2x)[3(x^3)' - 2(x^2)']$ +$= 2(3x^3 - 2x^2) + (1 + 2x)(9x^2 - 4x)$ +$= 24x^3 - 3x^2 - 4x$ + +## (五) 商的导数 + +如果 $u$,$v$ 都是 $x$ 的可导函数,且 $v \neq 0$,则函数 $y = \frac{u}{v}$ 也是 $x$ 的可导函数,并且 + +$y' = \left( \frac{u}{v} \right)' = \frac{u'v - uv'}{v^2}$ + +证:由 $\Delta y = \frac{u + \Delta u}{v + \Delta v} - \frac{u}{v} = \frac{v \Delta u - u \Delta v}{v(v + \Delta v)}$ + +得 + +$\frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x} = \frac{v \frac{\Delta u}{\Delta x} - u \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta x}}{v(v + \Delta v)}$ + +因为当 $\Delta x \to 0$ 时,$u$ 与 $v$ 的值不变,而 $\Delta v \to 0$,所以 + +$$\lim _ { \Delta x \to 0 } \frac { \Delta y } { \Delta x } = \frac { v \lim \limits_{ \Delta x \to 0 } \frac { \Delta u } { \Delta x } - u \lim \limits_ { \Delta x \to 0 } \frac { \Delta v } { \Delta x } } { v \left( v + \lim \limits_ { \Delta x \to 0 } \Delta v \right) } = \frac { u ^ { \prime } v - u v ^ { \prime } } { v ^ { 2 } }$$ + +即 + +$$\left(\frac{u}{v}\right)' = \frac{u'v - uv'}{v^2} \tag{3.6}$$ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00063.md b/markdowns/education_math_00063.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..42b35ecb9e9f00b9cfd17c83b2ece8f024103c6a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00063.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +例2 求函数 $f(x, y) = e^{x^2 y}$ 的偏导数 $\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$, $\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}$. + +解: $\frac{\partial f}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial (e^{x^2 y})}{\partial x} = e^{x^2 y} \cdot \frac{\partial (x^2 y)}{\partial x} = 2xye^{x^2 y}$ + +$\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}=\frac{\partial\left(e^{x^{2}y}\right)}{\partial y}=e^{x^{2}y}\cdot\frac{\partial\left(x^{2}y\right)}{\partial y}=x^{2}e^{x^{2}y}$ + +可以看出,函数 $z = f(x, y)$ 在点 $(x_0, y_0)$ 处的偏导数,就是该函数在点 $(x_0, y_0)$ 处沿 $x$ 轴和 $y$ 轴方向的变化率,即 + +$f_{x}^{\prime}(x_{0}, y_{0}) = \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}f(x, y_{0}) \Big|_{x=x_{0}}$ + +$f_{y}^{\prime}(x_{0}, y_{0}) = \left. \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}y} f(x_{0}, y) \right|_{y=y_{0}}$ + +由此可知偏导数的几何意义:$f'_x(x_0, y_0)$ 表示曲面 $z = f(x, y)$ 与平面 $y = y_0$ 的交线在空间中的点 $P(x_0, y_0, f(x_0, y_0))$ 处切线 $PT_x$ 的斜率。类似地,$f'_y(x_0, y_0)$ 表示曲面 $z = f(x, y)$ 与平面 $x = x_0$ 的交线在点 $P(x_0, y_0, f(x_0, y_0))$ 处切线 $PT_y$ 的斜率(如图8—15所示),这与一元函数导数的几何意义是类似的。 + + + +图 8—15 + +但是,对二元函数 $z = f(x, y)$,即使在点 $(x_0, y_0)$ 处的偏导数存在,也不能保证 $f(x, y)$ 在该点连续,这与一元函数在某点可导则在该点连续的结论完全不同。 + +## (二)高阶偏导数 + +一般说来,函数 $z = f(x, y)$ 的偏导数 + +$z'_x = \frac{\partial f(x, y)}{\partial x}, z'_y = \frac{\partial f(x, y)}{\partial y}$ + +还是 $x$,$y$ 的二元函数,如果这两个函数对自变量 $x$ 和 $y$ 的偏导数也存在,则称这些偏导数为函数 $f(x, y)$ 的二阶偏导数,记作 + +$\frac{\partial^{2}z}{\partial x^{2}}=\frac{\partial}{\partial x}\left(\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}\right),\quad\frac{\partial^{2}z}{\partial x\partial y}=\frac{\partial}{\partial y}\left(\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}\right)$ + +$\frac{\partial^{2}z}{\partial y^{2}}=\frac{\partial}{\partial y}\left(\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}\right),\quad\frac{\partial^{2}z}{\partial y\partial x}=\frac{\partial}{\partial x}\left(\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}\right)$ + +或 + +$z_{xx}^{\prime \prime}, z_{xy}^{\prime \prime}, z_{yy}^{\prime \prime}, z_{yx}^{\prime \prime}$ + +仿此可以定义二元函数更高阶的偏导数。例如: + +$\frac{\partial}{\partial x}\left(\frac{\partial^{2}z}{\partial x^{2}}\right)=\frac{\partial^{3}z}{\partial x^{3}},\quad\frac{\partial}{\partial y}\left(\frac{\partial^{2}z}{\partial x^{2}}\right)=\frac{\partial^{3}z}{\partial x^{2}\partial y}$ + +$\frac{\partial}{\partial x}\left(\frac{\partial^{2}z}{\partial x\partial y}\right)=\frac{\partial^{3}z}{\partial x\partial y\partial x}等.$ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00064.md b/markdowns/education_math_00064.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4362717b87db0a360d00bb18c3b42b678ff61d46 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00064.md @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +(7) 收敛 + +(8) 发散 + +(9) 收敛 + +6.(1)收敛 + +(2) 收敛 + +(3) 发散 + +(4) 收敛 + +7.(1)收敛 + +(2) 收敛 + +(3) 发散 + +8.(1)绝对收敛 + +(2) 绝对收敛 + +(3) 条件收敛 + +(4) 绝对收敛 + +(5) 绝对收敛 + +(6) 绝对收敛 + +9.(1)1;$(-1,1]$ + +(2)$\infty;(-\infty,+\infty)$ + +(3) 1; $[-1, 1]$ + +(4) 2; (-2, 2) + +(5) 3; $[-3, 3)$ + +(6) 5; (-5, 5] + +(7)$\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2};\left[-\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2},\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\right)$ + +(8) 1;[-1, 1) + +(9)$\frac{1}{5};\left[-\frac{1}{5},\frac{1}{5}\right)$ + +(10)$\frac{1}{3}$;$\left(-\frac{1}{3},\frac{1}{3}\right)$ + +(11) 1; [1, 3] + +(12)$\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2};\left(-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2},\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\right)$ + +(13)$\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$; $\left(-3-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2},-3+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\right)$ + +(14)$\frac{1}{2}$;(1,2] + +10. (1) $[-1, 1]$; $S(x) = \arctan x$ + +(2) $(-1, 1)$; $S(x) = \frac{2x}{(1 - x^2)^2}$ + +(3)$(-1,1)$; $S(x)=\frac{2x}{(1-x)^{3}}$ + +(4) $[-2, 2)$; $S(x) = \begin{cases} -\frac{1}{x}\ln(1-\frac{x}{2}), & x \neq 0 \text{ 且 } x \in [-2, 2) \\ \frac{1}{2}, & x = 0 \end{cases}$ + +11. (1) $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{(\ln a)^{n}}{n!}x^{n}, -\infty < x < +\infty$ + +(2) $\sum\limits_{n=0} (-1)^n \frac{x^{2n+1}}{2^{2n+1}(2n+1)!}, -\infty < x < +\infty$ + +12. (1) $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}(-1)^{n}\frac{x^{2n}}{n!}, -\infty < x < +\infty$ + +(2)$1+\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}(-1)^{n}\frac{(2x)^{2n}}{2(2n)!},-\infty < x < +\infty$ + +(3) $1 + \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{(2n-1)!!}{(2n)!!} x^{2n}, -1 < x < 1$ + +(4)$\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}(-1)^{n}\frac{x^{n+3}}{n!},-\infty < x < \infty$ + +(5)$\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{x^{n}}{3^{n+1}},-3 < x < 3$ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00065.md b/markdowns/education_math_00065.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7e9d541dd127a3cf740a36a5f573956c613908c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00065.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +6. 证明 $\lim\limits_{x\to0}\frac{|x|}{x}$ 不存在. + +7. 函数 $y=\frac{1}{(x-1)^{2}}$ 在什么变化过程中是无穷大量?又在什么变化过程中是无穷小量? + +8. 以下数列在 $n \to \infty$ 时是否为无穷小量? + +(1) $y_n = (-1)^{n+1} \frac{1}{2^n}$ + +$(2)\ y_n = \frac{1 + (-1)^n}{n}$ + +(3) $y_n = \frac{1}{n^2}$ + +9. 当 $x \to 0$ 时, 下列变量中哪些是无穷小量? 哪些是无穷大量? 哪些既不是无穷小量也不是无穷大量? + +$100x^2$, $\sqrt[3]{x}$, $\sqrt{x+1}$, $\frac{2}{x}$, $\frac{x}{x^2}$, $\frac{x^2}{x}$, $0$, + +$x^2 + 0.01$, $\frac{1}{x-1}$, $x^2 + \frac{1}{2}x$, $\frac{x-1}{x+1}$ + +10. 当 $x \to +\infty$ 时,上题中的变量,哪些是无穷小量?哪些是无穷大量?哪些既不是无穷小量也不是无穷大量? + +11. 求下列各极限: + +(1) $\lim\limits_{x\to-2}(3x^{2}-5x+2)$ + +(2)$\lim\limits_{x\to0}\left(1-\frac{2}{x-3}\right)$ + +(3) $\lim_{x \to \sqrt{3}} \frac{x^2 - 3}{x^4 + x^2 + 1}$ + +$(4) \lim\limits_{x \to 2} \frac{x^2 - 3}{x - 2}$ + +(5) $\lim\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{x^2 - 1}{2x^2 - x - 1}$ + +(6)$\lim_{x\to0}\frac{4x^{3}-2x^{2}+x}{3x^{2}+2x}$ + +(7) $\lim\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{x^2 - 3x + 2}{1 - x^2}$ + +(8) $\lim\limits_{h \to 0} \frac{(x+h)^3 - x^3}{h}$ + +(9)$\lim_{x\to1}\frac{x^{n}-1}{x-1}$ (n为正整数) + +(10) $\lim\limits_{x\to\frac{\pi}{6}}\frac{2\sin^{2}x+\sin x-1}{2\sin^{2}x-3\sin x+1}$ + +(11) $\lim\limits_{x\to\infty}\frac{2x+3}{6x-1}$ + +(12)$\lim\limits_{x\to\infty}\frac{1000x}{1+x^{2}}$ + +(13) $\lim\limits_{n\to\infty}\frac{(n-1)^{2}}{n+1}$ + +(14) $\lim\limits_{u\to+\infty}\frac{\sqrt[4]{1+u^{3}}}{1+u}$ + +(15) $\lim\limits_{x\to\infty}\frac{2x+1}{\sqrt[5]{x^{3}+x^{2}-2}}$ + +(16) $\lim_{x \to +\infty} \frac{(\sqrt{x^2+1}+2x)^2}{3x^2+1}$ + +(17) $\lim\limits_{x\to\infty}\frac{(2x-1)^{30}(3x-2)^{20}}{(2x+1)^{50}}$ + +(18)$\lim\limits_{x\to0}\frac{x^{2}}{1-\sqrt{1+x^{2}}}$ + +(19) $\lim\limits_{x\to0}\frac{\sqrt[n]{1+x}-1}{\frac{x}{n}}$ + +(20) $\lim\limits_{x\to-8}\frac{\sqrt{1-x}-3}{2+\sqrt[3]{x}}$ + +(21) $\lim\limits_{x\to4}\frac{\sqrt{2x+1}-3}{\sqrt{x-2}-\sqrt{2}}$ + +(22) $\lim\limits_{x\to1}\left(\frac{3}{1-x^{3}}-\frac{1}{1-x}\right)$ diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00066.md b/markdowns/education_math_00066.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4b57030f1e8d8337451cfeb58d6c6e87051b1e05 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00066.md @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +(D) 若 $0 \leqslant u_{n} \leqslant v_{n}$,且(Ⅱ)发散,则(Ⅰ)一定发散 + +7. 下列级数中发散的是 [____ ] . + +(A) $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}2^{n}\sin\frac{1}{3^{n}}$ +(B) $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}(1-\cos\frac{1}{n})$ +(C) $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{(n!)^{2}}{(2n)!}$ +(D) $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{\left(\frac{n+1}{n}\right)^{n^{2}}}{2^{n}}$ + +8. 对于级数 $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\left(\frac{na}{n+1}\right)^{n}(a>0)$,下列结论中正确的是 [ ____ ] . + +(A) $a > 1$ 时,级数收敛 +(B) $a < 1$ 时,级数发散 +(C) $a = 1$ 时,级数收敛 +(D) $a = 1$ 时,级数发散 + +9. 关于级数 $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^{n-1}}{n^{p}}$ 收敛性的下述结论中,正确的是 [ ____ ] . + +(A) $0 < p \leq 1$ 时条件收敛 +(B) $0 < p \leq 1$ 时绝对收敛 +(C) $p > 1$ 时条件收敛 +(D) $0 < p \leq 1$ 时发散 + +10. 下列级数中绝对收敛的是 [ ____ ] . + +(A) $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}(-1)^{n-1}\frac{n}{2n-1}$ +(B) $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}(-1)^{\frac{n(n+1)}{2}}\cdot\frac{n!}{3^{n}}$ +(C) $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}(-1)^{n-1}\frac{n^{3}}{2^{n}}$ +(D) $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}(-1)^{n-1}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{n}}{n+100}$ + +11. 无穷级数 $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}(-1)^{n}u_{n}(u_{n}>0)$ 收敛的充分条件是 [ ___ ] . + +(A)$u_{n+1}\leqslant u_{n}\quad(n=1,2,\cdots)$ +(B)$\lim\limits_{n\to\infty}u_{n}=0$ +(C)$u_{n+1}\leqslant u_{n}\quad(n=1,2,\cdots)$,且$\lim\limits_{n\to\infty}u_{n}=0$ +(D)$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}(-1)^{n}(u_{n}-u_{n+1})$收敛 + +12. 下列级数中发散的是 [ ____ ] . + +(A) $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}(-1)^{n}\frac{1}{\ln(n+1)}$ (B) $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{n}{3n-1}$ +(C) $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}(-1)^{n-1}\frac{1}{3^{n}}$ (D) $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{n}{3^{\frac{n}{2}}}$ + +13. 设 $0 \leq u_n < \frac{1}{n}$ ($n = 1, 2, \cdots$),则下列级数中必定收敛的是 [ ____ ]. + +A. $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} u_n$ +B. $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} (-1)^n u_n$ +C. $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \sqrt{u_n}$ +D. $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} (-1)^n u_n^2$ + +14. 幂级数 $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{x^{n}}{n}$ 的收敛域是 [ ____ ] . diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00067.md b/markdowns/education_math_00067.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..69e1aa076fb024f39faddbb6b33bd2707220ea10 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00067.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +我们称(8.1)式为傅里叶级数的三角形式,而称(8.2)式为傅里叶级数的复指数形式.工程上一般采用后一种形式. + +傅里叶级数有非常明确的物理含义. 事实上, 在(8.1)式中, 令 + +$A_{0}=\frac{a_{0}}{2},\quad A_{n}=\sqrt{a_{n}^{2}+b_{n}^{2}},\quad\cos\theta_{n}=\frac{a_{n}}{A_{n}},\quad\sin\theta_{n}=\frac{-b_{n}}{A_{n}}\quad(n=1,2,\cdots),$ + +则(8.1)式变为 + +$$\begin{aligned} f_T(t) & = A_0 + \sum_{n=1}^{+\infty} A_n (\cos \theta_n \cos n \omega_0 t - \sin \theta_n \sin n \omega_0 t) \\ +& = A_0 + \sum_{n=1}^{+\infty} A_n \cos (n \omega_0 t + \theta_n). \end{aligned}$$ + +如果以 $f_{T}(t)$ 代表信号,则上式说明,一个周期为 T 的信号可以分解为简谐波之和。这些谐波的(角)频率分别为一个基频 $\omega_{0}$ 的倍数。换句话说,信号 $f_{T}(t)$ 并不含有各种频率成分,而仅由一系列具有离散频率的谐波所构成,其中 $A_{n}$ 反映了频率为 $n\omega_{0}$ 的谐波在 $f_{T}(t)$ 中所占的份额,称为振幅;$\theta_{n}$ 则反映了频率为 $n\omega_{0}$ 的谐波沿时间轴移动的大小,称为相位。这两个指标完全刻画了信号 $f_{T}(t)$ 的性态。 + +再来看看(8.2)式,由 $c_n$ 与 $a_n$ 及 $b_n$ 的关系可得(图 8.1) + + + +图 8.1 + +$c_{0}=A_{0},\arg c_{n}=-\arg c_{-n}=\theta_{n},$ + +$|c_n| = |c_{-n}| = \frac{1}{2} \sqrt{a_n^2 + b_n^2} = \frac{A_n}{2} \quad (n = 1, 2, \cdots).$ + +因此 $c_n$ 作为一个复数,其模与辐角正好反映了信号 $f_T(t)$ 中频率为 $n\omega_0$ 的简谐波的振幅与相位,其中振幅 $A_n$ 被平均分配到正负频率上,而 + +负频率的出现则完全是为了数学表示的方便,它与正频率一起构成同一个简谐波。由此可见,仅由系数 $c_{n}$ 就可以完全刻画信号 $f_{T}(t)$ 的频率特性。因此,称 $c_{n}$ 为周期函数 $f_{T}(t)$ 的离散频谱,$\left|c_{n}\right|$ 为离散振幅谱,$\arg c_{n}$ 为离散相位谱。为了进一步明确 $c_{n}$ 与频率 $n\omega_{0}$ 的对应关系,常常记 $F(n\omega_{0})=c_{n}$。 + +例 8.1 求以 $T$ 为周期的函数 + +$ f_{T}(t)= \begin{cases} 0, & -T/2 < t < 0,\\2,&0< t < T/2 \end{cases}$ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00068.md b/markdowns/education_math_00068.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..08dcc9a99290cbaed05dd2cb404dadbba67323cc --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00068.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +$N_{c} = \int_{c} A_{n} \, \mathrm{d}s$ + +称为向量场 $A$ 通过闭或不闭的曲线 $C$ 的流量,其中 $ds$ 是曲线 $C$ 的弧元素,$A_n$ 是向量 $A(x,y)$ 在曲线 $C$ 上点 $(x,y)$ 处法线的正方向上的投影。 + +设 $dn$ 为向量, 其方向与曲线 C 上点 $(x, y)$ 处的法线一致, 大小等于切线方向向量 $ds = idx + jd y$ 的模, 则有 + +$dn = \pm (i \, dy - j \, dx)$, + +将这等式右边括号前的两个符号选定一个之后,我们就规定了法线的正方向,以后我们规定选取“+”号。在这种规定下,对于逆时针方向绕行的闭路 C 来说,向量 dn 指向闭路 C 的外法线方向(图 7.2). + + + +图 7.2 + +由于 $A_{n}\mathrm{d}s=A\cdot\mathrm{d}n=A_{x}(x,y)\mathrm{d}y-A_{y}(x,y)\mathrm{d}x$,所以 + +$N_{c} = \int_{c} A_{n} \, ds = \int_{c} \mathbf{A} \cdot d\mathbf{n} = \int_{c} A_{x}(x,y) \, dy - A_{y}(x,y) \, dx.$ + +当流入 $C$ 的内部的流体少于流出的流体时, 即 $N_C > 0$ 时, 有源; 当流入 $C$ 的内部的流体多于流出的流体时, 即 $N_C < 0$ 时, 有汇. + +假定闭曲线 $C$ 在区域 $D$ 内,并且在 $D$ 内的流体既无源又无汇,即在 $D$ 内任何部分,都无流体放出,也无流体吸入,这时通过 $C$ 的流量为 + +$N_{C} = \int_{C} A_{x}(x, y) \, dy - A_{y}(x, y) \, dx = 0.$ + +对于在 $D$ 内的任意简单闭曲线 $C$ 成立. + +假定 $D$ 是单连通区域, 且假定 $A_x$ 及 $A_y$ 在 $D$ 内有连续的偏导数. 由微积分所学内容知 + +$\text{div } \mathbf{A} = \frac{\partial A_x}{\partial x} + \frac{\partial A_y}{\partial y} = 0,$ + +即 + +$\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial x} = -\frac{\partial A_{y}}{\partial y}. \quad (7.2)$ + +从而可知$-A_{y}(x,y)\mathrm{d}x+A_{x}(x,y)\mathrm{d}y$是某一个二元函数$v(x,y)$的全微分,即 + +$d[v(x,y)] = -A_y dx + A_x dy.$ + +由此得 + +$\frac{\partial v}{\partial x} = -A_y, \quad \frac{\partial v}{\partial y} = A_x.$ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00069.md b/markdowns/education_math_00069.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e311c68a3c47da26632defaa6c264bc88d9530f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00069.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +因此所求映射为 + +$w = \left( \frac{1 + i e^{-\frac{\pi i}{2z}}}{1 - i e^{-\frac{\pi i}{2z}}} \right)^2.$ + +## 本章小结 + +本章通过对导函数的几何特性的分析,引入共形映射的概念,并借助这一概念来进一步认识解析函数的映射特征与应用. + +事实上,保形性是解析函数所特有的性质.共形映射所研究的基本问题是构造解析函数使一个区域保形地映射到另一个区域,而要解决这一问题,必须首先从正面了解一个给定的解析函数会把一个给定的区域变成什么样的区域.因此本章主要是围绕这两个问题展开,其中重点讨论由分式线性函数所构成的映射. + +分式线性函数具有保形性、保对称点性以及保圆性等一些性质。而其中保圆性最具特色。当然,如果这里所说的圆只是一般意义上的半径有限的圆,则似乎还不能体现它的独到之处。它最关键的地方在于能在直线与圆之间相互转换,这就使得我们在处理那些以直线和圆弧组成边界的区域时非常方便,而这样的区域又是最常见的。因此从某种意义上也许可以这样说,分式线性映射最具魅力的特点在于它统一了直线和圆。 + +幂函数与根式函数、指数函数与对数函数也是在构造共形映射时非常有用的两对初等函数。前者在角形域之间进行转换,而后者在角形域与带形域之间进行转换。因此它们在使用上具有非常固定的模式。 + +单位圆域与上半平面是两个典型的区域,同时它们也是连接区域之间共形映射的纽带。我们在构造一般区域之间的共形映射时,常常是先将区域都向上半平面或者单位圆域映射,再求出所要的共形映射函数。 + +## 习题六 + +6.1 试求映射 $w = z^2$ 在 $z_0$ 处的旋转角与伸缩率: + +$(1)\ z_0 = 1;$ + +(2) $z_0 = -\frac{1}{4}$; + +(3) $z_{0}=1+i;$ + +$(4)\ z_0 = -3 + 4i.$ + +6.2 在映射 $w=\frac{1}{z}$ 下,求下列曲线的像曲线: + +(1)$x^{2}+y^{2}=4$; + +(2) $y = x$; + +$(3)\ x=1;$ + +$(4)\ (x-1)^2 + y^2 = 1.$ + +6.3 下列函数将下列区域映射成什么区域? + +(1) $x>0$, $y>0$, $w=\frac{z-i}{z+i}$; + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00070.md b/markdowns/education_math_00070.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ad0c17345f17d317b2a16d954d28aaf05a5fcc58 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00070.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ + + + +(a) + + + +(b) + +图 6.1 + +另一方面,设曲线 $C$ 在 $z_0$ 处的切线倾角为 $\theta_0$, 曲线 $\Gamma$ 在 $w_0$ 处的切线倾角为 $\varphi_0$, 则 $\lim_{z \to z_0}(\varphi - \theta) = \varphi_0 - \theta_0$ 称为曲线 $C$ 经函数 $w = f(z)$ 映射后在 $z_0$ 处的旋转角, 它刻画了由曲线 $C$ 在 $z_0$ 处的切线转动到曲线 $\Gamma$ 在 $w_0$ 处的切线所需转过的角度. + +可以看出,伸缩率与旋转角完全描述了在 $ w = f(z) $ 映射下曲线 $\Gamma$ 相对于曲线 C 的变化特征。下面我们将看到,当函数 $ w = f(z) $ 解析时,这两个特征可以由导数的模与辐角定量给出。 + +2. 伸缩率不变性 + +现假设函数 $ w = f(z) $ 在区域 D 内解析,$z_{0} \in D$,且 $ f'(z_{0}) \neq 0 $。采用前面的记号,并由导数的定义可得 + +$f'(z_0) = \lim_{\Delta z \to 0} \frac{\Delta w}{\Delta z} = \lim_{\Delta z \to 0} \frac{|\Delta w| \, e^{i\varphi}}{|\Delta z| \, e^{i\theta}} = \lim_{\Delta z \to 0} \frac{|\Delta w|}{|\Delta z|} e^{i(\varphi - \theta)}, \quad (6.1)$ + +因此有 + +$|f'(z_0)| = \lim_{\Delta z \to 0} \frac{|\Delta w|}{|\Delta z|}.$ + +根据伸缩率的概念可知,导数的模 $|f'(z_0)|$ 实际上就是曲线 $C$ 经函数 $w=f(z)$ 映射后在 $z_0$ 处的伸缩率. 由于函数 $w=f(z)$ 可导,因此 $|f'(z_0)|$ 只与 $z_0$ 有关,而与曲线 $C$ 本身的形状和方向无关,即对经过 $z_0$ 点的任何曲线 $C$,经 $w=f(z)$ 映射后在 $z_0$ 点均有相同的伸缩率. 因此称这种映射具有伸缩率不变性. + +3. 旋转角不变性与保角性 + +由式(6.1)还可得 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00071.md b/markdowns/education_math_00071.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6a2e225c39fa3c0447af19e16db9aae1fec13276 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00071.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +的傅氏变换. + +8.13 证明下列各式: + +$(1) f_{1}(t) * f_{2}(t) = f_{2}(t) * f_{1}(t)$; + +(2) $a[f_1(t) * f_2(t)] = [af_1(t)] * f_2(t)$ ($a$ 为常数); + +$(3)\ \frac{d}{dt}[f_1(t)*f_2(t)] = \frac{d}{dt}f_1(t)*f_2(t) = f_1(t)*\frac{d}{dt}f_2(t).$ + +8.14 设 + +$f_{1}(t)=\begin{cases}0,&t<0,\\1,&t\geqslant0;\end{cases}$ + +$f_{2}(t) = \begin{cases} 0, & t < 0, \\ e^{-1}, & t \geq 0, \end{cases}$ + +求 $f_1(t) * f_2(t)$. + +8.15 设 $F_1(\omega) = \mathscr{F}[f_1(t)]$, $F_2(\omega) = \mathscr{F}[f_2(t)]$, 证明: + +$\mathcal{F}\left[f_{1}(t) \cdot f_{2}(t)\right] = \frac{1}{2\pi} F_{1}(\omega) * F_{2}(\omega).$ + +8.16 求下列函数的傅氏变换: + +(1) $ f(t) = \sin \omega_{0} t \cdot u(t) $; (2) $ f(t) = e^{j \omega_{0} t} t u(t) $. + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00072.md b/markdowns/education_math_00072.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..63f45e045bb2a8133ec595f7c0c0f96c72705372 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00072.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ + + + +(a) + + + +(b) + + + +(c) + + + +(d) + +图 6.23 + +解 (1)令 $z_1 = k \frac{z - i}{z + i}$, 再设它将 $z = 1$ 映射为 $z_1 = 1$, 则可求得 $k = i$, 即得 $z_1 = \frac{z - i}{z + i}i$. 此步是最关键的一步, 它包含三个方面的考虑: 第一, 将 $C_1$ 与 $C_2$ 的一个公共点 $-i$ 映射为无穷远点, 从而使 $C_1$ 与 $C_2$ 变为两条直线; 第二, 将 $i$ 点映射为原点, 使 $C_1$ 与 $C_2$ 变成从原点出发且夹角为 $\frac{\pi}{6}$ 的射线; 第三, 将 $1$ 映射为 $1$, 使 $C_2$ 映射为右半实轴. 这样映射后的区域很容易就确定下来. + +(2) 由 $z_{2}=(z_{1})^{6}$ 变为上半平面. + +(3) 由 $w=\frac{z_{2}-i}{z_{2}+i}$ 变为单位圆内部(见例 6.10). + +最后得到所求映射为 + +$$w = \frac { \left( \mathrm { i } \, \frac { z - \mathrm { i } } { z + \mathrm { i } } \right) ^ { 6 } - \mathrm { i } } { \left( \mathrm { i } \, \frac { z - \mathrm { i } } { z + \mathrm { i } } \right) ^ { 6 } + \mathrm { i } } .$$ + +例 6.18 求一共形映射,使区域 $D = \{z: \operatorname{Im} z > 0, |z| < 1\}$ 映射为单位圆内部(图 6.24). + +解 (1)参见例 6.13, 映射 $z_{1}=\left(\frac{1+z}{1-z}\right)^{2}$ 可将区域 D 变为上半平面. + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00073.md b/markdowns/education_math_00073.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..68163e6bf17702cd30e527656ce185c3b073947f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00073.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +$X(s) = \frac{F_{0}}{ms^{2}}.$ + +求拉氏逆变换得物体的运动方程为 $x(t)=\frac{F_0}{m}t$。 + +注 本例中关于δ函数的拉氏变换涉及拉氏变换本身的定义问题. 一般说来, 若函数$f(t)$在$t=0$附近有界, 则$f(0)$的取值对拉氏变换没有影响, 但若$f(t)$在$t=0$时刻包含了冲激函数, 则有必要考察一下拉氏变换中积分限的设定. 对积分下限分别取$0^+$和$0^-$, 可得下面两种形式的拉氏变换: + +$\mathscr{L}_{+}[f(t)] = \int_{0^{+}}^{+\infty} f(t) e^{-st} dt,$ $\quad$ +(9.18) + +$\mathscr{L}_{-}[f(t)] = \int_{0^{-}}^{+\infty} f(t) e^{-st} dt.$ (9.19) + +对于在 $t=0$ 不含冲激函数的 $f(t)$,有 $\mathscr{L}_+[f(t)] = \mathscr{L}_-[f(t)]$,因此以前的讨论不受影响. 但对于 $\delta$ 函数而言,则有 $\mathscr{L}_+[\delta(t)] = 0$,$\mathscr{L}_-[\delta(t)] = 1$. 考虑到 $\delta$ 函数的傅氏变换为 1,为统一起见,我们推荐使用后一种方式. 此时有关公式要作相应的修改. + +比如在例 9.20 中, 实际上是采用(9.19)式进行的拉氏变换, 因而有 $\mathscr{L}_{-}[\delta(t)]=1$, 且 $\mathscr{L}_{-}\left[x^{\prime \prime}(t)\right]=s^{2} X(s)-s x\left(0^{-}\right)-x^{\prime}\left(0^{-}\right)$, 初始条件为 $x\left(0^{-}\right)=x^{\prime}\left(0^{-}\right)=0$. 但若此例中采用 (9.18) 式进行拉氏变换, 则 $\mathscr{L}_{+}[\delta(t)]=0$, 且 $\mathscr{L}_{+}\left[x^{\prime \prime}(t)\right]=s^{2} X(s)-s x\left(0^{+}\right)-x^{\prime}\left(0^{+}\right)$, 此时的初始条件应为 $x\left(0^{+}\right)=0$, $x^{\prime}\left(0^{+}\right)=F_{0} / m$, 这是因为在冲击力 $F_{0} \delta(t)$ 的作用下, 冲量为 $F_{0}$, 根据冲量定理, 物体的初始速度瞬间由 0 变到 $F_{0} / m$. 其求解结果与前面是一致的. + +## § 9.4.2 综合举例 + +例 9.21 求函数 $f(t)=\begin{cases}1-t, & 0\leq t\leq 1, \\ 0, & t<0 \text{ 或 } t>1\end{cases}$ 的像函数. + +解 如图 9.3, 函数 $f(t)$ 可写为 + + + +图 9.3 + +$\begin{aligned} f(t) &= (1 - t)u(t) + (t - 1)u(t - 1) \\ &= u(t) - tu(t) + (t - 1)u(t - 1). \end{aligned}$ + +由于 + +$\mathscr{L}\left[ u(t) \right] = \frac{1}{s}, \quad \mathscr{L}\left[ tu(t) \right] = \frac{1}{s^2},$ + +所以 + +$\mathscr{L}\left[f(t)\right]=\frac{1}{s}-\frac{1}{s^{2}}+\frac{1}{s^{2}}e^{-s}.$ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00074.md b/markdowns/education_math_00074.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cd87602af4b000b072744ee6693bb1f7b2be3343 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00074.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +$\begin{aligned} F(\omega) &= \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} f(t) e^{-j\omega t} \, dt = \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} e^{-|t|} \cos t e^{-j\omega t} \, dt \\&= \int_{0}^{+\infty} e^{-t} \cos t e^{-j\omega t} \, dt + \int_{-\infty}^{0} e^{t} \cos t e^{-j\omega t} \, dt. \end{aligned}$ + +对上式第二个积分作变量代换 $t_1 = -t$,有 + +$$F ( \omega ) = \int _ { 0 } ^ { + \infty } \mathrm { e } ^ { - t } \cos t \, \mathrm { e } ^ { - \mathrm { j } \omega t } \mathrm { d } t + \int _ { 0 } ^ { + \infty } \mathrm { e } ^ { - t _ { 1 } } \cos t _ { 1 } \, \mathrm { e } ^ { - \mathrm { j } ( - \omega ) t _ { 1 } } \mathrm { d } t _ { 1 }$$ +$$= \int _ { - \infty } ^ { + \infty } \mathrm { e } ^ { - t } u ( t ) \cos t \, \mathrm { e } ^ { - \mathrm { j } \omega t } \mathrm { d } t + \int _ { - \infty } ^ { + \infty } \mathrm { e } ^ { - t } u ( t ) \cos t \, \mathrm { e } ^ { \mathrm { j } \omega t } \mathrm { d } t .$$ + +令 $f_{1}(t)=e^{-t}u(t)\cos t$,$F_{1}(\omega)=\mathscr{F}[f_{1}(t)]$,则 + +$F(\omega) = F_1(\omega) + \overline{F_1(\omega)} = 2\mathrm{Re}\, F_1(\omega).$ + +由例 8.16 可知 + +$F_{1}(\omega) = \frac{1 + j\omega}{(1 + j\omega)^{2} + 1}$ , + +因此,$F(\omega)=2\mathrm{Re}$ $F_{1}(\omega)=2\frac{\omega^{2}+2}{\omega^{4}+4}$。对 $F(\omega)$ 求逆变换有 + +$\begin{aligned}\mathscr{F}^{-1}\left[F(\omega)\right] &=\frac{1}{2 \pi} \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} 2 \frac{\omega^{2}+2}{\omega^{4}+4} e^{\mathrm{j} \omega t} \mathrm{~d} \omega \\ +& =\frac{1}{\pi} \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} \frac{\omega^{2}+2}{\omega^{4}+4}(\cos \omega t+j \sin \omega t) \mathrm{d} \omega \\ &=\frac{1}{\pi} \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} \frac{\omega^{2}+2}{\omega^{4}+4} \cos \omega t \mathrm{~d} \omega=f(t). \end{aligned}$ + +即得 + +$\frac{2}{\pi}\int_{0}^{+\infty}\frac{\omega^{2}+2}{\omega^{4}+4}\cos\omega t\,d\omega=e^{-|t|}\cos t.$ + +例 8.20 已知 $\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} e^{-t^2} dt = \sqrt{\pi}$,求 $f(t) = e^{-t^2}$ 的傅氏变换. + +解 设 $ F(\omega) = \mathcal{F}[f(t)] $,则 + +$F(2\omega)=\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}e^{-t^{2}}e^{-2j\omega t}\,dt=e^{-\omega^{2}}\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}e^{-(t+j\omega)^{2}}dt,$ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00075.md b/markdowns/education_math_00075.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ab71ac8883ea815bca5703c29275bc81df8236cd --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00075.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +人们在处理与分析工程实际中的一些问题时,常常采取某种手段将问题进行转换,从另一个角度进行处理与分析,这就是所谓的变换。为此,变换的目的无非有两个:第一、使问题的性质更清楚,更便于分析问题;第二、使问题的求解更方便,更便于解决问题。但变换不同于化简,它必须是可逆的,即必须有与之匹配的逆变换。由于工程实际中的问题往往是复杂的,因此变换是一种常用的手法。而数学上则更是如此,直角坐标与极坐标之间是一种变换,它使我们能更灵活、更方便地处理一些问题;对数也是一种变换,它能将乘法运算化为加法运算,从而能用来求解一些复杂的代数方程。本章将要介绍的傅里叶(Fourier)变换,则是一种对连续时间函数的积分变换,即通过某种积分运算,把一个函数化为另一个函数,同时还具有对称形式的逆变换。它既能简化计算,如求解微分方程、化卷积为乘积等,又具有非常特殊的物理意义,因而在许多领域被广泛地应用。而在此基础上发展起来的离散傅里叶变换,在当今数字时代更是显得尤为重要。 + +## § 8.1 傅里叶变换的概念 + +在讨论傅里叶变换之前,我们有必要先来回顾一下傅里叶级数展开. + +## § 8.1.1 傅里叶级数 + +1804年,傅里叶首次提出“在有限区间上由任意图形定义的任意函数都可以表示为单纯的正弦与余弦之和”,但并没有给出严格的证明。1829年,由德国数学家狄利克雷(Dirichlet)证明了下面的定理,为傅里叶级数奠定了理论基础。 + +定理 8.1 设 $f_{T}(t)$ 是以 T 为周期的实值函数,且在 $\left[-\frac{T}{2}, \frac{T}{2}\right]$ 上满足狄利克雷条件(简称狄氏条件),即 $f_{T}(t)$ 在 $\left[-\frac{T}{2}, \frac{T}{2}\right]$ 上满足 + +(1) 连续或只有有限个第一类间断点; + +(2) 只有有限个极值点, + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00076.md b/markdowns/education_math_00076.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..25a75effa8aba8078b7b653dc66d60d37d648aef --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00076.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +证 设 $z$ 为 $|z-z_0|< R$ 内任意取定的点, 总有一个圆周 $C: |\zeta - z_0| = r (0< $ $r<R)$,使点z含在C的内部(图4.2).由柯西积分公式,有 + + + +图 4.2 + +$f(z) = \frac{1}{2\pi i} \oint_{c} \frac{f(\zeta)}{\zeta - z} d\zeta.$ $\quad$(4.5) + +由于$\zeta$在$C$上,而$z$在$C$内,所以$\left|\frac{z-z_0}{\zeta-z_0}\right|< 1$,根据例4.1,就有展开式 + +$\frac{1}{\zeta - z} = \frac{1}{(\zeta - z_0) - (z - z_0)} = \frac{1}{\zeta - z_0} \frac{1}{1 - \frac{z - z_0}{\zeta - z_0}}$ + +$$= \frac { 1 } { \zeta - z _ { 0 } } \left[ 1 + \frac { z - z _ { 0 } } { \zeta - z _ { 0 } } + \left( \frac { z - z _ { 0 } } { \zeta - z _ { 0 } } \right) ^ { 2 } + \cdots + \left( \frac { z - z _ { 0 } } { \zeta - z _ { 0 } } \right) ^ { n } + \cdots \right]$$ +$$= \sum _ { n = 0 } ^ { \infty } \frac { 1 } { ( \zeta - z _ { 0 } ) ^ { n + 1 } } ( z - z _ { 0 } ) ^ { n } ,$$ + +将上式代入(4.5)式,有 + +$f(z)=\frac{1}{2 \pi i} \oint_{C}\left[\sum_{n=0}^{N-1} \frac{f(\zeta) \mathrm{d} \zeta}{\left(\zeta-z_{0}\right)^{n+1}}\right]\left(z-z_{0}\right)^{n}+R_{N}(z),$ $\quad(4.6)$ + +其中 + +$$R _ { N } ( z ) = \frac { 1 } { 2 \pi \, \mathrm { i } } \oint _ { C } \left[ \sum _ { n = N } ^ { \infty } \frac { f ( \zeta ) } { ( \zeta - z _ { 0 } ) ^ { n + 1 } } ( z - z _ { 0 } ) ^ { n } \right] \mathrm { d } \zeta .$$ + +下证 $\lim_{N\to\infty}R_N(z)=0$. + +由于$f(z)$在$D$内解析,从而在$C$上连续,因此,存在一个正常数$M$,在$C$上$\mid f(\zeta)\mid\leqslant M$,又由于 + +$\left| \frac{z - z_0}{\zeta - z_0} \right| = \frac{|z - z_0|}{r} = q < 1,$ + +于是有 + +$$ | R_{N}(z) | \leqslant \frac{1}{2\pi} \oint_{C} \left| \sum_{n=N}^{\infty} \frac{f(\zeta)}{(\zeta - z_{0})^{n+1}} (z - z_{0})^{n} \right| |dz| $$ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00077.md b/markdowns/education_math_00077.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..38e27d489e80bbaf2e0ce98536dade9ea6538a8c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00077.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +$d(u,v):=a(u,D^{\gamma}\partial v)-a_{P}(D^{\gamma}u,v)$ +$=\sum_{\substack{|\alpha|\leq m\\ |\beta|\leq m-2}}\int_{\mathbb{R}^{n}}a_{\alpha\beta}(D^{\alpha}u)(D^{\beta+\gamma}\partial v)\,dx$ +$\quad-\sum_{\substack{|\alpha|\leq m\\ |\beta|\leq m-1}}\int_{\mathbb{R}^{n}}[D^{\gamma}(a_{\alpha\beta}D^{\alpha}u)](D^{\beta}\partial v)\,dx$ +$+\sum_{\substack{|\alpha|\leq m\\ |\beta|=m}}\int_{\mathbb{R}^{n}}[(D^{\gamma}\partial a_{\alpha\beta})(D^{\alpha}u(x-\tfrac{h}{2}\mathbf{e}_{i})) \\$ +$\quad+( \partial a_{\alpha\beta}) ( D^{\alpha+\gamma}u(x-\tfrac{h}{2}\mathbf{e}_{i}))\\$ +$\quad+(D^{\gamma}a_{\alpha\beta}(x+\tfrac{h}{2}\mathbf{e}_{i})D^{\alpha}\partial u)\\$ +$\quad+(a_{\alpha\beta}(x+\tfrac{h}{2}\mathbf{e}_{i})-a_{\alpha\beta}(x))D^{\alpha+\gamma}\partial u](D^{\beta}v)\,dx.$ + +As in the first part of the proof, from $|d(u,v)|\leq C_{d}|u|_{m+1}|v|_{m}$ and + +$|(f,D^{\gamma}\partial v)_{0}|\leq|f|_{2-m}|D^{\gamma}\partial v|_{m-2}\leq|f|_{2-m}|v|_{m}$ + +follows + +$|D^{\gamma}\partial_{h,i}u|_m \leq [|f|_{-m+2} + (C_d + C_K)|u|_{m+1}]/C_E$ + +for all $|\gamma|=1$, h>0, $1\leq i\leq n$. Thus, the differences $|\partial_{h,i}u|_{m+1}$ are uniformly bounded so that Lemma 6.2.24 proves $u\in H^{m+2}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ and $|u|_{m+2}\leq C||f|_{-m+2}+|u|_{m+1}$. If one uses the estimate $|u|_{m+1}\leq C||f|_{-m+1}+|u|_{m}\leq C||f|_{-m+2}+|u|_{m}$ proved in (a), (8) follows for k=2. + +(c) An induction argument is carried out analogously for $k \ge 2$. + +Corollary 9.1.4. The coercivity in Theorem 3 can be replaced (a) by the sufficient conditions from Theorem 7.2.11; (b) by the assumption that for some $\lambda$ the bilinear form $a_{P}(u,v)+\lambda(u,v)_{0}$ satisfies the assumption (6.5.4a,b). + +Corollary 9.1.5. If, in addition, $a(\cdot,\cdot)$ is $H^m(\mathbb{R}^n)$-elliptic or if $a(\cdot,\cdot)$ satisfies condition (6.5.4a,b), then in Theorem 3 the estimate (8) should be replaced by + +$|u|_{m+k} \leq C_k |f|_{-m+k}. \quad (9.1.11)$ + +PROOF. By Remark 2. + +Corollary 9.1.6. Let $a(\cdot,\cdot)$ be $H^{m}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$-coercive. Let the conditions (6) and $f \in H^{k-m}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ be satisfied for $k \in N$ with $k > s + n/2 \geq n/2$. Then the weak solution u of (7) belongs to $C^{s}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$. Hence for $s \geq 2m$, the weak solution is also a classical solution. + +PROOF. The statement results from Sobolev’s lemma (Theorem 6.2.30). + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00078.md b/markdowns/education_math_00078.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1e4f59090fca6f3ef9b44ccc18c64e9f868f429b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00078.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +Since (11) holds for all $ f \in H^{-m}(\Omega) $ and $ u = L^{-1}f \left( \operatorname{cf.}(9') \right) $, inequality (11) is equivalent to + +$\|L^{-1}\|_{H_{0}^{m}(\Omega)\to H^{-m}(\Omega)}\leq C:=1/C_{E}.\quad(7.2.11')$ + +The term “variational problem” for (9) goes back to the following statement, inferred from Theorem 6.5.12: + +Theorem 7.2.9. Let $a(\cdot,\cdot)$ be an $H_0^m(\Omega)$-elliptic and symmetric bilinear form. Then (9) is equivalent to the variational problem + +find $u \in H_0^m(\Omega)$, such that $J(u) \leq J(v)$ for all $v \in H_0^m(\Omega)$, $\quad (7.2.12a)$ + +where + +$J(v) := \frac{1}{2} a(v, v) - f(v). \quad (7.2.12b)$ + +Attention. If $a(\cdot,\cdot)$ is either not $H_0^m(\Omega)$-elliptic or not symmetric, Problem (9) remains meaningful although the solution does not minimize the functional $J(u)$. + +Example 7.2.10. The Poisson equation $-\Delta u = f$ in $\Omega$, $u = 0$ on $\Gamma$, leads to $a(u, v) = \int_{\Omega} \langle \nabla u(x), \nabla v(x) \rangle dx$. For a bounded domain $\Omega$, $a(\cdot, \cdot)$ is $H_0^1(\Omega)$-elliptic (cf. Theorem 3), so that for any $f \in H^{-1}(\Omega)$ there exists exactly one (weak) solution $u \in H_0^1(\Omega)$ of the Poisson equation. This is also the solution of the variational problem $\frac{1}{2} \int_{\Omega} |\nabla u|^2 dx - f(u) = \min$. + +A weaker condition than $H_{0}^{m}(\varOmega)$-ellipticity is the $H_{0}^{m}(\varOmega)$-coercivity: +$a(u,u) \geq \epsilon |u|_{m}^{2} - C |u|_{0}^{2}.$ + +Theorem 7.2.11. Let $m = 1$, and let the coefficients $a_{\alpha\beta} \in L^\infty(\Omega)$ satisfy condition (3) of uniform ellipticity. Then $a(\cdot, \cdot)$ is $H_0^1(\Omega)$-coercive. + +PROOF. We write $L$ as $L = L_I + L_{II}$, with $L_I$ satisfying the conditions of Theorem 3, resp. Corollary 4 if $\Omega$ is not bounded, and $L_{II}$ containing only derivatives of order $\leq 1$. Then we can apply the following lemma. + +Lemma 7.2.12. Let $a(\cdot,\cdot)=a'(\cdot,\cdot)+a''(\cdot,\cdot)$ be decomposed such that $a'(\cdot,\cdot)$ is $H_{0}^{m}(\Omega)$-elliptic, or perhaps only $H_{0}^{m}(\Omega)$-coercive, while + +$a''(u,u)=\sum\limits_{\substack{|\alpha|,|\beta|\leq m\\|\alpha|+|\beta|<2m}}\int_{\Omega}a_{\alpha\beta}D^{\alpha}uD^{\beta}u\,dx$ + +with $a_{\alpha\beta} \in L^{\infty}(\Omega)$ contains only derivatives of order $\leq 2m - 1$. Then $a(\cdot, \cdot)$ is also $H_{0}^{m}(\Omega)$-coercive. + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00079.md b/markdowns/education_math_00079.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7e8a7ef42e8f3ed2be514d019e6a8ffcb3278aa9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00079.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +Remark 4.7.2. (a) $L_h$ is symmetric and satisfies the sign condition (3.1a). (b) With lexicographical arrangement of the grid points of $\Omega_h$, $L_h$ has the form + +$$L _ { h } = h ^ { - 2 } \left[ \begin{array} { c c c c c } { { T - I } } & { { - I } } & { { } } & { { } } & { { } } \\ { { - I } } & { { T } } & { { - I } } & { { } } & { { } } \\ { { } } & { { \ddots } } & { { \ddots } } & { { \ddots } } & { { } } \\ { { } } & { { } } & { { - I } } & { { T } } & { { - I } } \\ { { } } & { { } } & { { } } & { { - I } } & { { T - I } } \end{array} \right] ,$$ + +$$T = \left[ \begin{array} { c c c c c } { { 3 } } & { { - 1 } } & { { } } & { { } } & { { } } \\ { { - 1 } } & { { 4 } } & { { - 1 } } & { { } } & { { } } \\ { { } } & { { \ddots } } & { { \ddots } } & { { \ddots } } & { { } } \\ { { } } & { { } } & { { - 1 } } & { { 4 } } & { { - 1 } } \\ { { } } & { { } } & { { } } & { { - 1 } } & { { 3 } } \end{array} \right] .$$ + +The matrix $L_h$ is singular because the system $L_h u_h = q_h$, like the continuous boundary value problem (1), is, in general, not solvable. The analogue of Theorem 3.4.1 reads as follows. + +Theorem 4.7.3. The system of equations (5a) is solvable if and only if + +$-h^2 \sum_{x \in \Omega_h} f(x) = h \sum_{x \in \Gamma'_h} \varphi(x). \quad (4.7.6)$ + +Any two solutions of (5a) can only differ by a constant: $u_h^1 - u_h^2 = c\mathbf{1}, c \in \mathbb{R}$. + +PROOF. Evidently, $L_{h}1=0$ holds, i.e., $\mathbf{1}\in\operatorname{kernel}(L_{h})$. Furthermore, Theorem 4 will then imply $\dim(\operatorname{kernel}(L_{h}))=1$. This proves + +$kernel(L_h) = \{c1: c \in R\} \quad (4.7.7)$ + +and thus the second part of the assertion. (5a) is solvable if and only if the scalar product $\langle v, q_{h}\rangle$ vanishes for all $v \in$ kernel $(L_{h}^{\top}) = \text{range}(L_{h})^{\perp}$. Because of $L_{h}^{T} = L_{h}$ and (7) + +$\langle 1, q_h \rangle = 0 \quad \text{or} \quad \sum_{x \in \Omega_h} q_h(x) = 0 \quad (4.7.6')$ + +is sufficient and necessary. According to Definition (5c), (6) and (6′) agree. + +Let condition (6) be satisfied. System (5a) can be solved as follows. Select an arbitrary $x_0 \in \Omega_h$ and normalise the solution $u_h$ (determined except for one constant) by + +$u_{h}(x_{0})=0.\quad(4.7.8)$ + +Let $\hat{u}_h$ be the vector $u_h$ without the component $u_h(x_0)$. Let $\hat{L}_h$ be the submatrix of $L_h$ in which the row and column with index $x_0$ have been left out. Let $\hat{q}_h$ be constructed likewise. Then + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00080.md b/markdowns/education_math_00080.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7c8afdf16b68a78d42441db09dd617c792922385 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00080.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +## 11.2.2 Qualitative Convergence Results + +This section concerns the question as to whether $\lambda_h \to \lambda$ and $e^h \to e$ for $h \to 0$. The rate of convergence will be discussed in Section 11.2.3. The basic assumptions are the following: + +$Let a(\cdot,\cdot): V \times V \to R be V-coercive, \quad (11.2.2a)$ + +Let $V \subset L^2(\Omega)$ be continuously, densely, and compactly embedded, + (11.2.2b) + +so that the Riesz-Schauder theory is applicable (Theorem 11.1.2). Furthermore, let a sequence of subspaces $V_{h_i}$ ($h_i \to 0$) be given which increasingly approximate $V$ (cf. (8.2.4a)): + +$\lim_{h \to 0} \inf\{\|u - u^h\|_V : u^h \in V_h\} = 0 \quad \text{for all } u \in V.$ $\quad (11.2.2c)$ + +We define + +$a_{\lambda}(\cdot,\cdot):V\times V\to C,\quad a_{\lambda}(u,v):=a(u,v)-\lambda(u,v)_{0},\quad(11.2.3a)$ + +$\omega(\lambda) := \inf_{\substack{u \in V \\ \|u\|_V = 1}} \sup_{\substack{v \in V \\ \|v\|_V = 1}} |a_\lambda(u, v)|, \quad (11.2.3b)$ + +$$\omega_h(\lambda) := \inf_{\substack{u \in V_h \\ \|u\|_V = 1}} \sup_{\substack{v \in V_h \\ \|v\|_V = 1}} |a_\lambda(u, v)|. \tag{11.2.3c}$$ + +Exercise 11.2.4. Let L and $L_{h}$ be the operators associated with $a(\cdot,\cdot):V\times V\to\mathbb{R}$ and $a(\cdot,\cdot):V_{h}\times V_{h}\to\mathbb{R}$ (cf. (8.1.10a)). Show that +(i) If $\lambda$ is not an eigenvalue we have + +$\omega(\lambda)=\|(L-\lambda I)^{-1}\|_{V\leftarrow V^{\prime}}^{-1},\quad\omega_{h}(\lambda)=\|(L_{h}-\lambda I)^{-1}\|_{V_{h}\leftarrow V_{h}^{\prime}}^{-1}\qquad(11.2.4)$ + +(cf. Lemma 6.5.3 and Exercise 8.1.16). + +(ii) $\omega(\lambda)$ and $\omega_h(\lambda)$ are continuous in $\lambda \in \mathbb{C}$. + +(iii) If in (3b,c) one replaces $a_{\lambda}(u,v)$ by $a_{\lambda}(v,u)$ one obtains the variables $\omega^{*}(\lambda)$ and $\omega_{h}^{*}(\lambda)$ which correspond to the adjoint problem. The following holds: $\omega^{*}(\lambda)=\omega(\lambda)$ and $\omega_{h}^{*}(\lambda)=\omega_{h}(\lambda)$. Hint: Use Lemma 6.5.17. + +With the aid of (4) and Theorem 6.5.15 one proves the following connection between $\omega(\lambda)$, $\omega_h(\lambda)$, and the eigenvalue problems. + +Remark 11.2.5. Let $(2a,b)$ hold. $\lambda$ is an eigenvalue of $(1.2a)$ if and only if $\omega(\lambda)=0$, and $\lambda_{h}$ is eigenvalue of $(1a)$ if and only if $\omega_{h}(\lambda_{h})=0$. + +Lemma 11.2.6. Let $a(\cdot,\cdot)$ be V-coercive (cf. (2a)). Then there exists a $\mu\in\mathbb{R}$ such that $a_\mu(\cdot,\cdot)$ is V-elliptic. In addition, then $\omega(\mu)\geq1/C_E$ and $\omega_h(\mu)\geq1/C_E$ hold with $C_E>0$ from Definition 6.5.13. + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00081.md b/markdowns/education_math_00081.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..598055f20f94ab84ebb96011113767a7c1ea6671 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00081.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +For (3b) one needs, for instance, $H^{k+1}$-regularity: For each $f \in H^{k-1}(\Omega)$ the adjoint problem (4.12) has a solution $u \in H^{k+1}(\Omega)$. + +Remark 8.5.2. Under suitable assumptions the inequality (4.20) holds for $1 - k \leq t \leq 1 \leq s \leq k + 1$. For negative t the norm $|\cdot|_{t}$ should be understood as the dual norm of $H^{-t}(\Omega)$. + +## 8.5.2 Finite Elements for Equations of Higher Order + +## 8.5.2.1 Introduction: The One-Dimensional Biharmonic Equation + +All the spaces of finite elements, $V_h$, constructed so far are useless for equations of order $2m > 2$, since $V_h \not\subset H^m(\Omega)$. According to Example 6.2.5, in order to have $V_h \subset H^2(\Omega)$ it is necessary that not only the function $u$ but also its derivatives $u_{x_i}$ change continuously between elements. The ansatz functions must therefore be piecewise smooth and globally in $C^1(\Omega)$. + +As a model problem we introduce the one-dimensional biharmonic equation + +$u''''(x) = g(x)$ for $0 < x < 1$, $u(0) = u'(0) = u(1) = u'(1) = 0$ + +which becomes in its weak formulation + +$a(u,v)=f(v)$ for all $v\in H_0^2(0,1)$, where +$a(u,v)=\int_0^1 u''v''\,dx,\quad f(v)=\int_0^1 gv\,dx.$ $\quad (8.5.4)$ + +Divide the interval $\Omega=(0,1)$ into equal subintervals of length h. Piecewise linear functions (cf. Figure 8.3.1) can be viewed as linear spline functions, so that it is natural to define $V_{h}$ as the space of cubic splines (with $u=u'=0$ for x=0 and x=1) (cf. Stoer [1, §2.4] and Stoer-Bulirsch [1, §2.4]). We can take as basis functions B-splines, whose supports in general consist of four subintervals (cf. Figure 1). Since cubic spline functions belong to $C^{2}(0,1)$, they are not just in $H_{0}^{2}(0,1)$, but even in $H^{3}(0,1)\cap H_{0}^{2}(0,1)$. + + + +Figure 8.5.1. B-spline + +Simpler yet than working with spline functions is to use cubic Hermite interpolation: + +$V_{h}:=\{u\in C^{1}(0,1)\colon u \text{ cubic on each subinterval}$, + +$u(0) = u'(0) = u(1) = u'(1) = 0$. $\quad$ (8.5.5) + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00082.md b/markdowns/education_math_00082.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c9ca869e9ceca0b162e43aea20e28557f3ba6c96 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00082.md @@ -0,0 +1,149 @@ +uniformly, 86, 87, 88, 89, 104, 145, 147, 148, 149, 150, 155, 222, 229, 276, 277 + +V-. See Bilinear form, 248, 256, 280, 285, 289, 293 + +Embedding + +compact, 135, 136, 142, 143, 150, 153, 171, 186, 253, 256 + +continuous, 11$, 131, 133, 134, 136, 137, 141, 143, 171, 185, 253, 256 + +dense, 131, 133, 134, 137, 141, 171, 253, 256 + +Error estimates + +for difference methods, 190, 238, 239 + +for eigenvalue problems, 260, 263, 264 + +for finite element methods, 185, +190, 193, 196, 246, 266, 297, +298 + +for Ritz-Galerkin methods, 167 + +Estimate. See Error estimate, inverse estimate + +Existence. See Solution + +Extension. See Bilinear form, operator + +of a function, 123, 129, 215, 237 +Extrapolation (method), 61, 84 + +Finite elements, 171, 172, 174, 251, 254 + +constant + +(bi)cubic, 182, 194, 195, 196, 296 + +(bi)linear, 172, 174, 175, 178, 179 +182, 183, 185, 190, 194, 199, +204, 246, 247, 252, 295, 296 + +isoparametric, 198, 247 + +mixed, 290, 299 + +nonconformal, 199, 200, 291 + +of the serendipity class, 181, 182, 193 + +quadratic, 181, 182, 193 + +Finite element method, 24 + +Five-point formula, 40, 41, 53, 60, 62, 92, 176, 190, 231 + +Form. See Bilinear form, dual form, sesquilinear form + +Fourier expansion, 9 + +Fourier transform, 110, 119, 120, 124, 125, 126, 135, 213 + +Functional, 132, 140, 146, 152 + +Fundamental solution, 16, 17, 28 + +Galerkin method. See Ritz-Galerkin, Petrov-Galerkin + +Gårding, Theorem of, 150 + +Gel'fand triple, 41, 133, 134, 136, 141, 163, 207, 253 + +Gerschgorin, Theorem of, 46, 48 + +Gradient, 15 + +Green’s formula, 15, 29, 144, 153 + +Green's function of the first kind, +28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 95, 105, +144 + +discrete, 55, 72, 95 + +Green's function of the second kind, 35 + +Grid, 39, 40, 226 + +Grid function, 39, 44 + +Grid points +close to the boundary, 63, 79, 83 +far from the boundary, 42, 63, 79 +neighbouring, 41, 42, 45, 80 + +Grid size (width, step size), 39 + +Harmonic, 13, 15, 16, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 144 + +Harnack, Theorem of, 20 + +Heat equation, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10 + +Helmholtz equation, 147, 154, 208 + +Hilbert space, 110, 114, 115, 117, 122, 132, 134, 279, 289 + +Hölder continuous, 29, 30, 110, 123, 125 + +Hyperbolic, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 248 + +Improperly posed. See Well-posed Inclusion, 135, 136, 142 + +Initial-boundary value problem, 8, +9, 207 + +Initial value problem, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 38 + +Instationary problem, 10, 11 + +Integral equation method, 36, 37 + +Interpolation, 84, 124 +Hermite, 194, 196, 207 +spline, 194, 196, 207 + +Inverse estimate, 206, 227, 240, 293 + +Irreducible, 45, 54 + +Irreducibly diagonally dominant. See Diagonally dominant + +Lagrangian (factor), 184, 290 + +Lamé differential equations, 277 + +Laplace equation (of potential equations), 2, 12 + +Laplace operator, 12, 14, 131, 176 + +Lexicographical ordering. See Ordering + +Lipschitz continuity, 23, 30 + +Map, mapping. See Operator + +Mass matrix, 205 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00083.md b/markdowns/education_math_00083.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43ffb702341a3ec4ecf27b3818a7ef6689257c88 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00083.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +$\|(I-\hat{S}_h)^*\|_{H_*^{2-t}(\Omega)'\leftarrow V'} = \|I-\hat{S}_h\|_{V\leftarrow H_*^{2-t}(\Omega)} \leq C_\beta h^{1-t}.$ + +As in (19d) one shows that $\|I-S_h\|_{H^t(\Omega)\leftarrow V}\leq Ch^{1-t}$. Combining this with $\|I-S_h\|_{V\leftarrow H^s(\Omega)\cap V}\leq Ch^{s-1}$ (cf. (11$^\prime$)) there follows (21), and thus (20). $\blacksquare$ + +For nonlinear boundary value problems, estimates of the errors in terms of other norms (e.g., $L^{\infty}(\Omega)$, $L^{p}(\Omega)$) are of interest. For this we refer to Ciarlet [1. §3.3] and Schatz [1]. + +## 8.5 Generalisations + +## 8.5.1 Error Estimates for Other Elements + +The estimates for the errors for linear functions on triangular elements proved in Section 8.4 are also true for bilinear functions on parallelograms and for combinations of both sorts of elements (cf. Section 8.3.7). The proofs are along analogous lines. Even for tetrahedral elements in a three-dimensional region $\Omega\subset IR^{3}$ the same results can be carried over. For the proof one notices that $u\in H^{2}(\varOmega)$ has well-defined nodal values $u(\mathbf{x}^{t})$ even for $\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^{3}$, since 2>n/2 (n=3, dimension of $\varOmega$; cf. Theorem 6.2.30). + +For quadratic elements (cf. Section 8.3.4) one expects a correspondingly improved order of convergence. In general one can show the following: If the ansatz function is, in each $T_{i} \in \tau$, a polynomial of degree $k \geq 1$ (i.e., $ u(\mathbf{x}) = \sum_{|\nu| \leq k} a_{\nu} \mathbf{x}^{\nu} $ on $T_{i}$), then + +$d(u,V_h)=\inf\{|u-v|_1:v\in V_h\}\le Ch^k|u|_{k+1}\text{ for all }u\in H^{k+1}(\Omega)\cap V\quad(8.5.1)$ + +(cf. Ciarlet [1, Theorem 3.2.1]). If one uses parallelograms as a basis and uses ansatz functions that are polynomials of degree at least k, then (1) also holds. For example, biquadratic elements and quadratic ansatz functions of the serendipity class fulfil this requirement for k=2. The result corresponding to Theorem 8.4.6 follows from Theorem 8.2.1: + +Theorem 8.5.1. Let $V_h$ fulfil (1), and let the bilinear form satisfy (1.2) and (1.12) with $\epsilon_n := \epsilon_h \ge \tilde{\epsilon} > 0$. Assume problem (1.1) has a solution $u \in V \cap H^{k+1}(\Omega)$. Then the finite-element solution $u^h \in V_h$ satisfies the inequality + +$|u - u^h|_1 \leq Ch^k |u|_{k+1}.$ (8.5.2) + +The Ritz projection satisfies $\|I-S_{h}\|_{V\leftarrow H^{k+1}(\Omega)\cap V}\leq Ch^{k}$ + +The estimate (4.9) now holds for $s \in [1, k]$ if $u \in H^s(\Omega) \cap V$. With suitable regularity conditions, there are, as in Theorem 8.4.11, the error estimates + +$|u - u^h|_0 \leq Ch^{k+1}|u|_{k+1}, \quad \text{(8.5.3a)}$ + +$||u-u^{h}||_{H^{k-1}(\Omega^{\prime})}\leq C h^{2k}|u|_{k+1}. \quad \text{(8.5.3b)}$ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00084.md b/markdowns/education_math_00084.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..be5ea003cb8079c6be191599b4edcf59fac0cf8f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00084.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +(b) Conversely, let $u \in H^1(\Omega)$ and $u|_{\Gamma} = 0$. The proof that $u \in H_0^1(\Omega)$ can be divided up as follows: + +(ba) By using the partition of unity over $\{U^i: 0 \le i \le N\}$ (cf. Lemma 37), the statement reduces to the case $\Omega = \mathbb{R}^n_+$. + +(bb) Without loss of generality one can assume $n = 1$: $\Omega = \mathbb{R}_+$. + +(bc) According to Remark 14, for each $\epsilon > 0$ there exists a $\tilde{u}_\epsilon \in C^\infty(\mathbb{R}_+)$ with finite support such that $|u - \tilde{u}_\epsilon|_1 \leq \eta/2$. For each $\eta > 0$ there exists $\varphi_\eta \in C^\infty(\mathbb{R}_+)$ with + +$\varphi_{\eta}(x)=0\quad\text{for }x\leq\eta/2,\quad\varphi_{\eta}(x)=1\quad\text{for }x\geq\eta,$ + +$|\varphi_{\eta}'(x)| \leq 3/\eta, \quad 0 \leq \varphi_{\eta}(x) \leq 1.$ + +The function $ u_{\epsilon} := \tilde{u}_{\epsilon} - (1 - \varphi_{1})\tilde{u}_{\epsilon}(0) $ satisfies $ u_{\epsilon} \in C^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}_{+}) $, $ u_{\epsilon}(0) = 0 $, $ \text{supp}(u_{\epsilon}) $ finite, and $ |u - u_{\epsilon}|_{1} \leq C \epsilon $. Thus $ X := \{ v \in C^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}_{+}) : v(0) = 0 $, $ \text{supp}(v) $ finite is dense in $ \{ u \in H^{1}(\mathbb{R}_{+}) : u(0) = 0 \} $. + +(bd) The statement would be proved if $C_0^\infty(\mathbb{R}_+)$ were also dense in $X$ with respect to $|\cdot|_1$. Let $v\in X$. Evidently, $v_\eta:=\varphi_\eta v\in C_0^\infty(\mathbb{R}_+)$ holds for all $\eta>0$. Set $\Theta(\eta):=\|v'\|_{L^2(0,\eta)}$ and note that $\Theta(\eta)\to 0$ for $\eta\to 0$. Since $v(x)=v_\eta(x)$ for $x\geq \eta$, it remains to estimate the variables $\|v-v_\eta\|_{L^2(0,\eta)}$ and $\|v'-v_\eta'\|_{L^2(0,\eta)}$. Because of $v_\eta'-v'=\varphi_\eta'v+(\varphi_\eta-1)v'$, one obtains + +$\|v_{\eta}^{\prime}-v^{\prime}\|_{L^{2}(0,\eta)}\leq\|\varphi_{n}^{\prime}\|_{L^{\infty}(0,\eta)}\|v\|_{L^{2}(0,\eta)}+\|\varphi_{n}-1\|_{L^{\infty}(0,\eta)}\|v^{\prime}\|_{L^{2}(0,\eta)}$ +$\leq(3/\eta)\|v\|_{L^{2}(0,\eta)}+\Theta(\eta).$ + +Since $v(x) = \int_0^x v'(\xi)\,d\xi$, (5b) implies the estimate $|v(x)| \leq \sqrt{\eta}\Theta(\eta)$ for all $0 \leq x \leq \eta$, and hence $\|v\|_{L^2(0,\eta)} \leq \eta\Theta(\eta)$. Then the statement follows from $|v - v_n|_1^2 \leq \|v - v_n\|_{L^2(0,\eta)}^2 + \|v' - v_n'\|_{L^2(0,\eta)}^2 \leq C\Theta^2(\eta) \to 0$.$\quad\blacksquare$ + +When $\Omega \in C^1$, the normal direction $\mathbf{n}$ exists at all boundary points. Analogously to Theorem 42 one proves + +Corollary 6.2.43. For $\Omega \in C^1$ and $k \in \mathbb{N}$ holds + +$H_0^k(\Omega) = \{u \in H^k(\Omega): \partial^l u/\partial n^l|_\Gamma = 0 \text{ for } 0 \leq l \leq k-1\}$ +$= \{u \in H^k(\Omega): D^\alpha u|_\Gamma = 0 \text{ for } 0 \leq |\alpha| \leq k-1\}.$ + +## 6.3 Dual Spaces + +## 6.3.1 Dual Space of a Normed Space + +Let $X$ be a normed, linear space over $\mathbb{R}$. As a dual space, $X'$ denotes the space of all bounded, linear mappings of $X$ onto $\mathbb{R}$: + +$X' := L(X, \mathbb{R}).$ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00085.md b/markdowns/education_math_00085.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4f30b8efc75de39f39177c7eaa0a189bdaa7b0f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00085.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +## 矩阵与方程组 + + + +求解线性方程组或许是数学问题中最重要的问题.超过75%的科学研究和工程应用中的数学问题,在某个阶段都涉及求解线性方程组.利用新的数学方法,通常可将较为复杂的问题化为线性方程组.线性方程组广泛应用于商业、经济学、社会学、生态学、人口统计学、遗传学、电子学、工程学以及物理学等领域.因此,本书从讨论线性方程组开始应当是合适的. + +## 1.1 线性方程组 + +形如 + +$a_1x_1 + a_2x_2 + \cdots + a_nx_n = b$ + +的方程称为含有 $n$ 个未知量的线性方程,其中 $a_1$,$a_2$,$\cdots$,$a_n$ 和 $b$ 为实数,$x_1$,$x_2$,$\cdots$,$x_n$ 称为变量. 含有 $m$ 个方程和 $n$ 个未知量的线性方程组定义为 + +$$a_{11}x_{1} + a_{12}x_{2} + \cdots + a_{1n}x_{n} = b_{1} \\ +a_{21}x_{1} + a_{22}x_{2} + \cdots + a_{2n}x_{n} = b_{2} \\ +\vdots \\ +a_{m1}x_{1} + a_{m2}x_{2} + \cdots + a_{mn}x_{n} = b_{m} \tag{1}$$ + +其中 $a_{ij}$ 及 $b_{i}$ 均为实数。(1)称为 $m \times n$ 的线性方程组。下面是几个线性方程组的例子: + +(a)$x_{1}+2x_{2}=5$ + +$2x_{1} + 3x_{2} = 8$ + +(b)$x_{1}-x_{2}+x_{3}=2$ + +$2x_1 + x_2 - x_3 = 4$ + +(c) $x_1 + x_2 = 2$ + +$x_{1}-x_{2}=1$ + +$x_1 = 4$ + +方程组(a)称为 $2 \times 2$ 的方程组,(b)称为 $2 \times 3$ 的方程组,(c)称为 $3 \times 2$ 的方程组. + +若有序 $n$ 元组 $(x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_n)$ 满足方程组中的所有方程,则称其为 $m \times n$ 的方程组的解.例如,有序数对 $(1, 2)$ 为方程组 (a) 的解,因为 + +$1\cdot(1)+2\cdot(2)=5$ + +$2\cdot(1)+3\cdot(2)=8$ + +有序三元组(2,0,0)为方程组(b)的解,因为 diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00086.md b/markdowns/education_math_00086.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4c0dd5e00ce469e9773fba2e55288604dd40e6ea --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00086.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +这和 $x_1, \cdots, x_r$ 线性无关矛盾. 因此, $r$ 必等于 $k$. + +定义 若存在一个非奇异的矩阵 $X$ 和一个对角矩阵 $D$,使得 $n \times n$ 矩阵 $A$ 满足 + +$X^{-1}AX = D$ + +则称 $A$ 为可对角化的(diagonalizable). 称 $X$ 将 $A$ 对角化(diagonalize). + +定理 6.3.2 一个 $n \times n$ 矩阵 $A$ 是可对角化的,当且仅当 $A$ 有 $n$ 个线性无关的特征向量。 + +证 假设矩阵 $A$ 有 $n$ 个线性无关的特征向量 $x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_n$. 对每一个 $i$, 令 $\lambda_i$ 为 $A$ 的对应于 $x_i$ 的特征值. (某些 $\lambda_i$ 可能相等.) 令 $X$ 为一个矩阵, 对 $j=1, \cdots, n$, 其第 $j$ 列向量为 $x_j$. 由此可得, $Ax_j = \lambda_j x_j$, 为 $AX$ 的第 $j$ 个列向量. 因此 + +$$ +\begin{aligned} +A X & = \left( A x_{1}, A x_{2}, \cdots, A x_{n} \right) \\ +& = \left( \lambda_{1} x_{1}, \lambda_{2} x_{2}, \cdots, \lambda_{n} x_{n} \right) \\ +& = \left( x_{1}, x_{2}, \cdots, x_{n} \right) +\begin{bmatrix} +\lambda_{1} & & & \\ +& \lambda_{2} & & \\ +& & \ddots & \\ +& & & \lambda_{n} +\end{bmatrix} \\ +& = X D +\end{aligned} +$$ + +由于 $X$ 有 $n$ 个线性无关的列向量,可得 $X$ 为非奇异的,因此 + +$D = X^{-1} X D = X^{-1} A X$ + +反之,假设 $A$ 为可对角化的,则存在一个非奇异矩阵 $X$,使得 $AX = XD$。若 $x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_n$ 为 $X$ 的列向量,则对每一 $j$, + +$Ax_j = \lambda_j x_j \qquad (\lambda_j = d_{ij})$ + +因此,对每一 $j$,$\lambda_j$ 为 $A$ 的特征值,且 $x_j$ 为 $A$ 的属于 $\lambda_j$ 的特征向量.由于 $X$ 的列向量是线性无关的,因此 $A$ 有 $n$ 个线性无关的特征向量. + +注 1. 若 A 为可对角化的,则对角化矩阵 X 的列向量为 A 的特征向量,且 D 的对角元素为 A 相应的特征值. + +2. 对角化矩阵 X 不是唯一的。把给定对角化矩阵 X 的各列重新排列,或将它们乘以一个非零标量,将得到一个新的对角化矩阵。 + +3. 若 $A$ 为 $n \times n$ 的,且 $A$ 有 $n$ 个不同的特征值,则 $A$ 可对角化. 若特征值不全相异,则 $A$ 是否可以对角化取决于 $A$ 是否有 $n$ 个线性无关的特征向量. + +4. 若 $A$ 为可对角化的, 则 $A$ 可分解为乘积 $XDX^{-1}$. + +从注 4 中可得 + +$A^2 = (XDX^{-1})(XDX^{-1}) = XD^2X^{-1}$ + +且一般地, + +$A^k = XD^kX^{-1}$ +$\\\quad= X \begin{bmatrix} (\lambda_1)^k & & & \\ & (\lambda_2)^k & & \\ & & \ddots & \\ & & & (\lambda_n)^k \end{bmatrix} X^{-1}$ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00087.md b/markdowns/education_math_00087.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65fc83097480e8445248f0a2afb3b0e256fd0786 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00087.md @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +Modeling and Text Retrieval, SIAM, Philadelphia, 1999. + +2. Langville, Amy N., and Carl D. Meyer, Google’s PageRank and Beyond: The Science of Search Engine Rankings, Princeton University Press, 2012. + +## 1.3 节练习 + +1. 设 + +$A = \begin{bmatrix}{{{3}}}&{{{1}}}&{{{4}}} \\{{{-2}}}&{{{0}}}&{{{1}}} \\{{{1}}}&{{{2}}}&{{{2}}}\end{bmatrix} \quad 和 \quad B = \begin{bmatrix}{{{1}}}&{{{0}}}&{{{2}}} \\{{{-3}}}&{{{1}}}&{{{1}}} \\{{{2}}}&{{{-4}}}&{{{1}}}\end{bmatrix}$ + +求: + +(a) $2A$ + +(b)$A+B$ + +(c) $2A - 3B$ + +(d)$(2A)^{\mathrm{T}}-(3B)^{\mathrm{T}}$ + +(e) $AB$ + +(f)BA + +$(g)A^{\mathrm{T}}B^{\mathrm{T}}$ + +(h)$(BA)^{\mathrm{T}}$ + +2. 对下列每一对矩阵,确定是否可以用第一个矩阵乘以第二个矩阵,如果可以,求它们的乘积. + +(a)$\begin{bmatrix}3&5&1\\ -2&0&2\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}2&1\\ 1&3\\ 4&1\end{bmatrix}$ + +(b)$\begin{bmatrix}4&-2\\ 6&-4\\ 8&-6\end{bmatrix}$ $\begin{bmatrix}1&2&3\end{bmatrix}$ + +(c)$\begin{bmatrix}1&4&3\\ 0&1&4\\ 0&0&2\end{bmatrix}$ $\begin{bmatrix}3&2\\ 1&1\\ 4&5\end{bmatrix}$ + +(d)$\begin{bmatrix}4&6\\ 2&1\end{bmatrix}$ $\begin{bmatrix}3&1&5\\ 4&1&6\end{bmatrix}$ + +(e)$\begin{bmatrix}4&6&1\\ 2&1&1\end{bmatrix}$ $\begin{bmatrix}3&1&5\\ 4&1&6\end{bmatrix}$ + +(f)$\begin{bmatrix}2\\-1\\3\end{bmatrix}$$\begin{bmatrix}3&2&4&5\end{bmatrix}$ + +3. 对练习 2 中的每一对矩阵,是否可以用第二个矩阵乘以第一个矩阵?它们的乘积的维数是多少? +4. 将下列方程组写为矩阵方程的形式。 + +(a) $3x_1 + 2x_2 = 1$ + +$2x_1 - 3x_2 = 5$ + +(b) $x_1 + x_2 = 5$ + +$2x_1 + x_2 - x_3 = 6$ + +$3x_1 - 2x_2 + 2x_3 = 7$ + +(c) $2x_1 + x_2 + x_3 = 4$ + +$x_1 - x_2 + 2x_3 = 2$ + +$3x_1 - 2x_2 - x_3 = 0$ + +5. 设 + +$A = \begin{bmatrix} 3 & 4 \\ 1 & 1 \\ 2 & 7 \end{bmatrix}$ + +验证: + +(a)$5A=3A+2A$ + +(b)$6A=3(2A)$ + +(c) $(A^T)^T = A$ + +6. 设 + +$A=\begin{bmatrix}{{{4}}}&{{{1}}}&{{{6}}} \\{{{2}}}&{{{3}}}&{{{5}}}\end{bmatrix}\quad及\quad B=\begin{bmatrix}{{{1}}}&{{{3}}}&{{{0}}} \\{{{-2}}}&{{{2}}}&{{{-4}}}\end{bmatrix}$ + +验证: + +(a)$A+B=B+A$ + +(b)$3(A+B)=3A+3B$ + +(c)$(A+B)^{\mathrm{T}}=A^{\mathrm{T}}+B^{\mathrm{T}}$ + +7. 设 + +$A = \begin{bmatrix}{{{2}}}&{{{1}}} \\{{{6}}}&{{{3}}} \\{{{-2}}}&{{{4}}}\end{bmatrix} \quad 及 \quad B = \begin{bmatrix}{{{2}}}&{{{4}}} \\{{{1}}}&{{{6}}}\end{bmatrix}$ + +验证: + +(a) $3(AB) = (3A)B = A(3B)$ + +(b)$(AB)^{\top}=B^{\top}A^{\top}$ + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00088.md b/markdowns/education_math_00088.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b1277d325170cb21c4b85a5224b60566d93971ac --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00088.md @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +时,最小二乘问题将有无穷多解. 下面的定理说明 $A^+b$ 不仅是一个解,而且也是相应于 2-范数的最小解. + +定理 7.7.1 若 A 是一个秩为 r < n 的 $m \times n$ 矩阵,其奇异值分解为 $U \Sigma V^{T}$,则向量 + +$x = A^+ b = V \Sigma^+ U^\top b$ + +最小化 $\| b - Ax \|_2^2$。此外,若 $z$ 为任何其他使得 $\| b - Ax \|_2^2$ 最小化的向量,则 $\| z \|_2 > \| x \|_2$。 + +证 令 x 为 $R^{n}$ 中的一个向量,并定义 + +$c = U^{T} b = \begin{bmatrix} c_{1} \\ c_{2} \end{bmatrix} \quad 和 \quad y = V^{T} x = \begin{bmatrix} y_{1} \\ y_{2} \end{bmatrix}$ + +其中 $c_{1}$ 和 $y_{1}$ 为 $R^{r}$ 中的向量.由于 $U^{T}$ 是正交的,可得 + +$$ +\begin{aligned} +\| \mathbf { b } - A \mathbf { x } \| _ { 2 } ^ { 2 } & = \| U ^ { \mathrm { T } } \mathbf { b } - \Sigma ( V ^ { \mathrm { T } } \mathbf { x } ) \| _ { 2 } ^ { 2 } \\ +& = \| \mathbf { c } - \Sigma \mathbf { y } \| _ { 2 } ^ { 2 } \\ +& = \left\| \left[ \begin{array} { l } { { \mathbf { c } _ { 1 } } } \\ { { \mathbf { c } _ { 2 } } } \end{array} \right] - \left[ \begin{array} { l l } { { \Sigma _ { 1 } } } & { { O } } \\ { { O } } & { { O } } \end{array} \right] \left[ \begin{array} { l } { { \mathbf { y } _ { 1 } } } \\ { { \mathbf { y } _ { 2 } } } \end{array} \right] \right\| _ { 2 } ^ { 2 } \\ +& = \left\| \left[ \begin{array} { l } { { \mathbf { c } _ { 1 } - \Sigma _ { 1 } \mathbf { y } _ { 1 } } } \\ { { \mathbf { c } _ { 2 } } } \end{array} \right] \right\| _ { 2 } ^ { 2 } \\ +& = \| \mathbf { c } _ { 1 } - \Sigma _ { 1 } \mathbf { y } _ { 1 } \| _ { 2 } ^ { 2 } + \| \mathbf { c } _ { 2 } \| _ { 2 } ^ { 2 } +\end{aligned} +$$ + +由于 $c_2$ 和 $x$ 线性无关,可得 $\| b - Ax \|^2$ 取得最小值的充要条件为 + +$\| c_1 - \Sigma_1 y_1 \| = 0$ + +因此 $x$ 为最小二乘问题的解的充要条件是 $x = Vy$,其中 $y$ 为一个向量,形如 + +$\begin{bmatrix} \Sigma_1^{-1} c_1 \\ y_2 \end{bmatrix}$ + +特别地, + +$$\begin{aligned} \boldsymbol { x } & = V \left[ \begin{array} { c } { { \Sigma _ { 1 } ^ { - 1 } \boldsymbol { c } _ { 1 } } } \\ { { \boldsymbol { 0 } } } \end{array} \right] \\ & = V \left[ \begin{array} { l l } { { \Sigma _ { 1 } ^ { - 1 } } } & { { O } } \\ { { O } } & { { O } } \end{array} \right] \left[ \begin{array} { c } { { \boldsymbol { c } _ { 1 } } } \\ { { \boldsymbol { c } _ { 2 } } } \end{array} \right] \\ & = V \Sigma ^ { + } U ^ { \mathrm { T } } \boldsymbol { b } \\ & = A ^ { + } \boldsymbol { b } \end{aligned}$$ + +是一个解.若 $z$ 为任何其他的解,则 $z$ 必形如 + +$z = V y = V \begin{bmatrix} \Sigma_{1}^{-1} c_{1} \\ y_{2} \end{bmatrix}$ + +其中 $y_2 \neq 0$. 由此可得 + +$\| \mathbf{z} \|^{2} = \| \mathbf{y} \|^{2} = \| \Sigma_{1}^{-1} \mathbf{c}_{1} \|^{2} + \| \mathbf{y}_{2} \|^{2} > \| \Sigma_{1}^{-1} \mathbf{c}_{1} \|^{2} = \| \mathbf{x} \|^{2}$ + +若 A 的奇异值分解 $U \Sigma V^{T}$ 是已知的,则求最小二乘问题的解是一个简单的问题。若 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00089.md b/markdowns/education_math_00089.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d49a59a9e3d800b79f5ca1a4dfa525ad76aad871 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00089.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +$$Q = \begin{bmatrix} 0.000 & 0.594 & 0.327 & 0.000 & 0.100 & 0.000 & 0.147 & 0.154 \\ 0.000 & 0.000 & 0.000 & 0.000 & 0.000 & 0.500 & 0.442 & 0.309 \\ 0.539 & 0.396 & 0.436 & 0.574 & 0.400 & 0.000 & 0.442 & 0.463 \\ 0.647 & 0.495 & 0.327 & 0.344 & 0.400 & 0.400 & 0.442 & 0.309 \\ 0.000 & 0.000 & 0.000 & 0.000 & 0.300 & 0.000 & 0.590 & 0.463 \\ 0.000 & 0.000 & 0.000 & 0.000 & 0.400 & 0.600 & 0.000 & 0.309 \\ 0.000 & 0.000 & 0.546 & 0.229 & 0.300 & 0.300 & 0.000 & 0.154 \\ 0.539 & 0.297 & 0.327 & 0.229 & 0.400 & 0.200 & 0.147 & 0.154 \\ 0.000 & 0.000 & 0.000 & 0.574 & 0.100 & 0.300 & 0.147 & 0.000 \\ 0.000 & 0.396 & 0.436 & 0.344 & 0.400 & 0.100 & 0.000 & 0.463 \end{bmatrix}, \quad x = \begin{bmatrix} 0.000 \\ 0.000 \\ 0.000 \\ 0.000 \\ 0.000 \\ 0.577 \\ 0.577 \\ 0.000 \\ 0.000 \\ 0.577 \end{bmatrix}$$ + +若令 $y = Q^{\top} x$,则 + +$y_i = q_i^\top x = \cos\theta_i$ + +其中 $\theta_{i}$ 为单位向量 x 和 $q_{i}$ 之间的夹角.对我们的例子, + +$\boldsymbol{y}=(0.000,0.229,0.567,0.331,0.635,0.577,0.000,0.535)^{\mathrm{T}}$ + +由于 $y_5 = 0.635$ 为 $y$ 中最接近 1 的元素,这说明搜索向量 $x$ 最接近 $q_5$ 的方向,因此,模块 5 是最匹配搜索标准的一个。接下来最好的匹配为模块 6($y_6 = 0.577$)和 3($y_3 = 0.567$)。若一个文档不包含任何搜索单词,则对应的数据库矩阵的列向量将与搜索向量正交。注意到,模块 1 和 7 不包含三个搜索关键字中的任何一个,因此有 + +$y_1 = q_1^{\mathrm{T}} x = 0$ 和 $y_7 = q_7^{\mathrm{T}} x = 0$ + +这个例子说明了一些数据库搜索的基本思想.利用现代矩阵方法,可以将搜索过程显著改进.我们可以加快搜索速度,并同时纠正由于多义词和同义词而出现的错误.这些新的技术称为潜语义索引(latent semantic indexing,LSI),它依赖于矩阵分解,奇异值分解(singular value decomposition),这方面的内容将在6.5节中讨论. + +还有很多涉及向量间夹角的重要应用.特别地,统计学家用两个向量间夹角的余弦来衡量两个向量之间的相关程度. + +## 应用 2:统计学——相关矩阵和协方差矩阵 + +假设我们要计算一个班级的考试成绩和作业成绩之间的相关程度。作为一个例子,我们考虑马萨诸塞大学达特茅斯分校一个数学班的作业成绩和考试成绩。该班整个学期的作业成绩在表2的第二列中给出,第三列为整个学期两次测验的总成绩,最后一列为期末考试成绩。对每种情况,最好成绩均为200分。最后一行为班级平均分的汇总。 + +表 2 1996 年秋数学成绩 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
学 生成 绩
作业测验期末
S1198200196
S2160165165
S3158158133
+ diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00090.md b/markdowns/education_math_00090.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..041b91b83e01dd16c02461edc53cf4c8d3a03533 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00090.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +列向量,为区分行向量和列向量,在字母上面加上一水平箭头表示行向量. 也就是说,水平箭头表示水平数组(行向量)而不是垂直数组(列向量). + +例如, + +$\vec{x} = (x_{1}, x_{2}, x_{3}, x_{4}), \boldsymbol{y} = \begin{bmatrix} y_{1} \\ y_{2} \\ y_{3} \\ y_{4} \end{bmatrix}$ + +分别是有 4 项的行向量和列向量. + +给定一个 $m \times n$ 矩阵 $A$,经常会使用它的特定行或列。$A$ 的第 $j$ 个列向量的标准记号为 $a_j$。矩阵 $A$ 的第 $i$ 个行向量没有通用的标准记号。本书中,由于使用水平箭头表示行向量,我们将 $A$ 的第 $i$ 个行向量记为 $\vec{a}_i$。 + +设 $A$ 为一 $m \times n$ 矩阵,则 $A$ 的行向量为 + +$\vec{a}_{i}=(a_{i1},a_{i2},\cdots,a_{in}),\quad i=1,\cdots,m$ + +同时,列向量表示为 + +$a_{j}=\begin{bmatrix}a_{1j}\\a_{2j}\\\vdots\\a_{mj}\end{bmatrix},\quad j=1,\cdots,n$ + +矩阵 A 可以用它的列向量或者行向量表示. + +$A = (a_{1}, a_{2}, \cdots, a_{n}) \quad 或 \quad A = \begin{bmatrix} \vec{a}_{1} \\ \vec{a}_{2} \\ \vdots \\ \vec{a}_{m} \end{bmatrix}$ + +类似地,如果 $B$ 为一 $n \times r$ 矩阵,则 + +$B=(b_1,\ {b}_2,\ \cdots,\ {b}_r)=\begin{bmatrix} \vec{b}_1 \\ \vec{b}_2 \\ \vdots \\ \vec{b}_n \end{bmatrix}$ + +▶例 1 如果 + +$A=\begin{bmatrix}3&2&5\\ -1&8&4\end{bmatrix}$ + +则 + +$\boldsymbol{a}_{1}=\begin{bmatrix}3\\-1\end{bmatrix},\boldsymbol{a}_{2}=\begin{bmatrix}2\\8\end{bmatrix},\boldsymbol{a}_{3}=\begin{bmatrix}5\\4\end{bmatrix}$ + +$\vec{a}_1 = (3,2,5), \vec{a}_2 = (-1,8,4)$ + +## 相等 + +若两个矩阵相等,则它们的维数以及它们对应的元素必相等. + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00091.md b/markdowns/education_math_00091.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6f19f2bc21ef861e301d9ebe0b6f34dbcfbe874c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00091.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +$m \times n$ 的方程组与此类似. $m \times n$ 的方程组可能相容,也可能不相容. 如果它们相容,则方程组只能是有且只有一个解,或有无穷多个解. 事实上,这就是所有的可能性. 其原因将在 1.2 节中学习行阶梯形方程组时予以讲解. 下面关注的问题是求所给方程组的所有解. 为处理这个问题,首先引入等价方程组(equivalent systems)的概念. + +## 等价方程组 + +考虑两个方程组 + +(a)$3x_{1}+2x_{2}-x_{3}=-2$ + +$x_2 = 3$ + +$2x_3 = 4$ + +(b) $3x_{1}+2x_{2}-x_{3}=-2$ + +$-3x_1 - x_2 + x_3 = 5$ + +$3x_1 + 2x_2 + x_3 = 2$ + +显然,方程组(a)容易求解.因为,由后两个方程容易得到$x_{2}=3$ 和$x_{3}=2$.将这些值代入第一个方程,可得 + +$3x_1 + 2 \cdot 3 - 2 = -2$ + +$x_1 = -2$ + +于是,方程组(a)的解为$(-2,3,2)$。求解方程组(b)似乎不是很容易。其实,方程组(b)与方程组(a)有相同的解。为看清这一点,首先将其前两个方程相加: + +$3x_1 + 2x_2 - x_3 = -2$ + +$\frac{-3x_{1}-x_{2}+x_{3}=5}{x_{2}=3}$ + +若$(x_1, x_2, x_3)$为(b)的解,则它必满足方程组中的所有方程.因此,它必然满足任意两个方程相加后得到的新方程.因此,$x_2$必为3.类似地,$(x_1, x_2, x_3)$必满足第三个方程减去第一个方程后得到的新方程: + +$3x_1 + 2x_2 + x_3 = 2$ + +$\frac{3x_{1}+2x_{2}-x_{3}=-2}{2x_{3}=4}$ + +因此,方程组(b)的解必为方程组(a)的解. 通过类似的讨论,可以证明方程组(a)的解也是方程组(b)的解. 由(a)中的第二个方程减去第一个方程得 + +$x_{2}=3$ + +$\frac{3x_{1}+2x_{2}-x_{3}=-2}{-3x_{1}-x_{2}+x_{3}=5}$ + +然后,将其第一个方程与第三个方程相加: + +$3x_1 + 2x_2 - x_3 = -2$ + +$\frac{2x_3 = 4}{3x_1 + 2x_2 + x_3 = 2}$ + +因此,$(x_1, x_2, x_3)$为(b)的解的充要条件是,它是方程组(a)的解. 即方程组(a)和方程组(b)有相同的解集$\{(-2, 3, 2)\}$. + +定义 若两个含有相同变量的方程组具有相同的解集,则称它们是等价的(equivalent). + +显然,交换方程组中任意两个方程的位置,不会影响方程组的解集.重新排列后的 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00092.md b/markdowns/education_math_00092.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..64b1f53c522eca142badb4a0414ecec5558977c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00092.md @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +$\Sigma^{+}=\left[\begin{array}{c|c} \Sigma_{1}^{-1} & O \\ \hline O & O \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccc|c} \frac{1}{\sigma_{1}} & & & \\ & \ddots & & O \\ & & \frac{1}{\sigma_{r}} & \\ \hline & O & & O \end{array}\right]$ + +方程(1)给出了一个矩阵逆的自然推广。(1)定义的矩阵$A^{+}$称为A的伪逆(pseudoinverse). + +还可利用它的代数性质定义 $A^+$。这些性质在下列四个条件中给出. + +## 彭罗斯条件 + +1. $AXA = A$ + +2. $XAX = X$ + +3.$(AX)^{\mathrm{T}}=AX$ + +4.$(XA)^{\mathrm{T}}=XA$ + +若 $A$ 为一 $m \times n$ 矩阵,则必存在一个唯一的 $n \times m$ 矩阵 $X$ 满足这些条件.事实上,若令 $X = A^+ = V\Sigma^+U^\mathrm{T}$,则容易验证 $X$ 满足所有四个条件,这留给读者作为练习.为证明唯一性,假设 $Y$ 也满足彭罗斯条件.通过使用这些条件,可得 + +$X = XAX \quad (2) \\ +\quad= A^{T} X^{T} X \quad (4) \\ +\quad= (AYA)^{T} X^{T} X \quad (1) \\ +\quad= (A^{T} Y^{T})(A^{T} X^{T}) X \\ +\quad= YAXAX \quad (4) \\ +\quad= YAX \quad (1)$ + +$Y = YAY \quad (2) \\ +\quad= YY^{\mathrm{T}} A^{\mathrm{T}} \quad (3) \\ +\quad= YY^{\mathrm{T}} (AXA)^{\mathrm{T}} \quad (1) \\ +\quad= Y (Y^{\mathrm{T}} A^{\mathrm{T}}) (X^{\mathrm{T}} A^{\mathrm{T}}) \\ +\quad= YAYAX \quad (3) \\ +\quad= YAX \quad (1)$ + +于是,X=Y.因此$A^{+}$为满足这四个条件的唯一矩阵.这些条件通常用于定义伪逆,且$A^{+}$通常称为穆尔-彭罗斯伪逆(Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse). + +为看到伪逆如何用于求解最小二乘问题, 首先考虑 $A$ 是一个秩为 $n$ 的 $m\times n$ 矩阵的情形. 因此, $\Sigma$ 形如 + +$\Sigma=\begin{bmatrix}\Sigma_{1}\\ O\end{bmatrix}$ + +其中 $\Sigma_1$ 为一个非奇异 $n \times n$ 对角矩阵. 矩阵 $A^T A$ 为非奇异的, 且 + +$(A^T A)^{-1} = V(\Sigma^T \Sigma)^{-1} V^T$ + +正规方程的解为 + +$x = (A^T A)^{-1} A^T b$ +$\\\quad= V(\Sigma^T \Sigma)^{-1} V^T V \Sigma^T U^T b$ +$\\\quad= V(\Sigma^T \Sigma)^{-1} \Sigma^T U^T b$ +$\\\quad= V \Sigma^+ U^T b$ +$\\\quad= A^+ b$ + +因此,若 A 为满秩的,则 $A^{+}b$ 为最小二乘问题的解。若 A 的秩 r0$,使得 + +$\left|f(x)-f(y)\right|\leqslant M\left|x-y\right|\quad(a\leqslant x,y\leqslant b).$ + +由此知对$a,b$的任一分划$\Delta:a=x_{0}< x_{1}<\cdots< x_{n}=b$,均有 + +$v_{\Delta} = \sum_{i=1}^{n} |f(x_{i}) - f(x_{i-1})| \leqslant M \sum_{i=1}^{n} |x_{i} - x_{i-1}| = M (b-a).$ + +这说明 $\bigvee_a^b(f)\leqslant M(b-a)$. + +(7)由题设知存在 $M>0$,使得 + +$|f(x) - f(y)| \leqslant M |x - y| \quad (-\infty < x, y < +\infty).$ + +从而对$[a,b]$的任一分划 $\Delta$: $a=x_0< x_1<\cdots< x_n=b$, 我们有 + +$$\begin{aligned} v_{ \Delta } & = \sum _ { i = 1 } ^ { n } | \varphi ( f ( x _ { i } ) ) - \varphi ( f ( x _ { i - 1 } ) ) | \leqslant \sum _ { i = 1 } ^ { n } M \, | f ( x _ { i } ) - f ( x _ { i - 1 } ) | \\ & = M \sum _ { i = 1 } ^ { n } | f ( x _ { i } ) - f ( x _ { i - 1 } ) | \leqslant M \bigvee _ { a } ^ { b } ( f ) . \end{aligned}$$ + +例 3 试证明下列命题: + +(1) 若 $f \in \mathrm{BV}([a, b])$,则 $f(x)$ 几乎处处可微,且 + +$\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\left( \bigvee_a^x (f) \right) = |f'(x)|, \quad \text{a.\,e.} \, x \in [a,b].$ + +(2) 若 $f \in BV([a,b])$,则(弧长) $l_f \geq \int_a^b \sqrt{1 + [f'(x)]^2} \, dx$. + +证明 (1)(i)根据全变差的定义可知,对任给 $\varepsilon > 0$,存在分划 + +$\Delta: a = x_0 < x_1 < \cdots < x_k = b,$ diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00096.md b/markdowns/education_math_00096.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c249ae2387ec0f9673916c0de9f56733bb97d130 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00096.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +## § 2.2 可测集与测度 + +例 1 试证明下列命题: + +(1)设 $E \subset R, 0 \neq \lambda \in R$ 。记 $\lambda E = \{\lambda x : x \in E\}$ 。若 $E \in \mathscr{M}$ ,则 $\lambda E \in \mathscr{M}$ 。 + +(2)设 $E \subset R^{n}$. 若存在 $R^{n}$ 中可测集 A,使得 $m^{*}(E \triangle A) = 0$,则 $E \in M$,且有 $m(E) = m(A)$. + +(3)设 $E \subseteq R^{n}$. 则 $E \in M$ 的充分必要条件是:对任给 $\varepsilon > 0$,存在可测集 A, $B \subseteq R^{n}$: $A \subseteq E \subseteq B$,使得 $m(B \setminus A) < \varepsilon$. + +(4)设 $A_{1}, A_{2} \subset R^{n}, A_{1} \subset A_{2}, A_{1}$ 是可测集且有 $m(A_{1}) = m^{*}(A_{2}) < \infty$,则 $A_{2}$ 是可测集. + +(5)设 $E \subset \mathbf{R}^n$.若对任给 $\varepsilon > 0$,均存在 $A \in \mathscr{M}$,使得 $m^*(E \triangle A) < \varepsilon$,则 $E \in \mathscr{M}$. + +证明 (1)因为对任意的试验集 $T \subset R$,有 + +$T \cap \lambda E = \lambda (\lambda^{-1} T \cap E), \quad T \cap (\lambda E)^{c} = \lambda (\lambda^{-1} T \cap E^{c})$ + +所以可得 + +$$\begin{aligned} m^{*}(T &\cap \lambda E)+m^{*}(T \cap(\lambda E)^{c})\\&=|\lambda|\left[m^{*}\left(\lambda^{-1} T \cap E\right)+m^{*}\left(\lambda^{-1} T \cap E^{c}\right)\right].\end{aligned}$$ + +这说明 $E$ 的可测性等价于 $\lambda E$ 的可测性. + +(2)注意,依题设知 $m^{*}(E\backslash A)=m^{*}(A\backslash E)=0$ ,而我们有 $E=[A\backslash(E\backslash A)]\cup(A\backslash E)$,即得所证. + +(3)只需指出充分性成立即可:对任一试验集 $T \subset \mathbf{R}^n$,我们有 + +$$\begin{aligned} m ^ { * } ( T ) \leqslant & m ^ { * } ( T \cap E ) + m ^ { * } ( T \cap E ^ { c } ) \\ \leqslant & m ^ { * } ( T \cap B ) + m ^ { * } ( T \cap A ^ { c } ) \\ \leqslant & m ^ { * } ( T \cap A ) + m ^ { * } ( T \cap ( B \backslash A ) ) + m ^ { * } ( T \cap A ^ { c } ) \\ = & m ^ { * } ( T ) + m ^ { * } ( T \cap ( B \backslash A ) ) \leqslant m ^ { * } ( T ) + \varepsilon . \end{aligned}$$ + +令 $\varepsilon \to 0$,可知 $m^*(T) = m^*(T \cap E) + m^*(T \cap E^c)$,即 $E$ 可测。 + +(4) 由题设知 + +$\begin{aligned} m(A_{1})=&m^{*}(A_{2})=m^{*}(A_{1}\cup(A_{2}\setminus A_{1}))\\=&m^{*}(A_{1})+m^{*}(A_{2}\setminus A_{1}),\end{aligned}$ + +故可得 $m^*(A_2 \setminus A_1) = 0$. 从而 $A_2 \setminus A_1$ 是可测集, 即 $A_2$ 是可测集. diff --git a/markdowns/education_math_00097.md b/markdowns/education_math_00097.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7481d2fbbf9f880e562f6c2a2bde0a9aef037883 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_math_00097.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + + +“T”型接头坡口形式 + +“Y”型接头坡口形式 + +“Y”型接头坡口形式 + +管子外径为16in的纵缝坡口形式 + +模拟桩拼接坡口形式 + +说明:用于扫查的板宽应>8in + +图1:超声检验试件的预制形状 + +该 + +报告将作为评分的依据,得分情况由下列公式给出: + +$$P=Lc/La \times 100 \tag*{公式 1}$$ + +$$R=(Lc/Li)(1-Lf/Li)\times100 \tag*{公式2}$$ diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00001.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00001.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..719ba175d8e5ff106469c99d47aa91a2e2647e1d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00001.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +## 精读 + +第一课 鲁迅:深刻与伟大的另一面是平和 ………………… 萧红(1) +第二课 毛泽东:忆往昔,峥嵘岁月稠 ………………… 埃德加·斯诺笔录(24) +第三课 贝多芬:扼住命运的咽喉 ………………… 罗曼·罗兰(42) +第四课 达尔文:兴趣与恒心是科学发现的动力 ………………… 欧文·斯通(61) +第五课 马克思:献身于实现人类理想的社会 +……………………………………………………………… 海因里斯·格姆科夫等(80) + +## 略读 + +第六课 沈从文:逆境也是生活的恩赐 …………………………… 沈从文(101) +第七课 杨振宁:合璧中西科学文化的骄子 ……………………… 吴学东等(116) + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00002.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00002.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..173b1eaf8454a34689776e829e65ad687b69a356 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00002.md @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +food?等问题先在小组内交流,再请各小组派代表在全班同学面前汇报。 + +## Tips: + +1. 教师可在此环节进行科学饮食指导,让学生意识到早餐的重要性和合理搭配膳食的重要性。 + +2. 在小组汇报环节,教师可以请学生关注:谁的“早餐菜单”最合理、最值得我们借鉴,潜移默化培养学生学习他人长处的意识。 + +## C. Read and number. + +1. 读前:预测内容,明确任务 + +请学生观察课本第25页C项的图片,并提问:Look at the pictures. What food do you see? What food do you think is being made? How is it made? 教师可以鼓励学生根据图片,用自己的语言说说图中食物的制作流程(相信大多数学生能够根据图片判断出这是在做三明治,且应该有一部分学生能借助图片,用自己的语言简单说明其制作过程)。 + +2. 读中:完成排序任务 + +教师给予学生较充分的时间,请学生阅读文字,并依据文字信息对图片排序,从而验证自己在读图环节的预测和口头描述是否准确。对于生词(如:a piece of, top,enjoy 等词汇),教师可鼓励学生根据上下文及图片进行猜测。 + +3. 读后:订正答案 + +请学生与同桌讨论和交流答案;然后全班集体订正答案。 + +4. 模拟制作 + +教师可准备不同颜色的纸代替sandwich 的原材料,如:白色代表bread,红色代表tomato,黄色代表egg,褐色代表meat,绿色代表vegetables等,请学生边拼摆边用英语描述制作过程。 + +Tip: 在此环节,教师可酌情开展“真实制作”或“模拟制作”活动。但最主要的是在此过程中鼓励学生边制作边用First,Next,Then和Last等词汇引导的句子有序表达制作流程。 + +## D. Let's write. + +1. 口头描述 + +请学生在刚才陈述三明治制作流程的基础上,说一说自己拿手的食物的制作过程。 + +2. 明确制作流程的写作结构 + +教师引导学生再次阅读C项的文本,观察其结构: + +First, ... + +Next, ... + +Then, ... + +Last,... + +Your ... is ready. Enjoy! + +即,用序数词引导的几组祈使句,加一到两句结语,即可说明食物制作的流程。 + +3. 写流程说明 + +此环节可以分层要求:能力强的学生可以选择自己最喜欢或最拿手的菜,介绍其制作步骤;能力有限的学生可以替换C项中的部分原材料,介绍如何制作不同口味的三明治。 + +4. 学生展示 + +教师可以在教室后面设立两个展示区,一个区展示各种口味三明治的制作流程,另一个区展示其他食物的制作流程。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00003.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00003.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1cde30f92f3cacf50284fbdb8d583ea2b5526642 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00003.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +## 活动体验 + +1. 围绕《沁园春·长沙》的内容,了解毛泽东青年时代学习、生活的经历,体会诗人的情怀。在把握感情基调的基础上,朗读并背诵这首词。 + +2. 诗歌一般通过意象反映生活,表达情感。请从《相信未来》和《让我们一起奔腾吧》两首诗中选择一两个例子作简要分析。 + +3. 上面三首诗词都带有鲜明的时代印记。请搜集相关资料,探讨这几首诗词分别体现了特定时代的青年什么样的精神风貌。推荐一两首能体现当代青年精神风貌的诗歌,在班级朗诵交流。 + +4. 朗读诗歌要认真准备,在反复吟诵品味中寻找准确表达作品情感与自己阅读感受的声音形式。有兴趣的同学可揣摩《相信未来》的思想感情,结合自己的阅读感受,参照下列“示例”,在这组诗歌中选择部分片段设计“朗读提示”,然后以适当的语气和节奏朗读。 + +## 示例 + +原诗 + +我要用手指那涌向天边的排浪, + +我要用手掌那托住太阳的大海, + +摇曳着曙光那枝温暖漂亮的笔杆,用孩子的笔体写下:相信未来。 + +我之所以坚定地相信未来, + +是我相信未来人们的眼睛—— + +她有拨开历史风尘的睫毛, + +她有看透岁月篇章的瞳孔。 + +朗读提示 + +(语调与前两节明显不同。高昂。豪迈。) + +“手指”后断开。“排浪”,气势壮阔。 + +“手掌”后断开。“大海”,字韵饱满,境界开阔。 + +“曙光”、“笔杆”,重音强调。 + +率真而坚定。“相信未来”字字顿开,高而强,形成高潮。 + +“我”,顿开。“之所以”,重音强调。 + +紧承上句,不宜停顿时间太长。 + +“拨开”,字字饱满。 + +紧承上句,一气贯通。“看透”,重音强调。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00004.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00004.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..73dc0a4103735a9a77296ef05ef427a23da60bf3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00004.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +## 十八岁和其他 + +扬子 + +## 一、十八岁 + +东东:想到今天是你十八岁的生日,我有一份“孩子长大了”的欣慰,也有一份恒水流年的述情。似乎,拖着初生的你到医生处诊治你的“靓肠”,半夜喊破喉咙把医生从睡梦中叫起,那种焦急忧虑、还像是昨天的事。似乎,你刚能坐起,我在院子里为你拍照,假日带你坐在脚踏车前头靠椅上到处炫耀,那种激动喜悦,也还是昨天的事。怎么,昨天和今天,竟是十八年的光阴了!诗人说:“在东方但是晨曦初露,乍回身,已是大啦明亮。”这正可引来描述我突然想起你已十八岁时的心情。你也许会笑我,我就是这样时常还把你看作缠绕身边的孩子呢! + +十八岁有许许多多令人沉湎眷恋的回忆,不知道我对你的爱,十八年来是否夹杂一些不经心的、任性的以及成人对孩子不够了解的苛责,而曾伤你过。我读过一个父亲因对孩子无端发脾气,伤了孩子的心,而事后深表懊悔的文章。一位日本作家也说:“当孩子在身边的时候,多爱他们吧。不要等到不能宠爱他们时再来后悔。”东东,假如人生能够重来一次,我真会情愿溺爱你的! + +① 流沙(台湾散文作家)- 原籍文艺出版社 1998 年版。有改功、杨子 - 著名杨流沙,生于 1923 年,广东梅州人。作品有《泛滥的花女》《盛接的花木》等。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00005.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00005.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1d0a635204cdb81edf6e8b6face151604bd039ed --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00005.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +## 向青春举杯 + +活动体验 + +- 吟诵青春 +- 沁园春·长沙/毛泽东/3 +- 相信未来/食指/5 +- *让我们一起奔腾吧/江河/6 +- 体悟人生 +- 十八岁和其他/杨子/11 +- 我的四季/张洁/15 +- 设计未来 +- 青年在选择职业时的考虑(节选)/[德] 马克思/19 +- 我的五样/毕淑敏/24 +- 写作 +- 写作观 你的生活很重要/30 +- 写作指导 激活我们的诗情/31 +- 写作实践/32 + +## 获得教养的途径 + +问题探讨 + +- 求学之道 +- 劝学(节选)/荀子/35 +- 师说/韩愈/37 +- 经典的力量 +- 获得教养的途径/[瑞士] 赫尔曼·黑塞/40 +- 写作 +- 写作指导 鲜明的观点是议论文的灵魂/45 +- 写作实践/46 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00006.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00006.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1ea5993079fede8168b2a794fed1014fcc90252a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00006.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ + +忆往昔峥嵘岁月稠$^{①}$。 + +恰$^{②}$同学少年, + +风华正茂; + +书生意气, + +挥斥方遒$^{③}$。 + +指点江山, + +激扬文字$^{④}$, + +粪土当年万户侯$^{⑤}$。 + +曾记否, + +到中流击水$^{⑥}$, + +浪遏$^{⑦}$飞舟? + +1925 年 + + + +毛泽东《沁园春·长沙》手迹 + +① [峥嵘岁月稠] 不寻常的日子很多。峥嵘,山势高峻,比喻超越寻常,不平常。稠,多。 +② [恰] 正当,正好。 +③ [书生意气,挥斥方遒(qiú)] 青年学生意气奔放,正强劲有力。书生,读书人,这里指青年学生。意气,意志和气概。挥斥,奔放。遒,强劲有力。 +④ [指点江山,激扬文字] 评论天下大事,用文字来抨击丑恶的现象,赞扬美好的事物。激扬,激浊扬清。 +⑤ [粪土当年万户侯] 视权贵如粪土一般。粪土,把……看作粪土。万户侯,汉代侯爵的最高一级,享有万户农民的赋税,后泛指有高爵显位的人。 +⑥ [击水] 这里指游泳。 +⑦ [遏(è)] 阻止。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00007.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00007.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e7d0a14d7c90f31fca79dffc2550d70a66108003 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00007.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +## 对话栏 + +醒人们的大红公鸡、一条老死窝中的黑狗,每个午后都照在(已经消失的)门框上的那一缕夕阳……是否也与一粒土一样归于沉寂。还有,在它们中间悄无声息度过童年、少年、青年时光的我,他的快乐、孤独、无人感知的惊恐与激动……对于今天的生活,它们是否变得毫无意义。 + +当家园废失,我知道所有回家的脚步都已踏踏实实地迈上了虚无之途。 + +## 文本研习 + +请结合对本专题其他作品的研读,从上面两篇散文中任选一篇在对话框里进行评点,评点时要注意大处着眼,小处落笔,然后将评点和同学交换阅读。 + +## • 积累与应用 + +1. 树灵的《乡土情结》和曹文轩的《前方》引用了许多古代诗文与典故,请你搜集一些中外有关思乡的名言名句,与同学交流。 + +2. 抒情散文重在抒发作者的内心情感,它通过多种艺术手法将一些生活片段及其他材料组织起来,用以表达作者的心情意绪。试以本专题的一些散文作品为例(或可结合自己的阅读积累和写作体会),具体说明。 + +3. 老舍在《想北平》中对北京的一些风俗、特产作了描写,寄托了对故乡的热爱和思念。这是许多以思乡为主题的文学作品常用的手法,如叶圣陶的《藕与莼菜》、孙犁的《乡里旧闻》、汪曾祺的《故乡的食物》等。同学们可以在课后阅读这些作品,加深对这种手法的了解。同时想想自己的家乡都有哪些风俗和特产,对这些风俗和特产,你有什么样的情感体验?请说出来或写下来与同学分享。 + +4. 结合本专题所学作品,和同学交流阅读体会,阐述自己对“家园”的理解,也可以举办以“我的家园”为主题的小型演讲比赛。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00008.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00008.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1a1a3c5169bc5a2948c062916cee984a1b383d8e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00008.md @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +方》,并把诵读时脑中涌现出的事物或形象记下来,然后连缀成一篇短文,与原诗比较,体会诗歌表达感情的独特效果。 + +3. 朗读中对重音、停顿、语速等声音形式的处理有助于对作品的理解。参照“示例”,为舒婷的《祖国呵,我亲爱的祖国》加上朗读记号,并思考一下每节结尾处的“祖国呵”三个字应该怎样朗读。 + +## 示 例 + +原诗 + +我是你河边上/破旧的老水车,→ + +数百年来/纺着疲惫的歌;→ + +我是你额上/熏黑的矿灯, + +照你在历史的隧洞里/蜗行—摸索;↘ + +我是干瘪的稻穗;是失修的路基; + +是淤滩上的驳船↗ + +把纤绳/深深 + +勒进你的肩膊; + +——祖—国—呵!↘ + +朗读提示 + +用平缓、低沉的语调,表达对祖国数百年来落后状况的痛切感受。 + +语调略高,重音处将声音延长,加强沉重的语气。 + +语速由慢到快,语调逐渐上扬。 + +注意两个叠字的重读,节奏减慢。 + +字字重音,感情饱满,用降调表达发自内心的感叹。 + +常用朗读记号: + +• 重音 + +/ 停顿 + +→ 平行语势 + +↗ 上行语势 + +↘下行语势 + +— 延长 + +## 积累与应用 + +1. 从四首诗中选择两首背诵。 + +2.《肖邦故园》有许多地方对肖邦的音乐进行了文学化的再现和诠释。请仔细品味,看看作者是如何把音乐转换为文字的,并从肖邦的音乐作品中选择一些曲目(如《a小调玛祖卡舞曲》、《g小调第一叙事曲》、《降A大调波洛涅兹舞曲》等)进行欣赏,写下你的感想,与肖邦“促膝谈心”。 + +3. 情与景是密切相关的,“景无情不发,情无景不生”(范晞文),“情、景名为二,而实不可离。神于诗者,妙合无垠。巧者则有情中景,景中情”(王夫之)。本专题散文、诗歌作品中有大量景物描写,找出这些内容,分析它们所传达出的思想感情,并具体说说你对文学作品中景物描写所表现的情景关系的理解。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00009.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00009.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..44b1dfbc84bb9d7e85076c26b57f9953d6cb63d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00009.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ + +底层的光芒 + +## 品质$^①$ + +[英] 高尔斯华绥 + +我很年轻时就认识他了,因为他承做我父亲的靴子。他和他哥哥合开一家店,店房有两间打通的铺面,开设在一条横街上——这条街现在已经不存在了,但是在那时,它却是坐落在伦敦西区的一条新式街道。 + +那座店铺有种朴素安静的特色,门面上没有注明任何为王公服务的标记,只有包含他自己耳牌号姓氏的 “赫斯拉克兄弟” 的招牌;橱窗里陈列着几双靴子。我还记得,要想说明橱窗里那些靴子为什么老不更换,我总觉得很为难,因为他只承做定货,并不出售现成靴子;要说那些都是他做得不合脚而被退回来的靴子,那似乎是不可想像的。是不是他买了那些靴子来做摆设的呢?这好像也不可思议。把那些不是亲手做的皮靴陈列在自己的店里,他是决不能容忍的。而且,那几双靴子太美观了 —— 有一双轻跳舞靴,细长到非言语所能形容的地步;那双带布口的漆皮靴,叫人看了舍不得离开;还有那双褐色长筒马靴,闪着怪异的黑而亮的光辉,虽然是簇新的,看来好像已经穿过一百年了。只有亲眼看过靴子灵魂的人才能做出那样的靴子 —— 这些靴子体现了各种靴子的本质,确实是模范品。我当然在后来才有这种想法,不过,在我大约十四岁那年,我够资格定做成年人靴子的时候,对他们两兄弟的品格就有了模糊的印 + +①选自《福尔赛世家》序(选自《诺贝尔文学奖文库》,浙江人民出版社 1991 年版)。高尔斯华绥(1867—1933),英国作家,获 1932 年诺贝尔文学奖。作品有《福尔赛世家》等。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00010.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00010.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f763a934448628f0b7c0c2ee773dd3c4ca32a949 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00010.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ + + +殉道者之歌 + +## 离骚(节选)$^{①}$ + +屈原 + +帝高阳之苗裔兮$^{②}$。 + +朕皇考曰伯庸$^{③}$。 + +摄提贞于孟陬兮, + +惟庚寅吾以降$^{④}$。 + +皇览揆余初度兮, + +肇锡余以嘉名$^{⑤}$。 + +名余曰正则兮, + +字余日灵均$^{⑥}$. [1] + +对话栏 + +[1] 开头八句,叙述高贵的出身、降生的祥瑞和美好的名字,表现出高度的庄重自爱。 + +① 屈原(约前340?- 前278?): 名平,字原。战国时楚国人。中国历史上第一位伟大的诗人。他是楚国贵族,曾任左徒、三闾大夫等职。因主张彰明法度,联齐抗秦而被谤放流。秦兵攻破楚都郢都之后,自沉于汨罗江。今存《离骚》、《天问》、《九歌》、《九章》、《招魂》等作品。前人将其作品编在《楚辞》中。 + +② 「帝高阳之苗裔兮」: 我是古帝高阳氏的子孙。高阳,传说中的上古部族首领颛顼(Zhuān Xū),号高阳氏。相传是楚国王族以及屈、景、昭三大家族的远祖。春秋时,楚武王熊通封子瑕于屈,子瑕的后代以屈为氏,屈原是瑕的后人。苗裔,后代。 + +③ 「朕皇考曰伯庸」: 我伟大的先父叫伯庸。朕,我。古时不论贵贱都可以自称朕,至秦始皇规定为皇帝的自称。皇考,对已死的尊称。皇,大、美。伯庸,屈原父亲的字。 + +④ 「摄提贞于孟陬(zōu)兮,惟庚寅吾以降」: 这两句是说自己出生在寅年寅月寅日。摄提,即摄提格,古代纪年的术语,相当于寅年。贞,正、当。孟陬,夏历正月。也叫寅月。庚寅,庚寅日。降,降生。 + +⑤ 「皇览揆余初度兮,肇锡余以嘉名」: 先父正当我看当初出生的时节……开始就赐给我美好的名字。皇,指皇考。览,观察。揆,度量。初度,出生的时节。肇,始。锡,同“赐”。 + +⑥ 「名余曰正则兮,字余曰灵均」: 起名叫平,字原。正则,公正而有法则,含有“平”字的意思。灵均,形容土地宽舒而平坦,含有“原”字的意思。名,平。字,原。按照古代的礼仪,男子出生三月,父亲命名。待到成人行冠礼时,再赐字。所以,字是以名为基础解释或长兄的意思。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00011.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00011.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4b8cb97f9a77e7b6af9391607e1e53a73899439c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00011.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +不久的将来可以被克隆,但作为人创造的文化则是永远不可能被克隆的。 + +## 问题探讨 + +1. 阅读(拿来主义)的相关部分,完成下面的表格,并回答问题。 + +
总喻比照对象对待遗产的方式作者评价
得了一所大宅子孱头
昏蛋
废物
“拿来主义”者
+ +联系鲁迅《拿来主义》写作的时代背景,指出“孱头、昏蛋、废物”和“拿来主义”者各自反映了什么样的立场?文章是怎样运用总体设喻和分类相比的方式,把深刻而抽象的道理说得生动形象,易于理解的? + +2. 麦当劳来到中国,它本身起了哪些变化?它又怎样影响了中国人的观念和生活方式?作者分析这些现象的目的是什么?请结合作品,作简要说明。 + +3. 本板块的两篇文章,分别论述了两个不同时代外来文明对中国固有文明的冲击以及所引发的反响或变化。请你结合作品联系实际,谈谈自己的理解。 + +## 积累与应用 + +1. 以社会文化现象的某一方面为研究对象,小组合作,采用问卷调查的方法,搜集有关资料,在此基础上对文化的中与外、古与今、雅与俗之间的影啊与渗透,交流与融合的现象进行分析,并撰写调查报告。 + +## 附:问卷调查方法简介 + +问卷调查是一种常用的搜集信息资料的方法。研究者为了解某些事实、意见或情况,向有关对象发放数张或问卷,要求其填写,然后收回整理研究。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00012.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00012.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e4d7a445cb50d781580d82648af4958ed4d45fdf --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00012.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +1. 确定调查的课题 + +可以从教育、文学、艺术、风俗、饮食、旅游、体育等文化现象中选择一个方面,确定一个具体的研究课题。选定课题时,应该先小组充分讨论:选定的问题在文化现象研究的范围内吗?研究这个问题有价值吗?问题是否具体、明确?研究限定在什么是源之内?根据小组人员的精力、能力,所选的研究课题有实施完成的可能吗?所确定的课题可以直接作为问卷的标题,也可以用一个话题来代替,例如“有关影视文化的调查”。 + +示例:国外动画片对滨江市中小学文化影响的情况调查 + +2. 撰写问卷的言 + +问卷开头,要先写一段简要的介绍,说明自己的身份和调查的目的,交代作答的方法和规则,告诉完成问卷的大致时间,强调调查对象的回答对于研究的重要性,还应该消除调查对象的顾虑,鼓励他们积极配合,提供真实的信息。 + +示例:你好!我们是滨江中学高一年级的学生,按照译文教学的要求,就中小学生观看国外动画片的有头情况进行专题社会调查。您不必著书,但您的看法和提供的实际情况对我们获得真实而有效的信息十分重要,它将使汇总、概括写入我们的调查报告。请按照提示在15分钟内选择答案或简要回答。欢迎您的合作! + +3. 编拟问卷项目 + +这是问卷的主要部分。为了提高题目的质量,缩短时应该注意:除了少数几个要求提供期注对象背景信息的题目(如示例①)外,其余题目要与研究的问题直接相关;语言要明确、简洁、易懂,一个题目只能包含一个问题;题目中不能隐含某种导向,不能让调查对象感到难以回答;题目的数量要适度,要让调查对象保持作答的环境和认真态度。题目应以选择期的形式为主(如示例②),供选择的答案应当可以穿尽,各个选项之间不能交叉包容,开放性的题目(如示例③)只能占很小的比例,只有同期答案无法确定时才设计这类题目。 + +示例: + +① 你的身份是() + +A. 小学生 +B. 初中学生 +C. 高中学生 + +②你对国外动压井的态度是() + +A. 总常喜欢看 +B. 比较喜欢看 +C. 不喜欢看 +D. 很不喜欢看 +E. 很不满 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00013.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00013.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eb4bcbd04d39d00e93719df034bd16caf93af0a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00013.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +kàn tú xiě cí yǔ zài shuō yī liǎng jù huà +看图写词语,再说一两句话。 + + + +## 日积月累 + +zhǒngguā dé guā zhǒngdòu dé dòu +种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。 + +qián rén zāi shù,hòu rén chéng liáng +前人栽树,后人乘凉。 + +qiān lǐ zhī xíng,shǐ yú zú xià +千里之行,始于足下。 + +bai chi gan tou,geng jin yi bu. + +百尺竿头,更进一步。 + + + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00014.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00014.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c6aa2f69562f3326a56c1590be7168769bb7b28f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00014.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +## ⑭ 小蜗牛 + +zhù +蜗牛一家住在小树林的旁边。 + +hái +春天来了,蜗牛妈妈对小蜗牛说:“孩 +wán ba fā +子,到小树林里去玩吧,小树发芽了。” + +pá ya jiǔ huí +小蜗牛爬呀,爬呀,好久才爬回来。它 +mǎn bì +说:“妈妈,小树长满了叶子,碧绿碧绿的,地上还长着许多草莓呢。” + +ó yǐ jīng +蜗牛妈妈说:“哦,已经是夏天了!快去 +zhāi kē +摘几颗草莓回来。” + +本文作者是俄罗斯的巴乌姆美莉,译者陈玮君、牟正秋,选作课文时有改动 diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00015.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00015.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b289dfbb7a76584693bced545856fd9345b98219 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00015.md @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +## 识字表 + +## 识字 + +tiān dì rén nǐ wǒ tā +1 天 地 人 你 我 他 + +2 yī èr sān sì wǔ shàng xià +一 二 三 四 五 上 下 + +kǒu ěr mù shǒu zú zhàn zuò +3 口 耳 目 手 足 站 坐 + + rì yuè shuǐ huǒ shān shí tián hé +4 日 月 水 火 山 石 田 禾 + +5 duì yún yǔ fēng huā niǎo chóng +对 云 雨 风 花 鸟 虫 + +语文园地一 + +liù qī bā jiǔ shí +六 七 八 九 十 + +## 汉语拼音 + +3 bà mā + 爸 妈 + + mā tǔ bù +4 马 土 不 + +5 huà dǎ +画 打 + + +6 qí jī +棋 鸡 + + zi ci yǔ jù zi +7 字词语句子 + +8 zhuō zhǐ +桌 纸 + +语文园地二 + +wén shù xué yīn yuè +文 数 学 音 乐 + +识字表中蓝色的字是多音字,不计入生字总数。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00016.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00016.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5f09ea2fe7942bde1e68dffdfe9dfd8f41d0f020 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00016.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +## 常用笔画名称表 + +
笔画名称例字
开土
中上
丿天禾
人尺
头下
虫把
横折口五
横撇子水
横钩
𠃊竖折山牙
𠄌竖提长比
+ +
笔画名称例字
竖弯四西
竖钩小可
弯钩了手
斜钩
𠃋撇折去东
卧钩
撇点
𠃌横折钩力月
竖弯钩儿巴
横折弯钩
竖折折钩马鸟
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00017.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00017.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7a332d2ed6c2f44c62b57f776b4459c960f904ac --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00017.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +一 二 三 四 五 上 下 + +一 + + 一 一 一 + +一 二 + +二二二 + +一 二 三 +三三三 + +上上 +上上上 + +○ 朗读课文。背诵课文。 + +○ 认识田字格。 + +横中线 +竖中线 +上 + + + +写字时,要注意笔画在田字格中的位置。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00018.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00018.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aefe3b899edf77d0e59cb3128a6b5790bd1a5040 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00018.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +## ⑤ 对韵歌 + +云对雨, + +雪对风。 + +花对树, + +鸟对虫。 + +山清对水秀, + +柳绿对桃红。 + +对云雨风花鸟虫 + + + +虫虫虫 云云云 +山山山 + +朗读课文。背诵课文。 diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00019.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00019.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6b5c1e6dd16ba234e3255e50073853c433af752c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00019.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +## 语文园地一 + +## 识字加油站 + +一片两片三四片, + +五片六片七八片。 + +九片十片无数片, + +飞入水中都不见。 + +你能猜出这是什么吗? + +## 六 七 八 九 十 + + + + + +八八八 + + 十十十 + +## 字词句运用 + +○ 读一读,比一比。 + + + +人 天 口 田 日 目 diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00020.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00020.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4b2c5a11b5f9b45273ec18448b0baae7a22be470 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00020.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +快乐读书吧 + +## 读书真快乐 +我经常和爸爸妈妈一起读有趣的故事书。 + + +我读了很多书,会讲很多故事,同学们叫我“故事大王” + +周末,我在书店看到了很多好看的图高书。 + +学了拼音,我就可以认更多的字,读更多的书了。 + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00021.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00021.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..284296c9045d8b86f77a42d81a99d3c6991a37e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00021.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ + + +b - ā → bā + + + +b-á→bá + + + +b-ǎ→bǎ + + + +b-à→bà + + + + +bǎ +bō +b +bǐ +bù + +pá +pò +pí +p +pǔ + +mǎ +mō +mǐ +mù +m + +fā +fó +fǔ +f + +bà ba +爸爸 + +mā ma +妈妈 + +bà mā +爸 妈 + + + +bb pp mm ff diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00022.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00022.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3745ca710af1de7a5493a8883db9687766de95a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00022.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ + + + +huà huà + +画 画 + +dǎ gǔ +打 鼓 + + + +## shuō huà +说话 + +xiǎo xī liú shuō huà huā huā huā huā +小溪流说话,哗哗,哗哗 +xiǎo yǔ diǎn shuō huà shā shā shā shā +小雨点说话,沙沙,沙沙 +xiǎo gē zi shuō huà gū gū gū gū +小鸽子说话,咕咕,咕咕 +xiǎo yā zi shuō huà gā gā gā gā +小鸭子说话,嘎嘎,嘎嘎 +xiǎo huā māo shuō huà miāo miāo miāo miāo +小花猫说话,喵喵,喵喵 +xiǎo qīng wā shuō huà guā guā guā guā +小青蛙说话,呱呱,呱呱 + +huà dǎ +画 打 + +g g k k h h + + +儿歌作者樊发稼,选作课文时有改动。 diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00023.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00023.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..06d17e1fb40ba3dcbddc74cc911951aca142fbd7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00023.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +学 + +学生 + +我是小学生。 + +zì +字 + +cí yǔ +词 语 + +jù zi +句子 + +## guò qiáo +## 过 桥 + +shù xué tí sān sì dào +数学题,三四道, +yī pái děng hào xiàng xiǎo qiáo +一排等号像小桥。 +zuò duì le zǒu guò qiáo +做对了,走过桥, +zuò cuò le guò bù liǎo +做错了,过不了。 +xiǎng yī xiǎng suàn yī suàn +想一想,算一算, +kuài kuài lè lè guò le qiáo +快快乐乐过了桥。 + +zì cí yǔ jù zǐ +字词语句子 + + +z z c c s s + +儿歌作者邓元杰。 diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00024.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00024.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..224c30289b63923c2e8f63ba30b0c7ba9d22c935 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00024.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +## 目录 + +我上学了 ......... 2 + +## 识字 + + + +1 天地人 ...6 +2 金木水火土 ...7 +3 口耳目 ...9 +4 日月水火 ...11 +5 对韵歌 ...13 +〇 口语交际:我说你做 ...14 +〇 语文园地一 ...15 +〇 快乐读书吧:读书真快乐 ...19 + +## 汉语拼音 + + + +1 a o e ………………………………………… 20 +2 i u ü y w …………………………………… 22 +3 b p m f ……………………………………… 24 +4 d t n l ………………………………………… 26 +5 g k h ………………………………………… 28 +6 j q x ………………………………………… 30 +7 z c s ………………………………………… 32 +8 zh ch sh r ………………………………… 34 +○ 语文园地二 ………………………………… 36 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00025.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00025.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..95a334109bd545ba488fd99ac65edb7345184d9b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00025.md @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +## 语文园地五 + +## 识字加油站 + + wǔ +上 午 + +下午 + +wǎn +晚 上 + +zuó +昨 天 + +jīn +今 天 + +明天 + +上个月 + +zhè +这 个 月 + +下个月 + +nián +去 年 + +今年 + +明年 + +wǔ wǎn zuó jīn nián +午 晚 昨 今 年 + +## 我的发现 + +花草莲苹 + +树林桃桥 + +很多木字旁的字都和树木有关。 + + + +## 字词句运用 + +dú yī dú dú zhūn zi yīn +读 一 读,读 准 字 音。 + +nǐ men jiā lǐ +你们家里 + +nán shēng lán sè +男 生 蓝 色 + +shàng shān sān nián +上 山 三 年 + +xiě zì bào zhǐ +写 字 报 纸 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00026.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00026.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..55429b8519786811ce1ee9667ee539fad5a12b71 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00026.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +## 25 古人谈读书 + +## 一 + +知之为知之,不知为不知,是知$^{①}$也。 + +敏$^{②}$而好$^{③}$学,不耻$^{④}$下问$^{⑤}$。 + +zhī +默而识$^{⑥}$之,学而不厌$^{⑦}$,诲$^{⑧}$人不倦。 + +我非生而知之者,好古,敏$^{⑨}$以求之者也。 + +学如不及,犹恐失之。 + +wú qǐn +吾尝终日不食,终夜不寝,以思,无益,不如学也。 + +——《论语》 + +注释 + +①〔知〕同“智”,智慧。 + +②〔敏〕此处指聪敏。 + +③ [好] 喜好。 + +④ [耻] 以……为耻。 + +⑤〔下问〕向地位、学问不如自己的人请教。 + +⑥ [识] 记住。 + +⑦〔厌〕满足。 + +⑧〔诲〕教诲。 + +⑨〔敏〕此处指勤勉。 + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00027.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00027.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8724536bb2f6876cfc2d9382597a2e11807a5da7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00027.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +## 二 + +余尝谓$^{①}$读书有三到,谓心到、眼到、口到。心不在此,则眼不看仔细,心眼既不专一,却只漫浪$^{②}$诵读,决不能记,记亦不能久也。三到之中,心到最急$^{③}$。心既到矣,眼口岂不到乎? + +xī +—— [宋] 朱熹 + +注释 + +①〔谓〕说。 + +②〔漫浪〕随意。 + +③〔急〕要紧,重要。 + +耻识寝矣岂 + +耻诲谓诵岂 + +正确、流利地朗读课文。背诵课文。 + +借助注释,用自己的话说说课文的大意。 + +联系自己的读书体会,说说课文中的哪些内容对你有启发。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00028.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00028.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4c01e917e91676c9da393ee1c0c3599c563a170b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00028.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +## 口语交际 + +## 我最喜欢的人物形象 + +阅读文学书籍或观看影视作品时,我们常常会被其中的一些人物吸引或感动。这些人物个性鲜明、充满魅力,让人由衷地欣赏和喜爱。 + +举办一次“我最喜欢的人物形象”交流会,将自己喜欢的文学或影视作品中的人物介绍给大家。 + +交流之前,搜集并整理你最喜欢的人物形象的相关信息,照样子填写在表格里。 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
人物出处喜欢的理由
哪吒动画片《哪吒闹海》1. 年纪小但武功高强,能变出三头六臂……
2. 见义勇为,敢于担当。有一次,他救了被龙王欺负的老百姓……
+ +交流时要利用好表格里整理的信息,有条理地讲述。说清楚你喜欢的人物是谁,出自哪部文学或影视作品,你为什么喜欢这个人物。 + +可以先小组交流,再全班交流,看看谁介绍的人物形象让人印象深刻。 + +分条讲述,把理由说清楚。 + +听人说话能抓住重点。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00029.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00029.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..51197bfbd42d232b8d478b2c5c70fa3cf0fed311 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00029.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +将下面的句子排成一段意思连贯的话,把序号填在括号里。读一读,再抄写下来。 + +( )阅读是什么?是吸收。 + +( )把脑子里的东西拿出来,让人家知道,或者用嘴说,或者用笔写。 + +( )好像每天吃饭吸收营养一样,阅读就是吸收精神上的营养。 + +( )阅读和写作,吸收和表达,一个是进,从外到内;一个是出,从内到外。 + +( ) 写作是什么?是表达。 + +## 书写提示 + +欧阳询是初唐著名的书法家。他的楷书用笔方整,笔力刚劲,点画的起、收及转折处一丝不苟。字形竖长,各部分之间穿插巧妙,结构十分严谨。整体上显得既平正端庄,又险劲生动。《九成宫醴泉铭》是其楷书代表作之一。 + +食靡谢天功安知帝 + +测凿井而饮耕田而 + +德玄功潜运几深莫 + +陈大道无名上德不 + +成引谷涧宫城之内 + +功者也然昔之池沼 + +作彼竭其力我享其 + +谓至人无为大圣不 + + + +欧阳询《九成宫醴泉铭》(局部) diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00030.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00030.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a7aae9afec2b2dd36578b2775bcb3a143c9cc714 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00030.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +## 语文园地 + +## 交流平台 + + + +为了提高阅读的速度,我们要集中注意力,尽量连词成句地读,不要一个字一个字地读,更不要回读。 + +带着问题读也可以加快阅读的速度。遇到不懂的词语,在不影响理解课文内容的情况下可以先不管它,继续往下读。 + + + + + +读得快还要想得快,要做到一边读一边想,抓住关键词句,才能及时捕捉有用的信息。 + +俗话说:“熟能生巧。”让我们不断练习,努力做到眼睛看得快,脑子想得快。 + + + +## 词句段运用 + +读下面的语句,写出主要意思。 + +◇我廉颇立下了那么多战功,他蔺相如就靠一张嘴,反而爬到我头上去了。(廉颇对蔺相如不服气。) + +◇只要我们按下手电筒的开关,立刻会出现一束光柱。光的速度是惊人的,大约是30万千米每秒,比流星体的速度要快几千倍! +( ) + +◇在广阔平原的地底下,挖了不计其数的地道,横的,竖的,直的,弯的,家家相连,村村相通。 ( ) + +及时概括语句的意思,能够帮助我们提高阅读的速度。 + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00031.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00031.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..71a20741abba7a5e207424270013fedbfc3df1be --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00031.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +读一读,照样子把成语的意思用具体的情景表现出来。 + +## 左右为难 + +大家说秦王不过是想把和氏璧骗到手罢了,不能上他的当;可要是不答应,又怕他派兵来进攻。 + +## 奋不顾身 + +杨靖宇正在奋力还击敌人,右手腕忽然受了伤,他就用左手继续向敌人射击。不多时,他的腹部又中了一弹,鲜血直流。他咬紧牙关,猛然起身,连发两枪,击毙了两个日本鬼子。 + +## 喋喋不休 +_____________________________________________ +_____________________________________________ +## 悠然自得 +_____________________________________________ +_____________________________________________ + +## 日积月累 + +〇不饱食以终日,不弃功于寸阴。——葛洪 + +〇盛年不重来,一日难再晨。及时当勉励,岁月不待人。 +——陶渊明 + +〇莫等闲,白了少年头,空悲切。——岳飞 + +〇多少事,从来急;天地转,光阴迫。一万年太久,只争朝夕。 +——毛泽东 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00032.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00032.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1576244a788d6f11cceab325e1f190fdb7a8cf12 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00032.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +## ⑪* 牛郎织女(二) + +用上一单元学到的阅读方法,尽可能快地默读课文,了解牛郎织女故事的结局。联系上一篇课文,说说如果给《牛郎织女》绘制连环画,你打算画哪些内容,每幅图画配什么文字。 + +从此牛郎在地里耕种,织女在家里纺织。有时候,织女也帮助 +jiǎn +牛郎干些地里的活。两个人勤劳节俭,日子过得挺美满。转眼间两三个年头过去了,他们生了一个男孩和一个女孩。到孩子能说话的时候,晚上得空,织女就指着星星,给孩子们讲些天上的故事。天 +huáng +上虽然富丽堂皇,可是没有自由,她不喜欢。她喜欢人间的生活;跟牛郎一块儿干活,她喜欢;逗着兄妹俩玩,她喜欢;看门前小溪的水活泼地流过去,她喜欢;听晓风晚风轻轻地吹过树林,她喜 +wēi +欢。两个孩子听她这么说,就像在她怀里,叫一声“娘”,回过头来又叫一声“爹”。她乐极了,可是在有时候也发愁。愁什么呢?她没告诉牛郎。她是怕外祖母知道她在这儿会来找她。 + +shuāi +一天,牛郎去喂牛,那头衰老的牛又说话了,眼眶里满是眼泪:“我快不行了,不能帮你们下地干活了……我死以后,你把我的皮留着。碰见什么紧急事,你就披上我的皮……”老牛没说完就死了。夫妻两个痛哭了一场,留下老牛的皮,把老牛的尸骨埋在草房后边的山坡上。 + +再说天上,仙女们溜到人间的事到底让王母娘娘知道了。王母娘娘罚她们,把她们 + +本文是民间故事,由叶圣陶整理,选作课文时有改动 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00033.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00033.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0b4978acb6b8422ece9ba9584a0d1e44e63cd3dc --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00033.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ + + + + +关在黑屋子里。她尤其恨织女,竟敢留在人间不回来,简直是有意败坏她的门风,损害她的尊严。她发誓要把织女捉回来,哪怕织女藏在泰 +shān hú jiāo +山底下的石缝里,大海中心的珊瑚礁上,也一定要抓回来,给她顶厉害的惩罚。 + +王母娘娘派了些天兵天将到人间访察,察访了好久,才知道织女在牛郎家里,跟牛郎做了夫妻。一天,她亲自到牛郎家里,可巧牛郎在地里干活,她就一把抓住织女往外走。织女的男孩见那老太婆怒气冲冲地拉着织女走,就跑过来拉住织女的衣裳。王母娘娘狠狠一推,孩子倒在地上,她就带着织女一齐飞起来。织女心里恨极了,望着两个可爱的孩子,一时不知该怎么办,只喊了一句:“快去找你爹!” + +牛郎跟着男孩赶回家,只见梭子放在织了半截的布匹上,灶上的饭正冒着热气,女孩坐在门前哭。他决定上天去追,把织女救回来。可是怎么能上天呢?他忽然想起老牛临死前说的话,这 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00034.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00034.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9a9cbae22996dbb2c7c3c054999a94d704bb8062 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00034.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +## 语文园地 + +## 交流平台 + +本单元我们读了特别有意思的民间故事。读到了好的故事,我们会忍不住要跟别人分享,讲给别人听。 + +为了让故事更有新鲜感,可以来点儿小创作。 + +可以把自己设想成故事中的人物,以他的口吻讲。如,讲《猎人海力布》,用海力布的口吻讲述,会更加亲切,让人有身临其境的感觉。 + +也可以大胆想象,为故事增加合理的情节。如,讲《牛郎织女》,可以说说老牛是怎么知道织女下凡时间的。 + +还可以变换情节的顺序,先讲故事中最不可思议的地方,设置一些悬念吸引听众。如,先说有一块石头是一位猎人变的,再讲猎人海力布的故事。 + +## 词句段运用 + +读一读,体会左右两组词语在表达效果上的不同。 + +鼻子都气歪了 + +气急败坏 + +前怕狼后怕虎 + +畏首畏尾 + +盼星星盼月亮 + +望眼欲穿 + +打开天窗说亮话 + +直言不讳 + +吃水不忘挖井人 + +饮水思源 diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00035.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00035.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fe846807983aee09dc585554e4a052c2741eb6b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00035.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +## 12 古诗三首 + +## 示儿$^{①}$ + +[宋] 陆游 + +死去元$^{②}$知万事空, + +但悲不见九州$^{③}$同。 + +王师$^{④}$北定中原日, + +nǎi +家祭无忘告乃翁$^{⑤}$ + +注释 + +①〔示儿〕给儿子看。这首诗是陆游临终前写给儿子的。 + +②〔元〕同“原”,本来。 + +③〔九州〕古代中国曾分为九个州,这里代指全国。 + +④〔王师〕指南宋朝廷的军队。 + +⑤〔乃翁〕你们的父亲。 + +## dǐ +题临安$^{①}$邸$^{②}$ + +[宋] 林升 + +山外青山楼外楼, + +西湖歌舞几时休? + +xūn +暖风熏得游人醉, + +biàn +直把杭州作汴州$^{③}$。 + +注释 + +① [临安] 在今浙江杭州,曾为南宋都城。 + +② [即] 旅店。 + +③[汴州]在今河南开封,曾为北宋都城。 diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00036.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00036.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..28e633e1f8b8a83eb908795d7ee9686dd828a49a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00036.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +## hài +己亥杂诗$^{①}$ + +[清] 龚自珍 + +shì +九州生气$^{②}$恃$^{③}$风雷, + +yín +万马齐喑$^{④}$究可哀。 + +sǒu +我劝天公重抖擞, + +不拘一格降人材。 + +注释 + +①[己亥杂诗]《己亥杂诗》是龚自珍在己亥年(1839)写的一组诗,共315首。这里选的是其中一首。 + +②〔生气〕活力,生命力。这里指朝气蓬勃的局面。 + +③〔恃〕依靠。 + +④ [万马齐喑] 所有的马都沉默无声。比喻人们沉默不语,不敢发表意见。喑,沉默。 + +乃熏亥恃擞 + +祭乃熏杭亥恃哀拘 + +有感情地朗读课文。背诵课文。默写《示儿》。 + +读懂诗歌的题目有助于我们理解诗歌的内容。从三首诗的题目中,你能了解到哪些信息? + +结合注释和相关资料,说说下列诗句的意思,再想想它们表达了诗人怎样的情感。 + +◇ 王师北定中原日,家祭无忘告乃翁。 + +◇ 暖风熏得游人醉,直把杭州作汴州。 + +◇ 我劝天公重抖擞,不拘一格降人材。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00037.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00037.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e1920a0b4a43406426df4e87ed33e12ae82177dd --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00037.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +## 习作 + +## 二十年后的家乡 + +每个人都有自己的家乡,那是我们成长的地方。二十年后我们的家乡会是什么样的呢?让我们来一次时空穿越,到二十年后的家乡去看一看。 + +首先要大胆想象,二十年后的家乡会发生什么巨变。如,环境有什么变化?人们的工作、生活有什么变化? + +然后参考下面的例子,把想象到的场景或者事件梳理一下,列一个习作提纲,明确自己要写什么,从哪些方面来写。 + +习作提纲 + +题目:二十年后的家乡 + +开头:穿越到二十年后,看到了我的家乡。 + +中间: + +1.环境的变化:河水清澈,绿树成荫。 + +2.工作的变化:机器人在照料着果园。 + +3.生活的变化:遇到老同学开着3D打印的汽车去郊游。 + +结尾:表达我对二十年后家乡生活的向往之情。 + + +按照自己编写的习作提纲,分段叙述,把重点部分写具体。 + +写完后,跟同学互换习作,提出修改建议,再根据同学的建议认真修改习作。 diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00038.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00038.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5c2cebe0641baea48543c2a35b0c382c6839c4ae --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00038.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +## 语文园地 + +## 交流平台 + +读本单元的课文,我们可以借助资料了解写作背景,从而更深入地理解课文蕴含的情感。如,了解了南宋统治者偏安一隅的历史背景,就更能体会陆游“但悲不见九州同”的伤痛和林升“直把杭州作汴州”的愤慨。 + +我们还可以结合更多的资料来丰富对课文内容的认识。如,通过查阅有关圆明园的资料,能更深入地理解作者为什么说圆明园的毁灭,是中国乃至世界文化史上不可估量的损失。 + +通过朗读,我们可以把课文中丰富的情感表现出来。如,读出《圆明园的毁灭》表达的痛惜之情、《少年中国说》(节选)表达的壮志豪情。朗读时可以通过调整语速、语调和节奏来表现课文的情感。 + +## 词句段运用 + +下面每组词语的意思有什么相同和不同?选择其中一个词语写一段话。 + +举世闻名 + +兴高采烈 + +足智多谋 + +呕心沥血 + +臭名远扬 + +得意忘形 + +诡计多端 + +处心积虑 + +读前两个句子,体会顿号的用法,再给最后一句加上标点。 + +它由圆明园、绮春园和长春园组成,所以也叫圆明三园。此外,还有许多小园,分布在圆明园东、西、南三面,众星拱月般环绕在圆明园周围。 + +它的果实埋在地里,不像桃子、石榴、苹果那样,把鲜红嫩绿的果实高高地挂在枝上,使人一见就生爱慕之心。 + +毽子越做越讲究 有黑鸡毛 白鸡毛 芦花鸡毛等 各种颜色的毽子 满院子飞 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00039.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00039.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..807abb865b877b3be3e9db71b870a8ca37070ae0 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00039.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +## 风向袋的制作 + +风无影无形,我们怎样才能知道它是从哪个方向吹来的呢?可以借助一些容易随风飘动的物体,比如风向袋,根据它飘动的方向判断风向。 + +制作风向袋可以分为下面几个步骤: + +ní +第一,准备竹竿、细铁丝、粗铁丝、尖嘴钳、尼龙纱巾 +sù +或其他较轻的纺织品、塑料绳、针线等材料和工具。 + +第二,缝制口袋。用尼龙纱巾缝一个圆锥形口袋,袋口直径约10厘米,袋长40~50厘米。用细铁丝做一个和袋口一样大小的圆圈,用针线把细铁丝固定在袋口处,把袋口撑开。 + +第三,剪下4根长约10厘米的塑料绳,在袋口边缘分别扎4个小洞。将4根塑料绳的一头分别穿过4个小洞,绑在铁丝圈上,另一头绑在一起,打一个结实的绳结。 + +第四,拿一根细铁丝,在离竹竿顶端10厘米处缠2\~3圈,不要缠太紧。做一个可以在竹竿上自由滑动的细铁丝圈。离细铁丝圈上下各1\~2厘米处,用尖嘴钳把粗铁丝在竹竿上紧紧缠绕3~4圈,这样细铁丝圈就只能在紧箍的粗铁丝圈之间上下滑动。再剪下一根15厘米长的塑料绳,一头绑在之前打好的绳结上,另一头绑在竹竿的细铁丝圈上,把口袋系在竹竿上。 + +kuàng +将竹竿固定在空旷的场地上,在观察前确认东西南北的准确方向。当风向袋随风飘动时,观察它飘动的方向。风向袋飘动的反方向就是风向。 + +说说课文是如何把制作风向袋的过程介绍清楚的。 + +首先介绍制作风向袋需要准备的材料和工具。 + +用“第一”“第二”等词语,有条理地写出了制作风向袋的步骤。 + +运用列数字的说明方法,把制作过程写得更清楚。 + +本文是自编课文。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00040.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00040.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..29b7e8a11a5d286d2f3302a0639ed9733dcc3f83 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00040.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +“找我妈!” + +“你妈是谁?” + +我大声说出了母亲的名字。 + +“那儿!” + +老头朝最里边的一个角落一指。 + +我穿过一排排缝纫机,走到那个角落,看见一个极其瘦弱的脊背弯曲着,头凑到缝纫机板上。周围几只灯泡烤着我的脸。 + +“妈——” + +“妈——” + +背直起来了,我的母亲。转过 +hè +身来了,我的母亲。褐色的口罩上 +bèi +方,一双眼神疲惫的眼睛吃惊地望着我,我的母亲的眼睛…… + + + + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00041.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00041.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..38cf2234944560e3754bca1d07d2df918aea3c6d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00041.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +“周先生看这本书做什么?” + +“……”没有回答。好像难以回答。 + +许先生在旁说:“周先生什么书都看的。” + +在鲁迅先生家里做客人,刚开始是从法租界来到虹口,搭电车也要差不多一个钟头的工夫,所以那时候来的次数比较少。还记得有一次谈到半夜,一过12点电车就没有了,但那天不知讲了些什么,讲到一个段落就看看旁边小长桌上的圆钟,11点半了,11点45分了,电车没有了。 + +“反正已12点,电车已没有,那么再坐一会儿。”许先生如此劝着。 + +鲁迅先生好像听了所讲的什么引起了幻想,安静地举着象牙烟嘴在沉思着。 + +1 点钟以后,送我(还有别的朋友)出来的是许先生,外边下着蒙蒙的小雨,弄堂里灯光全然灭掉了。鲁迅先生嘱咐许先生一定让坐小汽车回去,并且一定嘱咐许先生付钱。 + +以后也住到北四川路来,就每晚饭后必到大陆新村来了,刮风的天,下雨的天,几乎没有间断的时候。 + +鲁迅先生很喜欢北方饭。还喜欢吃油炸的东西,喜欢吃硬的东西,就是后来生病的时候,也不大喝牛奶。鸡汤端到旁边用调羹舀了一二下就算了事。 + +有一天约好我去包饺子吃,那还是住在法租界,所以带了外国酸菜和用绞肉机绞成的牛肉。就和许先生站在客厅后边的方桌边包起来,海婴公子围着闹得起劲。一会儿把按成圆饼的面拿去了,他说做了一只船来,送在我们的眼前,我们不看它,转身他又做了一只小鸡,许先生和我都不去看它,对他竭力避免加以赞美,若一赞美起来,怕他更做得起劲。 + +客厅后没到黄昏就先黑了,背上感到些微的寒凉,知道衣裳不够了,但为着忙,没有加衣裳去。等把饺子包完了看看那数目并不多,这才知道和许先生谈话谈得太多,误了工作。许先生谈怎样离开家的,怎样到天津读书的,在女师大读书时怎样做了家庭教师,她去考家庭教师的那一段描写,非常有趣,只取一名,可是考了好几十名,她之能够当选算是难得了。指望对于学费有一点儿补足。冬天来了,北平又冷,那家离学校又远,每月除了车子钱之外,若伤风感冒还得自己拿出买阿司匹林的钱来,每月薪金10元要从西城跑到东城…… + +饺子煮好,一上楼梯,就听到楼上鲁迅先生的明朗的笑声冲下楼梯来,原来有几个朋友在楼上也正谈得热闹。那一天吃得是很好的。 + +以后我们又做过韭菜合子,又做过荷叶饼,我一提议鲁迅先生必然赞成,而我做得又不好,可是鲁迅先生还是在饭桌上举着筷子问许先生:“我再吃几个吗?” + +因为鲁迅先生的胃不大好,每饭后必吃“脾自美”胃药丸一二粒, + +有一天下午鲁迅先生正在校对着瞿秋白的《海上述林》$^①$,我一走进卧室去,从那圆 + + + +①瞿秋白(1899—1935),现代作家、翻译家、中国无产阶级革命家、中国共产党早期领导人。江苏常州人。1935年被国民党秘密杀害,《海上述林》是由鲁迅等人收集出版的瞿秋白遗文集,共两卷。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00042.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00042.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..61e258d59168b2f3a90850f6d0cac3d5beca8178 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00042.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +许先生告诉我的,她也不知道鲁迅先生为什么常常看这小画。 + +有人来问他这样那样的,他说: + +“你们自己学着做,若没有我呢!” + +这一次鲁迅先生好了。 + +还有一样不同的,觉得做事要多做…… + +鲁迅先生以为自己好了,别人也以为鲁迅先生好了。 + +准备冬天要庆祝鲁迅先生工作30年。 + +又过了三个月。 + +1936年10月17日,鲁迅先生病又发了,又是气喘。 + +17 日,一夜未眠。 + +18 日,终日喘着。 + +19 日,夜的下半夜,人衰弱到极点了。天将发白时,鲁迅先生就像他平日一样,工作完了,他休息了。 + +1939年10月 + +## 思考与探究 + +1. 阅读课文,说说生活中的鲁迅是一个什么样的人,这与作为思想家的鲁迅有什么不同。请用课文中的事例来说明。 + +2. 写作此文,作者融入了很多感情,这也是回忆录的一个重要特点。品昧下面的句子,体会作者的感情。 + +(1)这种眼光鲁迅先生在记范爱农先生的文字里曾自己述说过,而谁曾接触过这种眼光的人就会感到一个旷代的全智者的催逼。 + +(2)但他还是展读着每封由不同角落里投来的青年的信,眼睛不济时,便戴起眼镜来看,常常看到夜里很深的时光。 + +(3)鲁迅先生坐在那儿和一个乡下的安静老人一样。 + +(4)许先生说鸡鸣的时候,鲁迅先生还是坐着,街上的汽车嘟嘟地叫起来了,鲁迅先生还是坐着。 + +有时许先生醒了,看着玻璃窗白萨萨的了,灯光也不显得怎样亮了,鲁迅先生的背影不像夜里那样黑大。 + +鲁迅先生的背影是灰黑色的,仍旧坐在那里。 + +(5)19日,夜的下半夜,人衰弱到极点了。天将发白时,鲁迅先生就像他平日一样,工作完了,他休息了。 + +3. 这篇传记是如何捕捉和描写鲁迅的生活细节,表现传主的个性的?作为一篇回忆录,这篇课文在语言和结构等方面有什么艺术特色? + + + +## 拓展与实践 + +我们已经学过很多鲁迅先生的作品,对他的作品风格及人格品质有了一定的了解。有的同学可能 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00043.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00043.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..596782f0de4dc0a0ff614b409fa20c207a5d72d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00043.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + +## 阅读提示 + +近百年来,我们的前辈为了拯救灾难中的民族,曾经抛头颅,洒热血,前仆后继地奋斗,支持他们无私无畏的斗争的,就是坚定的革命信念。现在时代发生了巨大的变化,但作为一种不断追求人类进步、始终善于批判性的精神资源,这种革命的信念仍然非常宝贵。同学们虽然从小就不断接受革命传统的教育,对“革命”这个词,都耳熟能详。但理解可能更限于理性的层面,对于革命先驱的革命行为、革命信念都缺乏鲜活的感性认识。阅读革命伟人的传记,可能会弥补这样的缺憾。 + +1936 年 10 月,美国记者斯诺曾在陕北保安采访过毛泽东,根据他的谈话记录整理而成这篇《毛泽东自传》。从中我们可以读到毛泽东的许多传奇的经历、睿智的哲思,以及对旧制度的批判,我们也就能够理解,毛泽东之所以能够成为 20 世纪最有威望的革命领袖,除了时代的呼唤,跟他自身的意志、性格、心理也都有关;他对革命的坚定信念、献身理想的使命感,还有他的坚强的毅力和百折不挠的奋斗精神,都是成为一代伟人的重要因素。 + +阅读这篇传记时,除了了解毛泽东的革命实践,还应当细细体味这位伟人在回忆自己的成长以及革命历程时的情感指向,特别是他的幽默、自信与大气的风格。 + +《毛泽东自传》最初是斯诺《西行漫记》中的一篇。1947年胶东新华书店出版的《中国共产党年表》一书中,附录了此文,署名“史诺笔录,汪衡译”,是影响较大的版本。2003年青岛出版社根据这个本子重加校订,出版了《毛泽东自传》。这里选收的即是这个版本,有删节。 + +## 一颗红星的幼年 + +我于 1893 年生于湖南湘潭县的韶山冲。我的父亲$^{①}$是一个贫农,他年轻的时候,因负债累累,便去投军,当了一年多的兵。后来,他回到我生长的村上,由于拼命地节省,他靠着做小生意和其他事业赚了一点儿钱,设法买回了他的土地。 + +这时我家有15亩田,成为中农了。在这些田中,每年可以收获60担谷,全家五口,每年一共消费35担——这就是说,每人约7担——这样每年可以多余25担。靠了这个剩 + +① 毛泽东的父亲,名叫毛贻昌,字顺生,号良弼。17岁开始当家理事,因为负债被迫外出在湘军里当了一年多的兵。据《西行漫记》载,他的母亲“在娘家的名字叫文其美”,母亲在同族姐妹中排行第七,人称“文七妹”。母亲的娘家在湘潭县唐家坨(后改为棠佳阁),同韶山冲只有一山之隔,相距十余里。七妹18岁时和毛贻昌结婚,共生五男二女,但有四人夭折,只余毛泽东、毛泽民、毛泽覃兄弟三人。毛泽东的祖父毛恩普,是个憨厚的庄稼人,曾因家境窘迫,将祖传的一些田产典当。毛贻昌是毛恩普唯一的儿子。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00044.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00044.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2751060ba7bd7ae765ebc3e0598f00e37523790c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00044.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +## 鲁迅 + + + +深刻与伟大的另一面是平和 + +——萧红 + + + +在全国第二回木刻流动展览上摄 +(1936年) + +◆横眉冷对千夫指,俯首甘为孺子牛。 + +◆ 现在青年最要紧的是“行”,不是“言”。 + +◆取下假面,真诚地,深入地,大胆地看取人生。 + +◆要做就做,与其说明年喝酒,不如立刻喝水。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00045.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00045.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..593ea0708276c027c60183d7cf8ecf80855166fe --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00045.md @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +儿不跟我的同类交往。(他戴上眼镜,注视着这两个同类)尽管相同之处并不多。(他摘掉眼镜)凳子!(幸运儿放下口袋和篮子,上前,打开折叠,放好,走回原处,重新拿起口袋和篮子)过来!(波阜坐下,拿鞭子柄顶往幸运儿的胸膛推了一下)回去!(幸运儿退后一步)远点儿!(幸运儿又退后一步)站住!(幸运儿止步。向弗拉季米尔和爱斯特拉冈)正是因为这个缘故,只要你们不反对,我倒是想跟你们在一块儿消磨一些时光,随后再赶我的路。篮子!(幸运儿上前,递上篮子,回到原处)新鲜的空气能使人开胃。(他打开篮子,取出一只笋鸡、一块面包和一瓶酒)篮子!(幸运儿上前,拿起篮子,回到原处)离远点儿!(幸运儿退后一步)他浑身发臭。祝你们健康!(他从酒瓶里喝了一口酒,把酒瓶放下,开始吃东西。沉默。弗拉季米尔和爱斯特拉冈开始围着幸运儿转,上下打量着他,起初小心翼翼,越到后来胆子越大。波阜大口地吃着笋鸡,啃干净骨头后就随手扔掉。幸运儿打起盹来,身子渐渐下沉,直到口袋和篮子都碰着地面,随后突然惊醒过来,一下子挺直身子,跟着又打起盹来,身子渐渐下沉。) + +爱斯特拉冈 他什么地方不舒服? + +弗拉季米尔 他似乎累啦。 + +爱斯特拉冈 他干吗不把口袋放下来? + +弗拉季米尔 我怎么知道?(他们走近他身边)当心! + +爱斯特拉冈 跟他说几句话。 + +弗拉季米尔 瞧! + +爱斯特拉冈 什么? + +弗拉季米尔 (指着)他的脖子。 + +爱斯特拉冈(望着他的脖子)我什么也没看见。 + +弗拉季米尔 这儿。 + +(爱斯特拉冈过去站在弗拉季米尔身边。 + +爱斯特拉冈 哦,天哪! + +弗拉季米尔 一个流着脓的疮。 + +爱斯特拉冈 是绳子勒的。 + +弗拉季米尔 是磨破的。 + +爱斯特拉冈 这是难免的。 + +弗拉季米尔 是绳子的结磨的。 + +爱斯特拉冈 是擦伤的。 + +(他们重新打量起他来,仔细看他的脸。 + +弗拉季米尔 他长得不难看。 + +爱斯特拉冈(耸肩,作了个怪脸)你看仔细了? + + + +弗拉季米尔 有点儿像女人。 + +爱斯特拉冈 瞧他的口水。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00046.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00046.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5a8d19cf797d2a9c4b3176430247a57cffa91701 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00046.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +## 第一单元 + +## 索福克勒斯与《俄狄浦斯王》 + + + +命运总是同人开玩笑,当你向东走的时候,却进入了西边的房间。 + +## 相关链接 + +## 索福克勒斯的生平与创作 + +索福克勒斯(约公元前495—前406)是古希腊三大悲剧诗人之一。他出生于雅典西北郊的科洛诺斯,父亲是一个富有的兵器工场场主。索福克勒斯生活在雅典奴隶主民主制的盛世,曾积极参加政治活动,当选为雅典十将军之一和税务委员会主席。不过他在政治方面并未有很高的建树,而是以“悲剧诗人”闻名于世。当时的雅典盛行戏剧比赛,他于公元前468年第一次在悲剧竞赛中战胜埃斯库罗斯,成为当时悲剧创作中的领军人物,27年后才被另一位悲剧诗人欧里庇德斯击败。据说他一生创作了约130部戏剧,但现存的只有7部,代表作品是《安提戈涅》和《俄狄浦斯王》。亚里士多德在《诗学》中多次把索福克勒斯的戏剧当做典范来引用。亚里士多德说,索福克勒斯在悲剧中遵循按照“人应当有的样子”来描写的原则,善于利用神话传说,塑造了一系列理想的人物形象。他的悲剧布局复杂、严密,善于描写事件的突变,设置的戏剧动作合情合理,富于张力,令人信服。在他之前,舞台上说话演员只有两个,从索福克勒斯起,增加到3个,使戏剧人物更加丰富多彩,冲突更加复杂化,对话成分也明显增加,歌队退居次要地位。可以说,西方悲剧的结构程式在索福克勒斯的创作中基本达到完善程度,在以后的很长时间里没有大的变化,亚里士多德高度评价《俄狄浦斯王》的结构,把它视为古希腊悲剧的典范。文艺复兴以后,欧洲的戏剧界表现出了对索福克勒斯的不衰的兴趣,直到今日,《俄狄浦斯王》和《安提戈涅》还是欧洲经常上演的剧目。 + +## 《俄狄浦斯王》剧情梗概 + +《俄狄浦斯王》的故事发生在忒拜城。忒拜城的创建者卡德摩斯的第四代继承人是伊阿索斯。他曾诱拐佩罗普斯之子,导致被诱拐的孩子自杀而死。佩罗普斯发誓让伊阿索斯的后代不得好报。就在伊阿索斯娶了伊俄卡斯忒为妻想生一个儿子时,太阳神阿波罗警告他:“如果给你一个儿子,他将要杀父娶母,这是宙斯给你的命运惩罚。因为你曾背叛对佩罗普斯犯下了罪。”后来,伊俄卡斯忒生下一子。为避免厄运,她把生下不到3天的爱子交给一个牧羊人,令他弃于山中。但这个牧羊人却把他交 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00047.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00047.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b5c4dbd6893daf2c875c19d4ca513f33cf7fc915 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00047.md @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +死了他。这似灵不灵的神示已被波吕玻斯随着带着,和他一起躺在冥府里,不值半文钱了。 + +伊俄卡斯忒 我不是早就这样告诉了你吗? + +俄狄浦斯 你倒是这样说过,可是,我因为害怕,迷失了方向。 + +伊俄卡斯忒 现在别再把这件事放在心上了。 + +俄狄浦斯 难道我不该害怕玷污我母亲的床榻吗? + +伊俄卡斯忒 偶然控制着我们,未来的事又看不清楚,我们为什么惧怕呢?最好尽可能随随便便地生活。别害怕你会玷污你母亲的婚姻;许多人会曾梦中娶过母亲$^①$;但是那些不以为意的人却安乐地生活。 + +俄狄浦斯 要不是我母亲还活着,你这话倒也对;可是她既然健在,即使你说得对,我也应当害怕啊! + +伊俄卡斯忒 可是你父亲的死总是个很大的安慰。 + +俄狄浦斯 我知道是个很大的安慰,可是我害怕那活着的妇人。 + +报信人 你害怕的妇人是谁呀? + +俄狄浦斯 老人家,是波吕玻斯的妻子墨洛珀。 + +报 信 人 她哪一点使你害怕? + +俄狄浦斯 啊,客人,是因为神送来的可怕预言。 + +报信人 说得说不得?是不是不可以让人知道? + +俄狄浦斯 当然可以。罗克西阿斯曾说我命中注定要娶自己的母亲,亲手杀死自己的父亲。因此多年来我远离着科任托斯。我在此虽然幸福,可是看见父母的容颜是件很大的乐事啊。 + +报信人 你真的因为害怕这些事,离开了那里? + +俄狄浦斯 啊,老人家,还因为我不想成为杀父的凶手。 + +报信人 主上啊,我怀着好意前来,怎么不能解除你的恐惧呢? + +俄狄浦斯 你依然可以从我手里得到很大的应得报酬。 + +报 信 人 我是特别为此而来的,等你回去的时候,我可以得到一些好处呢。 + +俄狄浦斯 但是我决不肯回到我父母家里。 + +报 信 人 年轻人!显然你不知道你在做什么。 + +俄狄浦斯 怎么不知道呢,老人家?看在天神面上,告诉我吧。 + +报信人 如果你是为了这个缘故不敢回家。 + +俄狄浦斯 我害怕福玻斯的预言在我身上应验。 + +报 信 人 是不是害怕因为杀父娶母而犯罪? + +俄狄浦斯是的,老人家,这件事一直在吓唬我。 + +报信人 你知道你没有理由害怕吗? + + + +①(许多人曾梦中娶过母亲)此处大概暗射希庇亚斯(Hippias)的故事。希庇亚斯是雅典的僭主,后来被放逐。他在马拉松之役(公元前490年)前夕做了这样一个梦,他把雅典当做母亲,认为这是他借波斯兵力复辟的吉兆。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00048.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00048.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..77043e6c1e8f346872e0bf5497b1f68ab63c020b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00048.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ + +在艾耳密尔假意担心被丈夫看见时,这个无耻的骗子竟然放肆地嘲笑起自己的恩主了: + +他是一个我牵着鼻子走路的人。他以我们的全部谈话为荣,我已经把他摆布到这步田地:看见什么,不信什么。 + +戴在桌子底下的奥尔贡终于看清了这个伪君子的真面目,当达尔杜弗一再向艾耳密尔调情时,他从桌子下钻出来喝止达尔杜弗滚出去。但是,达尔杜弗露出狰狞面孔,说道:“应该离开这里的却是你,因为这个家是我的家。”原来,奥尔贡不仅把财产交给了达尔杜弗,而且还把他私藏的一个反对王室的朋友的秘密文件也交给了达尔杜弗保管。正当达尔杜弗向政府告发奥尔贡,并带人前来逮捕他时,国王的官员却宣布:“王爷圣明”,查知达尔杜弗原来是一个积案累累的骗子,国王以他至高无上的权力赦免了曾经勤王建功的奥尔贡,并将达尔杜弗投入狱。 + +## 剧作选读 + +## 第 三 幕$^{①}$ + +## 第 二 场 + +达尔杜弗,劳朗,道丽娜。 + +达尔杜弗 (望见道丽娜。)劳朗,把我修行的苦衣$^{②}$和教鞭$^{③}$收好了;祷告上帝,神光永远照亮你的心地。有人来看我,就说我把募来的钱分给囚犯去了。 + +道丽娜 真会装蒜、吹牛! + +达尔杜弗 你有什么事? + +道丽娜 告诉您…… + +达尔杜弗 (从他的衣袋内掏出一条手绢。)啊!我的上帝,我求你了,在说话之前,先给我拿着这条手绢。 + +道丽娜 干什么? + +达尔杜弗 盖上你的胸脯。我看不下去:像这样的情形,败坏人心,引起有罪的思想。 + +道丽娜 原来您这样经不起诱惑,肉身子对您起这么大的作用?说实话,我不知道您心里热烘烘的,在冒什么东西,可是我呀,简直麻木不仁,我可以从头到脚看您光着。您浑身上下的皮,别想动得了我的心。 + +达尔杜弗 你说话要有一点分寸,不然的话,我马上就走。 + +道丽娜 不,不,该走的是我,您待下来吧,我就那么一句话对您讲。太太就要到楼底下这间大厅来,希望您赏脸谈谈。 + +达尔杜弗 哎呀!欢迎之至。 + + + +①选自《莫里哀喜剧》第二集(湖南人民出版社1982年版)。李健吾译。②〔苦衣〕修士修行穿的一种用山羊毛或瓢编织成的贴身内衣。有人解释为一种用有刺的铁丝编织成的贴身的腰带。③〔教鞭〕是修行者用的鞭子,有的是细绳揉成的,有的是细铁链扭成的,自己犯了过失打自己,或者门徒犯了过失打门徒。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00049.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00049.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..33255bcc161aa645d78aee8405f336e9903c4a6a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00049.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ + + +## 目录 + +概论……1 +第一单元 索福克勒斯与《俄狄浦斯王》……5 +第二单元 莎士比亚与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》……16 +第三单元 汤显祖与《牡丹亭》……28 +第四单元 莫里哀与《伪君子》……34 +第五单元 易卜生与《玩偶之家》……46 + +第六单元 契诃夫与《三姐妹》……59 +第七单元 曹禺与《北京人》……75 +第八单元 老舍与《茶馆》……91 +第九单元 贝克特与《等待戈多》……108 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00050.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00050.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..af1ca768a4e6a0fa57ee020cc4aa120eccfa2629 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00050.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +## 在希望的田野上 + +陈晓光 + +我们的家乡在希望的田野上, + +炊烟在新建的住房上飘荡, + +小河在美丽的村庄旁流淌。 + +一片冬麦,一片高粱, + +十里荷塘,十里果香。 + +我们世世代代在这田野上生活, + +为她富裕,为她兴旺。 + +我们的理想在希望的田野上, + +禾苗在农民的汗水里抽穗。 + +牛羊在牧人的笛声中成长。 + +西村纺花,东港撒网, + +北疆播种,南国打场。 + +我们世世代代在这田野上劳动, + +为她打扮,为她梳妆。 + +我们的未来在希望的田野上, + +人们在明媚的阳光下生活。 + +生活在人们的劳动中变样。 + +老人们举杯,孩子们欢笑, + +小伙儿弹琴,姑娘歌唱. + +我们世世代代在这田野上奋斗, + +为她幸福,为她增光 diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00051.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00051.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b603275b90cfe30cc63d416fa566cd1a59d4c2e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00051.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +## 口语交际 + +## 意见不同怎么办 + +对生活中的很多事情,大家的意见会有分歧,需要协商才能解决。如,遇到下面这样的情况,应该怎么办呢? + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
事 例有关方面的人
爆竹声声辞旧岁,银花朵朵贺新年。噼里啪啦的爆竹、五彩缤纷的烟花,给人们带来浓浓的年味和喜庆气氛,但也在环保、安全等方面带来很多问题。一些城市在燃放鞭炮方面的政策也在不断摇摆。那么,春节到底该不该放烟花爆竹呢?普通市民
消防队员
环卫工人
鞭炮厂工人
……
十几年前,我国南方某市为了拓宽城市道路,不顾很多人反对,砍掉了道路两边生长了几十年的大树。这件事在当地引起了热议。有人认为,为拓宽城市道路,促进经济繁荣,砍树是值得的;有人认为,砍树容易栽树难,政府应该另想办法发展交通,不应该砍树——要路还是要树?司机
交通运输局工作人员
道路附近居民
生态环境局局长
……
+ +分小组,选择一则材料进行讨论。讨论时,小组成员分别选择一个角色,从这个角色出发阐述对这个问题的看法。听到不同意见,要换位思考,积极沟通。 + +- 准确把握别人的观点,不歪曲,不断章取义。 + +- 尊重不同意见,讨论问题时,态度要平和,以理服人。 diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00052.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00052.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..68d58f6670926782f1f9dbca7c8329e54499eec1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00052.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +## 习作 + +## 学写倡议书 + +如果你有一个想法希望得到大家的支持,并一起去实施,可以写一份倡议书。如,号召同学们节约用水、不使用一次性用品,倡议居民进行垃圾分类。读读下面的倡议书,和同学交流写倡议书需要注意什么。 + +“节约用水”倡议书 + +同学们: + +我国是水资源紧缺的国家,爱护水资源是我们每个人的义务。节约用水不能仅仅是一句口号,我们还要时时刻刻注意从自身做起。为此,我们向全校同学发出节约用水的倡议,让我们从今天起努力做到以下几点: + +1.洗漱时,及时关掉水龙头。 + +2.一水多用,充分利用水資源。如,用淘米水浇花,用洗脸水冲厕所。 + +3.制作“节约用水”的标签并张贴。 + +4.看到浪费水的行为,要及时劝说并制止。一份倡议,一个承诺,一种责任。亲爱的同学们,让我们行动起来吧! + +育英小学阳光中队全体少先队员 +12月8日 + + +标题要鲜明。 + +依据倡议的对象写称呼。有时也可以不用称呼,在正文中点出即可。 + +正文写清楚倡议的内容,可以分点说明。 + +最后要署名并写上日期。 + +仿照上面的例子,就你关心的问题写一份倡议书。 + +根据倡议的对象,将倡议书发布在合适的地方,如校园的公告栏,小区的布告栏、网络论坛。 diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00053.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00053.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..877b0459fab923134422169b1618f57fa8f968a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00053.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +公交车是常用交通工具,选择合适的乘车方案,能让出行更顺利、快捷。读材料,想一想:小林同学家住温泉镇,他希望早上9点以前赶到在宋家洼的外婆家,好跟舅舅一起去爬山。他怎样乘车最合适? + + + +86路车停靠常家岭、商品城等10个站点。一般来说,停靠的站点越多,需要的时间越长。 + + + +首班车时间是指最早一班车的发车时间,末班车时间是指最晚一班车的发车时间。 + + + +## 日积月累 + +五行:金、木、水、火、土 + +五谷:稻、麦、黍、菽、稷 + +五音:宫、商、角、徵、羽 + +五彩:黄、青、赤、白、黑 diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00054.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00054.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..683da28cf9ca854a6135681d828a0e91ee8830e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00054.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +## 口语交际 + +## 聊聊书法 + +书法是我们的国粹,散发着艺术的魅力,受到人们的喜爱和珍视。今天,我们一起来聊聊书法吧! + + + +王羲之《兰亭集序》(冯承素摹本) + +◇你知道我国古代哪些著名的书法家?你知道他们的哪些故事? + +◇你参观过书法作品展览吗?你欣赏哪些人的作品? + +◇你学习过书法吗?在这一过程中,有什么特别的感受? + +◇你认为练习书法有什么益处? + +可以课前先搜集资料,作好准备。 + +和同学交流的时候,表述要清楚。结合图片、实物,能让你的讲述更加生动。 + +有条理地表达,如分点说明。 + +对感兴趣的话题深入交谈。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00055.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00055.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..28b42d719190b6a20562a806e2332b7e557bb904 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00055.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +## 习作 + +## 我的拿手好戏 + +十八般武艺,样样是好戏! + +◇ 跳舞,唱歌,画画,变魔术 + +◇ 剪纸,捏泥人,做标本,做航模 + +◇ 挑西瓜,做面包,炒拿手菜 + +◇ 吹口哨,玩魔方,钓鱼 + +…… + +你的拿手好戏是什么?写下来,和同学一起交流吧!写之前想一想: + +◇ 你的拿手好戏是怎样练成的?关于拿手好戏,有哪些想要分享的故事? + +◇ 怎样写你的拿手好戏?哪些内容先写?哪些内容后写? + +◇ 哪些内容作为重点部分?哪些内容可以写得简略一些? + +可以仿照下面的例子列一个提纲。 + +《三招挑西瓜》 + +点明拿手好戏是挑西瓜。 + +简单介绍: 是怎样练成挑西瓜的拿手好戏的。 + +具体写: 周末和同学郊游时挑西瓜、吃西瓜的趣事。 + +我用“看、拍、听”三招,自信地挑了两个大西瓜。 + +第一个西瓜很好,得到同学的夸赞,我很得意。 + +第二个西瓜没熟,我很尴尬——拿手好戏演砸啦! + +写完后读一读,看看是否通顺,重点部分是不是写具体了,再改一改。 diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00056.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00056.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..818ebd5098c055721b8fec175fd9741141d64192 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00056.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +## 语文园地 + +## 交流平台 + +俗话说,好记性不如烂笔头。做课堂笔记,是一个非常好的学习习惯,不仅能帮助我们记忆,还能促使我们积极思考。 + +我在课堂笔记本上,记录了老师讲的重要内容。 + +## 23 月光曲 + +有了疑问,需要继续思考,或者查找资料的,我会认真记下来。 + +1. 传说是这样谱成的。 + +“传说”?看来这首曲子的创作过程不一定是这样。查资料了解一下。 + +2. 您就是贝多芬先生吧? + +盲姑娘听琴声猜出了贝多芬, +这是说贝多芬遇到了知音吧? + +我会把听课过程中产生的想法记录下来。 + +## 词句段运用 + +日常生活中使用的一些词语与戏曲有关。读一读下面的词语,和同学交流它们的意思,再选一两个说句子。 + +亮相 行当 压轴 行头 + +跑⻰套 唱⽩脸 花架子 对台戏 + +粉墨登场 字正腔圆 有板有眼 科班出身 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00057.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00057.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e0513d1bda228629da07fd3dcf2ff4839c4532a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00057.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +## 第八单元 + +有的人活着, + +他已经死了; + +有的人死了, + +他还活着。 + +——臧克家 + +〇 借助相关资料,理解课文主要内容。 + +〇 通过事情写一个人,表达出自己的情感。 + +鲁迅,原名周树人,浙江绍兴人。主要作品有小说集《呐喊》《彷徨》《故事新编》,散文诗集《野草》,散文集《朝花夕拾》,以及大量杂文。他是伟大的文学家,思想家,革命家,五四新文化运动的重要参与者,中国现代文学的奠基人。 + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00058.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00058.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4177f75c3343b709a8e6b4652dd7b4729b90fe0b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00058.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +阿!闰土的心里有无穷无尽的希奇的事,都是我往常的朋友所不知道的。他们不知道一些事,闰土在海边时,他们都和我一样只看见院子里高墙上的四角的天空。 + +可惜正月过去了,闰土须回家里去,我急得大哭,他也躲到厨房里,哭着不肯出门,但终于被他父亲带走了。他后来还托他的父亲带给我一包贝壳和几支很好看的鸟毛,我也曾送他一两次东西,但从此没有再见面。 + +郑拜租厨毡羞 + +撒缚猬伶俐窜 + +有感情地朗读课文。背诵第1自然段,体会闰土在“我”心中的美好形象。 + +课文写了月下看瓜刺猹的闰土、初次相识时的闰土、给“我”讲新鲜事的闰土。结合相关内容,说说闰土是个怎样的少年。 + +读句子,注意加点的部分,说说从中感受到“我”怎样的内心世界。 + +我那时并不知道这所谓猹的是怎么一件东西——便是现在也没有知道…… + +我素不知道天下有这许多新鲜事…… + +阿!闰土的心里有无穷无尽的希奇的事,都是我往常的朋友所不知道的…… + +## 小练笔 + +照片凝固了我们生活中的一个个瞬间。从你的照片中选一张,仿照第1自然段写一写。 + +①〔希奇〕现在写作“稀奇”。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00059.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00059.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c5317513a69c037a79528f0d2fb70199a3ca1889 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00059.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +## 语文园地 + +## 交流平台 + +阅读文章,要注意把握文章的主要内容。 + +我们已经知道:文章的题目有时能提示文章的主要内容;关键句对了解主要内容也很有帮助;写一件事的文章,可以通过理清事情的起因、经过、结果来把握主要内容。 + +一般来讲,了解了文章每个部分主要讲的是什么,再把各个部分的主要意思连起来,就能把握主要内容。如《只有一个地球》,我们可以边读边列提纲,把各部分的内容写出来,再连起来想一想,就知道了文章的主要内容。 + +把握文章的主要内容,不同的文章有不同的方法,我们要灵活运用。 + +## 词句段运用 + +读下面各组题目,说说你的发现,和同学交流。 + +这是用文章中的主要人物作题目。 + +少年闰土 狼牙山五壮士 军神 + +开国大典 “诺曼底号”遇难记 草船借箭 +竹节人 桥 芦花鞋 + +这组题目很有意思,因为…… + +在牛肚子里旅行 “精彩极了”和“糟糕透了” 慢性子裁缝和急性子顾客 + +读下面的词语,你想到了什么?选择一个词语,把你想到的用一段话写下来。 + +饱经风霜的脸 饱经风霜的老屋 饱经风霜的大树 + +树林的深处 秋天的深处 心灵的深处 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00060.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00060.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3352ae5610e8040dd62462388545f5079a976f8c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00060.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +## 书写提示 + +下面两位同学的书写作品。我们也来试着写一写,举办一次书写作品展览。 + + + +○注意行款整齐、布局合理。 + +○书写要正确,不出现错别字和不规范的字。 + +○养成自我检视的习惯,不断提高书写水平。 + +我最亲爱的孩子啊!母亲不用十言万语来教育你,就用实行来教育你,在你长大成人之后,希望不要忘记你的母亲是为国而牺牲的! + +摘自《赵一曼写给儿子的信》xxx书 + + + +## 日积月累 + +〇 捐躯赴国难,视死忽如归。——曹植 + +〇 祖宗疆土,当以死守,不可以尺寸与人。 +—— 李纲 + +〇 位卑未敢忘忧国。——陆游 diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00061.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00061.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ea910889664a7bd75b03e3c6c2943cc576143fd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00061.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +仔细想来,那个发明这竹节人的家伙,准也是坐这种课桌长大的。 + + + +把穿着九个竹节的鞋线嵌入课桌裂缝里,在下面一拉紧,那立在裂缝上的竹节们就站成一个壮士模 + +chā +样,叉腿张胳膊,威风凛凛,跟现今健美比赛中那脖子老粗、浑身疙瘩肉的小伙子差不多。 + +将鞋线一松一紧,那竹节人就手舞之、身摆之地动起来。两个竹节人放在一起,那就是搏斗了,没头没脑地对打着,不知疲倦,也永不会倒下。 + +qiǎ +有时其中一个的线卡住了,那“斗士”便显出一副呆头呆脑的傻样子,挺着肚子净挨揍。 + +gū +竹节人手上系一根冰棍棒,就成了手握金箍棒的孙悟空,号称“齐天小圣”,四个字歪歪斜斜刻在竹节人背上,神气! + +dòu +找到两根针织机上废弃的钩针,装在竹节人手上,就成了窦尔 +dūn +敦的虎头双钩。把“金钩大王”刻在竹节人的胸口,神气! + +yǎn liǔ +用铅皮剪一把偃月刀,用铁丝系一绺红丝线做一柄蛇矛,给那竹节人装上,再挖空心思取一个更威风、更吓人、叫得更响的名号。 + +yǎn +破课桌,俨然一个剑拔弩张的古战场。 + +还有同学别出心裁,想技高一筹,给竹节人粘上一个橡皮雕 diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00062.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00062.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2143f8204f957b62a5f2a5142ab4c7dd888a003d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00062.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +## 11 宇宙生命之谜 + +多年来,人们一直在探索宇宙生命问题。我们常常有这样的疑问:宇宙中,除了地球外,其他星球上是否也有生命存在?为了解决这个疑惑,有位同学找到了这篇文章。 + +浏览了这一段后,发现它对了解地球之外是否有生命没有帮助。 + +古时候,科学不发达,人们一直向往着“天上的世界”。于是,有了许许多多的故事:嫦娥奔 +pán +月,仙女下凡,蟠桃盛会……现在,科学发达了,人们知道那都是古人编出来的。但是,地球之外的太空中是否有生命存在,仍然是一个吸引人的问题。 + +每个自然段往往有提示主要意思的语句,阅读时我要注意找出来。 + +从理论上说,宇宙是无限的。地球只是太阳系中的一颗行星,而太阳系只是银河系中一个极小的 +cāng sù +部分,银河系对宇宙来说又是沧海一粟。整个银河 +héng +系中有几千亿颗恒星,类似太阳系这样的天体系统为数不少,其中肯定有与地球类似的行星。可以猜测,地球绝不是有生命存在的唯一天体。但是,人类至今尚未找到另外一颗存在生命的星球。 + +哪些天体上可能有生命存在呢?这个天体又必须具备什么样的条件呢?人们了解了生命起源的过程之后,认为至少应有这样几个条件:一是适合生物生存的温度,一般应在-50~150℃之间;二是 + +本文作者张申碚、赵晓梅,选作课文时有改动。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00063.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00063.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..907e2a88930da28573c30761d0ed66e8a188e1a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00063.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +和门。时间紧迫,又值天寒地冻,修复三门肯定来不及。于是,宫中请来市面上扎彩棚的能工巧匠,按原建筑面貌复制,其高卑广 +lòu wéi xiào +狭,乃至檐角小兽、大吻雕镂,无不惟妙惟肖,即使宫中人员也看 +wěi yú +不出真伪,而且高逾数丈竟风吹不摇。这样总算应付过了大婚。 + +——选自姜舜源的《故宫史话》,有改动 + +## 材料三 + +故宫博物院欢迎您! + +北京故宫(旧称紫禁城)是明清两代的皇家宫殿。 + +1961年,经国务院批准,故宫被定为全国重点文物保护单位。1987年,被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产名录。 + +自2011年7月2日起,故宫博物院实行自南向北单向参观路线:午门(南门)只作为参观人口,观众一律从午门进入故宫;神武门(北门)只作为参观出口,观众参观结束后可由神武门或东华门(东门)离开故宫。 + + +(资料来源:2016年12月的故宫博物院官方网站) diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00064.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00064.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6f45cefe2c2925c272326082b85a9a9dee74491e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00064.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +## 语文园地 + +## 交流平台 + + + +学习了这个单元,我知道了要根据目的选择合适的材料。如,要为家人计划故宫一日游,应该重点阅读材料一、材料三和材料四。 + +读文章时,与阅读目的关联性不强的内容,不需要逐字逐句地读,这样可以提高阅读速度。如,带着“写玩具制作指南,并教别人玩这种玩具”这一任务读《竹节人》,有关玩竹节人的有趣经历这部分内容,浏览一下就可以了。 + + + + + +我逐渐养成了一个习惯,读书时先想想阅读的目的,再有针对性地选择适合的阅读方法。 + +## 词句段运用 + +下面的句子写出了人对某件事入迷的样子。读一读,试着写一写类似的情景。 + +◇ 下课时,教室里摆开场子,吸引了一圈黑脑袋,攒着观战,还跺脚拍手,咋咋呼呼,好不热闹。常要等老师进来,才知道已经上课。 + +◇ 偏偏后面的同学不知趣,看得入了迷,伸长脖子,恨不能从我们肩膀上探过来。 + +◇ 只见罗丹一会儿上前,一会儿后退,嘴里叽里咕噜的,好像在跟谁说悄悄话;忽然眼睛闪着异样的光,似乎在跟谁激烈地争吵。他把地板踩得吱吱响,手不停地挥动……一刻钟过去了,半小时过去了,罗丹越干越有劲,情绪更加激动了。他像喝醉了酒一样,整个世界对他来讲好像已经消失了——大约过了一个小时,罗丹才停下来,对着塑像痴痴地微笑,然后轻轻地舒了口气。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00065.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00065.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5d2572e08eac58715eec5f13a081b821ffe9e058 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00065.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +快速默读课文,说说课文主要讲了一件什么事。 + +从课文中找出描写人物对话和心理活动的句子,有感情地读一读。说说从这些描写中,可以看出桑娜和渔夫是怎样的人。 + +渔家的小屋“温暖而舒适”,这样的环境描写对刻画桑娜这个人物有什么作用?找出课文中其他描写环境的句子,体会它们的作用。 + +## 小练笔 + +“是啊,是啊,”丈夫喃喃地说,“这天气真是活见鬼!可是有什么办法呢!” + +两个人沉默了一阵。 + +沉默中,桑娜会想些什么呢?联系课文内容,写一写桑娜的心理活动。 + +## 资料袋 + +列夫·托尔斯泰(1828—1910)是俄国作家。他的作品深受世界人民喜爱,代表作有《战争与和平》《安娜·卡列尼娜》《复活》等。 + + + +“不认识托尔斯泰者,不可能认识俄罗斯。”高尔基曾这样评价他。奥地利作家茨威格在传记作品《三作家》中这样刻画他的形象:“他生就一副多毛的脸庞,植被多于空地,浓密的胡髭使人难以看清他的内心世界。长髯覆盖了两颊,遮住了嘴唇,遮住了皱似树皮的黝黑脸膛,一根根迎风飘动,颇有长者风度。宽约一指的眉毛像纠缠不清的树根,朝上倒竖。一绺绺灰白的鬈发像泡沫一样堆在额头上。不管从哪个角度看,你都能见到热带森林般茂密的须发。” diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00066.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00066.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0627e3ea105d05a7cf63a0cb7f76a8476e67aca9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00066.md @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +## 春江花月夜$^{①}$ + +张若虚 + +春江潮水连海平,海上明月共潮生。 + +滟滟$^{②}$随波千万里,何处春江无月明$^{③}$。 + +江流宛转绕芳甸$^{④}$,月照花林皆似霰$^{⑤}$。 + +空里流霜$^{⑥}$不觉飞,汀上白沙看不见。 + +江天一色无纤尘,皎皎空中孤月轮。 + +江畔何人初见月?江月何年初照人? + +人生代代无穷已,江月年年望相似。 + +不知江月待何人,但见长江送流水。 + +白云一片去悠悠,青枫浦$^{⑦}$上不胜愁。 + +谁家今夜扁舟子$^{⑧}$?何处相思明月楼$^{⑨}$? + +可怜楼上月裴回$^{⑩}$,应照离人$^{⑪}$妆镜台。 + +玉户帘中卷不去$^{⑫}$,捣衣砧上拂还来。 + +此时相望不相闻,愿逐月华$^{⑬}$流照$^{⑭}$君。 + +鸿雁长飞光不度$^{⑮ }$,鱼龙潜跃水成文$^{⑯}$。 + +昨夜闲潭梦落花,可怜春半不还家。 + +江水流春去欲尽,江潭落月复西斜。 + +斜月沉沉藏海雾,碣石潇湘$^{⑰}$无限路。 + +不知乘月几人归,落月摇情满江树$^⑱$。 + +①选自《全唐诗》卷二十一(中华书局1999年版)。春江花月夜,乐府旧题。张若虚(约660—约720),扬州(今属江苏)人,唐代诗人。与贺知章、张旭、包融并称“吴中四士”。 + +②〔滟滟〕形容波光荡漾。 + +③〔月明〕月光。 + +④〔芳甸〕花草茂盛的原野。 + +⑤[霰(xiàn)]白色不透明的小冰粒。 + +⑥〔流霜〕飞霜,比喻从空中洒落的月光。 + +⑦〔青枫浦〕即双枫浦,在湖南浏阳南。 + +⑧〔扁舟子〕指飘荡江湖的游子。 + +⑨〔明月楼〕明月映照下的楼阁。这里指楼上的思妇。 + +⑩〔裴回〕同“徘徊”。 + +⑪〔离人〕指守候在家的思妇。 + +⑫〔玉户帘中卷不去〕意思是,月光洒在玉门帘上,欲卷而去之而不得。玉户,用玉装饰的门,也用作门的美称。 + +⑬[月华]月光。 + +⑭〔流照〕照射。 + +⑮[鸿雁长飞光不度]大雁远飞却不能飞出月光。暗示鸿雁不能传书。 + +⑯ [鱼龙潜跃水成文]鱼儿出没只能使水面泛出波纹。暗示鱼儿不能传书。古人有鱼儿传书一说。乐府诗《饮马长城窟行》:“呼儿烹鲤鱼,中有尺素书。”鱼龙,这里指鱼。 + +⑰ [潇湘] 潇水和湘江,均流入洞庭湖。 + +⑱[落月摇情满江树]意思是,落月牵动着离人的别愁,将光辉洒满江畔的林木。 diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00067.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00067.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ad6c201028afe22fffdca8acd4dbe02197907331 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00067.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +## 县委书记的榜样——焦裕禄$^{①}$ + +穆青 冯健 周原 + +1962年冬天,正是豫东兰考县遭受内涝、风沙、盐碱三害最严重的时刻。这一年,春天风沙打毁了20万亩麦子,秋天淹坏了30多万亩庄稼,盐碱地上有10万亩禾苗碱死,全县的粮食产量下降到了历年的最低水平。 + +就是在这样的关口,党派焦裕禄来到了兰考。 + + + +焦裕禄 张庆民 摄 + +展现在焦裕禄面前的兰考大地,是一幅多么严重的灾荒的景象啊!横贯全境的两条黄河故道,是一眼看不到边的黄沙;片片内涝的洼窝里,结着青色的冰凌;白茫茫的盐碱地上,枯草在寒风中抖动。 + +困难,重重的困难,像一副沉重的担子,压在这位新到任的县委书记的双肩。但是,焦裕禄是带着《毛泽东选集》来的,是怀着改变兰考灾区面貌的坚定决心来的。在这个贫农出身的共产党员看来,这里有36万勤劳的人民,有烈士们流鲜血解放出来的90多万亩土地。只要加强党的领导,一时有天大的艰难,也一定能杀出条路来。 + +①选自《通讯名作100篇》(新华出版社2009年版)。有删改。原载1966年2月7日《人民日报》。焦裕禄(1922—1964),山东淄博人,曾任河南兰考县委书记。他带领全县干部群众同自然灾害进行顽强斗争,使兰考的贫困面貌大为改观,虽身患肝癌,仍坚持工作,被群众誉为“党的好干部”。 diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00068.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00068.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..af5af6fa42e6005e3a67f97d79e5e254f0812eb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00068.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +## 《论语》十二章$^{①}$ + + + +先师孔子行教像(拓本) + +子曰:“君子食无求饱,居无求安,敏$^{②}$于事而慎于言,就有道而正焉$^{③}$,可谓好学也已。”(《学而》) + +子曰:“人而$^{④}$不仁,如礼何$^{⑤}$?人而不仁,如乐何?”(《八佾》) + +子曰:“朝闻道,夕死可矣。”(《里仁》) + +子曰:“君子喻$^{⑥}$于义,小人喻于利。”(《里仁》) + +子曰:“见贤思齐焉,见不贤而内自省也。”(《里仁》) + +子曰:“质胜文则野$^{⑦}$,文胜质则史$^{⑧}$。文质彬彬$^{⑨}$,然后君子。”(《雍也》) + +曾子曰:“士不可以不弘毅$^{⑩}$,任重而道远。仁以为己任,不亦重乎?死而后已,不亦远乎?”(《泰伯》) + +子曰:“譬如为山,未成一篑$^{⑪}$,止,吾止也$^{⑫}$。譬如平地$^{⑬}$,虽覆一篑,进,吾往也。”(《子罕》) + +①选自《论语译注》(中华书局2006年版)。 + +②〔敏〕勤勉。 + +③〔就有道而正焉〕到有道的人那里去匡正自己。有道,指有才艺或有道德的人。 + +④〔而〕如果。 + +⑤〔如礼何〕怎样对待礼呢? + +⑥〔喻〕知晓,明白。 + +⑦〔质胜文则野〕质朴超过文采就会粗野鄙俗。质,质朴、朴实。文,华美、文采。野,粗野、鄙俗。 + +⑧〔史〕虚饰,浮夸。 + +⑨〔文质彬彬〕文质兼备,配合适当的样子。 + +⑩〔弘毅〕志向远大,意志坚强。弘,广,大,这里指志向远大。 + +⑪[未成一篑(kuì)]只差一筐土没有成功。篑,盛土的竹筐。 + +⑫〔止,吾止也〕停下来,是我自己停下来的。 + +⑬〔平地〕填平洼地。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00069.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00069.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2e946b518d51b298d87758ff57527141e22d1e40 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00069.md @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +行者有志$^{①}$。不失其所者久$^{②}$,死而不亡者寿$^{③}$。(第三十三章) + +其安易持$^{④}$,其未兆易谋$^{⑤}$,其脆易泮$^{⑥}$,其微易散$^{⑦}$。为之于未有$^{⑧}$,治之于未乱。合抱之木,生于毫末$^{⑨}$;九层之台,起于累土$^{⑩}$;千里之行,始于足下。为者败之$^{⑪}$,执者失之$^{⑫}$。是以圣人无为$^{⑬}$,故无败;无执,故无失。民之从事,常于几$^{⑭}$成而败之。慎终如始,则无败事。是以圣人欲不欲$^{⑮}$,不贵难得之货,学不学$^{⑯}$,复众人之所过$^{⑰}$,以辅万物之自然而不敢为。(第六十四章) + +## 五石之瓠$^{⑱}$ + +《庄子》 + +惠子谓庄子曰:“魏王贻我大瓠之种,我树$^{⑲}$之成而实五石$^{⑳}$。以盛水浆,其坚$^{㉑}$不能自举也。剖之以为瓢,则瓠落无所容$^{㉒}$。非不呺然$^{㉓}$大也,吾为其无用而掊$^{㉔}$之。”庄子曰:“夫子固拙于用大$^{㉕}$矣。宋人有善为不龟手之药$^{㉖}$者,世世以洴澼絖$^{㉗}$为事。客闻之请买其方百金。聚族而谋之曰:‘我世世为洴澼絖,不过数金。今一朝而鬻$^{㉘}$技百金,请与之。’客得之,以说$^{ ㉙}$吴王。越有难$^{㉚}$,吴 + +①〔强(qiǎng)行者有志〕勤勉而行的人有意志。 + +②[不失其所者久]不丧失立身之基的人能够长久。 + +③ [死而不亡者寿]死而不朽的人就是长寿。意思是,有道之人身死而道长存,这就是寿。 +④ [其安易持]事物安然未生变的时候容易持守。 +⑤ [其未堪堪] 问题还没有显露迹象的时候容易解决。 + +⑥〔其脆易泮〕事物脆弱的时候容易分离。泮,同“判”,分离。 +⑦〔其微易散〕事物细微的时候容易散失。 + +⑧〔为之于未有〕在事情未发生时就做。 +⑨〔毫末〕毫毛的末端。比喻极其细微的事物。 + +⑩〔累(léi)土〕一筐土。累,同“纂”,土筐。 +⑪〔为者败之〕动手去做的就会坏事。 + +⑫〔执者失之〕有所把持的就会失去。 + +⑬〔无为〕顺应自然,不有所作为。 +⑭〔几(jī)乎〕接近。 + +⑮〔欲不欲〕想要常人所不想要的。 +⑯〔学不学〕学习常人所不学习的。 + +⑰「复众人之所过」补救众人所犯的过错。复,弥补,补救。 + +⑱ 节选自《庄子·逍遥游》(《庄子集释》,中华书局 2004 年版)。题目是编者加的。石(shí).计算容量的单位,十斗为一石。瓠(hù)。葫芦。 + +⑲[树]:种植。 + +⑳〔实五石〕能容得下五石的东西。 + +㉑〔坚〕坚固。这里指大瓠的坚固程度。 + +㉒〔瓠(huò)落无所容〕宽大而没有什么可盛受的东西。瓠落,宽大空廓的样子。 + +㉓〔呺(xiǎo)然〕内中空虚而宽大的样子。 + +㉔〔掊(pǒu)〕击破。 + +㉕〔拙于用大〕不善于使用大的东西,不善于发挥事物的 “大” 的功用。 + +㉖(不龟(jūn)手之药)防止手冻裂的药物。龟,同“皲”,皮肤冻裂 + +㉗〔讲(píng)澼(pì)絖(kuàng)〕漂洗丝絮。讲澼,漂洗。絖,同 “纩”,丝绵絮。 + +㉘〔鬻(yù)〕卖。 + + ㉙〔说〕同“悦”,取悦。 + +㉚[越有难(nàn)]指越人发兵侵吴。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00070.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00070.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..db7e3e0183c8ba6c2d11147703393373222e391d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00070.md @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +# 人民教育出版社 + +附录: + +## 综合性学习评价表 + +学习主题: _____________________________________ + +小组成绩:_____________________________________ + +被评价者:班级__________姓名__________日期__________ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
评价项目评价指标评 价
自选同学教师
①有礼貌 ②注意力集中 ③能否捕捉主要意思
①态度大方
②吐字清晰
③内容明确
信息搜集①能准确获取所需资料
②能对搜集到的资料进行归类整理
③能与同学分享资料
合作①能与同学合作
②能认真完成所分配的任务
③在团体中能够承担组员或组织者
等其他角色
综合评价自评:
互评:
+ +注:评价等级分 A、B、C、D 四级,各等级指标分别为:A——三项指标全部合格 B——运用两项指标 C——仅达到一项指标 D——未达标 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00071.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00071.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fe093cd7f965a8d46d4fde6d45d7672162b09600 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00071.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +## 思考探究 + +一 反复朗读这首诗,说说哪些诗句最能表现诗人的豪迈气概。 + +二诗人通过对地名的连锁,描绘了一幅幅红军长征的画面,找出诗中表示地名的词,想一想这样写有什么好处。 + +三 品味下列诗句,体会加点词的表达效果。 + +1.五岭逶迤腾细浪,乌蒙磅礴走泥丸。 + +2. 金沙水拍云崖暖,大渡桥横铁索寒。 + +## 积累拓展 + +四背诵并默写这首诗。 + +五课外阅读毛泽东《菩萨蛮·大柏地》《十六字令三首》《忆秦娥·娄山关》《清平乐·六盘山》等诗词,进一步体会诗人的豪迈气概。 + +## 阅读链接 + +## 长征组歌(节选) + +萧华 + +突破封锁线 + +路迢迢,秋风凉。故重重,军情忙。 + +红军夜渡于都河,跨过五岭抢湘江。 + +三十昼夜飞行军,突破四道封锁墙。 + +不怕流血不怕苦,前仆后继杀虎狼。 + +全军想念毛主席,送客途中盼太阳。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00072.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00072.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..98cbc60e68a02b3b96d107ad8795ee0db92050ac --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00072.md @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +## 遵义会议放光辉 + +苗岭秀,旭日升,百鸟啼,报新春。 + +遵义会议放光辉,全党全军齐欢庆。 + +万众欢呼毛主席,马列路线指航程。 + +雄狮刀坝告大捷,工农踊跃当红军。 + +英明领袖来掌舵,革命磅礴向前进。 + +## 四渡赤水出奇兵 + +横断山,路难行,天如火来水似银。 + +亲人送水来解渴,军民鱼水一家人。 + +横断山,路难行,敌重兵,压黔境。 + +战士双脚走天下,四渡赤水出奇兵。 + +乌江天险重飞渡,兵临贵阳逼昆明。 + +敌人弃甲丢烟枪,我军乘胜赶路程。 + +调虎离山袭金沙,毛主席用兵真如神。 + +## 飞越大渡河 + +水湍急,山峭耸,雄关险,豺狼凶。 + +健儿巧渡金沙江,兄弟民族夹道迎。 + +安顺场边孤舟勇,踩波踏浪歼敌兵。 + +昼夜兼程二百四,猛打穷追夺泸定。 + +铁索桥上显威风,勇士万代留英名。 + +## 过雪山草地 + +雪皑皑,野茫茫,高原寒,炊断粮。 + +红军都是钢铁汉,千锤百炼不怕难。 + +雪山低头迎远客,草毯泥毡扎营盘。 + +风雨侵衣骨更硬,野菜水饥志越坚。 + +官兵一致同甘苦,革命理想高于天。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00073.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00073.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1dc40a4b1eebc6a4ea1fae42158cf34300f4d9ee --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00073.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +## 到吴起镇 + +锣鼓响,秧歌起。黄河唱,长城喜。 +腊子口上降神兵,百丈悬崖当云梯。 +六盘山上红旗展,势如破竹扫敌骑。 +陕甘军民传喜讯,征师胜利到吴起。 +南北兄弟手携手,扩大前进根据地 + +## 大会师 + +红旗飘,军号响。战马吼,歌声亮。 +铁流两万五千里,红军威名天下扬。 +各路劲旅大会师,日寇胆破蒋魂丧。 +军也乐来民也乐,万水千山齐歌唱。 +歌唱领袖毛主席,歌唱伟大的共产党。 + +## 读读写写 +逶迤 泥丸 云崖 铁索 + + + + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00074.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00074.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e83eea2677e3e6d7885eae02f11e8d47934f9fa1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00074.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +## 思考探究 +一 根据课文内容填空,并讲讲这个故事。 + +接受任务⇨ ⇨英勇跳崖 + +二、课文前3段对非亲马宝玉等人用的称呼是“战士”。从第4段起用的称呼是“壮士”。如何理解这种称呼上的变化? + +三 作者既对个体形象做了刻画,又对人物群像进行描摹。结合第6段,说说这种写法的好处。 + +## 积累拓展 + +四 读下列句子,注意加点的部分,体会五位壮士的英雄气概。再从课文中找出其他的语句,与同学交流。 + +1. 为了不让敌人发现群众和连队主力,班长马宝玉斩钉截铁地说了一声:“走!” 带头向棋盘陀走去。战士们热血沸腾,紧跟在班长后面。他们知道班长要把敌人引上绝路。 + +2. 他刚要拧开盖子,马宝玉抢前一步,夺过手榴弹插在腰间,猛地举起一块大石头,大声喊道:“同志们!用石头砸!” + +五 抗日战争期间,中华大地上涌现出许多像“狼牙山五壮士”一样可歌可泣的英雄人物。小组合作,搜集相关资料,并推选代表向全班同学介绍。 + +## 读读写写 + +
diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00075.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00075.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8f3a89dfdf3f9c146acd600d396859c97c102e6c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00075.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +13 古代诗歌三首 64 +浪淘沙(其一) / 刘禹锡 +江南春 / 杜牧 +书湖阴先生壁(其一) / 王安石 +写作 ____让生活更美好 66 + +语文园地 67 +第四单元 阅读 14 桥 / 谈歌 70 +15 穷人 / 列夫·托尔斯泰 73 +16* 金色的鱼钩 / 杨烁 77 +写作 笔尖流出的故事 85 +语文园地 86 +名著导读 《童年》 培养良好的阅读习惯 88 +第五单元 阅读 17 夏天里的成长 / 梁容若 96 +18 盼 / 铁凝 100 +19* 小站 / 袁鹰 104 +写作 写感受最深的人或事 106 +语文园地 107 +第六单元 阅读 20 月光曲 110 +21* 京剧趣谈 / 徐城北 112 +22 伯牙鼓琴 / 《吕氏春秋》 115 +23 书戴嵩画牛 / 苏轼 117 +写作 我的拿手好戏 119 +语文园地 120 + +综合性学习 遨游汉字王国 122 diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00076.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00076.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6086fc6f39d8ff4d165537a121c08850e32a834c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00076.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +语文园地 + +## 交流平台 + +本单元的课文描写了大量的场面。比如彭德怀山上的阅兵战斗,开国大典中的盛大场面。在写法上,这些课文都注意通过句群整体和局部刻画来写好场面。如《开国大典》既从整体上描写了红旗招展、群众云集的盛况,又从局部刻画了毛泽东主席发布宣言、检阅升旗电报、宣读公告,向阅兵部队和游行群众致意的情景。这让我们不仅感受到整个典礼的庄严、隆重,还感受到人民群众对伟大领袖的热爱之情。 + +在平时的阅读中,你是否也读过类似的场面描写?在自己的习作中,你是怎样写场面的?和同学交流。 + +## 词句段运用 + +读下列句子,注意加点的部分,说说这样写的好处。 + +⟡ 起初是全场肃静,只听见炮声和乐曲声,只听见国旗和其他许多旗帜飘拂的声音,…… + +⟡ 那里的天比别处的更可爱,空气是那么清鲜,天空是那么明朗,使我总想高歌一曲,表示我满心的愉快。 + +写人物说话时,可以不用“说”来表达,读句子,仿照着写一写。 + +○ 清明节前的一个晚上,我又漫步在广场上。忽然背后传来一声赞叹:“多好啊!” + +○ “我还有作业没完成,不能和你一起去玩了。”我婉言谢绝了伙伴的邀请。 + +这两个句子分别用“赞叹”“婉言谢绝”代替了“说”。我还想到了“谈论、讲解、窃窃私语......” + +○ “既然这样,你以后再也不要找我借书了!”话一出口,我就后悔了。 + +○ 妈妈俯下身子盯着我的眼睛,一脸焦急:“你的眼睛怎么肿了?” + +也可以不用与“说”有关的词语...... diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00077.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00077.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..049bdd7742748694a7b2cfe610b3f0e66d1f2c26 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00077.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ + +## 狱中联欢 +几个戴着脚镣的同志,在往常放风的地坝中间扭起秧歌。沉重的铁镣,撞击得叮当作响,成了节奏强烈的伴奏。欢乐的歌舞里,充满了对黑暗势力的轻蔑。看啊,还有什么节目比得上这种顽强而鲜明的高歌曼舞! + +狂热的掌声,送走了一间牢房的节目,又迎来另一间牢房的表演。人潮卷来卷去,地坝变成了绝妙的露天舞台。 + +楼下四室的“报幕员”宣布:“我们的节目是歌舞表演,表演开始!”只见铁门哗啦一开,一连串的人影,打着空心筋斗,翻了出来。博得同志们齐声喝彩。接着,几个人聚拢来,站成一个圆圈,又有几个人跑上去站在他们肩上,又有人再爬上去......一层、两层、三层......他们在叠罗汉。最上边站着一个人,满脸兴奋的微笑,站得比集中营中的高墙、电网更高,手里拿着一面红殷殷的鲜艳的红旗,遥望着远处的云山。 + +(节选自罗广斌、杨益言《红岩》,有改动) + +## 书写提示 + +下面是两位同学的书写作品。我们也来试着写一写,举办一次书写作品展览。 + +游子吟 +慈母手中线,游子身上衣。 +临行密密缝,意恐迟迟归。 +谁言寸草心,报得三春晖。 + +○ 注意行款整齐,布局合理。 + +○ 书写应正确。应避免错别字和不规范的汉字。 + +○ 养成自我检视的习惯,不断提高书写水平。 + +我最亲爱的孩子啊!母亲不用千言万语来教育你,就用实行来教育你。在你长大成人之后,希望不要忘记你的母亲是为国而牺牲的! +摘自《赵一曼写给儿子的信》xxx书 diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00078.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00078.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0f7cd77a3fac403b2ce4a1cd129edb00e0b27f95 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00078.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +## 普通高中课程标准实验教科书 + +## 语文 + +## 选修 + +## 中国古代诗歌散文欣赏 + +人民教育出版社 课程教材研究所 + +中学语文课程教材研究开发中心 编著 + +北京大学中文系 语文教育研究所 + +人民教育出版社 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00079.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00079.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..249ca09248acfd45f23dfd55ac27f34e58c37561 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00079.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +## 探究·讨论 + +一 背诵这首词。 + +诵读提示:《苏幕遮》双调62字,押仄韵到底。注意“否”“浦”两字古今音有别,在当时与此词前面的韵字同属上声“语”韵。 + +二 这首词上片写景,下片抒情,段落极其分明,但是情景之间关联密切。想想二者有什么关系,联系两片之间感情纽带的是哪个意象。 + +三 王国维认为这首词中“水面清圆,一 一风荷举”两句,“真能得荷之神理者”(《人间词话》),你如何理解王国维的这个评价? + +## 相关链接 + +## 一、后人对周邦彦词风的评价 + +1. 强焕曰:美成词,抚写物态,曲尽其妙。自题所居曰“顾曲堂”。 + +(沈雄《古今词话·词评》上卷) + +2.(《苏幕遮》)上阕,若有意,若无意,使人目眩。 + +(周济《宋四家词选》) + +## 二、选录宋代咏荷词二首 + +## 甘草子 + +柳永 + +秋暮。乱洒衰荷,颗颗真珠雨。雨过月华生,冷彻鸳鸯浦。 池上凭阑愁无侣。奈此个、单栖情绪。却傍金笼共鹦鹉,念粉郎言语。 + +(《乐章集》卷上) + +## 系裙腰 + +张 先 + +惜霜蟾照夜云天。朦胧影、画勾阑。人情纵似长情月,算一年年。又能得、几番圆。 + +欲寄西江题叶字,流不到、五亭前。东池始有荷新绿,尚小如钱。问何日藕,几时莲。 + +(《张子野词》) + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00080.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00080.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ed65216d6eba75bf281b2a432cfc520b2a1ac9d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00080.md @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ + +2. 从项羽主演的“溃围、斩将、刈旗”的快战中,你看到项羽是怎样的人? + +3. 项羽在乌江边拒渡、赐马、赠头,表现了哪些性格特点? + +二 熟读课文,完成下面各题。 + +1. 解释下列句子中加点的词语。 + +(1)期山东为三处 + +(2) 辟易数里 + +(3)与其骑会为三处 + +(4) 项王身亦被十余创 + +2. 体会下列各组句子中,加点的字的意义和用法的异同。 + +(1) $\begin{cases} 遂斩汉一将 \\ 山东豪俊遂并起而亡秦族矣(《过秦论》) \end{cases}$ + +(2) $\begin{cases} \text{项王乃驰,复斩汉一都尉} \\ \text{当立者乃公子扶苏(《陈涉世家》)} \end{cases}$ + +(3) $\begin{cases} \text{汉军至,无以渡} \\ \text{不积小流,无以成江海(《劝学》)} \end{cases}$ + +(4) $\begin{cases} \text{且籍与江东子弟八千人渡江而西} \\ \text{且行千里,其谁不知} \end{cases}$ + +三 联系必修课中学过的《鸿门宴》,思考下列问题。 + +1. 在《鸿门宴》中,项羽性格的哪些方面已经显现?还有哪些没有写到的方面在本篇中作了充分的表现? + +2. 司马迁写人物,有时是一场写多人,有时是连续集中地写一人。请从这一角度,分析《鸿门宴》和《项羽之死》对项羽的写法有什么不同。 + +四 司马迁非常善于用简练生动的语言表现情境和人物的性格与心理,请细读下面几处,并进行分析。 + +1.《项羽本纪》“钜鹿之战”一节,写项羽大破秦军,召见诸侯,诸侯“无不膝行而前,莫敢仰视”。本篇写项羽悲歌泣下时,“左右皆泣,莫能仰视”。“敢”与“能”一字之别,表现了怎样不同的情境? + +2. 项羽面临败亡时,多次强调“此天之亡我,非战之罪也”,这表现了项羽怎样复杂的心理? + +3. “愿为诸君快战”。联系当时的军事形势和项羽心理,此处用“快战”比用“决战”等词好在哪里? + +五△项羽该不该过江东,历来意见不一。试就这一问题发表自己的看法。 + +## 相关链接 + +## 一、司马迁对项羽的评价 + +太史公曰$^①$:(项羽)自矜功伐,奋其私智而不师古,谓霸王之业,欲以力征经营天下,五年卒亡其国,身死东城,尚不觉悟,而不自责,过矣。乃引“天亡我,非用兵之罪也”岂不谬哉! + +(《史记·项羽本纪》) + +## 二、后人咏项羽诗 + +①(太史公曰)《史记》中司马迁的论赞之辞。多半是总结性的话语,或特地阐明立篇之意,或补充篇中所未及之事。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00081.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00081.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5a144c7d32b65b0615390d16a0716d8d1d1167ed --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00081.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +## 普通高中课程标准实验教科书 + +## 语文 + +## 选修 + +## 中国文化经典研读 + +人民教育出版社 课程教材研究所 + +中学语文课程教材研究开发中心 编著 + +北京大学中文系 语文教育研究所 + + + +人民教育出版社 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00082.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00082.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..77e576a4b3f57479f46572ad85d9de4e2167e27c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00082.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +## 知识链接 + +古代书籍 中国古代文化典籍丰富多彩,书籍的形式也是多种多样的。从最古的甲骨刻辞、青铜器铭文、石刻文字,到竹简、帛书和写、印在纸上的书籍,千差万别。 + +殷,西周时期,人们将占卜卜辞、重要历史事件等用文字记录下来,形成了甲骨刻辞、青铜铭文、石鼓文字等。不过,它们还没有形成书籍的形态。正规书籍大致出现于春秋末期。相传孔子删订“六经”,读《易》而“韦编三绝”,可见这时已出现了竹木筒的书。此外还有写在丝织物上的书,称为“帛书”、“素书”或“缣书”。东汉蔡伦改进了造纸技术,使书籍的制作材料发生重大变革。不过,隋唐以前,纸书的制作主要靠手写。至迟在隋末唐初,雕版印刷术的发明,大大促进了书籍的发展。我国现存最早的木刻印本书是《陀罗尼经咒》,这是一张唐刻梵文经咒。而北宋时毕昇首先使用泥活字印刷书籍,也为快速印制书籍创造了条件。从此,纸质刻印书籍大量普及。 + +四库全书《四库全书》是我国最大的丛书,编纂开始于清乾隆三十七年(1772),历时15年始成。共收书3503种,79337卷,大约9.97亿字,装订成36304册。全书分经、史、子、集四部,故名四库全书。这套丛书保存整理了大量的历史文献。曾分抄七部,分别贮放在宫内的文渊阁、奉天行宫的文溯阁、圆明园的文源阁;热河的文津阁、扬州的文汇阁、镇江的文宗阁、杭州的文澜阁。文汇、文宗均毁于战火;文源被英法侵略军焚毁;文澜所藏也多散失,经后人补抄配齐。近年海峡两岸的出版机构都曾分别影印出版《四库全书》。另外,还有电子版的《四库全书》问世,极便查阅。 + +常用文史工具书 阅读古代文化经典,经常需要使用一些专业的工具书查找有关的词语、典故等,《汉语大词典》收列单字56 000个左右,《汉语大词典》收列词目约37万条,这两部书是目前收字、词量最大的工具书。不过,一般古籍的词语、典故问题查阅《辞源》就可以解决了,《辞源》虽然是一部中型辞书,但它是以专阅读古籍为编纂目的的,因此,很便于查考常见词语。另外,《中国人名大辞典》《中国古今地名大辞典》《中国历史年代简表》等,也是常用的工具书。 + + + +祭祀狩猎涂朱 +牛骨刻辞 + + + +禽簋铭 + + + +峄山刻石 + + + +居延汉简 + + + +帛书《老子》 + + + +《四书章句集注》 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00083.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00083.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7af5a79604cae3729a2594f4657d8e02d2c208d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00083.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +## 8《天工开物》两则$^{①}$ + +宋应星 + +## 稻 + +凡稻种最多。不粘者,禾曰秔$^{②}$,米曰粳$^{③}$;粘者,禾曰稌$^{④}$,米曰糯(南方无粘黍$^{⑤}$,酒皆糯米所为)。质本粳而晚收带粘(俗名婺源光$^{⑥}$之类),不可为酒,只可为粥者,又一种性也。凡稻谷形有长芒、短芒(江南名长芒者曰浏阳早$^{⑦}$,短芒者曰吉安早$^{⑧}$)、长粒、尖粒、圆顶、扁面不一。其中米色有雪白、牙黄、大赤、半紫、杂黑不一。 + +湿种$^{⑨}$之期,最早者春分以前,名为社种$^{⑩}$(遇天寒有冻死不生者),最迟者后于清明。凡播种,先以稻、麦稿$^{⑪}$包浸数日,俟其生芽,撒于田中,生出寸许,其名曰秧。秧生三十日,即拔起分栽。若田逢旱干、水溢$^{⑫}$,不可插秧。秧过期老而长节,即$^{⑬}$栽于亩中,生谷数粒,结果而已。凡秧田一亩所生秧,供移栽二十五亩。 + + + +《天工开物》插图 + +凡秧既分栽后,早者七十日即收获(粳有救公饥$^{⑭}$、喉下急$^{⑮}$,糯有金包银$^{⑯}$之类。方语$^{⑰}$百千,不可殚述),最迟者历夏及冬$^{⑱}$二百日方收获。其冬季播种、仲夏即收者,则广南之稻,地无霜雪故也。凡稻旬日失水,即愁旱干。夏种秋收之谷,必山间源水不绝之亩,其谷种亦耐久,其土脉亦寒,不催苗$^{⑲}$也。湖滨之田,待夏潦$^{⑳}$已过,六月方栽者。其秧立夏播种,撒藏高亩$^{㉑}$之上,以待时也。 + +南方平原,田多一岁两栽两获者。其再栽秧, + +①原文据《天工开物译注》(潘吉星译注,上海古籍出版社1993年版)。宋应星(1587—?),字长庚,奉新人,明代科学家。 +②〔秔〕音jīng。 +③〔粳〕音jīng。 +④〔稌〕音tú。 +⑤〔黍〕黄米。拓书中的字为作者原注。 +⑥〔婺源光〕江西婺源一带的稻种。 +⑦〔浏阳早〕湖南浏阳一带的旱稻种。 +⑧〔吉安早〕江西吉安一带的早稻种。 +⑨〔湿种〕漫湿稻种。 +⑩〔社种〕社日浸种,古时以立春和立秋后的第五个戊日称为春社和秋社。此处指春社。 +⑪〔稻、麦稿〕稻秆、麦秸。 +⑫〔水溢〕积水过多。 +⑬〔即〕即使。 +⑭〔赦公饥〕又名五十日旱,生长期短,小暑前即熟,但收获量少,农家也只是插几亩,以备五月荒田,所以称为“赦公饥”。 +⑮〔喉下急〕一种早造早熟稻种。 +⑯〔金包银〕一种早造糯稻,因谷壳金色,米质纯白而得名。 +⑰〔方语〕方言,土语。 +⑱〔历夏及冬〕经历整个夏天,直到冬天。 +⑲〔催苗〕催苗速长。 +⑳〔潦(liào)〕雨水大。 +㉑〔高亩〕地势高的土地中。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00084.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00084.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2cc8f0e4482925b4a17902095108d9a04603c5dc --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00084.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +## 麻叶洞天$^{①}$ + +徐霞客 + +十七日 去上清$^{②}$三里,得麻叶洞。洞在麻叶湾,西为大岭$^{③}$,南为洪碧$^{④}$,东为云阳、枣核之支$^{⑤}$,北则枣核西垂$^{⑥}$。大岭东转,束涧$^{⑦}$下流,夹峙如门;而当门一峰,耸石岘突$^{⑧}$,为将军岭;涧捣$^{⑨}$其西,而枣核之支,西至此尽。涧西有石崖南向,环如展翅,东瞰涧中,而大岭之支,亦东至此尽。回崖$^{⑩}$之下,亦开一隙,浅不能入。崖前有小溪,自西而东,经崖前入于大涧。循小溪至崖之西胁乱石间,水穷于下,窍启于上,即麻叶洞也。洞口南向,大仅如斗,在石隙中转折数级而下。 + +初觅炬倩$^{⑪}$导,亦俱以炬应,而无敢导者。曰:“此中有神龙。”或曰:“此中有精怪。非有法术者,不能摄服。”最后以重资觅一人,将脱衣入,问余乃儒者,非羽士$^{⑫}$,复惊而出曰:“予以为大师$^{⑬}$,故欲随入,若读书人,余岂能以身殉耶?”余乃过前村,寄行李于其家,与顾仆$^{⑭}$各持束炬入。时村民之随至洞口数十人,樵者腰镰,耕者荷锄,妇之炊者停爨⑮,织者投杼,童子之牧者,行人之负载者,接踵而至,皆莫能从。 + + + +清嘉庆本《徐霞客游记》 + +余两人乃以足先入,历级转窦$^{⑯}$,递炬而下,数转至洞底。洞稍宽,可以侧身矫首$^{⑰}$,乃始以炬前向。其东西裂隙,俱无入处,直北有穴,低仅一尺,阔亦如之,然其下甚燥而平。乃先以炬入,后蛇伏以进,背磨腰贴,以身后耸$^{⑱}$,乃度此内洞之一关。其内裂隙既高,东西亦横亘$^{⑲}$,然亦无入处。又度第二关,其隘与低与前一辙,进法亦如之。既入,内层亦横裂,其西南裂者不甚深,其东北裂者上一石坳$^{⑳}$,忽又纵裂而起,上穹$^{㉑}$下狭,高不见顶。至此石幻异形,肤理$^{㉒}$顿换,片窍俱灵$^{㉓}$。其西北之峡,渐入渐束,内夹一缝,不能容炬。转从东南之峡,仍下一坳,其底砂石平铺,如涧底洁溜$^{ ㉔}$,第$^{㉕}$干燥无水,不特免揭厉$^{㉖}$,且免沾污也。峡之东南尽处,乱石轰驾$^{㉗}$,若楼台层叠,由其隙皆可攀跻而上。其上石 + + + +①原文据《徐霞客游记》《上海古籍出版社1980年版》。徐霞客(1587—1641),名弘祖,字振之,号霞客,南直隶江阴(今属江苏)人。明代散文家、地理学家。应试不第之后,以“问奇于名山大川为志”,三十余年游览了大半个中国,备尝艰险,观察所得,按日记载,除部分教佚外,编为《徐霞客游记》。本文节选自“楚游日记”。麻叶洞在今湖南茶陵西。 +②《上清》上清洞,在麻叶洞北。③〔大岭〕在麻叶洞西,东与云阳山对峙,所连山脊为龙头岭。 +④《洪碧》碧碧山。⑤《云阳、枣核支支》云阳山和枣核岭的支脉。⑥《西垂》西端,西麓。⑦《来洞》夹洞。两崖挺迸,湄流受来。⑧(柘(wù)突)山顶光秃秃的,突出耸立着。⑨〔捣〕冲击。 +⑩〔田崖〕环转的山崖。⑪〔楮〕请或夹夹。⑫〔羽士〕道士。⑬《大师》大法师,指能除妖降魔的道士之类。 +⑭〔顾卜〕名行,徐霞客家仆,从茶核九年(1636)开始,一直随霞客游历各地,但后来在鸡足山劫掠财物而逃。⑮〔樊(cuàn)〕烧火做饭。⑯〔历级转窦〕踏着一级一级的石阶进入洞中。⑰〔桥首〕抬头。 +⑱〔背磨腰贴,以身后筅〕背部擦着洞壁,腰部贴着地面,下身向后翘起;(用力往前挺进)。⑲〔横〕贯通之意。⑳〔召坳〕凹陷的石洞。㉑〔穷〕高广。㉒〔肤理〕石头的纹理、花纹。㉓〔片窍俱灵〕每一小块、每一小孔都很神奇。㉔〔洁溜〕光滑。㉕〔第〕但。㉖〔不转免揭(qi)历〕不只是避免涉水而过。诗经·邺风·艳有苦叶:“深则厉,浅则揭。”即水深时穿着衣服过河。水浅时提起衣服过河。㉗〔轰驾〕高叠。驾,通“架”。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00085.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00085.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..02dbb26e04304d3f4b71bbd29d2992054cadb04a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00085.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +第四单元 修齐治平 ………………………………………… (34) +经典原文 +4 《大学》节选 ………………………………………… (35) +相关读物 +《中庸》节选 ………………………………………… (36) +大视野 + + 院士谈做人 ……………………… ………………… (40) +第五单元 佛理禅趣 ………………………………………… (42) +经典原文 +5 《坛经》两则 ………………………………………… (43) +相关读物 +《百喻经》六则 ………………………………………… (44) +大视野 +诗与禅(节选) ………………………………………… 袁行霈 (47) +第六单元 家国天下 ………………………………………… (49) +经典原文 +6 求谏 ………………………………………… 吴兢 (50) +相关读物 +原君(节选) ………………………………………… 黄宗羲 (51) +大视野 +海瑞骂皇帝 ………………………………………… 吴晗 (55) +第七单元 天理人欲 ………………………………………… (57) +经典原文 +7 《朱子语类》三则 ………………………………………… 朱熹 (58) +相关读物 +童心说 ………………………………………… 李贽 (59) +大视野 +人生的境界 ………………………………………… 冯友兰 (63) +第八单元 科学之光 ………………………………………… (65) +经典原文 +8 《天工开物》两则 ………………………………………… 宋应星 (66) + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00086.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00086.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2b5b1489bcb169e2fe2179c345f54b4caf2b5a87 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00086.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +体与受众、受众与受众间的互动。网络新闻的后边一般都有评论栏和评分栏。在阅读了某条新闻之后,鼓励读者就此发表意见或给该条新闻评分。例如2004年在新华社记者披露了广东陆丰部分官员公款豪吃后,网友在新华网上就此事发表的评论: + +
网友就 决不能放过吃人民的人 发表评论 IP:218.12.73.*
看到以上的不鸣风使人吃一惊,现在我们国家的领导人对待这个普遍存在的问题已经有了新的制约办法,我想在不远的将来社会风气会好的。
网友就 谁在“人民大厦”吃人民 发表评论 IP:219.156.139.*
铺张浪费、肆意挥霍人民财产也是犯罪!对此必须严惩不贷,坚决不能放过。
网友就 决不能放过吃人民的人 发表评论 IP:218.15.122.*
很感谢记者同志的真实报道,我是陆丰本地人,陆丰该是清查那些腐败的时候了。我可以向全国人民发誓,记者同志的报道是真实的。
+ +以上我们充分领略了网络新闻的魅力,但网络新闻的崛起是否意味着像报纸这样的传统媒介即将退出历史舞台呢?对于这个问题国内外都有争论。看看争论双方的观点吧—— + +
报纸会灭亡报纸不会灭亡
网络新闻的多媒体内容,形式丰富多样。
网络新闻及时性强,可以滚动报道,即时翻新。
网络新闻不需要纸,更适合环境保护的需要。
......
报纸可以在公交车上读。
阅读网络新闻所需要的设备(如电脑)成本太高,报纸便宜。
报纸是广告商投放广告的理想媒介。
网上阅读对视力有损害。
+ +通过比较可以看出,在目前阶段,网络与报纸平分秋色,甚至可以相互借助、共同发展。但随着科技日新月异的发展,网络媒介会不会彻底击败报纸,就要靠时间来检验了。你支持哪一种意见?理由呢? + +## 思考与探究 + +一 阅读下面两则新闻,说说它们在结构上有什么不同? + +## 鲍威尔宣布辞职 + +【新华社华盛顿(2004年)11月15日电】据美国国务院官员15日透露,美国国务卿鲍威尔已于12日向布什总统递交了辞呈。美国白宫将在15日晚些时候正式宣布鲍威尔的辞职声明。 + +布什目前正在考虑赢得连任后组建新内阁的工作,目前可能接替鲍威尔的人选包括美国总统国家安全事务助理赖斯和美国驻联合国大使丹福斯。 + +鲍威尔 1937 年 4 月 5 日出生于纽约,牙买加移民后裔。 + +2000年12月16日,美国当选总统乔治·W·布什提名他为国务卿,成为美国历史上第一位黑人国务卿。 + +## 刘胡兰慷慨就义 + +【新华社晋绥文水县1947年2月7日电】文水县云周西村17岁的女共产党员刘胡兰,在上月12日被阎军逮捕,当众审讯。阎军问她是不是共产党员,她回答:“是。”又问:“为什么参加共产党?”“共 diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00087.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00087.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bac1f02427fe0354d830a799bee401160d9a9f0f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00087.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +月白背心……(鲁迅《祝福》) + +B. 绿幽幽的竹园,绿生生的瓜,绿油油的菜畦,绿翠翠的豆英……(张宣强《农家》) + +C. 天气渐渐暖和了,柳树枝头已经绽出了鹅黄色的嫩芽。(吴运铎《把一切献给党》) + +D. 他抬起脸来看看天,天,黄古隆冬的。(蔡天心《大地的青春》) + +F. 青春应当是鲜红的,永远地鲜红——生命只属于这样的人。苍白的、黯淡的生命,只是宇宙间一闪而逝的轻尘。(杨沫《青春是鲜红的》) + +G. 西域拂郎国遣使献马一匹,……驭者其国人,黄须碧眼,服二色窄衣,言语不可通,以意谕之,凡七度海洋,始达中国。(周伯琦《天马行应制作并序》) + +H. 我父亲终于决定送我出去留学,附加条件是:不准娶个红毛绿眼睛的外国婆子回家,这一点,我倒是“遵命”了。(黄佐临《旧社会回忆点滴》) + +1. 去年今日此门中,人面桃花相映红。(崔护《题都城南庄》) + +J. 寂寞泉台,今夜呼君遍,朦胧见鬼灯一线,露出桃花面。(黄仲则《点绛唇》) + +
客观色彩形象色彩感情色彩象征义引中义
句子编号
+ +## 语言也是“彩色”的 + +同样是赤、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫这些色彩词,为什么表达的意义和效果却不尽相同甚至大相径庭呢?下面按照不同的色彩分类做些分析。 + +例句 A 和 G 表现的都是客观色彩。比如例句 A 以黑、白、月白、蓝等色彩,勾画出服丧的祥林嫂朴素、洁净的服饰特征,给人温和、利落的印象。 + +例句 B 和 C 则采用了形象色彩的手段,用 “幽幽、生生、油油、翠翠” 等来修饰 “绿”,突出了竹林的幽深、瓜的鲜嫩、菜畦的润泽、豆荚的饱满,用 “小鹅绒毛” 来修饰 “黄”,工笔描绘,各得神采,给人以清新的色泽感,温暖而赏心悦目。 + +例句 D “黄古隆冬” 表现的也是一种形象色彩,而且口语词更使人感觉朴实亲切。 + +例句 E 和 F 是色彩词的象征意义。这种色彩义虽不是词语的固定意义,但已被广泛接受。苍白则表示对生活缺乏信心和勇气。 + +例句 G 和 H 正好形成鲜明的对比。比如例句 G 中的 “黄须碧眼” 只是客观描写,没有什么感情色彩,但例句 H 中的感情色彩就十分鲜明,不仅把 “发” 改成 “毛”,同时又将 “红” 和 “毛” 搭配来修饰人,从而产生一种贬义。 + +例句I和J也同样表明了作者不同的感情色彩。例句I说在春光明媚的日子里,少女 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00088.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00088.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..35fd8a708e450475c137b03e86cd03fd53a886a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00088.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +## 第二节 古今言殊 + +## ——汉语的昨天和今天 + +## 引子:秀才买柴 + +传说过去有一个酸秀才到街上买柴。见到卖柴的农民,秀才喊道:“荷薪者过来!”卖柴的农民听懂了“过来”二字,便走了过来。秀才问:“其价几何?”因为有一个“价”字,农民猜可能问价,便说了价钱。秀才嫌贵,便摇头晃脑地说:“外实而内虚,烟多而焰少,请损之。”这下农民不知道秀才说了些什么,便挑着担子走了。 + +秀才说的话,农民听不懂。这是怎么回事呢?原来很长时间以来,文人作文说话总爱刻意仿古,也就是用所谓的“文言”。文言其实是很早以前的汉语口语,只不过汉语的口语从古到今发生了很大变化,文言变成了一般人不懂的书面语。因此卖柴的农民听了秀才的话才不知所云。 + +## 课堂活动:古人云,今人说 + +为了了解古今汉语的差异,先来阅读文言文《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》中的一段文字: + +邹忌修八尺有余,而形貌昳丽。朝服衣冠,窥镜,谓其妻曰:“我孰与城北徐公美?”其妻曰:“君美甚,徐公何能及君也?”城北徐公,齐国之美丽者也。忌不自信……旦日,客从外来,与坐谈,问之客曰:“吾与徐公孰美?”客曰:“徐公不若君之美也。” + +## 古今词义 + +首先可以通过比较文中词语的古今差异来理解古今词义的演变。 + +(1) 有些古代汉语的词,意义没怎么变,但是现在已经不能单独使用了。例如: + +古:形 貌 衣 镜 妻 自 修 + ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ +今:体形 容貌 衣服 镜子 妻子 自己 修长 + +通过上述比较,可以看出:古代汉语以单音节的词为主,发展到现代汉语大多已变成了双音节词,原词往往只是作为多音节词里的一个构词成分,或者作为成语的一个组成成分,如“形影不离、衣冠楚楚、破镜重圆、自以为是”等。 + +(2) 有些古代汉语的词只在某些情况下才使用,一般则被另一个词代替了。 + +比如文中的“之、其”等词就属于这种情况。以古代汉语里使用非常频繁的“之”为 diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00089.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00089.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2b01aa3ad402724682d66b0f80b4a153775364e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00089.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +例。古代“之”的一个重要用法是放在两个名词成分中间表示领属性修饰关系(相当于现代汉语的“的”),如“城北徐公,齐国之美丽者也”。现代汉语只在某些固定词语或词组里还保留着“之”的这个用法;如“……之上、……之中、……之后、三分之一、原因之一、一技之长、音乐之声”等。而“北京大学之图书馆,香格里拉之神奇风光”等就不大能说了,“之”必须换成“的”。 + +(3)有些古代汉语的词的某个意义(即某个义项)在现代汉语中已经消失了。 + +比如 “服、窥” 这两个词就有这种现象。以 “服” 为例。“服” 在古代汉语中有以下义项:① “衣服、服装”。例如《离骚》“进不入以离尤兮,退将复修吾初服”(想为国君效劳不被接纳,反而遭祸,退下来就重新修饰我当初的服装吧)。现代汉语 “校服、制服” 都用的是这个意义。② “服务”。例如《论语·为政》“有事,弟子服其劳”(有事情,让弟子来为您服务)。现代汉语 “服务” 中用的就是这个意义。③ “食用,特指吃药”。例如《礼记·曲礼》“医不三世,不服其药”(不是祖传三代的医生,不吃他的药)。现代汉语 “服药、服用、口服” 等词语还保留了这个意义。而上文中的 “朝服衣冠” 中的 “服”,是个动词,表示 “穿衣、佩带” 的意思。这样的用法还见于《论衡》“服五采之服”。但是在现代汉语里已经没有这样的用法了。 + +## 🌸古今句式 + +下面再选取文中几个典型的句子,比较一下古今汉语句子结构样式的不同。 + +原句: + +(1) 我孰与城北徐公美? + +(2) 城北徐公,齐国之美丽者也。 + +(3) 君美甚。 + +(4) 忌不自信。 + +(5) 与坐谈。 + +(6) 不若君之美。 + +译文: + +(1) 我跟城北徐公比哪个漂亮? + +(2) 城北的徐公是齐国的美男子。 + +(3) 您漂亮极了。 + +(4) 邹忌不相信自己(比徐公漂亮)。 + +(5)(邹忌)跟(他)一起坐下来交谈。 + +(6) 不如您漂亮。 + +比较上面的句子,可以看出古今汉语句子结构的三种变化: + +(1)首先看以下几个句子:“我孰与城北徐公美”,“城北徐公,齐国之美丽者也”,“忌不自信”,“与坐谈”。以上这些句式在现代汉语里已经消失了,也就是同样的意思现在不这么说了。 + + + + + +(2)再看“不若君之美”这句话。在现代汉语中一般不会说“不如您的漂亮”,而是直接说成“不如您漂亮”。文言句式跟现代汉语句式虽然大体相似,但现代汉语的句式有了一些改变。 + +(3) 除了上文中出现的两种情况,还有一 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00090.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00090.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aad88a8740b335f033e9cfd8ceb3f3b639079491 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00090.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +对其他地方的方言,又了解多少呢? + +## 课堂活动:乡音知多少 + +下面是一则名叫《北风和太阳》的小故事。大家先用普通话念一遍,再试着用你家乡的方言读一下,看看是否别有一番滋味。 + +有一回,北风跟太阳在那儿争论谁的本事大。争来争去就是分不出高低来。这时候路上来了个走道儿的,他身上穿着件厚大衣。他们俩就说好了,谁能先叫这个走道儿的脱下他的厚大衣,就算谁的大本事。北风就使劲儿地刮起来了,不过他越是刮得厉害,那个走道儿的把大衣裹得越紧。后来北风没法儿了,只好就算了。过了一会儿,太阳出来了。他火辣辣地一晒,那个走道儿的马上就把那件厚大衣脱下来了。这下子北风只好承认,他们俩当中还是太阳的本事大。 + + + +如果是用粤语讲这个故事,一个不懂粤语的人可能就完全听不懂了。不仅如此,就是用粤语的词语把上面那段话写下来,差别也不小呢: + +有一次,北风同日头噱果度拗边个慨本事大。拗噱拗去就系分唔出高低。呢阵时条路度嗥吃个行路嘅人,但着住件厚大楼。但哋两个就讲定哇,边个能够使得呢个行路人除低佰件厚大楼,就算边个嘅本事大。北风就出力噱刮起上嚟嘞,不过佰越系刮得犀利,果个行路嘅人将件楼揽到越实。后尾北风有计嘞,惟有就算数嘞。过哇一阵,日头出嚟嘞。但火辣辣嗽一晒,果个行路嘅人即刻就将果件厚大楼除落嚟嘞。呢下北风惟有承认,但哋两个中间仲系日头慨本事大。 + +比较上面两个分别用普通话和粤语讲的同一个故事,我们可以发现二者在语音、词汇和语法上都有一些不同的地方。大家不妨试着找找有哪些地方不一样。 + +## “听不懂”的读音 + +粤语在语音上跟普通话的差别很大,最主要的特点是:有“-p/-t/-k”等塞音韵尾的韵母,也就是有入声;韵母中的元音有长音和短音的区别;有九种声调,比普通话多得多;没有“zh/ch/sh”和“z/c/s”这样的声母;也没有轻声、儿化之类的现象。 + +## “变了样”的词语 + +粤语的词语跟普通话也很不一样,有的是由于读音不同,所以说成(写成)了不同的词,还有的是用了跟普通话完全不同的方言词。比如第三人称代词不说“他”,而是说 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00091.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00091.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4383107da7b308375a17e92590c33db23492a699 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00091.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +以上两段资料是分别从《康熙字典》和《新华字典》中截取下来的。每段资料中都包含了多个单字条,但是有四个单字条是它们共有的,这就是“语、言、文、字”四个字。你能不能在这两本字典中区分这些单字条下哪部分是给这些字释义的,哪部分是为这些字注音的,它们的注音方法又有什么不同?你能根据字典的注音顺利地拼出这些字的读音吗?请同学们仔细查阅字典材料,完成下面的表格。 + + + +## 《康熙字典》怎么注音 + +《康熙字典》的注解体例是先注音后释义。以“语”字条为例:《康熙字典》罗列了《唐韵》《集韵》《韵会》和《正韵》对“语”的注音;从“《说文》……”开始到“……又《广韵》……”之前的内容都是对“语(yǔ)”的释义部分。古汉语中“语”还有做动词的用法,其读音也与做名词的“语”不同,读作“yù”。所以从“又《广韵》……”开始是对动词“语”进行注音和释义。《康熙字典》首先列举了多部韵书对单字的注音,这些韵书一般都是用“反切法”。然后《康熙字典》归纳了这些注音,并用“直音法”直观地给单字注音。 + +## 《新华字典》怎么注音 + +《新华字典》的体例也是先注音后释义。以“语”字为例,注音是:“语yǔ;L”。《新华字典》中用了两种注音方法:“汉语拼音”和“注音字母”。 + +以上两本字典,尤其是《康熙字典》,对每个单字的注解都非常全面。除了注释这个字的本音本义外,甚至还对这个字的异音异义,以及引申、通假等情况时的读音和用法等做了注释。这些内容不仅使我们认识了从古至今字典中给汉字注音的方法,而且学会查阅这样的字典,对学习古代汉语也很有帮助。 + +## 工具箱 + +学习汉语,第一步就是要认识汉字和认读字音,这就需要有一种给汉字注音的办法。由于汉字本身是不表音的,要认识汉字和读出字音,只好用另外的汉字或符号来给这个汉字注音,这样便先后产生了各种注音方法。其中最主要的有“直音法”“反切法”“注音字母”和“汉语拼音方案”。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00092.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00092.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7b124169ecc8cb7cff6b861447338dc79c80b97a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00092.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ + + +横向: + +一、ㄌㄥㄊㄥㄥㄏㄨㄥㄩㄝ(注音字母。成语,形容威武雄壮非常活跃的姿态) + +二、A 字音點,B 字读若醍,上声(直音法。恒星、行星、卫星及星云、星团等的统称) + +三、西梁切,日碶切(反切法。名词,迷信的人指好事情的兆头或征象) + +四、Méi Lánfāng(汉语拼音方案。人名,著名京剧表演艺术家) + +五、ㄒㄩㄝㄖㄨㄥㄏㄨㄚ(注音字母。花名) + +六、博逮切,荷沃切(反切法。名词,衣着、器皿和一般日用品为主的商品的总称) + +七、A 字音鬇,B 字音肇(直音法。名词,预先表露出来的现象、迹象) + +八、mínsú(汉语拼音方案。名词,指人民群众的风俗习惯) + +九、xīnniánkuàilè(汉语拼音方案。问候语,常在新年来临时使用) + +十、去马(注音字母。飞禽,形状像鹅而体形较大,居住在海滨或湖边) + +纵向: + +1. lóngfèngchéngxiáng(汉语拼音方案。吉祥图案名,图案中有传说中的龙和凤) + +2. ㄖㄨㄟ ㄒㄩㄝ ㄓㄠ ㄈㄥ ㄋㄧㄢ (注音字母。俗语,应时的好雪预示着丰收) + +3. A 字音游,B 字读若忸,阴平(直音法。人名,小说《骆驼祥子》中的一个人物) + +4. ㄇㄟㄏㄨㄚ(注音字母。花名) + +5. 米阔切,昂谑切(反切法。音乐类别,指民间器乐) + +6. Huā Mùlán(汉语拼音方案。人名,古代替父从军的巾帼英雄) + +7. liúfāngbǎishì(汉语拼音方案。成语,指好名誉永久流传) + +8. 特礼切,颊捏切(反切法。形容词,指细心忖度别人的心境,给予关切、照顾) + +9. A 字音绚,B 字音讹(直音法。一种鸟类,生活在南极地区) + +二 了解了零声母音节的概念,也赏析了前面那首声母歌,你有兴趣来展现一下创作的灵感吗?请写作一段40字以内的短文,题材不限,体裁不限,但所使用汉字的汉语拼音中必须包括以“i、u、ü”开头的零声母和以“a、o、e”开头的零声母。 + +三 改正下面有错误的汉语拼音形式。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00093.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00093.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..25b9848f184c2951b4bde8b92dd95c51657fd5ba --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00093.md @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +①忧愁 yiōuchóu( ), + +牙齿 yá chǐ ( ), + +影响 yǐngxiǎng( ), + +衣服 yifú( ), + +永远 yǒngyuǎn( ), + +腰肢 yāozhi ( ) ; + +②乌鸦 uyiā( ), + +温度 wūndù( ), + +青蛙 qīngwā( ), + +鸡窝 jīwō( ), + +见外 jiàn wài ( ), + +老翁 lǎowuēng( ); + +③鲤鱼 lǐ yú( ), + +遇见 yùjiàn( ), + +约会 yēhuì( ), + +缘分 yúanfèn(), + +红晕 hóngyùn( ); + +④旅行 lǚxíng( ), + +边区 biānqū ( ), + +虐待 nùedài ( ), + +叙说 shùshuō ( ), + +拒绝jùjué( )。 + +## 第二节 耳听为虚 + +## ——同音字和同音词 + +## 引子:花语谐趣 + +下面是一副脍炙人口的对联,其中有不少巧思妙对。请仔细体会一下: + +画上荷花和尚画;书临汉帖翰林书。 + +这副对联的上联中“上、尚”同音,“荷、和”同音;下联中“临、林”同音,“汉、翰”同音。这是一副回文联,联中同音字交错,正着倒着都可读,真是趣味无穷。 + +明朝解缙写的一副春联更妙: + +蒲叶桃叶葡萄叶,草本木本; + +梅花桂花玫瑰花,春香秋香。 + + + +这副对联中,第一字跟第五字同音,即“蒲”和“葡”、“梅”和“玫”;第三字跟第六字,即“桃”和“萄”、“桂”和“瑰”,当时也都是同音字。此外,“蒲草”是草本植物,“桃树”是木本植物;“梅花”在春天开放,“桂花”则在秋天送香。对联谐音巧妙而不露斧凿之痕,真可谓大家手笔。 + +汉语的“同音”(同音字和同音词)现象十分普遍。同音有时候可能会给我们制造一些不大不小的麻烦,但如能巧妙地利用,也会使语言表达丰富多彩,妙趣横生。 diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00094.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00094.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43ab25717ea2299f485e1eabc41846114f54f9e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00094.md @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ +乐(yuè)”和“快乐(lè)”,“差(chā)错”、“出差(chāi)”和“参差(cēncī)”,“降(xiáng)服”和“下降(jiàng)”等。而由于声调不同造成的多音字就不那么容易辨别了,例如“处(chǔ)理”和“住处(chù)”,“重创(chuāng)”和“创(chuàng)造”,“尽(jǐn)管”和“尽(jìn)力”等。 + +## ■ “方言音” 造成误读 + +同一个字或词在方言中的读音可能跟普通话不一样,甚至差别很大,因此方言音的影响也是造成误读的一个重要原因。比如东北方言会将“日(rì)”读作“yì”,“肉(ròu)”读作“yòu”。湖南方言中“l、n”不分,有人可能会把“河南”读成“荷兰”。安徽方言中“f、h”分不清,有人可能会把“花生、荒地”读成“发生、方地”。 + +## “异读”:选择一种读法 + +“异读”是指一个字在实际使用中存在着两种读音,有人这么读,有人那么读,这是由读音的不统一造成的。比如“波浪”,有人读“bōlàng”,有人读“pōlàng”;再如“比较”,有人读“bǐjiào”,有人读“bījiào”。对于这种并不区别意义而又同时有多种读音的情况,显然应该选择其中一种读音作为正确读音,特别是当有关部门审订了读音之后,就要按照规范的读音来读。 + +## ■ 异读词产生的原因 + +虽然异读本身是字音问题,但表现在词语中,就造成了异读词。语言中形成异读词有三种原因。一种是由读书音(文读)和口语音(白读)的分歧造成的。比如“露(露)”的读书音是“pù”,口语音是“bào”;“熟”的读书音是“shú”,口语音是“shóu”;“血”的读书音是“xuè”,口语音是“xiě”。另一种是受方言的影响造成的。比如普通话吸收了上海话“揩油”这个词,使“揩”产生了“kāi”和“kǎi”两种读音;再如“卡片”的“卡”受北京方言的影响,也有了“kǎ”和“qiǎ”两种读音。还有一种是误读造成的。例如“(机)械”读成“jiè”,“畸(型)”读成“qí”,“(发)酵”读成“xiào”。但是说的人多了,便习非成是,形成了异读。 + +## ■ 异读词的审音和规范 + +为了解决异读词问题,1956年国家成立了普通话审音委员会,负责审订普通话中常用异读词的读音。1957年到1962年分三次发表了《普通话异读词审音表初稿》,一共审订了1000多条异读词的读音,1963年辑录成《普通话异读词三次审音总表初稿》。下面是一些经过审音规范的异读词: + +(1) 声母不同的异读词 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
异读词规范的读音不规范的读音异读词规范的读音不规范的读音
玩弄nònglòng波浪
步骤zhòuzòu暂时zànzhàn
包庇发酵jiàoxiào
+ +(2) 韵母不同的异读词 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
异读词规范的读音不规范的读音异读词规范的读音不规范的读音
熟练shúshóu琴弦xiánxuán
恶劣lièlüè跳跃yuèyào
娇嫩nènnùn露头lòu
+ +(3) 声调不同的异读词 + +
异读词规范的读音不规范的读音异读词规范的读音不规范的读音
比较jiàojiǎo指导dǎodào
拥护yǒngyǒng危险wēiwéi
亚洲质量zhìzhǐ
diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00095.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00095.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..953ba6c1268292b200054c83867d6c0cb3ba22e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00095.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +文字是在人类的长期生产实践中逐渐产生出来的。世界上的古老文明都有自己独立形成的文字,比如古埃及的圣书字、古代两河流域的楔形文字和中国的汉字。这些文字都有一个特点,就是跟图画有千丝万缕的联系,字形很可能就是描画某个东西。圣书字、楔形文字都已经死亡了,只有汉字历经几千年传承至今。 + +我们目前能确定的最早的汉字是“甲骨文”。这是殷商时代刻在龟甲、兽骨上主要用于占卜的一种文字(见下图)。 + + + +甲骨文中很多字的字形看上去都很像图画,也就是字的形状跟字的意思有关联。比如大象的“象”字,现在你可能看不出它为什么写成这个样子了,但是它的甲骨文写作“$\text{象}$”;描画的就是一个长鼻子的大象的样子,只不过是竖起来画罢了。再比如“上”字,甲骨文写作“$\text{上}$”,在一条线的上边加一条短线,这就表示了“上边”的意思。还有“争斗”的“斗”,甲骨文写作“$\text{斗}$”,字形就很像两个人在相互搏斗。 + +汉字在漫长的演变过程中,字形也在不断变化。为了方便书写,很多象形字都渐渐变得不象形了。比如“虎”字,现在已看不出它跟一只老虎有什么关联了。但甲骨文写作“虎”,就是一只老虎的形状;后来在商周铭文中字形就演变为“芾”,笔画变少了,不如甲骨文那么象形;到了秦代的小篆,“虎”的写法进一步演变成“虎”;接下来小篆发展成隶书,“虎”字写成“虎”;最后是楷书,写作“虎”。从这个例子就可以清楚地看到汉字是如何一步步演变得越来越不像图画的。 + +下面这些字都是文献资料中显示的某些汉字的比较原始的写法。请同学们猜一猜它们各自是什么字,同时比较一下它们和今天汉字的写法有什么不同。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00096.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00096.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..10cd25c949d0cec7459623898ca6246136e87969 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00096.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +“依葫芦画瓢”就行了。这样造字的方法就叫作“象形”。比如“日”就写成像太阳的样子“○”,“月”就写成“☽”,“山”就写成“⛰”,“川”就写成“川”,另外,“木”就画成树的样子,“火”就画成火苗的样子。前边举的例子如“象”字和“虎”字,也属于象形字。 + +## 指事字 + +不管象形的笔画怎么简化,必须描画出事物之形。但客观事物纷繁复杂,而且具体的事物画得出来,抽象的事物却画不出来。于是人们就想出另一种造字的方法,就是“指事”。比如“上”和“下”,就在一条长线的上下分别画一条短线来表示。又如“本”和“刃”,树和刀好画,但树的根部和刀的锋刃却不好画,于是就在“木”下加一短线表示树根,在刀口处加一短线表示刀刃。 + +## 会意字 + +指事字已经由单纯形象过渡到突出表意,这就给了人们新的启发,既然可以在象形字上加个符号构成新字,那也就可以把两个或两个以上象形字或指事字拼合在一起,并且把它们的意义结合成一个新的意义,这种造字方法就是“会意”。比如“采”字,下边是个“木”字,表示树,上边画个“爪”,表示正在抓取东西的手,“采”的意思就一目了然了。再如“出”丄,由一个“止”一个“口”组成,表示脚从土坎中走出来。“步”包括两个“止”,前面两脚交替走路。“休”亻木,由一个人字和一个木字组成,表示人靠在树上休息。前面举例所说的“斗(門)”也是个会意字。 + +## 形声字 + +用前面三种方法造出来的字总体来说都是表意的。但是语言毕竟是用声音来反映各种事物的。何况语言中有表示事物个性的词,也有表示事物共性的词;有表示具体事物的词,也有表示抽象概念的词;有实词,也有大量的虚词;这些用表意的方法很难造出字来。比如可以画出一棵树的样子“木”来表示“树”,可是树有千百种,又怎么能一 一表意造字呢?这也促使人们想出一种新的办法,即用一个字的一半符号表示意义,另一半符号表示声音,这种造字方法就是“形声”。如“桃、梅、橘、柿、松、柏、杨、柳”等各种树,其中的形符都是“木”,表示跟树有关,但是由于声符不同,各自就表示不同的树。再加“想、念、虑、忘、感、忿、怒、怨、恐、愁”等,其中的形符都是“心”,表示跟心理活动有关。但是声符不同,就表示不同的心理活动。由于形声字能区别同音字和多义字,而且很容易造出来,因此也就越来越多,最终成为汉字的主体。甲骨文里形声字仅占27%,而在东汉时期的《说文解字》中,形声字已经占汉字总数的82%,《康熙字典》里的形声字比例达到了90%,现代汉语中形声字的比例更高。 + +## 汉字有哪些不同的样子 + +时代在发展,汉字的形体也在不断变化,大部分都越来越不“象形”了。汉字字形演变的总趋势是由繁到简,并且不断趋向平直、方正和线条化,构造的形式也越来越多样化。但是几千年来,汉字始终保持着原始的绘画或表意符号的基本格局,或者说基本上是沿着原始的、文字诞生时的方向演变的,并没有像其他文字那样最终变成纯粹的表音文字。这在世界文字发展史上是独一无二的。汉字从最初诞生的样子到现在的样子,主要有甲骨文、金文、小篆、隶书和楷书五种基本形貌。 + +## 甲骨文 + +今天见到的甲骨文多数是商代时期的。甲骨文的字体象形程度高,笔画简单质朴,而且写法很不固定,笔道的多少、方向和偏旁的位置也灵活多变(见下页左图)。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00097.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00097.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cf9242215fcb8ff10591139b3d86ce9adc56c5db --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00097.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +## ■ 金文 + +金文是铸刻在青铜器上的铭文。应用年代上自商代早期,下至秦灭六国,约1200多年。金文(特别是后期金文)的字形大小趋于一致,线条圆润而凝练,排列整齐,古朴厚重(见右下图)。 + + + + + +大盂鼎(西周) + +## ■ 小篆 + +小篆又名“秦篆”,是由春秋战国时代的秦国文字逐渐演变而成的,通行于秦代和西汉前期。与甲骨文、金文相比,小篆的字形有两点非常显著的变化:一是字形进一步趋于规整匀称,象形程度进一步降低;二是一部分字形明显地简化了。标准篆书体的体式排列整齐、行笔圆转、线条匀净而颀长,呈现出庄严美丽的风格(见右图)。 + + + +琅玡刻石(秦) + +## ■ 隶书 + +隶书是由篆书的草率写法演变而成的。因为篆书圆转弯曲的笔道太多,写起来很费时间,所以在非郑重场合,人们把弧形笔道变成比较平直的笔画。这种字体在战国后期的秦国开始出现,汉代普遍使用。隶书的出现大大方便了书写和镌刻,在文字演变史上跨上了一个新的、关键性的阶梯,对于汉字的规范和最终定型至关重要(见下图)。 + + + +礼器碑(汉) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00098.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00098.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2d0f1853a4253a143d12adf25e2cff06a179782d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00098.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +## 楷书 + +楷书的“楷”当“楷模”讲,“楷书”的原意就是可以作为楷模的字。楷书保存了隶书的结构,去掉了隶书的波挑,字体端庄,书写方便。楷书形成于汉魏之际,进入南北朝后,它就代替了隶书的正统地位。长期的使用证明它是实用性和艺术性结合较好的一种书体,因而一直是官方所采用的正式字体,也成为书法史上一个最大的流派(见右图)。 + + + +玄秘塔碑(唐) + +## 小试身手 + +一 有些字虽然不是象形字,人们现在却能利用它们来“象形”。拼音文字的字母也可以用来象形,比如“S路、T恤”等,但是跟起源于图画且至今仍属表意文字的汉字比起来,就是小巫见大巫了。汉语中说“一字眉、八字脚、丁字路口、工字楼、国字脸、之字路线”等,无不形象生动。请同学们再想一想,还有哪些汉字的字形曾经给你带来记忆的联想或表达上的方便。 + +二 拆解古文字是很有意思的(可不是算命先生的那种“拆字”把戏)。如“宿、疾”二字,甲骨文分别写成“阝、阝”。“宿”原来的写法很像人睡在屋里的簟席之上,“疾”像人生病躺在床上,甚至还在流虚汗(旁边的小点儿)。只不过甲骨文把它们都写得竖立了起来,看不出人躺着的样子了。“梦”字甲骨文写做“牝”,照着上边拆解的方法,你也试着讲一讲这个字的“道理”。另外甲骨文中,“伐”和“戍”分别写做“祚”、“祚”,请试着也拆解一下。 + +三 汉字演进中的种种形态一直启发着后人的书法艺术创作。“甲、金、篆、隶、楷”都成为书法创作的一种风格,并且演进分化出许多小的分支流派来。下面提供一些书法作品的图片,请同学们鉴赏一下,看看分别属于或接近哪种字体。 + + + +参政帖(宋·米芾) + + + +前后赤壁赋卷(明·祝允明) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00099.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00099.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dd4df5cd87426370d97c9d27ad34c13e91ae9433 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00099.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +## 汉字的房子怎么“拆” + +房子能盖就能拆,每个汉字都能拆分成部件,这种拆分属于字形的分析,不用考虑字音和字义。汉字是各级单位一层层组织起来的,所以拆分也要一步步进行,从大到小,层层剥离,直到最小的部件为止。请看下面这个“礴”字的例子: + + + +给汉字“盖房子”是不需要我们学着去做的,因为古人或专家已经“盖”好放在字典里了。但是怎么“拆房子”,也就是把一个汉字拆分成各个部件却是一项很有用的技能,比如在查字典或者用五笔输入法等在计算机上输入汉字时,就都用得上拆字。汉字的拆分不能是随意的,主要要考虑分出来的部件是否具有“生命力”,即能否再作为其他字的部件。如果一个字比较复杂,不止一个结构层次,也不能一下子拆到最小结构,而要分级拆分。上边那个“礴”字就是这样。 + +虽说拆解汉字有种种规则,不能乱拆。但利用拆字制作字谜或破解拆字游戏还是古来就有,如果运用巧妙,还可以传达比较有趣的文化信息。比如东汉末年董卓专权,民间曾流传一首童谣:“千里草,何青青。十日卜,不得生。”“千里草”为“董”字,“十日卜”为“卓”字,歌谣通过拆字来暗喻董卓虽势强却不能长久。此外拆字有时还能帮助解释字义。比如“男”是会意字,拆开来就是“人在田地里劳动”;歇后语“二字头上一把刀——忍了呗”,巧妙地利用拆字解释“忍”的意义。当然拆字释义不能想当然,比如有人说“人多”为“侈”,“父多”为“爹”,“儒”表示“人需要教育”,“假”都是“人做的”,“十分具体”才是“真”。这些所谓“新说解文字”,不但牵强附会,甚至有点像测字先生的胡说八道了。 + +## 小试身手 + +一 宋朝有个女诗人叫朱淑真。相传,她曾经创作了一首《断肠谜》词,描写一位纯情少女失恋后的悔恨心情和断绝相思的决心。这首词的每一句话都是字谜的谜面,每句打一个字,谜底恰是“一”到“十”十个汉字。下面把词的句子打乱了顺序,请把它们整理成原词。 + +问苍天,人在何方 + +悔当初,吾错失口 + +千里相思一撇消 + +恨王孙,一直去了 + +皂白何须问 + +下楼来,金簪卜落 + +詈冤家,言去难留 + +有上交,无下交 + +分开不用刀 + +从今莫把仇人靠 + +二 汉字的拆字拼字往往能组成奇妙的对联。传说苏轼的妹妹苏小妹给佛印出了一个上联:“人曾是僧,人弗能成佛”。此联是个很巧妙的拆字拼字联:“僧”是“人兽”相拼,“佛”是“人弗”相联,而其中又暗藏不恭。佛印自然不会示弱,马上对道:“女卑为婢,女又可称奴”,竟然对得天衣无缝。下面也是一些拆字联,感兴趣的同学可以试着拆拆。 + +① 少水沙即露 是土堤方成 + +② 鸿为江边鸟 蚕为天下虫 + +③ 此木为荣山山出 白水作泉日日昌 diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00100.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00100.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0851398ae770b2ef3e92a34bdc6e0eaa620fb700 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00100.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +“没有,没有认出来。我没有工夫认人。当时我根本没有看。”玛丝洛娃说。 + + + +玛丝洛娃 [苏]列奥尼德·帕斯捷尔纳克 作 + +“不是有过一个孩子吗?”聂赫留朵夫问,感到脸红了。 + +“谢天谢地,他当时就死了。”她气愤地简单回答,转过眼睛不去看他。 + +“真的吗?是怎么死的?” + +“我当时自己病了,差一点儿也死掉。”玛丝洛娃说,没有抬起眼睛来。 + +“姑妈她们$^{①}$怎么会放您走的?” + +“谁还会把一个怀孩子的女佣留在家里呢?她们一发现这事,就把我赶出来了。说这些干什么呀!我什么都不记得,全都忘了。那事早完了。” + +“不,没有完。我不能丢下不管。哪怕到今天我也要赎我的罪。” + +“没有什么罪可赎的。过去的事都过去了,全完了。”玛丝洛娃说。接着,完全出乎他的意料,她忽然瞟了他一眼,又嫌恶又妖媚又可怜地微微一笑。 + +玛丝洛娃怎么也没想到会看见他,特别是在此时此地,因此最初一刹那,他的出现使她震惊,使她回想起她从不回想的往事。最初一刹那,她模模糊糊地想起那个充满感情和理想的新奇天地,这是那个热爱她并为她所热爱的迷人青年给她打开的。然后她想到了他那难以理解的残酷,想到了接二连三的屈辱和苦难,这都是紧接着那些醉人的幸福降临和由此而产生的。她感到痛苦,但她无法理解这事。她就照例把这些往事从头脑里驱除,竭力用堕落生活的特种迷雾把它遮住。此刻她就是这样做的。最初一刹那,她把坐在她面前的这个人同她一度爱过的那个青年联系起来,但接着觉得太痛苦了,就不再这样做。现在这个衣冠楚楚、脸色红润、胡子上洒过香水的老爷,对她来说,已不是她所爱过的那个聂赫留朵夫,而是一个截然不同的人。那种人在需要的时候可以玩弄像她这样的女人,而像她这样的女人也总是要尽量从他们身上多弄到些好处。就因为这个缘故,她向他妖媚地笑了笑。她沉默了一会儿,考虑着怎 + +①〔姑妈她们〕指聂赫留朵夫的两个姑姑。玛丝洛娃原本是聂赫留朵夫姑姑家的女仆。下文的“巴诺伏”是聂赫留朵夫姑姑的庄园,聂赫留朵夫和玛丝洛娃年轻时便是在那里相遇的。 + diff --git a/markdowns/education_scanned_00101.md b/markdowns/education_scanned_00101.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2e946b518d51b298d87758ff57527141e22d1e40 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/education_scanned_00101.md @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +行者有志$^{①}$。不失其所者久$^{②}$,死而不亡者寿$^{③}$。(第三十三章) + +其安易持$^{④}$,其未兆易谋$^{⑤}$,其脆易泮$^{⑥}$,其微易散$^{⑦}$。为之于未有$^{⑧}$,治之于未乱。合抱之木,生于毫末$^{⑨}$;九层之台,起于累土$^{⑩}$;千里之行,始于足下。为者败之$^{⑪}$,执者失之$^{⑫}$。是以圣人无为$^{⑬}$,故无败;无执,故无失。民之从事,常于几$^{⑭}$成而败之。慎终如始,则无败事。是以圣人欲不欲$^{⑮}$,不贵难得之货,学不学$^{⑯}$,复众人之所过$^{⑰}$,以辅万物之自然而不敢为。(第六十四章) + +## 五石之瓠$^{⑱}$ + +《庄子》 + +惠子谓庄子曰:“魏王贻我大瓠之种,我树$^{⑲}$之成而实五石$^{⑳}$。以盛水浆,其坚$^{㉑}$不能自举也。剖之以为瓢,则瓠落无所容$^{㉒}$。非不呺然$^{㉓}$大也,吾为其无用而掊$^{㉔}$之。”庄子曰:“夫子固拙于用大$^{㉕}$矣。宋人有善为不龟手之药$^{㉖}$者,世世以洴澼絖$^{㉗}$为事。客闻之请买其方百金。聚族而谋之曰:‘我世世为洴澼絖,不过数金。今一朝而鬻$^{㉘}$技百金,请与之。’客得之,以说$^{ ㉙}$吴王。越有难$^{㉚}$,吴 + +①〔强(qiǎng)行者有志〕勤勉而行的人有意志。 + +②[不失其所者久]不丧失立身之基的人能够长久。 + +③ [死而不亡者寿]死而不朽的人就是长寿。意思是,有道之人身死而道长存,这就是寿。 +④ [其安易持]事物安然未生变的时候容易持守。 +⑤ [其未堪堪] 问题还没有显露迹象的时候容易解决。 + +⑥〔其脆易泮〕事物脆弱的时候容易分离。泮,同“判”,分离。 +⑦〔其微易散〕事物细微的时候容易散失。 + +⑧〔为之于未有〕在事情未发生时就做。 +⑨〔毫末〕毫毛的末端。比喻极其细微的事物。 + +⑩〔累(léi)土〕一筐土。累,同“纂”,土筐。 +⑪〔为者败之〕动手去做的就会坏事。 + +⑫〔执者失之〕有所把持的就会失去。 + +⑬〔无为〕顺应自然,不有所作为。 +⑭〔几(jī)乎〕接近。 + +⑮〔欲不欲〕想要常人所不想要的。 +⑯〔学不学〕学习常人所不学习的。 + +⑰「复众人之所过」补救众人所犯的过错。复,弥补,补救。 + +⑱ 节选自《庄子·逍遥游》(《庄子集释》,中华书局 2004 年版)。题目是编者加的。石(shí).计算容量的单位,十斗为一石。瓠(hù)。葫芦。 + +⑲[树]:种植。 + +⑳〔实五石〕能容得下五石的东西。 + +㉑〔坚〕坚固。这里指大瓠的坚固程度。 + +㉒〔瓠(huò)落无所容〕宽大而没有什么可盛受的东西。瓠落,宽大空廓的样子。 + +㉓〔呺(xiǎo)然〕内中空虚而宽大的样子。 + +㉔〔掊(pǒu)〕击破。 + +㉕〔拙于用大〕不善于使用大的东西,不善于发挥事物的 “大” 的功用。 + +㉖(不龟(jūn)手之药)防止手冻裂的药物。龟,同“皲”,皮肤冻裂 + +㉗〔讲(píng)澼(pì)絖(kuàng)〕漂洗丝絮。讲澼,漂洗。絖,同 “纩”,丝绵絮。 + +㉘〔鬻(yù)〕卖。 + + ㉙〔说〕同“悦”,取悦。 + +㉚[越有难(nàn)]指越人发兵侵吴。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00001.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00001.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eaa76af2c92abec39b71d406f7a16443a6bf1a6d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00001.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +## Increases in the market prices of key component raw materials could increase the cost of our products and negatively impact our profitability. + +In addition to the continuous pressure on pricing which we have experienced from our largest customers, we also may not be able to recoup the higher costs of our products due to changes in the prices of raw materials, including, but not limited to, aluminum, copper, steel, and cardboard. We recover a substantial portion of our raw materials from Used Cores returned to us by our customers through the core exchange programs. To supplement Used Cores received from our customers, we purchase Used Cores from core brokers. Although this is not a primary source of Used Cores, it is a critical source for meeting our raw material demands. The higher prices of these Used Cores that we purchase could impact the cost of raw materials. Raw material price increases have had an impact on our product costs and profitability and continued increases will similarly adversely affect us. + +## Our financial results are affected by automotive parts failure rates that are outside of our control. + +Our operating results are affected over the long term by automotive parts failure rates. These failure rates are impacted by a number of factors outside of our control, including the reliability and durability of vehicles, the installation of the part, the number of miles driven by consumers, and the average age of vehicles on the road. These trends could reduce the demand for our products and thus adversely affect our sales and profitability. + +## Our reliance on foreign suppliers for some of the automotive parts we sell to our customers or included in our products presents risks to our business. + +A significant portion of automotive parts and components we use in our remanufacturing process are imported from suppliers located outside the U.S., including China and other countries in Asia. As a result, we are subject to various risks of doing business in foreign markets and importing products from abroad, such as the following, which we have experienced in the last fiscal year: + +· significant delays in the delivery of cargo due to port security and over-crowding considerations; + +· imposition of new and evolving duties, taxes, tariffs or other charges on imports; + +· financial or political instability in the countries in which our product is manufactured; + +· potential recalls or cancellations of orders for products that do not meet our quality standards; + +· disruption of imports by labor disputes or strikes and local business practices; + +· inability of our non-U.S. suppliers to obtain adequate credit or access liquidity to finance their operations; and + +· natural disasters, conflicts, disease epidemics and health related concerns, which could result in closed factories, reduced workforces, scarcity of raw materials and scrutiny or embargoing of goods. + +We also face the following risks related to doing business in foreign markets and importing products from abroad: + +· imposition of new legislation relating to import quotas or other restrictions that may limit the quantity of our product that may be imported into the U.S. from countries or regions where we do business; + +· political or military conflict involving foreign countries or the U.S., which could cause a delay in the transportation of our products and an increase in transportation costs; + +· heightened terrorism security concerns, which could subject imported goods to additional, more frequent or more thorough inspections, leading to delays in deliveries or impoundment of goods for extended periods; and + +· our ability to enforce agreements with our foreign suppliers. + +Any of the foregoing factors, or a combination of them, could increase the cost or reduce the supply of products available to us and materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00002.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00002.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bf559254cddebdf31ca2458a34cc2951d404648d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00002.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +facilities, business, and supply chain might face as a consequence of natural disasters, earthquakes, floods, droughts, and other such occurrences or severe weather/climate-related phenomena. + +We are subject to international, federal, state, and local regulations regarding workplace safety and protection of the environment. Various international, federal, state, and local provisions regulate the use and discharge of certain hazardous materials used in the manufacture of our products. Failure to comply with environmental regulations in the future could cause us to incur substantial costs, subject us to business interruptions or cause customers to cease purchasing from us. We strive to comply with all applicable environmental laws. All of our products meet the applicable requirements of the following European Union (EU) directives: Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH); Energy Related Products (ErP); and Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS). We also comply with the China RoHS directive. We have a global product take-back program and an e-waste scheme to comply with the EU directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), and Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) regulations in India, Singapore and California. + +We have maintained an environmental management system since December 2004 that provides the framework for setting, monitoring, and continuously improving our environmental goals and objectives. As part of ISO 14001 requirements, we set local environmental performance goals, such as reducing energy use per square foot and minimizing waste generated on site, that are aligned with our overall corporate strategy. We also conduct periodic reviews and are subject to third-party audits of our operations, and we monitor environmental legislation and requirements to help make sure we are taking necessary measures to remain in compliance with applicable laws, not only in our operations but also for our products. + +## Human Capital + +We take pride in, and believe our success depends on, attracting and retaining leading talent in the industry based on a culture-fit approach. From our inception, NetApp has worked to build a model company and has embraced a culture of openness and trust. Our employees are supported and encouraged to be innovative, and we communicate openly and transparently so that employees can focus on critical and impactful work that ties directly to our business strategy. We continue to invest in our global workforce to support inclusion and belonging and our employees’ well-being and development. + +## *Belonging* + +We believe inclusion and belonging lead to more innovation, better access to talent and improved business outcomes. Our strategies are intended to promote a team-based culture, inclusiveness, and to achieve sustained business results. + +## *Benefits, Wellbeing and Engagement* + +Our healthcare options offer competitive, comprehensive coverage for our employees and their families, including: + +• National medical plans; + +• Regional medical plans; + +• Expert advice from world-renowned doctors through our medical second opinion program; + +• National dental plans; + +• National vision plans; and + +• A robust wellness program. + +Insurance and income protection. We provide life, accidental death and dismemberment and disability insurance programs. For additional peace of mind, we also offer supplemental insurance for our employees and their dependents. + +Financial and savings programs. We offer flexible spending accounts, an employee stock purchase plan and competitive retirement plans, including options to maximize retirement savings. + +Flexible Work. We offer a flexible hybrid work program that allows employees, in consultation with their managers and teams, flexibility around where, when and how work is performed to deliver business outcomes, understanding that certain roles may be tied to specific locations or require an in-office presence due to business needs and job responsibilities, and to collaborate and connect most effectively. We are leaning into digital-first workflows, tools, and resources and programs to continuously promote flexibility, while enabling us to be productive, wherever we are. We also believe in the value of people being together, building relationships, fostering trust, collaboration and innovation. We have evolved into a hybrid model, in which employees who are assigned to an office can divide their work between the office and other locations about half the time. We continue to pilot, test and iterate our approach to support new ways of working and evolving the employee experience. + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00003.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00003.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5e05472149be0133fd4efa76efb960d7abe873d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00003.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +We sell our products primarily to large organizations in different industries and geographies. We do not require collateral or other security to support accounts receivable. In addition, we maintain an allowance for potential credit losses. To reduce credit risk, we perform ongoing credit evaluations on our customers’ financial condition. We establish an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon factors surrounding the credit risk of customers, historical trends and other information, including the expected impact of macroeconomic disruptions, and, to date, such losses have been within management’s expectations. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivable are limited due to the wide variety of customers who are dispersed across many geographic regions. + +There are no concentrations of business transacted with a particular market that would severely impact our business in the near term. However, we rely on a limited number of suppliers for certain key components and a few key contract manufacturers to manufacture most of our products; any disruption, or termination of these arrangements could materially adversely affect our operating results. + +## 4. Business Combinations + +## Fiscal 2023 Acquisition + +## Instaclustr Acquisition + +On May 20, 2022, we acquired all the outstanding shares of privately-held Instaclustr US Holding, Inc. (Instaclustr) for $498 million. Instaclustr is a leading platform provider of fully managed open-source database, pipeline and workflow applications delivered as-a-service. + +The acquisition-date values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are as follows (in millions): + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Amount
Cash$ 4
Intangible assets107
Goodwill413
Otherassets19
Total assets acquired543
Liabilitiesassumed(45)
Total purchase price$ 498
+ +The components of the intangible assets acquired were as follows (in millions, except useful life): + +
AmountEstimated useful life (years)
Developed technology$ 555
Customer contracts/relationships505
Tradename23
Total intangible assets$ 107
+ +The acquired net assets and assumed debt of Instaclustr were recorded at their estimated values. We determined the estimated values with the assistance of valuations and appraisals performed by third party specialists and estimates made by management. We expect to realize revenue synergies and anticipate opportunities for growth through the ability to leverage additional future products and capabilities. These factors, among others, contributed to a purchase price in excess of the estimated value of its identifiable net assets acquired, and as a result, we have recorded goodwill in connection with the acquisition. The goodwill is not deductible for income tax purposes. + +The results of operations related to the acquisition of Instaclustr have been included in our consolidated statements of income from the acquisition date. Pro forma results of operations have not been presented because the impact from the acquisition was not material to our consolidated results of operations. + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00004.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00004.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d5f4c30c16e17644e448cb9e3f8e888593405a4b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00004.md @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
10.26*Cognigo Research Ltd. Amended and
Restated Global Share Incentive Plan
(2016).
S-8333-23218799.1June 18,2019
10.27*CloudCheckr Inc. Amended and Restated
2017 Stock Option and Grant Plan.
S-8333-26146599.1December 2,2021
10.28*Outside Director Compensation Policy,as
amended effective September 13,2023.
10-Q000-2713010.3August 29, 2023
10.29*Amended and Restated Instaclustr US
Holding,Inc.2018 Stock Option Plan
S-8333-26564899.1June 16,2022
10.30Amended and Restated Credit Agreement,
dated as of January 22,2021,by and
among the NetApp,Inc,the lenders from
time to time party thereto and JPMorgan
Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent.
8-K000-2713010.1January 22,2021
10.31Amendment No.1 to Amendedand
Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of
November 17,2021,by and among the
Company, the lenders from time to time
party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank,
N.A., as administrative agent.
10-Q000-2713010.3March 2, 2022
10.32Amendment No.2 to Amended and
Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of
May 3,2023,by and among the Company,
the lenders from time to time party thereto
and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as
administrative agent.
10-K000-2713010.32June 14,2023
10.33Second Amended and Restated Credit
Agreement, dated as of March 5, 2025,by
and among NetApp, Inc., the lenders from
time to time party thereto and JPMorgan
Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent.
8-K000-2713010.1March 5, 2025
10.34Form of Dealer Agreement between the
Company, as issuer, and each Dealer.
8-K000-2713010.2December 12, 2016
10.35Offer Letter for employment at the
Company to César Cernuda, date March
23,2020
10-K000-2713010.58June 15,2020
diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00005.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00005.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..798381d92496b15972f29eb9bab1454b2e3606ff --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00005.md @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +reflecting higher operating performance against goals. The increase was partially offset by lower salaries expense, reflecting a decrease in average headcount of 7%. + +Sales and Marketing (in millions, except percentages): + +
Fiscal Year
20252024% Change2023% Change
Sales and marketing expenses$ 1,865$ 1,8282%$ 1,829      —%
+ +Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of compensation costs, commissions, outside services, facilities and IT support costs, advertising and marketing promotional expense and travel and entertainment expense. + +The increase in sales and marketing expenses in fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024 was primarily due to an increase in sales commission expenses. + +All primary components of sales and marketing expenses were relatively consistent in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023. + +Research and Development (in millions, except percentages): + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
FiscalYear
20252024% Change2023% Change
Research and development expenses$ 1,012$ 1,029(2)%$ 9568%
+ + +Research and development expenses consist primarily of compensation costs, facilities and IT support costs, depreciation, equipment and software related costs, prototypes, non-recurring engineering charges and other outside services costs. + +The decrease in research and development expenses in fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024 was primarily due to lower compensation costs. + +The increase in research and development expenses in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 was primarily due to higher compensation costs, attributable to higher incentive compensation expense and stock-based compensation expense, partially offset by lower salaries expense, reflecting a decrease in average headcount of 5%. + +General and Administrative (in millions, except percentages): + + +
Fiscal Year
20252024% Change2023% Change
General and administrative expenses$ 311$ 3081%$ 26516%
+ +General and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation costs, professional and corporate legal fees, outside services and facilities and IT support costs. + +General and administrative expenses remained relatively flat in fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024. + +The increase in general and administrative expenses in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 was attributable to increases in all components of compensation costs, but predominately incentive compensation expense. Professional and legal fees and outside services expense was also slightly higher in fiscal 2024 due to higher spending on certain business transformation projects. + +Restructuring Charges (in millions, except percentages): + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
FiscalYear
20252024% Change2023% Change
Restructuring charges$ 83$ 4489%$ 120(63)%
+ diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00006.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00006.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fb8c38f643c7078ac521564ab76eb7886084b4b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00006.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +## Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm + +To the shareholders and the board of directors of Integral Technologies Inc. + +## Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements + +We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Integral Technologies Inc. (the "Company") as of June 30, 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ deficit and cash flows, for the year then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. + +## Going Concern + +The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 3 to the financial statements, the Company has incurred losses in developing its business, and further losses are anticipated. The Company requires additional funds to meet its obligations and the costs of its operations. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in this regard are described in Note 3. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty + +## Basis for Opinion + +These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. + +We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. + + + + + + + + + + + +
VancouverSurreyTri-CitiesVictoria
1500-1140 West Pender St.
Vancouver, BC V6E 4GI
604.687.4747
200-1688 152 St.
Surrey,BC V4A 4N2
604.531.1154
700-2755 Lougheed Hwy
Port Coquitlam,BC V3B 5Y9
604.941.8266
320-730 View St.
Victoria,BC V8W 3Y7 250.800.4694
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00007.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00007.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..326c29c774d87deefcf5ca93e20df8f85efb14ed --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00007.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + + +
10.36Senior Executive Employment Contract by
and between NetApp Sales Spain S.L., a
subsidiary of the Company,and Cesar
Cernuda, effective January 1,2021
10-Q000-2713010.1January 29,2021
10.37Offer Letter for employment at the
Company to Michael J. Berry,dated
January 30,2020.
10-Q000-2713010.1August 28, 2020
10.38Offer Letter for employment at the
Company to Wissam Jabre, dated January
9,2025.
10-Q000-2713010.1February 27,2025
10.39Underwriting Agreement, dated June 17,
2020,by and among the Company,
Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC,J.P.Morgan
Securities LLC, BofA Securities,Inc. and
Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC.
8-K000-271301.1June 17,2020
10.40Underwriting Agreement, dated March 12,
2025,by and among NetApp, Inc.,
Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, J.P. Morgan
Securities LLC, BofA Securities,Inc. and
Wells Fargo Securities,LLC.
8-K000-271301.1March 17,2025
19.1Insider Trading Policies and Procedures of
the Company.
----
21.1Subsidiaries of the Company.----
23.1Consent of Independent Registered Public
Accounting Firm.
----
24.1Power of Attorney (see signature page).----
31.1Certification of the Chief Executive Officer
pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-
Oxley Act of 2002.
----
31.2Certification of the Chief Financial Officer
pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-
Oxley Act of 2002.
----
32.1Certification of Chief Executive Officer
pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as
adopted pursuant to section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
----
32.2Certification of Chief Financial Officer
pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as
adopted pursuant to section 906ofthe
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
----
+ diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00008.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00008.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7375101868efa902743c28d8b8f0c5d862da3d73 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00008.md @@ -0,0 +1,195 @@ +## MOTORCAR PARTS OF AMERICA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES +## Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Common StockAdditional Paid-in Capital Common StockRetained EarningsAccumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) IncomeTotal
SharesAmount
Balance at March 31,202219,104,751$ 191,000$ 227,184,000$ 92,954,000$ (5,066,000)$ 315,263,000
Compensation recognized under +employee stock plans--4,685,000--4,685,000
Exercise of stock options, net of shares +withheld for employee taxes and net +share settlement of exercise price236,1992,000938,000--940,000
ssuance of common stock upon +vesting of RSUs,net of shares +withheld for employee taxes153,6652,000 (971,000)--(969,000)
Foreign currency translation----4,763,0004,763,000
Net loss---(4,207,000)-(4,207,000)
Balance at March 31,202319,494,615$ 195,000 $ 231,836,000$ 88,747,000$ (303,000)$ 320,475,000
Compensation recognized under +employee stock plans--4,700,000--4,700,000
Issuance of common stock upon +vesting of RSUs,net of shares +withheld for employee taxes167,7652,000(281,000)--(279,000)
Foreign currency translation----9,458,0009,458,000
Net loss---(49,244,000)-(49,244,000)
Balance at March 31,202419,662,380$ 197,000$ 236,255,000 $ 39,503,000$ 9,155,000$ 285,110,000
Compensation recognized under +employee stock plans--3,877,000--3,877,000
Issuance of common stock upon +vesting of RSUs and PSUs,net of +shares withheld for employee taxes315,4602,000(892,000)--(892,000)
Repurchase and cancellation of +common stock,including fees(542,134)(5,000)(4,827,000)--(4,827,000)
Foreign currency translation----(6,096,000)(6,096,000)
Net loss ---(19,470,000)-(19,470,000)
Balance at March 31, 202519,435,706$ 194,000$ 234,413,000$ 20,033,000$ 3,059,000$ 257,699,000 +
+ +The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part hereof. + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00009.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00009.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bd2759fcdffc152c627c49a0cb5f944d2f5a197c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00009.md @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +Public Cloud revenues are derived from the sale of public cloud offerings delivered primarily as-a-service, which include cloud storage, data services and operational services. + +Public Cloud revenues increased in fiscal 2025 and fiscal 2024 compared to the respective prior years primarily due to customer demand for NetApp’s diversified cloud offerings, coupled with overall growth in the cloud market. + +## Revenues by Geographic Area: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Fiscal Year
202520242023
United States, Canada and Latin America (Americas)51%51%51%
Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA)34%34%34%
Asia Pacific (APAC)15%15%15%
+ +Percentages may not add due to rounding + +Americas revenues consist of sales to Americas commercial and United States (U.S.) public sector markets. Demand across geographies was relatively consistent for each fiscal year presented. + +## Cost of Revenues + +Our cost of revenues consists of: + +(1) cost of product revenues, composed of (a) cost of Hybrid Cloud product revenues, which includes the costs of manufacturing and shipping our products, inventory write-downs, and warranty costs, and (b) unallocated cost of product revenues, which includes stock-based compensation and amortization of intangibles, and; + +(2) cost of services revenues, composed of (a) cost of support revenues, which includes the costs of providing support activities for hardware and software support, global support partnership programs, and third party royalty costs, (b) cost of professional and other services revenues, (c) cost of public cloud revenues, constituting the cost of providing our Public Cloud offerings which includes depreciation and amortization expense and third party datacenter fees, and (d) unallocated cost of services revenues, which includes stock-based compensation and amortization of intangibles. + +## Cost of Product Revenues (in millions, except percentages): + + + + + + +Costof product revenues + +Hybrid Cloud + +Unallocated + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Fiscal Year
20252024% Change2023% Change
$ 1,284$ 1,13713%$ 1,517(25)%
1,2781,13113%1,511(25)%
66-%6-%
+ +## Hybrid Cloud + +Cost of Hybrid Cloud product revenues represented 42%, 40% and 50% of Hybrid Cloud product revenues in fiscal 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Materials costs represented 89%, 88% and 94% of cost of Hybrid Cloud product revenues in fiscal 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. + +Materials costs increased by $140 million in fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024 primarily reflecting the increase in product revenues. + +Hybrid Cloud product gross margins decreased by approximately two percentage points in fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024 primarily due to higher component costs. + +Materials costs decreased by $418 million in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 reflecting lower component and freight costs as a result of supply chain improvements. Materials costs were also impacted by the decrease in product revenues in fiscal 2024. + +Hybrid Cloud product gross margins increased by approximately ten percentage points in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 primarily due to lower component and freight costs. + +Unallocated + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00010.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00010.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..09ec6a260c545d524589728b0176eab39f15a7ae --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00010.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +## SIGNATURES + +Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. + +Integral Technologies, Inc. + +Dated: June 9, 2025 + +By: /s/ Douglas Bathauer +Douglas Bathauer, Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) + +Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. + +Dated: June 9, 2025 + +By: /s/ Douglas Bathauer +Douglas Bathauer, Director + +Dated: June 9, 2025 + +By: /s/ James Eagan +James Eagan, Director + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00011.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00011.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7055caae210f5b99e3ba393efedb44dd2673854f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00011.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
NumberDescription of ExhibitMethod of Filing
4.12First Amended and Restated 2022 Incentive Award PlanIncorporated by reference to Appendix B to the Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on July 26,2024.
10.1Form of Indemnification Agreement for officers and directorsIncorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the 1997 Registration Statement.
10.2Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of
December 31, 2008, by and between the Company and Selwyn
Joffe
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on
Form 8-K filed January 7,2009.
10.3Employment Agreement, dated as of May 18, 2012, between
Motorcar Parts of America, Inc., and Selwyn Joffe
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on
Form 8-K filed on May 24, 2012.
10.4Form of Stock Option Notice for use in connection with stock
options granted to Selwyn Joffe pursuant to the Motorcar Parts of America, Inc. 2010 Incentive Award Plan
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on
Form 8-K filed on August 12, 2013.
10.5Form of Stock Option Agreement for use in connection with stock options granted to Selwyn Joffe pursuant to the Motorcar Parts of America, Inc. 2010 Incentive Award PlanIncorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Current Report on
Form 8-K filed on August 12,2013.
10.6*Revolving Credit, Term Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of June 3, 2015, among Motorcar Parts of America, Inc., each lender
from time to time party thereto, and PNC Bank, National
Association, as administrative agent
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 8, 2015.
10.7First Amendment to Revolving Credit, Term Loan and Security
Agreement, dated as of November 5, 2015, among Motorcar Parts of America, Inc., each lender from time to time party thereto, and PNC Bank, National Association, as administrative agent
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 9,2015.
10.8Consent and Second Amendment to Revolving Credit, Term Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of May 19,2016,among
Motorcar Parts of America, Inc., each lender from time to time
party thereto, and PNC Bank, National Association, as
administrative agent
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 9, 2016.
+ diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00012.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00012.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8b8424bde844d7c7e486c0df9f0f77c576a8fd42 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00012.md @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +## SIGNATURES + +Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. + +NETAPP, INC. + +By: /s/ GEORGE KURIAN + +George Kurian + +Chief Executive Officer and Director + +(Principal Executive Officer and Principal Operating Officer) + +Date: June 9, 2025 + +## POWER OF ATTORNEY + +KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints George Kurian and Wissam Jabre, and each of them, as his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or their or his substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof. + +Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
SignatureTitleDate
/s/ GEORGE KURIANChief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer
and Principal Operating Officer)
June 9, 2025
George Kurian
/s/ WISSAM JABREExecutive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
June 9, 2025
Wissam Jabre
/s/ DANIEL DE LORENZOVice President and Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)
June 9,2025
Daniel De Lorenzo
/s/ T. MICHAEL NEVENSChairman of the BoardJune 9,2025
T. Michael Nevens
/s/ DEEPAK AHUJADirectorJune 9, 2025
Deepak Ahuja
/s/ ANDERS GUSTAFSSONDirectorJune 9, 2025
Anders Gustafsson
/s/ GERALD HELDDirectorJune 9, 2025
Gerald Held
/s/ DEBORAH KERRDirectorJune 9,2025
Deborah Kerr
/s/ CARRIE PALINDirectorJune 9,2025
Carrie Palin
/s/ FRANK PELZERDirectorJune 9,2025
Frank Pelzer
/s/ SCOTT SCHENKELDirectorJune 9,2025
Scott Schenkel
+ diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00013.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00013.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1642e44ece0cd6f8809361118833912a683649c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00013.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +## 7. Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements + +The accounting guidance for fair value measurements provides a framework for measuring fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis, whereby the inputs used in valuation techniques are assigned a hierarchical level. The following are the three levels of inputs to measure fair value: + +*Level 1*: Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. + +*Level 2*: Inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in less active markets; quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the assets or liabilities; or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means. + +*Level 3*: Unobservable inputs that reflect our own assumptions incorporated in valuation techniques used to measure fair value. These assumptions are required to be consistent with market participant assumptions that are reasonably available. + +We consider an active market to be one in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis, and consider an inactive market to be one in which there are infrequent or few transactions for the asset or liability, the prices are not current, or price quotations vary substantially either over time or among market makers. Where appropriate, our own or the counterparty’s non-performance risk is considered in measuring the fair values of liabilities and assets, respectively. + +## Investments + +The following is a summary of our investments at their cost or amortized cost as of April 25, 2025 and April 26, 2024 (in millions): + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
April 25,
2025
April 26,
2024
U.S. Treasury and government debt securities$ 2,025$ 1,349
Money market funds1,1261,161
Certificates of deposit2412
Mutual funds4138
Total debt and equity securities$ 3,216$ 2,560
+ +The fair value of our investments approximates their cost or amortized cost for both periods presented. Investments in mutual funds relate to the non-qualified deferred compensation plan offered to certain employees. + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00014.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00014.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d81bceeb38f40c412547f184ad97e4c71c825c8f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00014.md @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +## UNITED STATES + +## SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION + +Washington, D.C. 20549 + +## Form 10-K + +(Mark One) + +## ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 +For the fiscal year ended April 25, 2025 + +or + +## TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 + +For the transition period from + +to + +Commission File Number 000-27130 + + + +## NetApp, Inc. + +(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) + +Delaware +(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) + +77-0307520 +(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) + +3060 Olsen Drive, + +San Jose, California 95128 + +(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code) + +(408) 822-6000 + +(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) + +Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: + +Title of each class +Common Stock, $0.001 Par Value + +Trading Symbol(s) +NTAP + +Name of exchange on which registered +The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC + +Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: +None + +Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☑ No ☐ + +Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes □ No ✓ + +Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No □ + +Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ +No □ + +Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. + +Large accelerated filer ☑ + +Accelerated filer □ + +Non-accelerated filer □ + +Smaller reporting company □ + +Emerging growth company □ + +If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. □ + +Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☑ + +If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. □ + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00015.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00015.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a1a3cac15d5d3b787fd6fef253ec63f2f6fe85c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00015.md @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +## Stock Options + +The Company did not grant any stock options during the years ended March 31, 2025 or 2023, and options to purchase 132,133 shares of common stock were granted during the year ended March 31, 2024. The following summarizes the Black-Scholes option-pricing model assumptions used to derive the weighted average fair value of the stock options granted during the year ended March 31, 2024. + +
Year Ended
March 31
2024
Weighted average risk free interest rate4.53%
Weighted average expected holding period (years)6.57
Weighted average expected volatility51.29%
Weighted average expected dividend yield-
Weighted average fair value of options granted$ 3.75
+ +The following is a summary of stock option transactions: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Number of
Shares
Average
Exercise Price
Outstanding at March 31,20241,108,017$ 20.29
Forfeited/Cancelled(17,723)$ 20.13
Expired(36,733)$ 22.93
Outstanding at March 31, 20251,053,561$ 20.20
+ +At March 31, 2025, options to purchase 87,288 shares of common stock were unvested at the weighted average exercise price of $9.32. + +No options were exercised during the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The pre-tax intrinsic value of options exercised during the year ended March 31, 2023 was $2,427,000 based on the market value of the Company’s common stock at March 31, 2023. The total fair value of stock options vested during the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 was $164,000, $324,000, and $1,140,000, respectively. + +The following summarizes information about the options outstanding at March 31, 2025: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Options OutstandingOptions Exercisable
Range of
Exercise price
SharesWeighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Life
In Years
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
SharesWeighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Life
InYears
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
$9.32 to $17.38334,524$ 12.976.45$ 24,000247,236$ 14.265.73$ 8,000
$19.00 to $22.73404,21319.583.78404,21319.583.78
$25.21 to $27.40125,80027.332.22125,80027.332.22
$28.68 to $31.13189,02429.590.95189,02429.590.95
1,053,561$ 20.203.93$ 24,000966,273$ 21.193.52$ 8,000
+ +The aggregate intrinsic values in the above table represent the pre-tax value of all in-the-money options if all such options had been exercised on March 31, 2025 based on the Company’s closing stock price of $9.50 as of that date. + +At March 31, 2025, there was $241,000 of total unrecognized compensation expense from stock-based compensation granted under the plans, which is related to non-vested shares. The compensation expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted average vesting period of 1.5 years. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00016.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00016.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..39da55ba6287be010eed3fa6ca63915008342f8a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00016.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +## MOTORCAR PARTS OF AMERICA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES + +## Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows + + + +
Years Ended March 31,
202520242023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss$ (19,470,000)$$ (49,244,000)$$ (4,207,000)$
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization9,923,00010,544,00010,984,000
Amortization of intangible assets477,000$1,075,000$1,460,000
Amortization of debt issuance costs2,222,0002,165,000663,000
Amortization of interest on contract liabilities, net749,000933,000940,000
Accrued interest on convertible notes, related party3,521,0003,200,000$9,000$
Loss on extinguishment of debt-$168,000$-
Amortization of core premiums paid to customers9,826,00010,181,00011,113,000
Amortization of finished goods premiums paid to customers912,000782,000678,000
Non-cash lease expense9,540,00010,255,0008,348,000
Foreign exchange impact of lease liabilities and forward contracts15,892,000(3,814,000)(9,291,000)
Foreign currency remeasurement2,262,00065,0001,408,000
Change in fair value of compound net derivative liability60,000(1,020,000)-
(Gain) loss on short-term investments(105,000)(347,000)181,000
Net provision for inventory reserves15,009,00016,233,00018,851,000
Net provision for customer payment discrepancies1,507,0001,452,0002,112,000
Net provision for (recovery of) doubtful accounts42,000(133,000)108,000
Deferred income taxes(1,805,000)29,564,000(5,207,000)
Share-based compensation expense3,877,0004,700,0004,685,000
Loss on disposal of plant and equipment5,000$9,000$17,000
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable2,407,00022,687,000(37,176,000)
Inventory19,615,000(53,585,000)10,423,000
Inventory unreturned1,723,000(3,666,000)(1,531,000)
Income tax receivable1,450,000(3,501,000)(2,030,000)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets(2,259,000)3,100,000(2,906,000)
Other assets(1,509,000)(601,000)435,000
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(13,280,000)47,264,000(23,757,000)
Customer finished goods returns accrual(3,676,000)$222,000$(201,000)
Contract assets, net(29,981,000)(14,221,000)(17,560,000)
Contract liabilities, net29,381,00014,664,00017,719,000
Operating lease liabilities(9,088,000)(8,702,000)(7,141,000)
Other liabilities(3,750,000)(1,257,000)(881,000)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities45,477,00039,172,000(21,754,000)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of plant and equipment(4,578,000)(1,000,000)(4,201,000)
Proceeds from sales of plant and equipment49,000--
Redemptions of short-term investments60,000521,00010,000
Net cash used in investing activities(4,469,000)(479,000)(4,191,000)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Borrowings under revolving loan541,423,00082,005,00065,000,000
Repayments under revolving loan(578,636,000)(99,205,000)(74,800,000)
Repayments of term loan-(13,125,000)(3,750,000)
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes, related party--32,000,000
Payments for debt issuance costs(15,000)(3,973,000)(1,716,000)
Payments on finance lease obligations(1,705,000)(1,862,000)(2,397,000)
Exercise of stock options--940,000
Cash used to net share settle equity awards(890,000)(279,000)(969,000)
Repurchase of common stock, including fees(4,832,000)--
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities(44,655,000)(36,439,000)14,308,000
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents(898,000)124,000217,000
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents(4,545,000)2,378,000(11,420,000)
Cash and cash equivalents — Beginning of year13,974,00011,596,00023,016,000
Cash and cash equivalents — End of year$9,429,000$$13,974,000$$11,596,000$
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest, net$ \quad 48,724,000$$53,797,000$$37,772,000$
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds5,858,0009,558,00014,198,000
Cash paid for operating leases13,356,00013,358,00012,055,000
Cash paid for finance leases1,896,0002,081,0002,659,000
Plant and equipment acquired under finance lease1,412,000745,0001,246,000
Assets acquired under operating leases3,972,000$1,603,000$7,832,000
Non-cash capital expenditures80,00016,0006,000
Debt issuance costs included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities --476,000
+ +The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part hereof. + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00017.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00017.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3826b38d7d15cc339801b3db4dc3de0aa1066b8a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00017.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +advances by our competitors or us, and any announcements by us of acquisitions, major transactions, or management changes may adversely affect our stock price. + +## Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate materially, which could harm our common stock price. + +Our operating results have fluctuated in the past and will continue to do so, sometimes materially. All of the matters discussed in this Risk Factors section could impact our operating results in any fiscal quarter or year. In addition to those matters, we face the following issues, which could impact our quarterly results: + +• Seasonality, such as our historical seasonal decline in revenues in the first quarter of our fiscal year and seasonal increase in revenues in the fourth quarter of our fiscal year; + +• Linearity, such as our historical intra-quarter customer orders and revenue pattern in which a disproportionate percentage of each quarter’s total orders and related revenue occur in the last month of the quarter; and + +• Unpredictability associated with larger scale enterprise software license agreements which generally take longer to negotiate and occur less consistently than other types of contracts, and for which revenue attributable to the software license component is typically recognized in full upon delivery. + +If our operating results fall below our forecasts and the expectations of public market analysts and investors, the trading price of our common stock may decline. + +## There are risks associated with our outstanding and future indebtedness. + +As of April 25, 2025, we had $3.3 billion aggregate principal amount of outstanding indebtedness for our senior notes that mature at specific dates in calendar years 2025, 2027, 2030, 2032 and 2035. We may incur additional indebtedness in the future under existing credit facilities and/or enter into new financing arrangements. We may fail to pay these or additional future obligations, as and when required. Specifically, if we are unable to generate sufficient cash flows from operations or to borrow sufficient funds in the future to service or refinance our debt, our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows will be harmed. Any downgrades from credit rating agencies such as Moody’s Investors Service or Standard & Poor’s Rating Services may adversely impact our ability to obtain additional financing or the terms of such financing and reduce the market capacity for our commercial paper. Furthermore, if prevailing interest rates or other factors result in higher interest rates upon any potential future financing, then interest expense related to the refinance indebtedness would increase. + +In addition, all our debt and credit facility arrangements subject us to continued compliance with restrictive and financial covenants. If we do not comply with these covenants or otherwise default under the arrangements, we may be required to repay any outstanding amounts borrowed under these agreements. Moreover, compliance with these covenants may restrict our strategic or operational flexibility in the future, which could harm our business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows. + +## General Risks + +Our business could be materially and adversely affected as a result of natural disasters, terrorist acts or other catastrophic events. + +We depend on the ability of our personnel, inventories, equipment and products to move reasonably unimpeded around the world. Any political, military, terrorism, global trade, world health or other issue that hinders this movement or restricts the import or export of materials could lead to significant business disruptions. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic impeded the mobility of our personnel, inventories, equipment and products and disrupted our business operations. Furthermore, any economic failure or other material disruption caused by natural disasters, including fires, floods, droughts, hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, and volcanoes; power or water loss or shortages; environmental disasters; telecommunications or business information systems failures or break-ins and similar events could also adversely affect our ability to conduct business. As a result of climate change, we expect the frequency and impact of such natural disasters or other material disruptions to increase. If such disruptions result in cancellations of customer orders or contribute to a general decrease in economic activity or corporate spending on IT, or directly impact our marketing, manufacturing, financial and logistics functions, or impair our ability to meet our customer demands, our operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. Our headquarters is located in Northern California, an area susceptible to earthquakes and wildfires. If any significant disaster were to occur there, our ability to operate our business and our operating results, financial condition and cash flows could be adversely impacted. + +## We could be subject to additional income tax liabilities. + +Our effective tax rate is influenced by a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. These factors include among other things, fluctuations in our earnings and financial results in the various countries and states in which we do business, changes to + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00018.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00018.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b5b7355bb035142b44c4509b996b09c70418f088 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00018.md @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +## Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts + +## Accounts Receivable — Allowance for credit losses + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Years Ended
March 31,
DescriptionBalance at
beginning of
year
(recovery of)
bad debts
expense
Amounts
written off
Balanceat
end of
year
2025Allowance for credit losses$ 189,000$ 42,000$ 24,000$ 207,000
2024Allowance for credit losses$ 339,000$ (133,000)$ 17,000$ 189,000
2023Allowance for credit losses$ 375,000$ 108,000$ 144,000$ 339,000
+ +## Accounts Receivable — Allowance for customer-payment discrepancies + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Years Ended
March 31,
DescriptionBalance at
beginning of
year
Charge to
discrepancies expense
Amounts
Processed
Balance at
end of
year
2025Allowance for customer-payment discrepancies$ 1,206,000$ 1,507,000$ 948,000$ 1,765,000
2024Allowance for customer-payment discrepancies$ 1,634,000$ 1,452,000$ 1,880,000$ 1,206,000
2023Allowance for customer-payment discrepancies$ 1,375,000$ 2,112,000$ 1,853,000$ 1,634,000
+ +## Inventory — Allowance for excess and obsolete inventory + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Years Ended
March 31,
DescriptionBalance at
beginning of
year
Provision for
excess and
obsolete
inventory
Amounts
written off
Balance at
end of
year
2025Allowance for excess and obsolete inventory$ 17,372,000$ 15,009,000$ 13,417,000$ 18,964,000
2024Allowance for excess and obsolete inventory$ 16,436,000$ 16,233,000$ 15,297,000$ 17,372,000
2023Allowance for excess and obsolete inventory$ 13,520,000$ 18,851,000$ 15,935,000$ 16,436,000
+ +## Deferred Tax Assets — Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Years Ended
March 31,
DescriptionBalance at
beginning of
year
Charge to
income tax
expense
Charged to
Other
Accounts
Balance at
end of
year
2025Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets$ 45,399,000$ 6,834,000$ -$ 52,233,000
2024Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets$ 7,619,000$ 37,780,000$ -$ 45,399,000
2023Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets$ 6,816,000$ 803,000$ -$ 7,619,000
+ diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00019.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00019.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b2a6f5b21c800704ab01e513df7f06e7f0061e24 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00019.md @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ +The following customers accounted for 10% or more of accounts receivable: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
April 25, 2025April 26, 2024
Arrow Electronics, Inc.10%10%
TD Synnex Corporation27%26%
+ +## 16. Employee Benefits and Deferred Compensation + +## Employee 401(k) Plan + +Our 401(k) Plan is a deferred salary arrangement under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Under the 401(k) Plan, participating U.S. employees may defer a portion of their pre-tax earnings, up to the IRS annual contribution limit. We match 100% of the first 2% of eligible earnings an employee contributes to the 401(k) Plan, and then match 50% of the next 4% of eligible earnings an employee contributes. An employee receives the full 4% match when he/she contributes at least 6% of his/her eligible earnings, up to a maximum calendar year matching contribution of $6,000. Our employer matching contributions to the 401(k) Plan were as follows (in millions): + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Year Ended
April 25, 2025April 26, 2024April 28, 2023
401(k) matching contributions$ 30$ 29$ 33
+ +## Deferred Compensation Plan + +We have a non-qualified deferred compensation plan that allows a group of employees within the U.S. to contribute base salary and commissions or incentive compensation on a tax deferred basis in excess of the IRS limits imposed on 401(k) plans. The marketable securities related to these investments are held in a Rabbi Trust. The related deferred compensation plan assets and liabilities under the non-qualified deferred compensation plan were as follows (in millions): + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
April 25, 2025April 26, 2024
Deferred compensation plan assets$ 41$ 38
Deferred compensation liabilities reported as:
Accrued expenses$ 7$ 6
Other long-termm liabilities$ 34$ 32
+ +## Defined Benefit Plans + +We maintain various defined benefit plans to provide termination and postretirement benefits to certain eligible employees outside of the U.S. We also provide disability benefits to certain eligible employees in the U.S. Eligibility is determined based on the terms of our plans and local statutory requirements. + +The funded status of our defined benefit plans, which is recognized in other long-term liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets, was as follows (in millions): + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
April 25, 2025April 26, 2024
Fair value of plan assets$ 66$ 55
Benefit obligations(106)(91)
Unfunded obligations$ (40)$ (36)
+ +## 17. Commitments and Contingencies + +## Purchase Orders and Other Commitments diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00020.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00020.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f4021852ced080e93b4130eecbcebe2cdb2b0d78 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00020.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +## Segment Revenues and Gross Profit + +Financial information by segment is as follows (in millions, except percentages): + + +
Year Ended April 25, 2025
Hybrid CloudPublic CloudTotal
Product revenues$ 3,040$ -$ 3,040
Support revenues2,512-2,512
Professional and other services revenues355-355
Public cloud revenues-665665
Net revenues5,9076656,572
Cost of product revenues1,278-1,278
Cost ofsupport revenues197-197
Cost of professional and other services revenues261-261
Costofpublic cloud revenues-165165
Segmentcostofrevenues1,7361651,901
Segment gross profit$ 4,171$ 500$ 4,671
Segment gross margin70.6%75.2%71.1%
Unallocated costofrevenues$^1$58
Total gross profit$ 4,613
Total gross margin70.2%
+ +$^{1}$ Unallocated cost of revenues are composed of $30 million of stock-based compensation expense and $28 million of amortization of intangible assets. + + +
Year Ended April 26, 2024
Hybrid CloudPublic CloudTotal
Product revenues$ 2,849$-$ 2,849
Support revenues2,488-2,488
Professional and other services revenues320-320
Public cloud revenues-611611
Net revenues5,6576116,268
Costofproduct revenues1,131-1,131
Cost of support revenues195-195
Cost of professional and other services revenues243-243
Cost of public cloud revenues-203203
Segmentcostofrevenues1,5692031,772
Segment gross profit$ 4,088$ 408$ 4,496
Segment gross margin72.3%66.8%71.7%
Unallocatedcostof revenues$^1$63
Total gross profit$ 4,433
Total gross mmargin70.7%
+ +$^1$ Unallocated cost of revenues are composed of $29 million of stock-based compensation expense and $34 million of amortization of intangible assets. diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00021.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00021.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a9d18aff2acb1d4e04e8cd9bfd9a5ad948142d55 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00021.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
NumberDescription of ExhibitMethod of Filing
10.17Amendment No. 4 to Employment Agreement, dated as of May 21, 2020,between Motorcar Parts of America, Inc., and Selwyn JoffeIncorporated by reference to exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report filed on August 10, 2020.
10.18Third Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement,
dated as of May 28, 2021, among Motorcar Parts of America, Inc.,
D&V Electronics Ltd., Dixie Electric Ltd., Dixie Electric Inc.,each
lender from time to time party thereto, and PNC Bank, National
Association, as administrative agent
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 2, 2021.
10.19Amendment No. 5 to Employment Agreement, dated as of June 18, 2021,between Motorcar Parts of America, Inc., and Selwyn JoffeIncorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 9, 2021.
10.20Fourth Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement,
dated as of November 3, 2022, among Motorcar Parts of America,
Inc., D&V Electronics Ltd., Dixie Electric Ltd., Dixie Electric Inc.,
each lender from time to time party thereto, and PNC Bank,
National Association, as administrative agent
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 9, 2022.
10.21Fifth Amendment to Ammended and Restated Loan Agreement,
dated as of February 3, 2023, among Motorcar Parts of America,
Inc., D&V Electronics Ltd., Dixie Electric Ltd., Dixie Electric Inc.,
each lender from time to time party thereto, and PNC Bank,
National Association, as administrative agent
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on February 9,2023.
10.22Note Purchase AgreementIncorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 31,2023.
10.23Registration Rights AgreementIncorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 31,2023.
10.24Sixth Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement,
dated as of May 28, 2021, among Motorcar PParts of America, Inc., D & V Electronics Ltd., Dixie Electric Ltd., and Dixie Electric Inc., each lender from time to time party/ thereto, and PNC Bank, National
Association, as administrative agent
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 31, 2023.
10.25Amendment No. 6 to Employment Agreement, dated March 29,
2023, between Motorcar Parts of America, Inc. and Selwyn Joffe.
Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 31,2023.
diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00022.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00022.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..91dfe74d9ae813b76d701c594ec5141ac6d75d1a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00022.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +by which such contingencies exceeded the associated liabilities was not significant. To date, we have not experienced significant losses under our lease financing programs or other financing arrangements. + +We have entered into service contracts with certain of our end-user customers that are supported by third-party financing arrangements. If a service contract is terminated as a result of our non-performance under the contract or our failure to comply with the terms of the financing arrangement, we could, under certain circumstances, be required to acquire certain assets related to the service contract or to pay the aggregate unpaid payments under such arrangements. As of April 25, 2025, we have not been required to make any payments under these arrangements, and we believe the likelihood of having to acquire a material amount of assets or make payments under these arrangements is remote. The portion of the financial arrangement that represents unearned services revenue is included in deferred revenue and financed unearned services revenue in our consolidated balance sheets. + +## Legal Contingencies + +We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims which arise in the normal course of business. See further details on such matters in Note 17 – Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8. + +## Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates + +Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (GAAP), which require management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, net revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Our estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. We believe that the accounting estimates employed and the resulting balances are reasonable; however, actual results may differ from these estimates and such differences may be material. + +The summary of significant accounting policies is included in Note 1 – Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8. An accounting policy is deemed to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, if different estimates reasonably could have been used, or if changes in the estimate that are reasonably possible could materially impact the financial statements. The accounting policies described below reflect the significant judgments, estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. + +## Revenue Recognition + +Our contracts with customers often include the transfer of multiple products and services to the customer. In determining the amount and timing of revenue recognition, we assess which products and services are distinct performance obligations and allocate the transaction price, which may include fixed and/or variable amounts, among each performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price (SSP) basis. The following are the key estimates and assumptions and corresponding uncertainties included in this approach: + +## Key Estimates and Assumptions + +• We evaluate whether products and services promised in our contracts with customers are distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together. + +• In determining the transaction price of our contracts, we estimate variable consideration based on the expected value, primarily relying on our history. In certain situations, we may also use the most likely amount as the basis of our estimate. + +## Key Uncertainties + +• In certain contracts, the determination of our distinct performance obligations requires significant judgment. As our business and offerings to customers change over time, the products and services we determine to be distinct performance obligations may change. Such changes may adversely impact the amount of revenue and gross margin we report in a particular period. + +• We may have insufficient relevant historical data or other information to arrive at an accurate estimate of variable consideration using either the “expected value” or “most likely amount” method. Additionally, changes in business practices, such as those related to sales returns or marketing programs, may introduce new forms of variable consideration, as well as more complexity and uncertainty in the estimation process. + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00023.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00023.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d2c7c642387a94cb8e170dd21b66cf517cb02b0c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00023.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +## SIGNATURES + +Pursuant to the requirements of Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. + +MOTORCAR PARTS OF AMERICA, INC + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Dated: June 9, 2025By: /s/ David Lee
David Lee Chief Financial Officer
Dated: June 9, 2025By: /s/ Kamlesh Shah
Kamlesh Shah Chief Accounting Officer
+ +Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report on Form 10-K has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated: + + +
/s/ Selwyn Joffe
Selwyn Joffe
Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)June 9, 2025
/s/ David Lee
David Lee
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)June 9, 2025
/s/ Kamlesh Shah
Kamlesh Shah
Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)June 9, 2025
/s/ David Bryan
David Bryan
DirectorJune 9, 2025
/s/ Joseph Ferguson
Joseph Ferguson
DirectorJune 9, 2025
/s/ Philip Gay
Philip Gay
DirectorJune 9, 2025
/s/ F. Jack Liebau, Jr.
F. Jack Liebau, Jr.
DirectorJune 9, 2025
/s/ Jeffrey Mirvis
Jeffrey Mirvis
DirectorJune 9, 2025
/s/ Anil Shrivastava
Anil Shrivastava
DirectorJune 9, 2025
/s/ Douglas Trussler
Douglas Trussler
DirectorJune 9, 2025
/s/ Patricia Warfield
Patricia Warfield
DirectorJune 9, 2025
/s/ Barbara Whittaker
Barbara Whittaker
DirectorJune 9, 2025
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00024.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00024.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..37ede92f7c788821b2dc769d6145c3059ec00155 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00024.md @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ + +Finished goods liabilities represents the agreed upon price of finished goods purchased from customers, generally in connection with new business. The payment for these finished goods are made over a contractual repayment period pursuant to the Company’s agreement with the customer. Payments to be made within the Company’s normal operating cycle, which is generally one year, are considered short-term contract liabilities and the remainder are recorded as long-term contract liabilities. + +Customer deposits represent the receipt of prepayments from customers for the obligation to transfer goods or services in the future. The Company classifies these customer deposits as short-term contract liabilities as the Company expects to satisfy these obligations within its normal operating cycle, which is generally one year. + +## Advertising Costs + +The Company expenses all advertising costs as incurred. Advertising expenses for the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 were $435,000, $614,000, and $606,000, respectively. + +## Net Loss Per Share + +Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share includes the effect, if any, from the potential exercise or conversion of securities, such as stock options, warrants, and Convertible Notes (as defined in Note 8), which would result in the issuance of incremental shares of common stock to the extent such impact is not anti-dilutive. + +The following presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted net loss per share. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Years Ended March 31,
202520242023
Net loss$ (19,470,000)$ (49,244,000)$ (4,207,000)
Basic shares19,685,32219,601,20419,340,246
Effect of dilutive shares---
Diluted shares19,685,32219,601,20419,340,246
Net loss per share:
Basic net loss per share$ (0.99)$ (2.51)$ (0.22)
Diluted net loss per share$ (0.99)$ (2.51)$ (0.22)
+ +Potential common shares that would have the effect of increasing diluted net income per share or decreasing diluted net loss per share are considered to be anti-dilutive and as such, these shares are not included in calculating diluted net loss per share. For the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, there were 2,323,321, 2,122,863, and 1,854,795, respectively, of potential common shares not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect was anti-dilutive. + +In addition, for the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, there were 2,493,963, 1,693,778, and 5,846, respectively, of potential common shares not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share under the “if-converted” method for the Convertible Notes because their effect was anti-dilutive. The potential common shares related to the Warrants (as defined below) issued in connection with the Convertible Notes (see Note 8) are anti-dilutive until they become exercisable and as of March 31, 2025, the Warrants were not exercisable. diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00025.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00025.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7711372351df14038dcc6a4f40595ae86ce2f5a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00025.md @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +Unallocated cost of product revenues were consistent for each fiscal year presented. + +## Cost of Services Revenues (in millions, except percentages): + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
FiscalYear
20252024% Change2023% Change
Cost of services revenues$ 675$ 698(3)%$ 63610%
Support1971951%1818%
Professional and other services2612437%21115%
Public cloud165203(19)%18410%
Unallocated5257(9)%60(5)%
+ +## Hybrid Cloud + +Cost of Hybrid Cloud services revenues, which are composed of the costs of support and professional and other services, increased in fiscal 2025 and fiscal 2024 compared to the respective prior years reflecting the increase in Hybrid Cloud services revenues. Cost of Hybrid Cloud services revenues represented 16%, 16% and 14% of Hybrid Cloud services revenues in fiscal 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. + +Hybrid Cloud support gross margins were similar in fiscal 2025, fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023. Hybrid Cloud professional and other services gross margins increased by approximately two percentage points in fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024 while they decreased by approximately ten percentage points in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 primarily due to the mix of services provided. + +## Public Cloud + +Cost of Public Cloud revenues decreased in fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024, while Public Cloud gross margins increased by eight percentage points in fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024. The decrease in cost of Public Cloud revenues and improved gross margins was due to cost optimization that included a decrease in fixed assets depreciation and the mix of offerings provided. + +Cost of Public Cloud revenues increased in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023, reflecting the increase in Public Cloud revenues. Public Cloud gross margins decreased by one percentage point in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 primarily due to the mix of offerings provided. + +## Unallocated + +Unallocated cost of services revenues decreased in fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024 due to the derecognition of certain intangible assets as a result of the sale of our cloud optimization and management software business known as Spot by NetApp during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025. Unallocated cost of services revenues decreased in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 due to certain intangible assets becoming fully amortized during the first quarter of fiscal 2024. + +## Operating Expenses + +Sales and Marketing, Research and Development and General and Administrative Expenses + +Sales and marketing, research and development, and general and administrative expenses for fiscal 2025 totaled $3,188 million, or 49% of net revenues, representing a decrease of one percentage point compared to fiscal 2024. + +Sales and marketing, research and development, and general and administrative expenses for fiscal 2024 totaled $3,165 million, or 50% of net revenues, representing an increase of two percentage points compared to fiscal 2023. + +Compensation costs represent the largest component of operating expenses. Included in compensation costs are salaries, benefits, other compensation-related costs, stock-based compensation expense and employee incentive compensation plan costs. + +Total compensation costs included in sales and marketing, research and development and general and administrative expenses in fiscal 2025 were relatively flat compared to fiscal 2024. + +Total compensation costs included in sales and marketing, research and development and general and administrative expenses increased by $115 million, or 6%, during fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023, primarily due to higher incentive compensation expense + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00026.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00026.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..412db8770f98e97254ebd3d5c680423aa4ea009a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00026.md @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +## NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) + +The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity during the year ended December 31, 2024: + + +
Options Outstanding
Number of
Options
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Per Share
Weighted Average
Remaining Contract
Term
(in years)
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
(in thousands
Total outstanding as of December 31, 2023:21,762,226$ 7.985.78$167,491
Granted1,981,94619.01
Exercised(239,041)6.422,808
Cancelled/forfeited(720,730)13.883,030
Expired(1,014,200)2.4416,316
Total outstanding as of December 31, 202421,770,201$ 9.065.40$226,117
Total exercisable as of December 31, 202415,809,404$ 6.554.37$203,971
Total vested or expected to vest as of December 31,202421,338,341$ 8.885.31$225,511
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Unvested/Vested Activity
OptionsWeighted Average Exercise PriceWeighted Average
Grant Date Fair
Value
Average Remainin Life
(in years)
Unvested outstanding, as of December 31, 20237,553,377$13.75$ 7.483.54
Granted1,981,94619.0112.37
Cancelled/forfeited(574,050)14.718.59
Vested, outstanding shares(2,302,952)12.145.90
Unvested outstanding, as of December 31,20246,658,32115.799.393.30
Early exercised unvested, end of period662,000$16.20$10.37
+ +Aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the estimated fair value of the underlying common stock and the exercise price of outstanding, in-the-money options. + +The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $12.37 and $9.52 per option, respectively. The total grant date fair value of options vested during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $13.5 million and $10.4 million, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $2.8 million and $6.8 million, respectively. + +Cash received for exercises of stock options during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $1.5 million and $1.9 million, respectively. + +As of December 31, 2024, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options was $49.0 million. This amount is expected to be recognized as stock-based compensation expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss over a weighted average period of 3.3 years. + +## Modification to stock options + +On November 9, 2021 and February 23, 2022, the Company granted stock options to certain executives that are exercisable upon vesting for 331,250 shares and 2,000,000 shares of the Company's common stock, respectively (the "Prior Stock Options"). The Prior Stock Options vested over five years. On August 11, 2022, the Company's Compensation Committee approved a modification to the Prior Stock Options, which was communicated to holders of the Prior Stock Options on September 1, 2022. diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00027.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00027.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99db3aede35f41870416b6ef7ff29b3971e96c5b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00027.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +ability to expand access to our solutions beyond our existing sales channels, and thus our overall commercial success, will be limited. + +· Our billing, collections, and claims processing activities are complex and time-consuming, and any delay in transmitting and collecting claims or failure to comply with applicable billing requirements could have an adverse effect on our future revenue. + +· We rely on a limited number of third-party suppliers or, in many cases, sole suppliers, for some of our next-generation sequencers, lab materials, reagents, and supplies, and we may not be able to find replacements or immediately transition to alternative suppliers if necessary. + +· If we or our partners fail to comply with healthcare and other applicable laws and regulations, we could face substantial penalties and sanctions and our business, reputation, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected. + +· If we are unable to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our technology, or if the scope of the intellectual property protection we obtain is not sufficiently broad, our competitors could develop and commercialize technology and products similar or identical to our solutions, and our ability to successfully commercialize our solutions may be impaired. + +· We have incurred substantial indebtedness, and we may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations to meet our debt service requirements, continue our operations, and pursue our growth strategy, and we may be unable to raise capital when needed or on acceptable terms. + +· After this offering, our executive officers, directors, and principal shareholders, including, in particular, David D. Halbert, our Founder, Chairman, and Chief Executive Officer, will continue to have the ability to control or significantly influence matters submitted to shareholders for approval, which could limit the ability of our other shareholders to affect the outcome of key corporate decisions and transactions, including a change of control. + +Before you invest in our common stock, you should carefully consider all the information in this prospectus, including matters set forth in the section titled “Risk Factors.” + +## Corporate Information + +We were founded in 2008 when we entered the field of precision oncology through our acquisition of Molecular Profiling Institute, a Delaware-incorporated molecular life sciences company. We were incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands in October 2011 as Caris Life Sciences, Ltd. and in July 2020, we changed our name to Caris Life Sciences, Inc. and re-domiciled to be incorporated in Texas. + +Our principal executive offices are located at 750 West John Carpenter Freeway, Suite 800, Irving, Texas 75039, and our telephone number is (866) 771-8946. Our website address is www.carislifesciences.com. The information on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not incorporated into this prospectus. You should not consider information contained on our website to be part of this prospectus in deciding whether to purchase shares of our common stock. + +## Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company + +We qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended (the “JOBS Act”). We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest to occur of: (i) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have at least $1.235 billion in total annual gross revenue; (ii) the last day of the fiscal year in which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which would occur if the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeded $700 million as of the last business day of the second fiscal quarter of such year; (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period; and (iv) the last day of the fiscal year ending after the fifth anniversary of the date of the completion of this offering. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting requirements and is relieved of certain other significant requirements that are otherwise generally applicable to public companies. As an emerging growth company: + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00028.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00028.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bbb949a26daf648215fc33b728ae345e38c2be42 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00028.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +different qualifications, licenses, or certifications. As our development plans and strategies develop, and as we transition into operating as a public company, we must add a significant number of additional managerial, operational, financial, and other personnel. Future growth will impose significant added responsibilities on members of management, including: + +• identifying, recruiting, integrating, retaining, and motivating employees; + +• managing our internal development and commercialization efforts effectively, including creating and maintaining compliant programs and processes, such as a laboratory and manufacturing quality system, and managing the regulatory requirements for our solutions, while adhering with our contractual obligations to contractors and other third parties; + +• expanding our operational, human resources, financial and management controls, reporting systems, and procedures; and + +• managing the increasing complexity associated with a larger organization and expanded operations. + +Our growth may place a significant strain on our management, operating and financial systems, R&D, and our sales, marketing, and administrative resources. As a result of our growth, our operating costs may escalate even faster than planned, and some of our internal systems may need to be enhanced or replaced. If we cannot effectively manage our expanding operations and our costs, we may not be able to successfully commercialize future solutions and grow successfully, and our business could be adversely affected. + +## Our results of operations may fluctuate significantly, which makes our future results of operations difficult to predict and could cause our results of operations to fall below expectations or any guidance we may provide. + +Our quarterly and annual results of operations may fluctuate significantly, which makes it difficult for us to predict our future results of operations. These fluctuations may occur due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control, including, but not limited to: + +• the level of demand for our solutions, which may vary significantly; + +• the timing and cost of, and level of investment in, research, development, regulatory approval, or certification and commercialization activities relating to our solutions, which may change from time to time; + +• the volume and customer mix of our solutions; + +• the introduction of new solutions or solution enhancements by us or others in our industry; + +• coverage and reimbursement policies with respect to our solutions and products that compete with our solutions; + +• expenditures that we may incur to acquire, develop, or commercialize additional solutions and technologies; + +• changes in governmental regulations or in the status of our regulatory approvals or certifications or applications; + +• future accounting pronouncements or changes in our accounting policies; + +• developments or disruptions in the business and operations of physicians and our biopharma partners; + +• the impact of natural disasters, political instability, including wars, terrorism, and political unrest, epidemics or pandemics, boycotts, and curtailment of trade and other business restrictions; and + +• the effects of high inflation or other general market and economic conditions and other factors, including factors unrelated to our operating performance or the operating performance of our competitors. diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00029.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00029.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dbb7da5aa172321d422b1f561834fa914ccda31e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00029.md @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +
Three Months Ended March 31,Years Ended December 31,
2025202420242023
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share attributable to common shareholders, basic and diluted(1)35,623,04235,313,03735,496,83234,942,691
Pro forma net loss per share attributable to common shareholders, basic and diluted (unaudited)(1)(2)$ (0.37)$ (3.20)
Weighted-average shares used to compute pro forma net loss per share attributable to common shareholders, basic and diluted (unaudited)(1)(2)273,965,936273,839,726
+ +(1) See Note 12 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for an explanation of the method used to calculate our historical basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common shareholders and the weighted-average number of shares of common stock used in the computation of these per share amounts. + +(2) Gives effect to (i) the Warrant Net Exercises, (ii) the Series E and F Issuance, (iii) the Preferred Stock Conversion, (iv) the issuance of the 2025 Convertible Notes and the related Notes Conversion, (v) the RSU Net Settlement, and (vi) the reduction of the compound derivative liability bifurcated from the 2023 Term Loan. The following table sets forth the computation of our unaudited pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share, which does not include shares being offered in this offering: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Three Months Ended March 31,2025Year Ended
December 31,2024
(in thousands, except share
and per share data)
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common shareholders$ (127,043)$ (378,257)
Pro forma adjustment related to deemed dividend from Series C and D
redeemable convertible preferred stockfrom the triggering of down
rounding(a)
-(573,734)
Pro forma adjustment to record stock-based compensation expense
related to RSUs for which the performance-based vesting conditions will be satisfied in connection with this offering
-(19,689)
Other miscellaneous pro forma adjustments(b)-(1,295)
Pro forma adjustment to record the reduction of fair value of
derivative liability associated with the 2023 Term Loan(c)
-17,451
Pro forma adjustment to reverse the adjustments of Series C and D
redeemable convertible preferred stock to redemption value
24,46296,367
Pro forma adjustment related to the reversal of the change in fair value of derivative liabilities-(11,393)
Pro forma adjustment related to the reversal of the change in fair value ofwarrant liabilities-(7,091)
Pro forma net loss$ (102,581)$ (877,640)
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share
attributable to common shareholders, basic and diluted
35,623,04235,496,832
Pro forma adjustment to reflect the Preferred Stock Conversion229,694,421229,694,421
Pro forma adjustment to reflect the Series C Warrant Net Exercise4,407,6894,407,689
Pro forma adjustment to reflect the 2025 Warrant Net Exercise968,316968,316
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00030.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00030.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7e32759f1bc5d8e63cff7ae30f7d0a1e084e007c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00030.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +Technical Specifications and Validation + +## MI Cancer Seek + +The current WES/WTS NGS component of MI Profile is MI Cancer Seek, for which we have received FDA approval for use as a companion diagnostic device to identify cancer patients who may benefit from treatment with targeted therapies. The assay includes one pan-cancer and five tumor-specific indications for numerous FDA-approved therapies. To our knowledge, MI Cancer Seek is the first and only simultaneous WES and WTS-based assay with FDA-approved companion diagnostic indications for molecular profiling of solid tumors. MI Cancer Seek is available for adults and pediatric patients between the ages of one and 22. + +MI Cancer Seek is a NGS-based in vitro diagnostic device using total nucleic acid isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tumor tissue specimens for the detection of SNVs, InDels, MSI, TMB in patients with previously diagnosed solid tumors, and CNA in one gene in patients with breast cancer. MI Cancer Seek is intended as a companion diagnostic to identify patients who may benefit from treatment with the targeted therapies listed in the Companion Diagnostic Indications table below, in accordance with the approved therapeutic product labeling. + + + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00031.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00031.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1fb692643576771749558cb4beb7a659e231dd5f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00031.md @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +## EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION + +This section sets forth the compensation of our named executive officers (“NEOs”) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. Our NEOs are our Chief Executive Officer and our two other most highly compensated executive officers (as determined in accordance with SEC rules) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024: + +• David D. Halbert, Founder, Chairman, and Chief Executive Officer + +• Brian J. Brille, Vice Chairman and Executive Vice President + +• David Spetzler, President + +As an emerging growth company, we have elected to take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in this prospectus and, while an emerging growth company, our future periodic reports and proxy statements, as well as exemptions from the requirements of holding nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation. + +## Summary Compensation Table + +The following table shows the total compensation paid to or earned by each of our NEOs for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Name and Principal PositionYearSalary
($)
Bonus
($)(1)
Stock
Awards ($)
Option Awards ($)All Other
Compensation ($)(3)
Total
($)
David DD. Halbert
Chief Executive Officer
2024750,0001,500,000---2,250,000
Brian J. Brille
Vice Chairman and Executive Vice President
2024600,000600,000---1,200,000
David Spetzler
President
2024600,000600,000__(2)-13,8001,213,800
+ +(1) The amounts shown in this column are the annual bonus amounts payable in respect of fiscal year 2024 to each of our NEOs. See “—Narrative to Summary Compensation Table—Annual Bonus” for a description of the terms of these bonuses. + +(2) Reflects the aggregate grant date fair value of RSUs granted under the 2020 Plan in 2024, as calculated in accordance with FASB ASC 718 (without any reduction for risk of forfeiture) as determined based on applying the assumptions used in Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements for 2024 included elsewhere in this prospectus. These RSUs will fully vest only upon the occurrence of a specific performance milestone (either an initial public offering or a change in control of the Company). Assuming the maximum performance levels are achieved, the value for the RSUs granted in 2024 would be $2,123,820. This amount may not reflect the actual value realized upon vesting or settlement, if any. + +(3) The amounts in this column represent matching contributions to the Company’s 401(k) plan. + +## Narrative Disclosure to Summary Compensation Table + +## Base Salary + +Our NEOs each receive a base salary to compensate them for services rendered to our Company. The base salary payable to each NEO is intended to provide a fixed component of compensation reflecting the executive’s skill set, experience, role, and responsibilities. For 2024, the NEOs’ annual base salaries were as follows: Mr. Halbert—$750,000, Mr. Brille—$600,000, and Dr. Spetzler—$600,000. + +## Annual Bonus + +We maintain an annual cash bonus program in which each of our NEOs participated for 2024. Each NEO’s target bonus is expressed as a percentage of his annual base salary. Bonuses for our NEOs are diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00032.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00032.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..33a432bd9a9679fe4e19439ba305a5880345cb35 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00032.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +## NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) + +· Level 2—Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and + +· Level 3—Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions. + +Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are based on one or more of three valuation techniques. The three valuation techniques are as follows: + +· Market approach—Prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities; + +· Cost approach—Amount that would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (i.e., replacement cost); and + +· Income approach—Techniques to convert future amounts to a single present amount based on market expectations (including present value techniques, option-pricing models, and lattice models). + +Financial instruments consist of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term marketable securities, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, debt, warrants, and derivative instruments. + +As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the carrying amounts of the Company’s cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximate their fair value based on the short-term nature of these items. There were no transfers between Levels 1, 2 or 3 for the periods ended March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. + +The Company’s financial assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements on a recurring basis and the level of inputs used in such measurements were as follows: + +
As of March 31,2025
Fair ValueLevel 1Level 2Level 3
(amounts in thousands)
Financial assets
Short-term marketable securities$ 2,225$2,225$-$         -
Financial liabilities
Warrant liability$128,691$ -$-$128,691
Derivative liability$ 1,342$ - $-$ 1,342
+ +
As of December 31,2024
Fair ValueLevel 1Level 2Level 3
(amounts in thousands)
Financialassets
Short-term marketable securities$ 2,201$2,201$-$-
Financial liabilities
Warrant liability$91,642$ -$-$91,642
Derivative liability$ 6,058$ -$-$ 6,058
+ +## Warrant liability + +The Company utilized a probability-weighted scenario approach factoring in various exit strategies and the related timing of such to estimate the fair value of its warrant liability. For each scenario, the Company utilized a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00033.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00033.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4a759becad1542479c2e45dca0e841ebf63d588d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00033.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +## DILUTION + +If you invest in our common stock in this offering, your ownership interest will be immediately diluted to the extent of the difference between the initial public offering price per share and the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately after this offering. + +Historical net tangible book value (deficit) per share represents our total tangible assets less our liabilities and preferred stock that is not included in equity divided by the total number of shares of common stock outstanding. As of March 31, 2025, our historical net tangible book value (deficit) was approximately $(2,625.03) million, or $(74.50) per share. Our pro forma net tangible book value (deficit) as of March 31, 2025, was approximately $(100.05) million, or $(0.37) per share, after giving effect to (i) the Warrant Net Exercises, (ii) the Series E and F Issuance, (iii) the Preferred Stock Conversion, (iv) the issuance of the 2025 Convertible Notes and the related Notes Conversion, (v) the RSU Net Settlement, and (vi) the reduction of the compound derivative liability bifurcated from the 2023 Term Loan. + +After giving further effect to receipt of the net proceeds of our sale of 23,529,412 shares of common stock at an assumed initial public offering price of $17.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses, net of $1.4 million of offering expenses paid as of March 31, 2025, our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value as of March 31, 2025 would have been approximately $270.40 million, or$0.91 per share. This represents an immediate increase in pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value of $74.13 per share to our existing shareholders and an immediate dilution of$16.09 per share to investors purchasing common stock in this offering. + +The following table illustrates this dilution to new investors on a per share basis: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Assumed initial public offering price per share$17.00
Historical net tangible book value (deficit) per share as of March 31, 2025$(74.50)
Increase per share attributable to the pro forma adjustments described above74.13
Pro forma net tangible book value (deficit) per share as of March 31, 2025(0.37)
Increase in pro forma net tangible book value per share attributable to new investors in this offering1.28
Pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share immediately after this offering0.91
Dilution per share to new investors purchasing shares in this offering$16.09
+ +Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $17.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value, by $0.07 per share and the dilution per share to new investors by $0.93 per share, assuming the number of shares of common stock offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. + +We may also increase or decrease the number of shares of common stock we are offering. An increase (decrease) of 1,000,000 shares in the number of shares of common stock we are offering would increase (decrease) our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value by approximately $15.8 million, or $0.05 per share, and the pro forma dilution per share to investors in this offering by $0.05 per share, assuming that the assumed initial public offering price remains the same, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. + +If the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares of common stock in this offering is exercised in full, the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value would be $1.08 per share, the increase in the pro forma net tangible book value per share for existing shareholders would be $0.17 per share, and the dilution to new investors participating in this offering would be $0.17 per share. + +The dilution information discussed above is illustrative only and will change based on the actual initial public offering price, number of shares of common stock offered and other terms of this offering determined at pricing. diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00034.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00034.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..639d7c04196fec49a3f4b60f1555bb304ba55c7d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00034.md @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ +The following table sets forth our results of operations as a percentage of revenue for the periods presented: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Three Months Ended
March 31,
20252024
Revenue:
Molecular profiling services94%91%
Pharma research and development services6%9%
Total revenue100%100%
Costs and operating expenses$^{(1)}$:
Cost of services-Molecular profiling services50%66%
Cost of Services -Pharma Research and Development Services2%2%
Selling and marketing expense33%49%
General and administrative expense43%55%
Researchand development expense19%43%
Total costs and operating expenses148%214%
Loss from operations(48)%(114)%
Otherincome (expense),net:
Interest income-%2%
Interest expense(11)%(12)%
Changes in fair value of financial instruments(27)%(14)%
Other expense,net$-\%$-%
Total other expense,net(37)%(23)%
Loss before income taxes and provision for income taxes(85)%(138)%
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes$-\%$$-\%$
Net loss$(85)\%$(138)%
+ +## Revenue + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Three Months Ended
March 31,
Change
20252024$%
(Dollars in thousands)
Molecular profiling services$114,081$73,233$40,84855.8%
Pharma research and development services6,8347,444(610)(8.2)%
Total revenue$120,915$80,677$40,23849.9%
+ +Total revenue was $120.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to$80.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, an increase of $40.2 million, or 49.9%.
+
+Molecular Profiling Services Revenue
+ +Molecular profiling services revenue increased to $114.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, from$73.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, an increase of $40.8 million, or 55.8%. + +This increase in revenue was primarily due to the increase in clinical cases associated with MI Profile and Caris Assure for therapy selection from 33,095 and 1,807 cases, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, to 40,048 and 5,810 cases, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2025, \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00035.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00035.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bb31e5930cf37c60f280196faf6d9279e4782bc9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00035.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +ultimate goal of contributing to improved patient results. This continuous feedback loop enabled us to develop Caris Assure, which utilized genomic data generated by MI Profile to inform our blood-based bioinformatics algorithms, allowing us to detect previously unknown features and signals in the blood that provide advanced insights into disease development. We believe we will be able to further leverage this process to continue meaningful innovation in precision oncology as well as other chronic disease states, including cardiology, neurology, and metabolic conditions. + +Our global annual clinical case volume has been growing rapidly, with year-over-year growth of 29% in 2022, 32% in 2023, 26% in 2024, and 31% in the first quarter of 2025, primarily driven by MI Profile. With our broad commercial launch of Caris Assure for therapy selection in the first quarter of 2024 and the FDA approval of MI Cancer Seek as a companion diagnostic in the fourth quarter of 2024 followed by the broad commercial launch of MI Cancer Seek in the first quarter of 2025 as the NGS component of MI Profile, we believe that increased profiling volumes will meaningfully contribute to our growth in 2025 and beyond. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we generated total revenue of $412.3 million and $306.1 million, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we generated total revenue of $120.9 million and $80.7 million, respectively. We have incurred net losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we incurred net losses of $257.1 million and $341.4 million, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we incurred net losses of $102.6 million and $111.0 million, respectively. Our Adjusted EBITDA was $(189.6) million and $(255.3) million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Our Adjusted EBITDA was $(36.2) million and $(70.1) million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. For additional information regarding Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Non-GAAP Financial Measures.” We expect to incur additional net losses in the near future, and our expenses will increase as we continue to invest in developing new solutions, expand our organization, and increase our marketing efforts to continue to drive market adoption of our solutions. These investments, together with general and administrative expenses, have resulted in negative cash flows from operations of $245.2 million, $276.1 million, $31.3 million, and $73.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 and the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Our free cash flow was $(253.6) million and $(298.4) million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and, $(34.0) million and $(75.7) million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. For additional information regarding free cash flow, a non-GAAP financial measure, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Non-GAAP Financial Measures.” Additionally, as of March 31, 2025, we had cash, cash equivalents, and short-term marketable securities of $33.4 million, and the aggregate principal amount of debt outstanding under our existing term loan was $400.0 million. For additional information regarding our liquidity and capital resources, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources.” + +## Industry Overview + +Addressing the complexity of cancer remains a major challenge in healthcare and a critical area of unmet medical need, despite enormous investments in research and development (“R&D”), and the introduction of new oncology therapeutics and treatments. The molecular revolution is upending the traditional paradigm of complex workflows of diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of diseases, which largely uses a symptomatic, reactive approach to medicine. Over the last several decades, significant advances in genomics, proteomics, molecular technology, and computing power have enabled a comprehensive, multi-omic approach to the molecular profiling of diseases, both efficiently and at scale. The information provided by comprehensive molecular profiling is driving a revolution in medicine, where molecular information is used to guide individualized patient diagnoses and treatment. + +Comprehensive molecular profiling entails evaluating thousands of potential biomarkers, including DNA, RNA, proteins, and other molecular and clinical information for characteristics unique to a particular patient’s disease. Given the complexity of a cancer’s origin and drivers, comprehensive molecular information incorporating DNA, RNA, and protein profiles can help provide the most robust picture of a patient’s disease and potential treatment pathways. WES/WTS streamlines the patient experience and clinical decision-making and offers increased value to patients, physicians, and payers. We believe WES/WTS diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00036.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00036.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9198a10c0b2958ae0e55d48c352052806aab79b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00036.md @@ -0,0 +1,124 @@ +## CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (UNAUDITED) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Three Months Ended March 31,
(amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)20252024
Revenue:
Molecular profiling services$ 114,081$ 73,233
Pharma research and development services6,8347,444
Total revenue120,91580,677
Costs and operating expenses:
Cost of Services-Molecular Profiling Services60,89452,894
Cost of Services-Pharma Research and Development Services2,9581,669
Selling and marketing expense39,82939,609
General and administrative expense (includes related party amounts of $515and $480, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024,
respectively)
52,11944,354
Research and development expense23,06634,376
Total costs and operating expenses178,867172,902
Loss from operations(57,952)(92,225)
Other income (expense), net:
Interest income5031,768
Interest expense(12,782)(9,290)
Changes in fair value of financial instruments(32,333)(11,064)
Other expense,net(17)(219)
Total other expense,net(44,629)(18,804)
Loss before income taxes and provision for income taxes(102,581)(111,028)
Provision for income taxes
Net loss(102,581)(111,028)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities-7
Foreign currency translation adjustments358
Comprehensive loss(102,546)(111,013)
Net loss attributable to common shareholders:
Net loss(102,581)(111,028)
Adjustments of redeemable convertible preferred stock to redemption value(24,462)(23,113)
Net loss attributable to common shareholders$(127,043)$ (134,141)
Net loss per share attributable to common shareholders, basic and diluted$ (3.57)$ (3.80)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to
common shareholders, basic and diluted
35,623,04235,313,037
+ +The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00037.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00037.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..23622e7a1df14827aeed4393152a6e0096f143c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00037.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +## The Power of Big Data + +With a dataset as large as ours, a key task is to reduce the dimensionality of data to those key features that are useful to understanding the systems biology while avoiding any preconceived bias in how we might expect the features to be related. We accomplish this through mathematical embedding, which we use to reduce the dimensionality of the datasets to provide powerful insights into the underlying relationships within the data. This massive amount of information, across the whole transcriptome and multiplied across hundreds of thousands of patients, then undergoes a process where features that tend to occur together more often (or clusters) are associated into a multidimensional vector space. + +One example of this methodology, and how additional data drives better predictions, can be seen in the pictures below, which show the clustering of a single gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) across increasingly large datasets, from our research into a predictive algorithm for brain metastasis. This clustering, which reflects screening through AI to reduce dimensionality and identify underlying clusters, shows that meaningful clustering groups can only be seen with larger amounts of data. The clusters become increasingly visible as the datasets grow from 1,000 to 200,000 cases. + + + +In this study, once we identified the relevant clusters, we then used the coordinates of the clusters as inputs into a separate AI/ML model that would predict the likely outcome—in this case, whether a patient was more or less likely to develop a brain metastasis. + +Our in-depth profiling of patient samples has led to the creation of what we believe to be one of the largest and most comprehensive multi-modal clinico-genomic datasets in oncology based on the more than 6.5 million tests we have run on over 849,000 cases, which have generated measurements of over 38 billion molecular markers. Leveraging high-powered computing and AI/ML algorithms, we, and our biopharma and research partners who use our data and bioinformatics services, analyze our datasets to determine the key molecular characteristics of a particular disease or dysfunction that drives disease, enabling signature identification and drug target discovery. We believe this wealth of data and processing power, together with whole-slide imaging, our tissue and slide repository, can help our researchers and external partners gain previously unattainable insights about specific patient populations. + +A study that we recently published in Nature Communications, a peer-reviewed scientific journal, demonstrated the power of our real-world clinical and genomic dataset, augmented through agreements with external providers of clinical outcomes data, to drive clinical insights. This study evaluated real-world outcomes for patients eligible for available tissue-agnostic therapies, which are powerful “pan-cancer” therapies that target specific molecular alterations across multiple cancer types and of which several have FDA approval. The study, using the largest real-world clinical and genomic dataset of tissue-agnostic indications reported to date across more than 295,000 de-identified patients and over 50 tumor types, demonstrated that over 20% of cancer patients are candidates for a tissue-agnostic therapies based on current FDA-approved indications. Additionally, the study found that over 5% of patients lacking any tumor-specific indication were found to carry a tissue-agnostic indication and thus to be candidates for a tissue-agnostic therapy. The study also generated insights into the different outcomes produced by tissue-agnostic therapies in different tissues. We believe the datasets built by our profiling solutions help enable further development of clinical insights with therapeutic and economic implications. + +This study was conducted in 2024 by our researchers using data from all patients who had undergone comprehensive tissue sequencing at our Phoenix tissue laboratory between 2015 and 2023, who had successful diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00038.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00038.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f926b803cd50515ab8b187b447c79edb2af5f53b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00038.md @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ +## UNITED STATES + +## SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION + +Washington, D.C. 20549 + +## Amendment No. 1 + +to + +## FORM S-1 + +REGISTRATION STATEMENT + +UNDER + +THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 + +## CARIS LIFE SCIENCES, INC. + +(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) + +Texas + +(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) + +8071 + +(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) + +85-2077369 + +(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) + +750 W. John Carpenter Freeway + +Suite 800 + +Irving, TX 75039 + +Telephone: (866) 771-8946 + +(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices) + +David D. Halbert + +Founder, Chairman, and Chief Executive Officer + +Caris Life Sciences, Inc. + +750 W. John Carpenter Freeway, Suite 800 + +Irving, TX 75039 + +Telephone: (866) 771-8946 + +(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service) + +Copies to: + +Nathan Ajiashvili + +Alison Haggerty + +Samer Zabaneh + +Latham & Watkins LLP + +1271 Avenue of the Americas + +New York, NY 10020 + +Telephone: (212) 906-1200 + +J. Russel Denton + +Ginger Appleberry + +Michael R. Sullivan + +Caris Life Sciences, Inc. + +750 W. John Carpenter Freeway, Suite 800 + +Irving, TX 75039 + +Telephone: (866) 771-8946 + +Eric Blanchard + +Divakar Gupta + +Charles S. Kim + +Cooley LLP + +500 Boylston Street + +Boston, MA 02116 + +Telephone: (617) 937-2300 + +Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this registration statement. + +If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. □ + +If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. □ + +If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. □ + +If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. □ + +Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. + +Large accelerated filer □ + +Accelerated filer □ + +Non-accelerated filer ☒ + +Smaller reporting company □ + +Emerging growth company ⊠ + +If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. □ + +The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine. + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00039.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00039.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..56bb448fc5d702e48891424b1c78f4ef9e9d0519 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00039.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +detection of breast cancer and intend to do so in a capital efficient manner, with the expectation that we will leverage either a commercial partner or our existing sales channels, however, our plans and intentions may change. + +## Caris Assure for Minimal Residual Disease Tracking and Treatment Monitoring + +A third model was trained by us using the feature sets described above for deployment in the settings of MRD and recurrence monitoring. This model, ABCDai-M&M, was trained using samples from 3,439 patients (1,290 patients with cancer and 2,149 individuals with no reported cancer) and performance was assessed on two independent validation cohorts: 86 patients in the MRD study and 101 patients in the recurrence monitoring study. The disease-free survival of patients whose cancers were predicted by ABCDai-M&M to have an event was significantly shorter than those predicted not to have an event using a tumor naïve approach (HR=33.4, p<0.005, HR=4.39, p=.008, respectively). The ABCDai-M&M model captured 89% of MRD recurrence events with 98% NPV and 76% specificity, and 45% of recurrence monitoring events with 92.6% NPV and 83% specificity. + + + +The following graphic illustrates the performance of Caris Assure for CRC in the MRD setting, in our clinical validation performed on 44 patient samples. diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00040.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00040.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9e16971059571b37ce507cdd79c51ba3ad35cfc4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00040.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +## NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) + +## Note 8. Long-Term Debt + +The carrying value of debt presented within current portion of notes payable and long-term indebtedness, net of debt discounts on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 includes the following components: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
As of March 31, 2025As of December 31, 2024
(amounts in thousands)
Term loan Initial Draw-January 18,2023$200,000$200,000
Exit fee on term loan-January 18,20232,0002,000
Term loan Subsequent Draw-March 5, 2024200,000200,000
Exit fee on term loan-March 5,20242,0002,000
Less: Amortized debt discounts and financing costs(1)(28,918)(30,863)
Net debt$375,082$373,137
Compound bifurcated derivative liability$ 1,342$ 6,058
+ +(1) Includes debt discounts of $28.3 million associated with the initial carrying value of compound bifurcated derivative liability. + +Maturities of the Company’s debt are expected to be as follows as of March 31, 2025: + +
Amount
Years Ending December 31,
Remainder of 2025$^{(1)}$$ 60,000
2026-
2027-
2028340,000
2029-
+ +(1) Represents 15% of the outstanding principal amount under the 2023 Term Loan Agreement, which is due on the earlier of (x) for dates prior to January 1, 2026, any date that the redemption rights in respect of our Series C preferred stock or Series D preferred stock are or may become exercisable within 90 days following such date, or (y) January 1, 2026 or the first date thereafter if, as of such date, the redemption rights in respect of our Series C preferred stock or Series D preferred stock are or may become exercisable on or prior to the date that is six months after the maturity date. The Series C preferred stock redemption rights may be exercised on or after March 31, 2026. All outstanding shares of our Series C preferred stock and Series D preferred stock will convert into shares of common stock as part of the Preferred Stock Conversion and any redemption rights thereunder will terminate in connection with the completion of this offering and consequently, the payments disclosed herein would not be applicable. + +## Term Loan Refinancing + +On September 21, 2018, the Company entered into a secured term loan agreement (the “Original Term Loan Agreement”) with Sixth Street Specialty Lending, Inc. and Barnett Debt Holdings, LLC (collectively, the “Original Term Loan Lenders”), which provided the Company with an initial term loan of $50.0 million (the “2018 Term Loan”) and a delayed term loan draw option of $50.0 million, which the Company drew down in full on October 4, 2019 (the “2019 Term Loan”). On April 2, 2020, the Company amended the Original Term Loan Agreement (the “Amended Term Loan Agreement”) to obtain additional term loan proceeds of $75.0 million (the “2020 Term Loan” and collectively with the 2018 Term Loan and the 2019 Term Loan, the “Original Term Loans”). diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00041.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00041.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..07fbbd56379cac9886925045ebf3bb2dbaa87fbf --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00041.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +## NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) + +Other Expense, Net + +Other expense, net consists of the following: + +
As of December 31,
20242023
(amounts in thousands)
Loss on debt extinguishment$ -$(10,915)
Other(349)(1,691)
Total other expense,net$(349)$(12,606)
+ +## Note 4. Guaranty Agreement and Restricted Cash + +The Company entered into a Master Continuing Guaranty Agreement with Bank of America in 2011 to provide a guarantee for credit exposure related to the Company’s commercial bank accounts with Bank of America. The agreement was guaranteed through collateral accounts of $0.3 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. The agreement contains various customary affirmative and financial reporting obligations and is considered to be restricted cash, as the account is under a security deposit agreement. All obligations are in compliance with the terms of the agreement.
+
+The Company entered into a lease agreement with KCP NNN II Leasehold 4, LLC on July 25, 2019 to lease 114,500 square feet of space in Irving, Texas. As part of the lease agreement, the Company delivered an unconditional, irrevocable letter of credit for $3.4 million from a nationally recognized bank. The Company obtained this letter of credit and placed $3.4 million in a security deposit account. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, amounts outstanding are $2.7 million and $3.1 million, respectively, and are included within cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
+
+The remaining restricted cash amounts are not material individually. + +The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheet that sum to the total of the amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Restricted cash is presented within cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. + +
Consolidated balance sheet line itemAs of December 31,
20242023
(amounts in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalentsCash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash$63,950$56,402
Restricted cash-short termCash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash1,4923,605
Restricted cash-long termOther assets2,586-
Total$68,028$60,007
+ +## Note 5. Income Taxes + + +For financial reporting purposes, income before income taxes includes the following components: + +
Years Ended December 31,
20242023
(amounts in thousands
United States$(283,720)$(339,724)
Foreign$ 1,830$ (1,691)
Total$(281,890)$(341,415)
diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00042.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00042.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9a2b22ed05da24f87629119bb2515ad8920ae473 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00042.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +## NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) + +are a function of a patient’s existing insurance benefits and applicable reimbursement contracts established between the Company and payers. Revenue associated with each payer, including its affiliated entities, as a percentage of the Company’s total revenue for the respective period, and accounts receivable balance attributable to each payer, including its affiliated entities, as a percentage of the Company’s total accounts receivable balance at the respective consolidated balance sheet date, are as follows: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Major Payer% Revenue for the years ended December 31,% Accounts receivable as of December 31,
2024202320242023
Payer 133.1%35.8%16.1%18.6%
Payer 2*11.0%*20.6%
Payer 314.0%14.0%19.3%*
+ +\* Represents major payers below 10.0%. + +In addition, as of December 31, 2024, one biopharmaceutical customer represented 22.3% of total accounts receivable. + +## Accounts Receivable + +Accounts receivable includes billed and unbilled receivables, net of an allowance for expected credit losses. Accounts receivable primarily represent receivables from biopharmaceutical customers and third-party payers. Accounts receivable for pharmaceutical services are established based on the amounts outstanding per the contractual arrangements with biopharmaceutical customers. The Company applies the current expected credit loss standard in ASC Subtopic 326-20, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (“ASC 326-20”) and reserves a portion of the accounts receivable based on assessment of the collectability of customer accounts at the time of revenue recognition. The Company regularly reviews the reserve by considering factors such as historical experience, credit quality, the age of the accounts receivable balances, and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. + +Receivables deemed to be uncollectible are written-off against the allowance for credit losses at the time such receivables are deemed to be uncollectible under a specific identification or estimated method. Recoveries of accounts receivable previously written off are recorded when received. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had an immaterial allowance for credit losses related to its accounts receivable. + +## Supplies + +Supplies consist primarily of laboratory items and reagents used by the Company in providing services. All supplies are raw materials and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company periodically reviews its supplies for excess or obsolescence and writes down obsolete or otherwise unmarketable supplies to their estimated net realizable value. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the amount of write downs associated with the Company’s supplies was immaterial. + +## Deferred Offering Costs + +Deferred offering costs consist primarily of accounting, legal, and other fees related to the Company’s proposed initial public offering (“IPO”). These costs are recorded as prepaid expenses and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. The deferred offering costs will be recorded against IPO proceeds upon the consummation of the IPO. In the event the planned IPO is terminated, the deferred offering costs will be expensed. The Company had $4.5 million of deferred offering costs as of December 31, 2024. Deferred offering costs were not material as of December 31, 2023. + +## Property and Equipment, Net + +The Company reports property and equipment at cost, net of accumulated depreciation, amortization, and any asset impairments. The cost of properties held under finance leases is equal to the diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00043.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00043.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..44bb32e0f6382016b33b4ecd84a6ce85edb85b25 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00043.md @@ -0,0 +1,270 @@ +## CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Redeemable Convertible Preferred StockCommon StockTreasury StockAdditional Paid-In
Capital
Party
Promissory Note
Receivable
Accumulated DeficitAccumulated Other
Comprehensive Income
Total
Shareholders' Deficit
(amounts in thousands, except share data)SharesAmountSharesAmountSharesAmount
Balances at December 31,2022703,086,140$1,954,17234,376,983$37182,500$(330)$ -$(24,969)$(1,678,549)$ 1,698$(1,702,113)
Stock-based compensation------15,241---15,241
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options--614,2951--1,864---1,865
Interest income from related party
promissory notes
-------(732)--(732)
Vesting of shares from early exercised stock options--306,000---4,958---4,958
Adjustment of redeemable convertible
preferred Series C and Series D to
redemption value
-121,112----(21,901)-(99,211)-(121,112)
Conversion of convertible note into Series C preferred stock31,055,90150,000---------
Other comprehensive loss---------(1,480)(1,480)
Net losS--------(341,415)-(341,415)
Foreign exchange gain------(162)---(162)
Balances at December 31,2023734,142,041$2,125,284 35,297,278$38182,500$(330)$ -$(25,701)$(2,119,175)$ 218$(2,144,950)
Stock-based compensation------18,643---18,643
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options--239,041---1,530---1,530
Interest income from related party
promissory notes
-------(755)--(755)
Vesting of shares from early exercised stock options--306,000---4,960---4,960
Adjustment of redeemable convertible
preferred Series C and Series D to
redemption value
-96,367----(25,133)-(71,234)-(96,367)
Other comprehensive loss---------(8)(8)
Net loss--------(281,890)-(281,890)
Balances at December 31,2024734,142,041$2,221,65135,842,319$38182,500$(330)$ -$(26,456)$(2,472,299)$ 210$(2,498,837)
+ +The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00044.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00044.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..636a38ff5f0dfb1653edf0dd040138f307705216 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00044.md @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Three Months Ended March 31, 2025Year Ended
December 31,2024
(in thousands, except share
and per share data)
Pro forma adjustment to reflect the Notes Conversion2,521,0042,521,004
Pro forma adjustment to reflect the RSU Net Settlement751,464751,464
Weighted-average shares used in computing pro forma net loss per
share, basic and diluted
273,965,936273,839,726
Pro forma net loss per share, basic and diluted$^{(d)}$$ (0.37)$ (3.20)
+ +(a) Gives effect to conversion price adjustments for the Series C preferred stock and Series D preferred stock, in each case based on an assumed initial public offering price of $17.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. The change in the fair value of the shares of preferred stock triggered by such conversion price adjustments is considered a deemed dividend and thus excluded from the computation of pro forma net loss per share attributable to common shareholders.
+
+(b) Gives effect to (i) the cash bonus payable upon a successful initial public offering, as further described in the section titled “Executive Compensation,” and (ii) expenses associated with the issuance of the 2025 Warrants.
+
+(c) Gives effect to the reduction of the fair value of the compound derivative liability bifurcated from the 2023 Term Loan. The fair value is mainly driven by the prepayment amortization feature of the 2023 Term Loan, which, upon consummation of this offering, has a de minimis value.
+
+(d) Each $1.00 increase in the assumed initial public offering price of $17.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would decrease the pro forma net loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024, by approximately $0.01 and $0.14, respectively. Each $1.00 decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $17.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase the pro forma net loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024, by approximately $0.01 and $0.13, respectively. Pro forma adjustments in this footnote are illustrative only and will be adjusted based on the actual initial public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
As of March 31, 2025
ActualPro Forma$^{(1)}$Pro Forma
As Adjusted$^{(2)(3)}$
(in thousands)
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
Cash,cash equivalents, and restricted cash$ 32,704$185,531$546,292
Working capital$^{(4)}$8,679157,516517,696
Total assets291,583444,410799,349
Total liabilities645,335519,292509,631
Redeemable convertible preferred stock2,246,113--
Total shareholders' (deficit) equity(2,599,865)(74,882)289,718
+ +(1) Gives effect to (i) the Warrant Net Exercises, (ii) the Series E and F Issuance, (iii) the Preferred Stock Conversion, (iv) the issuance of the 2025 Convertible Notes and the related Notes Conversion, (v) the RSU Net Settlement, and (vi) the reduction of the compound derivative liability bifurcated from the 2023 Term Loan.
+
+(2) Gives effect to (i) the pro forma adjustments described in footnote (1) above, (ii) the sale by us of 23,529,412 shares of common stock in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $17.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, net of $1.4 million of + + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00045.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00045.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fc13608dc7174b7909ad313e5e6ce5edeebcaaac --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00045.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ + +Together with collaborators, our medical and scientific experts have authored over 380 manuscripts in peer-reviewed medical and scientific journals, and more than 660 abstracts, posters and presentations at leading industry conferences and symposiums that expound on our innovative platforms and technologies. + + + +## Data Driving Development of New Clinical Solutions + +A significant benefit of generating WES and WTS results for every eligible patient is that the resulting dataset becomes a unique and proprietary resource to fuel the development of new molecular-driven signatures, products, and profiling solution enhancements that are only possible due to the availability of large datasets. Our datasets have also been augmented through agreements with external data providers. We have leveraged our vast datasets to drive the development of AI-based signatures and other enhancements, including our ABCDai algorithm and hundreds of other AI algorithms that are used in our bioinformatics pipelines for our profiling solutions. These solutions are designed to allow us to better leverage our data to improve patient outcomes and significantly differentiate us from our competitors. + +We plan to utilize our datasets and molecular profiling knowledge to continue to create proprietary molecular signatures that leverage NGS-based testing results and to utilize digital scans of tissue slides to predict the presence of certain molecular markers without the need for NGS profiling. In addition, we plan to establish patient-level prognosis and prediction of therapeutic benefit, with an initial focus on breast cancer, but that we believe will have therapeutic benefits across all cancer types. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00046.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00046.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..85792b6f5a033d85651921fff5b2d4cfdd46b0ba --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00046.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +Since our founding, we have achieved the following significant milestones: + + + +To our knowledge, we remain the only genomic profiling company to consistently utilize WES and WTS as standard practice on every eligible patient sample. Our in-depth profiling of patient samples has led to the creation of what we believe to be one of the largest and most comprehensive multi-modal clinico-genomic datasets in oncology. Our ever-expanding datasets include data generated from more than 6.5 million tests that have generated measurements of over 38 billion molecular markers from over 13 quadrillion datapoints as of March 31, 2025, as well as matched clinical outcomes for many of these patients. + +Our global annual clinical case volume has been growing rapidly, with year-over-year growth of 29% in 2022, 32% in 2023, 26% in 2024, and 31% in the first quarter of 2025, primarily driven by MI Profile. With our broad commercial launch of Caris Assure for therapy selection in the first quarter of 2024 and the FDA approval of MI Cancer Seek as a companion diagnostic in the fourth quarter of 2024 followed by the broad commercial launch of MI Cancer Seek in the first quarter of 2025 as the NGS component of MI Profile, we believe that increased profiling volumes will meaningfully contribute to our growth in 2025 and beyond. + + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00047.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00047.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a090732e0948fbe9513e2936342b357712dffcd6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00047.md @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +## Case Volume Growth + +## (Thousands$^{*}$) + + + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00048.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00048.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bdd501c7f56b02a66e9e815563db57ba06b36866 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00048.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +## NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) + +present value of lease payments not yet paid, adjusted for initial direct costs, prepaid lease payments and lease incentives received. Major improvements which add to productive capacity or extend the life of an asset are capitalized. Normal repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the period. + +Depreciation and amortization expenses are calculated on a straight-line basis and applied to asset classes based upon the Company’s estimate of the asset class’s useful life, as summarized below: + +
Computer equipment and software
Laboratory equipment3 years
Computer equipment and software3 years
Furniture and fixtures5 years
Aircraft7 years
Leasehold improvements/leased buildingsLesser of remaining lease term or useful life
Leased equipmentLesser of initial lease term or 5 years
+ +Computer equipment and software includes the purchases of hardware, software and capitalized labor costs associated with internally developed software. + +The Company capitalizes purchased software which is ready-for-service and capitalizes qualifying internal software development costs incurred on significant projects. Capitalization of costs begins when two criteria are met: (1) the preliminary project stage is completed, management with relevant authority authorizes and commits to funding the software project, and (2) it is probable that the software will be completed and used for its intended function. Capitalization ceases when the software is substantially complete and ready for its intended use, including the completion of all significant testing. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post-implementation operating activities are expensed as incurred. + +Research and development costs and other computer software maintenance costs related to software development are expensed as incurred. + +Capitalized software costs are included in property and equipment, net. These costs are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the underlying software, which is three years. The Company capitalized $1.1 million and $3.3 million in development costs for internal use software for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. + +## Leases + +The Company is a lessee for various types of property and equipment. The Company determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception by evaluating whether the contract contains an identified asset that the Company has the right to control the use of throughout the contract term. Lease classification as either an operating or finance lease is determined at the lease commencement date when the leased assets are made available for use. + +Upon lease commencement, the Company recognizes a lease liability and right-of-use (“ROU”) asset. ROU assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make payments arising from the lease. Lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term, regardless of whether the lease is an operating or finance lease. Lease payments consist primarily of fixed payments under the arrangement, less tenant incentives, if any. For each lease, the Company first assesses whether the rate implicit in the lease is readily determinable. When the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable, the Company uses an estimate of its incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”) based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. In determining the appropriate IBR, the Company considers information including, but not limited to, its diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00049.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00049.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6ec79cb7d084391a69d625cbbfd7de542c036f16 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00049.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +## Case Study: The Importance of RNA Profiling + +Caris was presented with the case of a teenaged boy diagnosed with high-grade astrocytoma, a type of brain tumor. Two years prior, the patient’s oncologist had ordered DNA-only profiling from another provider who did not identify any actionable mutations in the patient’s DNA. As a result, the patient was placed on a standard chemotherapy regimen. + +Upon recurrence of the tumor two years later, the oncologist ordered genomic testing from the same provider, who again did not identify any actionable mutations in the DNA. The patient began radiation therapy. Despite the initial profiling attempt and results, the tumor’s recurrence necessitated further investigation, leading the patient’s healthcare team to seek out more comprehensive testing with Caris. + +The Caris WES/WTS report revealed a significant finding: an FGFR fusion, which is a genetic alteration that can disrupt normal cell signaling and lead to cancerous cell growth, found in the patient’s RNA. Despite the challenges posed by the tumor’s recurrence, Caris’ ability to detect this actionable variant offered hope for potential targeted therapies, including the National Cancer Institute-Children’s Oncology Group Pediatric MATCH trial* for pediatric patients with advanced, recurrent solid tumors. + +This case demonstrated the critical role of comprehensive molecular profiling of both the DNA and RNA. By leveraging advanced testing methodologies such as WES and WTS, the provider was able to uncover potentially life-saving treatment options for this patient facing a challenging diagnosis, high-grade astrocytoma. + +## Molecular Signatures + +In addition to individual gene alterations, profiling can provide information on specific patterns or combinations of molecular features that might otherwise be challenging to detect. These molecular signatures may be associated with particular cancer types, prognoses, or therapeutic responses. Examples of molecular signatures include: + +• TMB: TMB is a measurement of the number of somatic mutations per megabase of DNA sequenced. A high TMB is used as a biomarker for the selection of certain checkpoint inhibitors to treat solid tumors. WES is the gold standard for measuring TMB as it covers the entire coding region of the genome. Measurements derived from targeted panels or comprehensive genomic profiling, on the other hand, vary significantly from panel to panel due to variable and incomplete coverage. + +• Microsatellite instability (“MSI”): MSI testing measures the ability of a cell to repair mistakes in DNA replication. Defective mismatch repair caused by alterations in mismatch repair genes is associated with elevated mutation rates in areas where short DNA sequences of base pairs are repeated. These areas are referred to as microsatellites. MSI analysis can identify candidates for immunotherapy or MSI-indicated clinical trials and diagnose Lynch Syndrome in colon and endometrial cancers. + +• Genomic loss of heterozygosity (“gLOH”): Loss of one copy of a genomic region, known as gLOH, may cause tumor suppressor gene inactivation, thereby promoting cancer development. gLOH is indicative of a form of defective DNA repair called homologous recombination deficiency. When a tumor exhibits DNA repair mechanism impairment, drugs targeting a secondary repair pathway can kill tumor cells without harming normal cells, a phenomenon called synthetic lethality. Thus, gLOH is a biomarker for therapeutic response to poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (“PARP”) inhibitors which target the single-strand break DNA repair pathway. + +• Homologous recombination deficiency (“HRD”): Related to gLOH, inefficient repair of damaged DNA via homologous recombination can contribute to the development of cancer. HRD often results from aberrations in key DNA repair genes, including BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (“ATM”), PALB2, and CHEK2, and is associated with increased sensitivity to PARP inhibitors, as above. + +✻ https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/nci-supported/pediatric-match diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00050.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00050.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9773693d535063947afd4217733f5a8dc8faef09 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00050.md @@ -0,0 +1,118 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Name of Beneficial OwnerNumberof
Shares Beneficially Owned
PercentageofShares
Beneficially Owned
Before this OfferingAfter this Offering
Greater than 5% Shareholders:
Entities affiliated with David D. Halbert$^{(1)}$124,906,29652.1%41.7%
Entities affiliated withSixth $\text {Street}^{(2)}$29,010,59612.2%9.8%
J.H. Whitney VI L.P.$^{(3)}$20,256,6158.5%6.8%
Named Executive Officers and Directors:
David D.Halbert$^{(1)}$124,906,29652.1%41.7%
David Spetzler$^{(4)}$2,987,7321.2%1.0%
Brian J. Brille$^{(5)}$3,762,5001.6%1.3%
George H. Poste$^{(6)}$701,219**
Jonathan Knowles$^{(7)}$291,750**
Nathan Burns---
David Fredrickson$^{(8)}$2,500**
Peter M. Castleman$^{(9)}$10,373,4064.4%3.5%
Joseph E. Gilliam$^{(10)}$77,500**
Jon S. Halbert$^{(11)}$1,350,000**
Laura I. Johansen$^{(12)}$314,576**
Lloyd B.Minor---
Vijay Mohan---
Danny Phillips$^{(13)}$102,500**
Jeffrey Vacirca$^{(14)}$15,000**
All executive officers and directors as a group
(17 individuals)$^{(15)}$
145,312,76759.0%47.5%
+ +\* Represents beneficial ownership of less than 1%. + +(1) Consists of (i) 1,881,294 shares of common stock held by David D. Halbert, of which 1,662,500 shares of common stock are pledged as collateral to secure certain personal indebtedness of Mr. Halbert, (ii) 2,000,000 shares of common stock underlying options to purchase common stock held by Mr. Halbert that are currently exercisable or would be exercisable within 60 days of May 31, 2025, (iii) 101,261,532 shares of common stock held by Caris Halbert, L.P., (iv) 8,528,805 shares of common stock held by ADAPT I Ltd., (v) 8,414,427 shares of common stock held by Carisome I, L.P., (vi) 645,149 shares of common stock held by Caris Investment II Ltd., and (vii) 2,175,089 shares of common stock held by Caris Investment III Ltd. (collectively with Caris Halbert, L.P., ADAPT I Ltd., Carisome I, L.P., and Caris Investment III Ltd., the "DDH Entities"). Caris Investment Management, LLC is the general partner of each of Caris Halbert, L.P., Caris Investment II Ltd., and Caris Investment III Ltd. Two family trusts are separately the general partner of ADAPT I Ltd. and the managing general partner of Carisome I, L.P., respectively. David D. Halbert, our Founder, Chairman, and Chief Executive Officer, is the managing member of Caris Investment Management, LLC and the trustee of each of the two family trusts, and in such capacities, has voting and investment power with respect to the shares held by each of the DDH Entities. + +(2) Consists of (i) 6,248,023 shares of common stock held by Barnett Equity Holdings, LLC (“Barnett Equity Holdings”), (ii) 12,480,392 shares of common stock held by Barnett Equity Holdings II, LLC (“Barnett Equity Holdings II”), (iii) 4,648,237 shares of common stock held by TOP III Barnett Investments, LLC (“TOP III Barnett”), (iv) 4,183,413 shares of common stock held by TAO Barnett Investments, LLC (“TAO Barnett” and, together with Barnett Equity Holdings, Barnett Equity Holdings II, and TOP III Barnett, the “Barnett Holders”), and (v) 1,450,531 shares of common stock held by Sixth Street Specialty Lending, Inc. (“SLX”). +TSSP Sub-Fund Holdco, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Sub-Fund HoldCo”), is the sole member of each of TAO SPV GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“TAO SPV”), and Empire SPV GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Empire SPV”). TAO SPV is the managing member of each of (i) Barnett Equity Holdings; (ii) Barnett Equity Holdings II; and (iii) TAO Barnett. Empire SPV is the managing member of TOP III Barnett. + +TSSP Holdco Management, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Holdco Management”), manages Sixth Street Specialty Lending Advisers Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Adviser + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00051.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00051.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..271b282d0c54a64bd7276f5c58c9167bbd7fa751 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00051.md @@ -0,0 +1,184 @@ +## CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Years Ended December 31,
(amounts in thousands)20242023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss$(281,890)$(341,415)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization48,91349,001
Stock-based compensation expense18,64315,241
Non-cash operating lease expense5,6014,332
Amortization of debt discounts7,0545,378
Changesin fair valueoffinancial instruments(18,484)(11,094)
Loss on debt extinguishment-10,915
Others4,031(1,329)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable(33,816)(15,081)
Supplies5,459(4,435)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets(1,408)4,544
Otherassets121(588)
Accounts payable(226)7,171
Accrued expenses and other liabilities8031,260
Net cash used in operating activities$(245,199)$(276,100)
Cash flows from investing activities
Maturities of marketable securities61,376300,488
Purchases of marketable securities-(63,395)
Purchases of property and equipment(8,444)(22,319)
Net cash provided by investingactivities$ 52,932$ 214,774
Cash flows from financing activities
Payments made on finance lease obligations(157)(743)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options1,5301,865
Paymentofdeferred offering costs(1,059)-
Proceeds from the 2023 term loan, net of issuance costs199,978191,310
Payment of third-party debt issuance costs-(2,300)
Repayment of the Original Term Loans-(180,000)
Net cash provided by financing activities$ 200,292$ 10,132
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash(4)62
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents,and restricted cash8,021(51,132)
Cash,cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of year60,007111,139
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of year$68,028$ 60,007
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Interest ppaid$ 49,017$ 15,776
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activity
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flow used for operating leases$ 11,297$ 12,062
Operating cash flow used for finance leases$ 36$ 78
Financing cash flow used for finance leases$ 157$ 743
Property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities$ 2,052$ 894
Deferred offering costs, accrued but not yet paid$ 3,266$ 254
Conversion of convertible debt to Series C Preferred Stock$ -$ 50,000
Lease liabilities arising from obtained right-of-use-assets
Operating leases$ 725$ 4,782
Financeleases$ 42$ -
diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00052.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00052.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8176357d68f017c0001543420ee10f74c4127465 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00052.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + +## China macro indicators + +Figure 45: Composite, manufacturing and services PMI + + + +Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P. + +Figure 46: M1 money supply vs. iron ore | YoY + + + +Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P. + +Figure 47: Residential prices vs. iron ore | YoY + + + +Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P. + +Figure 48: Fixed asset investments | YoY + + + +Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P. + +Figure 49: Residential housing activity indicators | Cumulative YoY + + + +Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P. + +Figure 50: Consumer confidence, satisfaction and expectations + + + +Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P. diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00053.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00053.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..260f0c1cdbd9daa2209259185c5b0f05076c22e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00053.md @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
经营活动现金流出小计2234.282953.243091.103149.313522.64
经营活动产生的现金流量净额295.57350.92346.58579.03605.12
投资活动现金流入小计1470.131278.011029.541222.031179.36
投资支付的现金1766.211053.471081.491469.981979.86
投资活动现金流出小计1823.231142.021164.631534.232058.38
投资活动产生的现金流量净额-353.11136.00-135.10-312.20-879.02
吸收投资收到的现金26.5715.5113.4823.58346.96
取得借款收到的现金180.71160.34464.76338.89378.00
筹资活动现金流入小计547.49211.45547.393711.12726.77
筹资活动现金流出小计555.06523.50655.94550.22499.79
筹资活动产生的现金流量净额-7.56-312.05-108.55-179.10226.98
现金及现金等价物净增加额-68.93170.02105.8287.55-47.69
期末现金及现金等价物余额235.49405.50511.32598.87551.19
+ +## 3.3.1 经营活动现金流量净额分析 + +经营活动现金流量净额呈现稳步增长趋势,从2020年的295.57亿元增长到2024年的605.12亿元。这反映出公司经营活动产生的现金流入持续超过现金流出,且差额逐年扩大。这主要得益于公司营业收入的增长、成本控制的有效实施以及客户信用的良好管理。虽然经营活动中现金流出也在增加,但增长幅度较小,导致经营活动现金流量净额持续增长。这可能表明美的在经营管理方面效率逐步提升,能够更好地产生现金流。 + +## 3.3.2 投资活动现金流量净额分析 + +美的在投资活动中,投资支出逐年增加,尤其是2024年的投资对现金大幅增长(从2023年的1469.98增至1979.86),导致投资活动现金流出大幅增加。投资活动现金流入虽然有一定波动,但未能弥补投资活动现金流出的增加,因此投资活动现金流量净额呈现较大的负值。这种现金流出增加可能反映了美的加大了对固定资产的投资,或进行了一些大规模的并购活动,或者资金用于扩大产能。 + +## 3.3.2 筹资活动现金流量净额分析 + +筹资活动现金流出小计逐年波动,但保持在相对较高的水平,尤其是2022 + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00054.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00054.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..abf0ab36e9c8247c91a32db071496e68460f861c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00054.md @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ + + +## 4.3.6 小结 + +美的集团 21-24 年存货周转率、应收账款周转率、流动资产周转率、固定资产周转率和总资产周转率均呈现连续下降的态势,说明美的集团近几年企业的资产营运能力有所下降。存货周转率下降,表明库存管理压力增大,可能是由于市场需求波动或供应链调整。应收账款周转率下降,反映出客户回款速度变慢,可能与信用销售策略或市场环境变化有关。固定资产周转率下降,说明公司在加大长期投资,如智能制造、数字化工厂等,短期内影响资产利用率,但有助于长期竞争力提升。流动资产周转率下降,表明公司在短期资产管理上面临一定挑战,可能需要优化资金使用效率。总资产周转率下降,说明公司在扩张过程中,盈利能力未能完全匹配资产增长,需要进一步提升资产运营效率。 + +## 4.4 发展能力分析 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
发展能力指标2020 年2021 年2022 年2023 年2024 年
营业收入增长率2.16%20.06%0.79%8.18%9.44%
营业利润增长率6.10%5.68%4.45%15.98%15.07%
净利润增长率8.82%5.419%2.74%13.20%14.85%
总资产增长率19.35%7.65%8.92%15.02%24.34%
净资产增长率15.57%8.52%12.68%14.73%30.62%
+ diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00055.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00055.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2bd2c9cc4c2a0f3b1c56c213a0b2976b107aa903 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00055.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + + + + +## 4.4.1 营业收入增长率 + +美的近五年的营业收入增长率波动较大,由20年的2.16%突然增长至21年的20.06%,22年又下降至0.79%。2021年大幅增长,全球经济复苏,消费需求回暖,同时公司在智能家居、工业自动化等领域扩张带动收入增长。2022年增长趋缓,全球供应链紧张、原材料成本上涨及市场竞争加剧影响销售增长。2023-2024年回升,这与公司优化产品结构,加大智能家居、高端家电、工业自动化等业务布局相关,带动收入增长。 + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00056.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00056.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..98bef767afffb80ab135172146321619b2894133 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00056.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +## 5.5 总资产报酬率下降,资产收益能力减弱 + +2020-2024 年美的集团的总资产报酬率总体呈现下降趋势,这与资产利用效率下降相关。近几年来美的集团的应收账款、存货等各类资产周转速率逐渐下降,这表明公司在资产管理和运营效率方面可能存在问题,导致资产收益能力减弱。另一方面,美的资产扩张速度大于营业收入增长速度,从而导致 ROA 下降。 + +## 6.杜邦分析 + + + +美的集团公司杜邦财务分析图(金额单位:亿元) + +总资产净利率下降是销售净利率和总资产周转率综合作用的结果,2024年美的集团的销售净利率上升但总资产周转率由0.82降低至0.75次,虽然美的的销售净利率由9.07%增长至9.51%,但总资产周转率下降的影响对总资产净利率影响更大,从而使得美的集团2024年总资产净利率下降。根据其销售净利率和总资产周转率对比,结合前面美的集团的盈利能力和营运能力展开分析;从数据来看,美的并非单纯依赖“高周转”换取盈利,而是更注重提高盈利能力,同时保持合理的资产周转率,形成利润与效率的平衡。不像零售业(如拼多多)那样极端依赖“低利润高周转”,美的在保证适度周转的同时,提高产品利润率。也不像高端奢侈品牌(如苹果)那样完全依赖“高利润低周转”,而是通过智能制造、供应链优化,保持了适度的资产周转效率。因此,美的并不完全采用“低盈利高周转”策略,而是更偏向“适度盈利、合理周转”模式,并通过优化盈利结构和资产管理,提高整体财务表现。 + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00057.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00057.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a655ba542d3815568080c137000410de02520af1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00057.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +2024 年美的集团的权益乘数下降,即公司资产负债率降低,公司对债务的依赖程度减少,风险也相应降低。24 年的权益乘数为 2.71,所有者权益平均额占总资产平均额的 36.86%,负债平均额占总资产平均额的比例为 63.14%,从经营和财务数据来看,美的采取的是“低经营风险,中等财务杠杆”的策略,而非“低经营风险,高财务杠杆”。经营风险较低,销售净利率上升,盈利稳定。财务杠杆处于适中水平,权益乘数有所下降,杠杆率并未过高。而在所有者权益中,企业留存收益占比较高,盈余公积和未分配利润占比高达 72.16%,说明美的的利润盈余能力较强,主要依靠其经营业务活动来实现盈利和资本的积累,企业融资方式以内源融资为主,面临的风险小但也一定程度上增加了资本成本。 + +## 7.对策建议 + +## 7.1 优化成本控制,提高盈利能力 + +针对营业成本偏高的问题,美的集团应进一步加强成本控制,通过优化供应链管理、提高生产效率、降低人工成本等措施来降低营业成本。同时,公司还应关注产品质量和售后服务,提高客户满意度,以增加营业收入和市场份额。 + +## 7.2 增加研发投入,提升创新能力 + +为了增强创新能力,美的集团应加大研发投入,提高研发占比。公司可以通过设立专项研发基金、与高校和研究机构合作、引进优秀人才等方式来加强研发实力。同时,还应关注市场需求和技术趋势,积极开展新技术、新产品的研究和开发。 + +## 7.3 稳定短期偿债能力指标,降低偿债风险 + +针对流动比率和速动比率波动较大的问题,美的集团应关注现金流量的稳定性和负债结构的合理性。企业可以通过优化现金流管理、合理安排负债结构、提高短期偿债能力等措施来降低偿债风险。同时,还应加强与金融机构的合作,确 + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00058.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00058.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e9dbe62e36790f1e7c9616597fa36966c0c5e9b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00058.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ + + +## 江苏林洋电子股份有限公司 + +(江苏省启东经济开发区林洋路666号) + +## 首次公开发行股票 + +## 招股说明书 + +保荐人(主承销商): + + + +(广州市天河区天河北路 183-187 号大都会广场 43 楼) + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00059.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00059.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65d89bfe273eadec6a65f208b7b71a243431bbab --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00059.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
发行股票类型人民币普通股(A 股)本次拟发行股数不超过7 , 500 万股
每股面值1.00 元每股发行价格18.00 元
预计发行日期2011 年8 月8 日拟上市的证券交易所上海证券交易所
发行后总股本不超过29,000 万股
本次发行前股东所持股份的流通限制、股东对所持股份自愿锁定的承诺华虹电子、华强投资承诺:自公司股票上市之日起36 个月内,不转让或者委托他人管理其持有的公司股份,也不由公司回购其持有的公司股份。
陆永华先生、毛彩虹女士、胡生先生等3 人承诺:自公司股票上市之日起36 个月内,不转让或者委托他人管理其间接持有的公司股份,也不由公司回购其间接持有的公司股份:虞海娟女士、徐斌先生等2 人承诺:自公司股票上市之日起12 个月内,不转让或者委托他人管理其持有的公司股份,也不由公司回购其持有的公司股份。
陆永华先生、胡生先生、虞海娟女士、徐斌先生等4 人承诺:在担任董事或高级管理人员的期间,每年转让的股份不超过其持有公司股份数的25 %;在离职后6 个月内,不转让其持有的公司股份;在申报离职6 个月后的12 个月内,转让的公司股份不超过其持有公司股份总数的50 %。
广发信德承诺:自公司股票上市之日起12 个月内,不转让或者委托他人管理其持有的公司股份,也不由公司回购其持有的公司股份:自增资公司之日(2010 年6 月11 日)起36 个月内不转让或者委托他人管理其持有的公司股份,也不由公司回购其持有的公司股份。
保荐人(主承销商)广发证券股份有限公司
招股说明书签署日期2011 年4 月11 日
diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00060.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00060.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c7ecdd391cf1e1c4f99d64b400ffa11267b0c55f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00060.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +## 1、设立林洋有限(1995年11月,注册资本50万美元) + +1995 年 10 月 29 日,香港棋港与启东计算机厂签订《苏港合资经营南通林洋电子有限公司合同》。上述合资合同分别经启东市对外经济贸易委员会《关于同意南通林洋电子有限公司合同、章程和董事会组成人员的批复》(启外经贸资字$1995$152号)及省政府《中华人民共和国外商投资企业批准证书》(外经贸苏府资字$1995$24643号)予以批准。1995 年 11 月 6 日,林洋有限取得《企业法人营业执照》(工商企合苏通字第 002228 号),注册资本 50 万美元。 + +1995年12月15日,江苏启东会计师事务所出具《验资报告》(苏启会外$1995$64号):截止1995年12月15日,林洋有限注册资本50万美元均足额到位,各股东均以货币资金出资。 + +林洋有限设立时的股权结构如下: + +单位:万美元 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
序号股东名称出资额股权比例
1香港棋港30.0060.00%
2启东计算机厂20.0040.00%
合计50.00100%
+ +## 2、第一次股权转让(1998年5月,注册资本50万美元) + +1997 年 3 月 31 日,启东计算机厂与长通电脑签订《股权转让协议书》,约定启东计算机厂将持有的林洋有限 40% 股权转让给长通电脑,但当时未办理工商变更登记手续。1998 年 3 月 25 日,经林洋有限董事会决议通过:启东计算机厂将其持有的林洋有限 40% 股权转让给长通电脑;长通电脑将其持有的林洋有限 32% 股权转让给华虹电子。同日,各股东签署《股权转让协议》。上述股权转让分别经启东市对外经济贸易局《关于同意南通林洋电子有限公司部分股份转让、董事会成员调整及修改合同、章程部分条款的批复》(启外经贸[1998]39 号)及省政府《中华人民共和国台港澳侨投资企业批准证书》(外经贸苏府资字[1995]24643 号)予以批准。 + +1998年5月13日,林洋有限办理了相应的工商变更登记手续并领取核发的《企业法人营业执照》(工商企合苏通字第002228号)。 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00061.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00061.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..26b4a14d8feebadb2db726bcc36178c1e468f23d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00061.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ + + +## 上海大智慧股份有限公司 + +Shanghai Great Wisdom Co., Ltd. + +(上海市浦东新区峨山路91弄20号陆家嘴软件园9号楼南塔9楼) + +## 首次公开发行股票招股说明书 + +保荐机构(主承销商) + + + +(重庆市渝中区临江支路2号合景国际大厦A幢) + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00062.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00062.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..50466bea13ffea2948a9a791b85266256c14aad5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00062.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +## 发行概况 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
发行股票类型人民币普通股(A 股)
发行股数11,000 万股
每股面值人民币1 元
每股发行价格23.20 元
发行日期2011 年1 月20 日
拟上市的证券交易所上海证券交易所
发行后总股本69,500 万股
本次发行前股东所持股份的流通限制、股东对所持股份自愿锁定的承诺公司控股股东、实际控制人张长虹先生承诺:
自公司股票上市之日起三十六个月内,不转让或者委托他人管理其直接或者间接持有的发行人公开发行股票前已发行的股份,也不由发行人回购其直接或者间接持有的发行人公开发行股票前已发行的股份。
公司股东张婷女士、张志宏先生承诺:
自公司股票上市之日起三十六个月内,不转让或者委托他人管理其直接或者间接持有的发行人公开发行股票前已发行的股份,也不由发行人回购其直接或者间接持有的发行人公开发行股票前已发行的股份。
公司股东沈宇先生等36 名自然人承诺:
自公司股票上市之日起十二个月内,不转让其所持有的公司股份。
公司股东新湖中宝、苏州金沙江承诺:
自公司股票上市之日起十二个月内,不转让其所持有的公司股份。
diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00063.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00063.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b412d91010ee59aaeb335cb593953d30b0adf2bd --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00063.md @@ -0,0 +1,167 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
40林辉300.0998
41张丁辉300.0998
42陈静300.0998
43张友良300.0998
44陈华英300.0998
45黄欢君300.0998
46金伟300.0998
47曹剑民300.0998
总计30066100.00
+ +## 9、2010年7月,王宇凌之股份所有权由王一丁继承 + +本公司股东王宇凌先生因病于2010年4月23日去世,根据王宇凌生前与其配偶郑冬玲、儿子王一丁签署的《关于财产继承人的协议》,其所持本公司6.9288%股份所有权由其儿子王一丁继承。本次股东变更事宜已经本公司2010年第二次临时股东大会通过并相应修改了公司章程,2010年7月完成工商变更备案手续。此次股东变更后的股东结构为: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
序号股东名称所持股份(万元)比例(%)
1浙江广天日月集团股份有限公司19052.863.3699
2华茂集团股份有限公司10003.326
3宁波环球宇斯浦投资控股集团有限公司10003.326
4浙江恒河实业集团有限公司10003.326
5王一丁2083.26.9288
6何明德10003.326
7鲍林春5001.663
8乌家瑜3000.9978
9潘信强3000.9978
10徐文卫3000.9978
11翁海勇3000.9978
12陈建国3000.9978
13陈贤华2000.6652
14郁武铮2000.6652
15戴兵2000.6652
16胡茂璋2000.6652
17赵文良1500.4989
18范尧根1500.4989
19卢祥康1500.4989
20郝强1000.3326
21陈宝康1000.3326
22王浩光1000.3326
diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00064.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00064.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c63cb50a43a99ad2f1799b8e15eb67dcbc4c3e5d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00064.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +## 3、各职能部门的职责 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
部门主要职能
1办公室(下设档案馆)各类文件的起草、收发、审核:公司各类证书、印信、档案的管理使用:组织安排公司各种会议和重要活动,做好对外联络和行政办公事务的处理:掌握、协调、督促和及时反馈各单位、各部门执行董事会决议和经营班子决定的情况及进程:负责企业资质、工商注册、各类申报评审以及企业形象宣传工作:承担领导交办的其他事务及有关后勤工作。
2经营预算处组织参加工程投标、合同洽谈,协助分公司开展经营活动及重大工程的预结算编制和审核:负责工程分包的归口管理:协调处理与业务单位的公共关系:审核公司的有关法律文书和工程合同,协调、解决公司的经济纠纷。
3工程管理处抓好企业生产、安全、质量及施工现场综合管理,组织开展公司安全生产、环境保护和文明施工的定期检查、平时巡查和各类相关培训,制订并实施创优创标化工作计划:根据合同协调施工进度,做好工程的开工、竣工验收(预验)审批,及时、准确地编制填报国家、上级部门和公司的各类统计报表。
4财务处(下设结算中心)建立系统科学的财务管理制度:负责企业资金调度和成本核算:负责财务预决算报告及年终汇算清交工作:加强公司税务工作管理;拓宽融资渠道、降低融资成本。
5人力资源处建立系统科学的人力资源管理制度,负责公司的人力资源管理;组织开展员工培训和各类人员资质职称的鉴定、考核工作:负责劳务分包的归口管理:做好员工养老、医疗、失业基金、公积金、工龄核定及离退休人员、工伤等管理工作。
6总工办(下设技术中心)建立系统科学的技术管理制度,全面履行QES 管理体系相关职能的贯彻、实施、督查工作:负责公司技术管理工作,编写公司技术应用管理文件,审核工程项目施工组织设计和各类专项施工方案,组织人员进行技术攻关,开展标准和工法编制、专利开发及技术产业化等工作。做好技术中心建设和企业信息化平台建设。
7审计处对公司及下属单位的工程项目招标投资、施工、设备材料采购和预算结算等情况,财务收支和资产、负债和损益状况审计监督检查,根据需要调查公司内部重大经济往来活动费用的真实性、合法性。对公司行政领导年度经济责任履行情况和单位正职离任进行审计等。
8证券与投资处做好与证券管理部门、中介机构、公司股东的联络工作:筹办股东大会、董事会和监事会会议:做好公司信息的披露工作:做好公司投资项目的信息搜集、可行性分析、执行、进展跟踪等工作;保管公司股东名册、董事和董事会秘书名册、股东持股资料等:负责公司上市申报的具体事务。
9物资经营管理处负责物资采购管理工作,包括对物资供方的能力评价、质量跟踪和采购物资的验证等工作:做好产品库房贮存期间的防护管理。
10设备管理处负责公司大型施工设备的采购、验收、使用、管理、维护和保养;对子
diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00065.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00065.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..acb48138f6be019fddc266d1aacfc83ab43eb3a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00065.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ + + + + + + + + + + +
稀释每股收益(元)0.470.540.35
加权平均净资产收益率(扣除非经常性损益)
(%)
18.0325.2817.43
+ +注:上述财务指标,若无特别说明,均以合并口径计算,计算各期每股指标时股数均取最近一期末股份公司股本数(24,000万股)。 + +## 四、本次发行情况 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
股票种类人民币普通股(A 股)
每股面值1.00 元
发行股数8,000 万股
发行股数占发行后总股本比例25.00%
发行方式采用网下向询价对象询价配售和网上资金申购定价发行相结合的方式
发行对象符合资格的询价对象和在上海证券交易所开户的境内自然人、法人等投资者(国家法律、法规禁止购买者除外)
承销方式承销团余额包销
+ +## 五、募集资金主要用途 + +公司本次拟向社会公众公开发行人民币普通股(A 股)8,000 万股,占发行后总股本的 25.00%,实际募集资金扣除发行费用后的净额为 82,772.98 万元,全部用于“重型石化装备及空冷设备研发制造项目”,该项目拟投资 139,000 万元。若本次发行募集资金净额少于该项目所需资金,资金缺口将以自有资金或金融机构贷款解决。若本次发行募集资金净额超过该项目投资总额,公司将依次安排募集资金用于:1、在建项目及新项目;2、偿还银行贷款;3、补充公司流动资金。 + +关于募集资金项目的具体情况详见本招股说明书“第十三节 募集资金运用”的相关内容。 + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00066.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00066.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1c2891e6cac251d1c34f8c967fd83b14e72fdbce --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00066.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +A、构成情况 + +货币资金的构成主要包括库存现金、银行存款和其他货币资金。截至2010年6月30日,公司库存现金5.71万元,银行存款13.66万元,其他货币资金5,271.00万元。其他货币资金中,包括银行承兑汇票保证金4,991.00万元和银行保函保证金280.00万元。 + +B、变动情况 + +近三年及一期末,货币资金占流动资产的比例分别为 15.47%、26.81%、35.70%、33.49%,占比逐年提高。 + +2008 年末货币资金较 2007 年末增长 3,918.57 万元,增幅为 89.71%;2009 年末较 2008 年末增加 8,278.64 万元,增幅为 99.90%;2010 年 6 月 30 日较 2009 年末增加 2,367.96 万元,增幅为 14.29%。 + +公司货币资金近三年及一期末持续增长,主要原因为本公司主营业务经营情况良好,销售回款稳定,经营活动产生的现金流量净额持续增长。此外,2010年3月,公司通过增资引进投资者国投基金导致期末现金增加3,488.00万元。 + +(2) 存货 + +A、构成情况 + +截至2010年6月30日,公司存货的构成情况如下表所示: + +单位:万元 + +
项目2010 年6 月30 日
账面余额跌价准备账面净额比例
原材料2,434.15-2,434.1516.08%
包装物27.01-27.010.18%
低值易耗品0-00
委托加工物资195.55-195.551.29%
半成品555.82-555.823.67%
产成品11,435.1984.2611,350.9474.98%
库存商品575.05-575.053.80%
合计15,222.7784.2615,138.52100.00%
+ +(注:产成品主要为车灯产品,库存商品主要为待售汽车) + +公司存货以产成品和原材料为主,截至2010年6月30日,公司产成品和原材料占存货的比重分别为74.98%和16.08%,金额分别为11,350.94万元和2,434.15万元。 + +报告期各期末,公司产成品账面价值占存货的比重为77.32%,66.85%,80.60%,74.98%。各期末产成品构成情况具体如下: diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00067.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00067.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..72887400374606889204e2a7d6c479587c4e1a72 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00067.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +项目协办人:马晓宇 +联系人:张杰、曾远辉、李强 +电话:010-59312939、010-59312957 +传真:010-59312908 + +(三)分销商:平安证券有限责任公司 +负责人:杨宇翔 +电话:010-59734984 +联系人:杨媛 + +(四)发行人法律顾问:北京市君合律师事务所 +地址:北京市建国门北大街8号华润大厦20层 +负责人:肖微 +电话:010-85191300 +传真:010-85191350 +签字律师:张涛、张建伟 + +(五)财务审计机构:江苏天衡会计师事务所有限公司 +地址:南京市正洪街18号东宇大厦8楼 +法定代表人:余瑞玉 +电话:025-84711188 +传真:025-84716883 +经办会计师:梁锋、杨林 + +(六)拟上市证券交易所 上海证交交易所 +地址:上海市浦东南路52号证券大厦 +法定代表人:张育军 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00068.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00068.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0f22a05b5f8b9fbfa5a757ebf981846ff7add0a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00068.md @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +## 2000-2008年中国民用汽车保有量 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
年份汽车保有量(万辆)同比增长率(%)
20001,608.9213.48
20011,802.0512.00
20022,053.1913.94
20032,382.9316.06
20042,693.7113.04
20053,159.6917.30
20063,697.3617.02
20074,358.3617.88
20085,099.6117.01
+ +(资料来源:国家统计局) + +汽车按大类分为乘用车和商用车。乘用车产量增长主要是由于国内居民可支配收入持续增加,居民的购车需求不断释放,居民人均汽车保有量持续快速上升。商用车产量增长主要受益于中国经济高速增长、公路网络建设持续完善、城市公共交通建设水平显著提高、人员流动明显增加以及旅游业蓬勃发展等因素。 + +(2) 市场供应状况 + +汽车灯具行业为汽车零部件行业的子行业,为汽车整车制造(“新车配套”)和维修改装两大市场提供零部件。由于汽车整车制造企业对零部件供应商制定了严格的准入门槛,对其具体车型的配套零部件供应商需在其确认的合格供应商名单中通过招投标方式选择,因此汽车灯具行业中供应整车配套车灯的供应商一般采用“以销定产”的方式,总体上供应量增长与需求量增长相匹配。维修改装市场中,一部分为由汽车整车制造企业通过经销商直接提供零部件,另一部分为未经授权的汽车维修企业。未经授权的汽车维修企业所采用的零部件一般并非原厂件,但价格较低,抢占了部分原厂件的市场份额。但随着私人购车数量的上升,预期未来未经授权的汽车维修企业的市场份额将会下降。 + +## 5、行业利润水平的变动趋势及变动原因 + +汽车灯具行业归属于汽车零部件行业。近年来,汽车零部件行业的收入、利润规模呈快速上升趋势,这主要是因为汽车的产量、保有量不断增长导致汽车零部件的需求相应上升。 + +汽车零部件行业的利润率主要取决于与下游整车制造企业和上游原材料供应企业议价的能力。从上市公司层面分析,汽车零部件行业的利润率自2000年 + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00069.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00069.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ea1db9f2c38f07f488f44d688601214300034500 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00069.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +以来略有下降,2009年有所上升,毛利率基本维持在20%左右。 + + + +(资料来源:国家统计局) + +(注:由于国家统计局披露口径原因,上图数据为当年1-11月的累计数据。) + + + +(资料来源: Wind 资讯) + +## (四)影响我国汽车灯具行业发展的有利和不利因素 + +## 1、有利因素 + +## (1) 汽车灯具行业的发展受到国家政策的支持 + +2004 年颁布并生效的《汽车产业发展政策》确定了汽车零部件及相关产业的发展方向。《汽车产业发展政策》明确指出:“汽车零部件企业要适应国际产业发展趋势,积极参与主机厂的产品开发工作。在关键汽车零部件领域要逐步形成系统开发能力,在一般汽车零部件领域要形成先进的产品开发和制造能力,满足国内外市场的需求,努力进入国际汽车零部件采购体系。”同时,《汽车产业发展政策》也明确了对汽车零部件行业的管理方式和支持措施,主要包括:“制定零部件专项发展规划,对汽车零部件产品进行分类指导和支持,引导社会资金投向汽车零部件生产领域,使具有比较优势的零部件企业形成专业化、大批量生产和模块化供货能力。对极多个有独立的汽车整车生产企业配套和进入国际汽车零部件采购体系的零部件生产企业,国家在技术引进、技术改造、融资以及兼并重组等方面予以优先扶持。汽车整车生产企业应逐步采用电子商务、网上采购等方式面向社会采购零部件。” + +国务院颁布的《中国汽车工业“十一五”发展规划》明确提出要全面提升零部件产业竞争力。国家旨在通过对零部件产业进行分类引导,鼓励支持企业整合相关零部件资源,形成集团化发展规模,鼓励零部件企业积极参与整车企业的产 + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00070.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00070.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..265ccf3787bbcd2d3dc532c755e6fe1c4dfd9c25 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00070.md @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +## 国内主要汽车灯具制造企业情况 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
企业名称投资方主要客户2008 年主营业务收入(亿元)
上海小糸车灯有限公司中日合资上海大众、上海通用、一汽大众28.59
广州斯坦雷电气有限公司中日合资广汽本田、东风本田12.44
长春海拉车灯有限公司德资一汽大众、哈飞汽车、华晨宝马9.64
湖北法雷奥车灯有限公司法资神龙汽车、东风日产、一汽大众一4.96
常州星宇车灯股份有限公司内资奇瑞汽车、汽大众、上海大众、一汽丰田4.52
江苏彤明车灯有限公司中英合资一汽轿车、东风日产、华晨汽车4.17
江苏文光车辆附件有限公司内资宇通客车、金龙客车、福田汽车3.18
三立(烟台)车灯有限公司韩资上海通用1.4
江苏常诚汽车部件有限公司中美合资奇瑞汽车、东风日产、一汽轿车1.35
山东鲁得贝车灯股份有限公司内资中国重汽、哈飞汽车1.32
湖北孝感华中车灯有限公司内资长安汽车1.16
南宁燎旺车灯有限责任公司内资东风柳州汽车、上汽通用五菱1.02
吉林东光瑞宝车灯有限责任公司内资一汽夏利、一汽解放、一汽吉林0.79
+ +(资料来源:中国汽车工业年鉴(2009年版)、各公司网站) + +(注:广汽本田指广汽本田汽车有限公司;东风本田指东风本田汽车(武汉)有限公司;华晨宝马指华晨宝马汽车有限公司;华晨汽车指华晨中国汽车控股有限公司;宇通客车指郑州宇通客车股份有限公司;金龙客车指厦门金龙联合汽车工业有限公司;中国重汽指中国重型汽车集团有限公司;哈飞汽车指中国长安哈尔滨哈飞汽车工业集团有限公司;长安汽车指重庆长安汽车股份有限公司;东风柳州指东风柳州汽车有限公司;上汽通用五菱指上汽通用五菱汽车股份有限公司。) + +根据《中国汽车工业年鉴》资料显示,以2008年主营业务收入计,本公司仅次于上海小糸、广州斯坦雷、长春海拉、湖北法雷奥四家外资企业,是最大的 + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00071.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00071.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1f25abe9063c1a23df9b4bcfde17bc3bdb2f72a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00071.md @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ +## (四)主要财务指标 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
项目2010 年度2009 年度2008 年度
流动比率(倍)1.301.331.26
速动比率(倍)0.990.950.85
资产负债率(母公司)(%)62.7761.7270.58
应收账款周转率(次/年)2.602.873.44
存货周转率(次/年)3.923.724.79
息税折旧摊销前利润(万元)41,922.8838,267.2127,938.38
利息保障倍数(倍)22.0122.5814.12
每股经营活动现金流量净额(元)0.570.430.10
每股净现金流量(元)0.680.510.03
无形资产(扣除土地使用权等后)占净资产的比例(%)0.460.590.55
基本每股收益(元/股)0.690.670.48
稀释每股收益(元/股)0.690.670.48
加权平均净资产收益率(%)20.2426.6429.32
+ +## 四、本次发行概况 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
股票种类:人民币普通股(A 股)
发行量:11,000 万股,占发行后总股本19.64%
股票面值:人民币1 . 00 元
发行价格:20.00 元
发行方式:采用网下向询价对象询价配售和网上向社会公众投资者定价发行相结合的方式
发行对象:符合资格的询价对象和在上海证券交易所开户的境内自然人、法人等投资者(国家法律、法规禁止购买者除外)
+ +## 五、募集资金运用 + +本次发行募集资金全部用于公司主营业务,拟用于以下用途: + +单位: 万元 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
项目名称项目投资总额拟投入募集资金额项目核准/备案情况
北京总部基地项目77,499.4054,946.40京顺义发改(备)
[2010]28号
北京总部基地扩建及光伏幕墙项目64,899.2064,899.20京顺义发改(备)
[2010]30号
合计142,398.60119,845.60
+ +若本次实际募集资金小于上述项目投资资金需求,缺口部分由本公司以自筹 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00072.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00072.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8e9cf1f6507a7a658bef4d208668e92ec5fef9d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00072.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ + +纪初我国已经发展成为幕墙行业世界第一生产大国和使用大国。根据中国建筑金属结构协会的调查统计,我国建筑幕墙的年产量从2001年的1,600万平方米增至2010年的8,300万平方米,共增长了4.19倍,年复合增长率20.07%,发展速度十分迅猛。 + +## 2001—2010 年我国建筑幕墙产量$^{3}$ + +单位:万平方米 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
年份2001200220032004200520062007200820092010
当年产量1600220030364064529857326200670075008300
累积产量10402126021563819702250003073236932436325113259432
+ + + +从幕墙行业年产值分析,2006年幕墙行业年产值约500亿元人民币,2009年幕墙行业年产值为1,445亿元人民币,是2006年的2.89倍$^{4}$,远高于同期建筑业年均增长率。目前,我国幕墙行业骨干企业在研发、设计、生产与施工等技术方面已经接近或达到国外先进技术水平,通过多年来在国内市场上与国外先进企业的同台竞争,我国幕墙企业已经成为国内市场的主导力量,同时一些大型骨干幕墙企业还积极实施“走出去”的战略,主动出击海外市场并且取得重大突破,据不完全统计,全球建筑幕墙工程行业年产值约有500-1,000亿美元,2006-2008年我国15家幕墙企业对外幕墙工程承包总额为475亿元人民币。在全球经济一体化的今天,依托先进的制造优势、原材料集中优势和人力资源成本优势,世界幕墙行业开始向中国等发展中国家集中和转移,我国幕墙行业正面临着难得的发展机遇。 + +我国幕墙行业目前的发展状况和发展趋势呈现出如下特点: + +$^{3}$ 张芹:《我国建筑幕墙的发展》,中国建筑金属结构协会 + +$^{4}$ 2010中国建筑幕墙50强,中国建筑装饰协会幕墙工程委员会 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00073.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00073.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1018607676945638c8847d9e78c919b4b1395912 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00073.md @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +方正证券的前身系浙江证券,通过一系列的重组,尤其是吸收合并泰阳证券后,通过内涵式增长和外延式扩张并举的方式,公司经纪业务实现了跨越式发展,网点及业务规模走上了一个新的台阶:公司营业网点由2002年的22家发展至目前的87家,位居行业第13位,主要分布在全国16个省(市)40多个城市,逐步形成了“区域集中、辐射全国”的网点分布格局;市场份额从2002年的5.36%增至2010年的17.31%,年均增长达到28.15%。2009年市场份额位列行业第15名。 + +## 2、业务流程 + +本公司经纪业务的基本业务流程如下图所示: + +发行人证券经纪业务的业务流程示意图 + + + +## 3、近三年经营情况 + +(1)报告期内,公司代理买卖证券的情况如下: + +单位:亿元 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
(1)2010年度
证券种类上交所交易量深交所交易量市场交易总量市场份额(‰)
A 股10,534.878,289.73542,359.7417.35
B 股57.6431.402,159.4220.61
基金34.2348.115,427.047.59
diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00074.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00074.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5a5392e09397a2648123e0ab37b61cfe4d7bf735 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00074.md @@ -0,0 +1,171 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
权证670.6819.0914,966.4923.04
国债0.950.04824.990.60
企业债2.952.421,777.811.51
其他债券6.660.771,373.392.70
合计11,307.978,391.56568,888.8817.31
(2)2009年度
证券种类上交所交易量深交所交易量市场交易总量市场份额(%)
A 股12,148.856,729.61533,157.5017.70
B 股56.9730.72889.5849.29
基金51.8845.837,684.126.36
权证2,671.92176.3453,641.1626.55
国债3.940.171,363.971.51
企债8.284.481,786.953.57
其他债券3.091.09634.903.29
合计14,944.946,988.23599,158.1918.33
(3)2008年度
证券种类上交所交易量深交所交易量市场交易总量市场份额(‰)
A 股6,339.323,123.12265,514.9217.82
B 股38.6315.18513.0752.44
基金61.3651.054,975.0011.30
权证2,900.31557.1668,291.0125.31
国债5.560.191,803.371.59
企业债8.063.561,743.733.33
其他债券7.013.13437.6711.59
合计9,360.253,753.39343,278.7819.10
+ +注:上表数据系同一控制下吸收合并原泰阳证券的合并交易数据。 + +(2)报告期内,公司还从事代理债券的还本付息服务,各期的代理已兑付债券金额情况如下: + +单位:万元 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
债券种类2010 年度2009 年度2008 年度
国债254.23264.09316.03
企业债139.53139.53163.36
其他债券75.1075.102.47
diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00075.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00075.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..75129240b9132dad9f1e773c4d98b43a4235485f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00075.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ + + +## 3、自营业务的决策机制 + +本公司证券自营业务实行董事会、证券投资决策委员会、证券投资部三级管理体制;本公司法律合规和风险管理部、稽核审计部、财务管理部等其它部门对证券自营业务进行合规管理和风险控制。 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00076.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00076.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1e6f228f400604551c0c59be5babeb22c9ce8b27 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00076.md @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +## 第十一节 财务会计信息 + +天健会计师事务所有限公司受本公司委托,依据中国注册会计师审计准则,对本公司2010年12月31日、2009年12月31日、2008年12月31日公司及合并的资产负债表,2010年度、2009年度、2008年度公司及合并的利润表、股东权益变动表和现金流量表以及财务报表附注进行了审计,并出具了天健审(2011)2-37号标准无保留意见的审计报告。本节主要提供从经审计的财务报告中摘录的部分信息。 + +## 一、合并及母公司财务报表 + +## (一)合并财务报表 + +## 1、合并资产负债表 + +单位:万元 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
项目2010 年12 月31 日2009 年12 月31 日2008 年12 月31 日
资产
货币资金1,700,913.552,330,630.701,444,001.54
其中:客户资金存放1,176,602.581,713,908.08826,570.78
结算备付金570,483.26323,293.07158,944.08
其中:客户备付金560,660.70244,362.17155,999.37
融出资金393.50--
交易性金融资产239,245.6958,851.364,281.32
应收利息104.8835.45131.56
存出保证金78,385.1170,009.3522,547.26
可供出售金融资产115,605.0428,072.636,792.56
长期股权投资1,952.301,952.302,013.90
投资性房地产14,119.2312,008.0014,377.88
固定资产39,206.9441,775.5041,646.63
无形资产3,890.632,702.041,904.19
其中:交易席位费364.59364.59304.59
+ diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00077.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00077.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8b0ed63e368e0a532cf98de72d7a3aefc51d6732 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00077.md @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
13浙江省商业集团公司182.280.41%
14浙江省工程咨询公司181.300.40%
15天津市中环投资公司147.000.33%
16浙江省科技风险投资公司147.000.33%
17浙江省手工业合作社联合社111.720.24%
18杭州市信托投资公司107.800.23%
19浙江新安化工集团股份有限公司73.500.16%
合计45,000.00100.00%
+ +## 5、2003年浙江证券进行增资并更名为方正有限 + +2003 年 3 月,经浙江证券第十八次临时股东会审议通过并经中国证监会“证监机构字[2003]80号”《关于同意浙江证券有限责任公司增资扩股的批复》同意,利德科技以1:1的比例对浙江证券增资6,300万元,浙江证券注册资本由45,000万元增至51,300万元。2003年4月1日,浙江天健会计师事务所有限责任公司出具了“浙天会验[2003]第29号”《验资报告》,对利德科技的出资情况进行了审验。2003年4月22日,浙江证券就上述增资事宜办理完成工商变更登记手续。 + +2003 年 4 月,经中国证监会机构监管部出具“机构部部函[2003]248 号”《关于浙江证券有限责任公司更名有关材料备案的回函》同意,浙江证券名称变更为“方正证券有限责任公司”。2003 年 8 月 13 日,浙江证券就上述变更名称事宜办理完成了工商变更登记手续。 + +## 6、2006年方正有限进行第一次股权转让和增资 + +2004 年 2 月,经正有限 2003 年第二次临时股东会审议通过,同意浙江省纺织品进出口集团有限公司、浙江省工程咨询有限公司、浙江省科技风险投资有限公司将其所持正有限的股权转让给招润投资。具体转让情况如下: + +
转让方受让方转让出资额
(万元)
批准文件
浙江省纺织品进出口集团有限公司招润投资600.25-
浙江省工程咨询有限公司招润投资181.30
浙江省科技风险投资有限公司招润投资147.00
+ +2006 年 3 月 13 日,方正有限办理了相应的工商变更登记手续。 + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00078.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00078.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a5ce9dddc29e26c62ec600aabe3cae41a5f4a51e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00078.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
发行前每股净资产:4 . 03 元(按2010 年12 月31 日经审计的合并财务报表归属于母公司股东权益除以本次发行前总股本计
算)
发行后每股净资产:【9 . 22 】元(按本次发行后净资产除以本次发行后总股本计算,其中,本次发行后的净资产为2010 年12 月31 日经审计的合并财务报表归属于母公司股东权益和本次发行募集资金净额之和)
发行市净率:【2 . 81 】倍(按发行后每股净资产计算)
发行方式:采取网下向询价对象定价配售与网上向社会公众投资者定价发行相结合的方式发行
发行对象:符合资格的询价对象和在深圳证券交易所开户的境内自然人、法人等投资者(国家、法规禁止购买者除外)或中国证监会规定的其他对象。
承销方式:余额包销方式
预计募集资金总额:【59,524】万元
预计募集资金净额:【55,912.5】万元
发行费用概算:
(1 )承销费用:【2,142.9】万元
(2 )保荐费用:【800】万元
(3 )审计费用:【201.5】万元
(4 )律师费用:【70】万元
(5 )发行手续、路演推介及信息披露费用等:【385.1】万元
(6 )验资费用:【12】万元
+ +## 三、本次发行的有关当事人 + +1、保荐人(主承销商):东海证券有限责任公司 + +法定代表人: 朱科敏 + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00079.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00079.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4d8d31b32ab906c6ac16e681c7de1edd3d4bdf6a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00079.md @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +住所:江苏省常州市延陵西路23号投资广场18、19号楼 + +电话:021-50586660 + +传真:021-50817925 + +保荐代表人:王育贵、魏庆泉 + +项目协办人:过震 + +项目组其他成员:周滨、李思宇、葛斌、龚倍颖 + +2、律师事务所 江苏世纪同仁律师事务所 + +负责人:王凡 + +住所:江苏省南京市北京西路26号4-5楼 + +电话:025-83302638 + +传真:025-83329335 + +签字执业律师:许成宝、杨亮 + +3、会计师事务所 上海上会会计师事务所 + +法定代表人:刘小虎 + +住所:上海市威海路755号文新报业大厦20楼 + +电话:021-52921592 + +传真:021-52921369 + +签字注册会计师:欧阳丹、张俊峰 + +4、资产评估事务所 江苏华辰资产评估有限公司(原江苏天衡资产评估有限公司) + +法定代表人:纪学春 + +住所:南京市正洪街18号东宇大厦10楼CB1座 + +电话:025-84711605 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00080.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00080.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2978ef4258572d89371658455aca834c8a1b0aee --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00080.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +创业板投资风险提示:本次股票发行后拟在创业板市场上市,该市场具有较高的投资风险。创业板公司具有业绩不稳定、经营风险高、退市风险大等特点,投资者面临较大的市场风险。投资者应充分了解创业板市场的投资风险及本公司所披露的风险因素,审慎作出投资决定。 + +广东大华农动物保健品股份有限公司 +Guangdong Dahuanong Animal Health Products Co., Ltd +广东省新兴县新城镇东堤北路温氏科技园2号之三 + + + +## 首次公开发行股票并在创业板上市 +## 招股说明书 + +保荐人(主承销商) + + + +深圳市 福田区 益田路 江苏大厦 38-45 楼 + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00081.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00081.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5b8c15e7b98f7edbd1f1115b411206bf153befbe --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00081.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +## 发行人声明 + +发行人及全体董事、监事、高级管理人员承诺招股说明书不存在虚假记载、误导性陈述或重大遗漏,并对其真实性、准确性、完整性承担个别和连带的法律责任。 + +公司负责人和主管会计工作的负责人、会计机构负责人保证本招股说明书中财务会计资料真实、完整。 + +中国证监会、其他政府部门对本次发行所做的任何决定或意见,均不表明其对发行人股票的价值或投资者的收益作出实质性判断或者保证。任何与之相反的声明均属虚假不实陈述。 + +根据《证券法》的规定,股票依法发行后,发行人经营与收益的变化,由发行人自行负责,由此变化引致的投资风险,由投资者自行负责。 + +## 本次发行概况 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
发行股票类型人民币普通股(A 股)发行股数6,700 万股
每股面值1.00 元预计发行日期2011 年2 月25 日
拟上市的证券交易所深圳证券交易所创业板发行后总股本26,700 万股
每股发行价格人民币22 . 00 元,根据向询价对象询价结果确定
股份限制流通及自愿锁定承诺本公司本次发行前的196 位自然人股东承诺:自公司股票在证券交易所上市之日起三十六个月内,不转让或者委托他人管理其本次发行前已持有的发行人股份,也不由发行人回购该部分股份。
担任公司董事、监事、高级管理人员的股东温均生、温鹏程、温志芬、黄松德、温小琼、陈瑞爱、黎沃灿、梁志雄、方炳虎还承诺:除前述锁定期外,在其任职期间每年转让的股份不得超过其所持有本公司股份总数的百分之二十五:离职后半年内,不转让其直接或间接所持有的本公司股份,且离任六个月后的十二个月内出售本公司股份总数占其所直接或间接持有本公司股份总数的比例不超过50 %。
董监高的19 名关联方承诺:其所持股份的锁定期与对应的董监高所持股份的锁定期一致。
承诺期限届满后,上述股份可以上市流通和转让。
保荐人(主承销商)招商证券股份有限公司
招股说明书签署日期2011 年2 月24 日
diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00082.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00082.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0e9561cac1175b4a58109e5826bce0f51d235ca6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00082.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +现非免蛋业务的全面整合 + +2007 年 12 月 30 日,大华农有限与新兴禽蛋签订《资产转让协议》,约定以截至 2007 年 12 月 30 日的账面净资产为定价依据,新兴禽蛋向大华农有限收购纲地非免蛋场、齐河非免蛋场以及龙庆非免蛋场,收购价格合计 1,157.70 万元 + +新兴禽蛋收购非免蛋资产的情况如下: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
序号收购方被收购方收购资产定价依据收购价格(万元)
1新兴禽蛋大华农有限纲地、齐洞、龙庆非免蛋场账面净资产1,157.70
2新兴禽蛋温氏集团辑罗非免蛋场评估价值729.83
3新兴禽蛋温氏集团SPF 实验动物中心评估价值770.75
4新兴禽蛋温氏南方家禽九龙非免蛋场评估价值982.74
+ +①大华农向新兴禽蛋转让齐洞、纲地及龙庆非免蛋场时未进行资产评估的原因说明 + +公司 2007 年 12 月 30 日向全资子公司新兴禽蛋转让齐润、纲地及龙庆非兔蛋场时未进行资产评估,主要原因是公司向温氏集团收购齐润、纲地时已以 2007 年 10 月 31 日为基准日对上述非兔蛋场进行了资产评估,截止 2007 年 12 月 30 日上述非兔蛋场的资产未发生重大变化,因此未再次进行资产评估;而龙庆非兔蛋场由于尚未完工、涉及金额较小且新兴禽蛋为公司的全资子公司,因此未进行资产评估。 + +②大华农收购齐洞、纲地非免蛋场价格与大华农向新兴禽蛋转让齐洞、纲地及龙庆非免蛋场的交易价格的差异说明 + +2007 年 12 月 30 日,大华农以 1,157.70 万元的价格将纲地、齐洞、龙庆三个非免蛋场转让给子公司新兴禽蛋,定价依据为截至 2007 年 12 月 30 日的账面净资产。上述三个蛋场 2007 年 12 月 30 日的账面净资产明细如下。 + +单位:万元 + +
项目转让价格
齐洞纲地龙庆合计
资产总计373.18766.84198.511,338.52
其中:固定资产239.33514.77-
在建工程-11.2374.13
生产性生物资产91.24154.45-
长期待摊费用--124.34
负债合计79.41100.760.66180.83
其中:应付账款69.0990.38-
其他应付款5.46.770.66
diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00083.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00083.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..06309ebe8cdf172ef3c25dd486c2afc4e41b3c8b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00083.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +
应交税费0.110.03-
其他流动负债4.813.58-
账面净资产293.77666.08197.851,157.70
+ +上述转让价格与公司2007年11月20日收购齐润、纲地非免蛋场的交割价格1,050万元的差异为107.70万元。产生价格差异的原因主要在于: + +A、以2007年12月30日账面净资产值959.85万元的价格转让齐润、纲地非免蛋场,与公司收购上述蛋场的价格1.050万元差异-90.15万元,如下表所示。 + +单位:万元 + + +
项目收购价格转让价格齐洞纲地蛋场价格差异
齐洞纲地合计齐洞纲地合计齐洞纲地合计
资产总计367.15682.851,050.00373.18766.841,140.026.0383.9990.02
其中:固定资产243.03512.67755.7239.33514.77754.10-3.72.1-1.60
在建工程2.6235.62-11.2311.23-2.628.235.61
生产性生物资产121.5167.18288.6891.24154.45245.69-30.26-12.74-42.99
长期待摊费用------
负债合计79.41100.76180.8379.41100.76180.83
其中:应付账款69.0990.38159.4769.0990.38159.47
其他应付款5.46.7712.175.46.7712.17
应交税费0.110.030.140.110.030.14
其他流动负债4.813.588.394.813.588.39
账面净资产367.15682.851,050.00293.77666.08959.85-73.38-16.78-90.15
+ +B、2007年12月30日龙庆非免蛋场的账面净资产值197.85万元。 + +上述两项差异合计107.70万元。 + +## 3、整合非免蛋业务的必要性及对公司业务体系完整性的影响 + +(1)收购非免蛋业务的必要性说明 + +①收购前上述非免蛋场与大华农有限之间的关系 + +收购前上述非免蛋场与大华农有限之间的关系如下。 + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
事项收购前双方关系
股权控制方面收购前齐洞、纲地、辑罗非免蛋场及SPF 实验动物中心为温氏集团下属分公司所拥有的非免蛋场,九龙非免蛋场为温氏南方家禽下属的非免蛋场:上述非免蛋场与大华农有限的实际控制人均为温氏家族
经营管理方面上述非免蛋场和大华农有限的高级管理人员任免均由温氏集团控制,核心决策人员一致,均为温氏家族成员,经营决策上统筹安排
经营范围方面非免蛋场主要生产胚蛋,大华农有限生产兽用生物制品、兽用药物制剂等动物保健品。前者生产的胚蛋是大华农有限进行兽用生物制品生产的主要原材料,胚蛋占兽用生物制品生产成本的比重约40 %
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00084.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00084.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..af59467ffadd2e7e9eff766a380ba3ac42eb8ded --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00084.md @@ -0,0 +1,166 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
4杨滁光1,550,000.0010.000%
5陈茂祥899,000.005.800%
6张小平589,000.003.800%
7黄万里542,500.003.500%
8李道鹏372,000.002.400%
9胡东卫333,250.002.150%
10惠坚强310,000.002.000%
11吴双喜286,750.001.850%
12程艳西232,500.001.500%
13胡家俊224,750.001.450%
14刘兵217,000.001.400%
15唐勇217,000.001.400%
16王韶红201,500.001.300%
17贾义松201,500.001.300%
18张珏170,500.001.100%
19徐红军155,000.001.000%
20夏明明155,000.001.000%
21郭化强155,000.001.000%
22王敏浩155,000.001.000%
23倪育新155,000.001.000%
24胡守红155,000.001.000%
25李磊155,000.001.000%
26柏春年155,000.001.000%
27束洪波155,000.001.000%
28王嘉林155,000.001.000%
29张凡124,000.000.800%
30笪丽红124,000.000.800%
31武春余124,000.000.800%
32王燕武124,000.000.800%
33唐涛108,500.000.700%
34金敏108,500.000.700%
35肖刚108,500.000.700%
36谭守臣108,500.000.700%
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00085.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00085.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..481b3426c053904408382baf2f46a070007f5bf4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00085.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +另外,压力容器制造企业还必须按照《锅炉压力容器制造许可条件》的规定建立完善的质量保证体系,设立各质量控制系统责任人员。 + +## 4、市场供求状况及变动原因、行业利润水平的变动趋势及变动原因 + +金属压力容器是一个涉及多行业、多学科的综合性产品,其制造技术涉及到冶金、机械加工、腐蚀与防腐、无损检测、安全防护等众多方面。压力容器广泛应用于化工、石油、机械、动力、冶金、核能、航空、航天、海洋等部门,是上述各行业生产过程中必不可少的核心设备,是一个国家装备制造水平的重要标志。例如,化工生产中的反应装置、换热装置、分离装置的外壳、气液储罐、核动力反堆的压力壳、电厂锅炉系统中的汽包等都是压力容器。 + +随着我国逐渐从制造业大国向制造业强国迈进,我国的装备制造业将不断得到升级和发展,下游的石油、化工、航天航空等行业也将不断发展壮大,压力容器的用途将越来越广,市场需求将进一步增大。 + +从市场供给方面看,目前我国已经成为压力容器生产的大国,最重要的上游产业钢铁业的生产能力也为全球最大。因此,从产能方面分析,供给应当能够满足市场需求。另一方面,由于压力容器的特殊性,多数为生产企业按照客户需求生产,即订单式生产,很少出现产品直接面向终端消费者的情况,因此,市场供给基本是根据市场需求的变化而变化的,出现供求差异主要是由于生产产品的技术工艺非标准化导致的结构性差异。 + + + +如上图所示,根据国家统计局和中国机电数据网的统计,近年来压力容器行业实现的利润总额呈现快速上升的态势,而行业的平均毛利率水平则保持在15%左右。由于压力容器的制造通常是为下游行业企业的成套生产设备或项目做 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00086.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00086.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8c7e94474ee9c457c945f6fdca457660e43bd874 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00086.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +任公司副总经理,2010年10月因个人原因离职。 + +(9)李安志,中国国籍,无永久境外居留权,身份证号码3724011963012****。李安志先生2005年-2008年任职于吴江华衍水务有限公司,担任经理职务;2008年起任职于发行人给排水部。 + +(10)应小㚵,中国国籍,无永久境外居留权,身份证号码3101041954011*****。应小㚵女士2003年-2007年任职于上海美和华房产公司行政部,2008年起任职于发行人财务部。 + +(11)张华根,中国国籍,无永久境外居留权,身份证号码3102291970070*****。张华根先生2004年起任职于公司市场部。 + +(12)王菁,中国国籍,无永久境外居留权,身份证号码3621011976081****,目前担任公司财务总监,其简历请见“第八节 董事、监事、高级管理人员及其他核心人员”之“一、董事、监事、高级管理人员及其他核心人员简历”。 + +(13)刘毅,中国国籍,无永久境外居留权,身份证号码3101061957092*****。刘毅先生2005年任职于上海通讯股份有限公司,担任法律顾问;2006年-2007年,任职于自然美国际事业集团,担任法律顾问;2008年起任职于发行人法务部门。 + +2、新增股东与董事、监事以及高级管理人员的关联情况 + +公司董事王尚政系由诚鼎创投提名,目前其担任诚鼎创投监事,并担任城投控股(600649)财务总监,城投控股持有诚鼎创投41.67%股权。公司董事凌秋剑系由亨通投资提名,目前其担任亨通光电(600487)董事、亨通集团财务总监。亨通集团系亨通光电的控股股东,亨通集团和亨通投资均系由自然人崔根良控制。除上述关联关系之外,公司法人股东的股东、董事、监事、高级管理人员与发行人的股东、董事、监事、高级管理人员之间不存在关联关系。 + +3、取得股份时间、价格和定价依据 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
序号股东名称持股数量
(万)
价格
(万元)
取得时间定价依据
1亨通投资3001,0802010 年
5 月
市值估价
2诚鼎创投2901,044
3宝升科技150540
4硅谷天堂
阳光创业
50180
5南京汇投40144
+ diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00087.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00087.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6346d14537adf57f2d1c3bd98e4d2516aab4b460 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00087.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +城市供水总量 500 亿 m³,是 1949 年的 160 倍,用水普及率达到 94.7%,比 1981 年提高 41 个百分点;用水人口 35,086.7 万人,人均日生活用水量为 178.2 升。我国城市供水行业已经具有一定规模。 + +B、我国市政自来水行业发展前景广阔 + +a、生活用水量增长迅速 + +2000-2010 年,我国生活用水量一直在稳步增长,截至到 2010 年末,生活用水量已达 758.7 亿 $m^{3}$ 。具体如下图: + + + +资料来源:国家统计局 + +根据《中国可持续发展水资源战略研究报告》,随着人口增长、城市化发展和经济发展,到2030年,国民经济需水量将达到7,100亿$m^3$,农村生活需水量达到310亿$m^3$,在充分考虑节水的前提下,到2030年城市工业用水将增加到660亿$m^3$,城市生活用水增加到660亿$m^3$。届时,全国城市用水总量将达到1,320亿$m^3$。对比2010年全国用水总量为5,990亿$m^3$,生活用水总量为758.7亿$m^3$,未来市政自来水行业有着极大的发展空间。 + +b、城市饮用水水源标准提高、自来水厂和供水系统的改造也给自来水行业发展带了极大的机会 + +《水利发展“十一五”规划》指出,城市主要供水水源地水质达标率提高到90%以上;在对城市饮用水水源地安全状况进行全面调查和评价基础上,建立水源地保护管理机制、监测体系和应急预案与机制;实施水源地保护及污染治理工程、城市饮用水水源调配和水源建设等工程,基本解决城市和问题突出的县级城镇集中式饮用水水源地安全保障问题。水源地水质、水量和供水保证率达到相应的规划标准。 + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00088.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00088.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ac98a46804fa3e3edb4a8a786bbdb8dd41e8ee06 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00088.md @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
发证机关/授予机关证书名称
受聘技术专家、委员情况
中国认证认可监督管理委员会强制产品认证技术专家组(第三届)专家(低压元器件组和低压成套设备组)
中国国家标准化管理委员会全国低压设备绝缘配合标准化技术委员会委员、全国金属切削机床标准化技术委员会机床电器分技术委员会副主任委员、全国熔断器标准化技术委员会低压熔断器分技术委员会委员、全国熔断器标准化技术委员会委员、全国低压电器标准化技术委员会委员、全国低压电器标准化技术委员会家用断路器和类似设备分技术委员会委员
中国电工技术学会电力系统控制与保护专业委员会委员
中国质量认证中心中国质量认证中心技术委员会工厂检查分委员会委员
江苏省科学技术厅、江苏省科技咨询协会江苏省注册咨询专家
兼职教授
苏州大学兼职教授
苏州科技学院兼职教授
科技奖项
中华人民共和国国务院2001 年、2002 年两次获得国家科学技术进步奖二等奖
中国质量认证中心国家“十五”攻关计划项目“认证认可关键技术研究及示范-消费类产品中有毒有害物质的认证评价技术研究及示范”课题研究突出贡献奖
中国机械工业联合会中国机械工程学会2008 年度获得中国机械工业科技三等奖
+ +胡德霖、胡醇详细简历见本招股说明书之“第八节/一、董事、监事、高级管理人员及其他核心人员的简要情况”。 + +## 四、主要财务数据 + +经江苏天衡审计,本公司报告期内主要财务数据如下: diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00089.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00089.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..13b6e35acc36ba2bc676a148dc7b8b988bf1664e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00089.md @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +如下: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
公司名称重庆天舟建筑工程设备租赁有限公司
成立时间1994 年2 月
法定代表人汪天祥
注册资本300 万元
注册地与主要生产经营地重庆市九龙坡区科园三街139 号附9 号
股东构成及控制情况汪天祥持股75 %,王立富持股15 %,王春贞持股10 %
主营业务金属材料(不含稀贵金属)、建材(不含危险化学品)、普通机械销售,租赁建筑工程设备
最近一年主要财务数据
(未经审计)
项目2010 年12 月31 日/2010年度
总资产(万元)2,224.53
净资产(万元)-312.62
净利润(万元)-278.24
+ +## (五)控股股东参股的企业情况 + +本公司控股股东、实际控制人汪天祥参股的企业有重庆农商行,具体情况如下: + +重庆农商行成立于 2008 年 6 月,是在原重庆市农村信用社、农村合作银行基础上组建的股份制商业银行,是全国第三家、中西部首家省级农村商业银行,也是中国首家赴港上市的农村商业银行。资本金 70 亿元,总资产规模超过 2,500 亿元,下辖 1,700 多个营业机构,从业人员 1.3 万余名。注册资本金居全国农村商业银行之首,是重庆市资产规模最大、存款规模最大、服务网点最多的地方金融机构,也是重庆市最大的涉农贷款银行、中小企业融资银行和个人信贷银行。(资料来源:重庆农商行网站) + +截至本招股说明书签署日,本公司控股股东、实际控制人汪天祥持有重庆农商行62.53万股股份。 + +## (六)控股股东或实际控制人直接或间接持有发行人的股份是否存在质押和其他有争议的情况 + +截至本招股说明书签署日,控股股东及实际控制人持有公司的股份不存在质押或其他有争议的情况。 + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00090.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00090.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6f0d37fba9c9a0ebb759f2797ce49720848dbfcc --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00090.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +## 第十五节 附件 + +## 一、附件目录 + +(一)发行保荐书(附:发行人成长性专项意见)及发行保荐工作报告; + +(二)发行人关于公司设立以来股本演变情况的说明及其董事、监事、高级管理人员的确认意见; + +(三)发行人控股股东、实际控制人对招股说明书的确认意见; + +(四)财务报表及审计报告; + +(五)内部控制鉴证报告; + +(六)经注册会计师核验的非经常性损益明细表; + +(七)法律意见书及律师工作报告; + +(八)公司章程(上市修订草案); + +(九)中国证监会核准本次发行的文件; + +(十)其他与本次发行有关的重要文件。 + +## 二、查阅时间 + +工作日上午:9:30-11:30 下午:13:30-16:30 + +## 三、文件查阅地址 + +发行人:深圳翰宇药业股份有限公司 + +地址:深圳市南山区高新技术工业园中区翰宇生物医药园四楼 + +电话号码:(0755)26588036 + +传真号码:(0755)-26588078 + +保荐机构(主承销商):中信建投证券有限责任公司 + +办公地址:深圳罗湖区深南东路深业中心2204 + +电话号码:(0755)25919073 + +传真号码:(0755)25919086 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00091.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00091.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3e397193d91b163e91029caabdd3d20505b70e39 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00091.md @@ -0,0 +1,148 @@ + +## 2、资产收购的过程 + +## (1)2007年12月,无形资产转让 + +2007 年 12 月,翰宇生物与翰宇有限签订《知识产权转让协议》、《专利权转让协议》及《商标权转让协议》,将其拥有的所有知识产权,包括商标(共 28 项)、专利(发明专利 2 项,发明专利申请权 2 项)、技术工艺、技术秘密和其它内容的知识产权以及与知识产权相关的权利一揽子无偿转让给翰宇有限。转让完成后,翰宇生物不再拥有与医药相关的无形资产。翰宇有限受让翰宇生物的 28 项商标、2 项发明专利和 2 项发明专利申请权明细如下: + +翰宇有限受让翰宇生物的28项商标明细 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
序号商标标识注册号核定使用
商品类别
有效期
13132781第1 类2003-6-28 至2013-6-27
2翰宇3141808第5 类2003-6-7 至2013-6-6
3翰康4053365第5 类2007-2-7 至2017-2-6
4翰固4053353第5 类2007-2-7 至2017-2-6
5翰欣4053366第5 类2007-2-7 至2017-2-6
6翰宁4053361第5 类2007-2-7 至2017-2-6
7翰安4053362第5 类2007-2-7 至2017-2-6
8翰恒4053359第5 类2007-2-7 至2017-2-6
9翰华4053355第5 类2007-2-7 至2017-2-6
10翰太4053363第5 类2007-2-7 至2017-2-6
11翰泰4053364第5 类2007-2-7 至2017-2-6
12翰唯4053354第5 类2007-2-7 至2017-2-6
13翰珍4053358第5 类2007-2-7 至2017-2-6
14翰真4053357第5 类2007-2-7 至2017-2-6
15泰定素3508275第5 类2005-5-21 至2015-5-20
16泰钙素3508296第5 类2005-3-28 至2015-3-27
17泰宫素3508294第5 类2005-5-21 至2015-5-20
18泰康素3508284第5 类2005-5-21 至2015-5-20
19泰可素3508285第5 类2005-5-21 至2015-5-20
20泰亮素3508288第5 类2005-3-28 至2015-3-27
21泰泌素3508286第5 类2005-1-14 至2015-1-13
22泰宁素3508292第5 类2005-3-28 至2015-3-27
diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00092.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00092.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8fd07299c0bd957a583bb32dc1d26345eb6a9894 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00092.md @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
速动比率1.21.21.191.161.17
资产负债比率(%)56.956.957.658.960.4
+ +流动比率反映了企业短期偿债能力,即流动资产与流动负债的比值。该指标在1.2至1.3之间波动,总体呈下降趋势。说明企业的短期偿债能力略有下降,需要关注流动资产和流动负债的结构和变动情况。 + +速动比率剔除了存货等不易变现的流动资产,更能反映企业的即时偿债能力。该指标也在逐年下降,从1.2降至1.17,表明企业即时偿债能力有所减弱。 + +资产负债比率反映了企业的长期偿债能力,即总负债与总资产的比值。该指标持续上升,从56.9%增长至60.4%,表明企业的长期偿债压力逐渐增大。 + +## (二)、营运能力分析 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
运营能力指标2019 年2020 年2021 年2022 年2023 年
应收账款周转率(次)31.3651.1214.0823.6237.72
存货周转率(次)9.6715.213.696.7211.45
流动资产周转率(次)0.911.250.320.590.94
固定资产周转率(次)4.135.961.793.435.5
总资产周转率(次)0.610.860.220.410.65
+ +应收账款周转率衡量了公司应收账款转化为现金的速度。较高的周转率通常表明公司能够快速收回款项,降低坏账风险。从2019年到2023年,应收账款周转率呈现先上升后下降的趋势,2020年达到高峰,2021年显著下降,随后两年逐步上升。这反映了公司在某些年份对信用政策的调整或市场环境的变化。 + +存货周转率反映了公司存货管理的效率。较高的周转率意味着公司能够快速销售存货,降低库存成本。从2019年到2023年,存货周转率先上升后下降在上升,整体呈上升趋势,表明公司存货管理效率逐年提高。 + +流动资产周转率反映了公司流动资产的使用效率。较高的周转率表明公司能 + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00093.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00093.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8af6f87f68bec063e0dd7e212aa9f25a2b6f201d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00093.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +资产增长率也呈上升趋势,并在2023年达到了27.61%的高增长。这表明公司在不断扩大其资产规模,通过投资、并购等方式实现规模扩张。 + +营业利润增长率反映了企业营业利润的增长情况。虽然2021年营业利润增长率为负,但整体来看,营业利润增长率在逐渐回升,并在2023年达到了35.74%的增长。这表明公司在优化业务结构、提高运营效率等方面取得了积极成果。 + +净利润增长率表示企业净利润的增长情况。与营业利润增长率类似,尽管在2021年有所下降,但净利润增长率整体呈上升趋势,并在2023年达到了43.23%的高增长。这显示了公司在提高盈利能力、控制成本等方面取得了显著成效。 + +净资产增长率反映了企业净资产规模的增长情况。从2019年到2023年,净资产增长率整体较为稳定,保持在10%到13%之间。这表明公司在保持净资产规模稳步增长的同时,也注重了资本结构的优化和风险控制。 + +存在的问题 + +## 四、杜邦分析 + + + +长城汽车 2023 年的销售净利率为 4.05%,说明公司的销售净利率非常低。 + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00094.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00094.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f02d0475355d7418415ca97d9ecb785ae70bab4d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00094.md @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +长城汽车在技术研发上坚持“过度投入”,注重有效研发,为持续自主创新奠定了基础,使长城汽车具备了SUV、轿车、皮卡三大系列以及动力总成的开发设计能力。斥资50亿元打造的哈弗技术中心已投入使用,具备研发、试制、试验、造型、数据五大功能区域。 + +## 二、财务分析 + +## (一)、资产负债表分析 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
资产负债表2019 年2020 年2021 年2022 年2023 年
货币资金97.23145.9330.5357.7383.4
交易性金融资产43.6348.2660.4620.5441.12
应收票据及应收账款31.9339.3686.0493.47101.4
存货62.3774.98139.7223.7266.3
一年内到期的非流动资产8.07618.8522.419.2918.28
其他流动资产113.4115.898.1393.8925.6
流动资产合计685994108410771186
长期应收款12.9524.4522.9117.5517.91
长期股权投资31.1384.1595.24102.9107.5
递延所得税资产6.84311.8327.7732.5346.6
非流动资产合计445.9546.1670.4776.8826.9
资产总计11311540175418542013
+ diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00095.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00095.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..25e63af79e331d7fe2ca26d69348bcd0d261de63 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00095.md @@ -0,0 +1,118 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
短期借款11.879.0152.0459.4357.01
其他流动负债40.8850.6545.4355.5670.88
流动负债合计546811.79569581108
长期借款12.06107.886.56154.1132.9
租赁负债5918 万4.9534.7599.7876.616
递延收益21.9334.6241.1335.8531.98
递延所得税负债4.8945.4378.4557.70910.64
非流动负债合计40.97155176.8243.4219.3
负债合计587966.7113312011328
实收资本(或股本)91.2791.7692.3687.6584.98
资本公积14.1117.7948.7221.2620.55
盈余公积57.5661.7566.7870.1855.13
未分配利润383.5409.9418.9491.8527.3
归属于母公司股东权益总计544573.4621.2652685
股东权益合计544573.4621.3652.2685.1
负债和股东权益总计11311540175418542013
+ +货币资金从 2019 年的 97.23 增长到 2023 年的 383.4,说明公司的现金储备在不断增加,这说明是由于公司经营活动的盈利增加,公司成功地进行了融资活动。 + +交易性金融资产从 2019 年的 43.63 增长到 2021 年的 60.46,后续出现不同减增,虽然中间有所波动,但整体呈现增长趋势。这表明公司加强了对金融市 + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00096.md b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00096.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8fe46dbd76327a58f61b489e73eabf7e9bac5040 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_financial_report_00096.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +## 发行概况 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
发行股票种类:人民币普通股A 股
发行股数:2,500 万股
每股面值:人民币1 . 00 元
每股发行价格:30.19 元
发行日期:2011 年3 月28 日
拟上市的证券交易所:深圳证券交易所
发行后总股本:10,000 万股
+ +本次发行前股东所持股份的流通限制和自愿锁定的承诺: + +1、公司实际控制人曾少贵、曾少强、曾少彬承诺,自公司股票在创业板上市之日起三十六个月内,不转让或者委托他人管理其直接或间接持有的公司股份,也不由公司回购该部分股份。 + +2、公司内资法人股东丰成投资承诺,自公司股票在创业板上市之日起三十六个月内,不转让或者委托他人管理其直接或间接持有的公司股份,也不由公司回购该部分股份。 + +3、公司其他股东承诺,自公司股票在创业板上市之日起十二个月内,不转让或者委托他人管理其直接或间接持有的公司股份,也不由公司回购该部分股份。 + +4、丰成投资全体股东承诺,自公司股票在创业板上市之日起三十六个月内,不转让或者委托他人管理其直接或间接持有的公司股份,也不由公司回购该部分股份。 + +5、此外,公司董事及/或高级管理人员曾少贵、曾少强、徐航、袁建成、马亚平、龙镭、刘煜、全衡、蔡磊、监事曾少彬还承诺,在本人担任翰宇药业董事/监事/高级管理人员期间,本人每年转让的股份不超过本人直接或间接持有公司股份总数的25%;本人从翰宇药业董事/监事/高级管理人员岗位离职后六个月内, diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00001.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00001.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8c709d995f6525e55b95f913a9cffcc1be578e70 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00001.md @@ -0,0 +1,141 @@ +表 11 2014 年以来预告,满足选股条件的(截至 2014/2/12) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
代码名称预告日期报告期交易所板块行业预告类型整体增速未公布增速整体超预期未公布超预期20BIAS-相对截至2 /12 相对行业收益率
300067安诺其2014010720131231深圳创业板化工预增120.0%177.0%23.7%19466.1%14.609.54
600583海油工程2014010920131231上海主板采掘预增220.0%257.5%35.1%103.6%9.7719.19
300063天龙集团2014011620131231深圳创业板化工略增20.0%209.0%12.2%98.8%20.596.01
000413东旭光电2014011720131231深圳主板电子预增152.3%259.5%14.1%47.1%7.1617.07
002637赞宇科技2014011820131231深圳中小板化工预增794.1%469.5%28.6%56.8%5.4910.47
000829天音控股2014012120131231深圳主板商业贸易扭亏232.7%713.9%42.9%18.4%12.0935.73
002205国统股份2014012920131231深圳中小板建筑建材预增366.5%342.4%55.2%128.5%10.478.25
600158中体产业2014012920131231上海主板房地产预增75.0%56.4%24.0%85.2%20.9816.02
+ +数据来源:国泰君安证券研究,Wind + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00002.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00002.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ed0af11567f438d15227628408e1ad385299da6b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00002.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +图26: 极端条件下,国企“再加杠杆”释放的信贷扩张空间 + + + +数据来源:Wind,广发证券发展研究中心 + +## (三)“再加杠杆”将是央企国企重估的重要一环:股权融资→再加杠杆→估值重塑 + +我们认为,现阶段央企国企直接大幅提升杠杆率的概率不大,真正可能的方式是央企国企重估“三步走”—— + +1. 扩大再融资(股权融资为主)并积极优化业务结构,确定重估的根基(优质业务)的同时优化资产负债表结构(降低杠杆率); + +2. 财务状况优化后,适度“再加杠杆”扩大再投资,进一步优化盈利能力; + +3. 业务结构、盈利能力、财务状况均得到优化后,顺利实现重估。 + +图27: 央国企重估的“三步走” + + + +数据来源:广发证券发展研究中心 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00003.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00003.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f92ca6dae11982e3be30b7201b3f1a8a9509c611 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00003.md @@ -0,0 +1,131 @@ +## ChatGPT: 细探商业模式与供给端决定因素 + +## ChatGPT: Examining the Business Model and Determining Factors on Supply Side + +## 观点聚焦 Investment Focus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
股票名称评级股票名称评级
腾讯控股Outperform 华住Outperform
阿里巴巴Outperform 心动公司Outperform
拼多多Outperform 虎牙Neutral
美团Outperform 知乎Outperform
京东Outperform雅乐科技Neutral
网易公司Outperform祖龙娱乐Neutral
百度Outperform IGGNeutral
SeaOutperform 斗鱼Neutral
携程集团Outperform 同程旅行Neutral
Boss 直聘Outperform 快手-WOutperform
哔哩哔哩Outperform 商汤-WOutperform
唯品会Outperform
爱奇艺Neutral
微博Outperform
阅文集团Neutral
欢聚时代Outperform
+ + + +资料来源:Factset, HTI + +Related Reports + +TEMU 物流研究及美国尾程配送现状一览(How TEMU fulfill its orders and a glance of US last mile delivery)(16 Dec 2022) + +阿里巴巴 2022 云栖大会亮点小结(Takeaway from Alibaba 2022 APSARA Conference)(7 Nov 2022) + +广深跨境电商调研小结(Takeaway from E-commerce Field Trips in Guangzhou and Shenzhen)(31 Oct 2022) + + +本篇报告我们回顾梳理了海内外巨头在 ChatGPT 上的布局,并分析了未来供给端的决定因素。 + +ChatGPT 作为爆款应用出圈,背后有技术和管理上的必然性:ChatGPT 在上线 5 日内突破 100 万注册用户,两个月内突破 1 亿用户,成为全球最快用户破亿的互联网软件。技术上,ChatGPT 基于 Transformer 架构,历经多轮训练迭代,叠加算力上微软的大力支持,参数量从最初 1.17 亿进化到了 1750 亿,这带来了技术上的先发优势和杀手级的用户体验。管理上,OpenAI 作为非盈利机构,没有上市和业绩压力,因此拥有更多试错空间和更从容的研发氛围。因此,我们认为 ChatGPT 可维持其现有优势,将会是 AI 时代的赢家之一。而且,参考 ChatGPT 演变过程,我们认为前期的巨额投入和从容的研发氛围,也是成为国内该领域最后赢家的必要条件。由此,国内目前各大厂的现状,仍存在改良空间。 + +商业模式处于探索阶段,落地场景上广告或率先起量,长期会以用户付费为主、促成再一次工业革命般的生产力提升:目前ChatGPT的商业化探索仍在早期阶段,具体措施包括在C端推出订阅服务,在B端整合进入微软云服务生态图等。长期来看,训练与硬件成本的下降将为生成式AI技术在B、C端大规模应用提供基础和支撑,应用场景可包括线上客服、教育、电商、软件开发、传媒、艺术、游戏等。但短期而言,较为明确的路径为革新搜索市场,争夺广告份额:微软Bing的先例可做管中窥豹。不过另一方面,随着微软搜索广告在低基数下的高速增长,谷歌股价或暂时承压;同理或可解释百度在OpenAI上的急迫感。 + + +国内应用端玩家虽面临算力掣肘,但短期竞争的决定因素或在于应用场景和转型决心:参考海外产业链,目前中国产业链在基础设施层,主要是高性能芯片方面和海外存在巨大差距。但在芯片被卡脖子的现实下,也预示着国产替代玩家的发展空间(如寒武纪、璧仞科技等),他们可能首先在财务上享受到 AI 浪潮红利。而对于应用端的互联网大厂而言,高性能 GPU 芯片卡脖子是他们面临的共同问题,但由于技术敏感性,国内市场此后应为国内玩家主导,所以国内玩家主要还是内部竞争;且目前而言,各家 A100 囤货已能满足现阶段需求,且 A800 即将出货,以及训练效率快速提升,卡脖子问题或到 2025 年方会呈现。从目前技术储备上看,ChatGPT 的出现已经指明了技术迭代的方向,各家纠偏只是时间问题。因此,我们认为国内竞争的关键点在于落地场景:巨头需考虑这些落地场景是侵蚀主营业务的地盘,还是带来增量为主,并在这个基础上考量自身的转型决心。此外,研发氛围、新业务投入周期、及人才管理等软实力亦尤为重要-而我们认为,腾讯和字节在这些方面具有优势、但团队并不紧迫;百度硬性优势明显,急迫感突出,但执行力存疑。后续需紧密关注各家团队流失率指标。 + + + +Natalie Wu, CFA +natalie.wu@htisec.com + +Barney Yao +barney.sq.yao@htisec.com + +Yulin Zhong, CFA +yl.zhong@htisec.com + +Jasmine Bai +y.bai@htisec.com + +本研究报告由海通国际分销,海通国际是由海通国际研究有限公司,海通证券印度私人有限公司,海通国际株式会社和海通国际证券集团其他各成员单位的证券研究团队所组成的全球品牌,海通国际证券集团各成员分别在其许可的司法管辖区内从事证券活动。关于海通国际的分析师证明,重要披露声明和免责声明,请参阅附录。(Please see appendix for English translation of the disclaimer) + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00004.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00004.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e07dfb58500f12d31d8898642a4ba4b6fdb1d4b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00004.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +## 【企业动态】 + +## • 绿城中国拟20.72亿元收购合景泰富杭州及苏州3个项目股权 + +8月15日,绿城中国(03900.HK)发布关于收购杭州及苏州项目公司权益的公告。绿城房地产(公司的全资附属公司)与苏州卖方(苏州市金和房地产及苏州市上誉房地产)及其他各方订立苏州协议,据此,绿城房地产同意向苏州卖方A收购苏州市景誉房地产的50%股权及向苏州卖方B收购苏州市卓誉房地产的51%股权,总代价约为人民币8.95亿元。于苏州收购事项完成后,苏州目标公司各自将成为绿城中国的非全资附属公司。 + +## • 远洋集团:因违约于2024年到期的6.000%有担保票据停牌 + +8月14日,远洋集团发布有关於二零二四年到期的6.000%有担保票据停牌公告。公告称,应发行人要求,因并未于2023年8月13日(即有关利息付款的14日宽限期的最后一日)或之前支付票据于2023年1月30日(包括该日)至2023年7月30日(不包括该日)的利息期间的利息(2094万美元)而导致发生票据项下之违约事件,故票据将自2023年8月14日上午9时正起于港交所停牌,直至作出进一步通知。 + +## • 中梁控股:占计划债务约71%的持有人已加入重组支持协议 + +8月14日,中梁控股(02772)公告,于重组支持协议费用截止期限,占计划债务约71%的持有人已加入重组支持协议及/或已提供加入重组支持协议的指示。 + +## • 碧桂园已筹备债务重整,近期启动相关程序 + +8月11日,有机构人士透露,碧桂园已经在筹备债务重整,近期有望启动相关程序,该公司已聘请中金为财务顾问,主导重整事宜。面临阶段性流动压力的碧桂园在8月10日傍晚的公告中表示,将与债权人保持沟通,采取各种债务管理措施,以保障公司的长远发展,并为债权人保存价值、维护利益。碧桂园坦承“公司遇到了自成立以来最大的困难”,公司管理层进行了深刻的反思,承诺将坚守责任、全力自救。 + +## • 奥园公告披露重组进展:已获持有现有票据本金金额75.89%的债权人同意 + +8月10日晚,中国奥园(03883.HK)公告披露,持有现有票据本金金额75.89%的债权人已正式签署或同意重组支持协议。其中,部分非ICA债权人已签署或同意重组支持协议。为此,奥园方面表示,对至今获得的大力支持深感鼓舞与欣慰。 + +## • 正荣地产:有序推进境外债重组 预计上半年亏损14亿元至16亿元 + +8月10日,正荣地产集团有限公司发布(1)境外整体债务管理方案的最新情况;及(2)财务更新公告。境外整体债务管理方案方面,公告称于过去数月一直协助债权人特别小组进行的尽职调查,已于近期完成。 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00005.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00005.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9ff716fd2e9db9f401f25015372e6e81a3fdaf9b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00005.md @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +## 【项目案例】 + +## ◆ 南京招商璀璨璟园: + +开发商:招商蛇口 + +江宁核心区的璀璨璟园,区域配套非常完善。项目位于竹山路商圈的核心腹地,周围就有景枫城市综合体(在建)、龙湖龙湾天街等重要商业地标,一河之隔更是南京第二商圈—百家湖。15分钟内,可以到达江宁多个重要商圈。 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
开盘时间入住时间精装套数楼盘售价 (元/m²)装修标准 (元/m²)橱柜品牌烟机品牌灶具品牌洗碗机品牌
20230725.10904350004000欧卡罗、柏厨方太方太方太
净水器品牌智能坐便器品牌洗面盆品牌浴霸品牌壁挂炉品牌中央空调品牌可视对讲品牌智能门锁品牌智能家居系统品牌
通用GE科勒科勒奥普菲斯曼松下小度樱花博联
+ +## ◆ 杭州桃境满元里: + +开发商:杭州城建(大家房产) + +项目介绍:"大家房产,稳健匠筑41载。秉承“大美为家”品牌主张,以追求高阶生活理念的初心,携手国企实力巨擘——杭地发展,联袂匠著,深耕丁桥品质人居,再续杭州湖滨风雅。项目位于丁兰新城CLD中央生活区的桃花湖公园畔,镜像西湖“湖滨格局”,回归一面悠然自得,一面人间烟火的优雅洋房生活。 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
开盘
时间
入住时间精装套数楼盘售价
(元/㎡)
装修标准
(元/㎡)
橱柜品牌烟机品牌灶具品牌洗碗机品牌
20230726.03418343703500订制老板老板老板
坐便器品牌坐便器品牌花洒品牌浴霸品牌开关插座品牌热水器品牌中央空调品牌可视对讲品牌智能门锁品牌
科勒科勒科勒奥普西蒙耀罡、威能日立海康威视萤石
+ +注:以上信息来源于奥维云网监测数据库摘要,如需查看更多项目,欢迎联系! + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00006.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00006.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..07cbe25c1762250929b47d710d03724d445bd53a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00006.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +## 【宏观经济】 + +## ● AVC观点:消费降温明显,投资、出口持续走低 + +• 供给端:2023年7月,规模以上工业增加值同比实际增长3.7%,环比增长0.01%。1—7月份,规模以上工业增加值同比增长3.8%;7月份制造业PMI为49.3%,略有回升 + +图:工业增加值增速(%) PMI同比未热 + + + +• 需求端:2023年1-7月社会消费品零售总额同比增长7.3% + +• 固定资产投资:2023年1-7月累计同比增速3.4%,较上月下降0.02个百分点,其中房地产开发投资额累计同比下降8.5%,较上月持续走低 + +图:社会消费品零售总额、投资、出口同比走势(%) + + + +• 进出口:2023年1-7月,以美元计价,中国进出口总值34002.4亿美元,同比下降6.1%。其中出口总值19449亿美元,同比下降5%;进口总值14553.4亿美元,同比下降7.6%。 + + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00007.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00007.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ea5d4f8f2632f81e5faa3df5d6841020b4149327 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00007.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +## 【地产新政】 + +## ● AVC观点:众多城市释放重磅利好,打响房地产政策优化的发令枪 + +## 7.24 政治局会议后最新政策动态 + +7月24日,中央政治局会议首次明确了“我国房地产市场供求关系发生重大变化的新形势”,并首次提出要“适时调整优化房地产政策,因城施策用好政策工具箱”,随后住建部发声,各地积极因地制宜调整优化市场: + +7月27日,住建设部表示,进一步落实好降低购买首套住房首付比例和贷款利率、改善性住房换购税费减免、个人住房贷款“认房不用认贷”等政策措施。倪虹部长明确提出个人住房贷款“认房不认贷”,预计短期二线城市或率先调整优化,一线城市亦存在空间;29日-30日,地方层面,政治局会议后,北京、广州、深圳等多个核心城市住建部门跟进表态,要大力支持居民刚性和改善性需求 + +随后安徽合肥、宁夏隆德县、贵州贵阳、江苏句容、四川雅安经济技术开发区、内蒙古赤峰、浙江兰溪、浙江衢州、河南郑州等多地密集出台购房支持政策,包括提高公积金贷款最高额度、降低公积金贷款首付比例、多孩家庭购新房给购房补贴和契税补贴、降低二套房商贷首付比例、推进商品房“现房销售”试点、探索商品房销售按套内面积计价、购改善性住房的原有住房暂停执行住房限售政策、鼓励各商业银行调整存量个人住房贷款利率、落实“认房不认贷”政策、个人转让自用“满五唯一”住房暂免征收个税等 +7月底,在住建部领导7月底发声后,首个执行“认房不认贷”的城市是内蒙古赤峰。根据“赤峰公积金”官方消息,从8月1日起,该市正式执行“认房不认贷”公积金贷款政策!即公积金缴交职工申请公积金贷款时,不再审核以前公积金贷款次数,只审核拥有的“三地”房源套数(即购房地、公积金缴存地、户籍地,“三地”总套数超过两套就不能申请公积金贷款) + +8月3日,河南郑州率先发布稳楼市“十五条”提出: + +- 支持青年人才在郑安居,在享受原有青年人才购房补贴的基础上,由开发区、区县(市)再按照100%的比例给予购房契税补贴; + +- 符合国家生育政策生育二孩、三孩且子女未成年的家庭,凡即日起至2023年12月31日期间在郑购买新建商品住房并完成契税缴纳的(以购房合同网签时间为准),由开发区、区县(市)财政一次性给予二孩家庭2万元、三孩家庭3万元货币补贴; + +- 购买改善性住房的,其原有住房暂停执行住房限售政策; + +- 励在郑各商业银行依法有序调整存量个人住房贷款利率,引导个人住房贷款利率和首付比例下行; + +- 落实“认房不认贷”政策,更大程度满足刚需和改善性住房需求; + +- 个人转让自用“满五唯一”住房,暂免征收个人所得税; + +- 个人将购买2年以上(含2年)的住房对外销售的,免征增值税等; + +- 稳妥推进城中村改造和城市更新。城中村改造、城市更新中涉及的房屋征收,通过购买商品住房、发放安置房票等货币化为主的方式实施安置; + +- 稳妥推进商品房“现房销售”试点,着力抓好郑东新区和惠济区各一个试点项目 + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00008.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00008.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..395ce4c6bf496013038e1a3e6a5f87a82aab9a24 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00008.md @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +## 【部品监测】 + +2023年7月整体精装规模75.3千套,同比-44.4%。除标配部品外,燃气热水器、中央空调、智能家居系统、洗碗机、新风系统配置率较去年增长较明显 + +## 2023年7月中国精装商品住宅配套部品市场规模及走势 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
部品配套量(干套)配置率配置率变化
建材75.3100.0%-100.0%
橱柜72.295.8%-2.1%
烟机69.992.8%-3.9%
灶具65.987.5%-9.1%
消毒柜12.817.0%-8.7%
净水器16.321.7%-1.8%
洗碗机25.734.1%+2.7%
浴霸50.066.3%-5.6%
坐便器66.488.2%-+2.9%
浴室柜70.093.0%-2.0%
花洒73.096.9%-1.5%
淋浴屏49.565.7%-10.4%
电热水器0.00.0%-2.5%
太阳能热水器5.77.6%+4.7%
燃气热水器9.913.1%+9.5%
壁挂炉15.620.8%-1.1%
空气能热水器11.815.6%+5.9%
中央空调49.765.9%+9.4%
新风系统32.443.0%+2.1%
电视0.81.1%0.9%
冰箱3.14.1%0.1%
洗衣机2.33.1%1.6%
智能家居系统8.511.3%-2.4%
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00009.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00009.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..55aa81a306ccc431c1712357bee1ab00fab41f4f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00009.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +## 三、餐饮业数字化发展现状 + +近年来,餐饮业数字化快速发展。数字技术与餐饮业的融合进一步加速了餐饮业的发展,提升了生产和服务效率,同时也创造了更多消费场景。相关政策的逐步完善进一步推动了这一发展趋势,数字化平台的作用得到充分发挥,数字化生态系统的构建步伐也进一步加快。 + +## (一)餐饮业数字化加快发展 + +餐饮业表现出强劲的市场潜力,国家统计局数据显示,2020–2022年,全国餐饮收入规模分别达到39527亿元、46895亿元、43941亿元,餐饮业展现出产业韧性和活力。2019年以来,随着大数据、物联网、人工智能、云计算、VR、5G等信息技术加快推广应用,餐饮业数字化普及加快,新的消 + + + +数据来源:国家统计局 + +图 3-1 中国餐饮业收入规模情况(2015–2022 年)(亿元) + +费场景、消费方式、消费渠道加快发展,餐饮业数字化市场展现广阔的发展空间。随着餐饮业数字化基础设施逐步完善,供应链数字化、管理数字化、营销数字化和消费数字化快速发展。餐饮物流、仓储、智能采购体系、上下游工厂等全链路推进数字化。门店数字化管理水平持续提升,大数据选址、餐饮数 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00010.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00010.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..261855767a682358e25c169723c7b9da81dc0871 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00010.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ + + +数据来源:中国社会科学院数量经济与技术经济研究所调查数据 + +图 4-1 餐饮企业数字化程度 + +小微企业在数字化转型过程中面临的问题主要表现在两个方面:一是小微企业数字化转型成本压力大。小微企业资金实力相对弱,美团研究院2021年的问卷数据显示,约有81.41%的餐饮商户年交易额不足20万元。在承担企业日常运营的人工、房租、水电费用等成本外,推动数字化转型成本压力大。二是小微企业的数字化意识不高。部分商户受知识结构等因素影响,还需要进行学习提升数字化知识。对于小微餐饮企业而言,仅仅处于数字化的初级阶段,即上线外卖、扫码支付等大众化数字应用,对于企业长期发展所需的数字运营、品牌管理、餐品优化、原料管理等普及度不高。 + +## 专栏 4-4 中小餐饮企业数字化转型难 + +美团研究院 2020 年针对 9132 个商户进行的问卷调查结果显示,本身营业流水高的商户在使用数字化服务后更容易获得较高的营业流水增长率;同时,本身经营净利率较高的企业在使用数字化服务后也更容易获得较高的营业流水增长率。这说明,在大型餐饮商户和中小餐饮商户之间存在着“数字鸿沟”和“马太效应”,数字化转 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00011.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00011.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5de163ca3ba877234093b9ba61ea32f4bd466c3f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00011.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +## 2.7.2、绿电市场:绿电交易持续扩容,但规模依旧偏小 + +绿电交易的成交价格包括电能量价值和环境价值,因而绿电价值可被视为电能量和绿证捆绑销售后的统一价值体现。从定义来看,绿电交易是在电力中长期市场体系框架内设立的全新交易品种,指符合要求的风电、光电等可再生能源上网电量和部分带补贴的新能源项目,交易通过双边协商、集中撮合、挂牌等方式实现。 + +目前绿电主要在中长期维度交易,部分绿电试点参与现货市场结算,其中约90%的交易电量按合同电量由政府核定的基准价格结算,剩下约10%按照现货市场价格进行偏差结算。绿电价格一般被认为电能量价格与环境溢价之和减去系统消纳成本,前两者分别体现绿电的生产运营成本与环境属性价值。2021年,国网地区绿电溢价为0.03-0.05元/kWh,南网地区约为0.03元/kWh,2022年受煤电价格上涨拉动,部分绿电溢价远超中长期价格,溢价约在0.02-0.1元/kWh。 + +绿电溢价高于绿证价格,两者供需体系较为割裂。绿证的价格在 0.03-0.05 元/kWh,整体来看价格低于绿电溢价。绿电和绿证的差异在于,绿电涉及电力的实物交割,绿证则仅需要交易该证明,即绿证是在绿电买方不清晰的情况下所产生的凭证。去年由于购电企业对物理交割的强刚需,绿电溢价随着电力供应紧缺而上涨,而绿证交易是建立在凭证上的另一套供需体系,不涉及物理交割,市场购买绿证的目的和绿电不一致,因此两个市场依然存在割裂。未来绿证和绿电溢价理应趋同,但这需要两者供需的逐渐放开与重叠和绿电现货市场的推进发展。 + +绿电和绿证覆盖范围的重叠部分不断扩大。根据南方区域和国网的绿电交易规则,我国绿电交易目前仅限于符合标准的风电和光伏项目,未来可逐步扩大到水电等领域。绿证已经实现对可再生能源实现全覆盖,供应端将与绿电逐渐耦合,两者在市场衔接上会更加顺滑。未来交易量扩大后,绿证甚至可对绿电的环境溢价部分起到发现价格的作用。 + +图表 37:新能源参与市场后电力价值体系 + + + +资料来源:北京电力交易中心,东证衍生品研究院 + +图表38:我国绿电交易规模持续增加 + + + +资料来源:国家电网,南方电网,东证衍生品研究院 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00012.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00012.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7c96a790a18cf738187b2d78cb209d0400795539 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00012.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +PPA 分为实体 PPA 和虚拟 PPA。实体 PPA 由购售双方签订,期限多在 10 年以上,一般双方会位于同一市场区域,且必须要通过物理电网进行连接,因此灵活性较差,甚至由于其远期风险较大,还需要电力期货进行对冲;虚拟 PPA 由企业和售电方签订,由于最终支付可为现金结算,其本质上是一种金融价差合约,无需电网物理连接,这使得跨区域的绿电交易成为可能。相比于实体 PPA,虚拟 PPA 相对更灵活,交易量也更大,但跨境监管不充分和绿证循迹困难等风险也被放大。 + +图表40:欧洲实体和虚拟 PPA 跨境交易模式 + + + +资料来源:WBCSD,东证衍生品研究院 + +图表41:欧洲 PPA 年度签订容量 + + + +资料来源:WindEurope,东证衍生品研究院 + +图表42:欧洲各国 PPA 累计签订容量 + + + +资料来源:WindEurope,东证衍生品研究院 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00013.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00013.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..718d7755cfca12ca49f776821d9063d4eb1c1e3c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00013.md @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +图表11:今年以来理财规模持续增长 + + + +来源:Wind,国金证券研究所 + +图表12:山东省某区县级平台不同融资工具成本对比 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
产品类型理财直融工具定向工具一般短期融资券
发行时间2023-02-272023-02-232023-01-13
发行规模(亿元)5158
发行期限12M12M12M
发行成本5.60%5.47%3.90%
同期限国开2.48%2.46%2.30%
信用利差(BP )312301160
+ +来源:Wind,国金证券研究所 + +## 五、市场回顾 + +1、利率债市场:收益率走势分化,10Y-1Y国债期限利差收窄 + +1.1 一级市场:利率债发行数量减少,发行规模环比增加 + +以中债债券分类,9月11日-9月15日,一级市场共发行51只利率债,较前一周减少24只,发行规模5335亿元,发行金额较前一周增加531亿元。 + +图表13:利率债发行数量 + + + +来源:Wind,国金证券研究所 + +图表14:利率债发行金额 + + + +来源:Wind,国金证券研究所 + +上周利率债到期额 4398.64 亿元,本周到期额 1815.83 亿元,下周(09.18 至 09.22)计划发行额 7360.44 亿元。 + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00014.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00014.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..804a0b8ba66330c717e54fd67fec1a5241cb9df5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00014.md @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +图表15:利率债发行、偿还和净融资额 + + + +来源:Wind,国金证券研究所 + +## 1.2 二级市场:收益率走势分化,10Y-1Y 国债期限利差收窄 + +收益率方面,9月11日-9月15日,1年期/10年期国债到期收益率均值分别为2.05%和2.63%,较前一周均值分别上行10.42bp、5.62bp。 + +图表16:中债国债收益率曲线 + + + +来源:Wind,国金证券研究所 + +9月11日-9月15日,3年期、5年期、7年期国债收益率平均值较上周分别上行3.53BP、下行0.72BP、0.38BP,10Y-1Y期限利差有所收窄。 + +图表17:每周国债平均收益率及变动 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
时间区间平均收益率(%)平均收益率变动(BP )
1 年期3 年期5 年期7 年期10 年期1 年期3 年期5 年期7 年期10 年期
9 月11 日-9 月15 日2.11972.34042.47962.63512.62317.213.53-0.72-0.38-0.44
9 月4 日-9 月8 日2.04762.30502.48692.63892.627510.426.387.406.965.62
8 月28 日-9 月1 日1.94342.24122.41292.56922.57125.573.504.723.831.63
8 月21 日-8 月25 日1.88762.20622.36572.53092.55495.77-1.05-1.09-2.87-2.38
8 月14 日-8 月18 日1.82992.21672.37662.55972.57871.76-3.66-4.34-4.94-6.09
+ +来源:Wind,国金证券研究所 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00015.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00015.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..17f01355909dfde564c0edf1e48227aa57b49d64 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00015.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +In addition to considering the uncertainty adjustment factor in equation (4), one can decompose the contributions of the three effects thus far considered: (i) the effect on the expected stochastic discount factor $E[SD F_t] = E[e^{-(\rho + \eta g_t)t}]$ (or equivalently, on the certainty-equivalent discount rate); (ii) the contribution of the covariance of marginal damages and consumption; and (iii) the effect on expected marginal damages.$^7$ Specifically, the uncertainty adjustment can be factored as follows: + +$$ +\underbrace{e^{\frac{1}{2}(\beta - \eta)^2 \sigma_t^2 t^2}}_{\text{Effect of Uncertainty}} = e^{\frac{1}{2}(\beta^2 - 2\beta\eta + \eta^2) \sigma_t^2 t^2} = +$$ +$$ +\underbrace{e^{\frac{1}{2}\eta^2 \sigma_t^2 t^2}}_{\text{Effect on } E[SDF_t]} \quad +\underbrace{e^{-\beta\eta \sigma_t^2 t^2}}_{\text{Risk Adjustment}} \quad +\underbrace{e^{\frac{1}{2}\beta^2 \sigma_t^2 t^2}}_{\text{Effect on } E[MD_t]} \quad (5) +$$ + +The three terms in equation (5) illustrate how the effect of uncertainty in equation (4) explicitly embodies the effects identified in equation (1) on the risk-free discount rate, equation (2) on the risk adjustment to the discount rate, and equation (3) on expected marginal damages. The first two bracketed terms on the right-hand side of equation (5) correspond to the effect of uncertainty on the discount rate, which, as previously demonstrated, serves to increase the risk-adjusted discount rate and therefore decrease the SCC if $\beta > \frac{1}{2}\eta$, a condition that typically holds in standard IAMs. This is the adjustment made by Barrage and Nordhaus (2023), for example. Overall, however, as the growth uncertainty increases the SCC on net, the increase in expected marginal damages represented in the third term of the right-hand side of equation (5) must dominate the first two terms. Hence including the effect of such uncertainty on expected marginal damages is essential for accurately representing the sign of growth uncertainty’s effect on the SCC, let alone its magnitude. + +## 5. Implications of Small or Negative $\beta$ + +Equation (4) is also informative about the effect of the climate beta on the SCC. Some have called for lower discount rates on the grounds of a potentially lower or even negative $\beta$. While it is true that a negative $\beta$ would call for a negative risk premium on the discount rate, as is the case with a positive risk premium, it is not obvious that this lower discount rate would yield a higher SCC when the $\beta$’s offsetting effect on damages is taken into account. In equation (4), this offsetting effect manifests as a smaller $E[DMD_t]$, since when $\beta$ is smaller, both time-zero damages ($\alpha c_0^\beta$) and rate of growth ($\beta \mu_t$) are smaller. On the other hand, the uncertainty adjustment factor is generally larger when $\beta$ is smaller, since it is typically the case that $\beta < \eta$. + +$^{7}$ I thank David Smith for this suggestion. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00016.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00016.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6622f3fe0abfb8fa397ef42ce23a803ef9aff50b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00016.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +推出的Viosport Adventure Cam允许用户在辅助设备的帮助下进行户外环境下的摄像。随着运动相机分辨率不断提升、技术水平不断提高,这一阶段出现了较多经典的运动相机产品。 +这一阶段的特征是市场规模的快速扩大,品牌竞争加剧,消费者需求的多样化以及行业内的产业链不断完善。此时,一些较大的公司进入市场,并且开始注重品牌和质量的建设,产品的质量和技术水平逐渐提高。行业内也开始有了更规范的生产和管理,一些知名品牌如GoPro等开始在市场上崭露头角,对于整个行业的发展起到了积极的推动作用。 + +## 高速发展期 · 2015~2023 + +2015年至今,GoPro等运动相机品牌进入中国,本土品牌利用成本优势给GoPro造成了极大的销售压力。部分本土企业长期为GoPro代工,积累了丰富的运动相机生产经验,也为后来的Insta360等国产运动相机品牌代工,一定程度上帮助本土品牌压低产品价格,并实现由概念设计到最终产品的快速迭代。 +市场竞争非常激烈,市场规模迅速增长,同时品牌竞争也非常激烈。此时,整个行业的产品品质和技术水平都达到了一个新的高度,行业内的产业链也不断完善,涵盖了从传感器、镜头、影像处理芯片到电池、存储卡、显示屏、手持支架等多个领域。此时的消费者对于运动相机的需求和使用也越来越多元化,不仅可以用于记录极限运动、旅游等,也可以用于短视频、直播等多个领域。总的来说,这一阶段是中国运动相机行业发展的黄金时期,对于整个行业的发展产生了深远的影响。 + + + +## 中国运动相机产业链分析 + +运动相机产业链由上游、中游和下游组成,上游环节是运动相机硬件、软件与配件供应商,代表企业有佳能、尼康、索尼等;中游环节是运动相机生产商、品牌商与渠道商,代表企业有影石创新、柯达、福云明等;下游环节是运动相机销售渠道及消费者群体,代表相关方有淘宝、苏宁易购、京东、跳伞公司等。运动相机的产业链非常复杂,涉及多个环节和领域的协同合作。需要在传感器、镜头、设计生产等多个领域的专业人士协同配合,才能生产出一款质量稳定、性能优越的运动相机。 + +上游领域:在传感器和芯片制造环节,主要关注产品性能和技术创新,传感器和芯片在上游产业链占据重要地位,其中中国的豪威科技亮点频频。镜头制造环节,主要关注成像效果和适用场景,光学原材料、光学元件组件在光学镜头产业链中占据重要地位,上游光学元器件供应商的议价能力较高。目前,全球的光学元器件主要集中在德国、日本、韩国、和中国台湾地区,其中德国、日本占据光学元器件行业技术的制高点。与德国、日本相 + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00017.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00017.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4cd1be30a1e2138cb37bf2ff44b0e2ce05e09460 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00017.md @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
[10]政策名称颁布主体生效日期影响
《扩大和升级信息消费三年行动计
划(2018-2020年)》
工信部、国家发改委2018-077
政策内容提升消费电子产品供给创新水平,利用物联网、大数据、云计算、人工智能等技术推动电子产品智能化升级,提升手机、计算机、彩色电视机、音箱等各类终端产品的中高端供给体系质量,推进智能可穿戴设
备、虚拟/增强现实、超高清终端设备、消费类无人机等产品的研发及产业化,加快超高清视频在社会各行业应用普及。
政策解读《扩大和升级信息消费三年行动计划(2018 -2020 年)》中提到的措施,特别是利用物联网、大数据、云计算、人工智能等技术推动电子产品智能化升级,将对运动相机行业产生积极影响。运动相机是一种特殊的消费电子产品,主要应用于运动场景中的拍摄,以满足人们对于记录运动轨迹、分享运动经验等方面的需求。随着消费者对于运动健康的关注度不断提高,运动相机的市场需求也在不断增加。然而,传统的运动相机往往只具备基本的拍摄功能,难以满足消费者对于拍摄效果、使用体验等方面的需求。通过推动电子产品智能化升级,运动相机制造商可以将物联网、大数据、云计算、人工智能等技术应用于产品设计、
制造和运营过程中,以提高产品的性能、功能和用户体验。例如,可以将人工智能算法应用于画面处理和运动跟踪,以提高拍摄效果和稳定性;可以将物联网技术应用于设备连接和远程控制,以方便用户操作和管理;可以将大数据和云计算技术应用于数据收集和分析,以帮助用户更好地了解自己的运动状态和健康状况。此外,《扩大和升级信息消费三年行动计划(2018 -2020 年)》中提到的措施还将促进运动相机的供给体系升级,推动中高端产品的研发和产业化。这将有助于提高运动相机的品质和竞争力,同时也将为消费者提供更多、更好的选择。
政策性质指导性政策
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
[10]政策名称颁布主体生效日期影响
《推动重点消费品更新升级畅通资源循环利用实施方案(2019-2020 年)》国家发改委、生态环境部、商务部2019-067
政策内容聚焦汽车、家电、消费电子产品领域,进一步巩固产业升级势头,增强市场消费活力,提升消费支撑能力, 畅通资源循环利用,促进形成强大国内市场,实现产业高质量发展。
《推动重点消费品更新升级畅通资源循环利用实施方案(2019-2020 年)》是国家关于消费品更新升级的具体实施方案,旨在通过政策引导和市场导向,加快推进重点消费品更新升级,提高产品质量和技术水平,实现资源循环利用,推进可持续发展。对于运动相机行业而言,该实施方案对其具有积极的影响。首先,实施方案鼓励企业加大研发力度,推动产品质量和技术水平的提升,这将促进运动相机行业的技术创
diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00018.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00018.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d8f29b92939434a15fc7b649c7a36f8c524da93a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00018.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +## 5G+TSN 联合测试床: + +## 5G Over TSN 前传网络发展及验证报告 + +## (2022 年版) + +工业互联网产业联盟 + +2023年9月 + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00019.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00019.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d5314dc1eda9cabc57a47a2c6cef3d7aa4186d11 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00019.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +## 2023年TikTok在西欧的发展趋势报告 + +该应用提供了一个价值10亿月活用户和30亿美元的机会 + +【出海广告 就选维卓】 + +关注我们,获取最新出海营销干货报告 + + + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00020.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00020.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d4f517df748bc11d8927bfe3fdfd6bd42e55bcad --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00020.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +## TikTok用户在西欧增长强劲,但仍落后于其他地区。 + +TikTok在西欧的用户增长与全球其他地区一样令人印象深刻,尽管在大流行期间见证的高速增长已经过去。尽管如此,该地区的用户规模仍然位于全球用户排名的较低位置。 + +· TikTok明年在西欧的用户将超过1亿用户。在我们的其他预测中,该平台在大流行最严重时看到的巨大增长正被更放缓的个位数增长所取代。尽管有这种减速,但到2026年,用户将占总人口的四分之一。 + +· 这为市场营销人员提供了一个相当大的目标受众。在我们对英国的预测中,我们发现TikTok与平台用户花费的时间Netflix持平,每天几乎一个小时。这种程度的参与度可能并不是在整个地区普遍存在的,但假设用户情绪类似,该平台应该会对希望接触到社交媒体用户的营销人员越来越感兴趣,尤其是令人垂涎的Z一代群体。 + +在西欧的TikTo用户,2020-2027年人口%变化 + + + +注:通过每月至少一次的任何设备访问其TikTok账户的互联网用户来源:Insider Intelligence | eMarketer, 2023年5月 + +· 只有中欧和东欧的用户较少。今年,TikTok将在西欧拥有9650万用户。虽然这将不会远远落后于北美的市场1.115亿美元,将大大低于拉丁美洲、中东和非洲以及亚太地区的用户数量。作为人口占人口的比例情况更好。西欧有22.4%的总人口活跃在该平台上,仅次于北美和拉丁美洲。 + +西欧是 TikTok 用户总数第二少的地区数百万用户(2023 年) + + + +注意:每月至少一次通过任何设备访问其 TikTok 帐户的互联网用户 来源:内幕情报 | 电子营销商。2023 年 5 月 + +## TikTok在该地区的普及程度在各个国家之间不均衡。 + +在西欧,有一种用户增长的双重模式。在意大利、西班牙和法国,经济增长自疫情爆发以来已经放缓。与此同时,德国和英国都将继续看到持续的增长。 + +· 英国正在以最快的速度增加用户,但德国也在保持同步增长。在疫情流行的年份,主要西欧市场普遍经历了超高速增长。从今年开始,法国、意大利和西班牙将开始以低于英国和德国的速度增加用户。2023年,这两个市场将分别增加150万用户,而其他三个市场将共增加190万用户。 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00021.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00021.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c5be8355871c37a880436c2862326c545f553e25 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00021.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +TikTok将在德国和英国以类似的速度增加用户,但在其他地方,增加的用户将减少数百万用户 + + + +注意:每月至少一次通过任何设备访问其 TikTok 帐户的互联网用户来源:内部人士情报 | eMarketer,2023 年 5 月 + +## TikTok仍然在Facebook和Instagram之后,差距较大。 + +西欧的社交媒体平台格局仍然在很大程度上偏向Meta旗下的社交媒体。TikTok开始逐渐迎头赶上它们,特别是Facebook,后者正在失去整体用户份额。但Facebook和Instagram的领先地位仍然稳固。 + +· TikTok已经巩固了其作为No.3在西欧的社交应用程序。由于大流行期间用户数量大幅激增,TikTok在2021年超过了Snapchat,根据我们的预测,两者之间的差距将会扩大。 + +· 这并没有以任何巨大的速度侵蚀Instagram的主导地位。在英国以外,Facebook,尤其是Instagram,都保持了更高水平的重要性;TikTok将继续远远落后于这两个平台,但当Instagram继续获得市场份额时,TikTok正在占据一些空间,尽管进展缓慢。从2023年到2027年,它的市场份额将增加1.3个百分点。 + +· 它在Facebook网站上增长得更快。与Instagram不同,Facebook实际上在西欧的市场份额正在下降。因此,TikTok将在2023年至2027年期间实现更快的增长,达到近4个百分点。 + +TikTok Is退出Snapchat,但仍落后于Facebook和Instagram 西欧用户占人口的百分比 + + + +注:每月至少一次通过任何设备访问其帐户的互联网用户来源: +内幕情报 | eMarketer,2023 年 5 月 + +· 西欧TikTok的潮流比一些地区稍微温和一些。这仍然应该是市场营销人员武器库中的一个重要考虑因素,未来的增长潜力可能会长期改变该地区的社交媒体动态。但Meta平台仍然应该是首要任务。他们对TikTok的用户渗透率要求其处于领先地位。 + +## TikTok在西欧地区具有巨大的广告潜力,但监管措施可能带来挑战。 + +根据2021年的公司文件和建模的增长率,从广告收入方面看,西欧市场对TikTok来说今年可能价值接近30亿美元,略低于美国市场的一半。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00022.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00022.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..867caf646ccf8b3a438aa9a80566a4d8a0358928 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00022.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +少建筑垃圾,降低劳动强度。还是实现传统模板材料转型升级的重要措施,更重要的是为社会节约资源,降低消耗,减少污染,为保护环境起到了积极作用,已然是我国绿色施工所倡导的建筑施工模板之一 + +## (一)2023年上半年建筑塑料模板行业总体情况 + +据中国基建物租赁承包协会统计测算,截至2023年上半年,全国建筑市场现有建筑塑料模板总量2100万平方米,环比上升1.6个百分点。建筑塑料模板产业研发设计、生产加工、租赁承包相关企业110余家,各类建筑塑料模板生产线近350条。年内全国建筑塑料模板生产销售、租赁承包收入36.1亿元,较上年同期增长1.4%。建筑塑料模板保有量稳步提升,使用量占模板市场份额的10%左右,并逐步扩大,发展更趋体系化。建筑业处于市场发展速度换挡期、体制机制改革阵痛期、产业转型升级缓冲期,高质量发展面临诸多困难:如经营创收困难、应收账款增加、资金回报周期拉长等问题,我国建筑塑料模板行业企业依然取得了来之不易的成绩,未来行业发展机遇与挑战并存。 + +## (二)2023年上半年建筑塑料模板生产企业运行发展指数走势 + +2023 年上半年建筑塑料模板生产企业运行发展指数呈现,1、2月行业经历岁末年初的季节性调整,指数低位上扬。3月为需求释放缓冲期,较2月继续走高,4月、5月指数出现汇率,6月跌落至收缩调整区间并延续至7月。2023年上半年建筑塑料模板生产企业运 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00023.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00023.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6529cf79bbc2163591007f012c7f789b5dddcc3c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00023.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + + +图 9 2023 年上半年企业建筑塑料模板业务涉及项目占比 + +2023 年上半年企业在建工程开工量继续减少,企业在建工程开工量增加的占比仅为 18.5%;企业在建工程开工量持平的占比为 11.1%。企业在建工程开工量减少的占比为 59.3%。2023 年上半年企业在建工程开工量占比(见图 10)。 + + + +图 10 2023 年上半年企业在建工程开工量占比 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00024.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00024.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d62e33d4b3104c7bf354a02390c8a59f6ec0b0b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00024.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +加快推进资本市场长效机制建设,优化投资者结构,引导更多中长期资金入市,有望带来国企价值重塑。 + +政策端来看,鼓励长期机构投资者入市,已经成为近年来重要的政策方向。 + +一方面,近年来政策鼓励长期机构投资者增加持股比例。2022 年 3 月 16 日,国务院金融稳定发展委员会召开专题会议强调,欢迎长期机构投资者增加持股比例。会后,中国证监会党委召开扩大会议,提出完善有利于长期机构投资者参与资本市场的制度机制,加大对公募基金等各类机构投资者的培育,鼓励长期投资、价值投资。中国银保监会提出,要充分发挥保险资金长期投资的优势,引导保险机构将更多资金配置于权益类资产。要加大权益类资管产品发行力度,支持理财公司提高权益类产品比重,保险机构发行组合类产品。 + +2022 年 4 月 21 日,证监会主席易会满召开全国社保基金和部分大型银行保险机构主要负责人座谈会。会议提出,养老金、银行保险机构和各类资管机构是资本市场最为重要的长期资金来源。一是要增强投资能力,从战略规划上重视权益投资;二是,推进落实长周期考核,强化长期投资理念;三是,发挥专业投资者功能,推动上市公司提高质量;四是,用好用足权益投资额度,进一步扩大权益投资比例,提升长期收益水平。 + +当前我国社保、保险类资金的权益类资产配置占比不高,未来存在较大提升空间。根据相关监管规定¹,我国社保基金投资于股票的比例上限为 40%,基本养老基金在股票等权益类产品的比例上限为 30%;年金基金投资权益类资产比例合计不得超过投资组合委托投资资产净值的 40%,税延养老保险资金投资股票比例不超过 45%。截至 2021 年,美国第二支柱(DC 计划)和第三支柱(IRA 计划)投向权益型共同基金的占比高达 60%,我国仍存在很大提升空间。 + +另一方面,养老金三大支柱体系有待进一步完善,二三支柱养老资金入市存在较大增量空间。2022年11月25日,我国第三支柱个人养老金制度正式启动实施,这标志着我国第三支柱养老保险建设进入一个新阶段。但目前来看,我国养老金面临“三低”困境,即养老金占GDP比例低,二三支柱占比低,养老金持股比例低。截至2021年底,我国养老基金总计为12.9万亿元,占到2021年现价GDP的11.3%。而美国三支柱养老金规模总计39万亿美元,占GDP的169%;二三支柱占比来看,截至2021年底,我国三支柱养老金内部结构占比分别为57.1%、42.9%和0.01%$^2$,而美国养老金资产三支柱占比分别为6%、58%和35%(详见图9)。我国二三支柱养老金规模存在较大增长空间。 + +图9:美国养老金结构中,以二三支柱养老金为主 + + + +资料来源:wind,光大证券研究所(数据截至2021年,年金为第一支柱,DB、DC为第二支柱,个人退休账户为第三支柱) + +图 10:美国二支柱与第三支柱投向股票型共同基金比例 + + + +资料来源:wind,光大证券研究所(数据截至2021年,单位:%,图中黄色虚线表示60%) + +$^1$https://finance.sina.com.cn/money/bank/yhpl/2023-03-03/doc-imyiqhat7670082.shtml + +² https://finance.sina.com.cn/money/bank/yhpl/2023-03-03/doc-imyiqhat7670082.shtml diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00025.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00025.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ed18ef07c980f22566a4f276e74379f5609e9e97 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00025.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +## 二、五个空间:“世界一流央企”重估选股思路 + +## (一)选股视角之一:ROE修复空间 + +对标国际龙头,部分世界一流示范企具备ROE修复空间,尤其是煤炭、旅游零售、工程机械、化工等行业,对标世界一流企业行动倒逼央企价值创造。央企23年“一利五率”经营目标新增ROE指标,对标国际龙头,煤炭、旅游零售、工程机械、化工等行业的世界一流示范企与国际龙头差距相对较大。 + +表4: 世界一流示范央企国际对标表 + + + +
证券代码股票简称PB(LF)ROE (TTM,%)行业对标公司代码对标公司名称PB(LF)ROE (TTM,%)
600019.SH宝钢股份0.76材料PKX.N浦项钢铁0.610
000825.SZ太钢不锈0.71材料GEF.N格瑞夫1.622
600176.SH中国巨石2.127材料EXP.NEAGLE MATERIALS4.537
688295.SH中复神鹰7.511材料CMC.N美国工商五金公司1.534
300073.SZ当升科技2.517材料BTG.AB2GOLD1.58
601698.SH中国卫通6.05电信服务CHT.N中华电信2.610
600941.SH中国移动1.510电信服务VZ.N威瑞森电信(VERIZON)1.822
002230.SZ科大讯飞9.38信息技术PAYC.NPAYCOM SOFTWARE15.523
600845.SH宝信软件11.921信息技术
600271.SH航天信息1.86信息技术SANM.O新美亚电子1.614
601088.SH中国神华1.418能源EQNR.NEQUINOR ASA1.757
601857.SH中国石油0.810能源SHEL.N壳牌1.123
601808.SH中海油服1.82能源ENTG.O格瑞夫3.89
601888.SH中国中免7.812可选消费LVS.N金沙集团(LAS VEGAS SANDS)11.348
000625.SZ长安汽车1.912可选消费GM.N通用汽车(GENERAL MOTORS)0.813
601965.SH中国汽研4.112可选消费THO.NTHOR
INDUSTRIE
S
1.132
000617.SZ中油资本0.96金融ARCC.O阿瑞斯资本1.019
001289.SZ龙源电力2.310公用事业BEPC.NBROOKFIELD
D
RENEWABL
2.216
003816.SZ中国广核1.49公用事业
601985.SH中国核电1.511公用事业
+ diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00026.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00026.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..63464807007b16b4bf217fc6c3b495984a90c02f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00026.md @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +## 中信证券研究部 + + + +明明 + +中信证券首席经济 + 学家 + +S1010517100001 + + + +华鹏伟 + +电力设备与新能源 +行业首席分析师 + +S1010521010007 + + + +敖翀 + +金属行业首席 +分析师 + +S1010515020001 + + + +薛缘 + +食品饮料行业首席 +分析师 + +S1010514080007 + +## 重点推荐 + +## 债市启明系列—二季度信用市场期待与展望 + +固定收益 | 2022 年末债市调整为 2023 年信用市场打开配置空间后, 信用市场在一季度也如期完成抢跑, 信用利差整体下行, 融资情绪明显回暖。而迈入二季度, 市场心态呈现多空拉锯的态势, 既有行情延续的期待, 也有防范市场回调的谨慎。除此之外, 融资端能否延续回暖表现, 债基监管指引又将如何影响市场, 违约风险是否有蔓延趋势, 种种疑问将影响二季度信用市场走势, 我们也将在文中逐一进行拆解。 + +## 电力设备及新能源行业储能行业专题四—兼具清洁性与灵活性,政策支持空间开启 + +电力设备及新能源 | 光热发电兼具发电和储能特性,满足灵活性能源需求,叠加政策驱动,预计 “十四五” 期间快速开启规模化发展。光热产业链国产化较高,主要成本来自于太阳岛(含聚光系统和吸热系统),我们预计光热行业规模化发展将带动产业链降本和效率提高。结合风光大基地在火电、抽蓄基础上配置辅助性灵活能源需求,预计 “十四五” 期间开启快速增长新增装机规模 4-5GW,对应 640-800 亿 EPC 市场空间。 + +## 金属行业工业金属专题报告—经济复苏主线下工业金属迎来配置机遇 + +金属 | 全球流动性拐点来临以及制造业 PMI 的 “V 型反转” 预期利好工业金属价格上行。我们预计地产消费复苏和电力投资保持高景气将成为 2023 年工业金属需求的两大核心驱动因素。“中国特色估值体系” 和 “国企改革” 双重主题下,工业金属板块估值水平有望抬升。看好经济复苏主线下工业金属板块的配置机遇,推荐云铝股份、紫金矿业、洛阳钼业、金诚信、云南铜业和神火股份,建议关注中国铝业、中国有色矿业和中国黄金国际等。 + +## 食品饮料行业餐饮供应链深度系列报告—从锅圈申请上市,看 C 端预制食材发展未来 + +食品饮料 | 2023 年 4 月 3 日,锅圈食品递交港股上市申请书,为我们提供了更多 C 端预制食材数据和视角。本篇报告立足 C 端预制食材市场,重点阐述:1. 锅圈食品的过去、现在和未来发展探讨;2. C 端预制食材发展特点和渠道演变;3. 结合日本经验,看中国 C 端预制食材发展的短期节奏和长期趋势。 + +证券研究报告 + +具体分析内容(包括相关风险提示等)详见后文, + +请务必阅读正文之后第 18 页起的免责条款和声明 + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00027.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00027.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..df58043c4a0777fece0e3407fb0c883fce13c495 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00027.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +图表38:美国养老金及保险机构直接持有中资股规模有限 + + + +资料来源:FactSet,中金公司研究部 + +图表 39:美国共同基金资金来源中养老金计划占比超半数 + + + +资料来源:ICI,中金公司研究部 + +## #2 私人部门投资:持仓主要集中在媒体娱乐及零售,硬科技敞口有限 + +私人部门整体持仓较高,但不排除涉及到特定行业或个股;当前持仓更多集中在媒体娱乐、零售等板块,硬科技敞口有限。如上文测算,美国投资者当前更多持仓集中在媒体娱乐、零售板块(如阿里巴巴、腾讯、拼多多等),硬科技相关敞口较为有限。例如,美国投资者持有半导体板块中资股(以MSCI指数为例)仅占其持有全部中资股的0.9%,约75亿美元。资金流向上看,2022年下半年以来专注于投资中国科技板块股票型基金主要以本土资金为主。 + +图表 40:2022 年下半年以来专注于投资中国科技板块股票型基金主要以本土资金为主 + + + +资料来源:EPFR,中金公司研究部 + +图表 41:美国投资者持有半导体行业中资股(以 MSCI 指数为例)仅约 75 亿美元 + + + +资料来源:FactSet,中金公司研究部(数据截至2023年3月31日) diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00028.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00028.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..63d4ca83fa411052e2bfbf9405425c854dc7639c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00028.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +图5:本周北上交易盘净卖出 TMT、宁组合,净买入资源+重资产国企 + + + +资料来源:wind,民生证券研究院 + +图6:本周北上配置盘净卖出 TMT,净买入资源+重资产国企、宁组合 + + + +资料来源:wind,民生证券研究院 + +图7:公募基金复权净值持续跑赢中证800等权指数超过30% + + + +资料来源:wind,民生证券研究院 + +## 2、国内:底部与“结构分化” + +中国一季度经济总量数据表现亮眼,但结构上仍然存在分化。当下劳动力18-24岁失业率正逼近前期高点,我们可能正接近的真实的周期性经济底部,而不是此前因为疫情爬坑带来的“弱复苏”。此时看空中国经济已无实质性必要,可以对未来基本面更具信心。但是不可否认的是,以地产——资产收入驱动的消费模式似乎一去不复返,中国一季度GDP表现超预期,尤其是社零同比表现亮眼,其中微观上民间消费、县域消费更像是经济的内生力量,而不 + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00029.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00029.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..babbb966d17e37e486d7d185665198c2fdcd3098 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00029.md @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ + +## AI 系列:AI 赋能数字人变数智人,丰富应用场景加速落地 + +## 核心观点 + +● 虚拟数字人产业规模为千亿级别,行业尚处发展早期。虚拟数字人最早起源于影视行业,后逐渐拓展到泛娱乐、电商、营销、企业服务等多领域,目前仍旧处于发展初期阶段。虚拟数字人的产业链主要分为:基础层(虚拟人所需基础硬件、软件提供商)、平台层(提供虚拟人制作和开发能力的技术服务商,参与者包括AI厂商、互联网大厂、虚拟技术解决方案提供商)、应用层(即在泛娱乐、电商、金融、文旅等垂类的应用)。根据“量子位”的预测,2023年我国虚拟数字人的市场规模有望达到2700亿元。 + +● AI 技术突破,虚拟数字人进入新发展阶段,由“数字人”变成“数智人”,交互能力上台阶。人工智能技术贯穿虚拟数字人的建模、渲染、生成、驱动等全部环节,近期 AIGC 的技术突破,一方面使数字人的制作成本降低、制作周期缩短、门槛降低;另一方面,多模态 AI 技术将使得数字人的交互能力更上台阶,思想决策和语言输出更接近真人(不再只是数字“皮囊”,叠加了智能的“灵魂”)。目前微软、百度、腾讯、抖音等各大平台已经开始提供相关数字人服务,总结各家平台提供的解决方案,可推测后续虚拟数字人的落地形态主要有:播报型数字人(基于文本生成视频,提升内容生成效率)、交互型数字人(应用场景广泛,涵盖 B 端和 C 端)、智能语音助手(可搭载于 IoT 设备)等。 + +● 低成本的虚拟数字人解决方案逐步进入市场,受众范围有望快速扩大。此前数字人的制作、运营成本高,因此主要受众为大型企业、机构。而随着技术数字人的技术逐渐标准化、模块化,除了满足大型客户的定制化需求,面对中小商户的标准化数字人解决方案也逐步出现,使用价格大幅降低。例如“万兴播爆”提供的数字人短视频播报服务年费仅千元级别;“腾讯智影”提供的数字人SaaS工具,年花费万元就可实现定制化形象、声音数字人的生成,4月腾讯智影即将上线“千元级别,包月使用”的数字人直播解决方案。 + +● 虚拟数字人的应用场景丰富(电商、营销、泛娱乐、企业服务等),预计近期落地加速。在数字人的制作成本降低、交互能力提升的背景下,虚拟人的应用快速铺开:1)在电商领域,万兴科技提供的数字人播报服务可帮助商家快速生成带货短视频;而在直播方面,目前已有商家在抖音平台使用2D超写实数字人进行直播带货,单日成本仅百元级别。2)营销领域,过去2-3年,虚拟人品牌代言、企业专属虚拟形象定制的服务已逐步成熟,预计随着数字人交互能力的提升,数字人将参与到营销领域的更多环节;3)金融、政务、文旅等企业的数字员工:目前已有公司提供AI数字人产品,可基于企业私有数据生成小模型,使数字人的服务能力更有针对性、更适配垂类应用。 + +## 投资建议与投资标的 + +AI 赋能虚拟数字人使用门槛降低、交互效果改善,建议关注产业链细分赛道投资机会。 + +1)虚拟数字人解决方案提供商:天娱数科(002354,未评级)、捷成股份(300182,未评级)、天地在线(002995,未评级); + +2)头部达人直播电商机构:遥望科技(002291,未评级)、东方甄选(01797,买入)、世纪睿科(01450,未评级); + +3)布局数字人业务的电商营销/代运营:蓝色光标(300058,未评级)、值得买(300785,买入)、浙文互联(600986,未评级)、三人行(605168,未评级); + +3)跨境电商:华凯易佰(300592,未评级)、焦点科技(002315,未评级)、吉宏股份(002803,未评级)。 + +风险提示 AIGC 技术升级速度慢于预期,虚拟数字人应用落地速度不及预期 + +## 行业评级 看好(维持) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
国家/地区中国
行业传媒行业
报告发布日期2023年04月26日
+ + + +## 证券分析师 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
项雯倩021-63325888*6128
xiangwenqian@orientsec.com.cn
执业证书编号:S0860517020003
香港证监会牌照:BQP120
吴丛露wuconglu@orientsec.com.cn
执业证书编号:S0860520020003
香港证监会牌照:BJQ931
李雨琪021-63325888-3023
liyuqi@orientsec.com.cn
执业证书编号:S0860520050001
香港证监会牌照:BQP135
詹博021-63325888*3209
zhanbo@orientsec.com.cn
执业证书编号:S0860521110001
崔凡平021-63325888*6065
cuifanping@orientsec.com.cn
执业证书编号:S0860521050003
+ +## 相关报告. + +教育 AI 应用场景广泛,国内有望加速推进:——教育行业跟踪点评 2023-04-24 + +亚运会有望催化电竞游戏用户进一步增长 2023-04-21 + +AI 跟踪:AI 数字人应用落地加速,相关产业政策跟进 2023-04-21 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00030.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00030.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ad29395df2511b6ee7de3340734be26f9030ad86 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00030.md @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +图 5:个人住房贷款利率领先地产销售 1-2 个季度 + + + +资料来源:Wind、国泰君安期货研究 + +图6:地产销售领先地产投资6-9个月 + + + +资料来源:Wind、国泰君安期货研究 + +## 1.2 逆周期政策从退出到回归 + +从外生性因素来看,由于政策面认为今年宏观经济趋稳,故政策面强调高质量发展,政策重心向科技转型,产业升级倾斜。对比2022年公共卫生事件严峻时期的稳增长政策,包括地产三支箭、政策性开发性金融工具等,今年均毫无踪迹。 + +图 7:5 月,虽然经济走弱,但逆周期政策依然不见踪影,政策发力点集中在调结构、促转型方面 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
日期内容
2023/5/5习近平主持召开二十届中央财经委员会第一次会议强调,加快建设以实体经济为支撑的现代化产业体系,推动传统产业转型升级,不能当成“低端产业”简单退出;以人口高质量发展支撑中国式现代化。
2023/5/5李强主持召开国务院常务会议,审议通过关于加快发展先进制造业集群的意见,部署加快建设充电基础设施 更好支持新能源汽车下乡和乡村振兴。
2023/5/8科技部与国资委召开工作会商会议:坚决打赢关键核心技术攻坚战。科技部与国务院国资委召开工作会商会议,共同深入学习贯彻习近平总书记关于科技创新的重要论述,贯彻落实党中央、国务院决策部署,共同研究政策措施,支持推动中央企业建设科技领军企业,强化国家战略科技力量。
2023/5/10习近平在河北雄安新区考察并主持召开高标准高质量推进雄安新区建设座谈会时强调,坚定信心保持定力,稳扎稳打善作善成,推动雄安新区建设不断取得新进展。
2023/5/11国资委:指导推动中央企业加大在新一代信息技术、人工智能、集成电路、工业母机等战略性新兴产业布局力度
2023/5/12发改委:加快发展数字经济 支持平台企业在引领发展、创造就业、国际竞争中大显身手
2023/5/12发改委:综合施策释放消费潜力 稳定汽车、电子产品、住房等大宗消费
2023/5/17两部门:支持农村地区购买使用新能源汽车 提供多元化购买支持政策
2023/5/18李强:采取更有针对性措施扩内需稳外需,努力推动经济运行持续回升向好
2023/5/19国常会:研究落实建设全国统一大市场部署总体工作方案和近期举措
2023/5/23习近平主持召开二十届中央审计委员会第一次会议,强调发挥审计在推进党的自我革命中的独特作用,进一步推进新时代审计工作高质量发展
2023/5/29中共中央政治局5 月29 日下午就建设教育强国进行第五次集体学习。习近平在主持学习时强调,建设教育强国,龙头是高等教育。要把加快建设中国特色、世界一流的大学和优势学科作为重中之重,大力加强基础学科、新兴学科、交叉学科建设,瞄准世界科技前沿和国家重大战略需求推进科研创新,不断提升原始创新能力和人才培养质量
+ +资料来源:公开资料整理、国泰君安期货研究 + +政策已进入新一轮宽松。由于国内经济数据表现疲软,加上结构性失业率回升的因素,例如2023年5月,16-24岁青年失业率升至20.8%的高位,延续了自2019年下半年以来持续上行的趋势。市场对政策宽松的呼声也在加大。最终,从5月底开始,政策面出现重心向稳增长重新倾斜的信号。 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00031.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00031.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1b4de6e82fe3a81639bf93b238c9dd15c7646052 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00031.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +## 国内供需正在确立新的平衡点 + +## 显微镜下的中国经济(2023年第23期)定期报告 + +6月指标整体结束此前快速下滑的状态,价格高频指标领先供给高频指标企稳回升,这既是国内经济环比筑底的信号,也是供需确立新平衡点的信号。无论短期内有无政策,国内经济都将重回复苏区间。 + +☐ 6月最后一周的高频数据显示国内经济仍处于环比增速的底部区域,继续恶化的可能性进一步下降。从供给侧高频数据看,开工率略有改善,产能利用率形势保持稳定,产量有所回升。从需求侧价格高频数据看,除水泥等相关产品价格继续下跌之外,与投资相关的重化工业品价格的改善时点领先于供给侧高频数据。 + +☐ 消费相关高频数据显示,人员出行数据过去一周大幅改善。9大城市地铁客流量再次回到3.9亿人次的高位区间,国内民航班机架次继续回升,显著高于去年同期水平。上周房地产销售数据明显回暖,但从二手房挂牌价及挂牌量数据看,房地产销售改善持续性可能有限。二季度央行城镇储户调查问卷显示,愿意更多消费的储户占比较1季度提升1.3个百分点至24.5%,这是疫情以来的第三高水平。 + +☐ 总之,我们认为不能简单地线性外推下半年经济形势,高频数据和领先指标PMI在6月均传递出经济边际不再恶化的信号。目前的问题在于,6月经济环比增速企稳后,何时环比增速再次上升。这个问题的答案不在政策博弈,而在准确判断经济运行所处的位置。制造业PMI、工业企业盈利数据均显示,国内经济正处于主动去库向被动去库的过渡期,主要动力在于消费-服务业链条,而投资-制造业链条对经济拖累也在下降。供给高频数据触底而价格高频数据提前回升表明当前国内供需正在确立新的平衡点。 + +☐ 风险提示:疫情形势超预期、地缘政治风险、全球衰退及主要经济体货币政策超预期。 + +## 定期报告 + +张一平 S1090513080007 + +zhangyiping@cmschina.com.cn + +张静静 S1090522050003 + +zhangjingjing@cmschina.com.cn diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00032.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00032.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43b08e44b90113e0a3b9fb4e853d9a312f9e3888 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00032.md @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +## 人民币汇率分析框架(一) +# 资金流动视角看汇率 +2023年07月03日 + +汇率研究看似虚无缥缈,实际上也是有迹可循的,我们从三个问题出发: + +首先,汇率本质是外汇资金供需的结果,但是国际收支能否完全反映真实的外汇供需?其次,汇率实际是金融市场交易的结果,那么人民币汇率是如何形成的?最后,如果汇率是经济基本面的反映,那么汇率是否可能脱离经济基本面运行?为解答以上的问题,并提供一个可以跟踪的汇率分析框架,本文将是我们人民币汇率分析框架的第一篇。本篇将解释国际收支研究框架为何失效,并尝试从资金流动视角,搭建境内外汇流动框架。 + +## 国际收支不等于资金流动 + +传统研究框架中,往往将一国国际收支等同于资金跨境流动的情况,但是国际收支统计并不完全等同于资金流动,其背后逻辑是,国际收支的统计基础较为简单,以居民与非居民为标准进行统计,但实际资金活动复杂程度远高于此。 + +既然国际收支并不能提供有效的资金流动信息,那么如何才能构建资金流动性的完整图景?答案是跟踪跨境资金流动+跟踪央行的行为。 + +## 影响境内外汇流动性的核心变量是跨境资金流动 + +与国际收支下顺逆差的视角不同,境内外资金流动性实际上在收付款环节就已经发送变动。以企业收汇为例,无论企业结汇与否,这笔美元均进入了境内,企业与商业银行结汇后,这笔外汇所有权由企业转移到银行。 + +所以跨境资金收付数据能很好的体现实际跨境资金流动情况。接下来,我们来分析跨境收付数据展示的,当前中国跨境资金流动的现状。 + +## 中国跨境资金流动特征:银行部门规模小于非银,非银部门仍由贸易主导 + +跨境资金流动的特征与一国产业结构、融资模式以及居民偏好相关。 + +中国银行业在国际金融体系中的影响力并不与中国经济在全球中的地位匹配,当前中国银行部门跨境资金流动规模小于非银部门。 + +当前非银部门跨境资金流动呈现三个特点: + +首先,中国作为贸易大国,货物贸易也自然而然成为了非银部门跨境资金是第一大净流入分项。 + +其次,海外对中国的直接投资一直是企业资金重要来源,但中国企业较少在海外进行债务融资,直接投资是非银部门资金净流入的第二大来源。 + +最后,证券投资、服务贸易、初次收入和二次收入是非银部门跨境资金净流出项。 + +## 除跨境资金流动外,央行可以调节境内外汇流动性 + +除银行和非银部门活动产生跨境资金流动,影响境内外流动性外。央行也可以通过与银行进行交易,扮演外汇流动性调节的角色,调节境内外汇资金平衡。当前央行不一定与商业银行进行结售汇活动,但一旦商业银行与央行结汇,相当于这笔美元流动性从银行和非银部门流出,反之亦然。 + +## 贸易活动仍是影响人民币汇率的核心因素 + +跨境资金流动的特征决定了当前外汇市场需求较为单一,且外汇市场深度有限等原因,导致银行间外汇市当前主要受客盘结售汇驱动,而客盘结售汇力量主要来自于非银部门的贸易活动,所以当前贸易活动仍是影响汇率的核心因素。 + +## 风险提示:汇率政策超预期,海外货币政策超预期 + +## 2023年07月03日 + + + +分析师 周君芝 + +执业证书:S0100521100008 + +电话:15601683648 + +邮箱: zhoujunzhi@mszq.com + +研究助理 吴彬 + +执业证书:S0100121120007 + +电话:15171329250 + +邮箱: wubin@mszq.com + +## 相关研究 + +1. 全球大类资产跟踪周报:情绪边际修复-2023/07/02 + +2.人民币汇率点评:汇率贬值或已超调-2023/06/30 + +3.2023 年 H2 宏观经济展望:融冰-2023/06/28 + +4.2023 年 H2 宏观指标预测:寻找大变量-2023/06/28 + +5. 全球大类资产跟踪周报:再起变数-2023/06/25 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00033.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00033.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8d0e7cd1f90397c6b6a5775702fbcd904741dafc --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00033.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +## 【今日焦点】 + +## 海外市场:海外策略 + +## 中美均面临关键窗口期 海外资产配置月报(2023-7) + +综合判断,面对美国 7 月核心通胀低基数的噪音和中国关键政策窗口的验证期,我们认为 7 月全球市场可能仍处于震荡局面,维持当前配置按兵不动“以不变应万变”或是最优选。只不过,美国越过 7 月后核心通胀更快的回落阶段可以使美股/美债如果出现回调可以再介入,而中国市场若无实际宽信用抓手出现若短期反弹较高则可适当“落袋为安”。黄金经过前期回调后进入再配置区间,但更大空间恐怕还需多些耐心。 + +**刘刚,分析员,SAC执业证书编号S0080512030003,SFC CE Ref:AVH867;李赫民,分析员,SAC执业证书编号 + +S0080522070008,SFC CE Ref: BQG067;杨萱庭,联系人,SAC 执业证书编号 S0080122080405 + +https://research.cicc.com/report/pdf/1135590-1 + +## 农产品:大宗商品 + +## 全球生物燃料系列·中国篇:方兴未艾,但谨慎乐观 + +中国坚持立足国内保障粮食基本自给自足的方针,将粮食安全视为国家安全的重要基础,这决定了我们不能像欧美国家一样用大量玉米、油料等来发展生物能源,因此如何因地制宜地发展生物燃料至关重要。本篇报告是全球生物燃料系列的最后一篇,我们在分析了美国、欧洲、东南亚之后,将目光重新聚焦中国,在政策梳理的基础上,总结当前发展现状和问题,最后我们从UCO出口前景与航空煤油发展机遇两个市场最为关注话题提出新的思考。 + +$^{**}$陈雷,联系人,SAC执业证书编号S0080122030114;庞雨辰,联系人,SAC执业证书编号S0080122080153;李林惠,联系人, + +SAC 执业证书编号 S0080122070072;郭朝辉,分析员,SAC 执业证书编号 S0080513070006,SFC CE Ref: BBU524 + +https://research.cicc.com/report/pdf/1135622-1 + +## 科技硬件:观点聚焦 + +## 消费电子 2023 下半年展望:温和恢复,关注 AI 创新机遇 + +展望 2H23,我们认为温和恢复和关注 AI 创新将成为消费电子行业的主题:短期来看,手机市场安卓产业链库存出清走出底部,新兴市场长期增长潜力待挖掘,关注行业盈利能力改善空间及 iPhone15 创新机遇;长期来看,AI 将深刻改变人机交互模式,驱动智能终端及其产业链创新性变革。我们维持覆盖公司原有盈利预测、评级及目标价不变。风险提示:中美贸易摩擦,宏观经济低迷及疫情影响消费者需求,AIoT 渗透率低。 + +**贾顺鹤,分析员,SAC执业证书编号S0080522060002,SFC CE Ref: BTN002;温晗静,分析员,SAC执业证书编号S0080521070003,SFC CE Ref: BSJ666;李澄宁,分析员,SAC执业证书编号S0080522050003,SFC CE Ref: BSM544;黄天擎,分析员,SAC执业证书编号S0080523060005,SFC CE Ref: BTL932;曹佳桐,联系人,SAC执业证书编号S0080122010081;查玉洁,联系人,SAC执业证书编号S0080122120012;彭虎,分析员,SAC执业证书编号S0080521020001,SFC CE Ref: BRE806 +https://research.cicc.com/report/pdf/1135506-1 + +## 银行:观点聚焦 + +## 资产负债表“衰退”了吗? + +我们认为“资产负债表衰退”理论并不适用于解释中国居民和企业较弱的信贷需求,投资回报预期而非资产负债结构是关键因素;与日本接近0%的经济增速、贷款增速和利率水平不同,估算中国“2035目标”隐含7%左右的长期名义GDP增速和银行7%以上的资产增速,为保持稳定的内生资本补充银行有必要保持最低10%的长期ROE和1.6%左右的净息差下限,盈利预期稳定的条件下银行股权具有长期投资价值。 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00034.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00034.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8c68e5e608ec13215f0ad885e167b8554df43b3e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00034.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +## 供需宽松格局未改,动力煤价格中枢下移 + +## ---2023 年下半年动力煤期货行情展望 + +金韬 + +投资咨询从业资格号:Z0002982 +jintao013139@gtjas.com + +刘豫武(联系人) 从业资格号:F03108195 +liuyuwu025832@gtjas.com + +## 报告导读: + +我们的观点: + +展望 2023 下半年,我们预计动力煤价格将延续弱势格局。需求方面,总用电需求增速维持稳定,同比增量有限。供应方面,在保供稳价的大背景下,国内原煤供应维持高位,电厂库存显著高于往年同期水平,电厂补库意愿较差。从海外来看,随着海外煤炭价格下行,进口煤对沿海电厂冲击明显,动力煤价格中枢继续下移。 + +我们的逻辑: + +需求方面,总用电需求增速维持稳定,同比增量有限。从用电结构来看,水电受降水量的影响下半年发电情况存在不确定性,但太阳能、风能、核电等新型能源发电量的持续发力,使其占总发电量的占比逐步上升,对火电形成替代。对于非电行业而言,钢铁、建材及化工用煤需求受到终端需求改善力度相对有限的制约,对煤炭需求增量不足。 + +供应方面,供给端延续宽松格局。国内供应端,保供稳价政策仍在持续发力,晋陕蒙主产区煤炭产量维持高位运行,终端库存端,电厂煤炭库存显著高于往年同期水平,电厂补库意愿薄弱。从进口来看,随着海外煤炭价格下行,进口煤对沿海电厂冲击明显,进口煤和国内煤存在价格竞争,使得国内煤价进一步承压,动力煤价格中枢继续下移。 + +结论及投资展望: + +从 2023 下半年价格波动来看,预计秦皇岛港口动力煤 5500 大卡价格核心波动区间为 650-1000 元/吨。 + +关注的风险点:宏观政策刺激需求激增将打破区间上沿,系统性的金融风险将打穿区间的下沿。 + +请务必阅读正文之后的免责条款部分 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00035.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00035.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4101729de9cad9097b45cf25d96252918e25588e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00035.md @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +## 2023 国家医保目录调整工作开始,关注中药新药及独家品种 + +## 相关研究: + +1. 《中药材GAP实施,有望从源头推进行业高质量发展》20230621 + +2.《全国中成药集采落地,降价幅度符合市场预期》20230629 + +## 行业评级:增持 + +近十二个月行业表现 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
%1 个月3 个月12 个月
相对收益-4419
绝对收益-5-37
+ +注:相对收益与沪深300相比 + +分析师:许雯 + +证书编号:S0500517110001 + +Tel: 021-50293534 + +Email: xw3315@xcsc.com + +地址:上海市浦东新区银城路88号 +中国人寿金融中心10楼 + +## 核心要点: + +## ☐ 上周中药Ⅱ上涨1.88%,涨幅位居子行业第三 + +上周医药生物报收8565.25点,上涨1.05%;中药Ⅱ报收7820.84点,上涨1.88%;化学制药报收10482.17点,上涨2.23%;生物制品报收7642.95点,上涨0.88%;医药商业报收6360.58点,上涨2.75%;医疗器械报收7389.72点,上涨0.57%;医疗服务报收6749.65点,下跌1.78%。子行业中涨幅最大的是医药商业,跌幅最大的是医疗服务,中药板块涨幅位居第三。2023年以来表现最好的是中药板块,累计涨幅达9.08%。 + +从公司表现来看,表现居前的公司有:嘉应制药、东阿阿胶、西藏药业、大理药业、*ST太安;表现靠后的公司有:华神科技、方盛制药、太极集团、寿仙谷、华润三九。 + +## ☐ 上周中药 PE(ttm)31.05X,PB(lf)2.86X + +上周中药板块 PE 为 31.05X,近一年 PE 最大值为 33.61X,最小值为 17.27X;当前 PB 为 2.86X,近一年 PB 最大值为 3.11X,最小值为 2.22X,中药板块相对沪深 300 估值溢价率为 165.8%,仍具备一定估值优势,且政策支持与业绩向好为中药行业提供了安全边际。 + +## ☐ 多品类中药材价格上涨拉动价格总指数上行 + +上周中药材价格总指数为 254.08 点,较前一周上涨 1.4 个百分点,从十二个中药材大类看,呈现出 10 涨 2 跌,树脂类药材价格指数涨幅继续居首。目前中药材市场行情稳定,多个品类价格上涨拉动总指数上行,预计后期价格指数有望继续小幅走高。 + +## ☐ 2023 年国家医保目录调整工作开始,关注中药新药及独家品种 + +6月29日国家医保局发布《2023年国家基本医疗保险、工伤保险和生育保险药品目录调整工作方案》及申报指南的公告,2023年医保目录申报工作于7月1日开启,也意味着新版医保目录调整工作正式开始。2023年医保目录调整的变化主要体现在三个方面,即申报条件、调整程序和强化监督。在申报条件方面,对药品获批和修改适应症的时间要求进行了顺延,2018年1月1日至2023年6月30日期间修改适应症或功能主治发生重大变化的药品可主动申报调整,对纳入《鼓励仿制药品目录》、《鼓励研发申报儿童药品清单》的药品以及罕见病治疗用药不设置获批时间。从近年来医保目录调整的结果看,2019年以来医保目录谈判的成功率不断走高(由2019年的58.8%提升至2022年的82.3%),价格降幅基本稳定在60%左右,儿童用药及罕见病用药的受重视程度日益提高,对中成药的扩容也在持续推进,谈判成功的药品从上市到纳入医保的时间已缩短至1-2年。进入医保目录带来的院端放量值得关注,建议重点关注中药新药及独家品种的医保目录谈判及调整情况。 + +## ☐ 投资策略:关注增量为行业带来的增长空间 + +在利好政策支持下,我们继续看好中药行业,维持行业“增持”评级。看好中药行业大逻辑不变的基础上,建议关注行业增量变化:首先,行业有 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00036.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00036.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..144c2064c44a723d6836fee5c8af6d59008ca8ae --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00036.md @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +## 箱板瓦楞:库存去至低位,价格企稳,观察后期需求变化 + +## 供给端:山鹰100万吨新增产能已释放,23H2玖龙、太阳仍有新增产能规划;进口纸同样带来供给冲击 + +- 23年箱板瓦楞新增有效产能预计同比增长2.5% + +- 23年1月开始取消进口纸关税,23年1-5月箱板瓦楞纸进口量同比+43%;国内再生箱板纸价格已降至接近进口箱板纸,进口纸价可能对国内纸价存在压制 + +## 需求端与消费联系紧密,缓慢恢复;南方市场需求差于北方市场,出口订单恶化 + +- 23Q1/2箱板纸价格环比-5%/-7%(-216/-317元/吨),瓦楞纸价格环比-6%/-9%(-195/-278元/吨) + +## 原材料:国废跟随纸价下跌,美废22H2以来持续降价;国内纸厂通过木浆、木纤维等原材料进行替代,中长期国废价格预期回落 + +箱板瓦楞纸及国废价格均处于历史低位 + + +23年箱板纸进口量明显增加 + + +纸厂库存从22Q2高位持续回落 + + +箱板瓦楞纸新增产能梳理(万吨) +
企业名称产品产能预计投产时间
山鹰纸业(吉林)瓦楞纸302023年底
吉林恒源纸业瓦楞纸152023年
四川华侨凤凰纸业瓦楞纸402023年
湖北金凤凰纸业瓦楞纸152023年2月
德州泰鼎新材料科技瓦楞纸102023年6月
山东合创新材料瓦楞纸202023年4月
山西强伟纸业瓦楞纸202023年10月
合计150
+ +
企业名称产品产能 预计投产时间
玖龙纸业(沈阳)箱板纸602023 年5 月
玖龙纸业(北海)高档牛卡纸802023Q4
浙江山鹰纸业箱板纸422023 年2 月
浙江山鹰纸业箱板纸352023H2
浙江金励纸业箱板纸252023 年6-7 月
南宁太阳PM2 箱板纸502023 年8 月
南宁太阳PM3 箱板纸502023 年9 月
湖北荣成再生科技箱板纸352023 年
合计377
+ +箱板瓦楞纸供需平衡表 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
纸种项目20192020202120222023E
箱板瓦楞纸产能(万吨)71237307732676667855
产量(万吨)4609.84847.34956.14779.44950.3
产量增速3%5%2%-3.6%3.6%
开工率65%66%68%62%63%
进口量(万吨)376.7800.1701.5602.6700.0
出口量(万吨)12.012.213.014.614.6
消费量(万吨)4974.55635.25644.55367.45635.8
消费量增速4%13%0%-5%5.0%
+ diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00037.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00037.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b737e61a4f64870ae44d09ff4f55be56b8bcff28 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00037.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +工业生产有所修复,中下游开工率多数回升。上周全钢胎/半钢胎开工率分别为 69.9%/59.2%,周环变化-0.1%/+1.7%,较 2019 年同期下滑 2.7%/19.1%;PTA 工厂/聚酯工厂/江浙织机开工率分别为 80.6%/90.8%/62.6%,周环比变化 0.0%/+0.4%/+2.2%,较 2019 年同期变化 -14.6%/+0.5%/-14.4%;用于包装、隔热材料的苯乙烯/聚苯乙烯开工率分别为 69.0%/59.2%,周环比变化 +1.2%/-0.3%,较 2019 年同期下滑 15.2%/15.1%。 + +图 19: 钢胎/全钢胎开工率周环比变化-0.1%/1.7% + + + +数据来源:Wind,国泰君安证券研究 + +图 20: PTA/聚酯/织机开工环比 0.0%/+0.4%/+2.2% + + + +数据来源:Wind,国泰君安证券研究 + +图 21: 苯乙烯/聚苯乙烯开工周环比变化+1.2%/-0.3% + + + +数据来源:Wind,国泰君安证券研究 + +图 22: 热卷社库周环比回升 3.0% + + + +数据来源:Wind,国泰君安证券研究 + +## 2.2.3. 企业活动:企业招聘意愿边际修复,新增招聘帖数环比回升 + +企业招聘意愿边际修复,新增招聘帖数环比回升。上周新增招聘贴数周环比回升11.4%,约为19、21-22年同期均值的37.2%。金融地产/商品消费/服务消费/TMT/上游资源/中游制造行业上市公司招聘贴数周环比上升23.1%/11.0%/13.8%/4.2%/7.7%/9.2%。 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00038.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00038.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9b04d7eec8855849af9ca4eba2ae590171e73ef6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00038.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +## 煤炭行业:低估值煤炭板块,在“中特估”加持下,有望充分受益 + + + + + + + + + + + + +
2023年7月6日
看好/维持
煤炭行业报告
分析师曹奕丰 电话:021-25102904邮箱:caoyf _ yjs@dxxzq.net.cn执业证书编号:S1480519050005
研究助理莫文娟 电话:010-66555574邮箱:mwj882004@163.com执业证书编号:S1480122080006
+ +## 投资摘要: + +纵观煤炭行业发展历程:总体周期属性明显,近期周期属性弱化。一、复盘动力煤煤价20年的发展情况,煤炭价格、指数波动周期属性明显。二、2022年煤炭行业周期属性弱化,股价与煤价关联性降低。近期的限价政策平稳煤价波动和地缘冲突弱化煤炭周期属性。与此同时,“双碳”政策和煤炭企业高分红特点限制煤炭产能扩张,产能周期或将无法顺利开启。 + +从资本市场角度来看,目前煤炭板块估值被严重低估。当前煤炭板块处于高盈利阶段,但 PE 仍远低于历史低点,煤炭板块价值被严重低估。煤炭板块 PB 亦低于 2005 年低点。就目前的情况来看,煤炭板块有望突破低估值困境:目前煤炭板块增长幅度较煤炭行业归母净利润增长幅度仍有差距,煤炭板块估值持续低位;长协政策稳定煤炭价格,未来煤炭板块盈利的稳定性,有助于改善行业低估值情况。能源安全背景下,煤炭绿色开发与清洁高效利用已经加速,盈利有望维持在高水平,价值或将被逐步发现。 + +“中特估”概念修复市场估值结构不均衡,煤炭行业有望充分受益。中特估的核心在于解决A股市场估值结构不均衡的问题。“高盈利,低估值,高分红”公司在构建中国特色估值体系,实现内在价值与市场价值进行匹配的过程中估值修复的机会可能更大。“双碳”政策下,煤炭能源企业的四种转型路径有望为企业带来业绩+估值双提升可能。 + +投资建议:我们认为 2023 年板块投资逻辑主要在需求端,我们看好疫情政策放开后煤炭需求的恢复;长协政策稳定煤炭价格,当前煤价不具备再大幅下行的基础。对于股票而言,我们认为当前煤炭板块价值被严重低估,无论是 PE 还是 PB 都处在低点位置;煤炭企业的高盈利高分红高股息率也有望持续。此外,煤炭产能扩张意愿不受限制未来煤炭供给数量,后期煤价有超预期上涨的可能。“中国特色估值体系”对煤炭板块也存在利多因素,上市煤企多为央国企,且持续高盈利高分红低估值,煤炭股具备提估值基础的可能。销售结构稳定且高分红的可能受益标的:中国神华、陕西煤业。能源转型可能受益标的:华阳股份、美锦能源(含转债)、电投能源、永泰能源。海外及非电煤弹性可能受益标的:兖矿能源、兰花科创、山煤国际。 + +风险提示:宏观经济复苏程度不及预期,行业内国企改革不及预期,行业面临有效需求不足,煤价波动不及预期的风险。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00039.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00039.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..765689c47d90b7c14025bd11cbb8bac25fdc4480 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00039.md @@ -0,0 +1,138 @@ +# 晨会集萃 + +制作:产品中心 + +## 重点推荐 + +《固收|逆周期因子运用和债券市场有何关系?——宏观利率专题》
1、5 月中旬央行存款降息后,人民币汇率贬值明显加速。央行可能已经在中间价报价中引入逆周期因子对人民币汇率进行调节,且明显加大了调节力度。2、观察彭博每日汇率报价预期与中间价汇率偏离程度,我们评估,2018 年下半年至今,逆周期因子曾经在四个时期明显加大调节力度:(1)2019 年 5 月初至 6 月中旬,即包商银行事件后;(2)2019 年 8 月初至 10 月中旬,即中美摩擦再度升级后,至中美第一阶段贸易协定基本达成前;(3)2022 年 8 月中旬至 11 月初,即 2022 年年内央行再次降息至二十大前后;(4)2023 年 6 月中旬至今。3、复盘来看,央行明显提高“逆周期因子”调节力度的时期内,不存在明显证据表明,调节力度会直接影响货币政策运用、资金利率或十年国债走势。但从内外均衡视角观察,也不能完全排除,央行降息操作节奏考虑外部均衡因素的可能性,至少在贬值压力较大的时期,央行进一步引导资金利率下行的概率会降低,但两者关系并不绝对。 + +风险提示:央行与海外主要经济体货币政策调整超预期、我国与海外主要经济体通胀与经济发展超预期。 + +《宏观|信用周期是否见底?》 + +我们认为二季度或是政策底、经济底、金融底。翻过二季度,三季度开始金融、经济数据或都会逐渐进入疫后复苏的第三阶段。下半年在透支效应减弱、消费内生修复、外需加速库存见底等因素的共同作用下,经济环比增速有望改善。同时,央行政策的重心从负债端到资产端,信用政策力度再度加强。如央行6月30日增加“支农支小再贷款、再贴现额度2000亿元”通过结构性政策工具来发力稳信用。同时,财政政策在国常会定调后,也进入发力期。在政策和基本面的支撑下,我们认为国内信用周期有望再度重回小幅扩张区间。 + +风险提示:信用周期好转低于预期,地产销售复苏不及预期、基本面持续偏弱。 + +《电子|周观点:应用为基,AIGC 时代苹果有望引领本地 AI 应用创新》1、苹果公司在 AI 领域深耕多年,AI 应用持续拓展丰富。11 年 iPhone4S 中,苹果引入基于 NLP 的智能语音助手 Siri,17 年 iPhoneX 苹果推出 FaceID,23 年 VisionPro 产品推出 opticID 虹膜识别,此外也包括实况文本、空间音频等一系列软件创新,多维度将 AI 技术整合到多种设备中提升用户体验。2、苹果大规模收购 AI 初创公司,全面推进 AI 应用场景的布局。从 2010 年开始,苹果便开始大规模收购 AI 初创公司,收购范围包括半导体制造、机器学习、语音识别、面部识别和表情追踪等多领域,帮助苹果构建更广泛 AI 应用场景。软硬件创新能力:以 FaceID 为例,苹果在 “刘海屏” 处提供了多个传感器、光学元件(包括红外镜头、泛光感应元件、距离传感器、环境光传感器、点阵投影器)的集成实现对于 FaceID 的支持,通过软硬件创新同时满足识别精度和隐私保护双重要求。3、我们认为,苹果本地 AI 功能部署兼顾效率&隐私保护,结合 VisionPro 等创新性硬件平台,AIGC 时代有望以软硬件协同创新的方式推动引领消费电子硬件 AI 应用。 + +## 天风 7 月金股推荐 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
简称调入时间
中兴通讯20221230
亨通光电20221230
招商蛇口20230228
立讯精密20230531
腾讯控股20230531
科沃斯20230531
美的集团20230531
中国建筑20230531
中国平安20230630
中天科技20230630
京北方20230630
神州泰岳20230630
航宇科技20230630
西山科技20230630
格力电器20230630
新澳股份20230630
比音勒芬20230630
江山欧派20230630
顾家家居20230630
悦安新材20230630
中材国际20230630
山东药玻20230630
苏美达20230630
申能股份20230630
卫星化学20230630
瑞纳智能20230630
+ +资料来源:天风证券研究所 + +最新调整日期 2023.06.30 + +## 市场数据 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
指数名称收盘涨跌%
上证综指3196.13-0.78
沪深3003843.44-0.67
中证5005962.79-1.1
中小盘指3946.6-1.17
创业板指2196.85-0.9
国债指数203.070.0
diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00040.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00040.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b52386800fca850f4a9346c20e3a4d078d1f69f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00040.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ + +图表39 本轮补库阶段出口和地产投资增速保持高位 + + + +资料来源:Wind,平安证券研究所 + +图表40 2016-2018年是棚改财政支出高峰期 + + + +资料来源:Wind,平安证券研究所 + +图表41 出口型机械设备行业本轮补库增速较高(%) + + + +资料来源:Wind,平安证券研究所 + +图表42 本轮汽车制造业库存增速回落更多(%) + + + +资料来源:Wind,平安证券研究所 + +## 2.7 2019.12 - ? (第 7 轮):疫后内外需改善驱动最长补库期,中美周期再度共振 + +2019 年底 2020 年初以来,工业企业新一轮补库周期开启,出口持续高增和房地产投资韧性驱动企业补库,中美周期共振强化补库持续期长达 29 个月。上一轮库存周期中,工业企业产成品存货同比增速于 2019 年 11 月见底,2019 年 12 月开始小幅回升,2020 年一季度新冠疫情爆发扰动原本的库存周期,库存增速虽然在 2020 年前三季度经历了先迅速提升再逐渐回落的变化,但 2020 年 10 月后再度开始回升并一直延续到 2022 年 4 月,可以近似认为 2019 年 12 月至 2022 年 4 月期间为一轮持续近 29 个月的相对较长的补库周期。主要有以下几点驱动:一是疫后全球需求恢复和我国生产保供带来出口持续高增,2020Q4-2022Q1 期间中美两国库存周期共振,我国出口当月同比增速在 2020 年 10 月-2022 年 7 月期间基本维持双位数;二是 2020-2021 年房地产投资保持韧性,制造业投资维持在相对高位水平,内需改善也在一定程度上驱动企业补库;三是 PPI 自 2020Q4 回升,并一直持续上行态势至 2022Q1 创新高,物价上行也是补库延续的贡献之一。分行业看,本轮库存增幅相对较高的行业既包括石油/煤炭及其他燃料加工、化学纤维制造、化学原料及化学制品制造等中上游周期行业,也包括电气机械及器材制造、计算机/通信和其他电子设备制造等行业。 + +不过,2022 年中以来,随着房地产投资和出口增速持续回落,工业企业进入去库阶段,并且同期美国也在去库存阶段。其中,我国工业企业产成品存货增速自 2022 年 4 月 20% 的高位降至 2023 年 5 月的 3.2%;美国制造商库存增速自 2022 年 3 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00041.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00041.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9ca1c8d507ba222247f69a1d8251082b93d57bbb --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00041.md @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +## 推荐 (维持) + +## 重点公司 + +
重点公司EPS(元)评级
2023E2024E
科博达1.572.15增持
德赛西威2.943.94增持
经纬恒润2.503.65增持
均胜电子0.580.85增持
保隆科技1.902.52增持
+ +来源:兴业证券经济与金融研究院 + +## 相关报告 + +【兴证汽车】电动智能的征程2: 新势力的突破之路:从“0-1”到“1-10”的新挑战 + +【兴证汽车】电动智能的征程1:特斯拉的崛起之路:核心挑战与解决方案 + +【兴证汽车】造车新势力系列深度1——家庭用车:朝阳赛道风景独好,看好理想及产业链2022-04-20 + +分析师: + +戴畅 +daichang@xyzq.com.cn +S0190517070005 + +董晓彬 +dongxiaobin@xyzq.com.cn +S0190520080001 + +## 智能驾驶系列深度之六: + +## AI 加持+城市 NOA 落地,高阶智能化迎来蝶变时刻 + +2023年07月18日 +## 投资要点 + +前言:AI加持下,2023H2高阶智能驾驶从高速延伸到城市,智能功能提升和使用场景扩展将驱动消费者认同提升和车企技术迭代加快,高阶智能驾驶有望从理想到现实,进入蝶变时刻,高阶智能化车型销量有望超预期,智能化相关公司成长速度有望超预期。 + +理论方法突破:AI 大模型用于感知融合,后续有望实现端到端。智能驾驶系统可分为感知,预测,规划,控制几个主要模块。过去,一些智能驾驶的方案中感知,预测等模块采用了 CNN 和 RNN 等 AI 模型。2020 年 Transformer 模型引入 CV 领域和智能驾驶领域后,通过 Attention 机制,兼备 CNN 易于并行化的优势和 RNN 模型可以捕捉长序列内的依赖关系的优势,有效提升感知模块的特征提取等环节的效果,加速了智能驾驶算法的升级。(1)目前,特斯拉等头部玩家基于 BEV+Transformer 做特征融合,并结合占用网络将目标检测升级为语义分割,提升感知能力,并减少对高精地图的依赖。(2)未来,有望基于 Transformer 大模型实现端到端的辅助驾驶,即传感器的数据输入大模型后直接输出执行信号,进一步提升智驾能力。 + +产业进展突破:海外特斯拉 FSD 快速升级,国内城市领航辅助即将规模落地。特斯拉 FSD 新一代的升级即将完成,“超级计算机” Dojo 投产运行将助力 FSD 性能跃升,同时年内有望推出 V12 版本并应用端到端 AI 技术,未来海外渗透率有望大幅提升。国内车企城市 NOA 功能下半年有望大规模落地,意味着高阶智能驾驶进入城市场景。对于用户来讲,高阶智能驾驶的体验将大幅度提升。而开放城市市场后更加丰富的数据,有望使得头部车企算法迭代速度加快。 + +国内高阶智能化蝶变时刻:供给创造需求,高阶智能驾驶渗透率有望加速提升。优质供给驱动需求,高阶智能驾驶有望快速上量。(1)复盘国内 SUV 渗透率和新能源渗透率的提升过程,可以看到当渗透率超过 5%-10%区间后快速提升,供给优化驱动渗透率快速提升。(2)当下高阶辅助驾驶功能的核心问题不在于需求,而在于体验和成本。利用 BEV+Transformer,,一方面可以提升辅助驾驶功能的体验,另一方面可以降低硬件成本。按照当前已知车企规划估计,2025 高阶辅助驾驶渗透率有望接近 10%,之后伴随着体验的升级和成本的下降,高阶辅助驾驶渗透率有望快速增长。 + +产业影响:整车格局有望出现新变化,高阶智能化相关零部件放量有望加速。整车格局方面:生产技术/产品技术/需求挖掘的代际变革和边际优化是车企崛起的内核驱动力,从L2+到城市NOA是智能技术的代际升级,领先车企有望借助高阶智能化实现销量和份额的提升。零部件方面,域控制器、线控制动、毫米波雷达、摄像头以及4D毫米波雷达等是智能化受益新赛道,在城市NOA驱动高阶智能化渗透率加速提升过程中,相关受益零部件放量有望超预期。 + +投资建议:AI加持+城市NOA落地,高阶智能化迎来蝶变时刻,看好高阶智能化的产业机会!整车方面,推荐城市NOA技术落地速度领先的小鹏汽车(港股团队覆盖)、理想汽车(港股团队覆盖)、比亚迪、长城汽车,关注华为合作车企赛力斯;零部件方面,推荐受益高端智能化的科博达(车身与底盘域控放量)、德赛西威(座舱与智驾域控放量)、经纬恒润(智能驾驶产品布局丰富)、均胜电子(座舱域放量)、保隆科技(ADAS相关业务拓展)。 + +风险提示:城市 NOA 落地不及预期,高阶智能化安全事故,智能化降本不及预期,高阶智能化新车销量不及预期 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00042.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00042.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2dd7ed1a0c3149bd0eb5112c99675e7f821dfcf4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00042.md @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +## 2.2.2 美国市场特征(1/4):运营模式上,收费模式多样化,投顾倾向于根据客户个性化需求提供组合化服务,混合多种收费模式来开展业务 + +■ 收费运营模式多样化:相对于中国市场目前单一的投资顾问服务费收费模式,美国投顾业务在收费运作模式上已比较成熟,目前主要提供7种收费模式:按资产管理规模收费、按固定费率收费、按业绩表现收费、按服务时间收费、佣金收费、会员制收费、其他收费模式。在2022年七种收费模式中按资产管理规模收费模式占比最大(95.2%),绝大多数的投顾均提供此类服务,此外,固定费率收费、业绩表现收费、服务时间收费这三种服务模式占比也较大。 + +■ 投顾倾向于提供组合化服务:根据NRS、IAA披露的数据,只有20.8%的投顾仅仅只提供按资产管理规模收费的服务模式,大多数顾问在提供按资产管理规模收费的服务模式外还可以提供其他类型的收费服务模式。最常见的是,超过三分之一的顾问(34.4%)除了提供按资产管理规模收费的服务模式(通常用于投资组合管理服务)之外,还提供固定费率和按服务时间收费的模式(通常用于财务规划服务)。 + +■ 投顾市场主流收费类型随投顾业务发展而发生了改变:在过去20多年内,按业绩表现、固定费率、资产管理规模三种收费模式的使用量有着较高的增长率,而按佣金、会员制的两种收费模式使用量有所下降,尤其是按佣金收费模式的使用量下降了8.5%。 + +图表16 美国投顾业务七大收费模式 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
美国投顾收费模式提供该服务的投顾公司占比
202020212022
资产管理规模收费95.4%95.5%95.2%
固定费率收费44.9%44.8%44.9%
业绩表现收费36.6%35.9%36.2%
服务时间收费30.0%29.7%29.5%
佣金收费3.0%2.4%2.2%
会员制收费1.0%1.0%1.0%
其他收费14.3%14.0%14.2%
+ +资料来源:NRS、IAA、平安证券研究所;数据截至2022年12月31日 + +图17 2021年相较于2000年,投顾公司使用各类收费模式的百分比变化 + + + +资料来源:NRS、IAA、平安证券研究所;数据截至2021年12月31日 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00043.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00043.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9d0be7b8b99f142e47649c1cdd880797f844bc24 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00043.md @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +## 历史的押韵:借鉴“互联网+”的“AI+”四阶段投资框架 + +## 传媒与互联网行业 2023 年度中期投资策略 + +本篇报告通过复盘 2013-2015 年 “互联网+” 行情,来论证当前 “AI+” 行情处于第二阶段,因此继续维持对游戏及出版龙头的强烈推荐,并建议关注 AI 产品落地场景——电商、医疗、营销、影视、办公、教育等细分领域或将出现的新龙头。 + +☐ 2023 年年初至 7 月 10 日中信传媒行业指数上涨 38.67%,同期上证指数上涨 3.70%,中信传媒行业指数显著跑赢上证指数。本中期策略报告希望通过复盘 2013-2015 年“互联网+”行情,来论证当前“AI+”行情处于第二阶段,因此继续维持对游戏及出版龙头的强烈推荐,并建议关注 AI 产品落地场景——电商、医疗、营销、影视、办公、教育等细分领域或将出现的新龙头。 + +☐ 具体来看,第一阶段-积极拥抱:参照2013年的手游行业,在手游行业游戏同比接近4倍增速时,掌趣科技等涨幅靠前的公司,同时具备内生+外延实现业绩高增和估值溢价较高的特点。因此我们认为,2023年年初至5月的AI第一阶段就是积极拥抱AI的公司,这个阶段的涨幅更多的是享受AI行业贝塔红利。 + +☐ 第二阶段-落地为王:参照 2014 年,关注相关产品落地。2014 年移动互联网已经开始迅猛发展,大家都在积极努力转型移动互联网,积极推出推互联网+产品,技术外因与政策内因共同驱动传媒产业发展。我们认为现在 AI 的投资也处于这一阶段,很多公司都在积极推 AI+产品。大模型维度有昆仑、三六零等,AI+金融领域有同花顺,AI+医疗领域有朗玛信息,AI+跨境电商有焦点科技等。我们认为,理论上,谁在细分领域率先推出 AI+产品,谁就占得了一定的先机,这个阶段,核心就是寻找能够快速推出 AI+产品的细分龙头或者像游戏出版行业这类整体受益 AI 行业红利的投资机会。 + +☐ 第三阶段-王者突围:参照移动互联网领域最受益的几个新兴龙头公司包括2015年的东方财富以及后来的字节和米哈游等,谁能够在细分领域迅速成长做大,并能够快速产生利润成为投资要点。这个阶段也有望是对于投资者回报最高的阶段,我们也会积极关注具备这个潜质的新龙头公司。 + +☐ 第四阶段-胜者为王:参照 2015 年之后,腾讯,字节,阿里等从移动互联网浪潮里脱颖而出,我们认为最终成功的将是龙头 AI 公司及其生态圈公司。我们建议持续关注头部公司以及一级市场中有成为未来巨头潜力的相关公司的进展。 + +□ 风险提示:核心技术不及预期风险;政策监管不确定性的风险;行业竞争风险;商业化拓展低于预期风险等。 + +## 推荐(维持) + +TMT 及中小盘/传媒 + +## 行业规模 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
占比%
股票家数(只)1483.0
总市值(十亿元)1670.42.0
流通市值(十亿元)1455.02.0
+ +## 行业指数 + + + +资料来源:公司数据、招商证券 + +## 相关报告 + +1、《互联网行业周报—七部委联合发布《生成式人工智能服务管理暂行办法》》2023-07-17 + +2、《七部委联合发布《生成式人工智能服务管理暂行办法》,数据要素流通及商业化应用落地有望加速》2023-07-15 + +3、《互联网行业周报—华为云盘古大模型3.0正式发布》2023-07-14 + +顾佳 S1090513030002 + +gujia@cmschina.com.cn + +谢笑妍 S1090519030003 + +xiexiaoyan1@cmschina.com.cn diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00044.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00044.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ec54b0c43b384dad82880319bcb98ac81b68e74d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00044.md @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +## 信息披露 + +## 证券分析师承诺 + +本报告署名分析师具有中国证券业协会授予的证券投资咨询执业资格并注册为证券分析师,以勤勉的职业态度、专业审慎的研究方法,使用合法合规的信息,独立、客观地出具本报告,并对本报告的内容和观点负责。本人不曾因,不因,也将不会因本报告中的具体推荐意见或观点而直接或间接收到任何形式的补偿。 + +## 与公司有关的信息披露 + +本公司隶属于申万宏源证券有限公司。本公司经中国证券监督管理委员会核准,取得证券投资咨询业务许可。本公司关联机构在法律许可情况下可能持有或交易本报告提到的投资标的,还可能为或争取为这些标的提供投资银行服务。本公司在知晓范围内依法合规地履行披露义务。客户可通过 compliance@swsresearch.com 索取有关披露资料或登录 www.swsresearch.com 信息披露栏目查询从业人员资质情况、静默期安排及其他有关的信息披露。 + +## 机构销售团队联系人 + +华东 A 组 茅炯 + +021-33388488 + +maojiong@swhysc.com + +华东B组 李庆 + +021-33388245 + +liqing3@swhysc.com + +华北组 肖霞 + +010-66500628 + +xiaoxia@swhysc.com + +华南组 李昇 + +0755-82990609 + +Lisheng5@swhysc.com + +## 股票投资评级说明 + +证券的投资评级: + +以报告日后的 6 个月内,证券相对于市场基准指数的涨跌幅为标准,定义如下: + +买入(Buy):相对强于市场表现20%以上; + +增持(Outperform):相对强于市场表现5%~20%; + +中性(Neutral):相对市场表现在 -5% ~ +5% 之间波动; + +减持 (Underperform):相对弱于市场表现5%以下。 + +行业的投资评级: + +以报告日后的6个月内,行业相对于市场基准指数的涨跌幅为标准,定义如下: + +看好(Overweight) :行业超越整体市场表现; + +中性(Neutral) :行业与整体市场表现基本持平; + +看淡(Underweight) :⾏业弱于整体市场表现。 + +我们在此提醒您,不同证券研究机构采用不同的评级术语及评级标准。我们采用的是相对评级体系,表示投资的相对比重建议;投资者买入或者卖出证券的决定取决于个人的实际情况,比如当前的持仓结构以及其他需要考虑的因素。投资者应阅读整篇报告,以获取比较完整的观点与信息,不应仅仅依靠投资评级来推断结论。申银万国使用自己的行业分类体系,如果您对我们的行业分类有兴趣,可以向我们的销售员索取。 + +本报告采用的基准指数 :沪深300指数 + +## 法律声明 + +本报告仅供上海申银万国证券研究所有限公司(以下简称“本公司”)的客户使用。本公司不会因接收人收到本报告而视其为客户。客户应当认识到有关本报告的短信提示、电话推荐等只是研究观点的简要沟通,需以本公司 http://www.swsresearch.com 网站刊载的完整报告为准,本公司并不接受客户的后续问询。本报告首页列示的联系人,除非另有说明,仅作为本公司就本报告与客户的联络人,承担联络工作,不从事任何证券投资咨询服务业务。 + +本报告是基于已公开信息撰写,但本公司不保证该等信息的准确性或完整性。本报告所载的资料、工具、意见及推测只提供给客户作参考之用,并非作为或被视为出售或购买证券或其他投资标的的邀请或向人作出邀请。本报告所载的资料、意见及推测仅反映本公司于发布本报告当日的判断,本报告所指的证券或投资标的的价格、价值及投资收入可能会波动。在不同时期,本公司可发出与本报告所载资料、意见及推测不一致的报告。 + +客户应当考虑到本公司可能存在可能影响本报告客观性的利益冲突,不应视本报告为作出投资决策的惟一因素。客户应自主作出投资决策并自行承担投资风险。本公司特别提示,本公司不会与任何客户以任何形式分享证券投资收益或分担证券投资损失,任何形式的分享证券投资收益或者分担证券投资损失的书面或口头承诺均为无效。本报告中所指的投资及服务可能不适合个别客户,不构成客户私人咨询建议。本公司未确保本报告充分考虑到个别客户特殊的投资目标、财务状况或需要。本公司建议客户应考虑本报告的任何意见或建议是否符合其特定状况,以及(若有必要)咨询独立投资顾问。在任何情况下,本报告中的信息或所表述的意见并不构成对任何人的投资建议。在任何情况下,本公司不对任何人因使用本报告中的任何内容所引致的任何损失负任何责任。市场有风险,投资需谨慎。若本报告的接收人非本公司的客户,应在基于本报告作出任何投资决定或就本报告要求任何解释前咨询独立投资顾问。 + +本报告的版权归本公司所有,属于非公开资料。本公司对本报告保留一切权利。除非另有书面显示,否则本报告中的所有材料的版权均属本公司。未经本公司事先书面授权,本报告的任何部分均不得以任何方式制作任何形式的拷贝、复印件或复制品,或再次分发给任何其他人,或以任何侵犯本公司版权的其他方式使用。所有本报告中使用的商标、服务标记及标记均为本公司的商标、服务标记及标记。 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00045.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00045.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e8b847204457dbf63fb765e034fd2f78a3a6f85c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00045.md @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +## 分析师声明 + +本报告署名分析师在此声明:我们具有中国证券业协会授予的证券投资咨询执业资格或相当的专业胜任能力,本报告所表述的所有观点均准确地反映了我们对标的证券和发行人的个人看法。我们所得报酬的任何部分不曾与,不与,也将不会与本报告中的具体投资建议或观点有直接或间接联系。 + +## 一般声明 + +除非另有规定,本报告中的所有材料版权均属天风证券股份有限公司(已获中国证监会许可的证券投资咨询业务资格)及其附属机构(以下统称“天风证券”)。未经天风证券事先书面授权,不得以任何方式修改、发送或者复制本报告及其所包含的材料、内容。所有本报告中使用的商标、服务标识及标记均为天风证券的商标、服务标识及标记。 + +本报告是机密的,仅供我们的客户使用,天风证券不因收件人收到本报告而视其为天风证券的客户。本报告中的信息均来源于我们认为可靠的已公开资料,但天风证券对这些信息的准确性及完整性不作任何保证。本报告中的信息、意见等均仅供客户参考,不构成所述证券买卖的出价或征价邀请或要约。该等信息、意见并未考虑到获取本报告人员的具体投资目的、财务状况以及特定需求,在任何时候均不构成对任何人的个人推荐。客户应当对本报告中的信息和意见进行独立评估,并应同时考量各自的投资目的、财务状况和特定需求,必要时就法律、商业、财务、税收等方面咨询专家的意见。对依据或者使用本报告所造成的一切后果,天风证券及/或其关联人员均不承担任何法律责任。 + +本报告所载的意见、评估及预测仅为本报告出具日的观点和判断。该等意见、评估及预测无需通知即可随时更改。过往的表现亦不应作为日后表现的预示和担保。在不同时期,天风证券可能会发出与本报告所载意见、评估及预测不一致的研究报告。 + +天风证券的销售人员、交易人员以及其他专业人士可能会依据不同假设和标准、采用不同的分析方法而口头或书面发表与本报告意见及建议不一致的市场评论和/或交易观点。天风证券没有将此意见及建议向报告所有接收者进行更新的义务。天风证券的资产管理部门、自营部门以及其他投资业务部门可能独立做出与本报告中的意见或建议不一致的投资决策。 + +## 特别声明 + +在法律许可的情况下,天风证券可能会持有本报告中提及公司所发行的证券并进行交易,也可能为这些公司提供或争取提供投资银行、财务顾问和金融产品等各种金融服务。因此,投资者应当考虑到天风证券及/或其相关人员可能存在影响本报告观点客观性的潜在利益冲突,投资者请勿将本报告视为投资或其他决定的唯一参考依据。 + +## 投资评级声明 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
类别说明评级体系
股票投资评级自报告日后的6 个月内,相对同期沪
深300 指数的涨跌幅
买入预期股价相对收益20 %以上
增持预期股价相对收益10 %-20 %
持有预期股价相对收益-10 %-10 %
卖出预期股价相对收益-10 %以下
行业投资评级自报告日后的6 个月内,相对同期沪
深300 指数的涨跌幅
强于大市预期行业指数涨幅5 %以上
中性预期行业指数涨幅-5 %-5 %
弱于大市预期行业指数涨幅-5 %以下
+ +## 天风证券研究 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
北京海口上海深圳
北京市西城区佟麟阁路 36 号海南省海口市美兰区国兴大道 3 号互联网金融大厦 A 栋 23 层 2301 房上海市虹口区北外滩国际客运中心 6 号楼 4 层深圳市福田区益田路 5033 号平安金融中心 71 楼
邮编:100031邮编:570102邮编:200086邮编:518000
邮箱:research@tfzq.com电话:(0898)-65365390电话:(8621)-65055515电话:(86755)-23915663
邮箱:research@tfzq.com传真:(8621)-61069806传真:(86755)-82571995
邮箱:research@tfzq.com邮箱:research@tfzq.com
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00046.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00046.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..be2cb5ce958f8428492ae336bc081796b3315ae3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00046.md @@ -0,0 +1,130 @@ +## 北京 + +中国国际金融股份有限公司 + +中国北京建国门外大街1号 + +国贸写字楼2座28层 + +邮编:100004 + +电话:(86-10) 6505 1166 + +传真:(86-10) 6505 1156 + +## 上海 + +中国国际金融股份有限公司上海分公司 + +上海市浦东新区陆家嘴环路 1233 号 + +汇亚大厦 32 层 + +邮编:200120 + +电话:(86-21) 5879-6226 + +传真:(86-21) 5888-8976 + +## 深圳 + +中国国际金融股份有限公司深圳分公司 + +深圳市福田区益田路 5033 号 + +平安金融中心 72 层 + +邮编:518048 + +电话:(86-755) 8319-5000 + +传真:(86-755) 8319-9229 + +## 香港 + +中国国际金融(香港)有限公司 + +香港中环港景街1号 + +国际金融中心第一期 29 楼 + +电话:(852) 2872-2000 + +传真:(852) 2872-2100 + +## 东京 + +中国国际金融日本株式会社 + +〒100-0005 東京都千代田区丸の内3丁目2番3 + +号 丸の内二重橋ビル21階 + +Tel: (+813) 3201 6388 + +Fax: (+813) 3201 6389 + +## 旧金山 + +CICC US Securities, Inc. San Francisco Branch + +Office + +One Embarcadero Center, Suite 2350, + +San Francisco, CA 94111, USA + +Tel: (+1) 415 493 4120 + +Fax: (+1) 628 203 8514 + +## 纽约 + +CICC US Securities, Inc + +32$^\text{nd}$ Floor, 280 Park Avenue + +New York, NY 10017, USA + +Tel: (+1-646) 7948 800 + +Fax: (+1-646) 7948 801 + +## 新加坡 + +China International Capital Corporation + +(Singapore) Pte. Limited + +6 Battery Road, #33-01 + +Singapore 049909 + +Tel: (+65) 6572 1999 + +Fax: (+65) 6327 1278 + +## 伦敦 + +China International Capital Corporation (UK) + +Limited + +25th Floor, 125 Old Broad Street + +London EC2N 1AR, United Kingdom + +Tel: (+44-20) 7367 5718 + +Fax: (+44-20) 7367 5719 + +## 法兰克福 + +China International Capital Corporation (Europe) GmbH + +Neue Mainzer Straße 52-58, 60311 + +Frankfurt a.M, Germany + +Tel: (+49-69) 24437 3560 + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00047.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00047.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..436ff81c361712f06b4546bf3992b6597a5ab15d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00047.md @@ -0,0 +1,150 @@ +## 汤臣倍健(300146)\食品饮料 + +## 拥抱行业新周期,VDS龙头再出发 + +## 投资要点: + +疫后居民保健意识提升,VDS行业进入新周期。公司作为VDS行业龙头, + +2023全年营收有望实现双位数增长,基本面修复可期,估值具备性价比。 + +## 国内VDS行业先行者,积极拥抱疫后新周期 + +汤臣倍健是国内VDS龙头,2022年市占率达10.3%。公司第一大单品蛋白粉收入体量达20亿级别,第二大单品为骨关节养护产品健力多,2022年收入为12.1亿。第二成长曲线益生菌产品2022年国内外收入合计11.1亿。培育中的品牌健视佳、健安适等在逐步推广中,有望接力公司未来成长。 + +## 新周期或至,行业有望持续扩容 + +人均可支配收入提升叠加老龄化趋势,打开VDS行业发展空间。后疫情时代,行业呈现年轻化、细分化、线上化以及竞争加剧的特点,行业扩容有望为新赛道、新品类及新品牌带来成长机会。 + +## 产品多元化布局,渠道立体化发展 + +公司延续聚焦主品牌战略,免疫类产品如蛋白粉全年有望维持双位高增;积极扩展健力多的消费人群及销售渠道;延展益生菌产品的适用范围,搭建独立的经销体系与业务中台;同时积极培育健视佳、健安适等单品,有望接力公司未来成长。公司积极深化药店渠道改革,拥抱抖快直播等新兴渠道,1Q23年线下渠道收入同比增长16.18%;线上渠道同比增长90.98%。展望2023全年,公司营收有望实现双位数高增,基本面修复可期。 + +## 盈利预测、估值与评级 + +我们预计公司2023-2025年收入为93.9/110.5/126.3亿元,同比增速分别为+19.5%/17.7%/14.3%,归母净利润为17.9/20.7/24.4亿元,同比增速分别为+29.3%/15.6%/18.0%,EPS分别为1.1/1.2/1.4元/股,3年CAGR为 + +20.74%。绝对估值法测得每股价值为25.80元,可比公司2023年平均PE为18.32倍,鉴于公司在国内VDS领域领先优势稳固,综合绝对估值法和相对估值法,我们给予公司2023年25倍PE,目标价26.34元。首次覆盖,给予“买入”评级。 + +风险提示:产品质量和食品安全风险、线下渠道竞争优势弱化的风险、市场竞争加剧的风险等。 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
财务数据和估值202120222023E2024E2025E
营业收入(百万元)7,4317,8619,39011,04812,626
增长率(%)21.93%5.79%19.45%17.65%14.28%
EBITDA(百万元)2,3641,8822,4572,8023,257
归母净利润(百万元)1,7541,3861,7912,0712,444
增长率(%)15.07%-20.99%29.25%15.64%18.00%
EPS(元/股)1.030.811.051.221.44
市盈率(P /E )20.4125.8319.9817.2814.65
市净率(P /B )3.413.353.112.872.64
EV/EBITDA18.0218.1512.7210.869.03
+ +数据来源:公司公告、iFinD,国联证券研究所预测:股价为2023年7月26日收盘价 + +投资评级: + +行业:食品加工 + +投资建议:买入/(首次评级) + +当前价格:21.05 元 + +目标价格:26.34 元 + +## 基本数据 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
总股本/流通股本(百万股)1,700/1,129
流通A 股市值(百万元)27,088
每股净资产(元)6.87
资产负债率(%)13.77
一年内最高/最低(元)24.96/16.41
+ +## 股价相对走势 + + + +分析师:陈梦瑶 + +执业证书编号:S0590521040005 + +邮箱:cmy@glsc.com.cn + +## 相关报告 + +1、《汤臣倍健(300146)\食品饮料行业主品牌稳定增长,新八年打造强科技领军企业》2022.03.06 + +2、《汤臣倍健(300146)\食品饮料行业短期利润承压,中长期成长性确定》2021.10.26 + +3、《汤臣倍健(300146)\食品饮料行业半年度业绩实现高增,新三年规划成效初显》2021.08.07 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00048.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00048.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d2a309604fe3f0ba203a3ca554fe53cc6d6f6841 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00048.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +图 22、德康合作品牌矩阵 + + + +资料来源:德康官网,兴业证券经济与金融研究院整理 + +## 3.2、雅培:后来居上,三代产品性能比肩德康 + +雅培是目前德康在 CGM 领域的最有力竞争对手。作为后来者,雅培采取了和德康截然不同的策略,主要推出具备高性价比的产品,因此雅培虽然进入市场时间较晚,但仍在欧洲市场获得了极大成功。2022 年雅培瞬感系列销售额约为 43 亿美元,已超过德康成为全球第一。 + +雅培最新一代产品 Libre 3 性价比高。2020 年,雅培的最新一代 CGM 产品 Libre 3 在欧洲获批,其月均使用费用和 Libre 2 基本相同,仅为德康 G6 的 1/3,且产品性能也得到大幅提升(MARD 值降低到 7.9%),性价比优势凸显。 + +图 23、雅培瞬感系列收入(百万美元)和同比增速 + + + +资料来源:雅培年报,兴业证券经济与金融研究院整理 + +图 24、雅培 Libre 3 的月均费用仅为德康 G6 的 $1/3$ + + + +资料来源:雅培年报,兴业证券经济与金融研究院整理 + +早期雅培 Freestyle 精准度略逊一筹,最新一代产品性能比肩德康。2007 年雅培推出 Freestyle Navigator 系列,传感器寿命为 5 天,且均需要指尖血校准。2016 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00049.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00049.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bf0dd7b857c80f23044bed9dd265083a0a7fc40f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00049.md @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +## “新徐工”出口高增,盈利持续改善 + +## 投资逻辑: + +■ 工程机械龙头,17-22年营收规模稳步提升。公司为国内工程机械领域头部企业,主要包括起重机械、土方机械等五大支柱产品。近年来,公司积极坚持“珠峰计划”,营收、归母净利稳定增长,从17年的291.3、10.2亿元提升到22年的938.2、43.1亿元,期间CAGR达到26.4%、33.4%。此外,公司于23年2月发布股权激励计划,23-25年净利润考核值为53/58/68亿元,彰显其长期增长信心。 + +■ 国内:国内工程机械板块正处于筑底阶段,部分领域拐点已到。1)起重机:23年M2-M6中国起重机国内市场销量连续四个月正增长,其中随车起重机销量连续4个月内销同比增速超30%,起重机板块部分品类或已进入上行期;2)挖机、混凝土机械:两类产品与地产、基建相关性较高,目前仍处筑底阶段,我们预计新一轮挖机周期有望在24年开启。 + +■ 出口:公司海外市场持续高增长,海外市场打开成长天花板。国内工程机械近年来出口顺利,尤其在“一带一路”国家,17-22年公司海外收入从33.1提升到278.4亿元,期间CAGR超50%,海外收入占比也从17年的11%提升到22年30%;根据Statista数据,全球工程机械市场规模接近1500亿美元,公司在国内市场市占率超20%、而海外市场占率仅为4%,海外市场远期仍具备较大成长空间。 + +■ 多因素驱动,看好公司盈利能力持续提升。公司在22年8月合并徐工有限,注入挖机等高毛利资产实现产品结构优化;此外,上游成本端压力缓解、且费用管控良好,使得公司毛利率在23Q1达到22.6%,同比+7.4pcts、环比提升2.4pcts。随着工程机械上行周期开启、叠加海外出口顺利,看好公司规模效应持续显现,拉动盈利水平,预计23-25年公司净利率为6.3%、6.7%、7.2%。 + +## 盈利预测、估值和评级 + +■ 我们预计公司 23–25 年实现营业收入 1015.8/1176.4/1417.5 亿元,归母净利润为 64.28/72.97/102.47 亿元,对应 PE 分别为 12/10/8 倍。给予公司 23 年 15 倍 PE,对应目标价 8.10 元,首次覆盖给予“买入”评级。 + +## 风险提示 + +■ 下游地产、基建需求不及预期、海外市场竞争加剧、原材料价格上涨风险、汇率波动风险。 + +机械组 + +分析师:满在朋(执业 S1130522030002) + +manzaipeng@gjzq.com.cn + +市价(人民币):6.76元 + +目标价(人民币):8.10元 + + + +## 公司基本情况(人民币) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
项目202120222023E2024E2025E
营业收入(百万元)84,32893,817101,582117,638141,749
营业收入增长率14.01%11.25%8.28%15.81%20.50%
归母净利润(百万元)5,6154,3076,4287,92710,247
归母净利润增长率50.57%-23.29%49.25%23.32%29.27%
摊薄每股收益(元)0.7170.3650.5440.6710.867
每股经营性现金流净额1.030.130.130.990.99
ROE (归属母公司)(摊薄)15.41%8.09%11.28%12.83%15.09%
P/E8.3613.9112.4310.087.79
P/B1.291.121.401.291.18
+ +来源:公司年报、国金证券研究所 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00050.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00050.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c1d6d6cd017771a4bccf52798e4cdceb862a0464 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00050.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +## 晨会集萃 + +制作:产品中心 + +## 重点推荐 + +《策略|增速降档阶段历次跌破-2X后日本股市经验规律——日本系列第二篇》 + +1)跌破-2X 后反弹时点和高度,取决于盈利表现是否改善及改善幅度;弱趋势通常对应 ROE 下行或磨底区间,股债收益差反弹高度在均值之下;强趋势通常对应 ROE 周期上行,股债收益差可以涨至+1X 标准差甚至更高。2)ROE 上行动力来自内生周期和外需提振:2012 年之后日本逐步走出自身衰退周期,ROE 在 2012 年磨底之后趋势上台阶;03-06 年的牛市则是叠加了全球的强补库周期(主要贸易伙伴中国和美国都处在补库周期内)。3)ROE 上行阶段股债收益差高点更高,顺周期板块超额收益也更显著。而在相对弱的复苏区间内,顺周期板块更多是分化走势,市场风格也更为均衡。4)成长和高端制造板块更多取决于自身产业周期:以半导体产业为例,东证电器指数有超额收益的几轮牛市,都对应日本半导体销售上行周期(1993-1994 年,1998-2000 年,2009 年,2012-2015 年)。风险提示:历史数据局限性,中外制度环境差异导致的结论偏差,国际关系变化带来经济金融环境变化等 + +《策略|7月极简复盘:十张图看关键变化&核心逻辑》 + +1)宏观大环境仍是“中美共振去库下的弱复苏”,国内短周期仍在磨底阶段,同时海外需求周期回落,对应指数层面可能更多是基于预期交易的震荡。当前指数层面以及总量强相关板块仍有支撑,下方空间有限,但趋势性的机会可能还需等到实质性政策落地、经济复苏路径更为清晰之后。2)类似13年、19年,虽然指数层面表现一般,但如果有独立的产业周期驱动,市场的结构性机会仍然不错。短期来看,今年产业端驱动最显著的AI主题,在负面冲击(减持)和交易拥挤度消化之后有望企稳。不过在纯粹的主题交易后,后面AI内部可能面临分化和收缩,需要筛选财报业绩能够看到比较明显改善趋势、或者AI赋能可以对应到确定的订单需求的方向。中期维度,可重点关注今明年具备戴维斯双击逻辑的赛道,一是半导体周期(全球半导体销售周期触底叠加国产替代逻辑),二是新能源车(走出降价博弈格局叠加智能汽车的创新驱动)。 + +风险提示:宏观经济风险,政策支持不及预期,中美贸易与科技领域摩擦加剧等。 + +《金工|量化择时周报:市场或短暂整理再出发》 + +1、短期而言,宏观层面,下周市场进入国内通胀和金融数据的发布窗口,市场的风险偏好或将承压;2、中期角度,市场目前估值仍处较低位置,同时政策层面对资本市场也持续呵护,市场后续仍有望持续上行。3、综合来看,短期市场风险偏好或将承压,或将短暂休整,但不改中期上行的判断。我们的行业配置模型显示,8月继续沿用高景气策略,目前我们跟踪的景气度数据显示,分析师预期增速较高并有上调的板块排名靠前的是发电及电网、保险、商贸零售、家电、通用设备。主题方面,TMT 板块方面,各细分指数当前都进入震荡走势,目前以传媒板块缩量明显,或有短暂反弹。同时市场关注度较高的金融地产板块中非银金融上周五成交占比创出新高,并冲高回落,板块或将短暂整理蓄势后继续上行。当前以wind 全 A 为股票配置主体的绝对收益产品建议仓位 80%。 + +风险提示:市场环境变动风险,模型基于历史数据。 + +《宏观|权益胜率赔率皆提升——23年7-9月资产配置报告》 + +## 天风 8 月金股推荐 + + +
简称调入时间
中兴通讯20221230
亨通光电20221230
招商蛇口20230228
立讯精密20230531
科沃斯20230531
中国平安20230630
神州泰岳20230630
中材国际20230630
申能股份20230630
卫星化学20230630
瑞纳智能20230630
中际旭创20230731
中天科技20230731
工业富联20230731
金蝶国际20230731
顶点软件20230731
新致软件20230731
中国电影20230731
中航重机20230731
杭氧股份20230731
九毛九20230731
昊帆生物20230731
恒瑞医药20230731
海信家电20230731
新东方-S20230731
学大教育20230731
浙江正特20230731
森鹰窗业20230731
博迁新材20230731
中国交建20230731
蒙娜丽莎20230731
保利发展20230731
中国国航20230731
吉祥航空20230731
国投电力20230731
浙能电力20230731
温氏股份20230731
快手-W20230731
+ +资料来源:天风证券研究所 + +最新调整日期 2023.07.31 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00051.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00051.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..deb6bafd19906789ce74d3ebdc390b55e3996a1f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00051.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +## 4.7 兰石重装:能源重装龙头,核电产业链自上而下全覆盖 + +☐ 公司主营能源重型装备,包括传统能源化工装备(炼油化工、煤化工、化工新材料等领域)、新能源装备(核能、氢能、光伏光热、储能等领域)、工业智能装备(快速锻造液压机组、工业机器人等)以及节能环保装备等。 + +☐ 核能装备在核能产业链上中下游均有覆盖,主要产品有: + +‧ 上游:核化工非标设备、核燃料贮运容器、贮槽、箱室设备等; + +‧ 中游:核电站压力容器、储罐(核安全2、3级)、板式换热器(核安全3级,是国内首家实现国产替代的民用核级板式换热器设计生产企业)、微通道换热器、高温气冷堆核电站乏燃料现场贮存系统、装卸系统及新燃料运输系统相关设备、HTL电加热器等; + +‧ 下游:核燃料循环后处理厂专用核安全设备(核安全2、3级),包括萃取设备、后处理首端专用设备、产品贮运容器、贮槽、箱室等储罐类设备及热交换器设备。收购的子公司中核嘉华在核燃料贮运容器细分领域具有较高的市场占有率,制造了中国首座50吨核乏燃料后处理中间试验厂的绝大多数非标设备。 + +图:公司近年营收(左轴)及归母净利润(右轴)情况 + + + +图:公司近年毛利率及净利率情况 + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00052.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00052.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3cfcc47d2e6c3e32a67ba10d3ef9d33b8afabec7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00052.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +□ 数据需求方:数据要素能够借助区块链、人工智能等为各行各业赋能,为需求方①降本增效;②加速产品/业务/模型迭代;③创新商业模式。 + +- 数据需求方,包括各类数据分析服务商和行业用户,尤其数据驱动型的公司对数据拥有强烈的需求。 + +- AI赋能背景下,数据使用门槛降低,三类数据需求方将获业务和业绩边际改善:(1)AI大模型及小模型自研企业,优质数据加速模型迭代,构筑核心竞争壁垒;2)第三方数据服务商,优质数据改进其核心服务能力;3)公司AI赋能下使用数据,实现收入增厚或降本增效的下游数据需求方,如AI+游戏(数据挖掘、智能投放等生产力辅助工具)、AI+营销(用户数据分析实现精准营销)、以及AI+教育(教学数据智能诊断分析等)等典型应用领域。 + +## 图表27:数据需求主体及类型 + +
需求主体数据品种核心数据类型
医药公司、医药设备公司等医疗数据病历数据、就诊数据、药品流通
銀行、小貸公司、互联网金融公司金融数据企业数据、个人数据、个体户数量
企业数据中小微企业数据、外资企业数据等
能源企业能源数据石油、天然气等所有相关的数据
车联网、汽车公司、汽车后市场交通数据停车场数据、车辆位置数据等
供应链相关企业商品数据电子标签数据、商品物流数据等
金融机构、汽车公司、消费品公司消费数据个人消费数据、个人征信数据等
教育类机构教育数据学习轨迹数据、教育消费数据
政府相关部门社会数据与社会管理、政府管理有关的数据
其他(如科研机构等)社交数据与社交相关的所有数据
政府数据政府统计数据、政府审批数据等
电商数据商品交易数据、商品流通数据等
+ +## 图表28:AI赋能下利用数据受益的三类需求方 + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00053.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00053.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0a1083fb43fd09e63e5456c92cd038a7b260e731 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00053.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +## 3. 行业层面:出行链+竣工链的改善相对明显 + +从累计净利润增速来看一级行业: + +景气边际改善:出行链+竣工链的改善相对明显,社服、建材、汽车、交运、轻工、纺服、军工23Q2边际改善较大,23Q2-23Q1均保持在10%以上;电子、传媒、医药有所改善;其中,社服23Q2累计净利润增速边际改善较大,主要是由于22年上半年的大幅亏损。 + +维持高景气的行业:受到去年同期低基数的影响,高增速行业依然主要集中在出行链,社服、公用事业、美容护理、汽车、交运 23Q2 累计净利润增速均达到 20%以上,维持较高增速。 + +图 13:申万一级累计净利润增速 + + + + + + + +
行业2022Q22022Q32022Q42023Q12023Q223Q1-22Q423Q2-23Q1趋势图
社会服务-343.6%-183.9%-56.9%149.1%196.4%206.0%47.3%
建筑材料-27.8%-36.5%-46.5%-65.4%-40.6%-19.0%24.8%
汽车-22.6%-7.0%1.6%9.6%28.7%8.0%19.0%
交通运输-23.3%-27.9%-44.5%3.2%21.0%47.7%17.8%
轻工制造-36.8%-29.6%-32.0%-28.1%-11.7%3.9%16.4%
纺织服饰-14.0%-18.5%-43.1%-5.9%8.0%37.1%14.0%
国防军工4.8%6.4%-7.3%-5.2%5.4%2.1%10.6%
电子-17.2%-23.3%-29.1%-57.4%-48.6%-28.3%8.8%
传媒-25.9%-27.5%-65.9%5.7%14.2%71.6%8.5%
医药生物7.2%5.5%-5.8%-27.6%-21.3%-21.8%6.3%
商贸零售-18.8%-21.6%91.7%6.7%11.3%-85.0%4.6%
机械设备-19.0%-15.9%-9.5%-0.9%2.5%8.6%3.5%
家用电器13.0%12.2%8.8%11.3%12.8%2.5%1.5%
银行7.5%8.0%7.6%2.4%3.5%-5.2%1.1%
环保-16.3%-9.5%-13.3%1.1%1.7%14.4%0.6%
通信17.6%16.2%16.3%9.2%9.0%-7.1%-0.2%
美容护理-13.9%-15.3%-35.2%29.8%29.2%65.0%-0.5%
钢铁-53.1%-71.3%-73.2%-70.0%-70.8%3.2%-0.8%
房地产-65.1%-74.2%-158.9%-12.7%-14.3%146.2%-1.7%
食品饮料13.0%12.5%12.7%18.2%14.9%5.4%-3.3%
石油石化42.9%34.0%30.3%-9.6%-13.9%-39.9%-4.2%
基础化工21.0%4.3%-7.7%-48.0%-52.9%-40.3%-4.9%
建筑装饰5.0%3.7%7.7%12.0%4.7%4.3%-7.3%
公用事业-18.8%2.9%54.7%40.7%31.6%-14.0%-9.1%
有色金属107.2%78.4%70.2%-21.2%-32.0%-91.4%-10.8%
电力设备70.3%68.2%80.2%31.6%17.9%-48.6%-13.7%
煤炭96.0%68.2%48.9%2.0%-27.8%-47.0%-29.7%
计算机-36.6%-42.2%-42.2%56.4%2.8%98.6%-53.6%
农林牧渔-186.9%185.7%154.4%70.7%8.5%-83.7%-62.2%
非银金融-19.6%-22.6%-27.0%64.3%1.7%91.3%-62.6%
综合-248.6%63.6%-138.0%-46.5%-136.6%91.6%-90.1%
+ +资料来源:Wind,天风证券研究所 + +从累计净利润增速来看二级行业: + +景气边际改善:受到去年同期低基数的影响,边际改善较大的行业主要集中消费板块,出行链比较明显,航海装备、商用车、影视影院、酒店餐饮、其他电源设备、旅游及景区、服装家纺、化妆品、一般零售等行业的累计净利润增速改善较大,23Q2-23Q1 均保持在25%以上。 + +维持高景气的行业:航海装备、商用车、影视影院、房地产服务、酒店餐饮、旅游及景区、教育、其他电源设备等 23Q2 累计净利润增速达到 100%以上,维持较高增速。 + +图 14:申万二级累计净利润增速 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00054.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00054.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bcf07292b21dbe5ef7a2e3e38d8b97838a3cf355 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00054.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +图 28:华为生态进展乐观 + + + + + + + + +
银行名称招标时间项目名称中标时间是否开标招标内容中标人/候选人金额(万元)
全国性银行
交通银行6月25日交通银行海光服务器框架采购项目招标公告7月26日海光服务器框架中兴通讯、浪潮电子、紫光华山-
6月25日交通银行股份有限公司国产AI服务器(鲲鹏)选型项目8月1日国产AI服务器(鲲鹏)虹信软件、神州数码-
中国邮政储蓄银行6月26日中国邮政储蓄银行openGauss数据库工具开发工程<br>华为数据库技术支持服务单一来源采前公示-openGauss数据库工具开发工程--
7月14日中国邮政储蓄银行2023年IT及运网络设备入围选选型采购项目(包1PC服务器(鲲鹏))公开征集公告-PC服务器(鲲鹏)--
7月14日中国邮政储蓄银行2023年IT及运网络设备入围选选型采购项目(包1PC服务器(海光))公开征集公告-PC服务器(海光)--
7月14日中国邮政储蓄银行2023年IT及运网络设备入围选选型采购项目(包1PC服务器(海光)(AI型))公开征集公告-PC服务器(海光)(AI型)--
工商银行7月17日中国工商银行股份有限公司2023年度鲲鹏芯片服务器二路项目-2023年度鲲鹏芯片服务器二路--
7月17日中国工商银行股份有限公司2023年度飞腾芯片服务器项目-2023年度飞腾芯片服务器--
7月17日中国工商银行股份有限公司2023年度海光芯片服务器项目-2023年度海光芯片服务器--
7月17日中国工商银行股份有限公司2023年度鲲鹏芯片服务器四路项目2023年度鲲鹏芯片服务器四路--
中国银行-中国银行股份有限公司广东省分行2023信创服务器虚拟化软件采购项目 竞争性谈判公告-采购24个云宏国产信创服务器虚拟化软件授权许可证--
建设银行7月18日中国建设银行国产分布式图数据库选型测试供应商征集公告-通过麒麟软件认证,兼容鲲鹏服务器的数据库--
股份制银行
渤海银行3月8日渤海银行国产化操作系统等基础软件许可增采及人天服务采购项目5月9日渤海银行国产化操作系统等基础软件许可增采及人天服务采购神州数码-
广发银行4月23日广发银行(总行)二路2UX86服务器设备框架协议采购项目(第二次)5月19日二路2U X86服务器设备,签订为期1年的框架合同中兴通讯-
华夏银行6月19日华夏银行绍兴分行深信服服务器采购项目供应商征集公告-华夏银行绍兴分行深信服服务器采购--
中信银行5月9日中国银行全行ARM芯片服务器入围采购项目6月21日估采购ARM芯片服务器数量为13074台华为技术、虹信软件-
5月12日中信银行全行C86芯片服务器入围采购项目6月28日采购C86芯片服务器数量为5531台浪潮电子、中兴通讯、紫光恒越-
7月13日中信银行股份有限公司通用基础设施集成商入入围采购项目招标公告8月4日340,094万元ARM芯片服务器、102020C86万元芯片服务器,100000万元数据中心级别交换路由、11,850万元非数据中心级别交换路由、9850万元防火墙设备、17,000万元波分设备、39,348万元集中式ARM高端存储、23400万元分布式ARM对象存储、8,972万元云中高端存储光纤交换机,合计652,534万元宇信科技、新晨科技、润天股份、神州数码、南天信息、深圳市紫金支点技术股份有限公司652534
光大银行4月18日中国光大银行鲲鹏CPU服务器及配件选型入围项目7月11日全行鲲鹏CPU服务器及配件选型入围招标,对十二类整机单价和十五类配件将单价进行招标银信科技、北明软件-
7月14日中国光大银行桌面终端国产操作系统选型入围项目公开招标公告-中国光大银行桌面终端国产操作系统选型入围项目公开招标公告--
民生银行7月23日中国民生银行股份有限公司2023年商业软件许可及服务采购项目-10个物理节点的OceanBase数据库软件授权--
招商银行-招商银行2023年度第一批鲲鹏服务器项目采购结果公告5月22日鲲鹏服务器-XC-RDB 930台宝德计算机系统股份有限公司、河南昆仑技术有限公司、紫光恒越技术有限公司-
上海浦东发展银行5月22日上海浦东发展银行股份有限公司信用卡中心2023年度信创服务器框架入围采购项目6月19日拟采购机架服务器,服务器需与现有环境自动化运维工具硬件监控等相兼容上海龙田数码科技有限公司-
7月3日上海浦东发展银行2023年度总行海光芯片机架式服务器第一批次集采8月10日海光芯片机架式服务器万司股份、上海华讯网络存储系统有限责任公司、神州数码9510.08
7月12日上海浦东发展银行股份有限公司信用卡中心2023年度信创服务器入围采购项目8月7日海光芯片服务器中电科数字技术股份有限公司320
7月17日上海国际招标有限公司关于上海浦东发展银行股份有限公司信用卡中心2023年存储国产芯片采购项目8月10日NAS存储+SAN存储(CPU须采用国产自主研发的CPU芯片龙芯兆芯鲲鹏海光申威飞腾)上海华讯网络存储系统有限责任公司1061.86
8月15日上海浦东发展银行股份有限公司信用卡中心信用卡核心系统重构改造之鲲鹏芯片服务器采购项目-应用类服务器+基础类服务器--
-上海浦东发展银行信用卡中心营销行为回溯系统OceanBase数据库采购项目6月8日营销行为回溯系统OceanBase数据库中亦安图52.7
恒丰银行8月17日恒丰银行WEB中间件软件入围采购项目-同时适配鲲鹏芯片、海光芯片、麒麟或统信服务器操作系统的WEB应用中间件软件许可。--
城商行/农商行(wind总资产排名前30,剔除空值)
东莞农村商业银行5月17日2023年苏州银行国产中间件许可货物采购项目6月6日国产中间件苏州市思索电脑有限责任公司41
5月23日东莞农村商业银行股份有限公司东莞农村商业银行通用关系型数据库选型项目市场调研公告其他-通用关系型数据库
江苏银行6月21日江苏银行股份有限公司用户中台国产分布式数据库配套采购项目7月18日华为Gauss分布式数据库软件许可、服务器、交换机江苏开博科技有限公司1336.58
重庆银行6月25日重庆银行贵阳分行服务器采购项目(二次)7月26日服务器成都图睿信息技术有限公司11.8
-重庆银行PC服务器2023年度采购分包一的中标候选人公示8月15日PC服务器江苏汇通金科数据股份有限公司1700
宁波银行4月19日宁波银行2023年第三批设备采购项目(服务器)5月11日华为鲲鹏服务器及配件、浪潮服务器上海腾源达信息科技有限公司、浙江远拓网络科技有限公司、浙江诚兢智能科技有限公司、上海發达信息科技有限公司、宁波朝日数码科技发展有限公司、浙江硕果信息科技有限公司、神州数码
7月4日宁波银行2023年第五批设备采购项目(服务器及交换机)7月27日鲲鹏服务器、飞腾腾悦PC终端、飞腾腾悦笔记本
长沙银行7月11日长沙银行股份有限公司创新基础软件(集中式数据库、服务器操作系统、应用服务器中间件)授权采购项目8月3日达梦、人大金仓集中式数据库、麒麟服务器操作系统、应用服务器中间件湖南顺米科技有限公司59.52
上海银行7月13日上海银行2023年度PC服务器(ARM架构)入围选型项目-PC服务器(ARM架构)
南京银行7月17日南京银行股份有限公司OLAP分布式国产数据库扩容升级建设及人力维保项目-OLAP分布式国产数据库
北京银行7月19日北京银行2023年GPU服务器采购项目8月15日24台 GPU服务器荣联科技集团股份有限公司918.11
中原银行6月6日中原银行2023年上半年信息系统基础软硬件扩容量采购项目-PC服务器采购项目6月28日PC服务器河南省维佳计算机系统集成有限公司312.99
7月25日中原银行2023年信息技术应用创新项目-百川平台数据库ARM服务器采购项目8月16日百川平台数据库ARM服务器北京华胜天成科技股份有限公司324.9
+ +资料来源:采招网、天风证券研究所 + +运营商信创:运营商引领,国产 AI 服务器采购加速。8 月 20 日,中国电信发布《中国电信 AI 算力服务器(2023-2024 年)集中采购项目集中资格预审公告》。中国电信此次 AI 服务器集采分 4 个标包,标包 1 和标包 2 均为 I 系列服务器,合计包括 2073 台训练型风冷服务器、125 台训练型液冷服务器和 1182 台 InfiniBand 交换机;标包 3 和标包 4 为 G 系列服务器,1048 台训练型风冷服务器和 929 台训练型液冷服务器。中国电信此次集中采购合计采购 4175 台训练服务器,与之对比,中国电信 2021-2022 年服务器集中采购项目中,仅采购 1268 台 GPU 型服务器,此次集采 AI 服务器数量大幅增长,佐证国内 AI 服务器高景气度。此次采购项目预计国产占比约 47.5%,我们认为,运营商引领下,国内 AI 信创有望加速。 + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00055.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00055.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8d05e2d02071aa1fcf8dffe3666e40eb2cac658c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00055.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ + +当子女出国留学时,安全(71%)是家长群体首要担忧的问题,包括社会治安、出行安全、健康问题、财产安全等。其次是语言环境适应困难(52%)以及缺乏中国文化归属感(51%)。 + +而从留学生角度,语言环境适应困难(44%)是其留学期间碰到的主要问题。在出国留学初期,由于缺少当地语言文化相关的知识,他们在学习交流以及日常生活的沟通中,难免存在语言理解障碍。其次是安全问题(37%)。此外,留学生对当地医疗体系不熟,遇到健康问题,可能无法及时得到解决。中国文化熏陶较少(36%)排在第三。此外,与父母产生疏离感(32%)、学习节奏跟不上(31%)以及生活自理能力不足也是国际教育期间面对的主要问题。 + +美国(22%)是国际教育家长最青睐的留学目的地,其次英国(19%)。加拿大和澳大利亚紧跟其后。传统四大留学强国地位稳固。此外,其他欧洲国家总计比例达21%,新加坡、新西兰、日本也在选择范围内,呈现出多元化的留学趋势。 + + + +数据来源:2021胡润国际教育白皮书专项调研 + + + +数据来源:2021胡润国际教育白皮书专项调研 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00056.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00056.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..32cfc536d7642d21060283e0ab8a2cf2013cd18f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00056.md @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +表 2: 康恩贝剥离资产梳理 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
时间对象金额(万元)股份交易原因
2016 年12 月珍诚医药3450557.25%政策变化,降低不确定性
2021 年12 月珍视明16800040%回笼资金,聚焦主业,推
2023 年4 月珍视明290007.84%进珍视明对接资本市场
2021 年8 月兰州小贷533730%回笼资金,聚焦主业
2022 年1 月迪耳药业357725%回笼资金,聚焦主业
2022 年1 月大晶眼健康10019.60%回笼资金,聚焦主业
2022 年7 月邳州众康4051%回笼资金,聚焦主业
2022 年11 月贵州拜特12127土地使用权和厂房盘活存量资产,聚焦主业
+ +资料来源:公司公告、招商证券 + +图 4: 康恩贝股权结构(截至 1H2023) + + + +资料来源:公司公告、招商证券 + +深入推进大品牌大品种战略,公司产品矩阵丰富。经过50多年的积累,公司主营业务涵盖中药大健康和化学制药两大领域,形成了丰富的品牌森林,2017年公司启动大品牌大品种工程,重点提升核心潜力产品的增长空间。2022年底公司拥有销售额过亿品种15个,其中包括1个10亿以上品种康恩贝肠炎宁系列,10个2-5亿品种以及4个1-2亿品种,过亿品种合计销售额40.9亿元,可比口径增长11%,占公司总营收比达到68.16%,大品牌大品种战略成效显著。公司品牌森林涵盖康恩贝、前列康、天保宁、金奥康、金笛、金康、天施康等多个知名品牌,在消化系统、呼吸系统、心脑血管、泌尿系统等疾病领域形成了完善的产品布局,能够满足患者多层次需求。 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00057.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00057.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d746a23a59282d5169ab83930c0468b62fd74de9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00057.md @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +## 分析师承诺 + +本报告署名分析师具有中国证券业协会授予的证券投资咨询执业资格并登记为注册分析师,基于认真审慎的工作态度、专业严谨的研究方法与分析逻辑得出研究结论,独立、客观地出具本报告,并对本报告的内容和观点负责。本报告清晰准确地反映了研究人员的研究观点,结论不受任何第三方的授意、影响,研究人员不曾因、不因、也将不会因本报告中的具体推荐意见或观点而直接或间接收到任何形式的补偿。 + +## 评级说明 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
投资建议评级标准评级说明
以报告发布日后的12 个月内公司股价(或行业指数)相对同期基准指数的涨跌幅为基准。其
中:A 股以沪深300 指数为基准;新三板以三板成指或三板做市指数为基准;港股以恒生指
数为基准;美股以纳斯达克综合指数或标普
500 指数为基准。
公司评级推荐相对基准指数涨幅15 %以上
谨慎推荐相对基准指数涨幅5 %~15 %之间
中性相对基准指数涨幅-5 %~5 %之间
回避相对基准指数跌幅5 %以上
行业评级推荐相对基准指数涨幅5 %以上
中性相对基准指数涨幅-5 %~5 %之间
回避相对基准指数跌幅5 %以上
+ +## 免责声明 + +民生证券股份有限公司(以下简称“本公司”)具有中国证监会许可的证券投资咨询业务资格。 + +本报告仅供本公司境内客户使用。本公司不会因接收人收到本报告而视其为客户。本报告仅为参考之用,并不构成对客户的投资建议,不应被视为买卖任何证券、金融工具的要约或要约邀请。本报告所包含的观点及建议并未考虑个别客户的特殊状况、目标或需要,客户应当充分考虑自身特定状况,不应单纯依靠本报告所载的内容而取代个人的独立判断。在任何情况下,本公司不对任何人因使用本报告中的任何内容而导致的任何可能的损失负任何责任。 + +本报告是基于已公开信息撰写,但本公司不保证该等信息的准确性或完整性。本报告所载的资料、意见及预测仅反映本公司于发布本报告当日的判断,且预测方法及结果存在一定程度局限性。在不同时期,本公司可发出与本报告所刊载的意见、预测不一致的报告,但本公司没有义务和责任及时更新本报告所涉及的内容并通知客户。 + +在法律允许的情况下,本公司及其附属机构可能持有报告中提及的公司所发行证券的头寸并进行交易,也可能为这些公司提供或正在争取提供投资银行、财务顾问、咨询服务等相关服务,本公司的员工可能担任本报告所提及的公司的董事。客户应充分考虑可能存在的利益冲突,勿将本报告作为投资决策的唯一参考依据。 + +若本公司以外的金融机构发送本报告,则由该金融机构独自为此发送行为负责。该机构的客户应联系该机构以交易本报告提及的证券或要求获悉更详细的信息。本报告不构成本公司向发送本报告金融机构之客户提供的投资建议。本公司不会因任何机构或个人从其他机构获得本报告而将其视为本公司客户。 + +本报告的版权仅归本公司所有,未经书面许可,任何机构或个人不得以任何形式、任何目的进行翻版、转载、发表、篡改或引用。所有在本报告中使用的商标、服务标识及标记,除非另有说明,均为本公司的商标、服务标识及标记。本公司版权所有并保留一切权利。 + +## 民生证券研究院: + +上海:上海市浦东新区浦明路8号财富⾦融⼴场1幢5F;200120 + +北京:北京市东城区建国门内大街 28 号民生金融中心 A 座 18 层; 100005 + +深圳:广东省深圳市福田区益田路6001号太平金融大厦32层05单元;518026 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00058.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00058.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..893e5056b16b45d93347848edbd1507765672e5a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00058.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +图 29. 分众传媒发展历程 + + + +数据来源:分众公司公告,财通证券研究所 + +公司在细分高铁传媒领域市占率超过 70%,覆盖一二线城市主要高铁站点。公司媒体资源沿我国高铁线路布局,覆盖“八横八纵”主要干线。深色部分显示,公司以北京、上海、广州、深圳一线城市为核,着重覆盖长三角、珠三角、环渤海、东北、中部、西南部等主要经济圈。 + +图 30. 公司全国运营站点分布 + + + +数据来源:公司招股书,财通证券研究所 + +兆讯与可比公司存在差异性,主营领域具有竞争优势。与竞争公司华铁传媒、南京永达传媒等对比,公司运营媒体资源主要为分布在高铁站候车区的数码刷屏机、 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00059.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00059.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d04e189fed5c82feedd0f081d53fde1141aa7d3b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00059.md @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +## 真人电影根基牢固,动画电影竞争力卓越 +光线传媒(300251.SZ)首次覆盖报告 + +证券研究报告 + +2022年03月21日 + +## 核心结论 + +2022年有望迎来影片供给修复和票房复苏。据猫眼统计,2021年票房470亿元,约为2019年的73%,春节档、清明节、五一档和十一档等热门档期均超过或者接近2019年同期水平,但因影片供给仍受疫情影响,非热门档期票房下滑幅度较大。若2022年疫情得到控制,优质影片的上映数量将增加,非热门档期票房迎来修复,我们预计2022年票房增长10%。 + +光线传媒拥有较为深厚的喜剧/爱情类电影出品经验。在高票房市占率的喜剧/爱情类型片领域,光线拥有成熟制作经验和艺人成本优势,近5年来每年出品3-5部单片平均票房超5亿元的喜剧/爱情电影。随着电影市场对疫情的适应能力增强,光线有望迎来电影产能修复,每年上映真人电影数量将恢复至疫情前12-15部/年的水平,票房收入也有望取得同步增长。 + +光线传媒在高成长性的动画电影赛道占据头部位置。近十年中/美/日动画电影平均票房市占率为10%/16%/27%,我们预计国内动画电影渗透率提升空间较大。光线通过投资绑定国内主要头部动画制作方和大量优质IP,出品动画电影累计票房近75亿元。光线正在针对“封神”、“西游”以及“大鱼海棠”等高知名度动画IP开发系列电影,未来票房具备较高弹性。 + +投资猫眼与发行业务形成协同。光线参股的猫眼娱乐在互联网票务市场份额稳定在60%以上,票务平台是观众获取电影信息的首选,且实时掌握上映电影供需,为光线提供互联网营销数据支持,在发行端形成合力。 + +投资建议:预计公司21/22/23年归母净利润为2.2/11.0/11.9亿元,EPS为0.07/0.38/0.41元/股,对应PE为108x/21x/20x,公司在动画电影赛道具备的领先优势,参股猫眼娱乐与公司在电影发行端形成业务增长合力,但考虑到疫情反复造成部分地区影院阶段性歇业,可能影响电影上映进度,给予公司22年25倍PE,目标价9.38元,首次覆盖,给予“增持”评级。 + +风险提示:疫情恶化;电影制作周期具有不确定性;票房不达预期等。 + +## 核心数据 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
201920202021E2022E2023E
营业收入(百万元)2,8291,1591,1272,3562,726
增长率90%-59%-3%109%16%
归母净利润(百万元)9482912191,1011,188
增长率-31%-69%-25%403%8%
每股收益(EPS )0.320.100.070.380.41
市盈率(P /E )24.980.9107.621.419.8
市净率(P /B )2.62.62.62.42.2
+ +数据来源:公司财务报表,西部证券研发中心 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
公司评级增持
股票代码300251
前次评级
评级变动首次
当前价格8.03
+ +## 近一年股价走势 + + + +分析师 + +
👤李艳丽S0800518050001
021-38584239
liyanli@research.xbmail.com.cn
+ +相关研究 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00060.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00060.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..02cdeb62876c853d97532f395b291b9c8c659a15 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00060.md @@ -0,0 +1,563 @@ +## 利润表(百万元) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
2021A2022E2023E2024E
营业收入23607269042878433298
%同比增速29%14%7%16%
营业成本15730177771901322374
毛利78779128977110925
%营业收入33%34%34%33%
税金及附加202269345499
%营业收入1%1%1%2%
销售费用263404461533
%营业收入1%2%2%2%
管理费用357430489566
%营业收入2%2%2%2%
研发费用86299510651232
%营业收入4%4%4%4%
财务费用481272191117
%营业收入2%1%1%0%
资产减值损失-150-68-78-82
信用减值损失9000
其他收益38131423
投资收益289135212246
净敞口套期收益0000
公允价值变动收益0000
资产处置收益3355
营业利润5901683973738168
%营业收入25%25%26%25%
营业外收支-511-197-260-323
利润总额5390664271137846
%营业收入23%25%25%24%
所得税费用6879099821083
净利润4702573261316763
%营业收入20%21%21%20%
归属于母公司的净利润4247515955186087
%同比增速584%21%7%10%
少数股东损益456573613676
EPS(元/股)3.824.644.965.47
+ +## 资产负债表(百万元) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
2021A2022E2023E2024E
货币资金319476301251618754
交易性金融资产0000
应收票据及应收账款899117412211402
存货2393231325013009
预付款项128142177194
合同资产0000
其他流动资产1742197122892669
流动资产合计8355132301870326028
长期股权投资1955223725282819
固定资产16455168031707517250
在建工程2901294430003044
无形资产2006202220452071
商誉831790753726
递延所得税资产173173173173
其他非流动资产812754758763
资产总计33488389534503652872
短期借款3983273921161805
应付票据及应付账款3835410243775144
预收账款47545867
合同负债7028899511119
应付职工薪酬305373437470
应交税费675673664820
其他流动负债7350645758315601
流动负债合计12915125481231813220
长期借款3844399541774348
应付债券0000
递延所得税负债158158158158
其他非流动负债1187113711371137
负债合计18105178381778918863
归属于母公司的所有者权益13828189872450530591
少数股东权益1555212827413418
股东权益15383211152724634009
负债及股东权益33488389534503652872
+ +## 基本指标 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
2021A2022E2023E2024E
EPS3.824.644.965.47
BVPS12.4417.0822.0427.52
PE8.717.176.706.07
PEG0.010.330.960.59
PB2.671.951.511.21
EV/EBITDA6.665.064.133.09
ROE31%27%23%20%
ROIC21%18%16%15%
+ +## 现金流量表(百万元) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
2021A2022E2023E2024E
经营活动现金流净额5337797177988863
投资-123-281-291-290
资本性支出-1302-1903-2066-2117
其他46115192226
投资活动现金流净额-1379-2070-2165-2181
债权融资0000
股权融资839000
银行贷款增加(减少)7895-1094-441-140
筹资成本-796-320-306-305
其他-10553-5100
筹资活动现金流净额-2615-1465-747-445
现金净流量1327443648866238
+ +数据来源:携宁科技云估值,万联证券研究所 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00061.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00061.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0a0e41b39e895191f5baae9af0b9cd46677ed13f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00061.md @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +技术,生产出的产品各具特点,可实现技术体系的有效互补。 + +图表31:HPHT与CVD技术流程与产品特点对比 + + + +资料来源:力量钻石招股书、国盛证券研究所 + +高温高压法(HPHT)原理: 模拟天然钻石形成环境(1400℃以上超高温, 5.4GPa 超高压), 在铁、镍、钴、锰等金属触媒的催化下, 破坏石墨原有的片状晶体结构, 发生相变形成正四面体结构的金刚石。技术应用上, HPHT 法可细分为静压触媒法、静压直接转变法与晶种触媒法, 分别用于生产磨料级金刚石、微细金刚石粉末和人造宝石级金刚石。 + + +化学气相沉积法(CVD)原理:在超高温与低压条件下从氮、甲烷、氢气的混合气体中离解出活性碳原子,通过控制沉积生长条件促使碳原子在晶体上沉积交互生长出金刚石晶体。技术应用上,CVD法可细分为微波等离子体CVD法、直流电弧等离子体法、热丝CVD法和火焰燃烧CVD法,四种细分CVD法原理相同,仅是碳原子沉积设备有所差异。当前微波等离子体法是CVD技术合成钻石的主流方法,具备无污染,质量高,纯度高,生长面积可控等优势。工业领域中,高温高压法用于培育小颗粒金刚石单晶,可应用于制作超硬材料,化学气相沉积法可生长单层金刚石,可应用于光、电、声等功能性材料。消费领域中,高温高压法技术成熟,生长速度较快,成本优势明显;化学气相沉积法可合成5克拉以上的大颗粒培育钻石,虽具备高净度的特点,但培育周期较长,生产成本高昂,钻石颜色控制难度较高。 + +图表 32: 培育钻石 HPHT 与 CVD 技术对比 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
类型项目高温高压法(HPHT )化学气相沉积法(CVD )
合成技术主要原料石墨粉、金属触媒粉含碳气体、氢气
生产设备六面顶压机CVD 沉积设备
合成环境高温高压环境高温低压环境
合成产品主要产品金刚石单晶、培育钻石金刚石膜、培育钻石
产品特点颗粒状片状
培育钻石生长速度快、成本低、纯净度稍差,宜合成1 -5ct 钻石 周期长、成本高、颜色不易控制、净度高,易合成5ct 以上钻石
应用情况应用领域金刚石单晶用于加工工具的核心耗材,培育钻用于饰品主要作为光、电、声等功能性材料,少量用于工具和饰品
主要性能超硬、耐磨、抗腐蚀等力学性能光、电、磁、声、热等性能
应用程度技术成熟,国内应用广泛且在全球具备明显优势国外技术相对成熟,国内尚处于研究阶段,应用成果较少
+ +资料来源:力量钻石招股书、国盛证券研究所 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00062.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00062.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4f4b3fbb8f8279bfa04c11d560976d113e61f918 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00062.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +## 高镍化:材料厂加速布局,龙头享受技术溢价 + +SCS 东吴证券 +SOOCHOW SECURITIES + +◆ 头部电池厂完成技术布局,实现小批量出货。松下、LG新能源、三星SDI、SKI等电池龙头,都已经宣布即将量产甚至已经量产镍含量90%的新型电池产品,宁德时代规划中,现有的高镍811体系,到下一步高镍+硅体系产业化的应用,有望实现300Wh/kg能量密度,超高镍+硅体系未来也有希望冲击400Wh/kg的能量密度。 + +◆ 正极龙头厂商实现大批量出货,完成技术卡位,获得超额技术溢价。容百科技高镍布局领先,在Ni90型超高镍实现国内外客户小批量供应,Ni95及以上超高镍材料实现小试工艺定型,我们预计2022年上半年实现超高镍产品大批量出货;当升科技Ni90型高镍多元材料实现向海外大批量出口,Ni95产品已完成国际客户验证。正极利润点在于一体化降本+技术领先,超高镍技术壁垒价高短期溢价较强,我们预计加工费较8系产品更高,毛利率大幅高于5系和6系,享受技术溢价。 + +图 超高镍三元材料及三元前驱体进展 + +
企业进展
容百科技Ni90型超高镍实现国内外客户小批量供应,Ni95及以上超高镍材料实现小试工艺定型
当升科技Ni90型高镍多元材料实现向海外大批量出口,Ni95产品已完成国际客户验证
中伟股份8系产品及9系产品均取得突破,其中无钴单晶完成批量认证和审厂
格林美高镍低钴9系高镍前驱体批量供货
巴莫科技9系NCM、NCMA进入量产阶段
+ +图 超高镍三元电池进展 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
企业进展
宁德时代Ni90 型超高镍实现国内外客户小批量供应,Ni95 及以上超高镍材料实现小试工艺定型
松下已经向特斯拉大规模供应钴含量低于5 %的NCA 电池
LG ES为特斯拉供应高镍NCMA 四元圆柱电池,22 年为通用汽车生产供应NCMA 四元电池
SKI19 年宣布年内开发镍含量达90 %的下一代高镍电池,2021 展示了最新的NCM 9/0.5/0.5体系
三星SDI已经开始生产镍含量达91 %的NCA 圆柱电池,将应用在电动汽车领域
diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00063.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00063.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e8fdf9b70bc6a7498c156acd5b2d7b2f3f786580 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00063.md @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +## 教育 + +## 粉笔科技:技术赋能培训,OMO融合发展 + +公司为线上+线下融合快速发展的职业考试培训龙头。公司业务起始于2013年,目前主要通过在线及线下的方式提供公考、事业单位招录、教师招录等招录和资格考试培训课程。公司于2022年2月28日向港交所递交招股书。 + +线下培训扩张驱动收入规模高增长,正价付费人次快速提升。公司 2020 年 /2021Q1-Q3 营业收入分别为 21.32/26.33 亿元,同增 83.7%/79.5%;正价课付费人次同增 33.0%/57.7% 至 179.3/204.8 万人。公司业务源于在线培训,于 2020 年 5 月大范围推广线下培训,驱动了收入规模的快速增长,2021Q1-Q3 线下培训营收占比已达到 49.8%,形成线上+线下并行高速发展格局。 + +职业考试培训行业:市场规模稳健增长,渗透率持续提升。我国职业考试培训市场规模有望从2020年的646亿元提升至2026年的1230亿元,CAGR达到11.3%。分品类看,公职人员/事业单位/教师招录考试培训2020年市场规模126/115/67亿元,至2026年市场规模268/184/153亿元,CAGR分别为13.4%/8.1%/14.8%。就业竞争加剧、技术升级以及OMO一体化为驱动市场规模增长,亦驱动培训渗透率从2020年的26.4%提升至2026年的33.1%。职业考试培训机构竞争格局呈现长尾态势,2020年CR5=27.4%,公司以2020年19亿的培训收入获得2.9%的市场占有率,位列行业第三名 + +在线用户规模领先,线上线下融合发展。公司作为在线职业考试培训的先行者,具备在线培训课程、在线学习产品以及粉笔在线平台等丰富的产品矩阵,截至 2021 年末已累积超过 3770 万名注册用户以及 4530 万线上付费人次。基于在线庞大用户池,公司 2021 年所有线下课程付费学员中约 67.5% 来自在线产品付费用户。公司线下渠道快速铺开,截至 2021 年末已覆盖中国 31 个省、自治区及直辖市的 260 多个城市,共拥有 363 个运营中心。公司具备专业研发及讲师团队,课程迭代能力强,并对讲师进行严格筛选以及系统性培训,确保讲师紧跟学员需求、录取标准、考试数据、考试要求及其他关键行业趋势的变化。 + +募集资金用途。公司本次递交招股书的募集资金用途包括:1)加强和升级现有课程内容,特别是教师资格/教师招录/考研课程;2)开发和推出需求高且增长潜力大的职业技能培训课程,如信息技术及烹饪技术;3)加强技术开发能力和改善技术及基础设施;4)招聘更多经验丰富的内容开发人员,加强内容开发能力;5)选择性寻求投资及收购机遇,帮助渗透中国非学历职业教育培训市场的邻近领域;6)通过各种渠道投放广告及举办促销活动,为新开发的课程开展营销活动;7)营运资本及一般企业用途。 + +风险提示:招录政策变化不确定性风险;市场竞争加剧;线下业务招生不及预期;疫情复发风险。 + +## 增持(维持) + +## 行业走势 + + + +## 作者 + +分析师 鞠兴海 + +执业证书编号:S0680518030002 + +邮箱:juxinghai@gszq.com + +分析师 孟鑫 + +执业证书编号:S0680520090003 + +邮箱:mengxin@gszq.com + +研究助理 李宣霖 + +执业证书编号:S0680120040029 + +邮箱:lixuanlin@gszq.com + +## 相关研究 + +1、《教育:民办高教 FY21 年报总结:稳健增长延续,政策趋向明朗》2021-12-10 + +2、《教育:政策导向明晰,高教/职教前途明朗》 +2021-11-18 + +3、《教育:政策分析:职教再出政策利好,首推民办高教板块》2021-10-13 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00064.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00064.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3775ad311187c17f3e79fcd7bfbaecf810555f4b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00064.md @@ -0,0 +1,142 @@ +## 比亚迪(002594.SZ) + +## 汽车业务高速增长,新能源车市占率持续提升 + +增持 + +## 核心观点 + +营业收入增长 38%,归母净利润同比下降 28%。公司 2021 年实现营收 2161 亿元,同比增长 38%;毛利润 281 亿元,同比减少 7%;归母净利润 30.5 亿元,同比减少 28%;毛利率/净利率分别为 13.0%/1.4%,同比减少 6.4/1.3pct。2021 年四季度营收 710 亿元,同比增长 38%,环比增长 31%;毛利润 93 亿元,同比增长 9%,环比增长 29%;归母净利润 6 亿元,同比减少 27%,环比减少 53%;毛利率/净利率分别为 13.1%/0.8%,同比减少 3.5/0.7pct,环比减少 0.2/1.5pct。 + +三大业务稳定增长,毛利下行主因成本压力和结构变化。2021年公司汽车/手机/电池业务营收分别为1,124.9/864.5/164.7亿元,同比增长34%/44%/36%,占主营业务收入的52%/40%/8%。由于公司汽车、电池等业务的重要原材料价格如碳酸锂等大幅上涨,营业成本同比增幅近50%。三大业务毛利率分别下降7.8/3.6/8.2pct至17.4%/7.6%/11.9%,整体毛利率下降6.4pct至13.0%。 + +期间费用控制较好,资产减值影响净利润。2021年公司销售/管理/研发/财务费用分别为60.8/57.1/79.9/17.9亿元,占收入比重为3%/3%/4%/1%,销售和管理费用率同比持平,研发和财务费用率均同比降低1pct,费用率合计同比降低2pct。2021年公司归母净利率为1.4%,同比降低1.3pct,除了受到毛利率下降的影响,还因公司全年计提资产减值损失/信用减值损失8.6/3.9亿元,合计金额12.5亿元。我们推测与公司光伏业务的存货以及资本化的研发投入减值有关。 + +新能源车趋势向好,公司市占率领跑行业。2021年中国产销汽车2,608.2/2,627.5万辆,同比增长3.4%/3.8%。其中,新能源车市场呈现爆发式增长,全年产销354.5/352.1万辆,均同比增长约1.6倍。2022年3月前三周渗透率高达30%,年底有望突破40%。公司2021年销售新能源乘用车59.3万,同比高增2.3倍,其中纯电乘用车/插混乘用车销售32.0/27.3万辆,同比大增1.4/4.7倍。截至2022年2月,公司纯电乘用车/插混乘用车市占率高达18%/59%,行业龙头地位稳固。 + +风险提示:原材料价格大幅上涨,疫情反复和芯片紧缺影响产能释放和交付,新车型销量不及预期。 + +投资建议:考虑到 2022 年原材料价格持续上涨、局部地区疫情反复的影响,我们下调 2022 年的盈利预测,预计 22/23/24 年 EPS 为 2.20/4.24/7.60 元(原为 3.02/4.02/6.52 元),维持“增持”评级。 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
盈利预测和财务指标202020212022E2023E2024E
营业收入(百万元)156,598216,142373,904492,791606,676
(+/-%)22.6%38.0%73.0%31.8%23.1%
净利润(百万元)4234304563931234722139
(+/-%)162.3%-28.1%109.9%93.2%79.3%
每股收益(元)1.551.052.204.247.60
EBIT Margin12.0%6.2%3.0%4.0%5.7%
净资产收益率(ROE )7.4%3.2%6.6%12.3%20.6%
市盈率(PE )148.1219.7104.754.230.2
EV/EBITDA24.531.752.436.525.3
市净率(PB )11.027.046.906.646.23
+ +资料来源:Wind、国信证券经济研究所预测 + +注:摊薄每股收益按最新总股本计算 + +## 公司研究·财报点评 + +## 汽车・乘用车 + +证券分析师:唐旭霞 + +0755-81981814 + +tangxx@guosen.com.cn + +S0980519080002 + +联系人:余晓飞 + +0755-81981306 + +yuxiaofei1@guosen.com.cn + +## 基础数据 + +
投资评级 增持(维持)
合理估值
收盘价229.80 元
总市值/流通市值668948/517739 百万元
52 周最高价/最低价333.33/140.97 元
近3个月日均成交额4596.73 百万元
+ +## 市场走势. + + + +资料来源:Wind、国信证券经济研究所整理 + +## 相关研究报告 + +《比亚迪(002594.SZ)-2月新能源市占率接近30%,多款新车型蓄势待发》——2022-03-06 + +《比亚迪-002594-重大事件快评:1月销量跑赢行业,进入全球品牌价值500强》——2022-02-06 + +《比亚迪-002594-重大事件快评:12月产销再创新高,重磅车型陆续登场》——2022-01-16 + +《比亚迪-002594-2021三季报点评:量利齐升,环比改善》—2021-10-30 + +《比亚迪-002594-重大事件快评:9月新能源销量创新高,纯电插混并驾齐驱》——2021-10-11 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00065.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00065.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9a83c99ac84c27b260fe9f82d8ed3658d25cc79f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00065.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +## 金融科技之监管科技 + +## 监管机构协助推动监管科技投资 + +不少地区的监管机构在2021年对监管科技解决方案更为关注。新加坡金融管理局态度尤为积极。2021年下半年,新加坡金管局推出一系列措施,目的是提升新加坡金融服务业的人工智能水平,包括 NovA! —— 协助金融机构评估企业环境风险的技术平台,以及 Veritas —— 目的是协助金融机构利用人工智能和数据分析的人工智能治理程序。2021年下半年,香港金融管理局也推出了反洗钱合规科技实验室,鼓励发展和应用监管科技。 + +## 2021年下半年值得关注的趋势 + +— 监管科技解决方案在广泛的细分领域持续吸引投资,包括隐私权保护、欺诈防范和检测、加密货币和人力资源管理 + +— 监管科技公司在传统英美枢纽地区以外蓬勃发展 + +— 监管科技对《欧盟举报人保护指令》、《资本要求条例3》,以及与气候风险相关的压力测试要求的关注程度上升 + +— 美国在2021年12月公布《反腐败战略》,相关投资随之递升 + +— 监管机构继续支持监管科技解决方案的发展 + +“2021年监管科技市场的融资呈现上半年和下半年平分秋色的特点——并购交易在2021年上半年驱动大量投资——特别是以27亿美元收购Verafin的交易——下半年则成为后期风投交易的舞台——特别是Carta筹资5亿美元的交易。尽管美国仍吸引大量监管科技投资,欧洲摩拳擦掌,2022年将有可观增长。” + +Fabiano Gobbo +监管科技全球主管 +风险咨询服务合伙人 +毕马威国际 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00066.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00066.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8150d97fac14b760993da601455e54395508b2a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00066.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +## 区域分析之美洲 + +## 风险投资年增长超过一倍 + +美洲区金融科技投资总额(风险投资、私募基金与并购) +2018—2021* + + + +美洲区金融科技并购 +2018—2021* + + + +美洲区金融科技风险投资 +2018—2021* + + + +美洲区金融科技成长性股权投资 +2018—2021* + + + +信息来源:《金融科技动向》(2021年下半年),全球金融科技投资分析,毕马威国际(数据由PitchBook提供),*截至2021年12月31日止。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00067.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00067.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a19d0ff998807e80db449b81ba6269f1e69bb7f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00067.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +图 17:部分汽车零部件公司年初以来涨跌幅(2022.01.01-2022.03.18) + + + +数据来源:Wind、东方证券研究所 + +现阶段上游原材料价格上涨对零部件行业盈利带来不利影响,拖累了行业盈利增长;但分析两轮成本上涨过程中,仍然有部分公司抗风险能力相对较强,呈现出明显分化。这些零部件公司通过产品结构升级、客户拓展及产能利用率提升等,对抗成本上涨压力,其盈利能力相对受影响较小。 + +建议关注: + +新泉股份(603179,买入)、上声电子(688533,买入)、华阳集团(002906,买入)、华域汽车(600741,买入)、拓普集团(601689,买入)、银轮股份(002126,买入)、伯特利(603596,买入)、爱柯迪(600933,买入)、德赛西威(002920,买入)、精锻科技(300258,买入)、岱美股份(603730,买入)、星宇股份(601799,买入)、继峰股份(603997,未评级)、保隆科技(603197,未评级)。 + + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00068.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00068.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..41ec3d37232f920180f2d385e3b17a4a82b907cb --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00068.md @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +## 汽车电子行业深度:智能化与电动化方兴未艾,汽车电子全面成长 + +## 增持(维持) + +分析师:毛正 + +执业证书编号:S1050521120001 + +邮箱:maozheng@cfsc.com.cn + +联系人:刘煜 + +执业证书编号:S1050121110011 + +邮箱:liuy@cfsc.com.cn + +联系人:赵心怡 + +执业证书编号:S1050122030021 + +邮箱:zhaoxy@cfsc.com.cn + +## 行业相对表现 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
表现1M3M12M
电子(申万)6.619.1-2.9
沪深3001.04.0-17.1
+ +## 市场表现 + + + +资料来源:Wind,华鑫证券研究 + +## 相关研究 + +《存储芯片:现货涨价叠加智能汽车与数字经济,存储赛道方兴未艾》 +20220306 + +《电子行业2022年度策略:数字化浪潮加汽车智能化,硬科技万紫千红总是春》20220103 + +## 投资要点 + +## 特斯拉软件定义汽车,商业模式革新拉开序幕 + +特斯拉是软件定义汽车的先导者也是电动车智能车的全球领导者,在其软件服务体系中以FSD自动驾驶选装包、OTA付费升级包、高级车联网服务为核心,收费模式除了一次性前装收费,还另外包含订阅服务收费,目前特斯拉车主的FSD搭载率已向市场证明了软件创收的可能性,传统的商业模式得到颠覆,由新车制造与销售转向软件服务授权与OTA升级,逐步从零部件的升级走向服务性的软件开发的商业模式革新拉开序幕。 + +## 车载硬件架构升级,单车含硅量提升是大势所趋 + +硬件预埋支持软件迭代,架构转型倒逼硬件升级,软件数量的激增带来硬件井喷式增量,中国汽车工业协会预计汽车单车所需芯片数量将由传统燃油车的600-700颗/量增长至最高3000颗/辆。 + +细分来看,受益于自动驾驶升级及智能座舱“一芯多屏”渗透率提升,可支持高算力的车载主控SoC需求释放,市场快速扩容,同时电动化下电池管理系统和整车控制器的增加和智能化下功能应用的丰富带动车载MCU市场需求提升,未来在域控制器逐步应用的趋势下高价值32位MCU占比提升将驱动市场规模稳步增长。 + +新能源汽车渗透加速将则为功率器件市场带来巨大增量,当前单车功率半导体价值量接近传统燃油车的4-5倍,而随着电动车800v高压平台逐步落地,SiC功率器件在高端汽车市场更具优势迎来上车正当时,预计未来长期将形成Si与SiC方案共存的格局。 + +电动化、智能化下如动力系统、自动驾驶,车载娱乐、仪表盘、车身电子及照明等领域催生对模拟芯片的需求,包括电机控制器、OBC、DC/DC、BMS等,以及智能驾驶所用的传感器均将推动车载模拟芯片市场发展。 + +此外,后移动计算时代,车用存储将是未来新兴市场的增长点,汽车智能化升级算力提升下不断增长的数据量要求汽车存储芯片具有更快的数据处理速度、更大的数据存储量,以及更高的稳定性。 + +我们认为汽车三化趋势之下单车含硅量提升将是大势所趋,其中用以支持海量数据处理的AI芯片、用以环境感知与识别 + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00069.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00069.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..57a5aae173de2879b64370e0bd84d6344fad6575 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00069.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + + + +
35.7937.59180002022/3/15
ModeIY 高性能38.7939.79100002022/3/10
39.7941.79200002022/3/15
奇瑞新能
小蚂蚁301km微糖版6.696.9930002022/3/17
6.997.3940002022/4/7
半糖版6.997.3940002022/3/17
7.397.6930002022/4/7
全糖版7.397.841002022/3/17
7.88.240002022/4/7
小蚂蚁 408km半糖版7.798.3960002022/3/17
8.398.8950002022/4/7
全糖版8.198.971002022/3/17
8.99.450002022/4/7
QQ 冰淇淋甜筒款3.794.131002022/3/17
4.14.3929002022/4/7
圣代款4.394.731002022/3/17
4.74.9929002022/4/7
零跑汽车C11豪华版15.9817.98200002022/3/19
尊享版18.9820.98200002022/3/19
性能版19.9822.98300002022/3/19
T03玛瑙版6.897.3950002022/3/26
皓玉版7.297.9970002022/3/26
琥珀版7.498.1970002022/3/26
耀晶版7.898.5970002022/3/26
晶钻版8.498.9950002022/3/26
小鹏汽车G3i46015.46-17.8216.89-18.8910700-143002022/3/21
52017.12-19.3218.19-20.39107002022/3/21
P546016.27-18.4717.79-19.7913200-152002022/3/21
51017.33-19.3318.89-21.6913600-156002022/3/21
55017.83-20.5319.39-21.8913600-156002022/3/21
60022.9324.29136002022/3/21
P748022.42-24.4223.99-25.99157002022/3/21
58625.58-26.5828.09-27.09151002022/3/21
67026.28-28.5827.29-31.7910100-326002022/3/21
670 鹏翼版36.69-36.7938.69-38.79200002022/3/21
562鹏翼性能版40.9942.99200002022/3/21
哪吒汽车U Pro610 探火版16.2816.7850002022/3/18
500 登月版14.2814.7850002022/3/18
500 环球版13.2813.7850002022/3/18
400 巡航版10.4810.9850002022/3/18
400 畅行版10.2810.5830002022/3/18
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00070.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00070.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c58eac1fc7cafb087560134eab099be6dff24250 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00070.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +## 2. 生命科学 + +上海是全国最具影响力的生命科学产业高地之一,上海生命科学领域上市企业数量及外资研发总部数量皆位列全国首位。2022年上海生命科学产业规模已达到8,537亿元,预计2025年将突破万亿元。优质的产业基础、丰厚的科研人才及研发平台,以及全国领先的临床医院资源和便捷的融资渠道 + +图6. +上海生命科学产业规模 + + + +数据来源:上海市经济和信息化委员会,《上海市生物医药产业发展“十四五”规划》,仲量联行 + +图7. +上海生命科学从业人员、高校及研究机构分布 + + + +数据来源:仲量联行 + +构筑起上海生命科学产业成熟的生态体系,吸引了众多国内外企业汇聚上海。放眼未来,庞大的市场刚需将继续驱动上海生命科学行业稳步发展。 + +生命科学产业发展离不开创新突破,以一类国产创新药为例,上海研发的新药获批数量位居全国第一。创新发展需要丰厚的人才基础,截至2022年,上海生命科学从业人员达到27.8万人,其中国家级人才超过1,000位,院士、长江学者等高水平人才占全国的1/5。上海丰富的高校及研发机构资源为技术创新持续注入人才活力,与生命科学企业、全市各临床医院形成“产学研医”相结合的良性互动,助力上海成为全国首屈一指的生命科学产业高地。就融资环境而言,具有创新技术并具有较高附加值的赛道持续受到资本青睐,这些生产要素支撑生命科学产业稳健发展。过去两年,生命科学企业已成为上海产业园区租赁市场最重要的需求来源之一,其租赁需求在园区内的占比高达25%。近期在整体投资趋冷的环境下,细分赛道的租赁需求与所获融资呈正相关,包括创新药、基因诊断、细胞疗法等蕴含创新技术的企业仍是园区需求的主要来源。 + +图8. +2023上半年生命科学产业投融资金额占比 + + + +数据来源:医药魔方,探针资本,仲量联行 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00071.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00071.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0a78f69331f4ca5b5bab3c133980baf35c5d14eb --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00071.md @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +## 【项目案例】 + +## ◆ 南京招商璀璨璟园: + +开发商:招商蛇口 + +江宁核心区的璀璨璟园,区域配套非常完善。项目位于竹山路商圈的核心腹地,周围就有景枫城市综合体(在建)、龙湖龙湾天街等重要商业地标,一河之隔更是南京第二商圈—百家湖。15分钟内,可以到达江宁多个重要商圈。 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
开盘时间入住时间精装套数楼盘售价(元/㎡)装修标准(元/㎡)橱柜品牌烟机品牌灶具品牌洗碗机品牌
20230725.10904350004000欧卡罗、柏厨方太方太方太
净水器品牌智能坐便器品牌洗面盆品牌浴霸品牌壁挂炉品牌中央空调品牌可视对讲品牌智能门锁品牌智能家居系统品牌
通用GE科勒科勒奥普菲斯曼松下小度樱花博联
+ +## ◆ 杭州桃境满元里: + +开发商:杭州城建(大家房产) + +项目介绍:“大家房产,稳健匠筑41载。秉承“大美为家”品牌主张,以追求高阶生活理念的初心,携手国企实力巨擘——杭地发展,联袂匠著,深耕丁桥品质人居,再续杭州湖滨风雅。项目位于丁兰新城CLD中央生活区的桃花湖公园畔,镜像西湖“湖滨格局”,回归一面悠然自得,一面人间烟火的优雅洋房生活。 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
开盘时间入住时间精装套数楼盘售价
(元/㎡)
装修标准
(元/㎡)
橱柜品牌烟机品牌灶具品牌洗碗机品牌
20230726.03418343703500订制老板老板老板
坐便器品牌坐便器品牌花洒品牌浴霸品牌开关插座品牌热水器品牌中央空调品牌可视对讲品牌智能门锁品牌
科勒科勒科勒奥普西蒙耀罡、威能日立海康威视萤石
+ +注:以上信息来源于奥维云网监测数据库摘要,如需查看更多项目,欢迎联系! diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00072.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00072.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fdd1fb5610879ffab90687cdf848d38eb716bb97 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00072.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +our comprehensive molecular profiling solutions and the data generated by our multi-omic technology platform is well-suited to address the limitations and challenges of today’s molecular testing alternatives. + +## Our Market Opportunity and Vision for Leveraging Molecular Information + +We believe we are well-positioned to pursue a very large market opportunity through the provision of precision medicine solutions across the entire cancer care continuum, as well as offerings to support biopharma drug discovery and development. Broad, deep, and consistent molecular information is expected to drive better clinical outcomes for patients and more efficient and effective drug discovery and development for biopharma companies. We believe our expansive multi-omic technology platform has application across multiple clinical and biopharma settings that collectively represent an estimated total addressable U.S. market of approximately $150 billion in oncology, according to a market study by Nephron Research LLC (“Nephron Research”) that we commissioned. + + + +## Early Detection of Cancer in the Asymptomatic Population + +The availability of an MCED blood-based profiling solution offers the potential to augment and disrupt the standard of care in preventative cancer screening. Preventative cancer screening today is limited to a small group of high prevalence cancers, including cervical, breast, colon, lung, and prostate cancers. Low adherence rates are common among patients with several of these cancers due to challenges related to socioeconomic status, age, personal attitudes and beliefs, awareness gaps, and lack of access to healthcare facilities and social support, among other factors. For example, the American Lung Association estimates that in 2021, there were approximately 14 million high-risk individuals in the United States who were eligible for lung cancer screening using low-dose CT scans yet only approximately 0.6 million screenings were completed, representing a dismal screening recommendation adherence rate of 4.5%. An MCED blood-based profiling solution that entails a minimally invasive blood draw could expand the reach of testing to more cancers and drive higher adoption in this market. + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00073.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00073.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4d4304cb5b682e27f2b1a82cd5ca070f28d31eca --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00073.md @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ +21 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, as amended) may otherwise lawfully be communicated or caused to be communicated. RMB Morgan Stanley Proprietary Limited is a member of the JSE Limited and A2X (Pty) Ltd. RMB Morgan Stanley Proprietary Limited is a joint venture owned equally by Morgan Stanley International Holdings Inc. and RMB Investment Advisory (Proprietary) Limited, which is wholly owned by FirstRand Limited. The information in Morgan Stanley Research is being disseminated by Morgan Stanley Saudi Arabia, regulated by the Capital Market Authority in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and is directed at Sophisticated investors only. + +Morgan Stanley Hong Kong Securities Limited is the liquidity provider/market maker for securities of Cathay Pacific Airways listed on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited. An updated list can be found on HKEx website: http://www.hkex.com.hk. + +The information in Morgan Stanley Research is being communicated by Morgan Stanley & Co. International plc (DIFC Branch), regulated by the Dubai Financial Services Authority (the DFSA) or by Morgan Stanley & Co. International plc (ADGM Branch), regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority Abu Dhabi (the FSRA), and is directed at Professional Clients only, as defined by the DFSA or the FSRA, respectively. The financial products or financial services to which this research relates will only be made available to a customer who we are satisfied meets the regulatory criteria of a Professional Client. A distribution of the different MS Research ratings or recommendations, in percentage terms for Investments in each sector covered, is available upon request from your sales representative. + +The information in Morgan Stanley Research is being communicated by Morgan Stanley & Co. International plc (QFC Branch), regulated by the Qatar Financial Centre Regulatory Authority (the QFCRA), and is directed at business customers and market counterparties only and is not intended for Retail Customers as defined by the QFCRA. + +As required by the Capital Markets Board of Turkey, investment information, comments and recommendations stated here, are not within the scope of investment advisory activity. Investment advisory service is provided exclusively to persons based on their risk and income preferences by the authorized firms. Comments and recommendations stated here are general in nature. These opinions may not fit to your financial status, risk and return preferences. For this reason, to make an investment decision by relying solely to this information stated here may not bring about outcomes that fit your expectations. + +The trademarks and service marks contained in Morgan Stanley Research are the property of their respective owners. Third-party data providers make no warranties or representations relating to the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the data they provide and shall not have liability for any damages relating to such data. The Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS) was developed by and is the exclusive property of MSCI and S&P. + +Morgan Stanley Research, or any portion thereof may not be reprinted, sold or redistributed without the written consent of Morgan Stanley. + +Indicators and trackers referenced in Morgan Stanley Research may not be used as, or treated as, a benchmark under Regulation EU 2016/1011, or any other similar framework. + +The issuers and/or fixed income products recommended or discussed in certain fixed income research reports may not be continuously followed. Accordingly, investors should regard those fixed income research reports as providing stand-alone analysis and should not expect continuing analysis or additional reports relating to such issuers and/or individual fixed income products. Morgan Stanley may hold, from time to time, material financial and commercial interests regarding the company subject to the Research report. + +Registration granted by SEBI and certification from the National Institute of Securities Markets (NISM) in no way guarantee performance of the intermediary or provide any assurance of returns to investors. Investment in securities market are subject to market risks. Read all the related documents carefully before investing. + +## INDUSTRY COVERAGE: Hong Kong/China Transportation & Infrastructure + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
COMPANY (TICKER)RATING (AS OF)PRICE* (05/30/2025)
Qianlei Fan, CFA
Air China Limited (601111.SS)E (01/13/2025)Rmb8.02
Air China Limited (0753.HK)O (01/13/2025)HK$5.92
Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway (601816.SS)0 (07/03/2020)Rmb5.86
BOC Aviation (2588.HK)O (03/21/2022)HK$63.45
Cathay Pacific Airways (0293.HK)E (06/24/2024)HK$10.56
China Eastern Airlines (600115.SS)E (01/13/2025)Rmb4.03
China Eastern Airlines (0670.HK)O (01/13/2025)HK$3.00
China Merchants Energy Shipping Co. Ltd. (601872.SS)O (03/10/2020)Rmb6.05
China Southern Airlines (600029.SS)E (01/13/2025)Rmb6.09
China Southern Airlines (1055.HK)O (01/13/2025)HK$3.90
COSCO SHIPPING Energy Transportation (1138.HK)O (01/12/2023)HK$6.12
COSCO SHIPPING Energy Transportation (600026.SS)E (01/12/2023)Rmb10.10
COSCO Shipping Holdings Ltd (601919.SS)U (07/15/2024)Rmb16.39
COSCO Shipping Holdings Ltd (1919.HK)U (07/15/2024)HK$13.54
J&T Global Express Ltd (1519.HK)E (08/21/2024)HK$6.83
JD Logistics, Inc. (2618.HK)E (12/29/2023)HK$12.44
Orient Overseas (International) Ltd (0316.HK)U (07/15/2024)HK$135.10
Pacific Basin Shipping (2343.HK)O (03/01/2021)HK$1.94
S.F. Holding Co Ltd (002352.SZ)E (02/26/2024)Rmb46.15
SITC International Holdings Company (1308.HK)E (01/12/2023)HK$25.05
Spring Airlines (601021.SS)0 (08/31/2015)Rmb58.80
TravelSky Technology (0696.HK)U (01/13/2025)HK$11.16
YTO Express Group Co Ltd (600233.SS)E (12/04/2024)Rmb13.18
YUNDA Holding Co Ltd (002120.SZ)U (07/29/2020)Rmb6.97
diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00074.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00074.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0e37a4925e524c8f707356f3ceb64e1a5abb857c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00074.md @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +Select Industry (SPSIINS) for US Non-Life Insurers coverage, and the Bloomberg Emerging Markets Financials Large, Mid and Small Cap Price Return Index (EMLSF) for emerging market banks and insurers and Payments. Ratings are stated relative to the sector (not the market). + +The Autonomous brand has three categories of ratings: + +· Outperform (OP): Stock will outpace the relevant index by more than 10 pp + +· Neutral (N): Stock will perform in line with the market index to within +/-10 pp + +· Underperform (UP): Stock will trail the performance of the relevant index by more than 10 pp + +Coverage Suspended: Coverage of a company under the Bernstein research brand has been suspended. Ratings and price targets are suspended temporarily, are no longer current, and should therefore not be relied upon. +Not Rated: A rating assigned when the stock cannot be accurately valued, or the performance of the company accurately predicted, at the present time. The covering analyst may continue to publish research reports on the company to update investors on events and developments. + +Those denoted as ‘Feature’ (e.g., Feature Outperform FOP, Feature Under Outperform FUP) are our core ideas. Not Covered (NC) denotes companies that are not under coverage. + +## Horizon and classification + +For both brands, recommendations are based on a 12-month time horizon. + +## DISTRIBUTION OF RATINGS/INVESTMENT BANKING SERVICES + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
RatingMarket Abuse Regulation(MAR)and FINRA Rule 2241 classificationCountPercentCount*Percent*
OutperformBUY57351.76%10919.02%
Market-Perform (Bernstein Brand)
Neutral (Autonomous Brand)
HOLD38734.96%6717.31%
UnderperformSELL14713.28%1912.93%
+ +\* These figures represent the number and percentage of companies in each category to whom affiliates of Bernstein and Autonomous provided investment banking services. +As of April 9, 2025. All figures are updated quarterly. + +## PRICE CHARTS/ RATINGS AND PRICE TARGET HISTORY + +This research publication covers six or more companies. For price chart and other company disclosures, please visit https://bernstein-autonomous.bluematrix.com/sellside/Disclosures.action or you can write to the Director of Compliance, Bernstein Institutional Services LLC, 245 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10167. + +## CONFLICTS OF INTEREST + +Bernstein Autonomous LLP or BSG France SA, beneficially, has either a net long or short position of 0.5% or more of the total issued share capital of a class of common equity securities of the following MiFID eligible securities: Eli Lilly & Co and Gilead Sciences Inc + +Bernstein and/or affiliates have received compensation for investment banking services in the past twelve months from AbbVie Inc. + +Bernstein and/or affiliates have received compensation for investment banking services in the past twelve months from Gilead Sciences Inc. + +Bernstein and/or affiliates have received compensation for non-investment banking securities-related products or services in the previous twelve months from the following clients: AbbVie Inc, Amgen Inc, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, Gilead Sciences Inc, Merck & Co Inc and Pfizer Inc. + +An affiliate of Bernstein has received compensation for non-investment banking securities-related products or services in the previous twelve months from the following clients: Gilead Sciences Inc, Merck & Co Inc and Pfizer Inc. diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00075.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00075.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ebed8f62c3de9a50ed9d4dae4067abbc03dd6576 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00075.md @@ -0,0 +1,151 @@ +## Global Macro Strategy Team + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
MORGAN STANLEY & CO.LLCMatthew Hornbach, CMT +Matthew.Hornbach@morganstanley.comGlobal Head of Macro Strategy+1 212 761-1837
Alexandra MaierGlobal Macro Commentary+1 212 761-0428
Martin Tobias, CFA, CMTUS Rates Strategist+1 212 761-6076
Francesco GrechiUS Rates Strategist+1 212 761-1009
Aryaman SinghUS Rates Strategist+1 212 761-1993
Eli CarterUS Rates Strategist+1 212 761-4703
MORGAN STANLEY & CO.LLCAndrew WatrousG10 FX Strategist+1 212 761-5287
Zoë K. StraussG10 FX Strategist+1 212 761-0407
Molly NickolinG10 FX Strategist+1 212 761-3592
Simon Waever +Simon.Waever@morganstanley.comHead of EM Sovereign Credit and Latin +America Fixed Income Strategy+1 212 296-8101
loana ZamfirLatin America Macro Strategist+1 212 761-4012
Emma CerdaLatin America Sovereign Credit+1 212 761-2344
MORGAN STANLEY & CO. +INTERNATIONAL PLCJames K. Lord +James.Lord@morganstanley.comGlobal Head of FXEM Strategy+44 20 7677-3254
Gianluca Salford +Luca.Salford@morganstanley.comHead of European Rates Strategy+44 20 7677-1337
Lorenzo TestaEuro Area Rates Strategist+44 20 7677-0337
Fabio Bassanin, CFAUK Rates Strategist+44 20 7425-1869
Maria Chiara RussOEuro Area Rates Strategist+44 20 7425-1869
David S. Adams, CFA +David.S.Adams@morganstanley.comHead of G10 FX Strategy+44 20 7425-3518
Dominic KrummenacherG10 FX Strategist+44 20 7425-9781
Neville MandimikaCEEMEA Sovereign Credit Strategist+44 20 7425-2509
Arnav GuptaCEEMEA Rates Strategist+44 20 7677-0382
Pascal BodeEM Sovereign Credit Strategist+44 20 7425-3282
David Cueva OemerCEEMEA Rates Strategist+44 20 7425-2143
MORGAN STANLEY ASIA +LIMITED+Gek Teng KhooAXJ Macro Strategist+8523963-0303
MORGAN STANLEY MUFG +SECURITIES CO.,LTD.Koichi Sugisaki +Koichi.Sugisaki@morganstanleymufg.comHead of Japan Macro Strategy+81 3 6836-8428
Hiromu Uezato +Hiromu.Uezato@morganstanleymufg.comJapan Macro Strategist+81 3 6836-8431
+ diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00076.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00076.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..197f73f3e83ee5745c3329e8cb633de13391f009 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00076.md @@ -0,0 +1,166 @@ +If you are visually impaired and would like to speak to a Citi representative regarding the details of the graphics in this document, please call USA 1-888-800-5008 (TTY: 711), from outside the US +1-210-677-3788 + +## Appendix A-1 + +## ANALYST CERTIFICATION + +The research analysts primarily responsible for the preparation and content of this research report are either (i) designated by “AC” in the author block or (ii) listed in bold alongside content which is attributable to that analyst. If multiple AC analysts are designated in the author block, each analyst is certifying with respect to the entire research report other than (a) content attributable to another AC certifying analyst listed in bold alongside the content and (b) views expressed solely with respect to a specific issuer which are attributable to another AC certifying analyst identified in the price charts or rating history tables for that issuer shown below. Each of these analysts certify, with respect to the sections of the report for which they are responsible: (1) that the views expressed therein accurately reflect their personal views about each issuer and security referenced and were prepared in an independent manner, including with respect to Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and its affiliates; and (2) no part of the research analyst’s compensation was, is, or will be, directly or indirectly, related to the specific recommendations or views expressed by that research analyst in this report. + +## IMPORTANT DISCLOSURES + +AutoZone, Inc. (AZO) + +Ratings and Target Price History + +Fundamental Research + +Analyst: Steven Zaccone, CFA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
DateRatingTarget PriceClosing Price
$\boxed{1}$ 19-Sep-22 16:45:481*2,520.002,097.59
$\boxed{2}$ 06-Dec-22 15:50:581*2,782.002,456.92
$\boxed{3}$ 17-May-23 03:00:001*3,125.002,679.55
$\boxed{4}$ 30-May-23 06:32:221*3,020.002,454.64
+ +
DateRatingTarget PriceClosing Price
$\boxed{5}$ 16-Oct-23 03:00:121*3,040.002,602.75
$\boxed{6}$ 01-Mar-24 15:41:421*3,505.003,035.99
$\boxed{7}$ 07-May-24 03:00:001*3,420.002,990.65
$\boxed{8}$ 22-May-24 03:00:001*3,250.002,772.64
+ +
DateRatingTarget PriceClosing Price
$\boxed{9}$ 08-Aug-24 05:39:181*3,787.003,157.02
$\boxed{10}$ 25-Sep-24 03:00:001*3,500.003,108.97
$\boxed{11}$ 11-Dec-24 03:00:001*3,900.003,342.72
+ +*Indicates Change +Rating/target price changes above reflect Eastern Time + +## Advance Auto Parts, Inc. (AAP) + +Ratings and Target Price History +Fundamental Research + +Analyst: Steven Zaccone, CFA + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
DateRatingTarget PriceClosing Price
1 01-Sep-22 21:00:491*216.00172.15
2 17-Nov-22 05:00:00*2*161.00148.31
3 27-Jan-23 05:00:002*159.00147.44
4 28-Feb-23 17:05:292*153.00144.96
5 17-May-23 03:00:002*126.00122.10
6 31-May-23 13:27:152*76.0072.89
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
DateRatingTarget PriceClosing Price
7 25-Aug-23 17:00:002*69.0064.08
8 16-Oct-23 03:00:122*53.0053.59
9 15-Nov-23 18:57:192*60.0055.67
10 01-Mar-24 15:41:422*70.0069.26
11 21-Jun-24 17:18:332*68.0065.76
12 08-Aug-24 05:39:182*64.0060.92
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
DateRatingTarget PriceClosing Price
13 22-Aug-24 17:53:382*55.0051.10
14 15-Nov-24 07:54:152*44.0037.69
15 21-Feb-25 03:00:002*47.0043.44
16 27-Feb-25 03:00:002*40.0036.96
+ +*Indicates Change +Rating/target price changes above reflect Eastern Time diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00077.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00077.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ee3aa31b0afb9ce4edda336de7001909afb55ecc --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00077.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ + +## Charting the focal points + +## Figure 1: Global markets | Performance since April trough +Markets across the globe have rallied sharply the post Liberation Day lows of early April, with Tech very much in the vanguard. + + + +Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P. Trough measured on 7th April for AU indices and 8th April for rest of world. Note: Past performance is not an indicator of future results + +## Figure 2: Global markets | YTD performance +China and Europe are leading the YTD performance standings, with most of the US indices still in the red. + + + +Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P. Note: Past performance is not an indicator of future results + +## Figure 3: AU GICS | Performance since April trough +Australian performance has been led by Tech since the trough, with the sector climbing by over 40%. Defensives have lagged. + + + +Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P. Market trough measured on 7th April for AU indices and 8th April for rest of world. Note: Past performance is not an indicator of future results + +## Figure 4: Global markets | 12-month forward EPS revision April trough +EPS revisions have been mostly negative since early April, with Australia the principal laggard (Mining and Energy). + + + +Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P. Market trough measured on 7$^{th}$ April for AU indices and 8$^{th}$ April for rest of world. + +## Figure 5: Global markets | P/E multiple expansion since April trough +Falling earnings and sharply rising share prices have led to marked multiple expansion across the globe. + + + +Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P. Trough measured on 7$^{th}$ April for AU and 8$^{th}$ April for RoW. + +## Figure 6: Equity breadth close to 10Y lows as bond yields spike +The equal-weight ASX 200 index has deeply underperformed the headline ASX 200 over the past 4 years. + + + +Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P. diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00078.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00078.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a87bb63e374cf212068b274ccf96acf984ed767f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00078.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +## Key GS Energy Research Reports + +## GS Energy Research for the Week + +E&P: Gas: Front Month Gas Volatility Likely But 2026 Set Up Remains Favorable; Prefer EQT, EXE, KMI + +Cenovus Energy Inc. (CVE): See Long-Term Value with West White Rose, Despite Near-Term Headwinds + +Hess Corp. (HES): Takeaways from Boston: Guyana Ramp Continues to Progress Well + +Power Tracker: Solid US Power Demand: Bottom Up and Top Down + +Par Pacific Holdings (PARR): Lower to Neutral After Recent Relative and Absolute Performance; Prefer Buy-Rated VLO, MPC, DINO + +Oil Comment: GS Top Projects Takeaways: Strong Supply in 2025-2026, Tighter Later + +Global Nuclear: The Playbook for Energy Transition [Replay] + +Nuscale Power Corp. (SMR): A positive step toward commercialization and customer adoption; larger 77MW design receives NRC approval + +Research Unplugged: The Nuclear Playbook for Energy Transition + +Shoals Technologies (SHLS): Takeaways from virtual investor meeting; Buy + +Americas Clean Energy: Nuclear: Trump signs executive orders expected to accelerate adoption of nuclear power within the US + +Oil Comment: GS Top Projects Takeaways: Strong Supply in 2025-2026, Tighter Later + +Chart Industries (GTLS): Focus on Potential Estimate Revisions from Forward LNG Orders; Maintain Neutral + +Americas Basic Materials: Mid-Quarter Channel Checks - US steel demand reportedly still steady despite increased macro uncertainty + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00079.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00079.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8b20f52f090381aaf1dcaf8cd90a9c57ce3b78d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00079.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +Conversely, long-end issuance has been particularly slow in countries like Ireland, Portugal, Finland and Belgium. Although somewhat expected, perhaps this helps in explaining, besides macro considerations, the general underperformance of core and semi core long-end vs peers (see Exhibit 28). + +Exhibit 27: In *1H25, France and Germany issued more in the 10y+ part of the curve vs history... + + + +Source: National Treasuries, Morgan Stanley Research, *As of week starting on May 19 + +Exhibit 28: ... Perhaps reflected in core vs non core long-end underperformance since the beginning of the year + + + +Source: Bloomberg, Morgan Stanley Research + +## Euro area | The noble art of forecasting + +Our forecasts reflect a model-informed building block-approach that allows us to analyze historical relationships and when necessary take stock of idiosyncratic drivers such as the ones discussed above. + +## 2y Estr + +The first building block is the easiest. We forecast 2y Estr based on 1) a very tight long-term relationship with 3m OIS spot and 1y forward; 2) a path for those variables consistent with the profile of official interest rates provided by our economics team; 3) expectations about the evolution of the Estr and depo. We expect the Estr-depo spread to become less negative (-7/-6bp) during 2026. + +## 10y Estr + +A rigorous assessment of fair value for the 10y point involves looking at estimation of terminal rate and term premium and their drivers. This is the topic of future research and beyond the scope of this forecasting exercise. We model the 10Y rate as a function of the 2y rate (see Exhibit 29) over a 10-year sample, excluding periods of negative interest rates at the short end.¹ The beta of 0.55 seems reasonable to us under most plausible scenarios, whereas the intercept of the regression captures the evolution of supply-demand imbalances etc. As discussed in a previous piece (see Still Room for 5x5 to + +1. Even though interest rates have been below zero there are well known constraints about how far negative rates can go and hence QE needed to be deployed, altering the relationship between long end and front end. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00080.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00080.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..01d41af260d7b0c42264a07e4e404ed1fbdda5a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00080.md @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +## Risk Reward – YTO Express Group Co Ltd (600233.SS) + +## KEY EARNINGS INPUTS + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Drivers20242025e2026e2027e
Express volume growth (%)25.321.213.414.1
Express ASP growth (%)(6.7)(7.0)(3.0)(3.0)
Express unit cost growth (%)(3.9)(8.1)(2.9)(2.9)
+ +## INVESTMENT DRIVERS + +• Volume growth + +• ASP trend + +• Unit cost and margins + +## GLOBAL REVENUE EXPOSURE + + + +Source: Morgan Stanley Research Estimate +View explanation of regional hierarchies here + +## MS ALPHA MODELS + + + + + + +
2/5
MOST
3 Month
Horizon
+ +Source: Refinitiv, FactSet, Morgan Stanley Research; 1 is the highest favored Quintile and 5 is the least favored Quintile + +## RISKS TO PT/RATING + +## RISKS TO UPSIDE + +• Greater-than-expected market share gains +• Significant cost reductions led by increasing self-owned line-haul trucks and automation +• Significantly alleviated price competition + +## RISKS TO DOWNSIDE + +• Further market share loss +• Higher unit costs +• Escalated price competition + +## OWNERSHIP POSITIONING + + + +Source: Refinitiv, Morgan Stanley Research + +## MS ESTIMATES VS. CONSENSUS + + + +MORGAN STANLEY RESEARCH diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00081.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00081.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..155497bdee8c63906fd5470a78ff6bc7264dc0ef --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00081.md @@ -0,0 +1,769 @@ +## Financial Summary + +Exhibit 28: JDL: Financial Summary + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Profit & Loss (Rmb mn)202320242025E2026E2027E
Total revenue166,625182,838203,476220,760237,693
From integrated supply chain customers81,47087,35596,856102,933107,472
From other customers48,87555,10361,80068,52575,989
Cost of Revenue(153,978)(164,000)(183,390)(199,040)(214,580)
Employee benefit expenses(55,328)(61,500)(69,771)(76,175)(83,694)
Outsourcing cost(60,293)(63,300)(72,175)(77,423)(82,886)
Rental cost(12,842)(12,800)(12,726)(13,363)(14,031)
Depreciation and amortization(3,913)(4,200)(4,688)(5,588)(6,635)
Others(21,603)(22,200)(24,031)(26,491)(27,335)
Gross Profit12,64718,83820,08621,72023,113
Selling and marketing expense(4,999)15,686)(5,860)(6,292)(6,774)
R&D expense(3,571)(3,571)(3,866)(4,194)(4,516)
General and admin expense(3,353)(3,335)(3,663)(3,863)(4,160)
Operating Profit7246,2446,6977,3717,663
Other income-----
Finance income1,4041,4621,6831,8782,163
Finance expense(1,037)(1,030)(959)(940)(877)
Other non-operating expense(income)(236)47525559
Profit Before Tax8556,7247,4728,3649,007
Taxation Expense (credit)(452)(628)(1,048)(1,459)(1,572)
Net Profit, Reported4046,0966,4256,9047,436
(-) Minority interest551890476229262
Net Profit Attributable to Owners of the Company(147)5,2065,9486,6757,173
Net Profit to Owners, Non-IFRS1,9856,8677,9048,8449,454
Adj.EBIT2,3706,9447,4038,1848,483
Adj.EBITDA14,13019,12919,89621,23822,353
Diluted EPS (Rmb)0.090.941.081.211.30
Adjusted EPS (Rmb)0.301.041.191.331.42
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Balance Sheet(Rmb mn)202320242025E2026E2027E
Net fixed assets16,06016,00218,27420,28521,816
Others40,18334,12632,51530,88129,298
Total non-current assets56,24350,12850,78951,16551,114
Cash& other liquid assets33,26739,65747,48154,63463,007
Non-cash assets23,39228,08330,35832,25434,116
Total current assets56,65867,74077,83986,88897,123
Short-term debt11,72710,97810,4659,9739,502
Other current liabilities27,60528,73532,31235,77339,298
Total current liabilities39,33139,71242,77645,74648,800
Long-term debt15,52612,19214,28913,57612,895
Other long-term liabilities2,6712,9972,9972,9972,997
Total non-current liabilities18,19715,18917,28616,57315,891
Net Assets55,37462,96768,56675,73583,545
Shareholders equity48,15855,32062,75771,03479,920
Minority Interests7,2167,6475,8094,7013,625
Capital Employed55,37462,96768,56675,73583,545
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Cash Flow Statement(Rmb mn)202320242025E2026E2027E
Net profit/(loss)1,1677,0887,6838,2708,906
Depreciation and amortisation12,32812,66412,96013,62114,438
Fair value change63(353)---
Share-based payments787468230237242
Other non-cash items1,2448351,2441,5671,564
Operating cash flow before movement in working capital15,59020,70122,11723,69425,150
Capex(5,436)(5,592)(9,186)(8,921)(9,570)
(Payment)/maturity of restricted cash, deposits and financial at(1,600)3,849---
Change in working capital76290625621659
Sale of fixed assets/investments395956(418)(410)(401
Net cash used in operating and investing activities9,71020,00413,13814,98415,838
Shares issuance--000
Dividend and interests paid(1,056)(1,006)(959)(940)(877)
Net borrowings/repayment3,460(2,354)2,840--
Principal portion of lease payments(7,391)(7,200)(7,337)(7,034)(6,730
JD Group-----
Others20(386)142142142
Net cash flow4,7449,0587,8247,1538,373
Beginning cash21,49517,20725,81233,63640,789
Ending cash17,20725,81233,63640,78949,162
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Ratio Analysis202320242025E2026E2027E
Growth(%)
Total revenue21.39.711.38.57.7
From integrated supply chain customers5.27.210.96.34.4
From other customers7.212.712.210.910.9
Cost of Revenue20.96.511.88.57.8
Employee benefit expenses23.911.213.49.29.9
Outsourcing cost16.95.014.07.37.1
Rental cost14.7-0.3-0.65.05.0
Gross Profit25.749.06.68.16.4
SG&A15.35.66.37.27.7
Operating Profit-358.0762.97.310.14.0
Profit Before Tax-199.4686.111.111.97.7
Net Profit,Reported-135.51,410.25.47.57.7
Net Profit,Non-IFRS418.5245.915.111.96.9
Adj.EBIT39.3193.06.610.53.7
Adj.EBITDA25.435.44.06.75.3
Diluted EPS (Rmb)-155.7901.316.011.67.5
Adjusted EPS (Rmb)418.5244.314.811.96.9
Margins(%)
Gross profit margin7.610.39.99.89.7
EBITDA margin8.510.59.89.69.4
Operating margin0.43.43.33.33.2
Return(%)
ROE4.314.314.314.113.3
ROA1.86.06.46.66.6
Gearing(%)
Net debt/equityNANANANANA
Long-term debt/equity28.019.420.817.915.4
Total debt/equity49.236.836.131.126.8
Net interest coverage(x)2.36.77.78.79.7
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Operating Data202320242025E2026E2027E
No.of external integrated supply chain custr74,71480,70392,808101,161110,266
ARPC (in Rmb)420400388377365
Growth(%)
No.of external integrated supply chain custr(6.5)8.015.09.09.0
ARPC (in Rmb)15.2(4.8)(3.0)(3.0)(3.0)
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Modelware Valuation(x)20232024E2025E2026E2027E
P/E29.511.69.6e8.6e8.0e
P/BV1.2141.2e1.1e0.9e
EV/Sales0.40.40.3e0.2e0.2e
EV/EBIT25.310.38.0e6.1e4.6e
Dividend Yield(%)NANANANANA
MW ROE(%)1.3%12.9%13.3%e13.0%e12.3%e
+ +Source: Company data, Morgan Stanley Research Estimates diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00082.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00082.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9832b24bf5d7186a759285dd676af630fef63ff9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00082.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +## Australia consumer + +Figure 34: Retail sales volume | YoY + + + +Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P. + +Figure 35: Retail sales volume per capita | YoY + + + +Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P. + +Figure 36: Household savings rate + + + +Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P. + +Figure 37: Net overseas migration | Rolling 12M + + + +Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P. + +Figure 38: Retail sales volume growth | Rebased to 100 + + + +Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P. + +Figure 39: Retail sales per capita | A$ + + + +Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P. diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00083.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00083.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..23de8bcf2d74c2d678c5fdfc6ee40fd09ac52085 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00083.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore, accepts legal responsibility for this research, and should be contacted with respect to any matters arising from, or in connection with, this research. Taiwan: This material is for reference only and must not be reprinted without permission. Investors should carefully consider their own investment risk. Investment results are the responsibility of the individual investor. United Kingdom: Persons who would be categorized as retail clients in the United Kingdom, as such term is defined in the rules of the Financial Conduct Authority, should read this research in conjunction with prior Goldman Sachs research on the covered companies referred to herein and should refer to the risk warnings that have been sent to them by Goldman Sachs International. A copy of these risks warnings, and a glossary of certain financial terms used in this report, are available from Goldman Sachs International on request. + +European Union and United Kingdom: Disclosure information in relation to Article 6 (2) of the European Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) (2016/958) supplementing Regulation (EU) No 596/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council (including as that Delegated Regulation is implemented into United Kingdom domestic law and regulation following the United Kingdom’s departure from the European Union and the European Economic Area) with regard to regulatory technical standards for the technical arrangements for objective presentation of investment recommendations or other information recommending or suggesting an investment strategy and for disclosure of particular interests or indications of conflicts of interest is available at https://www.gs.com/disclosures/europeanpolicy.html which states the European Policy for Managing Conflicts of Interest in Connection with Investment Research. + +Japan: Goldman Sachs Japan Co., Ltd. is a Financial Instrument Dealer registered with the Kanto Financial Bureau under registration number Kinsho 69, and a member of Japan Securities Dealers Association, Financial Futures Association of Japan Type II Financial Instruments Firms Association, The Investment Trusts Association, Japan, and Japan Investment Advisers Association. Sales and purchase of equities are subject to commission pre-determined with clients plus consumption tax. See company-specific disclosures as to any applicable disclosures required by Japanese stock exchanges, the Japanese Securities Dealers Association or the Japanese Securities Finance Company. + +## Ratings, coverage universe and related definitions + +Buy (B), Neutral (N), Sell (S) Analysts recommend stocks as Buys or Sells for inclusion on various regional Investment Lists. Being assigned a Buy or Sell on an Investment List is determined by a stock’s total return potential relative to its coverage universe. Any stock not assigned as a Buy or a Sell on an Investment List with an active rating (i.e., a stock that is not Rating Suspended, Not Rated, Early-Stage Biotech, Coverage Suspended or Not Covered), is deemed Neutral. Each region manages Regional Conviction Lists, which are selected from Buy rated stocks on the respective region’s Investment Lists and represent investment recommendations focused on the size of the total return potential and/or the likelihood of the realization of the return across their respective areas of coverage. The addition or removal of stocks from such Conviction Lists are managed by the Investment Review Committee or other designated committee in each respective region and do not represent a change in the analysts’ investment rating for such stocks. + +Total return potential represents the upside or downside differential between the current share price and the price target, including all paid or anticipated dividends, expected during the time horizon associated with the price target. Price targets are required for all covered stocks. The total return potential, price target and associated time horizon are stated in each report adding or reiterating an Investment List membership. + +Coverage Universe: A list of all stocks in each coverage universe is available by primary analyst, stock and coverage universe at https://www.gs.com/research/hedge.html. + +Not Rated (NR). The investment rating, target price and earnings estimates (where relevant) are removed pursuant to Goldman Sachs policy when Goldman Sachs is acting in an advisory capacity in a merger or in a strategic transaction involving this company, when there are legal, regulatory or policy constraints due to Goldman Sachs’ involvement in a transaction, and in certain other circumstances. Early-Stage Biotech (ES). An investment rating and a target price are not assigned pursuant to Goldman Sachs policy when this company neither has a drug, treatment or medical device that has passed a Phase II clinical trial nor a license to distribute a post-Phase II drug, treatment or medical device. Rating Suspended (RS). Goldman Sachs Research has suspended the investment rating and price target for this stock, because there is not a sufficient fundamental basis for determining an investment rating or target price. The previous investment rating and target price, if any, are no longer in effect for this stock and should not be relied upon. Coverage Suspended (CS). Goldman Sachs has suspended coverage of this company. Not Covered (NC). Goldman Sachs does not cover this company. + +## Global product; distributing entities + +Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research produces and distributes research products for clients of Goldman Sachs on a global basis. Analysts based in Goldman Sachs offices around the world produce research on industries and companies, and research on macroeconomics, currencies, commodities and portfolio strategy. This research is disseminated in Australia by Goldman Sachs Australia Pty Ltd (ABN 21 006 797 897); in Brazil by Goldman Sachs do Brasil Corretora de Titulos e Valores Mobiliários S.A.; Public Communication Channel Goldman Sachs Brazil: 0800 727 5764 and / or contatogoldmanbrasil@gs.com. Available Weekdays (except holidays), from 9am to 6pm. Canal de Comunicação com o Público Goldman Sachs Brasil: 0800 727 5764 e/ou contatogoldmanbrasil@gs.com. Horário de funcionamento: segunda-feira a sexta-feira (exceto feriados), das 9h às 18h; in Canada by Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC; in Hong Kong by Goldman Sachs (Asia) L.L.C.; in India by Goldman Sachs (India) Securities Private Ltd.; in Japan by Goldman Sachs Japan Co., Ltd.; in the Republic of Korea by Goldman Sachs (Asia) L.L.C., Seoul Branch; in New Zealand by Goldman Sachs New Zealand Limited; in Russia by OOO Goldman Sachs; in Singapore by Goldman Sachs (Singapore) Pte. (Company Number: 198602165W); and in the United States of America by Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC. Goldman Sachs International has approved this research in connection with its distribution in the United Kingdom. + +Goldman Sachs International (“GSI”), authorised by the Prudential Regulation Authority (“PRA”) and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) and the PRA, has approved this research in connection with its distribution in the United Kingdom. + +European Economic Area: GSI, authorised by the PRA and regulated by the FCA and the PRA, disseminates research in the following jurisdictions within the European Economic Area: the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Italy, the Kingdom of Belgium, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Kingdom of Norway, the Republic of Finland and the Republic of Ireland; GSI - Succursale de Paris (Paris branch) which is authorised by the French Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de resolution (“ACPR”) and regulated by the Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de resolution and the Autorité des marchés financiers (“AMF”) disseminates research in France; GSI - Sucursal en España (Madrid branch) authorized in Spain by the Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores disseminates research in the Kingdom of Spain; GSI - Sweden Bankfilial (Stockholm branch) is authorized by the SFSA as a “third country branch” in accordance with Chapter 4, Section 4 of the Swedish Securities and Market Act (Sw. lag (2007:528) om värdepappersmarknaden) disseminates research in the Kingdom of Sweden; Goldman Sachs Bank Europe SE (“GSBE”) is a credit institution incorporated in Germany and, within the Single Supervisory Mechanism, subject to direct prudential supervision by the European Central Bank and in other respects supervised by German Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht, BaFin) and Deutsche Bundesbank and disseminates research in the Federal Republic of Germany and those jurisdictions within the European Economic Area where GSI is not authorised to disseminate research and additionally, GSBE, Copenhagen Branch filial af GSBE, Tyskland, supervised by the Danish Financial Authority disseminates research in the Kingdom of Denmark; GSBE - Sucursal en España (Madrid branch) subject (to a limited extent) to local supervision by the Bank of Spain disseminates research in the Kingdom of Spain; GSBE - Succursale Italia (Milan branch) to the relevant applicable extent, subject to local supervision by the Bank of Italy (Banca d’Italia) and the Italian Companies and Exchange Commission (Commissione Nazionale per le Società e la Borsa “Consob”) disseminates research in Italy; GSBE - Succursale de Paris (Paris branch), supervised by the AMF and by the ACPR disseminates research in France; and GSBE - Sweden diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00084.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00084.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4d88ada69cbe927e947522d0fbefa9d5c7ed6af8 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00084.md @@ -0,0 +1,304 @@ +Figure 44: Dollar-yen FX forecast and EPS impact + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Period
(as of 20250528)
24/04~
06
act
24/07~
09
act
24/10~
12
act
25/01~
03
est
25/04~
06
est
25/07~
09
est
25/10~
12
est
26/01~
03
est
23 FY
act
24 FY
act
25 FY
est
25 FY
weak yen scenario
25 FY
strong yen scenario
USDJPY period end160.9143.6157.2150.0144143141140151.4150.0140.0145130
USDJPY period avg155.9149.2152.5152.5147.0143.5142.0140.5144.6152.5143.2144.0137.6
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Period avg YoY
(as of 20250528)
24/04~
06
act
24/07~
09
act
24/10~
12
act
25/01~
03
est
25/04~
06
est
25/07~
09
est
25/10~
12
est
26/01~
03
est
23 FY
act
24 FY
act
25 FY
est
25 FY
weak yen scenario
25 FY
strong yen scenario
USDJPY avg YoY%13.3%3.2%3.2%2.8%-5.7%-3.8%-6.9%-7.9%6.7%5.5%-6.1%-5.6%-9.8%
EPS impact %pt7.3%1.7%1.7%1.5%-3.1%-2.1%-3.8%-4.3%3.7%3.0%-3.3%-3.1%-5.4%
+ +Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P., J.P. Morgan estimates and calculations + +Note: FX rate forecasts are Bloomberg forward curve. EPS impact for 25 FY is J.P. Morgan Japan equity strategy team's base scenario forecast, and for 25 FY weak yen scenario and strong yen scenario is the team's simulations based on various assumptions. + +Figure 45: Amount of share buybacks announced by TOPIX names + + + +Source: QUICK, J.P. Morgan + +Figure 46: TOPIX companies' net cash + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
As of May-28-2025Company with net cash(current)
Ratio of companies (%)Market cap (tril JPY)Net cash (tril JPY)Ratio vs Market cap (%)
TOPIX(ex.Fin)56.8352.448.513.8
Autos & Tans. Equip.47.318.85.629.8
Machinery66.719.83.316.6
Elec Appl. & Prec.60.083.57.48.9
Steel & Nonfer28.63.40.618.2
Foods41.010.31.211.3
Retail Trade43.528.52.69.2
Real Estate24.02.00.313.6
Transprt. & Logi.15.31.70.210.4
Const.& Mlater.60.315.52.516.3
IT & Service77.098.814.614.8
Pharmceutical64.731.93.210.1
Elec. Pwr. & Gas8.70.10.024.5
Energy Reso.50.00.60.341.3
Raw. & Chem.54.626.84.215.6
Comm.& Wholesale59.710.72.523.0
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Company with net cash (1Q before)
Ratio of companies (%)Market cap (tril JPY)Net cash (tril JPY)Ratio vs Market cap (%)
57.8380.646.012.1
45.520.24.823.6
69.227.52.910.6
61.397.97.27.3
25.61.40.642.0
47.412.61.310.3
46.932.62.67.9
23.52.00.418.5
20.32.20.211.1
58.812.92.721.0
76.495.213.814.5
64.733.72.98.6
13.00.20.015.5
50.00.60.232.5
57.230.54.213.8
59.510.82.220.5
+ +Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P., J.P. Morgan + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00085.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00085.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c206e01b036e56ee980b43f8a83a88cc00330b3d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00085.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +## Buyside Survey – Top Long & Short Large Cap Picks (>$10B Cap) + +QUESTION: What is your top Large Cap LONG for the remainder of 2025? + +REGN*, ARGX and VRTX were the most commonly named Large Cap long picks among survey respondents + +■ In order, the top net long picks were REGN and ARGX +■ Top Hedge Fund Overall Long: ALNY +■ Top Long-Only Overall Longs: ARGX, LLY, REGN* and VRTX + + +
%Mentions% Net LongInstitution Type
Hedge FundLong-only
REGN12%12%8%
15%
ARGX12%12%8%15%
VRTX12%(4%)8%
15%
ALNY12%-17%8%
LLY8%
8%-15%
BIIB8%8%8%
8%
NBIX8%8%-8%
NVO4%4%8%-
AMGN4%(28%)8%-
AZN4%4%-8%
ONC4%(1%)8%-
GILD4%4%-8%
NBIX4%4%8%-
TEVA4%(1%)8%-
BMRN4%4%8%-
+ +Top picks reflect where the balance of Long/Short mentions favored Long and are rank ordered by volume of Long mentions. N=26 + +QUESTION: What is your top Large Cap SHORT for the remainder of 2025? + +AMGN and MRNA were the most commonly named top large cap shorts (by a relatively wide margin) + +■ In order, the top net shorts were AMGN and MRNA +■ Top Hedge Fund Overall Shorts: 1) MRNA, 2) AMGN and VRTX +■ Top Long-Only Overall Shorts: 1) AMGN, 2) ALNY and 3) EXEL, MRNA, PFE and SMMT + +
%Mentions%Net ShortInstitution Type
Hedge FundLong-only
AMGN27%28%17%44%
MRNA23%5%33%11%
VRTX9%11%17%-
SMMT9%-8%11%
EXEL9%5%8%11%
ALNY9%5%-22%
PFE5%5%-11%
ONC5%2%8%-
BMY5%5%--
TEVA5%2%--
+ +Top picks reflect where the balance of Long/Short mentions favored Short and are rank ordered by volume of Short mentions. N=22 diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00086.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00086.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b594bf3c391b05c625745c19c7cc93c24af05b1f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00086.md @@ -0,0 +1,118 @@ +over the last year and -75% over the last 3 years. The bar for AZO to continue its momentum is significantly higher after its outperformance the last few years while for AAP it is much lower. + +Figure 6. AAP and AZO Price Performance Comparison + + + +
AAPAZO
1 Day Post Earnings57.0%-3.4%
Since Earnings Report54.5%-3.6%
1-Year Price Performance-23.3%36.3%
3-Year Price Performance-75.2%81.6%
+ +© 2025 Citigroup Inc. No redistribution without Citigroup’s written permission. + +Price Performance as of 5/30 Market Close + +Source: Citi Research, FactSet + +## Model Updates + +AAP (Neutral; Raise TP to $49) — We raise our estimates to reflect earnings on 5/22 (read our full note here) and unchanged FY25 guidance. Our FY25E EPS now stands at$1.87 from comp SSS of 1.0% and operating margin of 2.2%. We raise our TP to $49 (was$40) based on ~ 14x our new FY26E EPS. The target price increase is based on higher estimates from higher sales outlook, while the slightly higher multiple represents better execution and industry outlook. We note AAP's target multiple is still a significant discount to peers. + +Figure 7. AAP Citi Notable Estimate Changes (2Q25, FY25, FY26) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Curren Quarter:2Q25Current Year:FY25Next Year:FY26
Citi Estimate ChangesCurrentPriorDeltaCurrentPriorDeltaCurrentPriorDelta
Net Sales($M)$2,046$2,027$19$8,634$8,552$82$8,763$8,752$12
Comparable SSS0.5%0.0%0.5%1.0%0.6%0.4%1.8%1.8%0.0%
Gross Margin Rate %44.4%44.6%-0.2%43.9%43.5%0.4%45.5%45.2%0.3%
EBIT Margin Rate %3.2%4.3%-1.1%2.2%1.8%0.5%3.8%3.6%0.2%
EBIT$65$87-$22$193$150$43$337$318$20
Diluted EPS +$0.70 +$0.97 +($0.27) +$1.87 +$1.18 +$0.69 +$3.50 +$3.17 +$0.33 +
+ +© 2025 Citigroup Inc. No redistribution without Citigroup’s written permission. +Source: Citi Research + +AZO (Buy; Maintain TP of $3,900) — We adjust our estimates to reflect earnings on 5/27 (read our full note here). Our FY25E EPS now stands at$145.82, down slightly from our prior estimate to reflect the EPS miss in F3Q. We modestly lower our out year margin estimates to reflect more conservatism on margins. We maintain our TP of $3,900 based on ~ 24x FY26 EPS, up slightly from our prior 23x, based on improving industry fundamentals and higher valuations for peers. + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00087.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00087.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..162c2763c245a4ff040c8757805090f02fdc5b4f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00087.md @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +## China Express | Asia Pacific + +## Tracking Consolidation + +The segment has seen escalated deflationary pressure YTD, but also brings opportunities from a faster segment consolidation. We highlight a few indicators we would focus on, to track a potential inflection of segment competition. + +## Key Takeaways + +■ We continue to believe ZTO and YTO will likely emerge as winners in the segment consolidation. + +■ In the next 2-3 quarters, SF will likely deliver the fastest profit growth among major profitable players, thanks mainly to its cost efficiency improvements. + +■ J&T could face profit pressure in China, but solid growth thanks to an e-commerce boom in South East Asia will likely cushion downside risks. + +Escalated competition leads to deflationary pressure. Most players faced pressure in their earnings growth during 1Q25 amid escalated competition, due mainly to: 1) continued macro headwinds leading to merchants' high demand sensitivity to lower pricing; and 2) leading player shifting back strategic focus to market share. + +It is a short term pain, but what's next? We continue to believe China's express delivery will see faster segment consolidation as a result of escalated competition, due mainly to: 1) its much stronger economy of scale, vs. other logistics segments, which should lead to a higher level of concentration; and 2) its asset heavy nature, which leads to difficulties for small players with relatively weaker cash flow and balance sheet to compete in a sustainable manner. + +How do we track the consolidation? The "short term pain" from consolidation has existed for too long (since major players' listings in 2016-2018), and investors are asking us – when will the inflection point arrive? We don't have a definite answer but expect the consolidation to accelerate in the next 6-12 months, which could potentially trigger improved market sentiment on the outlook. We highlight a few indicators we track: + +• Market share dynamics from leading players + +• Profit share dynamics + +• Capex dynamics + +• Free cash flow and balance sheet health + +• Tech innovation and retail parcel dynamics + +Risks to segment consolidation: 1) Regulators' intervention to market pricing or market share; 2) equity financing from laggard players. + +With this report, Tenny Song assumes primary coverage of YTO, Yunda and JD Logistics. + +MORGAN STANLEY ASIA LIMITED+ + +Qianlei Fan, CFA +Equity Analyst +Qianlei.Fan@morganstanley.com ++852 2239-1875 + +Tenny Song +Equity Analyst +Tenny.Song@morganstanley.com ++852 3963-1737 + +Jasmine Qiu +Research Associate +Jasmine.Qiu@morganstanley.com ++852 2848-8906 + +Carlos Liu +Research Associate +Carlos.Liu@morganstanley.com ++852 2848-5206 + + + + + +HONG KONG/CHINA TRANSPORTATION & INFRASTRUCTURE + +Asia Pacific + +Industry View +In-Line + +Morgan Stanley does and seeks to do business with companies covered in Morgan Stanley Research. As a result, investors should be aware that the firm may have a conflict of interest that could affect the objectivity of Morgan Stanley Research. Investors should consider Morgan Stanley Research as only a single factor in making their investment decision. + +For analyst certification and other important disclosures, refer to the Disclosure Section, located at the end of this report. + ++= Analysts employed by non-U.S. affiliates are not registered with FINRA, may not be associated persons of the member and may not be subject to FINRA restrictions on communications with a subject company, public appearances and trading securities held by a research analyst account. + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00088.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00088.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5b5657af09d46fc18f094c3809393fae16817533 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00088.md @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +EXHIBIT 6: AbbVie ASCO 2025 Abstracts + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CompanyAssetAbstract#Oral/PosterAbstract DetailsDate/Time
AbbVie
ABBVABBV-969TPS5111PosterPhase 1, open-label, first-in-human study of ABBV-969, a dual variable antibody-drug conjugate, in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.Jun2/9:00AM
ABBVABBV-7063035PosterSeizure-related homolog 6 (SEZ6) expression and ctDNA methylation profiles in patients with high-grade
neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs)/neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) from a phase 1 study of ABBV-706 in
advanced solid tumors.
June2 13:30 -
16:30
ABBVtelis otuzumab
vedotin
TPS8658PosterTeliMET NSCLC-04: A phase 2, open-label, randomized, global study of 2 telisotuzumab vedotin regimens in patients with previously treated c-Met protein-overexpressing, locally advanced/metastatic non-squamous
EGFR wildtype non-small cell lung cancer.
May31/1:30PM
ABBVtelis otuzumab
vedotin
TPS3635PosterTelis otuzumab adizutecan (ABBV-400; Temab-A) monotherapy vs trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab in
patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer with increased c-Met protein expression: An open-label, randomized, phase 3 trial.
May31/9:00AM
ABBVABBV-291TPS7093PosterA phase 1 first-in-human study evaluating safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of ABBV-291, a CD79b-
targeting antibody-drug conjugate, in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Jun1/9:00AM
ABBVlivmoniplimabTSP4618PosterA phase 2, open-label, randomized study of livmoniplimab in combination with budigalimab versus
chemotherapy in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma.
Jun2/9:00AM
ABBVtelis otuzumab
vedotin
8618PosterLUMINOSITY,a phase 2 study of telisotuzumab vedotin in patients with c-Met protein-overexpressing non-
squamous E GFR-wildtype advanced NSCLC: Efficacy outcomes by prior therapy.
May31/1:30PM
ABBVTelisotuzumab
adizutecan
TPS8655PosterPhase 1b/2 study evaluating telisotuzumab adizutecan (ABBV-400; Temab-A) in combination with
budigalimab in patients (pts) with advanced non-squamous (NSQ) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with
no prior treatment for advanced disease and no actionable genomic alterations.
May31/1:30PM
ABBVTelis otuzumab
adizutecan
8512PosterTelisotuzumab adizutecan (ABBV-400; Temab-A), a c-Met protein-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), in patients (pts) with advanced EGFR-mutated (MT) non-squamous (NSQ) non-small cell lung cancer
(NSCLC): Results from a phase 1 study. ,
Jun2/8:00AM
ABBVTelisotuzumab
adizutecan
TPS4202PosterTelisotuzumab adizutecan (ABBV-400; Temab-A) in combination with fluorouracil leucovorin, and
budigalimab in locally advanced/metastatic gastric, gastroesophageal junction, or esophageal
adenocarcinoma (a/m GEA).
May31/9:00AM
ABBVibrutinib7036PosterFinal analysis of fixed-duration ibrutinib + venetoclax for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small
lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) in the phase 2 CAPTIVATE study.
Jun1/9:00AM
ABBVibrutinib7017Rapid OralE fficacy and safety of first-line ibrutinib plus venetoclax in patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) who
were older or had TP53 mutations in the SYMPATICO study.
May31/9:12AM
ABBVpivekimab
sunirine
6502PosterE fficacy and safety of pivekimab sunirine (PVEK) in patients (pts) with blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell
neoplasm (BPDCN) in the CADE NZA study.
Jun2/3:24P M
ABBVepcoritamab7043PosterNovel analysis of 3-y results from the pivotal EPCORE NHL-1 study: Outcomes in patients (pts) with
relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma (R/R LBCL) and complete response (CR) at 2 y with epcoritamab (epcor) monotherapy.
Jun1/9:00AM
ABBVABBV-291TPS7093PosterA phase 1 first-in-human study evaluating safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of ABBV-291, a CD79b-
targeting antibody-drug conjugate, in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
1June-9am
ABBVetentamig7527PosterLong-term efficacy and safety of etentamig, a B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) bispecific antibody in
patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM).
Jun1/9:00AM
+ +Source: ASCO, Bernstein Analysis diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00089.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00089.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ebcb372f82234daaaf94810803c9a87188d254d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00089.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +Our view is based on the following considerations: + +1) We think the market outperformance of peripheral countries vs core countries seen in the past few years is justified and reflects a reversal of fortunes in the macro dynamics of the two blocks (Exhibit 9, Exhibit 10 and Exhibit 11), also manifest in ratings convergence (Exhibit 12). One should not forget the contribution from the general risk-on tone in financial markets (Exhibit 13 shows the GDP-weighted peripheral spread to Germany, iTraxx main and VG since 2022); we believe that global central banks’ ability to bring inflation under control without generating a recession is a significant driver. + +Exhibit 9: Better news in the periphery, worse in the core, in terms of growth*, ... + + + +Source: Bloomberg, Morgan Stanley Research. * Cumulative change in 1Y ahead GDP growth consensus forecast in selected Euro area countries. Periphery: simple average of Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Cyprus; Core: simple average of Germany, France, Netherlands, Belgium, Austria, Finland. + +Exhibit 10: ... budget balance*, and... + + + +Source: Bloomberg, Morgan Stanley Research. * Cumulative change in 1Y ahead budget balance consensus forecast in selected Euro area countries. Periphery: simple average of Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Cyprus; Core: simple average of Germany, France, Netherlands, Belgium, Austria, Finland. + +Exhibit 11: ... labour market$^{*}$ + + + +Source: Bloomberg, Morgan Stanley Research. * Cumulative change in 1Y ahead unemployment rate consensus forecast in selected Euro area countries; signed flipped. Periphery: simple average of Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Cyprus; Core: simple average of Germany, France, Netherlands, Belgium, Austria, Finland. + +Exhibit 12: Sovereign ratings have shown +convergence* + + + +Source: Bloomberg, Morgan Stanley Research. * Average of S&P, Moody's and Fitch. AAA, Aaa = 1, AA+, Aa1 = 2, etc... Periphery: simple average of Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Cyprus; Core: simple average of Germany, France, Netherlands, Belgium, Austria, Finland. diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00090.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00090.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6fb33a149bf5bc7b5179500760eaed6fd346369c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00090.md @@ -0,0 +1,373 @@ +## Australia housing + +Figure 40: Houses | YoY price growth | SYD, MEL and AU + + + +Source: CoreLogic. + +Figure 41: Houses | 3M annualised price growth | SYD, MEL and AU + + + +Source: CoreLogic. + +Figure 42: Houses | 15Y cumulative completions by state ('000) + + + +Source: ABS. + +Figure 43: Housing | Approvals, starts, completions (MAT, '000) + + + +Source: ABS. + +Figure 44: Housing | 3M annualised house values + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Hedonic Home Value Index06/2307/2308/2309/2310/23 11/2312/2301/2402/2403/2404/2405/2406/2407/2408/2409/2410/2411/24 12/2401/2502/2503/2504/2505/25
Houses-Values
Sydney(3m ar)27%24%17%12%11%8%4%2%5%8%8%7%7%7%6%3%1%-2%-6%-7%-2%4%7%5%
Melbourne (3m ar)9%9%8%6%6%3%1%-1%0%3%2%0%-2%-3%-4%-4%-3%-3%-5%-5%-2%3%5%5%
Brisbane (3m ar)18%21%19%18%19%18%16%13%11%14%15%17%15%12%10%9%8%6%5%4%3%4%4%6%
Adelaide (3m ar)11%15%15%15%13%14%15%14%11%13%14%17%15%16%16%16%14%10%8%4%3%3%4%5%
Perth (3m ar)15%16%18%19%23%23%25%22%23%24%27%29%31%29%23%17%13%8%1%-3%-3%0%3%6%
5 Capital Cities Combined (3m ar)18%18%15%12%12%10%8%6%8%10%10%10%10%9%7%5%4%1%-2%-3%-1%3%5%6%
Units-Values
Sydney (3m ar)16%15%10%6%5%4%3%2%4%5%4%4%4%5%3%4%2%-1%-5%-6%-4%0%0%1%
Melbourne (3m ar)8%9%7%7%7%3%0%-5%-2%-2%2%-1%-1%-3%-3%-4%-4%-3%-5%-7%-4%1%5%5%
Brisbane (3m ar)15%17%18%16%16%14%17%16%19%19%21%23%23%23%20%17%13%11%9%10%7%8%7%10%
Adelaide (3m ar)5%8%13%19%14%13%11%16%14%14%14%20%19%22%19%20%16%16%13%8%4%3%2%5%
Perth (3m ar)11%12%14%18%20%19%17%19%26%29%31%28%29%28%25%23%19%13%7%4%6%9%8%9%
5 Capital Cities Combined (3m ar)13%13%10%8%7%6%4%2%4%5%6%6%6%6%4%4%3%1%-3%-4%-2%2%2%4%
+ +Source: CoreLogic diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00091.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00091.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c32f79d60c446be4ef9cf37b9a32025dd9bf607c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00091.md @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +## Antipodean Insights + +Buy the dip... sell the rip? + +• Climbing the Great Wall of Trade Worry – Markets have staged a spectacular rally from the post Liberation Day lows of early April. Tech, in particular, has surged, with the NASDAQ and Magnificent 7 up 25% and 29% respectively (Figure 1). Gains have been even more pronounced in AU Tech, which has leapt 41% since April 7th. Earnings, in contrast, have been in reverse, with downgrades across most major markets (Figure 4). The upshot is a sharp multiple expansion (Figure 5). The largest increase has been in the US, with the NASDAQ’s one-year forward up 5.6pt and the S&P 500 higher by 3.5pt. In the YTD, however, the US is still lagging, with most headline indices lower. China and Europe are leading YTD, up 13% and 8%. + +• Cross-asset: bonds sell off, copper and oil surge – Bonds sold off in May, with the yield on the US 10-year gaining 24bp. The yield on the Australian 10-year rose 9bp. Copper prices rebounded and posted a 4.5% gain. Oil prices climbed 1.2% in May. The DXY extended its decline, dropping another 14bp through the month. + +• Global equities: best month for S&P 500 since Nov-23 – The S&P 500 gained 6.2% in May, while the NASDAQ led the rally with a 9.0% return. EM equities underperformed DM by 170bp. Growth (+9%) demonstrated its strongest outperformance against Value (+3%) since Dec-24. + +• AU GICS: Tech extends lead, Utilities trail behind – All 11 GICS in Australia were higher in May. Strong performances from WTC (+22%), TNE (+40%) and XRO (+14%) saw Tech (+20%) lead the sector leaderboard. Energy (+9%) was the second-best performing sector, driven by WDS (+8%) and STO (+8%). Utilities (+0.3%) was at the bottom of the table for May. + +• Model Portfolio: no respite in May- Our Model Portfolio endured another difficult month. Yet again, CBA was the principal pain point, costing us 65bp. The YTD drag of not owning CBA and WES now stands at 247bp. On the plus side, our Materials OW delivered strong gains, with ORI (+36bp) and NST (+34bp) generating strong positive attribution. We have made a number of changes to our Model Portfolio this month, adding: GMG, NEM, NHF, SUL, and WTC, while exiting ASX, FMG, TLC, and VCX. + + + +
Ranked Sector Returns (Accumulation)Top five stocks
One month%Three months%One month%Three months%
Technology19.8%Technology11.9%Life360 Inc51.9%Spartan Resources Ltd/Australi73.3%
Energy8.6%Communications8.7%Technology One Ltd36.6%West African Resources Ltd63.1%
Communications5.5%Banks8.7%Generation Development Group L34.5%Boss Energy Ltd60.1%
A-REITs5.0%A-REITs4.6%DigiCo Infrastructure REIT27.9%Regis Resources Ltd58.1%
Industrials4.4%Industrials3.6%Tabcorp Holdings Ltd25.9%Genesis Minerals Ltd48.4%
Banks4.4%Utilities2.6%Bottom five stocks  
Resources2.9%Consumer Staples2.5%One month%Three months%
Consumer Disc.2.2%Resources0.5%Healius Ltd-39.9%HMC Capital Ltd-44.7%
Materials1.8%Consumer Disc.0.2%Nufarm Ltd-38.2%Clarity Pharmaceuticals Ltd-39.3%
Health Care1.6%Materials-0.3%Judo Capital Holdings Ltd-19.9%Nufarm Ltd-37.4%
Consumer Staples1.2%Health Care-2.1%Pilbara Minerals Ltd-17.6%Pilbara Minerals Ltd-34.7%
Utilities0.3%Energy-3.4%IDP Education Ltd-12.0%Nuix Ltd-32.6%
+ +Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P. Note: Returns calculated at close of business, 31 May 2025. Past performance is not an indicator of future results + +Australia Equity Strategy and ESG + +Jason Steed $^{\text{AC}}$ + +(61-2) 9003-8609 + +jason.h.steed@jpmorgan.com + +Dylan Adrian + +(61-2) 9003-7397 + +dylan.adrian@jpmorgan.com + +J.P. Morgan Securities Australia Limited + +Cross-asset returns | May-25 + + + +Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P. + +See page 17 for analyst certification and important disclosures, including non-US analyst disclosures. + +J.P. Morgan does and seeks to do business with companies covered in its research reports. As a result, investors should be aware that the firm may have a conflict of interest that could affect the objectivity of this report. Investors should consider this report as only a single factor in making their investment decision. + diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00092.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00092.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2818481ec06336ac8d5719b6fd7028f1a89a94b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00092.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +Exhibit 5: Under our baseline scenario the 2s10s curve doesn't deviate substantially from the forwards + + + +Source: Bloomberg, Morgan Stanley Research + +Exhibit 6: 10s30s forwards are pricing too much flattening in our view + + + +Source: Bloomberg, Morgan Stanley Research + +Our forecasts diverge more significantly from the forwards at the long end of the curve (Exhibit 6) due to a combination of two factors: 1) we expect more adjustment on the back of Dutch pension fund reform and an increase in long-dated issuance in Germany, 2) the decent flattening priced into the forwards. Even under the US upside scenario the modest sell off we envisage is not sufficient to flatten the 10s30s curve much from current levels. + +## Euro area | Intra EMU spreads + +Under the baseline scenario, we expect EGB spreads to move broadly sideways, i.e. overweights in the highest yielding sovereign would benefit from carry and roll (Exhibit 7 and Exhibit 8). + +Exhibit 7: Market forwards are overall pricing wider spreads compared to our forecasts* + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
FranceItalySpain
4Q254Q264Q254Q264Q25 4Q26
Baseline114-4-188-2
US upside6-1-9-33-7-22
US recession161921271818
+ +Source: Bloomberg, Morgan Stanley Research. *10y spreads to Germany: MS forecasts vs forwards + +Exhibit 8: BTP/Bund tighteners are profitable in two scenarios out of three + + + +Source: Bloomberg, Morgan Stanley Research diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00093.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00093.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3c817f58f386617b012bb8505a985bca39aa81f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00093.md @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +## Model Portfolio update + +## Performance | May-25 | Underperformed by 133bp + +Over the course of May, our Model Portfolio underperformed by 133bp, with our UW in Financials and our OW in REITS the main drags. At the other end of the spectrum, our UW in Industrials and our OW in Materials were positive contributors. The key elements of performance within those sectors were as follows: + +• Financials (-96bp): Our zero position in CBA, coupled with our OW in JDO, detracted 65bp and 48bp respectively from our performance this month. This was partially offset by our OWs in NAB (+45bp) and QBE (+40bp). + +• Real Estate (-40bp): The absence of holdings in GMG and an OW in DXS detracted 25bp and 19bp respectively from our overall performance. Our OW in VCX added 14bp. + +• Materials (+64bp): Our OWs in ORI, NST and CSC contributed 26bp, 24bp and 26bp respectively to our performance this month. + +• Industrials (+24bp): OWs in CWY, QUB and BXB bolstered our performance, contributing 24bp, 14bp and 12bp, respectively. + +Figure 7: J.P. Morgan Model Portfolio | Monthly performance attribution (May-25) + + + +Source: J.P. Morgan. Note: Past performance is not indicative of future results. + +## Portfolio update + +• Consumer Discretionary: Following our team’s upgrade of SUL to OW (note), we have incorporated the stock into our Model Portfolio. We continue to see value in holding ‘cyclical laggards’ (HVN, PMV, MTS). Consequently, we have removed TLC from the portfolio this month. + +• Financials: We have exited ASX as the stock has surpassed our team’s price target. In its place, we have added NHF. + +• Technology: We have added WTC in the Model Portfolio following the company’s announcement to acquire US-based e2open. Our team views merit in the transaction (note), having increased its price target by 15%. + +• Materials: We have adjusted our mining holdings but maintained our sector OW. In light of our team’s revised gold price forecast methodology (note) and positive investor feedback on the commodity from the China Summit (note), we have added NEM to the Model Portfolio. We have exited our position in FMG but maintain our OW in BHP for bulk exposure. + +• REITS: We have removed VCX from the Model Portfolio this month following the stock’s strong performance. We reintroduce GMG into the Model Portfolio given its recent lag in performance compared to AI-linked stocks (note). + +Figure 8: J.P. Morgan Model Portfolio | Sector positioning (May-25) + + + +Source: J.P. Morgan. + +## Portfolio performance + +In the table below, we highlight the performance of our Model Portfolio, both on an absolute and relative basis, over a range of time horizons (Figure 9). + +Figure 9: J.P. Morgan Model Portfolio | Total return vs. ASX 200 (May-25) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
1M3M1Y3Y(Ann.)5Y(Ann.)S.I.(Ann.)*S.I.*
J.P.Morgan Model Portfolio+2.9%+3.2%+13.5%+9.3%+14.3%+10.5%+153.1%
S&P/ASX 200+4.2%+4.3%+14.5%+9.3%+12.1%+10.0%+143.2%
Outperformance-1.3%-1.1%-0.9%+0.0%+2.2%+0.5%+9.9%
+ +Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P., J.P. Morgan. *Inception date: 2 February 2016. 3Y, 5Y and since inception figures are stated in annualised terms. Past performance is not indicative of future results. diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00094.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00094.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..826fce5af0d8abc77bc2451ad79b4748b57ae2ac --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00094.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +## List of publicly traded parent-subsidiary pairs + +Another corporate governance theme gaining attention is the dissolution of parent-subsidiary listings in order to resolve conflicts of interest between parent companies and subsidiaries and maximize shareholder value. Major examples so far in 2025 include NTT’s full acquisition of NTT Data Group and Mitsubishi Corporation’s full acquisition of Mitsubishi Shokuhin. Figure 59 below includes a list of major publicly traded parent-subsidiary pairs. + +Figure 59: List of major publicly traded parent-subsidiary pairs (screening) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
As of date:2025/05/26
Subsidiary company's codeSubsidiary
TSE segment
NameJPNNameENGMarket cap
(bil JPY)
Parent
company's
code
Parent TSE segmentParent company's nameJPNParent company's nameENGHolding ratio (%)
1884Prime日本道路THE NIPPON ROAD Co.,Ltd.110.41803Prime清水建設株式会社SHIMIZU CORPORAITON50.1
1949Prime住友電設SUMITOMO DENSETSU CO.,LTD.213.85802Prime住友電気工業株式会社Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.50.0
2281PrimeプリマハムPrima Meat Packers,Ltd.113.88001Prime伊藤忠商事株式会社ITOCHU Corporation46.0
2327Prime日鉄ソリ$-$NS Solutions Corporation706.05401Prime日本製鉄株式会社NIPPON STEEL CORPORATION63.4
2692Prime伊藤忠食品ITOCHU-SHOKUHIN Co.,Ltd.123.18001Prime伊藤忠商事株式会社ITOCHU Corporation52.3
3092PrimeZOZOZOZO,Inc.1388.94689PrimeLINEヤフー株式会社LY Corporation50.9
3141PrimeウエルシアホールディングスWELCIA HOLDINGS CO.,LTD.535.58267Primeイオン株式会社AEON CO.,LTD.50.5
3222Standardユナイテッド·スーバーマーケット·ホールディングフUnited Super Markets Holdings Inc.178.28267Primeイオン株式会社AEON CO.,LTD.33.7
3769PrimeGMOペイメントゲートウェイGMO Payment Gateway,Inc.661.69449PrimeGMO インターネットグループ株式会社GMO internet group,Inc.40.7
4091Prime日本酸素ホールディングスNIPPON SANSO HOLDINGS CORPORATION2159.04188Prime三菱ケミカルグループ株式会社Mitsubishi Chemical Group Corporation50.6
4151Prime協和キリンKyowa Kirin Co.,Ltd.1170.62503Primeキリンホールディングス株式会社Kirin Holdings Company,Limited55.0
4483PrimeJMDCJMDC Inc.201.46645Primeオムロン株式会社OMRON Corporation54.3
4506Prime住友ファーマSumitomo Pharma Co.,Ltd.314.34005Prime住友化学株式会社SUMITOMO CHEMICAL COMPANY,LIMITED51.7
4551Prime島居薬品TORII PHARMACEUTICAL CO.,LTD.182.62914Prime日本たばこ産業株式会社JAPAN TOBACCO INC.53.5
4689PrimeLINEヤフーLY Corporation3804.29434Primeソフトバンク株SoftBank Corp.62.5
4812Prime電通総研DENTSU SOKEN INC.438.74324Prime株式会社電通グ$-$DENTSU GROUP INC.61.8
5191Prime住友理工Sumitomo Riko Company Limited173.55802Prime住友電気工業株式会社Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.49.5
5352Prime黑崎播磨KROSAKI HARIMA CORPORATION101.65401Prime日本製鉄(株)NIPPON STEEL CORPORATION42.9
5449Standard大阪製鉄OSAKA STEEL CO.,LTD.107.35401Prime日本製鉄株式会社NIPPON STEEL CORPORATION60.6
5838Prime来天銀行Rakuten Bank, Ltd.1138.54755Prime楽天グループ株式会社Rakuten Group,Inc.49.3
6345PrimeアイチコーポレーションAICHI CORPORATION102.76201Prime株式会社豐田自動織機TOYOTA INDUSTRIES CORPORATION54.3
6368PrimeオルガノORGANO CORPORATION362.54042Prime東ソー株式会社TOSOH CORPORATION44.0
6744Prime能美防災NOHMI BOSAI LTD.222.09735Primeセコム株式会社SECOM50.3
6967Prime新光電気工業SHINKO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES CO.,LTD.797.56702Prime富士通株式会社Fujitsu Limited50.0
7105Standard三菱ロジスネクストMitsubishi Logisnext Co.,Ltd.226.77011Prime三菱重工業株式会社Mits ubishi Heavy Industries,Ltd.64.5
7181Primeかんぼ生命保険JAPAN POST INSURANCE Co.,Ltd.1182.56178Prime日本郵政株式会社JAPAN POST HOLDINGS Co.,Ltd.49.8
7182Primeゆうちょ銀行JAPAN POST BANK Co.,Ltd.5507.46178Prime日本郵政株式会社JAPAN POST HOLDINGS Co.,Ltd.61.5
7205Prime日野自動車Hino Motors,Ltd.258.67203Primeトヨタ自動車株式会社TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION50.1
7222Standard日産車体NISSAN SHATAI CO.,LTD.146.27201Prime日産自動車株式会社NISSAN MOTOR CO.,LTD.50.0
7451Standard三菱食品Mits ubishi Shokuhin $Co.$,Ltd.275.28058Prime三菱商事株式会社Mits ubishi Corporation50.1
7512Standardイオン北海道Aeon Hokkaido Corporation123.18267Primeイオン株式会社AEON CO.,LTD.65.5
7630Prime壱番屋ICHIBANYA CO.,LTD.144.62810Primeハウス食品グループ本社株式会社House Foods Group Inc.51.0
7739Primeキヤノン電子CANON ELECTRONICS INC.107.67751Primeキヤノン株式会社Canon Inc.53.3
7970Prime信越ポリマーShin-Etsu Polymer Co., Ltd.132.54063Prime信越化学工業株式会社Shin-Etsu Chemical Co.,Ltd.52.0
8060PrimeキヤノンマーケティングジャパンCanon Marketing Japan Inc.590.97751Primeキヤノン株式会社Canon Inc.50.2
8133Prime伊藤忠エネクスITOCHU ENEX CO.,LTD.197.18001Prime伊藤忠商事株式会社ITOCHU Corporation53.8
8278PrimeフジFUJI CO.,LTD.177.68267Primeイオン株式会社AEON CO.,LTD.50.7
8283PrimePALTACPALTAC CORPORATION254.77459Prime株式会社メディバルホールディングスME DIPAL HOLDINGS CORPORATION50.6
8410Primeセブン銀行Seven Bank,Ltd.317.23382Prime株式会社セブン&アイ·ホールディングスSeven&i Holdings Co.,Ltd.38.5
8570PrimeイオンフィナンシャルサービスAE ON Financial Service Co.,Ltd.271.78267Primeイオン株式会社AEON CO.,LTD.48.2
8572StandardアコムACOM CO.,LTD.656.48306Prime株式会社三菱UFJ フィナンシャル·グループMitsubishi UFJ Financial Group,Inc.37.6
8905PrimeイオンモールAE ON MALL CO.,LTD644.48267Primeイオン株式会社AEON CO.,LTD.58.2
9434PrimeソフトバンクSoftBank Corp.10467.09984Primeソフトバンクグループ(株)SoftB ank Group Corp.40.2
9613PrimeNTTデータグループNTT DATA GROUP CORPORATION5596.09432Prime日本電信電話株式会社NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATI57.7
9719PrimeSCSKSCSK Corporation1331.38053Prime住友商事株式会社SUMITOMO CORPORATION50.5
9787PrimeイオンディライトAE ON DELIGHT CO.,LTD.261.78267Primeイオン株式会社AEON CO.,LTD.57.0
1934PrimeユアテックYURTEC CORPORATION133.59506Prime東北電力Tohoku Electric Power Company,Incorporated41.4
1941Prime中電工CHUDENKO CORPORATION196.29504Prime中国電力The Chugoku Electric Power Company,Incorporated37.7
1946PrimeトーエネックTOENEC CORPORATION109.79502Prime中部電力Chubu Electric Power Company,Incorporated42.8
2296Prime伊藤ハム米久ホールディングスITOHAM YONEKYU HOLDINGS INC.287.18058Prime三菱商事Mits ubishi Corporation40.3
2413PrimeエムスリーM3,Inc.1361.26758PrimeソニーグループSony Group Corporation33.9
2678PrimeアスクルASKUL Corporation141.34689PrimeLINEヤフーLY Corporation45.8
3116Primeトヨタ紡織TOYOTA BOSHOKU CORPORATION377.57203Primeトヨタ自動車TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION30.9
3186PrimeネクステージNEXTAGE Co.,Ltd.131.06185StandardSMNSMN Corporation35.0
3231Prime野村不動産ホールディングスNomura Real Estate Holdings,Inc.772.58604Prime野村ホールディングスNomura Holdings,Inc.35.3
4686PrimeジャストシステムJUSTSYSTEMS CORPORATION221.36861PrimeキーエンスKEYENCE CORPORATION44.0
4733PrimeオービックビジネスコンサルタントOBIC BUSINESS CONNSULTANTS CO.,LTD.576.84684PrimeオービックOBIC CO.,Ltd.36.7
6755Prime富士通ゼネラルFUJITSU GENERAL LIMITED306.86702Prime富士通Fujitsu Limited42.2
6995Prime東海理化TOKAI RIKA CO.,LTD.197.47203Primeトヨタ自動車TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION31.2
7211Prime三菱自動車MITSUBISHI MOTORS CORPORATION626.17201Prime日産自動車NISSAN MOTOR CO.,LTD.34.0
7282Prime豊田合成TOYODA GOSEI CO.,LTD.346.67203Primeトヨタ自動車TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION43.5
8566PrimeRICOH LEASING COMPANY,LTD.161.57752Prime$-$RICOH COMPANY,LTD.33.2
8919PrimeカチタスKATITAS Co.,Ltd.169.59843PrimeニトリホールディングスNitori Holdings Co.,Ltd.34.0
9722Prime藤田観光Fujita Kanko Inc.111.65714PrimeDOWAホールディングスDOWA HOLDINGS CO.,LTD.31.3
+ +Source: QUICK, Bloomberg Finance L.P., J.P. Morgan + +Note: This list indicates TSE Prime, Standard, Growth stocks with market cap at least 100 billion JPY that fall under the following categories: (1) Stocks where the parent company is shown to be another listed company according to the CG report; (2) Stocks that are held 30% or more by another listed company, even if they are not listed as a parent-child listing pair in the CG report. diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00095.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00095.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..09d8e69521cdac3754cf6a865f88735f74c2effd --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00095.md @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +## Risk Reward – YTO Express Group Co Ltd (600233.SS) + +Rising Competition Risk; EW on a balanced risk-reward outlook. + +## PRICE TARGET Rmb15.50 + +Derived from probability-weighted DCF valuation scenarios: 10% bull case, 80% base case, 10% bear case. We see a mild probability of YTO's unit profit being worse than expected, mainly because of price competition. We also see a small chance for our bull case if YTO expands market share without sacrificing unit profits. +Key assumptions: 10.8% WACC (1.0x beta) and 2% terminal growth rate. + +## Consensus Price Target Distribution + + + +Source: Refinitiv, Morgan Stanley Research + +## RISK REWARD CHART + + + +Source: Refinitiv, Morgan Stanley Research + +## EQUAL-WEIGHT THESIS + +■ We think YTO will remain the second-largest player in the segment, and benefit from higher pricing power from leading players over the medium to long term. + +■ But in the short term, the leading player's strategic shift to market share gain may hurt YTO the most, and elevated capex may also bring cost pressure. + +■ Our price target implies 13x 2025e P/E, largely in line with domestic peers' average. + +■ We see a more balanced risk-reward on this basis. + +## Consensus Rating Distribution + + + +Source: Refinitiv, Morgan Stanley Research + +## Risk Reward Themes + +Pricing Power: Negative + +Self-help: Positive + +Technology Diffusion: Positive + +View descriptions of Risk Rewards Themes here + +## BULL CASE + +## Rmb24.00 + +## 20.6x 2025e P/E + +Revenue growth: 11.0%, 10.6%, and 11.2% in 2025e, 2026e, and 2027e, respectively. + +EBIT margin: 10%, 10%, and 10% in 2025e, 2026e, and 2027e, respectively. + +Volume grows more aggressively than in our base case, led by the strengthening of network stability. ASP grows more significantly, led by alleviated price competition. + +Margins are higher than in our base case, driven by better-than-expected cost efficiency. + +## BASE CASE + +## Rmb15.20 + +## 13.0x 2025e P/E + +Revenue growth: 10.0%, 9.6%, and 10.2% in 2025e, 2026e, and 2027e, respectively. + +EBIT margin: 7%, 7%, and 7% in 2025e, 2026e, and 2027e, respectively. + +Volume growth: 21%, 13%, and 14% in 2025e, 2026e, and 2076e, respectively, with market share expanding from 15.2% in 2024 to 16.5% in 2027e. + +Express ASP: -7.0%, -3.0%, and -3.0%, respectively, in 2025e, 2026e, and 2027e. + +## BEAR CASE + +## Rmb8.90 + +## 7.6x 2025e P/E + +Revenue growth: 9.0%, 8.6%, and 9.2% in 2025e, 2026e, and 2027e, respectively. + +EBIT margin: 4%, 4%, and 4% in 2025e, 2026e, and 2027e, respectively. + +Lower volume growth and more severe ASP decline, led by more intensified industry competition. + +More margin erosion as a result of cost inflation. diff --git a/markdowns/finance_research_report_00096.md b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00096.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aa6b1292c3b646d7bae9ed5e696ad586eccd4ff8 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/finance_research_report_00096.md @@ -0,0 +1,207 @@ +Figure 52: Major names in GICS 25 industry group + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Sector nameWeight in TOPIX (as of 5/23)Top1
(Highest weight in TOPIX)
Top2Top3Top4Top5
Capital Goods19.1%HITACHI LTDMITSUBISHI HEAV/Y INDUSTRIESMITSUBISHI CORPITOCHU CORPMITSUI & CO LTD
Banks9.2%MITSUBISHI UFJ FINANCIAL GROSUMITOMMO MITSUI FINANCIAL GRMIZUHO FINANCIAL GROUP INCRESONA HOLDINGS INCSUMITOMO MITSUI TRUJST GROUP
Automobiles & Components8.0%TOYOTA MOTOR CORPHONDA MOTOR CO LTDDENSO CORPBRIDGESTONE CORPSUZUKI MOTOR CORP
Consumer Durables & Apparel6.1%SONY GROUP CORPPANASONIC HOLDINGS CORPASICS CORPBANDAI NAMCO HOLDINGS INCSEKISUI HOUSE LTD
Tech Hardware &Equip.5.4%KEYENCE CORPCANON INCFUJIFILM HOLDINGS CORPMURATA MANUFACTURING CO LTDTDK CORP
Materials4.5%SHIN-ETSU CHEMICAL CO LTDNIPPON STEEL CORPNITTO DENKO CORPTORAY INDUSTRIES INCASAHI KASEI CORP
Telecom.Services4.4%NIPPON TELEGRAPH & TELEPHONESOFTBANK GROUP CORPKDDI CORPSOFTBANK CORPINTERNET INITIATIVE JAPAN
Pharm.,Biotech4.2%TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICAL CO LTDDAIICHI SANKYO CO LTDCHUGAI PHARMACEUTICAL COLTDOTSUKA HOLDINGS CO LTDASTELLAS PHARMA INC
Insurance4.1%TOKIO MARINE HOLDINGS INCMS&AD INSURANCE GROUP HOLDINSOMPO HOLDINGS INCDAI-ICHI LIFE HOLDINGS INCJAPAN POST HOLDINGS CO LTD
Media & Entertainment3.8%NINTENDO CO LTDCAPCOM CO LTDLY CORPKONAMI GROUP CORPNEXON CO LTD
Transportation3.6%EAST JAPAN RAILWAY COCENTRAL JAPAN RAILWAY CONIPPON YUSEN KKMITSUI OSK LINES LTDANA HOLDINGS INC
Semiconductors & Equip.3.5%TOKYO ELECTRON LTDADVANTEST CORPDISCO CORPRENESAS ELECTRONICS CORPLASERTEC CORP
Software & Services3.3%FUJITSU LIMITEDNEC CORPNOMURA RESEARCH INSTITUTE LTNTT DATA GROUP CORPOBIC CO LTD
Food,Beverage& Tobacco3.1%JAPAN TOBACCO INCAJINOMOTO CO INCASAHI GROUP HOLDINGS LTDKIRIN HOLDINGS CO LTDTOYO SUISAN KAISHA LTD
Comm.& Prof. Services2.9%RECRUIT HOLDINGS CO LTDSECOM CO LTDBAYCURRENT INCTOPPAN HOLDINGS INCDAI NIPPON PRINTING CO LTD
Retailing2.5%FAST RETAILING CO LTDPAN PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL HORYOHIN KEIKAKU CO LTDRAKUTEN GROUP INCNITORI HOLDINGS CO LTD
Health Care Equip.& Services2.4%HOYA CORPTERUMO CORPOLYMPUS CORPSYSMEX CORPM3 INC
Real Estate2.1%MITSUI FUDOSAN CO LTDDAIWA HOUSE INDUSTRY CO LTDMITSUBISHI ESTATE CO LTDSUMITOMO REALTY & DEVELOPMENDAITO TRUST CONSTRUCT CO LTD
Diversified Financials2.0%ORIX CORPNOMURA HOLDINGS INCJAPAN EXCHANGE GROUP INCSBI HOLDINGS INCDAIWA SECURITIES GROUP INC
Food & Staples Retailing1.8%SEVEN & I HOLDINGS CO LTDAEON CO LTDMATSUKIYOCOCOKARA &COKOBE BUSSAN CO LTDTSURUHA HOLDINGS INC
Utilities1.3%TOKYO GAS CO LTDKANSAI ELECTRIC POWER CO INCOSAKA GAS CO LTDCHUBU ELECTRIC POWER CO INCTOKYO ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY
Consumer Services1.0%ORIENTAL LAND CO LTDZENSHO HOLDINGS CO LTDSKYLARK HOLDINGS CO LTDFOOD&LIFE COMPANIES LTDRESORTTRUST INC
Household & Per.Prod.1.0%KAO CORPUNICHARM CORPSHISEIDO CO LTDROHTO PHARMACEUTICAL CO LTDLION CORP
Energy0.7%ENEOS HOLDINGS INCINPEX CORPIDEMITSU KOSAN CO LTDCOSMO ENERGY HOLDINGS CO LTDIWATANI CORP
+ +Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P., J.P. Morgan + +Note: The top 5 stocks by weight in the TOPIX index for Japanese stocks by GICS 25 industry group diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00001.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00001.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6c97321168db736fed6c48e5d546571893b04dcb --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00001.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +## The Walt Disney Company + +制造商行为守则 + +华特·迪士尼公司全体同仁承诺: + +· 在所有业务领域里和世界各地都实行精益求精的标准; + +· 在所有运作和行为中都严守职业道德,并承担责任; + +· 尊重所有人的权利;以及 + +· 注重环保。 + +我们期望迪士尼公司商品的所有制造商都信守同样的承诺。我们要求迪士尼公司商品的所有制造商至少达到下列标准: + +## 童工 + +制造商不得雇用童工。 + +“儿童”一词是指年龄未满15岁者(或者按当地法规规定年龄未满14岁者),或高于15岁而未满当地法定最低就业年龄者或未满完成义务制教育年龄者。 + +即使所雇用的青少年不符合上述“儿童”的定义,制造商仍须遵守有关此类人士的任何相关法律规章。 + +## 非志愿劳工 + +制造商不得雇用任何强迫性或非志愿劳工,无论是监狱劳工、奴工、契约劳工或其他劳工。 + +## 胁迫与骚扰 + +制造商将给予每个员工尊严及尊重,并不得以体罚、暴力威胁、或其他形式对其进行身体虐待、性虐待、心理虐待或口头虐待。 + +## 不歧视 + +制造商不得在聘用和雇用过程中歧视员工,包括以种族、宗教、年龄、国籍、社会或民族团体、性癖、性别、政治观点或残疾为理由在工资、福利、提拔、惩处、解雇或退休等方面对员工实行歧视。 + +## 结社 + +制造商将尊重员工以合法及和平的方式进行结社、组织以及进行集体谈判的权利,而不得加以惩罚或干预。 + +## 健康及安全 + +制造商将按照所有相关的法律规章,为员工提供安全和健康的工作场所,并确保他们获得能够满足其最低需求的饮用水和卫生设施;消防安全;以及充足的照明和通风。制造商亦将确保在为员工提供任何宿舍时,实行同样的健康及安全标准。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00002.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00002.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..206adf2cb3edb59e37a136839e88994c7fc5c4b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00002.md @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +另表第2 违约金(有关第6条第2项)……旅馆用 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
解除契约收到通知日 契约申请人数不住当日1天前2天前3天前5天前6天前7天前8天前14天前15天前20天前30天前
14名为止100%100%50%30%30%%%%%%%%%
15~30名为止100%100%70%50%50%30%20%20%10%%%%%
31名~100名为止100%100%70%50%50%30%20%20%10%10%%%%
101名以上100%100%70%50%50%30%20%20%20%10%10%10%%
+ +(注)1. %是相对基本住宿费违约金的比率。 + +2. 缩短契约天数时,与缩短天数无关,按一天(第一天)收取违约金。 + +3. 团体客(15名以上)的一部分解除契约时,住宿10天前(其当日后接受申请时按接受申请日为准)住宿人数的10%(向上取整数)不收违约金。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00003.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00003.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e6ed87faf7850fad003056fd1a6f68eaa7853a42 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00003.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +## 第五条 受益人 + +除本合同另有约定外,本合同保险金的受益人为被保险人本人。 + +## 第六条 保险期间 + +本合同保险期间为一年,以保险单载明的起讫时间为准。 + +## 第七条 保险金额 + +保险金额是保险人承担给付保险金责任的最高限额。本合同的保险金额由投保人、保险人双方约定,并在保险单中载明。保险金额一经确定,保险期间内不能进行变更。 + +## 第八条 年度总赔偿限额 + +保险单或批单中所载的额度,是每一年度保险期间中保险人在本合同项下对任一被保险人累计支付保险金的最高额度。 + +若在保险期间中,在本合同下对任一被保险人支付的累计总保险金达到了年度总赔偿限额,则在剩余的保险期间中,不会对该被保险人再支付任何保险金。 + +## 第九条 免赔额和自付比率 + +免赔额:在保险单或批单中详细载明的,在依据保险单申请相应的理赔款之前,需要被保险人自己承担的或者支付的金额。 + +自付比率:在保险单或批单中详细载明的,用于计算被保险人在扣除免赔额之外(如有)还必须自己承担的医疗费用的比率。 + +## 第十条 保险费的支付 + +保险费金额根据投保的保险期间开始时每个被保险人的周岁年龄,按照相应的保险期间开始时保险人有效适用的费率表和可能对承保风险有实质性影响的因素计算得出。保险人有权变更费率表并将其适用于投保人与保险人在费率表变更后订立的保险合同。 + +投保人应按照保险合同的约定,在保险单、续保批单、临时保险合同或批单等载明的保险合同生效日、续保日之前,向保险人全额交纳保险费。 + +投保人未按保险合同约定交纳保险费的,则保险合同不生效,保险人在任何情况下均不承担保险责任。投保人在保险合同约定的交费日期之后的任何付款,均不能使该保险合同重新产生效力,但因外汇支付审批手续原因,保险费需迟于上述保险合同约定的交费日交纳且经保险人同意的除外。 + +## 第十⼀条 犹豫期 + +投保人在收到本合同之后享有14个工作日的犹豫期以审阅本合同。若投保人在犹豫期内决定本合同不适合其需求,可以以书面形式明确告知保险人将该保险合同解除,并将保 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00004.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00004.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cfa32f95cd1fca553f545abadf467ea039cc7955 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00004.md @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +险合同和保险人发放的医疗卡等相关资料以邮寄方式归还给保险人。若在此期间内被保险人并未提出任何索赔,保险人将无息退还其所付的保险费,同时对于犹豫期内发生的保险事故所致的任何费用不负责赔偿。本犹豫期不适用于保险期间中途增加被保险人的情形,也不适用于续保的保险合同。 + +## 第二章 保障内容 + +## 第十二条 保障区域 + +保险人提供以下提供三种承保区域:全球、国际和中国计划;由投保人在投保时与保险人协商确定并在保险单中载明。 + +(一)全球计划 + +全球计划的承保区域为全球任何国家和地区。 + +(二)国际计划 + +国际计划的承保区域为除美国之外的全球任何国家和地区。 + +(三)中国计划 + +中国计划的承保区域为中华人民共和国境内(不包括香港、台湾和澳门)。 + +附属被保险人的保障区域必须等同于或小于主被保险人的保障区域。 + +## 第十三条 保险责任 + +在本合同保险期间内,被保险人遭受意外伤害或罹患疾病在其保障区域范围内符合本合同约定的医院就医的,保险人在保险单中载明的年度总赔偿限额、各保险责任的分项赔偿限额内,对被保险人实际发生并支付的医疗必需、合理且惯常的医疗费用,按本合同约定承担保险责任,本合同另有约定除外。 + +## 门诊责任 + +## 1. 普通门诊费用 + +由注册医师提供医疗服务而产生的医疗费用。 + +## 2. 专科门诊费用 + +由专科医师提供医疗服务而产生的医疗费用。 + +## 3. 物理治疗和脊柱推拿治疗费用 + +由医生或专科医生转诊,接受物理治疗或脊柱推拿治疗的医疗费用。 + +## 4. 中医、整骨及针灸治疗费用 + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00005.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00005.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1705ceae993d8afb75f4ddb50d5529d8801a9bec --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00005.md @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +保险合同下作为附属被保险人的主被保险人子女在保险合同的保险期间届满时已结婚或已年满18周岁或已非全日制在校学生,均不能继续成为本保险的附属被保险人。他们将不再有权在投保人的保险合同下享受保障。上述主被保险人子女可以与保险人另行订立保险合同;如果其在与保险人订立新的保险合同之前的保险保障并无中断,那么保险人将继续承保其在新的保险合同成立之前已存在之病症。 + +## 第十八条 保险责任的自动终止 + +本合同针对各个被保险人的保险责任将在发生下列任一情形时自动终止且无需另行通知,以当中最早发生者为准: + +1. 保险责任期间届满: + +2. 该被保险人死亡; + +若被保险人在保险期间开始时满足年龄资格要求,在保险期间内,保险责任不因其年龄的改变而自动终止。 + +## 第十九条 保险合同的解除和变更 + +(一)在保险期间内,投保人有权提前14天书面通知保险人解除合同。若在保险期间内任一被保险人已有理赔记录,则该被保险人的退还保费为零。若在保险期间内所有被保险人均未有理赔记录,保险人将按照下述“保险费退费表”以投保人支付保险费时所选择的货币类型退还已付保险费: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
已经过的保险期间退还已付保险费
不超过60 天60%
不超过90 天50%
不超过120 天40%
不超过180 天25%
超过180 天
+ +(二)在保险期间内,投保人有权提前14天书面通知保险人终止任何附属被保险人的保障。若在保险期间内该附属被保险人已有理赔记录,退还保费为零。若该附属被保险人在保险期间内未有理赔记录,将按照下述“保险费退费表”并以投保人支付保险费时所选择的货币类型退还相应的已付保险费: + + + + + + + +
已经过的保险期间退还已付保险费
不超过60 天60%
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00006.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00006.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0683dc9df393744ed80248b0930e03ae5809e81e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00006.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +## 销售通用条款 + +## General Terms and Conditions of Sale + +## 1. 适用范围 General - Scope + +除非另有书面约定,本条款适用于双方就合同产品或服务(以下统称为"产品")的所有买卖。 + +The following terms apply to all sales of products or services and deliveries unless agreed otherwise in writing. Furthermore, they apply within the framework of an ongoing business relationship. As well as for all future business with the customer, even if this is not expressly agreed in the future. The customer's terms of business apply only if we have agreed to them in writing. + +## 2. 验收 Acceptance + +2.1 合同产品交付后,买方应自收货起十二(12)小时内在收货单上签字确认收到合同产品(买方签字确认收货或者超过12小时未签字确认收货均视为卖方已交付),并在不迟于合同产品交付后三(3)个自然日内(“验收期”)进行验收。如发现包括但不限于短少、损坏或者型号、规格等与合同约定不符,买方应在“验收期”内书面通知卖方。如果买方未书面提出合同产品不符合合同约定,则自交付之日起,已交付的合同产品被视为符合合同约定,卖方已按合同约定履行义务。 + +Upon delivery of Contractual Product, the Buyer shall sign the cargo receipt within 12 hours from the date of receipt (either signing of cargo receipt by the Buyer or even not signing but beyond the time limit shall be deemed as Product has been delivered), and the Buyer shall carry out inspection within 3 natural days (“inspection period”) upon receipt of Product. In the event that any non-conformity is found including, but not limited to shipment shortage, damage, model or specifications, etc., the Buyer shall notify the Seller in written form but within inspection period. If the Buyer fails to notify the Seller within aforesaid time limit, the Product shall be deemed in conformity with the contract and the Seller has fulfilled its obligations in accordance with the Contract. + +2.2 合同产品的轻微瑕疵(指对合同产品的安全,操作,维护和修理不构成严重影响的瑕疵)不应当成为拒绝接收的理由。卖方应当在自收到买方的书面通知后的合理期限内以合理方式修补合同产品的瑕疵。在任何情况下,合同产品部分或全部投入商业运行时,即应视为已经通过了验收。 + +Minor defects of the Contractual Products that have no serious effect on the safety, operation, maintenance or repair of the Contractual Products shall not impede the Acceptance. The Seller shall remedy such defects of the Contractual Products within a reasonable period and in a reasonable manner upon the receipt of the written notice from the Buyer. In any case, the Acceptance shall be deemed to have been granted in the event that the Contractual Products are partially or fully, put into commercial operation. + +2.3 买方或者第三人就有关检验合同产品的成本及费用应当由买方承担。 + +All costs and expenses of the Buyer or any third party with respect to inspection of the Contractual Products shall be borne by the Buyer. + +## 3. 价格Price + +除非双方另行书面同意,本合同规定的产品价格指的是“卖方在上海松江仓库交货价”,含“包装费”,“增值税”,运输或保险费用。计价单位为“人民币”。 + +Unless otherwise agreed in writing, the price of Contractual Products hereof, refers to ex-work Seller’s warehouse located in Songjiang, Shanghai, including packing fee, VAT (value added tax) and transportation fee and insurance. The currency shall be in RMB. + +## 4. 付款 Payment + +买方应当按照合同的规定向卖方支付货款。如未支付到期货款,买方应当按照逾期付款总额每天5%的比例支付延迟付款的 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00007.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00007.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..feea38e3a1547129afecd8f64af7d6011fa6d2e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00007.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +滞纳金、卖方有权在卖方为履行合同做准备或开始生产合同产品之前要求买方支付预付款或提供一定的担保。 + +Payment shall be made to the Seller in accordance with the provisions hereof. In the event that any due payment is not arrived in time, the Buyer shall pay the penalty sum calculated at the charging rate of 5%. of the overdue payment per day. The Seller may require or demand down payment or adequate assurances of performance from the Buyer prior to taking any preparatory steps for performing the Contract or beginning the manufacture of the Contractual Products. + +## 5. 订单取消 Order Cancellation + +未经卖方书面同意,任何已被卖方接纳的订单均不得由买方取消。经卖方书面同意,买方可于卖方接纳订单之日起2周内书面通知卖方取消订单,并偿付卖方因取消订单引起的相关损失,包括但不限于因取消合同而造成的合理的人工费,原材料费或与合同有关的其他费用。如果买方订购的产品为特殊定制,无论何时订单取消,卖方都有权扣除买方支付的约定违约金或合同定金。 + +Any accepted order by the Seller shall not be cancelled by the Buyer without prior written consent of the Seller. With prior written consent of the seller, the Buyer may cancel order with written notice and within 2 weeks from the date of order accepted by the Seller, and indemnify the Seller for related losses arising from the cancellation thereof, including but not limited to reasonable reimbursement for any labor, material or other expenses incurred in connection with the contract. In the event that the Contractual Products are specially customized by the Buyer, whenever order cancellation hereof occurs, the Seller is entitled to deduct agreed liquidated damages paid by the Buyer or the down payment of the Contract + +## 6. 索赔 Claims + +买方因合同产品与合同及其附件不符合而向卖方提出异议或任何索赔要求应当在本条件第2.1条规定的验收期内提出。无论如何,买方不得在本条件的第11.2条规定的质量保证期期满后再就合同产品数量或质量提出索赔。 + +Any claim from the Buyer alleges that the Contractual Products are not incompliance with the Contract and its annexes shall be made to the Seller within the Inspection Period as set out in Article2.1 of the terms. In no event may Buyer claim for shortage of or defects in the Contractual Products after the expiration of the Warranty Period provided in Section 11.2 hereof. + +## 7. 装运及交付 Shipment and delivery + +7.1 卖方将按照其通常的标准装运合同产品,但卖方不负责目的地的卸货及所产生的费用。如果双方同意采取特别的运输或包装方式,买方还将承担由此产生的额外费用。买方如需变更产品交付地点或收货人,应至少在卖方发货2日前书面通知卖方,并承担因此多出的运费及其他费用。 + +The Seller shall arrange the shipment of Contractual Products according to its standard commercial practice but not be responsible for unloading and expenses arising therefrom. In case special packing or shipping instruction is agreed by both parties, additional charges thereof, if any, shall also be borne by the Buyer. In the event that the Buyer needs to change the designated shipping address or consignee, the Buyer shall, at least 2 days prior to the seller's delivery, notify the seller in writing and bear the extra freight and other charges. + +7.2 除双方另有约定外,合同产品的部分交付应被允许。 + +Unless otherwise agreed by both parties, partial shipment of Contractual products shall be allowed. + +## 8. 风险的转移 Transfer of Risk + +合同产品发生灭失或损坏的一切风险,应根据《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》的规定,自交付时起由卖方转移至买方。如果合同产品可供交付,但由于卖方无法合理控制的原因不能交付,则自卖方书面通知买方合同产品可供交付之日起,相关合同产品灭失或损坏的风险应当自卖方转移至买方。 + +All risk of losses of or damages to the Contractual Products shall be transferred from the Seller to the Buyer upon delivery according to the Incoterms 2010. In case the Contractual Products are ready for delivery but fail to be shipped for the reason beyond the Seller's reasonable control, transfer of risks shall be deemed to have taken place upon Seller's written notice to the Buyer of readiness for delivery of the Contractual Products concerned. + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00008.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00008.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d78bb355e57fb9053660ac26c6088f500806af12 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00008.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +## 9. 合同产品所有权 Title of Contractual Products + +卖方享有合同产品的所有权,直至买方全部付清合同总价。 + +The Seller retains the ownership to the Contractual Products until the Buyer has paid the Total Contract Amount in full + +## 10. 延期交货 Delay in Delivery + +10.1 卖方应按照合同规定的交货时间交付合同产品。 + +The Seller shall deliver the Contractual Products in accordance with the Time of Delivery as set forth in the Contract. + +10.2 卖方按照规定时间交货将基于以下条件:买方及时履行了其合同下的义务,包括不限于i) 支付合同预付款项(如有),以及ii) 及时提供所有必须的许可证及批文(如有)。如果上述条件未能及时得到满足,交货期应当延长由于上述原因耽误的相同天数并且卖方毋须承担延期的责任,买方应支付卖方因此发生的额外费用开支,包括但不限于仓储和运输费用。 + +Delivery of Contractual Products by the Seller is subject to the Buyer's fulfillment of its obligations under the Contract in a timely manner, including but not limited to i) making down payment (if any); and ii) obtaining all necessary licenses and approvals (if any). If the aforesaid conditions are not satisfied, the Time of Delivery shall be postponed accordingly for the same days delayed due to the reason above, and the Seller is not responsible for such delay in delivery. The seller shall be reimbursed by the Buyer for the additional costs and expenses arising therefrom, including but not limited to fees for storage and freight. + +10.3 如果延期归咎于本条款规定的不可抗力,或其他卖方无法合理控制的原因,交货期应当相应延长且卖方无需承担该等延期交货之责任。 + +If any delay is attributable to Force Majeure as defined hereof or any other causes beyond the reasonable control of the Seller, the date of delivery shall be postponed accordingly and the Seller is not liable for such delay thereof. + +10.4 如果因完全归咎于卖方的原因而导致交货期限超过合同规定的日期,或未能在其他经双方同意的任何推迟之后的交货期内交货,则买方可请求延期交付产品价款总额每日0.5%的违约金作为损害赔偿。该等损害赔偿最高不得超过延期交付产品价款总额的20%。该等损害赔偿是买方在卖方延期交货时可获得的唯一和所有的救济。 + +In the event that the Seller fails to deliver the Contractual Products within the Time of Delivery as set forth in the Contract, or within any agreed extension period for reasons solely attributable to the Seller, the Buyer may claim penalty as liquidated damage in the amount of 0.5% of the value of delayed Contractual Products per day. The liquidated damage in total shall be limited to 20% of the value of the delayed Contractual Products. Such liquidated damages shall be the sole and exclusive remedy of the Buyer in the event that such delay in delivery occurs. + +## 11. 质保 Warranty + +11.1 卖方保证合同产品符合双方约定的产品规格。除非卖方在合同中明确表示,卖方未就合同产品作任何其他陈述或保证(无论是隐含或法定的),包括但不限于任何有关合同产品适销、适用于特殊的目的或其他事项的保证。本条在合同终止或撤销后继续有效。 + +The Seller warrants that the Contractual Products will meet the specifications agreed by both parties. Unless expressly stated in the Contract, the Seller disclaims all representations and warranties of any kind (whether arising by implication or by legal) with respect to the Contractual Products, including but not limited to any warranties or representations as to merchantability, fitness for particular purpose or any other matter thereof. This Clause survives the termination or cancellation of the Contract. + +11.2 质保期为自交付之日起【12】个月;维修泵自交付之日起【6】个月;配件无质保。 + +The warranty period should be 12 months upon the date of receipt; Repaired pumps are covered by 6 months warranty upon the date of receipt; No warranties for spare parts. + +11.3 如果卖方已备好合同产品并向买方发出“货物备妥通知”或其他表明合同产品可以交付的通知,但由于买方的原因未交付,则合同产品的质保期自卖方发出“货物备妥通知”或其他表明合同产品可供交付的通知十五(15)日之后起算。 + +If the Contractual Products are ready for delivery and the Seller has sent the notice of "Readiness for Shipment" or other similar notice showing readiness for delivery, but the Contractual Products are not delivered due to reasons attributable to the Buyer, the warranty period of the Contractual Products shall start fifteen (15) days upon the issuing date of this notice. + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00009.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00009.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2aeeac899d06f81bbeb5a58937f1ee2e4c64c701 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00009.md @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +## 2.6 责任免除 + +(一)因下列情形之一导致被保险人身故的,我们不承担给付保险金的责任: + +(1)投保人对被保险人的故意杀害、故意伤害; + +(2)被保险人故意犯罪或者抗拒依法采取的刑事强制措施; + +(3)被保险人自本保险合同生效日或者最后复效日起二年内自杀,但被保险人自杀时为无民事行为能力人的除外; + +(4) 被保险人主动吸食或注射毒品(见8.6); + +(5)被保险人酒后驾驶(见8.7)、无合法有效驾驶证驾驶(见8.8),或驾驶无有效行驶证(见8.9)的机动车(见8.10); + +(6)战争、军事冲突、暴乱或武装叛乱; + +(7)核爆炸、核辐射或核污染。 + +(二)发生上述第(1)、(2)项情形导致被保险人身故的,本保险合同终止;若您已交足二年以上保险费,我们将本保险合同终止时的现金价值作为被保险人的遗产,按《中华人民共和国继承法》的规定退还给被保险人的继承人。 + +(三)发生上述其他情形导致被保险人身故的,本保险合同终止,我们向您退还本保险合同的现金价值。 + +## 3 您如何支付保险费 + +## 3.1 保险费的支付 + +本保险合同的保险费、交费方式和交费期间由您和我们约定并在保险单上载明。 + +分期支付保险费的,在支付首期保险费后,您应当按照约定,在每个保险费约定支付日(见8.11)支付当期保险费。 + +## 3.2 宽限期 + +分期支付保险费的,除本保险合同另有约定外,自保险费约定支付日次日零时起六十日为宽限期。 + +宽限期内发生的保险事故,我们仍会承担保险责任,但在给付保险金时会扣减您欠交的保险费。 + +如果您宽限期结束之后仍未支付保险费,则本保险合同自宽限期届满次日零时起效力中止。在本保险合同效力中止期间,我们不承担保险责任。 + +## 4 您如何申请领取保险金 + +## 4.1 受益人 + +(一)身故保险金受益人 + +您或者被保险人可以指定身故保险金受益人及其受益顺序和受益份额。 + +被保险人为无民事行为能力人或限制民事行为能力人的,可以由其监护人指定受益人。 + +经被保险人书面同意后,您可以变更受益人,并书面通知我们。 + +若您或被保险人没有指定身故保险金受益人,被保险人身故后,保险金作为被保险人的遗产,由我们依照《中华人民共和国保险法》的规定履行给付保险金的义务。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00010.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00010.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..959f60e29a9e422289ff78d72d62532b1598d898 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00010.md @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +受益人故意造成被保险人死亡、伤残、疾病的,或者故意杀害被保险人未遂的,该受益人丧失受益权。 + +(二)其他保险金受益人 + +除另有约定外,其他保险金的受益人为被保险人本人。 + +## 4.2 保险事故通知 + +请您、被保险人或受益人在知道保险事故发生后十日内通知我们。 + +如果您、被保险人或受益人故意或者因重大过失未及时通知,致使保险事故的性质、原因、伤害程度等难以确定的,我们对无法确定的部分,不承担给付保险金的责任,但我们通过其他途径已经及时知道或者应当及时知道保险事故发生或者虽未及时通知但不影响我们确定保险事故的性质、原因、伤害程度的除外。 + +## 4.3 保险金申请 + +在申请保险金时,请按照下列方式办理: + +## 身故保险金申请 + +受益人须填写保险金给付申请书,并提供下列证明和资料: + +(1)受益人的有效身份证件(8.12): + +(2)国家卫生行政部门认定的医疗机构、公安部门或其他相关机构出具的被保险人的死亡证明; + +(3) 被保险人户籍注销证明; + +(4)所能提供的与确认保险事故的性质、原因等有关的其他证明和资料。 + +## 生存保险金、关爱保险金申请 + +受益人须填写保险金给付申请书,并提供下列证明和资料: + +(1)受益人的有效身份证件; + +(2)所能提供的其他与本项给付相关的资料。 + +## 特别注意事项 + +保险金作为被保险人遗产时,必须提供可证明合法继承权的相关权利文件。 +以上证明和资料不完整的,我们将及时一次性通知受益人补充提供有关证明和资料。 + +## 4.4 保险金的给付 + +我们在收齐保险金给付申请书及上述有关证明和资料后,将在五日内作出核定;情形复杂的,在三十日内作出核定。对属于保险责任的,我们在与受益人达成给付保险金的协议后十日内,履行给付保险金义务。若我们在收齐相关证明和资料后三十日内仍未作出核定,除支付保险金外,我们将赔偿受益人因此受到的损失。 + +对不属于保险责任的,我们自作出核定之日起三日内向受益人发出拒绝给付保险金通知书并说明理由。 + +我们在收到保险金给付申请书及有关证明和资料之日起六十日内,对给付保险金的数额不能确定的,根据已有证明和资料可以确定的数额先予支付;我们最终确定给付保险金的数额后,将支付相应的差额。 + +## 4.5 宣告死亡处理 + +如果被保险人在本保险合同有效期内失踪,而且被法院宣告死亡,我们以法院判决宣告死亡之日作为被保险人的死亡时间,按本保险合同的约定给付身故保险金,本保险合同终止。 + + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00011.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00011.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bfa975edc356299218451e9cc8fa154488c3535b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00011.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +Page 2 + +本词汇表对第8(j)条和相关条款范围内使用的一些术语和概念作了说明。本词汇表既不打算提供正式的定义,也不打算包罗一切,其目的是供在自愿的基础上使用。 + +本词汇表的使用并不影响《公约》中使用的术语,也不得被解释为意味着缔约方根据《公约》享有的权利和承担的义务有任何改变。 + +本词汇表的目的是促使在《公约》下举行的会议中对第8(j)条和相关条款范围内使用的术语和概念取得共同理解。 + +关于国家内的使用,各术语和概念受制于各缔约方或国家政府的国家法律和不同国情,同时注意到许多缔约方对于在其管辖范围内可能已经适用的术语和概念有着特定的理解。 + +下文所述术语和概念补充《公约》和《名古屋议定书》内所载的术语。 + +第VII/16 F号决定中核可的《对拟议在圣地和土著和当地社区历来居住或使用的土地和水域上进行的或可能对这些土地和水域产生影响的开发活动进行文化、环境和社会影响评估的阿格维古自愿性准则》和第XIII/18号决定通过和欢迎的《“生命之根”自愿准则》内所使用的术语和概念都列入本词汇表内,因为它们都直接与第8(j)条和相关条款有关。 + +本词汇表可酌情作为根据《公约》举行的会议对第8(j)条和相关条款范围内的术语和概念进行审议和使用的来源。 + +本词汇表补充第X/42号决定中通过的《确保尊重土著和地方社区文化和知识遗产的特加里瓦伊埃里道德行为守则》。 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
第一部分
来自《生物多样性公约》或《公约》下所做决定的术语和概念
术语或概念对《公约》范围内使用的术语或概念的理解
传统知识土著人民和地方社区体现与保护和可持续利用生物多样性相关的传统生活方式的知识、创新和做法。$^2$
可持续习惯使用按照与保护和可持续利用要求相符的传统文化习俗使用生物资源。$^3$
土著和地方社区或
土著人民和地方社区$^4$
《生物多样性公约》没有界定“土著和地方社区”或“土著人民和地方社区”这些术语的定义。《联合国土著人民权利宣言》没有通过关于“土著人民”的普遍性定义,因此,并不建议制定这样一个定义。$^{5, 6}$
+ +2 来自第8(j)条并在关于《阿格维古准则》的第VII/16号决定F节的第6(h)段中得到核可。 + +3 来自第 10条(c)款。 + +4 缔约方大会第XII/12号决定F节在今后根据《公约》通过的决定中使用“土著人民和地方社区”这一术语,并且不以任何方式影响《公约》第8(j)条和相关条款的法律意义。随后,2016年12月《卡塔赫纳议定书》和《名古屋议定书》的缔约方分别在BS-VIII/19号决定和NP-2/7号决定中作出类似决定。 + +5 注:《联合国土著人民权利宣言》未通过关于“土著人民”的普遍性定义,因此,不建议制定这样一个定义。不过,联合国土著问题常设论坛作为专家机构,对“土著人民的概念”提出了建议,它引述了特别报告员José Martinez Cobo + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00012.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00012.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..02e9711a2dd646746a78ccd3b407010469f24fe9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00012.md @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +## 定义 + +## 毛利润 + +毛利润数额为: + +(I) 营业额与年终库存两项数额之和 + +减去 + +(11)年初库存与特定营业费用两项的数额之和 + +注意:年初库存和年终库存的数额应按照被保险人正常的会计计算方法并适用正常折旧规定计算得出。 + +## 指定的经营费用 + +1. 所有采购成本(减除获得的折扣): + +2. 工资的全部数额; + +3. 本保单中列明的其他费用。 + +## 非持续费用 + +注意本定义中所使用的词语或措词的含义应与被保险人账册中该词语或措词通常表达的意义相一致。 + +## 工资 + +所有员工的报酬总额(包括国家强制保险费、奖金、节假日工资、职工退休金、医疗费用支出以及其他类似支出)。 + +## 营业额 + +被保险人在其营业处所经营业务过程中,因出售、交付货物及提供服务而收取的款项(应减去折扣金额)。 + +## 赔偿期限 + +此期限自损失发生起并不迟于明细表规定之月份数结束,在此期间被保险人的经营受到损失影响。 + +## 毛利润率 + +在发生损失之日前的一个财务年度的毛利润与营业额的比率。 + +## 工资率 + +在发生损失之日前的一个财务年度的工资总额与营业额的比率。 + +## 年度营业额 + +发生损失之日前的十二个月内的 + +营业额。 + +## 标准营业额 + +发生损失之日前十二个月内对应赔偿期时的营业额 + +这些数额或比率必要时应根据营业趋势及情况的变化,或损失发生前后业务受影响情况,或如未发生损失原会影响业务的其他情况予以调整,使调整的数额尽可能合理地接近在出险后有关期间如未发生损失原可取得的经营结果。 + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00013.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00013.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6d74a37c02fcf656748ebf59ccaf48d021cab3f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00013.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +## 总则 + +## 1. 识别 + +本保单及明细表(共同构成本保单的全部内容)应被视为一个完整的合同,任何在本保单或明细表中赋予特殊含义的词汇或措辞在文中任何地方出现时应具备同样的含义。 + +## 2. 错误陈述 + +如果投保人对被保险财产或该财产所在的建筑物或地点、或与本保险有关的业务或建筑物的描述包含实质性错误,或者错误陈述或遗漏对评估风险有重大影响的事实,对于受此等错误描述、陈述或遗漏影响的财产,保险人不承担赔偿责任。 + +## 3. 注销 + +投保人任何时候都可以提出终止本保单,这种情况下保险人将按惯例以短期费率保留本保单已生效期间的保费。保险人也可以选择终止本保单,但须提前十五天通知投保人,并应当按比例退还自本保单终止之日起到本保单期满期间的保费。 + +## 4. 失效 + +被保险人或者受益人在未发生保险事故的情况下,谎称发生了保险事故,向保险人提出赔偿或者给付保险金的请求的,保险人有权解除保险合同,并不退还保险费。 + +投保人、被保险人或者受益人故意制造保险事故的,保险人有权解除保险合同,不承担赔偿或者给付保险金的责任,除本法第六十五条第一款另有规定外,也不退还保险费。 + +保险事故发生后,投保人、被保险人或者受益人以伪造、变造的有关证明、资料或者其他证据,编造虚假的事故原因或者夸大损失程度的,保险人对其虚报的部分不承担赔偿或者给付保险金的责任。 + +投保人、被保险人或者受益人有前三款所列行为之一,致使保险人支付保险金或者支出费用的,应当退回或者赔偿。 + +## 5. 代位求偿 + +本保单项下的任何索赔方都应从保险人的利益出发为实现或取得对其他方主张的权益或补偿而采取一切必要的或者保险人合理要求的行动,保险人在向被保险人履行本保单项下的损失赔偿或补偿义务后将有权获得上述权益或补偿,而无论被保险人是在保险人履行赔付义务之前还是之后采取此等必要或保险人合理要求的行动。 + +## 6. 重复保险分摊比例 + +如果被保险财产发生灭失或损坏时,还有其他保险存在(不论此等保险是被保险人投保还是其他人投保的)并对该损失或被保险财产承担全部或部分赔偿责任,那么本保单的保险人所支付的赔款不应超过其按比例应承担的部分。 + +## 7. 争议处理 + +有关本保单的争议应通过友好协商解决,如协商不成,可选择以下二种方式之一解决: + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00014.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00014.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f296b08368254996e94e44ba711bff9ee19e0f1c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00014.md @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +(a) 因履行本保单发生的争议,由双方协商解决,协商不成的,提交本保单中载明的仲裁委员会仲裁; + +(b) 因履行本保单发生的争议,由双方协商解决,协商不成的,依法向人民法院起诉。 + +因本保单产生的争议适用中华人民共和国法律,并受中华人民共和国司法管辖。 + +## 8. 变更与转移 + +如果发生下列任何情形之一,本保单将停止对受该等情形影响的财产承担保障责任,除非被保险人在财产灭失或损害前取得保险人或其代表以正式批单形式做出的许可。 + +(a) 已进行的交易或产品发生变化,或财产占有权性质变化或出现其他影响建筑物或被保险财产导致财产灭失或损害风险增加; + +(b) 存放被保险财产的本保单项下的建筑物闲置并且保持闲置状态的时间超过30天; + +(c) 被保险财产转移到其他非本保单项下列明的建筑物或地点; + +(d) 因遗嘱或法律程序之外的原因造成被保险财产的权益从被保险人处转移。 + +## 9. 索赔 + +如果发生任何导致或可能引起本保单项下索赔的情况,被保险人在获知此等情况时必须: + +(a) 立即 + +(1) 实施减少灭失或损坏影响的措施,并尽力追回丢失的财产; + +(2) 以书面形式通知保险人: + +(3) 如果属于或怀疑为盗窃或者蓄意或恶意破坏事件,应通知公安机关。 + +(b) 30 天内或在经保险人书面同意的较长时间内向保险人递交: + +(1)关于灭失或损坏的书面索赔,说明关于本保单项下的财产灭失或损坏的具体情况,依据灭失或损坏发生时的财产价值估计此等灭失或损害的金额; + +(2) 如果涉及被保险人的其他保险,应予以特别说明。 + +被保险人应自付费用,准备、取得并向保险人提交一切有关损失财产的细节、设计图、规格、账册、凭证、发票及其副本或影印本和其他关于索赔的文件,证明以及相关信息,说明灭失或损害发生的原因及当时的情况,包括保险人或其代表合理要求的与保险人承担赔偿责任有关的一切事项的说明,并宣誓申明或以其他法律形式保证此等索赔以及相关资料的真实性。 + +## 10. 保险人权益 + +当发生本保单项下的任何被保险财产灭失或损坏时,保险人可以: + +(a) 进入、取得并保持对灭失或损坏发生处的建筑物或房屋的占有权。 + +(b) 取得或要求取得在灭失或损害发生时该建筑物或房屋内的被保险财产的占有权。 + +(c) 占有此等财产,并进行检验、分类、调整、移动或类似的处理。 + +(d) 代替有关人员销售或处置此等财产。 + +保险人可以行使本条款所赋予的权利,直至被保险人书面通知保险人其不在本保单项下提出索赔,或者被保险人提出索赔而该索赔已结案或被撤销,该权利即行终止;保险人无需因为 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00015.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00015.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2de2c5abe5731f8082afcbde63d36ba43b58b059 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00015.md @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +为根据第十四条约定计算的金额扣除该金额与免赔率乘积后的金额。 + +保险标的在连续 72 小时内遭受暴雨、台风、洪水或其它连续发生的自然灾害所致损失视为一次单独事件,在计算赔偿时视为一次保险事故,并扣减一个相应的免赔额(率)。被保险人可自行决定 72 小时的起始时间,但若在连续数个 72 小时期间内发生损失,任何两个或两个以上 72 小时期限不得重叠。 + +第十六条 若本保险合同所列标的不止一项时,应分项计算赔偿,保险人对每一保险项目的赔偿责任均不得超过本保险合同明细表对应列明的分项保险金额,以及本保险合同特别条款或批单中规定的其他适用的赔偿限额。在任何情况下,保险人在本保险合同下承担的对物质损失的最高赔偿金额不得超过保险合同明细表中列明的总保险金额。 + +第十七条 保险标的的保险金额大于或等于其应保险金额时,被保险人为防止或减少保险标的的损失所支付的必要的、合理的费用,在保险标的损失赔偿金额之外另行计算,最高不超过被施救标的的应保险金额。 + +保险标的的保险金额小于其应保险金额时,上述费用按被施救标的的保险金额与其应保险金额的比例在保险标的损失赔偿金额之外另行计算,最高不超过被施救标的的保险金额。 + +被施救的财产中,含有本保险合同未承保财产的,按被施救保险标的的应保险金额与全部被施救财产价值的比例分摊施救费用。 + +第十八条 保险标的发生部分损失,保险人履行赔偿义务后,本保险合同的保险金额自损失发生之日起按保险人的赔偿金额相应减少,保险人不退还保险金额减少部分的保险费。如投保人请求恢复至原保险金额,应按原约定的保险费率另行支付恢复部分从投保人请求的恢复日期起至保险期间届满之日止按日比例计算的保险费。 + +## 第二部分 第三者责任保险部分 + +## 保险责任 + +第十九条 在保险期间内,因发生与本保险合同所承保工程直接相关的意外事故引起工地内及邻近区域的第三者人身伤亡、疾病或财产损失,依法应由被保险人承担的经济赔偿责任,保险人按照本保险合同约定负责赔偿。 + +第二十条 本项保险事故发生后,被保险人因保险事故而被提起仲裁或者诉讼的,对应由被保险人支付的仲裁或诉讼费用以及其他必要的、合理的费用(以下简称“法律费用”),经保险人书面同意,保险人按照本保险合同约定也负责赔偿。 + +## 责任免除 + +第二十一条 下列原因造成的损失、费用,保险人不负责赔偿; + +(一)由于震动、移动或减弱支撑而造成的任何财产、土地、建筑物的损失及由此造成的任何人身伤害和物质损失; + +(二)领有公共运输行驶执照的车辆、船舶、航空器造成的事故。 + +第二十二条 下列损失、费用,保险人也不负责赔偿: + +(一)本保险合同物质损失项下或本应在该项下予以负责的损失及各种费用: + +(二)工程所有人、承包人或其他关系方或其所雇用的在工地现场从事与工程有关工作的职员、工人及上述人员的家庭成员的人身伤亡或疾病; + +(三)工程所有人、承包人或其他关系方或其所雇用的职员、工人所有的或由上述人员所照管、控制的财产发生的损失; + +(四)被保险人应该承担的合同责任,但无合同存在时仍然应由被保险人承担的法律责任不在此限。 + +## 责任限额与免赔额(率) + +第二十三条 责任限额包括每次事故责任限额、每人人身伤亡责任限额、累计责任限额,由投保人与保险人协商确定,并在保险合同中载明。 + +第二十四条 每次事故免赔额(率)由投保人与保险人在订立保险合同时协商确定,并在保险合同中载明。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00016.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00016.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0b29657ce64d06d0e4d71f7f0815cd4812e501dc --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00016.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +或批单为准,附加条款或批单未尽之处,以本保险合同条款为准。 + +第二十七条 订立本保险合同时,投保人对被保险人不具有保险利益的,本保险合同无效,保险人扣减相应手续费后退还剩余保险费。 + +## 释义 + +第二十八条 本保险合同具有特定含义的名词,其定义如下: + +保险金申请人:指被保险人、受益人或依法享有保险金请求权的其他人。 + +周岁:指按有效身份证件中记载的出生日期计算的年龄,自出生之日起为零周岁,每经过一年增加一岁,不足一年的不计算。 + +不可抗力:指不能预见、不能避免并不能克服的客观情况。 + +意外伤害事故:指外来的、非本意的、突然的、非疾病的使被保险人身体受到伤害的客观事件。猝死不属于意外伤害事故。 + +其中“猝死”是指表面健康的人因潜在疾病、机能障碍或其他原因在出现症状后24小时内发生的非暴力性突然死亡。猝死的认定以医院的诊断和公安司法部门的鉴定为准。 + +潜水:指以辅助呼吸器材在江、河、湖、海、水库、运河等水域进行的水下活动。 + +攀岩:指以攀登悬崖、楼宇外墙、人造悬崖、冰崖、冰 + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00017.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00017.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7b17e99b2aadbfa58fa842d3789d50acae3cb92e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00017.md @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +## 产品与服务购买条款与条件(续) + +(b) 根据审计结果,双方应在任何审计结果公布后 45 天内对任何不当收费进行结算;如果任何审计结果要求,则承包商应在任何审计结果公布后 45 天内提供或重新履行采购范围。 + +(c) 承包商对用于审计的账簿和记录的保留期限应不短于下列时间中的最长期限: + +(i) 合同终止后五(5)年或适用法律要求的任何更长期限; + +(ⅲ) 单包商的任何履行或重新履行采购范围的义务到期后两(2)年; + +(d) 如合同规定了遵守反贿赂法所需的保存相关记录的更长期限,承包商将遵守该要求。 + +## 23 各方关系 + +## 23.1 独立承包商 + +承包商作为独立的承包商,在履行合同的所有方面保持独立。对于为达成合同要求的目标所采取的履行方式和方法,承包商应负责。 + +## 23.2 无商业关系 + +(a) 本合同或其履行均不产生合伙或合资企业。没有任何一方被任命为另一方的代理人。合同不允许承包商代表公司集团做出任何承诺。 + +(b) 承包商和承包商人员不被视为公司集团任何成员的雇员,也不具有参与任何公司集团雇员福利计划的资格。 + +## 24 承包商人员和分包 + +## 24.1 责任 + +由任何分包商和所有承包商人员履行的任何采购范围和其涉及的所有作为、不作为和违约都应作为承包商自身的作为、不作为和违约,承包商应对其承担责任。 + +## 24.2 分包条件和分包合同 + +承包商不得分包其合同下的任何义务,除非与公司达成书面协议。承包商应保证分包商在所有重大方面与合同的条款和条件一致。 + +## 25 转让 + +一方转让或更新全部或部分合同必须取得另一方的书面同意,但是,公司可在向承包商发出书面通知后将全部或部分合同转让或变更至其关联方,而无需获得承包商的同意。 + +## 26 不可抗力 + +(a) 如公司或承包商中任何一方在履行义务时因不可抗力事件受阻,则该方应免除履行受影响部分的义务,除非该事件由该方的错误导致,或因通过合理审慎行为可能避免或缓和的情况导致。 + +(b) 仅下列事件被视为不可抗力事件: + +(i) 暴乱、战争、封锁、破坏或恐怖主义威胁或活动: + +(ii)地震、洪水、火灾、已命名的飓风或旋风,潮汐,龙卷风或其他自然物理灾难; + +(ii)放射性污染、传染病、海难或空难; + +(iv) 国家或地区级别、不包含构成单包商集团或公司集团员工的罢工或劳资纠纷,且对声称发生不可抗力一方履行合同造成实质性损害; + +(v) 阻止合同履行的政府制裁、禁运、指令或法律: + +(vi)一方无法及时获得执照、许可证或政府批准以便开展合同; + + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00018.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00018.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5b185181c88525f6acbf943f041d084524e18cbe --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00018.md @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +## 产品与服务购买条款与条件(续) + +账簿和记录:指有关本合同和实施采购范围的电子或其他形式的账簿、账户、合同、记录和文件。 + +公司集团:指公司及 + +(a)其联合投资者和合资企业; + +(b)公司的任何关联方,其合营企业,或其联合投资者; + +(c) 接受公司(及其合资企业或联合投资者)或公司(及其合资企业或联合投资者)的关联方直接控制和监督的任何董事、高级职员及员工及其他个人。提及公司集团包括提及其各自成员。 + +公司提供项目:指为实施采购范围向承包商提供的材料、设备、服务或设施。 + + + +保密信息:指公司集团或其代表向承包商集团提供的数据、软件和所有技术、商业、财务、法律和其他信息以及记录该等数据、软件或信息的项目,以及所有工作成果、个人信息和采购范围,以及本合同条款。 + +间接损失: + +(a) 间接或后果性损失; + +(b) 生产损失、产品损失、使用损失和收入损失、利润损失或预期利润损失(无论上述损失为直接、间接或后果性,且不论该等损失在订立合同时是否可预见。 + +合同价格:指公司在合同项下应向承包商支付的总额。 + +承包商设备:由承包商集团所有或承包的任何机械、车间、工具、设备、货物、材料、供货及其他物项(包括所有相关的零部件、存储用集装箱、包装及固定装置),但前提是其所有权未转移,亦不会根据合同转移至公司。 + +承包商集团:包括承包商和: + +(a) 其分包商: + +(b) 承包商或其分包商的任何关联方:和 + +(c) 被承包商、分包商、承包商和分包商之关联方聘用的、或代表其行事的董事、高级职员、员工、其他人士或代理人员。提及承包商集团包括提及各成员。 + + + +承包商人员:指由承包商集团直接或间接提供的,且被分配执行与采购范围有关工作的任何个人,不论其是否为承包商集团的员工 + +联合投资者:指与公司或其任何关联方签署联合合作协议、生产分成安排或仅为该协议或安排之目的签署类似协议或安排的任何人士。提及联合投资者包括提及每一联合投资者。 + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00019.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00019.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9fd86533578f1c98cd20af13f879d630d5ac4db5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00019.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +另表第1 住宿费等详细内容(第2条第1项及第12条第1项关系) + + + +
详 细 内 容
住宿客需支付总额住宿费① 基本住宿费(客室费(及客室费+早饭等饮食费))② 服务费($① \times \quad \%$)
追加付费③ 追加饮食(不含①里指定的事项)④ 服务费($③ \times \quad \%$)
税 金1) 消费税2) 入汤税(只限温泉地)
+ +备注 1 基本住宿费 参照出示的费用表。 + +2 儿童费用适用小学以下,提供与大人一样的饮食和寝具时收取大人费用的 70%,提供儿童用饮食和寝具时收费 50%,仅提供寝具收费 30%。 + +不提供寝具及饮食的幼儿,收取 + +(只限制定有幼儿费用的酒店·旅馆。) + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00020.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00020.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a5b68718b275e66f0659e950b73a9e31965b3442 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00020.md @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +另表第2 违约金(有关第6条第2项)…酒店用 + +
解除契约收到通知日
契约申请人数
不住当天前天9天前20天前
一般14名为止%%%%%
团体15~99名为止%%%%%
100名以上%%%%%
+ +(注)1. %,相对基本住宿费违约金的比率。 + +2. 缩短契约天数时,与缩短天数无关,按一天(第一天)违约金收取。 + +3. 团体客(15名以上)的一部分解除契约时,住宿10天前(其当日后接受申请时接受申请日为准)住宿人数的10%(尾数上进)不收违约金。 + +另表第2 违约金(有关第6条第2项)……旅馆用 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
解除契约收到通知日 契约申请人数不住当日前天2
天前
3
天前
5
冬前
6天前7
天前
8天前14
天前
1
5
天前
2
0
天前
3
0
天前
14 名为止%%%%%%%%%%%%%
15~30名为止%%%%%%%%%%%%%
31 名~100名为止%%%%%%%%%%%%%
101 名以上%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+ +(注)1. %,相对基本住宿费违约金的比率。 + +2. 缩短契约天数时,与缩短天数无关,按一天(第一天)违约金收取。 + +3. 团体客(15名以上)的一部分解除契约时,住宿10天前(其当日后接受申请时接受申请日为准)住宿人数的10%(尾数上进)不收违约金。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00021.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00021.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8739aa4a333c0c204a3823a16c3b994f4dc0a8ad --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00021.md @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ +## General Terms and Conditions of Contract 合同通用条款和条件 + +1. General 治则 + +11 These General Terms and Conditions of Contract ("General Conditions") shall apply to the supply of products by GOOBRUGG CHENGDU ("Supply"). The Supply may include the installation or supervision of installation ("Services") of the products. + +本合同通用条款和条件(“通用条款”)适用于布鲁克(成都)工程有限公司(“成都布鲁克”)提供的产品(货物),货物包括安装或安装监理服务(“服务”)。 + +12 The "Contract" herein refers to the concrete contract separately signed by GEDERUGG CHENGDU and the Customer on a particular project. + +本通用条款中,“合同”是指成都布鲁克与客户就特定项目单独签订的具体合同。 + +12 Unless otherwise agreed, the Contract shall become effective upon the signature and stamp by GEOBRUGG CHENGDU and the Customer + +除非双方另有约定,合同在成都布鲁克和客户签字盖章之日生效。 + +13 The scope of the Supply is exhaustively set forth in the Contract or other documents executed by GEOBRUGG CHENGDU and the Customer. + +货物范围仅限于合同或双方签署的其他文件所列明的范围。 + +14 Customer's general terms and conditions of contract shall not be valid unless expressly accepted in writing by GEOBRUGG CHENGDU. + +客户的合同通用条款和条件对该都有鲁克不发生效力,成都布鲁克书面明确表示接受的除外。 + +1S All agreements and legally relevant declarations by the Parties shall be in written form. + +双方所有协议和相关法律声明均须采用书面形式。 + +16 Customer understands and agrees that the products supplied by GEOBRUGG CHENGDU are customized based on the particular needs and requirements, and can only be used by the Customer. The unjustifiable cancellation or termination of the Contract by the Customer shall cause serious loss to GEOBRUGG CHENGDU, which shall be no less than the contract price of the products. + +客户了解并同意,该都有暂充提供的产品是根据客户特定需求定制。只能自客户使用,客户不合理取消或终止合同。对该都有暂充将造成严重损失。该损失不低于产品的合同价格。 + +2 Prices and Terms of Payment 价格和支付条款 + +21. The prices and the terms of payment are set forth in Contract or other documents executed by GEDBRUGG CHENGDU and the Customer. The terms of payment must be complied with, even if the performance of the Contract is delayed or if minor parts of the Supply are missing. + +价格和支付条款在合同或成都有暂充与客户签署的其他文件中进行了明确规定。即使合同冯延履行或货物少量短缺,客户切应严格按支付条款履行付款义务。 + +22 The place of payment shall be the demicile of GE OBRUGG CHENGDU. The Customer shall not be entitled to withhold payments or to offset payments against courterains. 付款地点为该部布鲁克斯街地。客户无权拒付或以原索赔的方式退行抵消。 + +23 In the event of payment by installments, if the customer becomes overdue for any installment, the rest installments thereof shall become due in advance and GEOBRUGG CHENGDU shall have the right to claim all payments as of the overdue date. + +在分期付款情况下,如果客户任何一期付款逾期,则其余分期款提前到期,或都有暂充有权自任一分期款逾期之日起,就全部应付款项提前主张。 + +24 In the event of failure by the Customer to comply with the terms of payment the Customer shall, without reminder, pay to GEOBRUGG CHENGDU interest calculated from the due date at a rate of 24% per annum. + +如果客户未能遵守支付条款,客户应自逾期之日起,按年利率 24% 向成都布鲁克支付逾期利息。 + +3 Delivery Period 交货期 + +31 The period for the delivery of the Supply "Delivery Period" shall be governed by the Contract. + +货物交付期(交货期)自成都布鲁克与客户在合同中进行具体的约定。 + +32 The Delivery Period shall be extended for a reasonable term if an event occurs that cannot be averted by GEOBRUGG CHENGDU in spite of exercise of due care, or if any other circumstances whatsoever beyond the reasonable control of GEOBRUGG CHENGDU occur. + +如果发生成都有售京尽到合理注意义务仍不可避免的事件,或者发生其他超出成都布鲁克合理控制范围内的其他情形,交货期应当适当延长。 + +33 In the event the Delivery Period is not complied with, the Customer shall be entitled to claim liquidated damages for delayed delivery, provided that it has been proved that the delay was caused through the fault of GEOBRUGG CHENGDU and, furthermore, that the Customer suffered damage as a consequence of the delay. The amount of liquidated damages shall be 0.2% of the contract price of the delayed part of the Supply for each full week of delay, and the maximum amount of liquidated damages shall in no event exceed 5% of the contract price of such part. If GEOBRUGG CHENGDU fails to deliver the Supply by the date the maximum amount of liquidated damages has been exceeded, the Customer shall grant GEOBRUGG CHENGDU a reasonable extension of time to complete the delivery. + +如果有证据证明布鲁克的失误导致发生交货延迟,且客户因该迟延遭受损失,客户有权主张延迟交货的违约赔偿金。每迟延一周,违约企业为迟延交货部分价款的0.2%,最多不超过迟延部分价款的5%。如果成都市鲁克在违约金达到最高额之日仍未结交货的,客户应适当延长交货期,以便成都布鲁克完成交货。 + +34 The claims of the Customer arising from or in connection with any delays in the performance of the Contract are expressly and exhaustively regulated in this Clause 3, and any further claims of the Customer are excluded. This limitation of liability shall not apply in the event of gross negligence or willful misconduct. + +客户基于忍延履行率有的全部索赔仅限于第3条中已明确的定的范围。除此之外客户无权提出其他索赔。本条款的责任限制不适用于因重大过失或故意行为导致的交货迟延。 + +4 Transfer of Risk, Bearing of Cost 风险转移和费用承担 + +The risk of damage to the Supply shall pass to the Customer upon delivery, and the bearing of cost shall be specified in the Contract. + +货物损毁天失的风险于交货时转移至客户,费用承担由双方在合同中进行约定。 + +5 Acceptance 验收 + +S1 The Customer shall inspect the Supply upon receipt thereof and shall, within 7 days of receipt of the Supply at the latest, notify GEOBRUGG CHENGDU in writing of defects (if any). If the Customer fails to notify defects in accordance with this Clause S.1, then the Supply shall be deemed to have been accepted by the Customer. + +客户应在收到货物后对货物进行检查,并至少在收到货物的7日内以书面形式通知成都布鲁克货物存在的缺陷(如果有)。如果客户未能按照第5.1条就缺陷问题通知成都布鲁克,则视为该货物应已通过客户验收。 + +52 In the event the inspection shows that the Supply is not defective or that it reveals minor defects, the Supply shall be deemed to have been accepted by the + +Customer upon completion of the inspection. + +如果货物经检验没有缺陷或存在轻微缺陷,则货物在客户完成检验后,视为通过客户验收。 + +53 The rights of the Customer in the event of defeats are governed by Clause 6. +货物存在缺陷时客户享有的权利,按第6条约定执行。 + +## 6 Warranty 质保 + +61 GEOBRUGG CHENGDU will give a warranty for defects in the Supply, provided that the defects (i) occur at acceptance or before the expiry of the warranty period AND (ii) are notified by the Customer timely. A Supply is deemed to be defective in terms of this Clause if it does not meet the contractually defined specification and is not apt, or is only partly apt, for the normal use. + +成都布鲁克应对货物缺陷提供担保,但缺陷应(①于验收之时就已存在或发生在保修期届满之前,且(ii)客户就缺陷及时通知了成都布鲁克,依据本条规定,如果货物不符合合同约定的规格,并且不能正常使用或仅部分使用正常使用,则货物视为存在缺陷。 + +62 GEDEBRUGG CHENGDU shall not be liable for defects which are caused by the Customer or which occur in particular as a consequence of normal wear, incorrect installation, the use of material of the Customer or of third parties, installation or maintenance by third parties, overload, natural disasters, environmental damage or as a consequence of other causes for which GEDBRUGG CHENGDU is not accountable. + +成都布鲁克不对客户造假的产品缺陷负责,特别是由于正常酒馆、错误安装、使用了客户或第三方的材料,第三方的安装或维护、过载、自然灾害、环境破坏以及成都布鲁克不负责任的其他情形。 + +63 Terrorism and criminal attacks, burglary and jailbreak, vandalism, substage, incidents and industrial or infrastructure accidents, overload, natural disasters, environmental damage as well as similar threats and dangers are sporadic and unpredictable in time, location and intensity. Causes and attacking methods may be very different, often unpredictable and may even be a combination of several methods and causes. Due to the multiplicity of factors affecting such events, there is no exact science which could ensure the protection of individuals, property, infrastructure, etc. However, by applying sound engineering principles using predictable parameters and by the corresponding arrangement of correctly designed protection measures in identified risk areas, the Customer can enhance the securing of the protection. Therefore, GEORIBGS CHENGDU shall in particular not be liable for the non-conforming Supply which is a consequence of the above mentioned events and/or circumstances. Amongst other factors, the monitoring, inspection and maintenance of the Supplies by the Customer are an absolute requirement to ensure the protection. This protection may - besides from the events listed above (terrorists, criminal attacks, etc.) - also be impaired by inadequate dimensioning parameters or failure to use the prescribed standard components, systems and original parts and/or corrosion caused by corrosion processes, pollution of the environment or other main-made factors as well as other external influences. Therefore, GEORIBGS CHENGDU shall in particular not be liable for the non-conforming Supply which is a consequence of the above mentioned events and/or circumstances. + +恐怖主义和犯罪行为、盗窃和越狱、故意毁坏、阴谋破坏、工业或基础设施事故、超载、自然灾害、环境破坏以及类似的威胁和危险,在时间、地点和强度方面都是惯发的和不可预测的。原因和攻击方法可能是非常不同的,通常是不可预测的,甚至可能是几种方法和原因的结合。由于影响这些事件因素的多样性,没有确切的科学技术可以确保个人、财产、基础设施等不受损害。 + +然而,通过运用完善的、设置了预测性参数的工程原理,同时在已知的风险区域采取相应的保护措施,客户可加强对食物的保护。因此,成都布鲁克对上述事件和/或情况造成的不合格食物不失任何责任。为确保食物得以妥善保护,客户须采取诸多措施,归客户对食物的监控、检查和维护是他对的要求。除了上述事件(恐怖主义,犯罪行为等)之外,这种保护也可能因尺寸参数不当或未使用规定的标准部件、系统和安装部件构成腐蚀(由 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00022.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00022.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3d811f89fcab75f29868d84a7d8088859a27275c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00022.md @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +## Conditions of Installation 安装条款 + +1 General 治则 + +11 These Conditions of Installation ("Conditions") shall apply to the performance of the installation and supervision of installation by GEOBRUGG CHENGDU ("Services") of products ("Supply") delivered by GEOBRUGG CHENGDU in accordance with GEOBRUGG CHENGDU's General Terms and Conditions of Contract ("General Conditions"). The scope of the Services is heavily set forth in the Contract as well as in the working reports prepared by GEOBRUGG CHENGDU's personnel. + +本安装条款(“条款”)适用于或都有鲁克实施的产品安装和安装管理“服务”,但本条款项下的产品应为或都有鲁克根据合同通用条款和条件(“适用条款”提供的产品,服务范围以合同以及或都有鲁克人员编写的工作计划为准。且共约定的范围是全面的,排他的。 + +12 These Conditions are made an integral part of the General Conditions and shall apply to the performance of the Services to the extent not in contradiction with the General Conditions. + +本条款是通用条款的一个组成部分,适用于服务的履行。但其不得与通用条款的规定相冲突。 + +2 Provision of Services 服务条款 + +21 GEDBRUGG CHENGDU shall perform the Services in a professional manner and through qualified personnel. GEDBRUGG CHENGDU shall at any time be entitled to subcontract the performance of the Services or any parts thereof to third parties. + +成都有鲁克应当使用合格的人员以专业的方式履行服务。成都有鲁克有权在任何时候将服务全部或部分分包给第三方。 + +22 If the event the scope of the Services is limited to support of installation, such Services shall be provided exclusively as specified in the system manuals of GEC/BRUGG CHENGDIU. + +如果服务范围仅限于为安装提供技术支持,则该都有售克应按照其系统手册的规定履行该等服务。 + +23 In the event, for any reasons beyond the reasonable control of GEOBRUGG CHENGDU, GEOBRUGG CHENGDU's personnel are significantly prevented from performing the Services or are prevented from performing the Services during a period of a total of 0.5 days, then GEOBRUGG CHENGDU shall be entitled to arrange the return of the personnel. + +如果出现超出或都有暂充合理控制范围内的任何原因,GEO899UG6的安装人员履行服务遇到严重密码或问题超过半天时间,或都有暂充有权检回服务人员。 + +3 Working Time 工作时间 + +31 Except as otherwise provided for in mandatory regulations applicable at the installation site, the working time shall be as set forth in the Contract and in the working reports prepared by GEOBRUGG CHENGDU's personnel. + +除非安装地点所使用的强制性规定另有规定,或都有暂克的工作时间以合同和成都有鲁克人员编制的工作计划为准。 + +32 The normal weekly working time shall consist of five working days. The normal daily working time shall be between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. Changes in the normal daily working time, in particular due to the season, shall remain expressly reserved. + +正常的每周工作时间应为五个工作日。正常的每日工作时间为上午8时至下午5时,布鲁克有权视情况,特别是因季节原因,对每日工作时间进行调整。 + +33cWorking hours performed in excess of the normal weekly or the normal daily working time shall be considered as overtime. The performance of overtime work shall require a prior mutual agreement in writing. Overtime work shall not exceed the normal daily working time by more than 3 hours, or shall overtime work exceed the normal weekly working time by more than 12 hours. + +工作时间超出每周或每日的工作时间,应视为加班。加班工作须由双方事先达成书面协议,加班不得超过每天3小时,或每周累计不超过12小时。 + +35 Work performed on Sundays or on weekdays being rest days at the installation site is considered as rest-day work. The work performed on legal holidays applicable at the installation site shall be considered as holiday work. + +因日工作或在安装地点被视为休息日的非因日工作均被视为休息日工作。在安装地点适用的法定假日工作。应视为假期工作。 + +36 Travelling time, as well as an appropriate order-related time for preparation of the performance of the Services and processing time after the trip, shall be considered as working time. + +差临增回、与订单相关的合理准备时间以及差临结束后处理时间,应视为工作时间。 + +37 In the event, for any reasons beyond the reasonable control of GEDBRUGG CHENGDU, GEDBRUGG CHENGDU's personnel are prevented from performing the Services or for any reason detained after completion of the Services, GEDBRUGG CHENGDU shall, without prejudice to Gause 23 hereof, be entitled to invoice the waiting times working time and to invoice the traveling costs. All other associated costs shall be borne by the Customer. The same shall apply to other downtimes beyond the reasonable control of GEDBRUGG CHENGDU. + +因成都布鲁克合理控制之外俏原因,成都布鲁克工作人员在履行服务时遭到阻止。或在完工后因任何原因被辞退,其有权获得等待时间计算作为工作时间计取费用,并与差旅费用一并向客户开具费用发票,所有其他相关费用由客户承担,按规定解释适用于该部有暂充合理控制之外的其他停工时间,本条规定不影响成都布鲁克按照第2.3条所享有倍相关权利。 + +4 Prices 价格 + +41 The Services shall be invoiced according to time and material calculated on the basis of GEDBRUGG CHENGDU's daily rates or hourly rates applicable at the time the Services are performed. The preparation of technical documents and any other accompanying services shall be invoiced according to time and material as well. + +成都毛鲁克根据服务履行时间和材料计取费用,费用计取标准按照其当时执行的日费率和小时费率执行。技术文件的编制和任何其他配套服务同样根据服务履行时间和材料计费。 + +42 Taxes (e.g., withholding taxes, value-added taxes), customs duties, levies, fees, social security charges and the like to be paid by GEOBRUGG CHENGDU or its personnel in connection with the Contract or the performance thereof, as well as the administrative costs associated therewith shall be borne by the Customer. + +与合同或其履行有关,应由该部有暂充或其工作人员支付的税费(例如代扣代缴税,增值税),关税,费用,社会保险费等,以及与之相关的各种行政费用均由客户承担。 + +43 In addition, in particular personnel costs (time/sheets/travelling costs/transportation, costs for visa, import and export permits etc.), accommodation expenses, costs for tools and equipment and additional services shall be involved according to time and material as well. + +此外,特别是人工费用(工时单),差旅费用(交通费用,签证费用,进出口许可证等),住宿费用,工具和设备成本以及附加服务费用等,也应按服务履行时间和材料计取费用。 + +5 Obligations of the Customer 客户义务 + +51 The Customer shall ensure that the permits required in connection with the performance of the Seniors (e.g., entry and exit permits and working permits for GEOBRUGGCHENGDU's personnel), as well as the permits for import and export in particular of tools, will be granted in timely manner and will remain valid during the performance of the Contract. + +客户应确保及时取得与履行服务相关的许可证(例如成都印鲁克人员的出入境许可证和工作许可证)以及进出口许可证。特别是工具的进出口许可证,并确保这些许可证在合同履行期间持续有效。 + +52 The Customer shall properly perform the preparatory work required for the performance of the Services and shall in particular ensure that the transport routes and the free access to the installation site will be in a condition allowing the Services to be performed, and will be maintained in this status during the performance of the Contract. + +客户应妥善做好履行服务所需的准备工作,尤其须确保履行服务所需的运输道路通畅,相关人员和设备设施能自由进入安装地点,并确保该等条件在合同履约期间持续保持。 + +S3 The Customer shall be responsible for the security of the installation site and the safety of GEOBRUGG CHENGDU's personnel during the performance of the Contract. + +在履行合同期间,客户应对安装地点的安全性和成都布鲁克人员的安全负责。 + +54 The Customer shall store material and spare parts efficiently and in such a manner that material and spare parts are protected from harmful influences and acts by third parties. + +客户应妥善地存储材料和备件,保护材料和备件免受有害因素及第三方行为的损害。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00023.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00023.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9ede65cdf1f37be3fd0f1e9c39793bf8650a1d2a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00023.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + +c)根据机票的取消条件,取消机票的最高价格为xx 元人民币+机票费用 + +2)订约机构最迟应在收到正确开具的发票之日起14天内付款。付款方式为银行转账至供应商指定账户: + +【银行账户细节】 + +## §3 + +1. The Contractor shall, when preparing ticket offer, apply in a fair and commercial manner the best possible prices and most convenient flight connections available on the relevant route in question. + +2. The Contracting authority has the right to compare the prices of tickets offered by the Contractor with the prices offered by other offices. If there is a difference in the price of the ordered ticket, the Contracting authority will notify the Contractor of the above and instruct the Contractor to complete the order at a more favorable price. + +3. In the event of unreasonable refusal to execute a Contract at a more favorable price, the Contracting authority shall charge the Contractor the difference between the price offered by the Contractor and the more advantageous price, as determined by the Contracting authority. This situation will only occur if the Contracting authority, for reasons attributable to the Contractor, does not benefit from the more favorable financially conditions offered by the other travel agent and is obliged to purchase the ticket at a higher price. + +1. 供应商在准备机票报价时,应以公平及商业的方式,在有关路线上申请最佳价格及最便捷的航班连接。 + +2. 订约机构有权将供应商提供的机票价格与其他代理提供的价格进行比较。如果订购机票的价格有差异,订约机构将通知供应商上述情况,并指示承包商以更优惠的价格完成订单。 + +3. 如果无理拒绝以更优惠的价格履行合同,订约机构应向承包商收取供应商提供的价格与更优惠价格之间的差额。只有在订约机构由于供应商的原因,无法从其他旅行社提供的更有利的财政条件中受益,并且不得不以更高的价格购买机票时,才会出现这种情况。 + +## § 4 + +1. The subject of the Agreement shall be executed from the date of signing the agreement until 31 December 2021 until the amount of the gross remuneration referred to in § 1 point 3 is exhausted, depending on what will occur earlier. + +2. The subject of the Agreement will be executed successively according to the orders of the Contracting authority. diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00024.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00024.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2f095e477de87a7c8cd4483200b82d80e3c09fef --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00024.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + +Contracting Authority + +订约机构 + +Contractor + +供应商 + +## APPENDIXES: + +Appendix 1: Offer submitted by the Contractor + +Appendix 2: Detailed description of the subject matter + +## 附件 + +附录1:供应商提交的投标方案 + +附录2:标的的详细说明 diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00025.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00025.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3300a47d6fa7bb87a874b2f432f2d2c46ab8873d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00025.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +## 通用供货条款 + +上海乔治费歇尔管路系统有限公司 + +上海乔治费歇尔管路系统贸易有限公司 + +北京乔治费歇尔管路系统有限公司 + +乔治费歇尔管路系统(扬州)有限公司 + +## 1 概况 + +1.1 本条款适用于乔治费歇尔向客户提供的所有产品。除特殊说明,本条款也适用于将来的一切业务。 + +1.2 除非书面同意,乔治费歇尔不接受本条款外的任何修改或附加条款,尤其是采购商的采购条款或其它口头协议。 + +1.3 书面同意文件可以任何方式递交,但必须以文字形式,如传真、电子邮件等。 + +## 2 标书 + +包含明确有效期的标书才有约束力。 + +## 3 供货范围 + +3.1 乔治费歇尔保留更新产品范围的权力。 + +3.2 销售确认单应规定合同的供货范围和履行条款。 + +## 4 数据和文件资料 + +4.1 图纸、说明、图样和尺寸、性能、重量以及应用标准等技术资料只作为信息使用,不具有担保性,公司有权更改。 + +4.2 所有技术资料均属乔治费歇尔独家所有,仅用于双方约定的用途。未经乔治费歇尔允许,任何单位或个人不得私自使用。 + +## 5 保密条款 + +5.1 双方必须对在合作过程中获知的有关另一方的商务和技术信息严格保密。不得向任何第三方泄露有关信息,亦不得用作其它未商定的用途。 + +5.2 与采购方建立契约的过程中,可能已经涉及了采购方的某些个人信息。采购方同意向第三方,如国外分包商或供应商等,公开自己的上述信息。 + + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00026.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00026.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..60e328d354312be68dfcd00290da0a037652c4e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00026.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +## 6 当地法律和法规 + +6.1 采购方应告知乔治费歇尔对履行合同有影响的交货地的所有法律和法规,采购方应遵守相关安全条例和审批程序。 + +6.2 若货物将转口到其它地方,采购方必须遵守相关的出口管理条例。 + +## 7 价格 + +7.1 除特殊说明,默认价格为包括标准包装的不含税出厂价(参照国际商会最新版的国际贸易术语解释通则)。运输、保险、进出口或过境许可证等额外费用由采购方承担。采购方也必须承担与合同相关的所有税项、关税和其它费用。 + +7.2 若包装费、运费、保险以及其它费用包括在竞标价或合同价内,或这些费用在标书或销售确认单内有明确说明,乔治费歇尔有权根据税率的变化调整价格。 + +## 8 付款 + +8.1 采购方必须按双方约定的方式付款,不可擅自扣除任何费用,如折扣、税费、关税或其它费用等。 + +8.2 若乔治费歇尔有应付款,经乔治费歇尔正式确认或授权批准后,采购方方可扣留或抵消部分款项。 + +当主要货物已交付且可正常安装施工,采购方必须按约定付款,即使有部分次要配件未交付。 + +## 9 所有权保留 + +9.1 采购方付清乔治费歇尔近期货款并解决有关未决事宜前,货物所有权归乔治费歇尔所有。 + +9.2 若采购方出售所有权仍属乔治费歇尔的产品,则根据商业规则默认为采购方同意将销售产品所得利润以及间接权益、有价证券、所有权等归于乔治费歇尔,直至采购方付清所欠乔治费歇尔的所有远期货款并解决有关未决事宜。乔治费歇尔放弃转让前,采购方无权收回上述可得利润。 + +9.3 若采购方出售所有权仍属乔治费歇尔的产品所获得的收益超出乔治费歇尔向采购方收取款项的 120%,乔治费歇尔应根据对方要求把超出部分的利润退还采购方。 + +## 10 交货 + +10.1 合同签订后,若所有进口许可和付款凭证等手续已完成,主要技术问题已解决,即告具备发货条件。合同终止前,若已备货待发,仍被视为遵守合同。 + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00027.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00027.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a86a1eeaa9af8268020a3a403654868fab0e4c44 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00027.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +撤销。除了要求修复或更换不合格产品外,在任何情况下客户无权对其它损失要求赔偿。其它损失包括但不仅限于:生产损失、使用损失、丢失订单、利润损失、以及其它与之相关的直接或间接损失。对损害赔偿的排除不适用于乔治费歇尔的非法动机和重大过失以及在有效的产品质量责任法中提及的严格赔偿责任的情形,但适用于乔治费歇尔雇员在履行合同中出现的非法动机及重大过失。 + +## 17 可分割性 + +若发现通用供货条款中有任何条款为完全或部分不可实施的或无效的,不影响其它条款的适用性。同时不可实施的或无效的条款将被最为接近其条款原意的有效条款所替换。 + +## 18 履约地及管辖权所在地 + +18.1 履约地为乔治费歇尔工厂或仓库即发货地。 + +18.2 由于违反合同而产生的任何民事诉讼行为,应在乔治费歇尔中国所在地的法院机构进行诉讼和处理。乔治费歇尔保留选择在其它法院机构进行诉讼和处理的权利。 + +18.3 本通用供货条款适用于中国法律。若与法律规定相抵触,则本通用条款将按法律规定重新解释。 + +乔治费歇尔 + +签字: + +日期: + +采购方: + +签字: + +日期: + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00028.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00028.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e6b982bfd8d1c4a95204ddf8941a472baac37331 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00028.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +用。如客户要求,须立即将该类资料及生产资料归还给客户,并保证作废全部副本,则除电子磁盘上的全部存储相关数据备份及图纸,对此提供书面确认。 + +客户仅为直接负责履行相关合同的员工提供机密信息,其前提条件在于有关机密信息的知晓对相关员工履行合同是绝对必要的,并且他们提前已签署书面保密声明才可以获得相关信息。供货商有义务保证第三方及未经授权的员工无法获取可能含有客户机密信息的所有文件和资 + +供货商仅在客户明确书面许可的前提下,在广告材料或出版物等类似媒体暗示或表明与客户的业务关系。 + +当客户有理由怀疑有违反当前保密义务的行为时,供货商有举证责任,证明所涉机密信息已在合同签订时便具有社会公开性,或与其作为无关,或与其义务无关。 + +针对供货商透露机密信息给任何第三方或透漏机密信息给供货商的第三方,供货商有责任维护客户权益,并对任何侵犯本协定保密性的行为负责。 + +供货商承认违反供货商保密义务的行为可造成即刻或不可挽回的损失,且该损失在法律所规定的赔偿并无可能不足以抵消。如供货商或/从供货商获取相关信息的某一人侵犯本协议,则供货商每次及每日须向客户支付赔偿金50000欧元,并独立于其它申诉或法律补救措施。排除将不同违反事件视为同一个案子。在法律允许的范围内,合同处罚不受任何司法审查或适当性评估,并且不取决于已发生的损害。 + +tools, templates, technical devices etc. which Customer has made available to Supplier shall be marked as the property of Customer and are subject to the confidentiality provisions and limitations on use set forth in Section 15. These materials and production materials shall be immediately surrendered to Customer upon demand, any copies shall be destroyed, any backup copies or recordings on electronic storage media shall be deleted and written notification to that effect shall be sent immediately. + +Supplier shall give access to Confidential Information only to employees who are directly entrusted with the execution of the order and whose knowledge of the Confidential Information is essential for the execution of the contract and who are bound by a prior written non-disclosure agreement. Supplier shall ensure that all documents and materials which might contain Confidential Information of Customer are safeguarded and protected against access by third parties and unauthorized employees. + +Supplier requires explicit written permission if it wishes to indicate or draw attention to the business relationship with Customer in advertising materials or publications of any kind. + +If there are grounds for suspecting infringement of these confidentiality provisions, Supplier shall bear the burden of proof for demonstrating that the Confidential Information was already known to the general public on the contract date or was disclosed without its involvement or responsibility. + +Vis-a-vis Customer Supplier is jointly and severally liable along with any third party to whom Confidential Information was disclosed by Supplier, or by whom Confidential Information was disclosed to Supplier, for any infringement of the confidentiality provisions herein. + +Supplier hereby acknowledges that infringement of Supplier’s confidentiality obligations could cause immediate or irreparable damage, for which statutory damages might be inadequate. For each case of infringement of this contract by Supplier and/or a person to whom Supplier has disclosed the information in question, Supplier shall pay Customer liquidated damages of EUR 50,000, regardless of further claims or legal remedies of Customer. The defense that a series of infringements should be treated as one continuous infringement is barred. Insofar as legally permissible, the contractually agreed liquidated + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00029.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00029.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7abce32b5767a9d758cab16e253a3abbff67cd17 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00029.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +## 间接采购的一般性条款与条件(中国) + +“买方” 指向供应商发出采购订单(“订单”)的捷普公司(Jabil Inc.,一家于美国特拉华州设立的公司)或其关联方。“供应商” 指接受买方发出的订单并向买方供应产品的实体。“产品” 指买方根据一般性条款和条件向供应商购买的产品。“一般性条款和条件”(以下简称 “本条款”)以及买方发出的一般性条款和条件补充书面条款和条件(“补充条款”)将构成买方与供应商之间交易的完整与唯一的约束性协议。当买方就同一产品接受额外订单时,任何买方发出的被称为 “一般性条款和条件” 的补充书面形式将成为买方与供应商之间该次交易的完整的但不限于上述方面的条款和条件,无论该等 “一般性条款和条件” 采用补充条款形式还是另发订单,其任何条款和条件,包括但不限于供应商应遵守的供货责任在下文详述的,该条款效力的优先性从高到低为:(1)一般性条款和条件补充条款的订单条款,例如提货价格及各类同类型条款,其包括在买方的提货单、建议、订单确认书、发票或其它文件中,对双方并无法律效力;(2)买方和供应商间的书面协议(包括但不限于买方发出的中标函及附件);(3)补充条款;(4)一般性条款、供应商做出以下任何一方面的接受货物:(a)开始任何工作或支付任何交付物;(b)以书面形式接订单;(c)任何承认关于受本协议约束存在的其它行为。 + +1. 部分定义.(i)“关联方” 指,对一家实体而言,任何直接或间接控制该实体或被该实体控制或与该实体受共同控制的其它实体,本定义中,“控制” 指直接或间接持有或控制一个实体 50% 以上的投票权或权益。(ii)“授权协议” 指一方根据本协议向授权方提供其品牌和服务的使用许可。(iii)“买方实施 50% 以上组装测试的以下配件” 在 “授权协议” 中 “授权方” 包括以下方或向买方提供其产品用于买方组装以下材料的供应商:软件、硬件、核心板(包括上述硬件的任何内部、技术信息、发明、发现、商业秘密或流程,以及与任何设计、产品、方法、概念、开发或研究相关的任何材料)。(iv)“开发” 指买方在开发过程中为制造、开发或改进(仅买方)的产品,包括设计、开发、制造、包装、标签、营销、推广、销售或其它方式分销。(v)“交付” 指交付至指定地点的日期,(vi)“入境式元件” 指一切货物,其中包括作为材料的组成部分入境并与买方支付一揽子支付的元件。(vii)“法律” 指相关管辖区的任何及一切法律,其中包括法典、指令、通知、政策或法律性规则、法律要求、命令、判决、政府限令、行业要求及标准;(viii)“规格” 指为交付物列明生产、部件、测试、运输,或其它技术要求的书面说明。 + +2. 价格及支付款。除双方另行书面约定外,一切价格均:(1)由买方所在国的法定货币表达;(2)在供货协议有效期内不得变动;(3)在卖方指定地点交货后支付(所有用于国际、提供方的利润以及 2010 年《INCOTERMS 2010》);且(4)包含支付的成本。11. 因履行供货协议而发生的所有费用和(国际供货方的利润以及 2010 年《INCOTERMS 2010》)均由(供方发票对买方支付在买方收到并接受和符合适用法律买方发票的支付自开具发票起九十(90)日内完成。收到和接受发票后支付将在九十天。在收到和接受相应点的发票后,买方没有义务支付未被看见、未交付且不符合的货物和材料。一旦已被通知的延迟并确实地买方不支付;对于卖方不承担任何的税,对于买方进行支付和交付,供货商应将此类款项偿还到买方并承担。地方在发票中向卖方,卖方承担任何税:对于买方进行支付和交付,供货商应将此类款项偿还到买方并承担。地方在发票中向卖方,卖方承担任何税:对于买方进行支付和交付,供货方的不供应,买方有权要求迅速的供货或第三方共同或其他赔偿或同样等级支付的价格或更低廉的条款和迅速用于供货的。当不可抗拒的条款或意见,供方保证满足其销售其他客户同样或同等类型的价格和更低廉的条款和迅速用于供货的。对于供于提供买方支付购买的全部的应付账款。对于供于在任何时候应支付买方或其关联的任何金额的款项,买方此后可在该款项剩余有效数额内支付下任何时间的付款。 + +3. 预测:买方可以向供应方提供其未来所需交付物的预测。供应方特此确认:此类预测均无法律约束力,并且买方不对此类预测的准确性或完整性做任何明示或暗示的陈述、保证或承诺。 + +4. 撤销与终止。(a) 如果供方,并且不是供方任何行为或疏忽下方所造成,买方可以在任何时间撤销任何订单或部分任何相应终止供货的全部金额并且买方不承担任何责任;(b) 依照此协议,买方可以任意时间对下的任何订单进行履行的义务,并且(在买方通知后 17)日内不承担违约责任。(c) 买方认为供方无方或未能在供方只顾及交付对,却又实际并拒绝在交付任何任何逾期和未定的交付,(d) 买方以书面方式对供方存在 (5) 买方针对供分生产,供应方或关联方破产,或成为破产中请主体,或是债权人的利益而由供方及所有财产,或是对供应方全部或部分资产接管;(e) 供方任何方式无法为该方到销售的主体,(f) 供方或其的行为和 / 或导致买方对供方的竞争者提供了供应方 (b) 买方可以自行决定以其希望的方式撤销任何订单或终止供货协议,此类撤销终止均应在撤销将没有因自身的责任已经支付于供方的任何的供方的交付物,如果买方能 (10) 且基于买方书面通知,买方的终止任何时不会影响已经交付买方的 110% 提供的支付,如果卖方所拥有责任已在更早支付前面材用买方无无负债,只要供应方在提供服务时遵守成方协议,供应方终止买方的在本有将在买方所期限前已完成工作应支付予 “负债”,的供应方有权获得的付款,(g) 买方可以提前以书面方式向供方发出通知暂停的全部或部分交付承担支付义务,在任何情况下,买方所支付的撤销终止费用均不得超过相应的被撤销订单被停止供货协议的未付金额。 + +5. 支付。供供应方承担的交付、履行本协议项下其它义务而言,准时是至关重要的。买方无义务接受未按照约定交付日进行的交付。供供应方因逾期或延迟交付而使买方造成的成本和费用负责,包括应买方通知(由买方自行决定)而进行的加急运输所产生的附加成本。每延迟一日应支付逾期的总交付的货价金额的 1.2%。供供应方将任何的延迟应足以书面形式通知买方,除双方另行书面约定外,交付物的所有权在买方特定地点完成交货 (DDP)(《国际贸易术语解释通则 2010》INCOTERMS 2010)一方的交付的。交付物的所有在交付特定地点后转移至买方。 + +6. 标识、包装和运输:供应商交付物的内容和警告标识应遵守一切法律及买方的要求。供应商应向买方和承运人就交付物所包含有的危险或受限原材料提供充分的书面警告(包括适当的标识、处置、处理和收回指示、材料安全数据表和分析证书等)。运输应方便操作的方式处理和包装并提供防止损失或损毁的保护措施且应遵循买方的规格、政府规定、行业标准和承运人要求。供应商应对因未能适当处理运输或包装而导致的损失或损毁负责。除买方另行提前书面同意外,不得收取任何费用。包装、装箱、可回收容器、进口税、运输、记录或媒体介质的费用。一切容器、包装清单、提单及发票均必须列明订单号。供应商应遵照一切交付物应装入买方/相关方的适用法规并应由买方或买方的代理人提供或上述注明的所必须的项目(包括海关要求)。供应方同意赔偿买方因供应方未提供不准确的信息或未提供信息而遭受的罚款和/或惩罚。 + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00030.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00030.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..606e1767b35e49784d57cff69f13fe5da18cfe6e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00030.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +合同。 + +第十九条 保险标的转让的,被保险人或者受让人应当及时通知保险人。 + +因保险标的的转让导致危险程度显著增加的,保险人自收到前款规定的通知之日起三十日内,可以增加保险费或者解除合同。 + +被保险人、受让人未履行本条规定的通知义务的,因转让导致保险标的危险程度显著增加而发生的保险事故,保险人不承担赔偿保险金的责任。 + +第二十条 在合同有效期内,保险标的的危险程度显著增加的,被保险人应当及时通知保险人,保险人可以增加保险费或者解除合同。 + +被保险人未履行前款约定的通知义务的,因保险标的的危险程度显著增加而发生的保险事故,保险人不承担赔偿保险金的责任。 + +第二十一条 知道保险事故发生后,被保险人应该: + +(一)尽力采取必要、合理的措施,防止或减少损失,否则,对因此扩大的损失,保险人不承担赔偿责任; + +(二)及时通知保险人,并书面说明事故发生的原因、经过和损失情况;故意或者因重大过失未及时通知,致使保险事故的性质、原因、损失程度等难以确定的,保险人对无法确定的部分,不承担赔偿保险金的责任,但保险人通过其他途径已经及时知道或者应当及时知道保险事故发生除外; + +(三)保护事故现场,允许并且协助保险人进行事故调查;如果发生保险财产遭受盗窃或抢劫的,应立即向公安部门报案;对于拒绝或者妨碍保险人进行事故调查导致无法确定事故原因或核实损失情况的,保险人对无法确定或核实的部分不承担赔偿责任。 + +第二十二条 被保险人请求赔偿时,保险人向被保险人发送“理赔所需资料清单”,被保险人应按清单中列明的证明和资料,以及投保人、被保险人所能提供的与确认保险事故的性质、原因、损失程度等有关的其他证明和资料提供给保险人。 + +保险人认为被保险人提供的有关索赔的证明和资料不完整的,应当及时一次性通知投保人,被保险人补充提供。 + +被保险人未履行前款约定的索赔材料提供义务,导致保险人无法核实损失情况的,保险人对无法核实的部分不承担赔偿责任。 + +## 赔偿处理 + +第二十三条 保险事故发生时,被保险人对保险标的不具有保险利益的,不得向保险人请求赔偿保险金。 + +第二十四条 保险标的遭受保险责任范围内的损失时,无论全部损失和部分损失,在分项目保险金额内(包括被保险人为防止或减少保险标的的损失所支付的必要的、合理的施救费用),按实际损失赔付。 + +第二十五条 保险标的发生保险责任范围内的损失时,保险人按照其实际损失扣除保险单载明的免赔额后,在保险金额范围内计算赔偿。 + +第二十六条 重复保险的投保人应当将重复保险的有关情况通知各保险人。 + +重复保险的各保险人赔偿保险金的总和不得超过保险价值。除合同另有约定外,各保险人按照其保险金额与保险金额总和的比例承担赔偿保险金的责任。 + +其他保险人应承担的赔偿金额,本保险人不负责垫付。若被保险人未如实告知导致保险人多支付赔偿金的,保险人有权向被保险人追回多支付的部分。 + +第二十七条 保险标的发生部分损失,保险人履行赔偿义务后,本保险合同的保险金额自损失发生之日起按保险人的赔偿金额相应减少,保险人不退还保险金额减少部分的保险费。如投保人请求恢复至原保险金额,应按原约定的保险费率另行支付恢复部分从投保人请求的恢复日期起至保险期间届满之日止按日比例计算的保险费。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00031.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00031.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9781f130dbf930801b63f31e94bb3b13526df42 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00031.md @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +日本财产保险(中国)有限公司 + +地下渗水、水管爆裂不属于洪水责任。 + +重大过失行为:指行为人不但没有遵守法律规范对其较高要求,甚至连人们都应当注意并能注意的一般标准也未达到的行为。 + +行政行为或司法行为:指各级政府部门、执法机关或依法履行公共管理、社会管理职能的机构下令破坏、征用、罚没保险标的的行为。 + +地震:地壳发生的震动。 + +海啸:指由海底地震,火山爆发或水下滑坡、塌陷所激发的海洋巨波 + +重复保险:指投保人对同一保险标的、同一保险利益、同一保险事故分别与两个以上保险人订立保险合同,且保险金额总和超过保险价值的保险。 + +## 附录 + +## 短期费率表 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
保险期间
个月



个月

个月






八个月九个月十个月十一个


年费率的百分比1020304050607080859095100
+ +注:不足一个月的部分按一个月计收。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00032.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00032.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..92b75dc3115c992a7c37d5d99527fcaf777e4862 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00032.md @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +## 商业综合责任保险合同条款 + +(事故发生制) + + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00033.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00033.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dd56943734a005cc56f5202696af535473d42228 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00033.md @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +被保险人因重大过失未履行如实告知义务,对保险事故的发生有严重影响的,本公司对于合同解除前发生的保险事故,不承担赔偿或者给付保险金的责任,但应当退还保险费。 + +本公司在合同订立时已经知道被保险人未如实告知的情况的,本公司不得解除合同;发生保险事故的,本公司应当承担赔偿或者给付保险金的责任。 + +12. 理赔 + +保险事故发生后,被保险人索赔时应当向本公司提供其所能提供的与确认保险事故的性质、原因、损失程度等有关的证明和资料,包括但不限于索赔申请书、与第三方索赔要求相符的原始单据证明以及有关法律文书等。被保险人未履行前款约定的索赔材料提供义务,导致本公司无法核实损失情况的,本公司对无法核实部分不承担赔偿责任。 + +本公司收到被保险人的赔偿请求及完整的索赔资料后,应当及时作出核定,情形复杂的,应当在30日内作出核定。 + +本公司应当将核定结果通知被保险人;对属于保险责任的,在与被保险人达成赔偿协议后10日内,履行赔偿义务。本公司依照前款的规定作出核定后,对不属于保险责任的,应当自作出核定之日起3日内向被保险人发出拒绝赔偿通知书,并说明理由。 + +13. 先行赔付义务 + +本公司自收到赔偿或者给付保险金的请求和有关证明、资料之日起60日内,对其赔偿或者给付保险金的数额不能确定的,应当根据已有证明和资料可以确定的数额先予支付;本公司最终确定赔偿或者给付保险金的数额后,应当支付相应的差额。 + +14. 诉讼时效 + +被保险人向本公司请求赔偿或者给付保险金的诉讼时效期间为二年,自其知道或者应当知道保险事故发生之日起计算。 + +15. 危险增加 + +若在本保险合同有效期内,保险标的的危险程度显著增加的,被保险人应当及时通知本公司,本公司有权增加保险费或者即时解除保险合同。本公司解除保险合同的,将按日比例退还已收取的自解除之日起的未满期保险费。被保险人未履行上述通知义务的,因危险程度显著增加而发生的保险事故,本公司不承担赔偿责任。 + +16. 解除 + +a. 声明中所载的第一记名被保险人可通过向本公司邮寄或递送事先书面解除通知的方式解除本保单。 + +b. 本公司可通过向第一记名被保险人邮寄或递送书面解除通知的方式解除本保单,邮寄或递送的时间为: + +(1) 如果本公司因被保险人未支付保费而解除保单,则为解除生效日期前至少20天;或 + +(2) 如果本公司由于任何其它原因而解除保单,则为解除生效日期前至少90天。 + +c. 本公司将把通知邮寄或递送至本公司最后知晓的第一记名被保险人的邮寄地址。 + +d. 解除通知将说明解除的生效日期。本保单的期限将于当日终止。 + +e. 如果本保单被解除,则本公司将向第一个指名的被保险人退还任何应返还的保费。除本章第11条另有约定外,不论是哪方解除本保单,本公司都将按日比例退还已收取的自解除之日起的未满期保险费。即使本公司没有支付或给予未满期保险费,解除也将有效。 + +f. 如果该通知以邮寄方式送交,则邮寄凭证应视为通知行为发生的充分证明。 + +## 第五章 【定义】 + +1. “广告”指为吸引顾客或支持者向公众或特定的市场分类播放或发布关于记名被保险人的商品、产品或服务的文稿。在本定义条款中: + +a. 发布的文稿包括在互联网上或类似电子通讯载体上放置的资料;且 + +b. 就互联网网站而言,只有在互联网网站中为吸引顾客或支持者而放置的关于记名被保险人的商品、产品或服务的内容方可被视为广告。 + +2. “汽车”指: + +a. 用于在公共道路上行驶的陆上机动运输工具,拖车或半拖车,包括任何附属的装置或设备;或 + +b. 需遵守其执照发放地或主要停放地所在的州(省)的强制性或有关财务责任的法律或其它机动车辆保险法律的任何其他陆上运输工具。 + +但“汽车”不包括“机动设备”。 + +3. “身体伤害”指任何人所遭受的身体的伤害、疾病或病症,包括在任何时候由其中任一原因引起的死亡。 + +4. “承保地域”指: + +a. 美国境内(包括其领土和属地)、波多黎各及加拿大; + +b. 国际水域或空域(但仅当伤害或损害发生在往来于上述a段规定的区域之间的旅行或者运输途中); + +c. 在下列情形下扩展到的世界各地, + +{1} 引起伤害或损害的商品或产品是在上述第a段规定的国家或地区内由记名被保险人制造或销售: + +(2) 在上述 a 段规定的国家或地区的居住人员因记名被保险人的业务短期离开该国家或地区时所进行的活动造成伤害或损害: + +(3) 通过互联网或类似电子通讯载体发生的“个人权利及 + + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00034.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00034.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3fa24c96782a3423a32e08d89cd9e3521508c37c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00034.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +## 商业综合责任保险合同条款 + +(事故发生制) + +## 目录 + +页码 + +第一章 【承保范围】....................................................2 +第一条 “身体伤害”及“财产损害”的责任.............................2 +第二条 “个人权利及广告侵害”的责任.................................5 +第三条 医疗费用......................................................6 +第四条 “身体伤害”、“财产损害”及“个人权利及广告侵害”责任的补充支付........6 +第二章 【被保险人资格】..............................................7 +第三章 【保险赔偿限额】..............................................8 +第四章 【商业综合责任总则】..........................................9 +第五章 【定义】.......................................................11 + + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00035.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00035.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..272305a9c8aef7774db2bbe7ed493cee941d8eb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00035.md @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +## 商业综合责任保险合同条款 + +(事故发生制) + +本保险合同提供事故发生制保障。请仔细阅读本保险合同的所有条款 + +本保险合同条款对承保范围作出详细规定。请仔细阅读以明确权利、义务以及本保险合同的保障内容。本商业综合责任保险合同条款(事故发生制)、投保书、保险单、批单(如有),及其它约定书均构成本保险合同的组成部分。 + +在本保险合同中,“记名被保险人”指保险单上所示的记名被保险人及在本保险合同项下可视为记名被保险人的其他个人或机构;而“本公司”指苏黎世财产保险(中国)有限公司。“被保险人”指符合本保险合同第二章【被保险人资格】规定的任何个人或机构。 + +其他引号内的用语同样具有特定的含义。请参照本保险条款第五章【定义】。 + +## 第⼀章 【承保范围】 + +## 第一条 “身体伤害”及“财产损害”的责任 + +## 1. 保险责任 + +a. 被保险人因本保险合同承保的“身体伤害”或“财产损害”依法应负赔偿责任时,本公司依本保险合同的规定支付损害赔偿金。本公司有权利和义务就出该损害赔偿的“诉讼”为被保险人进行辩护,但是对非本保险合同承保的“身体伤害”或“财产损害”而提出的“诉讼”,本公司不负辩护义务。本公司可以自行决定,就“事件”进行调查、对任何索赔或其导致的“诉讼”进行和解。但是,本条款以下列条件为限: + +{1} 本公司将依本保险合同第三章【保险赔偿限额】的规定支付赔偿金额;且 + +{2} 当本公司所支付的裁判金额或解金金额已达到本保险合同承保范围第一条、第二条或第三条条款下所规定适用的赔偿限时,本公司进行辩护的权利及义务即行终止。 + +除非在本保险合同【承保范围】第四条条款中明确规定,否则本公司不承担其他任何责任或义务进行赔付、实施行为或提供服务。 + +b. 本保险仅在下列条件下承保“身体伤害”或“财产损害”: + +{1} 身体伤害”或“财产损害”必须由一“事件”引起,且“事件”必须发生在“承保地域”之内; + +(2) 身体伤害”或“财产损害”必须发生在保险期间内;且 + +(3) 保险期开始日前,没有符合第二章【被保险人资格】第一条的被保险人及“记名被保险人”授权其发出或接受“事件”或索赔的“雇员”知道“身体伤害”或“财产损害”已经发生或部分发生。如果此等被保险人或授权 + +“雇员”在保险期开始日前知道发生了“身体伤害”或“财产损害”,则此伤害或损害在保险期间或之后的任何延续,改变或恢复进行应被视为在保险期开始日前即已知。 + +c. 发生在保险期间,并且在保险期开始日前第二章【被保险人资格】第一条中的被保险人或“记名被保险人”授权其发出或接受“事件”或索赔的“雇员”并不知道其发生的“身体伤害”或“财产损害”,包括其在保险期结束之后的任何接续,改变或恢复进行。 + +d. “身体伤害”或“财产损害”的已发生时间,以第二章【被保险人资格】第一条中的被保险人或“记名被保险人”授权其发出或接受“事件”或索赔的“雇员”下列行为最先发生者为准: + +{1} 向本公司或任何其他保险人报告了全部或部分的“身体伤害”或“财产损害”; + +{2} 接受了书面或口头的要求或索赔由“身体伤害”或“财产损害”造成的损害; + +{3} 由任何其他方式意识到“身体伤害”或“财产损害”已经发生或已经开始发生。 + +e. 因“身体伤害”引起的损害赔偿包括任何个人或机构就“身体伤害”引起的护理、服务丧失或死亡在任何时候而提出的损害索赔金额。 + +## 2. 责任免除条款 + +本保险对下列事项不负赔偿责任: + +a. 可预见到的或故意造成的伤害 + +被保险人能预见到的或故意造成的“身体伤害”或“财产损害”。本责任免除条款不适用于被保险人因采取合理措施保护人身或财产时所导致的“身体伤害”。 + +b. 合同责任 + +被保险人因合同或协议的规定有责任进行赔付的"身体伤害"或"财产损害"。本责任免除条款不适用于下列情形的责任赔付: + +{1}即使无该合同或协议的存在,亦应由被保险人负赔偿责任的;或 + +{2} 身体伤害”或“财产伤害”发生在该合同或协议生效之后,而该合同或协议为本保险合同第五章【定义】所列明的“可保合同”。仅为确定“可保合同”项下应承担的责任,第三者(非被保险人)发生的或因第三者而发生的合理的律师费以及必要的诉讼费满足下列条件 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00036.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00036.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..347cf7839f6c5fc51f54f9755986028c19aead78 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00036.md @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +合同规定履行合同义务。 + +但是如果“记名被保险人的产品”或“记名被保险人的工作”投入其预期使用后受到突发偶然的物质损害而导致其他财产不能使用,则本责任免除条款不适用。 + +## n. 产品、工作或已受损毁财产的召回 + +如果因“记名被保险人的产品”、“记名被保险人的工作”或“受损毁财产”存在已知或可瑕的缺陷、不足之处、不当之处或危险状况,导致其从市场上或任何个人或机构的使用中被撤回或召回,记名被保险人或他人因不能使用或撤回、召回、检查、修理、重置、调整、拆卸或处理该产品、工作或财产而就发生的损失、费用或开支提出的报答赔偿。 + +## o. 个人权利及广告侵害 + +因“个人权利及广告侵害”造成的“身体伤害”。 + +## p. 电子数据 + +因电子数据丢失、不能使用、损坏、变异、不能访问以及不能操作所引起的损失。 + +本责任免除条款下的电子数据是指由计算机软件(包括系统软件和应用软件)、硬盘或软盘、光盘驱动器、磁带、驱动器、存储单元、数据处理设备或其它任何具有电子控制设备的媒介所存储、制作、使用、传输的资料、信息或程序。 + +责任免除条款 c 至 n 项不适用于因火灾对记名被保险人所租借的或经业主许可临时占用的场所所造成的损失。根据本保险合同第三章【保险赔偿限额】的规定,该损失适用独立的保险赔偿限额。 + +## 第二条 “个人权利及广告侵害”的责任 + +## 1. 保险责任 + +a. 被保险人因本保险合同承保的“个人权利及广告侵害”依法应负赔偿责任时,本公司依本保险合同的规定支付损害赔偿金。本公司有权利和义务就提出该损害赔偿的“诉讼”为被保险人进行辩护,但是对非本保险合同承保的“个人权利及广告侵害”而提出的“诉讼”,本公司不负辩护义务。本公司可以自行决定,就侵害事件进行调查、对任何索赔或其导致的“诉讼”进行和解。但: + +(1)本公司将依本保险合同第三章【保险赔偿限额】的规定支付赔偿金额;且 + +(2) 当所支付的裁决金额或和解金额已达到本保险合同承保范围第一条、第二条或第三条条款下所规定适用的赔偿限额时,本公司进行辩护的权利及义务即行终止。 + +除非在本保险合同【承保范围】第四条中明确规定,否则本公司不承担其他任何责任或义务进行赔付、实施行为或提供服务。 + +b. 本保险仅在以下情况下承保因记名被保险人的业务而引起的侵害事件所造成的“个人权利及广告侵害”,即该侵害事件在保险期间发生于“承保地域”之内。 + +## 2. 责任免除条款 + +本保险对下列事项不负赔偿责任: + +## a. 故意侵犯他人权利 + +在被保险人明知其行为将侵犯他人权利造成“个人权利及广告侵害”的情况下被保险人仍作出或仍指示他人作出该行为而导致的“个人权利及广告侵害”; + +## b. 故意发布虚假资料 + +在明知资料虚假的情况下,被保险人自行或指示他人以口头或书面形式发布该虚假资料而引起的“个人权利及广告侵害”; + +## c. 在保险期间开始前发布的资料 + +口头或书面形式发布的资料所引起的“个人权利及广告侵害”,而该资料的首次发布发生在在保险期间开始之前; + +## d. 犯罪行为 + +被保险人实施的或在被保险人指示下实施的犯罪行为所引起的“个人权利及广告侵害”; + +## e. 合同责任 + +被保险人根据合同或协议的规定有责任进行赔付的“个人权利及广告侵害”。但是如果被保险人在即使无该合同或协议的情况下仍应对上述侵害负赔偿责任时,则不适用本责任免除条款。 + +## f. 违反合同 + +违反合同而引起的“个人权利及广告侵害”,但不包括在默示合同下在记名被保险人的“广告”中使用他人的广告创意; + +## g. 品质或性能不符合声明 + +商品、产品或服务不符合记名被保险人的“广告”所声明的品质或性能而引起的“个人权利及广告侵害”; + +## h. 对价格的错误描述 + +在记名被保险人的“广告”中对商品、产品或服务的价格的错误描述而引起的“个人权利及广告侵害”; + +## i. 侵犯版权、专利、商标或商业秘密 + +因侵犯他人的版权、专利、商标、商业秘密或其他知识产权权利而引起的“个人权利及广告侵害”。但是,本责任免除条款不适用记名被保险人的“广告”所引起的对版权、商业外观或广告用语的侵权行为。 + +## j. 从事传媒业及互联网业的被保险人 + +从事下列行业的被保险人所实施的"个人权利及广告侵害": + +(1) 广告、无线电广播、出版或电视广播行业; + +(2) 为他人设计或确定互联网内容或互联网网站的行业; + +(3) 互联网搜索、互联网访问、互联网内容或互联网服务的供应商。 + +但是,本责任免除条款不适用本保险合同【定义】第14条“个人权利及广告侵害”中a,b,c项所规定的侵害事 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00037.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00037.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a0ed872c2a7ebe25aa179f7a1a9e6b7adf4ea302 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00037.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +以下译文仅供参考。如果本译文与最后更新的英文版本之间存在差异、不一致或冲突(包括由于翻译延误),则以英文版本为准。 + +## Amazon Macie 服务水平协议 + +最后更新日期:2022年5月5日 + +本 Amazon Macie 服务水平协议(“SLA”)是管理 Amazon + +Macie(“Macie”)使用的政策,并单独适用于每个使用 Amazon Macie 的账户 . 如果本 SLA 的条款与 AWS + +客户协议或您与我们签订的其他适用于您使用我们服务的协议(“协议”)的条款发生冲突,则以本SLA 的条款和条件为准,但仅限于该等冲突的范围。本 SLA中使用但未定义的专门术语应具有协议中规定的含义. + +## 服务承诺 + +AWS 将尽商业上合理的努力,确保在任何月度账单周期内,每个 AWS 区域内 Macie的每月正常运行时间百分比至少达到99.9%(“服务承诺”)。如果Macie未达到服务承诺,您将有资格获得如下所述的服务抵扣额度。 + +## 服务抵扣额度 + +服务抵扣额度按照在给定 AWS +区域的每月正常运行时间百分比处于下表所示范围内的月度账单周期内,您为 Macie +支付的以下费用的百分比来计算: + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
每月正常运行时间百分比服务抵扣额度百
低于99 . 9 %但高于或等于99 . 0 %10%
低于99 . 0 %但等于或高于95 . 0 %25%
低于95.0%100%
+ +任何服务抵扣额度只适用于抵扣您在未来须支付的Macie + +款项.我们可能会自行决定向您的信用卡(即在发生不可用状况的账单周期内,您用来付款的信用卡)发放服务抵扣额度.服务抵扣额度将不会使您有权从AWS + +获得任何退款或其他付款.服务抵扣额度仅在相应月度账单周期的抵扣金额超过一美元($1 USD)时适用并发放,服务抵扣额度不得转让或应用于任何其他账户.除非协议另有规定,否则对于任何 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00038.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00038.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..79990b0a33dbc8cc4fc87e1592915ac5ee87dd1d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00038.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +## 京东安联财产保险有限公司 +运动意外伤害保险条款(互联网版) + +## 一、总则 + +本保险合同由保险条款、投保单、保险单、保险凭证以及批单等组成。凡涉及本保险合同的约定,均应采用书面形式。本保险合同仅用于互联网渠道销售。 + +身体健康的自然人,可作为本保险合同的被保险人,是否接受投保、承保,由保险人(见释义 1)决定。本保险合同的被保险人可以为一人或数人,以变更单上所载明为准,并将按以下约定减少本保险合同项下的被保险人:1. 若被保险人因客观原因发生重大变更而不能接受被保险人继续成为本保险合同的被保险人或被保险人申请减少某一被保险人,则自其获取该笔保险费之时起,本保险合同项下的被保险人不再包含该被保险人,其应收保费将于当日(见释义 2)。2. 除本保险合同另有约定外,自某一被保险人达到本保险合同所约定的最高承保年龄后的首个保险单满期日的二十四时起,本保险合同项下的被保险人不再包含该被保险人,其应收保费将于当日(见释义 2)。3. 当保险人就本保险合同项下对被保险人的累计给付金额达到保险单所载被保险人该被保险人的保险金额,自身成本之或低于本保险对该被保险人的累计给付金额达到保险金额之日起,保险人对该被保险人的保险责任终止,本保险合同项下的被保险人不再包含该被保险人。 + +投保人应为具有完全民事行为能力的被保险人本人,对被保险人有保险利益的其他人。 + +本保险合同的受益人包括: + +(一)身故保险金受益人 + +订立本保险合同时,被保险人或投保人可指定一人或数人为身故保险金受益人。身故保险金受益人为数人时,应确定其受益顺序和受益份额;未确定受益份额的,各身故保险金受益人按照相等份额享有受益权。投保人指定受益人时须经被保险人同意。投保人为与其有劳动关系的劳动者投保人身保险,不得指定被保险人及其近亲属以外的人为受益人。 + +被保险人死亡后,有下列情形之一的,保险金作为被保险人的遗产,由保险人依照有关法律的规定履行给付保险金的义务: + +1. 没有指定受益人,或者受益人指定不明无法确定的: + +2.受益人先于被保险人死亡,没有其他受益人的: + +3. 受益人依法丧失受益权或者放弃受益权,没有其他受益人的。 + +受益人与被保险人在同一事件中死亡。且不能确定死亡先后顺序的。推定受益人死亡在先。 + +被保险人或投保人可以变更身故保险金受益人,但需书面通知保险人,由保险人在本保险合同上批注。对因身故保险金受益人变更发生的法律纠纷,保险人不承担任何责任。 + +投保人指定或变更身故保险金受益人的,应经被保险人书面同意。被保险人为无民事行为能力人或限制民事行为能力人的,应由其监护人指定或变更身故保险金受益人。 + +(二)伤残保险金受益人 + +除另有约定外,本保险合同的伤残保险金的受益人为被保险人本人。 + +## 二、保险责任 + +在保险期间内,被保险人在合法经营/管理的公共体育场所内或保险合同指定的体育场所内,进行保险单载明的体育运动时遭受意外伤害(见释义3)事故导致死亡或伤残的。保险人依照下列约定给付保险金,且给付各项保险金之和不超过保险金额。 + +(一)运动身故保险责任 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00039.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00039.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cbae700b80a79358630c9024dd76b5192a8d54cb --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00039.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +一般条款和条件 + +Loparex (Guangzhou) Paper Products Ltd. + +1. 适用范围:本合同适用于双方在后续所有甲方销售产品及服务方面的合作。 + +2. 定义:本合同·合同:指本合同以及双方后续相关的订单·齐·光规定或者协议及附件·产品和服务:主要指甲方自前生产和销售的各种类型纸和离型膜·也包括乙方订单或者采购合同中所确认的其他产品或者服务·订单:指乙方在本合同有效期内向甲方下达的所有订货通知文件·是甲方根据以履行交货义务的文件·该订单中应包含订单编号·产品名称·产品规格或型号·订货数量·产品单价·产品总价·交货期·交货地点·收货人等内容·价格:指在采购合同·订单或者服务价单中所明的经甲乙双方协商确定的·产品价格·是乙方支付相应订单中产品和服务价款或费用给你提供·交货期:指乙方在订单上注明并授权甲方确认的交货时间·或者经双方另行商定并经书面确认的交货时间·交货地点:指乙方在订单上注明并授权甲方确认的交货地点·或者由乙方另行书面通知并经甲方确认的交货地点·产品生产批次:是为了便于产品的售后跟踪·甲方向乙方提供的产品生产批次·该编号具有可追溯性并且是唯一的。 + +3. 关于订货及价格:本合同价格指双方后续以订单方式确认的具体价格,报价及订单;甲方根据乙方的询价(接受电话、传真或者电子邮件询价),向乙方报价(乙方接受电话、传真或者电子邮件报价),甲方的报价视为履约邀请;乙方依据甲方的报价或者双方最终商定的价格条款向甲方发出订单,该订单质量加盖乙方公章或者采购专用章,乙方的订单视为履约,甲方同意乙方的订单时应加盖甲方公章或者合同专用章,表示完全同意的意见,以示承诺,如果双方于订单中无法就价格问题达成一致,且另一方认为有必要时,一方有权终止合作和本合同,但终止本合同,并不影响双方已经确认的订单效力,价格保密;乙方不得称甲方的报价及经双方确认的价格透露给任何第三方。 + +4. 付款方式及条件:双方确认:使用月方式结算时,双方应于每月月底前将对当月已交货物的货款,乙方应予以配合(甲方拒绝对账或者三次以上不能在每月月底前核对当月数据视为乙方之严重违约;甲方有权单方面终止本合同及尚未交货的所有订单);乙方应按甲方发票的出票日起计算账期,在满足上述付款条件下届时付款,乙方付款日期计算时间起点为甲方对应发票载明的出票日期,按双方约定的付款方式及对应付款帐期,乙方未按本合同约定及时支付货款,每延迟一日,乙方按延迟部分货款总额的 0.5% 向甲方支付违约金; + +5.交易:本合同约定的投资者操作甲方投资账号进行买入等金融业务(如果买卖均算交割,乙方有权根据以下操作方式强制平仓:如超过止损/止盈成本价,乙方有权要求投资者在15个交易日内完成平仓;如未在规定时间内完成平仓,则视为自动交割)。交割时,甲方可同时包括股票及衍生品在内的A股、港股和B股市场的所有第一笔T+0。或者乙方可让其进行平仓或转委托给其他正规机构,若甲方已在指定地点办理完交割手续后,进入上述地点的投资者将被默认为乙方客户,如双方确认同意甲方向交易所提交的持仓总金额不得低于 1.5 倍初始保证金(“T日”)的原定标准。若因任何原因导致未能成功交割且未及时补充保证金,甲方有权在T+3日直接执行强制平仓。交易时间:每日9:30至11:30,13:00至15:00。甲方有权在T+3个交易日,或者延迟到 T+2 个交易日,执行强制平仓。交易结算:实际成交价格与可撤单价格相差在±10%以内(含本数)的视为正常交易。双方按照实际到账资金金额结算盈亏,不允许以同一方向的“反手开仓”实现交易套利(单次超额收益超过+/-10%以上(不含本数)的及实际交割中出现单笔亏损大于(含本数)本金总额5%的情形下,甲方有权拒绝接受该笔交易并将其视为无效交易处理),否则由于市场原因造成损失由违约方承担不超过5个工作日内的损失部分并给予赔偿;因此投资者提出申请要求取消交易的,超出部分应按乙方同期贷款利率计息补偿给投资者或支付违约金之日止。15 日内超限平仓:因所持产品的最低结算限额由甲方决定;因乙方违约已导致本金损失的,甲方应于接到通知之日起 3 个工作日内退还全部本金,并承担由此产生的合理费用及利息;如乙方违约的范围,具体比例及调整方案另行约定;如因双方已协商的损失予以确认,由于延期交付可能导致的不同风险及交易变更,双方另有协商解决方式,实证监管。 + +6.收货及验收:如乙方不能按时交货,则甲方应在知悉迟延或可能迟延的情况后 5日内向乙方书面通知,并在乙方同意的情况下,变更交货期;交货以双方最终确认的交货期为准;如果乙方不能按时收货,则乙方应在交货期前至少提前 15 日书面通知甲方,并在甲方书面同意的情况下,变更交货期。交货以双方最终确认的交货期为准;如甲方部分延迟交货,乙方不得拒绝履行及拒付收货,属于行业交易习惯的存在。对于甲方境外大宗原材料供应商的生产周期并不十分确定,可能出现供货不足的情况导致不能按原定的协议约定对此应尽到足够的谨慎。一旦出现该种可能时,应立即通知乙方,双方应尽快协商确定新的交货期。双方同意,如需实际交货日期与订单上确认的日期不符时,以双方书面正式确认的最新交货期为准。 + +6. 货物及验收:乙方负责,收到货物后检查外观、规格、数量、包装等,办理收货手续。货物由甲方自行转运至乙方,乙方于货到之日起 3 个工作日内对所供产品及相关产品的性能指标(并按照双方确认的检验标准和验收标准进行检验(双方认可的检验标准为《本合同附件》))。货物到现场后,数量无误、型号规格和配置符合双方约定要求的,即为验收合格;如果乙方收货未在前述时间内完成验收,视为该批货物验收合格。乙方验货时,按双方确认的抽样标准和验收标准,样品重新进行验收,如双方检测结果确实有争议时,双方共同委托权威机构对样品进行检验。经检验不合格或部分不合格,按本合同约定承担违约责任,检验费由甲方承担;经检验为合格产品的,乙方应按本合同约定支付货款,并承担检测费用。当出现货物检验不合格时,乙方应在验收期满之日起 7 个工作日内书面通知甲方,经甲方确认检验结果属实,甲方须于确认之日起 7 个工作日内予以更换。因此所增加的费用由甲方承担,在征得甲方同意的情况下,也可以由乙方进行调换。保修期自甲方单方要求的产品,不符合要求的产品由甲方予以更换,因此增加的费用由甲方承担,双方也可另行协商解决的办法。 + +7. 货物包装、运输及保险: 包装:按甲方通常使用的包装标准进行包装,包装费用如无明确约定时,应包含在货物价款中。 运输:乙方授权甲方代为办理运输,运输费如无明确约定时,应包含在货物价款中。 保险:乙方对保险有特别要求时,双方应于订单中明确或者另行以书面文件确认;如果双方没有明确约定,则会被认为乙方已授权甲方代为办理货物递交乙方前的保险,保险费如无明确约定时,应包含在货物价款中。 + +8. 不可抗力:任何一方对因火灾、地震、台风、水灾、意外事件、战争、罢工、停工、传染病、暴动、政府行为等人力不可抗拒的原因而直接或者间接造成本合同或者本合同项下订单不能履行或者延误履行均不负责任。遭受不可抗力一方应于不可抗力发生之日起五日内书面通知对方并尽量减少损失;若因不可抗力造成通讯中断,遭受不可抗力一方应于通讯恢复之日起 24 小时内通知对方。如果不可抗力持续 10 天,任一方有权终止或者解除本合同或本合同项下订单之一部或者全部,并不负担任何赔偿责任。 + +9. 基本违约责任:如果甲方延迟交货(不含前延视为正常交货的情况),应按照延误交货部分货款总额的 1%自迟延交货之次日起按日计算向乙方支付违约金。迟延交货的违约金最高不超过迟延交货部分货款总额的 30%;如果甲方迟延交货超过 10 天以上(不含本数),乙方有权取消订单,并有权要求甲方赔偿乙方因此受到的直接经济损失;若延误交货超过 30 天或者连续出现 3 次迟延交货的情况,乙方有权单方面终止本合同及后续订单,乙方单方面终止本合同或者订单不影响已完成的订单效力及本合同有关条款,同时终止订单取消后处理条款的效力。 +如果乙方到期拒绝收货(不含前延视为正常交货的情况),自交货到期之日起 3 天内,经甲方书面通知,乙方仍拒绝收货,或者乙方以其行为表现拒绝收货,乙方应按拒收部分货款总额的 1%自交货期满之次日起按日计算向甲方支付违约金,拒收部分的违约金最高不超过拒收部分货款总额的 30%;如果乙方自约定交货期满之次日起超过 10 天仍然拒绝收货,或 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00040.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00040.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6d19ec18c4300019d5627d61fa0c31e35b20223f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00040.md @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +## 开户「赏」条款及细则: + +1. 开户「赏」(「开户赏」)之推广期由2018年12月21日至2019年3月31日,包括首尾两天(「推广期」)。 + +2. 只有新「理财金账户」/「理财e时代」账户客户(「新客户」)方合资格获赠实时赏。「新客户」指开户前12个月内不曾持有以个人或联名名义在本行开立任何账户(只有信用卡账户者除外)的客户。 + +3. 每名新客户只可获享实时赏一次。联名账户客户以一户计算,并只可获一份实时赏。 + +4. 新客户须于上述推广期内成功开立下列指定账户,并符合下列奖赏要求(「合格客户」),方可获享以下奖赏: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
全新客户所开立的账户类型开户后首3 个月维持以下
每日平均理财总值
开户[赏]-
信用卡免找数签账额
[理财金账户]HK$3,000,000或以上HK$3,000
HK$800,000或以上HK$800
[理财e 时代]HK$100,000或以上HK$100
+ +每日平均理财总值包括客户在本行名下的所有存款结余及投资的市值。如账户为单名持有,客户其他联名账户的存款结余及投资市值亦计算在内。联名账户的理财总值只计算于基本账户持有人的理财总值内。 + +5. 奖赏之首3个月每日平均理财总值(曾于第4项条款中提及)计算期(「3个月计算期」)及奖赏期如下: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
开户日期3 个月计算期奖赏期
2018 年12 月21 日至31 日2019 年1 月1 日至2019 年3 月31 日2019 年5 月底
2019 年1 月1 日至31 日2019 年2 月1 日至2019 年4 月30 日2019 年6 月底
2019 年2 月1 日至28 日2019 年3 月1 日至2019 年5 月31 日2019 年7 月底
2019 年3 月1 日至31 日2019 年4 月1 日至2019 年6 月30 日2019 年8 月底
+ +6. 合资格客户于本行发放奖赏时,必须仍然持有「理财金账户」/「理财e时代」账户,方能获得奖赏。 + +7. 若合格客户于开立「理财金账户」/「理财e时代」账户后12个月内取消账户,本行有权于客户之任何一个账户扣除有关已送赠奖赏的相同价值,而不预先通知。 + +8. 合资格客户同时亦可享有Club SIM及Now E奖赏、下载有礼奖赏、飞凡「赏」抽奖、信用卡通道增消费奖赏推广计划、外汇优惠及个人税务贷款优惠,并须受有关优惠的条款及细则所约束,详情请参阅相关适用的条款及细则。 + +9. 开户「赏」不适用于本行员工。 + +10. 以上开户赏均受「理财金账户」/「理财e时代」账户的有关条款及细则约束。 + +## 飞凡「赏」抽奖条款及细则: + +1. 飞凡「赏」抽奖(「飞凡赏抽奖」)之推广期由2018年12月21日至2019年3月31日,包括首尾两天(「推广期」)。 + +2. 客户须于上述推广期内完成下列指定交易要求(「合资格客户」),方可自动获得相应的抽奖机会以赢取飞凡赏-HK$10,000旅游礼券(得奖名额:5名)。指定交易必须于上述推广期内成功执行方可被视为完成指定交易,交易日以指定交易成功执行的当日为准。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00041.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00041.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..24eca3b194fde894ae2136451e2a9582ab1fe4d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00041.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
指定交易要求抽奖机会
(每位合资格客户总共最多30 次抽奖机会)
全新客户a )开立理财金账户]+
使用电子银行(手机银行/网上银行)
10 次
b )开立[理财e 时代]+
使用电子银行(手机银行/网上银行)
5 次
所有客户c )使用「e 秒转-FPS 」(每交易一次:上限共10 次)1 次
d )凭ICBC 信用卡签账(每本地消费签账一次:上限10 次)1 次
+ +3i) 全新客户:开立「理财金账户」及使用电子银行(手机银行/网上银行) + +‐ 只有新「理财金账户」客户(「新客户」)方合资格参加飞凡赏抽奖。「新客户」指开户前12个月内不曾持有以个人或联名名义在本行开立任何账户(只有信用卡账户者除外)的客户。 + +‐ 新客户于推广期内需成功开立「理财金账户」账户并成功登入手机银行/网上银行至少一次(「合资格客户」)方可自动参加抽奖,有机会赢取飞凡「赏」。每位合资格客户于推广期内共可自动获得10次抽奖机会。 + +ii)全新客户:开立「理财 e 时代」及使用电子银行(手机银行/网上银行) + +‐ 只有新「理财 e 时代」账户客户(「新客户」)方合资格参加抽奖。「新客户」指开户前12个月内不曾持有以个人或联名名义在本行开立任何账户(只有信用卡账户者除外)的客户。 + +‐ 新客户于推广期内需成功开立「理财 e 时代」账户并成功登入手机银行/网上银行至少一次(「合资格客户」)方可自动参加抽奖,有机会赢取飞凡「赏」。每位合资格客户于推广期内共可自动获得5次抽奖机会。 + +iii)所有客户:使用「e秒转-FPS」 + +‐ 客户于推广期内成功完成「e秒转-FPS」收款/付款交易1次分别可自动获得抽奖机会1次;每位合资格客户于推广期内最多可获得10次抽奖机会。 + +iv)所有客户:凭 ICBC 信用卡本地消费签账 + +‐ 客户于推广期内以本行发出之 ICBC 信用卡(「合资格信用卡」)本地消费签账 1 次,可自动获得抽奖机会 1 次。每位合资格客户于推广期内最多可获得 10 次抽奖机会。 + +‐ 合资格签账日交易日计算,所有本地零售签账必须以港币记账并于推广期内在香港进行,而交易须于不迟于推广期后7天内志账方为有效。惟不包括海外消费及以人民币或非港币签账的消费、信用卡网上自助动柜员机缴费服务、结余转户、自动转账、信用卡现金兑现计划金额及其他分期还款额、商户分期付款、缴交税款、税务贷款及私人贷款之分期还款额、电子货币包增值/转账交易(包括但不限于Alipay、PayMe、Tap&Go及WeChat Pay)、筹码兑换、博彩交易、各类手续费及财务费用,所有未透过商户终端机进行的交易均不适用于本计划。所有未志账/取消/退款/未经许可的交易均不适用于本推广。如对合资格消费签账之定义有任何争议,本行保留最终决定权。 + +‐ 不适用于公司卡之卡户。 + +‐ 合资格签账只以每位合资格主卡持卡人计算,附属卡签账不适用。 + +‐ 合格信用卡持卡人账户必须于推广期结束后2个月内仍然有效及没有任何拖欠记录,方可获享抽奖机会。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00042.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00042.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cf9fb9445fb59491910efe94d23de92a55d1d68a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00042.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +## 货物购买标准条款和条件(修订:2023年5月) + +1. 合同和接受:本《货物购买标准条款和条件》(下称“条款和条件”)以及随附,附加或包含本条款和条件的书面采购订单(下称“订单”)(两者合称为“合同”)构成了公司(具有下文所列定义的含义)发出的要约条款(下称“要约”)。本条款和条件仅适用于与其他公司或商业企业签订的合约。合同是公司同意受其约束的唯一,专有条款,“公司”一词包括 Howmet Aerospace Inc. 或签署与合同有关的订单的任何关联公司或子公司。签约明确限定只接受要约条款,公司特此对要约的任何回复中包含的与要约条款不完全相符的不同或附加条款发出反对通知。公司的任何无条件付款或履行任何合约的其他行为不构成同意适用合同中未规定的任何条款和条件。除要约的其他条款外,要约还明确包括所有默示保证和买方的全部救济,包括但不限于依据任何适用法律给予的救济。当供应商交付经签署的确认书、开始履约或装运合同项下的所有或部分货物(定义见本文)(以较早发生者为准)时,公司的要约应被视为被供应商(定义见本文)所接受,并且合同将具有法律效力。除合同中另有明确规定外,公司没有义务从供应商处购买任何特定数量的货物或完全无义务购买任何数量的货物,并且公司将有权自行决定从其他供应商处购买相同或类似的货物。供应商通过签署合同,特此确认其已详细审查合同,并充分理解合同所有条款规定的双方权利、义务和免责条款,特别是关于责任、风险、知识产权、赔偿和保险的条款。 + +2. 装运和交货:(a) 除订单中另有规定外,供应商装运的货物将按完税后交货(《2020年国际贸易术语解释通则》)在正常工作时间内交付至公司订单指定的目的地,相关费用由供应商承担。所有货物的交付将严格遵守合同中所述的日期和时间表。交货时间是合同的实质要件。接收货物并不构成最终接受货物。 +(b) 供应商保证将妥善地包装订单中所述的货物,并依照任何适用的法律法规适当地进行标记。除订单中另有规定外,公司不支付包装费。对于需要特殊包装或采用特殊搬运方式的货物,其包装上必须有适当的标记,以免在卸货时发生事故。供应商还必须提醒公司在卸载危险或放射性产品时应采取的任何预防措施。凡是根据适用的法律法规和/或公司法规/政策被定义为有害或危险的货物。供应商应按照该等适用的法律法规和/或公司法规/政策的要求,以安全数据表和相应标签的形式,向公司提供该等货物的危险警告和安全操作信息。 + +(c) 公司以书面形式同意接受分批交货的,合同应被视为与每批货物有关的一份单独合同。如果供应商未能交付任何一批货物,公司有权选择将整个合同视为失效。 + +(d) 如果交付给公司的货物数量超过公司订购的数量,则公司无需对超出部分付款,超出部分始终由供应商承担风险,并且应由供应商在三(3)个月内自担费用取回。此后,公司可自行处置该等多余货物,费用由供应商承担。 + +(e) 在按照订单规定的方式和规定的一个或多个地点完成向公司交货之前,供应商应始终承担货物的风险,在遵守下文 (g) 款规定的条件下,货物的风险应转移至公司。 + +(f) 在遵守下文 (g) 款规定的条件下,货物的所有权应在可确定货物为拟根据合同交付给公司的货物、或按照上述规定完成交货并且支付价款或任何一批货物的价款时(以较早发生者为准)转移至公司。 + +(g) 如果公司根据本条款和条件的规定拒收任何货物,该等货物应始终被视为归供应商所有,风险由供应商承担。 + +(h) 如果供应商未能在订单规定的时问内交付货物,在不限制其享有的其他权利或救济的条件下,公司有权:(i) 通过向供应商发出书面通知,终止合同且立即生效;(ii) 拒绝接受供应商试图进行的任何后续货物或交货;(iii) 收回任何预付的款项;(iv) 要求供应商补偿公司从第三方获得替代货物和/或服务所发生的费用;(v) 要求按订单中规定的收货标准支付违约赔偿金,并要求赔偿以任何方式归因于供应商未能遵守该等日期而使公司发生的任何额外费用、损失或支出;要求赔偿超出违约赔偿金的更多损害赔偿的权利不会受到限制。 + +3. 价格:供应商保证,合同中规定的价格为包干价格,未经公司事先明确书面同意,不会增加任何类型的额外费用,包括但不限于运输、包装、标签、关税、税费、储存、保险、包装和装卸费用。 + +4. 保证:除了法律要求的任何担保和保证之外,根据合同条款提供货物、材料、随附服务(统一称为“货物”)的供应商(下称“供应商”)还保证,自货物交付之日起二十四(24个月内),或者自货物安装之日起十八(18)个月内(以较早发生者为准),所有货物:(i)质量符合要求(在相关情况下由当地法律界定),不存在材料、设计、工艺方面的缺陷(无论是否经公司认可):(ii)符合所有适用的描述、规格、图纸,平面图,说明书,数据、样品和模型,包括供应商在合同订立后提供的资料:(iii)适合货物而满足的特定用途,供应商确认公司是依赖供应商的技能或判断力求提供合适的货物;(iv)由全部新件组成;(v)不断带任何留置权、产权负担和其他担保权益,以及任何实际或声称的专利。版权或商标侵权或其他有效的权利主张;(vi)按照适用于货物生产、标签、包装、储存、搬运和交付的所有相关法律和监管要求及行业标准生产和销售。该保证的适用范围明确扩展到货物在未来性能、这些保证是对所有其他可能适用的明示、暗示或法定保证的补充。对在供应商文件或其他地方所述的公司救济的准则或供应商保证的免责声明不具有效力。特此予以反对和拒绝。本条的商有保证和其他规定将在货物验收、支付货款和使用货物以及合同到期、终止或撤销之后继续有效,并适用于公司、其客户、继承人和受让人以及货物的使用者。除公司可获得的其他救济之外,如要供应而违反了本条所载的保证,则供应商还可根据公司的选择,在收到公司的通知后,自本期费用(包括任何相关运费和劳务费)在该通知规定的期限内重新设计、修理或更换(适用时,包括重新安装)货物或重新提供相关服务直至公司满意。如果供应商不能或不能在规定期限内进行必要的重新设计、修理或更换,公司可自行或以他人进行等重新设计、修理或更换,相关风险和费用由供应商承担,公司发生的任何费用和支出可作为到期应付债务要求供应商偿还。供应商保证,将按照行业最高标准以专业、胜任的方式开展所有与合同相关的服务,并保证其具备提供货物所需的技能、专业能力、许可证、执照和证书。 + +供应商保证,其不会向公司交付假冒或可疑货物。如果供应商发现或怀疑其交付了假冒或可疑货物,应立即通知公司。经公司要求,供应商应提供可证实受影响物品可追溯性的文件。“假冒或可疑货物”系指属于以下任一情形的材料:(i) 来源或质量标注错误;(ii) 错误标注为新品;(iii) 欺诈性地盖章或标识为按照高标准或认可标准生产;(iv) 构成行业内已知产品的未经授权的仿制品;(v) 供应商以某种方式虚假陈述;(vi) 根据可信证据(包括但不限于目测或检测)受到质疑。该等证据合理地怀疑该部分是否为正品。供应商应就有关假冒或可疑货物的所有索赔杂款公司,包括但不限于公司拆除假冒或可疑货物以及购买和安装替代货物的费用,包括任何重新安装的测试费用。供应商应将本条或同等条款纳入次级分包合同中,该等分包合同在旨在交付将纳入或作为向公司交付的货物的物品。 + +5. 留置权:供应商保证,供应商或代表供应商行事的任何人或根据供应商或通过供应商提出权利主张的任何人不会针对公司、公司的财产或根据合同提供的货物提出任何留置权、产权负担或担保权益。 + +6. 安全:供应商将为生产和交付所售货物提供一切防护设施和预防措施,包括法律所要求的防护设施和预防措施,以防止任何人员或财产发生任何意外、伤亡、死亡、损失或损坏,供应商将对任何该等事件承担全部责任。供应商保证,根据本条款和条件交付的所有货物将符合公司关于安全、性能和其他方面的所有要求,包括但不限于在公司管控的场所进行的任何相关工作或服务方面的要求。供应商同意在根据本条款和条件交付的货物出现任何实际或可能的安全或质量问题时,立即通知公司。 + +7. 公司财产和其部分:公司向供应商提供的或由公司付款的或者公司为其已经或将补偿供应商的任何种类的财产,包括但不限于供应品、材料、工具、夹具、模具、量具、固定装置、模具品、模型、设备及任何其他类似物品,均归公司所有且始终是公司的财产。供应商将标示、标记或以其他方式标识公司财产。供应商应保持该等财产处于良好状况并适当维修,但该等财产成为根据本条款和条件交付的货物的一部分除外。由公司或代表公司提供的,已经或将由供应商处理的材料或部分材料仅出于该等处理目的委托给供应商,并且仍属公司财产。未经公司事先书面同意,供应商不得将公司财产用于除履行合同以外的任何目的。不得与供应商的财产或第三方的财产混在一起,并且不得从供应商场所搬走,也不得改动公司财产。供应商应对提供给供应商的与合同相关的任何公司财产做好充分的记录,这些记录将在公司有要求时可供公司查阅。所有公司对产在由供应商保管或控制期间,其风险将由供应商承担,不附带供应商或第三方的任何留置权、产权负担或担保权益,并且将由供应商维持保险有效,保费由供应商承担,保额为应向公司支付的相关的重置成本。公司的所有财产可随时被公司移走,并在公司要求时归还。供应商承担在其保管或控制公司财产时因使用该等财产而造成的或与之相关的人员伤亡或财产损坏的所有风险。公司不保证任何公司财产的性能,也不保证其提供的任何财产适合用于任何特定工作。在供应商使用公司提供的公司财产之前,供应商全权负责检查、测试和批准所有该等财产,如果第三方试图控制供应商的财产,例如(但不限于)采取强例执行措施,供应商有义务立即通知公司。 + +8. 拒收和撤销接受:公司有权在货物付款、接受或交付之前,在任何合理的地点和时间以任何合理的方式检查货物。在向公司交付任何货物之前对该等货物进行检查、测试、付款或审查或未进行该等检查。测试、付款或审查均不构成接受任何货物,亦不免除供应商严格按照合同及公司规范提供货物的专属责任。如果经公司判断,货物或交货在任何方面不符合合同规定,公司可(i)拒绝全部;(ii)接受全部;或(iii)接受任何商业单位数,并拒收其余部分。供应商同意,公司以任何形式发出的任何不合格通知都足以告知供应商公司根据本条款规定拒收货物,供应商负责承担因不合格而导致的任何损失。除公司可能享有的且所有其他救济之外,根据公司自行决定,供应商还应自费在最初发运货物的公司工厂用合格货物替换有缺陷的货物。只有在公司要求的时限内无法更换或适用法律另 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00043.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00043.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dd80873235cbbefd69b6829d67e8b994acc7a571 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00043.md @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +## 购买条款(2013年8月修订) + +## 1. 定义 + +索赔指产品责任索赔或知识产权索赔。 + +合同指当供应商接受包含此等条款的订单时形成的出售商品的合同、订单和当事人之间有效的任何购买协议。 + +不可扰力指战争、侵略、社会动乱、雷电、地震、特大暴雨、火灾、洪水和/或核、化学或生物污染。 + +商品曾在订单中列出的商品以及所有相关的证书、指示和安全数据的单据。 + +集团公司指当前 Electrocomponents plc 公司集团中的一员。 + +购买协议自双方签订的任何购买协议。 + +知识产权索赔指缘于任何集团公司侵犯或被诉侵犯有关任何商品的任何专利、设计权利、商标或其他知识产权的索赔。 + +订单指 RS 购买订单或购买订单修改。 + +产品责任索赔指认为商品被投入任何合理预见的用途时为不安全的索赔。 + +附录指当事人在相关订单日期之前订立任何协议中所纳入的附录。 + +服务 指供应商提供给 RS 顾客的服务。 + +## 2. 价格 + +供应商以订单或任何附录中规定的,或双方不时书面约定的价格向 RS 出售商品。除非双方另有书面约定,所有的价格包括包装、运费和保险费、交付费用和海关税费,但不包括增值税或任何其他销售税。 + +## 3. 付款 + +RS 将于供应商发票日期当月月末起六十(60)日内或双方书面约定的时间向供应商付款。RS 付款不代表是根据订单接受商品。 + +## 4. 交付、风险和所有权 + +4.1 供应商将按照订单中规定的地点和交付日期交付商品,除非 RS 另有约定,并且必须获得交付所需的所有许可。所交付的商品必须根据任何约定的交付和包装规格进行妥善的包装和固定。 + +4.2 交付的风险和费用由供应商承担。如果商品在交付的过程中被丢失或损坏,RS 可以通知供应商。如是 RS 通知了供应商,供应商应该自费迅速替换或修复丢失或损坏的商品。 + +4.3 商品的所有权应在 RS 支付购买价格或商品被交付给 RS 时转移至 RS,以先发生者为准。 + +## 5.商品的描述 + +5.1 商品的质量、数量和说明必须符合订单或任何约定的产品规格。除非在任何附录中另有约定,商品必须与提供的文档一致,达到任何适用的国家或国际标准,并带有所有相关的检测和测试证书、所有相关的标识和所有相关的警示和安全数据单。 + +5.2 供应商将确认 RS 在全球出售商品或出口商品能力上的任何限制,供应商一旦意识到任何此等限制时应通知 RS,并根据其要求向 RS 提供每一个相关管辖区域的出口管制分类号(如果适用的话)、任何法定的许可、证明或标识。 + +5.3 除了其他法律救济外,RS有权拒绝与上述第5.条1不一致的任何交付。 + +## 6. 商品的质量 + +6.1 商品必须适合其目的。如果存在双方书面约定的任何特定目的,则商品应适合此特定目的。 + +6.2 除了法申中隐含的关于质量的任何条款之外,供应商保证商品为出厂时的崭新状态,具有令人满意的质量,在材料、设计和工艺等方面没有缺陷,所提供的任何安全数据单都符合最佳实践,投入合理使用时是安全的并且符合供应商提供的市场信息、数据单和其他信息。 + +## 7. 保证期间 + +7.1 如果对第 6 条中任何保证的任何违反在商品交付 RS 顾客的日期起十二个月内(或者是在任何附录中规定的此等其他期间)被发现,RS 可以向供应商发出书面通知并将有缺陷的商品退回给供应商,风险和费用由供应商负担。供应商必须自通知后一个月内将购买价和所有的交付费用偿还给 RS。 + +7.2 该第 7 条不限制 RS 对于有缺陷的商品在法律项下可能有的任何其他权利或救济。 + +## 8. 产品责任索赔 + +8.1 供应商应确保商品的设计和制造使得商品在投入合理预见的用途时是安全的,并向 RS 提供足够的安全数据单。 + +8.2 就有关商品或服务的任何和所有产品责任索赔所引起的或以任何方式与之相关的任何和所有责任、程序、花费(包括但不限于法律费用)、损害、损失或支出,包括但不限于与商品维修或替换相关的花费,供应商应全部并且有效地补偿每个集团公司,并将为任何此等商品所支付的价款退还给 RS,以上应受制于下文第 11 条的规定。 + +8.3 如果针对任何集团公司就任何商品提出产品责任索赔,供应商同意将其自己供应商的名字和地址告知给 RS。 + +## 9.产品召回 + +9.1. 如果供应商意识到任何管辖区域中任何相关行业的任何产品召回或其他法律要求,供应商应尽快向RS告知此等要求。如果RS意识到或合理地怀疑商品中有缺陷或商品任何方面未能符合订单、此等购买条款或适用的产品规格,那么RS或任何集团公司可以与召回或有缺陷或不符合要求的物品具有相同描述的商品和任何相关商品。如果RS或集团公司建议进行任何召回,RS将给予供应商通知。RS将与供应商商议最适当的情境,但RS没有义务去发起产品召回以满足供应商的要求。 + +9.2 供应商经要求应有任何集团公司进行产品召回所产生的所有花费补偿给 RS,包括补偿或支付给顾客的费用和赔偿金,以及宣传召回和联系顾客的费用,并将此等商品的价款退还给 RS 或相关的集团公司。 + +## 10.知识产权 +10.1 每个集团公司可以在任何集团公司的目录或其他宣传材料中以任何印刷或电子形式,在世界的任何地方和在任何介质上(无论是现在已知的介质还是在本合约的日期之后发明的介质),无需额外付款而使用由供应商提供给 RS 的与商品相关的供应商(和任何第三方制造商)之商标,装潢、标记、商品图象、说明、数据和所有材料,前提是该等使用应符合供应商(和任何制造商)不时提出的关于商标、装潢和标记使用的合理指示。此等许可将持续到以上所提及的集团产品目录和促销材料(无论是硬拷贝,电子,在线或任何形式)之有效期,即使合约已经终止。 + +10.2 RS 在此授予供应商一个许可,以按照 RS 的不时书面要求在商品上使用 RS 拥有的在附录中规定的商标。供应商没有任何权利注册或使用与 RS 拥有的任何标记相同或类似的任何标记作为商标、域名或商号或用于任何其他未在本协议中规定的目的。 + +10.3 如果商品带有任何集团公司的商标、标记或装潢,未经首先获得 RS 的书面同意,供应商不得将此等商品供应给任何第三方。 + +10.4 供应商保证并声称其有权供应商品并授予第 10.1 条中规定的权利,并会就任何和所有知识产权限制引起的或以任何方式与之相关的任何和所有责任、程序、花费(包括但不限于法律费用)、损害、损失或支出,全部并且有效地补偿每个集团公司,以上应受制于下文第 11 条的规定。 + +## 11. 关于补偿的条款 + +11.1 补偿条款并非旨在限制任何集团公司根据法律就索赔所涉及的商品而可能拥有的任何其他权利或救济。 + +## 12. 反贿赂 + +12.1 供应商应该(并且应确保与其相关的人员以及其他与此协议相关提供商品或服务的人员应该)遵循所有适用的与反贿赂和反腐败相关的法律、法令、规定。包括但不限于《贿赂法2010》(相关要求),并且应: + +(i) 不得(直接或间接)诱使 RS 的任何员工、代理商或分包商就供应商作出任何让步或给予任何利益,避免或停止作出任何举动,以换取任何礼物、金钱或其他好处。 + +(iii) 立即向 RS 报告供应商收到的与本协议之履行相关的、有关任何不当财务好处或其他方面好处的任何类型之任何请求或要求。 + +(iv) 在本协议的期间具有并保持其自己的政策和程序,包括但不限于,足够的程序以确保符合相关要求,并应 RS 要求迅速使其能获得此等政策或向其提供拷贝。 + +(i) 从任何与 RS 或寻求与 RS 有商业交易的任何公司或个人接受超过象征性价值的礼物、贷款、过分的业务招待或其他实质性的好处: + +12.2 业务招待仅在有正当商业目的情况下是可接受的。它应该具有合理性从而使 RS 的员工、代理商或承包商能够回馈。 + +12.3 礼物和业务招待的财务限制包含在 RS 的反贿赂政策中,可按要求提供更进一步的细节。 + +12.4 对本第 12 条的任何违背即是对本协议的重大违约,且无法补救。 + +## 13. 通用条款 + +13.1 如果供应商因为资不抵债而采取或遭受任何法律程序,RS 可以通过书面通知供应商而终止任何或所有的合同和/或任何购买协议,而不构成对任何其他权利或救济的限制。 + +13.2 如果供应商未能遵循此等条款,RS 可以通过书面通知供应商而终止任何或所有的合同和/或任何购买协议,而不负任何责任并且不影响其针对供应商的其他权利和救济。 + +13.3 供应商对由不可抗力引起的向 RS 的交付延迟(不超过 1 个月的期间)不承担责任。前提是供应商应就任何不可抗力迅速通知 RS 不可抗力,并且用其最大努力使不可抗力尽快终止。 + +13.4 除非 RS 明确书面接受,对此等条款作出的任何变动均为无效。 + +13.5 此等条款下的所有通知必须由一级有回执的邮递服务或快递送到订单上的地址,除非已为此目的提供了另一个地址。邮寄或快递发送的通知在发出后第七天生效。 + +13.6 本合同包含了当事人就此主题同意的所有条款。取代当事人之间任何之前的无论口头或书面的协议、理解或安排。 + +13.7 任何购买协议和每个合同均由英国法管辖,当事人接受英国法院的非排他性管辖。但 RS 可以在任何具有管辖权的法院执行合同。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00044.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00044.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f709e331ba46fdb9984e75ea24f6d2c2a224161c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00044.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +## ❷ 我们提供的保障 + +## 2.1 基本保险金额 + +本合同的基本保险金额由您在投保时与我们约定并在保险单上载明。若该金额发生变更,则以变更后的金额为基本保险金额。 + +## 2.2 基本保险金额的变更 + +在本合同有效期内,且本合同尚未进入长期护理保险金领取期间,您可申请变更基本保险金额,经我们同意且在本合同上批注后生效。基本保险金额减少部分视为退保。 + +## 2.3 长期护理状态及认定 + +长期护理状态指自主生活能力持续完全丧失,在无他人扶助情况下,即使使用特殊辅助工具(如轮椅、各种拐杖、助行器等)也无法独立完成六项基本日常生活活动(见11.3)中的三项或三项以上,日常生活持续依赖他人监护和照顾。本合同所约定的长期护理状态,须经本合同约定的医院(见11.4)或鉴定机构(见11.5)鉴定并出具证明。 + +## 2.4 长期护理状态的争议处理 + +若我们、被保险人或相关权利人对医生诊断结果或鉴定结果有异议,则由双方共同指定另外一家本合同约定的医院或鉴定机构进行再次鉴定。 + +## 2.5 保险责任 + +在本合同有效期内,我们承担下列保险责任: + +本公司仅对本合同下的长期护理保险金及疾病身故保险金中的一项承担给付责任。 + +## 等待期 + +自本合同生效日24时起90日及本合同最后一次复效之日24时起90日为等待期。 + +如果被保险人在等待期内被专科医生(见11.6)确诊初次患有本合同约定的任何一种疾病(具体疾病定义见本合同第10.1条),并因此导致被保险人达到本合同约定的长期护理状态,无论达到该长期护理状态之日与生效日(或最后一次复效之日)之间是否间隔超过90日,我们不承担给付长期护理保险金的责任,将无息退还您已缴纳的保险费,同时本合同效力终止。若被保险人因意外事故(见11.7)导致患有本合同约定的任何一种疾病,则不受等待期限制。 + +## 长期护理保险金 + +若被保险人于等待期后被专科医生确诊初次患有本合同所定义的疾病,并因此导致被保险人达到本合同约定的长期护理状态,且该状态不间断持续180天观察期的,自此180天观察期结束后次日起进入长期护理保险金领取期间,我们按您选择的领取方式(除另有指定外,默认为年领)承担给付“长期护理保险金”的责任: + +(1)若选择年领的,从观察期结束后的次日起的首个保单周年日(见11.8)开始,我们在每个保单周年日按本合同基本保险金额给付“长期护理保险金”予被保险人,直至给付次数达到10次,长期护理保险金领取期间结束,本合同效力终止。 + +(2)若选择月领的,从观察期结束后次日起的首个保单周年日开始,我们在每个保单周月日(见11.9)按本合同基本保险金额的十二分之一给付“长期护理保险金”予被保险人,直至给付次数达到120次,长期护理保险金领取期间结 + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00045.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00045.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b6ef7e2ac3b12046dca8c06b6aeb763694d87658 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00045.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +(3)被保险人自本合同成立或者合同效力恢复之日起2年内自杀,但被保险人自杀时为无民事行为能力人的除外; + +发生上述第(1)项情形,被保险人疾病身故的,本合同效力终止,我们将退还本合同的现金价值作为被保险人的遗产。 + +发生上述其他情形,被保险人疾病身故的,本合同效力终止,我们将向您退还本合同的现金价值。 + +除上述责任免除条款外,本合同中还有一些免除我们责任的条款,详见“1.6 犹豫期”、“2.5 保险责任”、“3.2 保险事故通知”、“6.1 效力中止”、“8.2 不如实告知的后果”、“9.1 年龄性别错误”、“10.1 疾病定义”以及“11.4 医院”中灰色背景标注的内容。 + +## ❸ 保险金的申请 + +## 3.1 身故保险金受益人 + +您或者被保险人可以指定一人或多人为身故保险金受益人。 + +身故保险金受益人为多人时,可以确定受益顺序和受益份额;如果没有确定份额,各身故保险金受益人按照相等份额享有受益权。 + +被保险人为无民事行为能力人或限制民事行为能力人的,可以由其监护人指定身故保险金受益人。 + +您或者被保险人可以变更身故保险金受益人并书面通知本公司。本公司收到变更身故保险金受益人的书面通知后,在保险单或其他保险凭证上批注或附贴批单。 + +您在指定和变更身故保险金受益人时,必须经过被保险人同意。 + +被保险人身故后,有下列情形之一的,保险金作为被保险人的遗产,由本公司依照《中华人民共和国继承法》的规定履行给付保险金的义务: + +(1)没有指定身故保险金受益人,或者身故保险金受益人指定不明无法确定的: + +(2)身故保险金受益人先于被保险人身故,没有其他身故保险金受益人的: + +(3)身故保险金受益人依法丧失受益权或者放弃受益权,没有其他身故保险金受益人的。 + +身故保险金受益人与被保险人在同一事件中身故,且不能确定身故先后顺序的,推定身故保险金受益人身故在先。 + +身故保险金受益人故意造成被保险人身故、伤残、疾病的,或者故意杀害被保险人未遂的,该身故保险金受益人丧失受益权。 + +## 3.2 保险事故通知 + +您、被保险人、身故保险金受益人或其他有权领取保险金的人知道保险事故后应当在10日内通知我们。 + +如您、被保险人、身故保险金受益人或其他有权领取保险金的人故意或者因重大过失未及时通知,致使保险事故的性质、原因、损失程度等难以确定的,我们对无法确定的部分,不承担给付保险金的责任,但我们通过其他途径已经及时知道或者应当及时知道保险事故发生或者虽未及时通知但不影响我们确定保险事故的性质、原因、损失程度的除外。 + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00046.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00046.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3e1ebc2c1f3fc0a8a3080c1874cf3e73afad8a77 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00046.md @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +## 3.3 保险金申请 + +在申请保险金时,请按照下列方式办理: + +## 长期护理保险金申请 + +由保险金申请人填写理赔申请表,并凭下列证明、资料原件向我们申请给付保险金: + +(1)被保险人的有效身份证件; + +(2)完整的病史资料(包括门诊病历卡、出院小结等); + +(3)由专科医生出具的疾病诊断书及相关所必需的检查结果证明(如病理检查报告、血液检查报告、超声波、影像学及其它医学诊断检查报告等): + +(4)本合同所列疾病定义中明确要求的其他医疗证明: + +(5) 本合同约定的医院或鉴定机构出具的被保险人达到本合同第2.3条约定的长期护理状态的证明: + +(6)所能提供的与确认保险事故的性质、原因、伤害程度等有关的其它证明和资料。 + +## 疾病身故保险金申请 + +由保险金申请人填写理赔申请表,并凭下列证明、资料原件向我们申请给付保险金: + +(1)身故保险金受益人或其他有权领取保险金的人的有效身份证件; + +(2)1)国家卫生行政部门认定的医疗机构、公安部门或其他有关机构出具的被保险人的死亡证明;2)如被保险人为宣告死亡,须提供法院出具的宣告死亡判决书; + +(3)所能提供的与确认保险事故的性质、原因等有关的其他证明和资料。保险金作为被保险人遗产时,必须提供可证明合法继承权的相关权利文件。 + +以上证明和资料不完整的,本公司将及时一次性通知申请人补充提供有关证明和资料。 + +## 3.4 保险金给付 + +我们在收到理赔申请表及合同约定的证明和资料后,将在5日内(遇法定节假日顺延)作出核定;情形复杂的,在30日内作出核定。对属于保险责任的,我们在与被保险人或身故保险金受益人达成给付保险金的协议后10日内,履行给付保险金义务。 + +我们未及时履行前款规定义务的,除支付保险金外,应当赔偿被保险人或身故保险金受益人因此受到的损失。 + +对不属于保险责任的,我们自作出核定之日起3日内向被保险人或身故保险金受益人发出拒绝给付保险金通知书并说明理由。 + +我们在收到理赔申请表及有关证明和资料之日起60日内,对给付保险金的数额不能确定的,根据已有证明和资料可以确定的数额外先予支付;我们最终确定给付保险金的数额后,将支付相应的差额。 + +## 3.5 失踪处理 + +如果被保险人在本合同有效期内失踪,而且被法院宣告死亡,我们以判决书宣告之日为准,若符合本合同约定的给付保险金情形的,我们将按本合同的约定给付保险金,本合同效力终止。 + +如果被保险人在宣告死亡后重新出现或者确知其没有死亡,身故保险金受益人或者其他领取保险金的人应于知道后30日内向我们退还已给付的保险金。 + +## 3.6 诉讼时效 + +被保险人或其他有权领取保险金的人向本公司请求给付长期护理保险金的诉讼时效期间为2年,自其知道或者应当知道保险事故发生之日起计算。 + +被保险人、身故保险金受益人或其他有权领取保险金的人向本公司请求给付疾 + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00047.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00047.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65156cb24fb9502f383ce3e003dd1f4ee527e7b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00047.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +注意:在您确认投保本保险前,请仔细阅读理解本保险条款的各项规定,尤其是以粗体字标注的免除保险人责任的规定。如有任何疑问,请及时联系本公司业务人员或致电:400-820-8858。 + +## 美亚财产保险有限公司 +## 火灾保险条款 + +## 承保范围 + +鉴于保险单所载明的投保人已向保险单所载的保险公司(以下简称“本公司”)缴付保险单所列的保险费,本公司同意,若被保险财产在保险有效期内,在保险单所列明地点由于火灾、闪电、或使用非工业用途的锅炉或液化气体燃具所引发的爆炸,或因任何在保险单内所列的附加险导致灭失、损毁或损坏(下称损坏),本公司将根据保险合同的规定,向被保险人赔偿被保险财产在发生损失或损毁时的实际价值,或本公司也可选择对受损毁的被保险财产进行修复或重置作为赔偿。 + +在任何情况下,本公司的最高赔偿限额不超过: + +第一:总保险金额或某一项被保险财产在发生损失时的保险金额, + +或 + +第二:保险金额的余额,如果在同一保险期间内被保险财产已遭受损坏并获赔偿后,除非本公司同意保险金额恢复到受损前的水平。 + +## 定义 + +一、事故:指可归因于单一起因的事件或一系列事件。 + +二、恐怖活动:指任何个人或群体为了达到政治、宗教、意识形态或类似的目的而使用武力或暴力和/或威胁手段,企图影响任何政府和/或使公众或部分公众处于恐惧状态,无论该行为是该属于个体行为还是代表任何政府、组织、或与任何政府、组织相关。 + +三、2000年问题:指因涉及2000年日期变更,或在此前、期间、其后任何其他日期变更,包括闰年的计算,直接或间接引起计算机硬件设备、程序、软件、芯片、媒介物、集成电路及其它电子设备中的类似装置的故障,进而直接或间接引起和导致保险财产的损失或损坏问题。 + +## 责任免除 + +除非在本保险合同另有规定,本保险不承保: + +一、由以下事故直接或间接造成的损坏: + +1. 由地震、火山爆发或其它自然界的激变所引致的火灾或爆炸; + +2. 由被保险财产自身特性引致的自然发酵或自我加热; + +3. 被保险财产适用的任何形式的加热程序; + +4. 树林、树丛、草原或森林的焚烧,不论是否为意外,或以火开垦、平整土地, + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00048.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00048.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..55ac65816788e64e39234915c7b0b0fa8c1f8603 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00048.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +5. 政府当局下令烧毁的“财物”: + +6. 暴乱、民众骚乱、罢工工人或被停工工人所引致的损失; + +7. (1)战争、入侵、外敌入侵,敌对行为或类似战争行为(无论宣战与否),内战、叛乱、革命、起义、有可能引起民众造反的民众骚乱、军事叛乱、政变; + +(2) 恐怖活动。 + +本保险亦不承保因任何控制、阻止、镇压或采取任何其它与以上7(1)和/或7(2)有关的措施而直接或间接造成的、或与之相关的损失、损坏及所产生的费用或支出。 + +如本公司根据本条款的规定,认为本保险不承保该损失、损坏或费用,那么证明该损失或损坏属于承保范围的举证责任应由被保险人承担。 + +如果本条的任何部分被视为无效或不能得到强制实施,条款的其他部分仍然有效。 + +8. (1)因财产被合法设立的当局没收、国有化、征用或征收所造成的永久性或暂时性的剥夺;以及根据检疫或海关规定实施的查封或破坏. + +(2)因建筑物被任何人士非法占有所造成的永久性或暂时性的剥夺,但本公司就被保险财产在被剥夺前或本保险另行承保的临时剥夺期间所遭受的损坏,对被保险人承担赔偿责任。 + +9. 任何核武器或核原料; + +10. 任何核燃料或其燃烧产生的核废料所导致的电离、辐射或放射性污染。仅为适用本项的规定,核燃烧应包括任何自发的核裂变过程; + +11. 非本保险承保风险引致的污染; + +12. 火灾发生时或发生后的盗窃行为; + +13. 工业用途锅炉或气体燃料所发生的爆炸; + +14. 霉菌、真菌、孢子; + +二、电力机械、装置或电力设备的任何部分,由于其自身操作过度、负荷过重、短路、自热、电弧、或任何原因的漏电(包括闪电)所造成的自身损坏。 + +三、当被保险财产发生损坏时,除本保险外另有运输险保单承保该财产的损坏;或如果没有本保险单的存在,则将由该运输险保单承保的财产损坏,但损失数额超过运输险保单应负责任的金额(假设无本保险单存在)的部分则不在此限。 + +四、代为保管或受托的货物、金块、银块、未经装镶的宝石、艺术品、手稿、计划书、蓝图或设计、图案、模型、模具、有价证券、债券、文件、邮票、钱币或纸币、支票、会计帐簿、营业记录、电脑系统记录、爆炸性物品。 + +五、任何间接损失或损坏。 + +## 一般条件 + +一、保险合同 + +本保险合同条款、投保申请书、报价单、保险单、批单、批注及其它约定书均为本保险合同的构成部分,且前述投保申请书为订立本保险合同的基础。本保险合同应视作一个整体,其中特别定义的词语的意义及解释均一致。 + +二、免赔额 + +任何一次事故所造成每一项损失应分别在减去受损财产的残值并适用比例分摊原则后,再减去本保险单所载的免赔金额。 + +三、单次事故 + +被保险财产因承保风险在连续72小时内所造成的损失应视为一次事故。 + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00049.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00049.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cdcc86aa8a0dc764b082e17bbdfed783e13d1a74 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00049.md @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +## 交易条款 + +用户(以下称“本供应商”或“本公司”)属森拉天时集团,其法定所在地和主要工厂位于卢森堡)。 + +## 1 一般条款-范围 + +1.1 一般交货和付款条款(以下简称“条款”)仅适用于所有交货和服务(以下单独或共同称为“服务”);除非已书面明确同意其有效性,否则将不承认与本条款有冲突的或不受本条款约束的客户条款。即使其存在冲突条款或客户条款不受本条款约束的情况,或者当客户在提出要求或下订单时提请注意其一般条款的适用性时,在无条件向客户提供服务的前提下,或客户在提出要求或下订单时提请注意其一般条款的适用性,本条款依然适用。 +以下各章中包含的一般条款在所有情况下均完全适用于此类定义的交货和服务。如果与这些条款相抵触,则以以下各章中定义的有关交货和服务的规定为准。 + +1.2 与客户之间为执行协议而进行的所有安排均以书面形式在协议以及这些适用的条款中规定。 + +1.3 本条款仅适用于本公司。 + +1.4 在现有业务关系的框架内,这些条款也适用于后续订单。 + +## 2 报价 + +除另定协议,否则我方报价不受约束。 + +## 3 价格-付款条款 + +3.1 除另定协议,否则交货和我方价格均为“出厂价”(出自《国际贸易术语解释通则2020》),不包括包装和运输成本;后者将另行收费。 + +3.2 我方价格中不包含法定增值税,其会按照开具账单时适用的法定费率单独显示在账单上。 + +3.3 申请折扣需特定书面协议。 + +3.4 除另定协议,否则必须在账单日期后的30天内以净价(无减扣)支付购买价格。如客户违约,我方有权要求按当时的官方基本利率得利率降低9个百分点。 + +3.5 如双方未达成具体协议,则必须按以下方式支付绘图工具和项目定制产品: + +‐ 收到订单并确认后将三分之一款项作为定金: + +‐ 交货时支付三分之一款项: + +‐ 验收后两周内支付三分之一款项。 + +3.6 如客户反诉已确立合法、无争议且已被我方认可,则客户仅有抵消权、保留权和拒绝执行权。此外,仅当客户的反诉基于相同的协议关系时,客户才有权行使保留权。 + +## 4 交货-交货计划表 + +4.1 如客户违约或严重违反任何其他义务,我方将有权要求赔偿由此产生的损失,包括可能产生的额外费用。并保留提出其他索赔的权利。 + +4.2 在遵守本条款规定的前提下,客户拖欠承兑或付款时,其所购货品的意外损失风险将转移至客户。如根据客户要求分派所购货品,则自所购货品移交分派起,风险转移至客户。在所有其他情况下,风险在得所购货品移交客户时转移至客户,或如本公司业绩受承兑影响,则风险在承兑后转移。 + +4.3 如我方由于不可抗力事件无法履行义务,即表明此类事件超出了我方控制范围,我方对此不承担任何责任(例如当局的措施和命令(无论是否有效)、火灾、洪水、暴风雨、爆炸或其他自然灾害、暴乱、战争),履行我方义务的期限将延长导致延误的事件持续的期限,前提是可证实这些事件对货品制造、交付或交易实现影响略小,此类情况也适用于我方供应商而延误交货时。 + +4.4 如未因我方过错而无法及时获得为履行协议订购的正确货品,我方不承担任何责任。 + +4.5 分批交货在合理范围内是允许的。 + +4.6 如无其他协议,则在特定合理情况下,我方有权将交货数量更改±10%,且客户将必须支付实际交货数量款项。 + +4.7 我方会根据规定对交货延期负责,同时考虑这些条款中的规定限制,遵守以下条件:如因人员伤亡、健康或环境或长期担保或采购风险单方面由于疏忽而造成的非强制性延迟交货,则我方对因延迟引起的损失在限制范围内承担责任,每延迟一周,客户可要求收取至多0.5%的费用,而发生延误的交货部分的价格至多可以收取5%的费用。但这并不意味着改变不利于客户的举证责任。客户的撤回权不受此影响。 + +4.8 如客户拖欠承兑汇票,我方有权要求赔偿因延长相关货物的仓储时间而产生的费用,其费用为每个开 + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00050.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00050.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0da52b060518d0464bc36fb6c08ea56cf4630ec4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00050.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +入权、适当人员和工作空间。买方进行审计/检查,或不进行审计或检查,将不会免除卖方的任何义务。 + +10. 损失风险。除非本订单的交货条款另有规定,否则在商品实际交付给买方之前,卖方将承担商品丢失和/或损坏的风险。 + +11. 供应商行为准则。供应商同意遵守嘉吉的《供应商行为准则》,该准则的网址为 https://www.cargill.com/about/supplier-code-of-conduct. + +12. 赔偿。对于(1)任何不合格的产品或服务;(2)因购买、使用或销售贵方提供的产品或服务而产生的任何权利、版权、商标权或其他专有权利的所谓被侵犯、直接或促成侵权或适用;(3)任何材料、物质或化学品在运输或交付时买方或买方场所所发生的任何泄漏或溢出;(4)卖方违反本订单的任何条款或条件;(5)使用任何买方材料或买方保留的任何提供本订单下的任何物料和/或(6)卖方、卖方分包商、员工、代理、代表以及提供本订单下服务的任何人的疏忽行为或作为或故意的不可归因于任何供应商的行为、损失、损害、罚款、处罚、成本及费用(包括合理的律师费),卖方同意赔偿买方、买方关联公司及本公司的董事、高级职员、员工、代理人和代表,并使他们免受影响。在不限制上述规定的情况下,买方可能要求卖方付费重新交付不合格商品或重新提供不合格服务。 + +13. 取消/终止。除适用法律禁止的情况外,买方(i)可在适用商品发运或提供服务之前,书面通知卖方来以任何理由或无理由取消本订单,(ii)如果卖方违反本订单的任何条款或条件,或资不抵债,或正在经历任何破产程序或受破产法的约束,书面通知卖方来立即终止本订单,即使已经发运。 + +14. 不可抗力。如果发生超出合理控制的事件,则各方不履约或推迟履约。主张不履约的一方,必须付出合理的努力来消除其无法履约或推迟履约的原因。主张不履约的一方,必须立即通知另一方该事件,指明该事件的性质及预期持续时间。如果卖方不履约或推迟履约的时间超过二十(20)个日历日,则买方可以书面通知卖方来终止本订单,该终止将在收到通知后立即生效。如果买方终止本订单,则买方的唯一责任是支付卖方在收到订单终止通知前交付的合格商品和服务的任何应付余额。 + +15. 保险。卖方同意,在履行本订单项下义务期间,其应自费维护工人补偿保险和其他法律要求的保险,并符合并满足适用法律的所有要求。 + +16. 管辖法律。中华人民共和国的法律将管辖本订单,无论该辖区内的任何法律冲突规则如何规定。因本订单引起的任何争议将在买方所属管辖区的法院解决。 + +17. 施工者的留置权问题:如果适用,卖方同意遵守适用的施工留置权和施工者的留置权法律。施工留置权和施工者的留置权法律应管辖买方向卖方支付款项。在根据本协议进行最终付款之前,卖方应向买方提供一份法定声明,声明所有分包商、所有卖方和材料员以及适用工人补偿和工作场所安全和保险法律规定的所有评估的款项已全部付讫。 + +18. 公约除外下列国际公约不适用于本订单:(i)《商品销售统一法》和《国际商品销售合同订立统一法》,(ii) 1980年《联合国国际商品销售合同公约》和(iii) 1974年6月14日在纽约缔结的《国际商品销售限制期公约》和1980年4月11日在维也纳缔结的《国际商品销售限制期公约修正议定书》。 + +19. 弃权。买方未行使或延迟行使与本订单有关的任何权利或补救办法,不意味着放弃该权利或补救办法。任何权利或补救办法的放弃必须以书面形式,并由买方签署。 + +20. 转让/分包。未经买方事先书面同意,卖方不得转让或分包其在本订单项下的权利和义务。 + +21. 可分割性。如果任何法院判定本订单的任何条款全部或部分无效、非法或不可执行,则该判定不会影响本订单其余条款或其任何部分的有效性、合法性或可执行性,所有这些条款都将保持完全的效力。 + +22. 语言。双方同意,如果本订单的英文版本与其他语言版本有任何不一致,则以英文版本为准。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00051.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00051.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1ed61f73d13eaea0b71e4ed21e9650eac1ad309d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00051.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +13.2 如在签订合同后,供货商获悉客户营收状况、尤其是其资产状况影响其支付能力时,供货商有权拒绝为客户提供服务或货品,并为客户设定合理期限,使其可多次支付并获得相应分批供货,或者其须提供保证物。客户如拒绝或到期不付款,供货商则有权撤销合同并要求索赔。 + +13.3 如履行合同违反所在国法律或国际法律规定(例如:禁运,美国(再)出口管制条款或其他制裁条款等),则供货商有权撤销合同。该项原则亦适用合同签订后颁布生效的法律法规。 + +## 14. 合规 + +14.1 客户有义务遵守《米巴行为准则》并确保其员工、次级企业及供货商同样遵守《米巴行为准则》。在以下网址可参阅此准则: + +http://www.miba.com/de/coc/ + +《米巴行为准则》的规定被纳入客户与供货商之间的合同。客户确认其对《米巴行为准则》规定的了解,并确认其员工有义务遵守此准则的规定。如果客户的员工做出任何违背此准则的行为,客户将立即通知供货商。客户将支持供货商获得与违背《米巴行为准则》有关的信息。此外,客户有义务遵守其他所有适用法规、规范及其他标准。 + +14.2 对于任何违反在条目7.8、7.9及7.10所提出的出口条例或《米巴行为准则》的行为,供货商有权基于重要原因立即撤销与客户的现有合同。 + +or other insolvency proceedings are opened for Customer's assets or are not opened due to lack of cost-covering assets. + +13.2. If, after the contract has been concluded, it becomes evident that Supplier’s payment claims are in jeopardy due to Customer’s inability to perform, in particular if its assets position has deteriorated, Supplier is entitled to refuse to render performance and to set Customer an appropriate deadline within which it shall render performance in a step-by-step manner [Zug um Zug] against delivery or shall furnish security. If Customer refuses or the deadline passes fruitlessly, Supplier is entitled to withdraw from the contract and demand damages. + +13.3 Supplier is entitled to withdraw from the contract if the fulfillment thereof is prohibited under national or international law (e.g., embargoes, US (re)-export control regulations, other sanction provisions). This also applies to legislation which does not enter into force until after the contract is entered into. + +## 14. Compliance + +14.1 Customer shall comply and ensure that Customer's employees, subcontractors and suppliers are required to comply with the Miba Code of Conduct, which is available on the Internet at: + +http://www.miba.com/en/coc/ + +The Miba Code of Conduct is incorporated by reference into the contract between Customer and Supplier. Customer hereby declares that it is familiar with the Miba Code of Conduct and that it shall ensure that its employees comply with it. Customer shall immediately notify Supplier regarding any activities on the part of its employees which constitute an infringement of the Miba Code of Conduct. Customer shall help Supplier to obtain information relating to any infringement of the Miba Code of Conduct. + +14.2 Any violation of the export provisions named in Section 7.8, 7.9 and 7.10 or of the Miba Code of Conduct shall entitle Supplier to immediately terminate all existing contracts with Customer due to significant grounds. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00052.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00052.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..63cde1577192babcf5afa415e58ab6db36a52860 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00052.md @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +## 砂比科销售条款和条件 + +## V. 1-9-2020 + +## 1. 定义 + +下列定义及解释规则应被适用: + +(a) 卖方:指提供文件的砂比科集团的法人实体。 + +(b) 工作日:指除星期六、星期日或中国法定节假日外,当北京的银行在该日正常营业之日。 + +(c) 买方:指购买或同意购买货物的个人、公司、企业、合伙企业或其他法人实体。 + +(d) 交货日:指在订单中具体的交货日期,如无,则由卖方指定。 + +(e) 文件:指销售货物所需要的要约、报价单、价格表、订单确认函、发票。 + +(f) 货物:指任何由卖方出售的物品。 + +(g) 破产事件:指买方资不抵债,被交由破产管理人进行管理、或者进入行政管理或清算程序、或者中止或停止经营(包括将会被中止或者停止经营)、或者其业务(或其任何部分)被接管、或者关于买方清盘或解散的决议达成、或买方所在的任何司法管辖区发生的任何效果与上述任何一项相同或相似事件。 + +(h) 订单:指由买方发出并由砂比科书面接受的订单,或根据下文第 2(b) 款在货物交付时被视为接受的订单。 + +(i) 矽比科集团:指在全球范围内提供物料解决方案的 SCR-Sibelco NV(作为最终母公司)及其子公司。 + +(j) “包括”一词应被理解为“包括但不限于”。 + +## 2. 货物的订购 + +(a) 买方可以以书面或口头的方式向卖方发出要约订单,该等要约订单将被视为买方根据该文件上载明的条款购买货物的要约。买方应对每个要约订单的准确性负责。 + +(b) 卖方有权无理由拒绝任何要约订单。任何一份要约订单只有在卖方书面确认后才被视为已接受,或者如果早于书面确认,货物(全部或部分)交付给买方时,亦被视为要约订单已被接受。在卖方接受后,应构成由本条款和订单中条款组成的合同(以下简称“合同”)。卖方对要约订单的书面确认文件中,如与本条款不一致,则以书面确认文件的条款为准。 + +(c) 合同条款将取代并排除任何其他条款,适用于买方购买货物。卖方发给买方的任何报价单或其他文件均不构成供应货物的要约,也不构成合同的一部分。卖方目录、技术数据表、价目表、分析以及其他文件和样品中包含的所有说明和声明只是大致的内容,不构成合同的一部分或对卖方构成任何义务,除非合同另有明确规定。 + +(d) 合同构成双方之间的完整协议,并取代并排除之前所有与其交易有关的书面或口头的协议和非正式协议。除非卖方书面同意,否则对这份条款的任何修改或修改均不具有约束力。 + +(e) 在符合第8条(c)项的前提下,买方确认,其不会依赖于任何未在合同约定的(无论是否出于无意还是疏忽)任何声明、陈述、断言或保证的内容,也不会依据前述合同约定以外的内容主张任何权利或救济措施。 + +## 3. 价款与支付 + +(a) 货物对应的应付款项应如订单中所列,如果订单中没有约定相应价款,则价格应以交货日有效的卖方价格清单(经买方要求可提供)为准。 + +(b) 所列价格不包括增值税和与货物的制造、运输、出口、进口、销售或交付有关的任何其他税收、关税或征费,也不包括交付、保险、包装、分类、核准、分析和检验的费用。此类费用和税款应由买方承担。 + +(c) 如果发生了任何超出卖方控制的因素(包括适用法律的变更,税收和关税的增加,外汇波动,供应成本增加,买方造成的延误和/或买方要求的订单变更)和/或卖方的纰漏失误,卖方有权在货物交付前调整货物对应的价款, + +(d) 发票应在交货时或交货后开具,买方应在发票开具后30日内,通过电子银行转账方式支付,并以发票上注明的货币支付。任何疑问必须在收到后10天内以书面形式向卖方提出,卖方可以要求买方在货物交货前先支付部分款项。 + +(e) 在任何法院判决之前和之后,逾期款项的利息均应按照欧洲央行主要再融资利率上浮2个百分点的年化利率收取。该利息对于任何逾期价款,应在应付款到期日后按日计算,直至实际支付逾期价款为止。买方应在支付逾期价款的同时支付该等利息,并且支付卖方从买方收取此类款项所产生的所有费用和开支。 + +(f) 付款时间至关重要。如果买方发生(或有合理可能发生)破产事件,或者买方未能在应付到期日支付全部或部分到期价款,卖方可以暂停货物交付或暂停履行任何尚未完成的订单(或订单的任何部分,任何一期货物的交付),并拒绝接受买方的任何进一步要约订单,且不承担任何责任。 + +(g) 除非法律要求扣除或扣缴税款(在这种情况下,买方应支付该等款项以确保卖方收到开具发票所载的全额款项),否则买方应全额支付所有到期款项,不得扣除、抵销、提出反主张或扣缴任何款项。在不影响卖方任何其他权利或补救措施的情况下,卖方有权在任何时候自行决定,将卖方拖欠买方的款项和买方应付给卖方的款项相互抵销,且卖方有权自己决定将买方支付给卖方的任何款项,指定其目的为支付任何买方所欠到期未付款项,款项的指定顺序由卖方自行决定。 + +## 4. 交付 + +(a) 除非订单中另有约定,货物应按“工厂交货”(EXW)(按 Incoterms$^{®}$ 2020 解释)条件交付(即由买方负责提货与运输,并承担在此过程中的货物风险),货物的交付应被认为在卖方中国场地内发生。 + +(b) 在不损害卖方任何其他权利的情况下,如果(1)买方未能在交货日或之前提 + +供卖方合理要求的所有指示以及交付货物所必要的全部文件、许可、同意和授权(如根据合同约定或法律,买方有义务取得);或(2)买方未能接受卖方进行的交付;或(3)买方未能向卖方提供协助;或(4)因买方原因导致延期或买方主动要求延期的,则: + +(i) 买方将向卖方支付所有运输、储存和等待时间所造成的花费,并赔偿因此遭受的任何其他损失,损害和费用,包括因卖方相应迟延履行或未按合同约定履行义务而导致货物价值减少造成的任何损失; + +(ii) 货物交付将被视为在交货日上午9点整已经完成,相应的发票将被开具; + +(iii) 如果货物在交货日后七天内仍未实际交付,卖方有权转售或以其他方式处置货物。 + +(c) 卖方有权分期交货,在此情况下每期交货应被视为构成单独的合同,相应的发票可以分开开具。 + +(d) 如果卖方同意以按需求分批发货的方式交付货物,则合同双方应在订单中约定订单完成最后期限日并明确订货至交付周期,如果超过订单完成最后期限日订单仍未完成,则卖方有权在任何时间要求买方立刻接受订单尚未完成数量货物的货物交付,并且有权向买方开具相应的发票。 + +(e) 对买方而言交货日(包括交货时间)不构成合同的关键性条件,仅为估计量。即使发生交货延迟或不能依约交货,卖方不会因此向买方承担任何责任。同时,买方无权拒绝任何因交货延迟或不能依约交货而导致的任何货物交付或分期交付,即使该等交付发生在交货日后。买方唯一享有的补救措施是要求卖方退还未交付货物的预付款,一旦卖方书面确认其无法交付货物,该等预付款即应被退还。 + +(f)买方应遵守任何其它主权机构或当局关于出口管制、出口法律、限制、法规(出口法规)的一切适用的国内和国际要求。 + +(g) 买方同意不出口或不允许转口或向受限或禁运国家的公民或被出口当局或出口法规的受限制方列为人、实体或航运公司放行,违反任何出口法规的任何类型的技术数据、信息或任何货物,除非且直至从主管出口机关取得所有需要的许可和授权。 + +## 5. 所有权及风险转移 + +(a) 在遵守相关适用法律的前提下,货物风险将在交付时转移给买方。 + +(b) 尽管货物交付完成,货物的所有权只有在下列各种情况中最先发生时转移给买方:(i)卖方收到货物全部对应款项的支付,在该种情况下所有权将在支付完成时转移;(ii)买方使用、处理(该情况下将使得货物不再处于它们原始的状态)或出售货物,该种情况下所有权转移的时间将根据第5条(d)项约定确定;(iii)卖方书面通知买方所要求的时间。 + +(c) 在货物所有权转移给买方前,买方: + +(i) 应当将货物独立地储存,并且标记或标识该等货物,以显示该等货物属于卖方: + +(ii) 不得对该等货物进行抵押、质押或者设置担保; + +(iii) 如果买方发生任何破产事件,立刻通知卖方: + +(iv) 提供买方不时要求的有关货物的信息; + +(v) 根据卖方的要求,交出任何处于买方占有下的货物;以及 + +(vi) 允许卖方,并且授予卖方一个不可被撤销的许可,使卖方有权进入任何货物储存的场所(在任何时间且无需通知)以检查和/或收回货物。 + +(d) 在遵守第 5 条(e)项约定的前提下,买方可以在所有权转移之前在日常经营过程中使用或加工(该种加工将使得货物不再处于它们原始的状态)货物或予以出售货物;然而,如果买方按照前述款项对货物进行了使用、加工或者出售,则(i)买方应以自己的名义而非卖方代理人的名义进行,并且(ii)相关货物的所有权将在买方进行相关使用,或处理,或出售前立刻转移给买方。 + +(e) 如果在所有权转移给买方前,买方发生破产事件,在不影响卖方任何其他权利与可获得救济的情况下,买方在日常经营状态下所拥有的使用、加工和出售货物的权利将被立刻终止,并且卖方有权在任何时间(i)要求买方交出全部处于其占有下的货物;(ii)进入任何货物存放的场所并且取回货物。 + +## 6. 数量与重量 + +货物在交付前应在卖方场所使用经认证的设备进行称重,测量所得重量数据将是货物最终且具有约束力的重量数据。买方无权就货物重量异议,也无权以货物重量不足或短缺二拒绝接受货物。卖方最终交付货物量相较于买方订购货物量可以最多上浮或下降10%,开具的发票及买方应支付的货款应按卖方实际交付的货物量调整。 + +## 7. 缺陷责任 + +(a) 卖方保证,货物在交付时应在所有重要方面符合订单中或相关发票上引用的产品规格(如未引用,则以交货时有效的相关产品规格为准,买方如要求,相关文本可被提供)(以下简称“产品规格”)。 + +(b) 尽管有第 7 条(a)项的规定,买方有责任验证确保货物符合其目的,并且在使用货物前进行测试,在该方面卖方对买方不承担任何责任。 + +(c) 对于任何在重大方面不符合产品规格(以下简称“缺陷”)的情况,买方必须在下列期限内以书面形式通知卖方:(i)如果该缺陷可以被直接观察或应该被直接观察发现,则应在买方收到货物后的两个工作日内通知;或(ii)在任何其他缺陷的情况下,在不迟于发现缺陷的日期后一个月内,且在任何情况下,不迟于货物交付之日起60天内,且在切实可行的范围内应尽早通知。卖方应有合理的机会检查货物,买方应根据卖方要求将此类货物运回卖方,运回所发生费用由卖方承担。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00053.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00053.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a3e256cd848b7bfceedf79c00fd823cf0a2d5943 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00053.md @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +## 一般采购条款与条件 Sibelco 集团 + +## 1. 定义 + +“SIBELCO”是指下订单的Sibelco集团的法律实体。 + +“货物”是指订单中所述的货物(包括任何一批货物或部分货物)、原材料和/或贸易货物。 + +“订单”是指SIBELCO的货物的货物和/或相关服务(如有)的采购订单、以及规格书。 + +“原材料”是指在Sibelco生产过程中用于制造Sibelco产品的外部采购的天然、合成或辅助材料。 + +“卖方”是指接受订单的实体。 + +“服务”是指订单中所述的服务(如有)。 + +“Sibelco 集团”是指以 SCR-Sibelco NV 为最终母公司的全球材料解决方案公司及其子公司。 + +“规格”是指订单中列明或订单随附的货物和/或(相关)服务(如有)的说明/规格。 + +“标准”是指第14条(环境、健康与安全、劳动和社会标准)中定义的标准。 + +“条款”是指本一般采购条款与条件。 + +“贸易货物”是指在外部生产并再次销售而不做进一步加工的原材料。 + +## 2.订单 + +2.1 订单为 SIBELCO 根据本条款采购商品和/或服务的要约。订单一经卖方接受,便对卖方具有约束力。 + +2.2 除非得到 SIBELCO 事先书面同意,否则卖方的供货条件或对本条款的任何修改均为无效。卖方一旦接受订单,特此明确同意其自身的供货或销售条件不适用于任何订单。卖方与 Sibelco 之间的所有货物销售和/或服务提供应仅受订单条款和本条款的管辖。 + +2.3 订单修订必须由卖方和SIBELCO书面接受。 + +2.4 如果订单与本条款之间存在任何不一致之处,应以订单为准。 + +## 3. 数量、质量、遵守法律方面的保证 + +3.1 卖方向 SIBELCO 保证: + +(a) 货物和/或服务的数量、质量和规格将按照订单中规定或由SIBELCO书面同意。 + +(b) 卖方应遵守有关货物制造、包装、销售和交付和/或服务履行的法所有适用法律法规。 + +(c) 货物和/或服务将适用于 SIBELCO 下订单时提出的、或告知卖方的目的。 + +(d) 货物、其出口、进口、使用或转售,以及服务、其履行或接受情况不会侵犯任何第三方的知识产权。 + +(e) 服务将由具备资格且经过培训的人员尽职尽责地执行,并且至少应符合公认的行业标准和 SIBELCO 的健康与安全标准。 + +(f) 卖方没有、也不会就订单向 SIBELCO 的任何员工提供任何礼物。 + +(g) 货物中不存在杂质,也不存在石棉纤维,并且不含任何高度关注物质 (SVHC)。 + +3.2 除非另有书面约定,否则保证期将从向 SIBELCO 交付货物或 SIBELCO 接受服务之日起两 (2) 年后终止。 + +## 4. 交付时间 + +4.1 货物和/或服务必须在订单中规定的日期交付。时间至关重要。SIBELCO有权拒绝接受未在订单规定日期交付的货物和/或服务。此外,在任何提前或延迟交付的情况下,SIBELCO可以取消订单,而不放弃寻求其其他补救措施。 + +4.2 一旦卖方意识到任何提前交付或交付延迟,应立即书面通知SIBELCO,说明原因和预期提前交付日期或延迟的持续时间(视情况而定)。 + +## 5. 所有权与风险转移 + +货物灭失或损坏的风险应根据订单中规定的约定交付条款(INCOTERMS 2020)转移。所有权应在交货时立即转移,除非在货物交付前支付货款,在此情况下,一旦付款后,所有权应转移给SIBELCO。 + +## 6. 包装与标记 + +6.1 卖方应按照以下规定进行货物的包装、标记和发运: + +(i) (i)SIBELCO 的指示;(ii)《全球化学品统一分类和标签制度》(“GHS”);(iii)适用的国内和国际法规;(iv)一般公认行业准则;以及(v)安全数据表。 + +6.2 所有货物均应适当包装,以防止运输和/或储存过程中发生损坏和污染(包括但不限于潮湿、生锈、湿气、腐蚀和震动造成的损坏)。 + +6.3 危险货物必须在所有包装和文件上有明显的警告。 + +6.4 除非另有书面约定,否则 SIBELCO 无义务将货物的任何包装或包装材料返还给卖方。 + +## 7.缺陷通知 + +若 SIBELCO 发现货物/服务存在任何缺陷,应在合理的期限内(不少于 14 天)通知卖方。 + +## 8. 责任与赔偿 + +8.1 在不限制其他补救错数的情况下,如果未按照订单交付任何货物和/或服务,则 SIBELCO 有权: + +(a) 要求卖方在 7 日内按照订单维修/重新供应货物和/或服务,并且 SIBELCO 不承担任何费用;以及/或 + +(b) 自行决定取消订单,并要求补偿因从任何第三方处购买货物和/或服务而发生的价款和费用以及额外费用,即使先前已经要求卖方维修/重新供应货物和/或服务。 + +8.2 对于 SIBELCO 遭受或蒙受的有关以下方面的所有索赔、损害赔偿、责任;直接、间接以及后果性损失、费用和支出,卖方应向 SIBELCO 作出赔偿: + +(a) 卖方违反其保证或本条款中规定的条件; + +(b) 声称货物、其出口、进口、使用或转售,或服务、其履行或接受情况侵犯任何第三方的知识产权; + +(c) 卖方或其员工、代理人或分包商在供应或交付货物/服务中的任何作为或不作为。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00054.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00054.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d7f7df674fc7b56d324786ddb7ef17be2a2d900e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00054.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +以下译文仅供参考。如果本译文与最后更新的英文版本之间存在差异、不一致或冲突(包括由于翻译延误),则以英文版本为准。 + +创建自己的相关名称或标语(例如:“ONE STOP”、“JUST WALK”、“WALK OUT”、“JUST WALK OFF”、“SIMPLY WALK OUT”或“JUST RUN OUT”);或(b)在解释此项技术时,使用身份和结账名称或类似的变体进行描述性说明(“just walk off” [直接取走]、“simply walk out” [直接拿走]或“just pop out” [取货出门])。在句子或其他文本中提及身份和结账名称时,您应使用“技术”或“购物”等词语(例如:“AMAZON ONE 技术”、“JUST WALK OUT 技术”或“JUST WALK OUT 购物”)。 + +9. 徽标显示。AWS 将提供 AWS 标识的徽标图像,以供您用于许可的用途。您不得以任何方式更改徽标图像,包括但不限于更改 AWS 标识的比例、颜色或字体,或在图像中添加或从中移除任何元素。AWS 标识必须单独显示,徽标图像的每一侧与其他视觉、图形或文本元素之间必须有合理的间距。在任何情况下,均不得将 AWS 标识置于妨碍徽标图像可读性或显示的任何背景上。您应遵守 AWS 提供的任何相关图形标准。 + +10. 商业外观。您不得模仿任何 AWS 网站的商业外观或“外观和感觉”,包括但不限于品牌、颜色组合、字体、图形设计、产品图标或与 AWS 相关的其他元素。 + +11. 域名:URL。您不得注册包含 AWS 标识的任何域名,包括任何变体或修改版,或在子域名中使用任何 AWS 标识。但是,您可以在 URL 路径或子目录(例如:www.YourDomain.com/aws)中使用 AWS 标识,但仅限于与 AWS 相关的内容,而且前提是此类使用符合本指南。 + +12. 专有权利:商誉。您承认,AWS 标识的所有权利均归 AWS 单独所有,通过您使用 AWS 标识产生的所有商誉仅以 AWS 为受益人。本指南中的任何内容均不得解释为对 AWS 标识的任何权利、所有权或权益的转让,但本指南中授予的有限许可除外。您不得做出任何与 AWS 对 AWS 标识的权利或所有权相冲突的行为。您不得试图注册任何商标、服务标志、商品名称、徽标、域名或包含 AWS 标识的其他名称。 + +13. 合理使用。AWS 不反对第三方合理使用其标识,只要此类使用不会对客户造成混淆。任何此类使用均应仅采用纯文本(无徽标),并用于作出真实的事实陈述。合理使用不允许您声明或暗示与 AWS 有关系联署,或得到 AWS 的赞助或认可。如果您想在自己的产品、服务或活动中提及 AWS,请使用以下格式: + +• 格式:[您的品牌或使用案例] [关系措辞] [AWS 标识] + +• 示例:您的应用程序用于 Amazon S3 + +注:您可以使用以下任何关系措辞来替换“用于”,只要该词语与AWS标识一起使用时是准确的:“与……一起使用”、“与”、“与……兼容”、“与……搭配使用”、“在……基础上构建”、“使用……一起构建”、“在……基础上开发”、“使用……开发”等。 + +14. 付费搜索广告。AWS 限制第三方在所有搜索引擎上使用商标,并将仅授权在任何 AWS Partner Paths 中处于验证阶段的 AWS 合作伙伴在付费搜索广告中使用 AWS 标识。请联系您的 APN 合作伙伴开发经理以申请授权。 + +15. 第三方出版物。在大多数情况下,AWS 不提供在第三方出版物(包括屏幕截图、图表、代码、文档或其他受版权保护的材料)中使用 AWS 内容的许可或其他授权。但是,AWS 不反对出于教育或非营利目的对此类材料进行有限的合理使用。 + +16. 联系信息。如果您对本 AWS 商标指南中规定的义务有任何疑问,或对任何 AWS 标识有任何问题,请联系 trademarks@amazon.com。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00055.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00055.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f447b7e0775493980342dd7abf75d8bab5ded315 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00055.md @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +以下译文仅供参考。如果本译文与最后更新的英文版本之间存在差异、不一致或冲突(包括由于翻译延误),则以英文版本为准。 + +## 17. AWS 标识(非详尽清单): + +Amazon Web Services + +AWS + +Amazon AppStream + +Amazon Athena + +Amazon Aurora + +Amazon Bedrock + +Amazon Braket + +Amazon Chime + +Amazon CloudFront + +Amazon CloudSearch + +Amazon CloudWatch + +Amazon CodeCatalyst + +Amazon CodeGuru + +Amazon CodeWhisperer + +Amazon Cognito + +Amazon Comprehend + +Amazon Connect + +Amazon Corretto + +Amazon DataZone + +Amazon Detective + +Amazon DevOps Guru + +Amazon DevPay + +Amazon Direct Connect + +Amazon DynamoDB + +Amazon EKS + +Amazon Elastic Beanstalk + +Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud + +Amazon EC2 + +Amazon Elastic Container Service + +Amazon ECS + +Amazon ElastiCache + +Amazon EventBridge + +Amazon FinSpace + +Amazon FSx + +Amazon GameLift + +Amazon GameSparks + +Amazon Glacier + +Amazon GuardDuty + +Amazon Honeycode + +Amazon Inspector + +Amazon Kendra + +Amazon Keyspaces + +Amazon Kinesis + +Amazon Lex + +Amazon Lightsail + +Amazon Lookout + +Amazon Macie + +Amazon Mechanical Turk + +Amazon MemoryDB + +Amazon Monitron + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00056.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00056.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..918a1a30968daf89178176f08175a3cd120b2588 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00056.md @@ -0,0 +1,162 @@ +## General Terms and Conditions of Purchasing + +Applicable to all supply contracts between suppliers ("Supplier") and Knott-Brenton ("Purchaser"). + +## 1. Applicable Terms + +1.1 The legal relationship between the Supplier and the Purchaser shall be governed by the following Terms and Conditions of Purchasing (hereinafter "Terms"). + +1.2 Any conflicting Terms and Conditions of the Supplier are hereby expressly excluded. + +1.3 The unconditional acceptance of the goods or services (hereinafter consistently referred to as "goods/services") or payment by the Purchaser shall in no case constitute acceptance of the Terms and Conditions of the Supplier. + +1.4 The Terms shall also apply for all future transactions with the Supplier. + +## 2. Ordering + +2.1 All contracts for delivery (purchase orders and confirmations) and release orders shall require the written form. Purchase and release orders may also be sent in text form (fax, e-mail, EDI, Internet EDI). + +2.2 Any verbal agreements after conclusion of the contract or any collateral agreements require the written confirmation of the Purchaser. + +2.3 The Supplier's quotations/cost estimates shall be binding and free of charge. + +2.4 THE PURCHASER MAY DEMAND REASONABLE CHANGES OF THE GOODS/SERVICES IN TERMS OF CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN. The consequences of such changes, in particular with regard to additional or lower costs and delivery dates, shall be mutually and reasonably regulated between the parties. + +2.5 Should the Supplier fail to accept an individual order within two weeks of the order date, the Purchaser shall be entitled to cancel the order. + +2.6 Should these Terms be integrated into a framework agreement, an individual contract that is based on this framework agreement also comes into existence if the Supplier does not subject immediately and justifiably, the date stated in the release under shall be met. + +2.7 THE PURCHSER'S "QUANTY MANAGEMENT DIRECTIVE FOR PROCUREMENT" SHALL BE AM INTEGRAL PART OF THE DELIVERY CONTRACT. + +## 3. Prices, Payment + +3.1 Without special agreement, all prices are "delivered duty paid" (DDP according to Incoterms 2000) including packaging. Should the Supplier undertake installation or assembly, he shall, falling a written agreement to the contrary, bear all necessary additional costs. + +3.2 Unless otherwise agreed, the Purchaser shall pay within 90 days of the claim for payment and after receipt of a due invoice as well as receipt of the goods/services. ANY PAYMENT IS SUBJECT TO INVOICE VERIFICATION. + +3.3 Should early delivery of the goods and services (hereinafter referred to as "consignment") be accepted, any claim for payment shall become due not earlier than on the agreed date of payment, in case of doubt not earlier than the agreed delivery date. The right to assert compensation claims for additional costs, in particular with regard to storage costs is reserved. + +## 4. Delivery and Delivery Rates, Late Delivery, Penalty + +4.1 Any agreed delivery dates and terms shall be binding. Decisive for on-time delivery shall be the date the goods are received at the delivery address (place of performance) agreed with or designated by the Purchaser. Failing an agreement to the contrary, delivery shall be made "delivered duty paid" (DDP) according to Incoterms 2002). In all other respects the Supplier shall coordinate delivery with the carrier of the Purchaser. + +4.2 Portal deliveries and early deliveries are not permitted unless expressly agreed to in writing by the Purchaser. + +4.3 Acceptance of late deliveries without reservation shall not be deemed to be a waiver of any claims to which the Purchaser is entitled due to late delivery. + +4.4 Should the agreed delivery dates not be met, the statutory provisions shall apply. Should the Supplier anticipate diffi- culties that may prevent him from delivering on time or in the agreed quality, he shall notify the Purchaser thereof immediately, stating the reasons. IN ADDITION, THE PURCHASER SHALL BE ENTITLED TO DEMAND PAYMENT OF LIGUID-TED DAMAGES AND UNTING TO 0.5% OF THE VALUE OF THE LATE GOODSVERWCES PER STARTED WEEK OF DELAY UP TO A MAXIMUM OF 5% OF THE ENTIRE VALUE OF THE ORDER. THE UDIDATED DAMAGES SHALL BE SET OFF AGAINST ANY CLAIMS FOR DAMAGES DUE TO LATE DELIVERY. + +4.5 The Supplier shall bear the performance risk until acceptance of the Purchaser or his agent at the location, to which the goods shall be delivered in accordance with the contract. + +4.6 THE SUPPLIER SHALL NARRANT A THOROUGH INSPECTION OF OUTGOING GOODS TO ENSURE DEFECT-FREE DELIVERY. An inspection of incoming goods only takes place with respect to outwardly visible defects and/or deviations in kind or quantity if the goods. Notice of defects will be given as soon as those are determined in the ordinary course of business. INSDFAR THE SUPPLIER INNAIVES OBJECTION OF LATE NOTIFICATION. + +4.7 The Purchaser shall have the unrestricted, inevitable and within the Knorn-Bremse Group freely transferable right to use any software included in the scope of delivery, including any after-date documentation, in accordance with the intended use of the goods/services under the contract. He may also make a safety copy thereof without any express agreement. + +4.8 If required and on demand of the Purchaser, the parties will agree to the establishment of a consignment warehouse. + +## 5. Secrecy + +5.1 Any information made accessible by the Purchaser shall not be disclosed to third parties insofar as it is not demoisably known to the public. The information remains the exclusive property of the Purchaser and shall only be made available to those employees within the Supplier's company that are necessary in the performance of the contract and who have been put under an obligation to secrecy themselves. With the exception of deliveries to the Purchaser, such information may not be duplicated or used for commercial purposes without the prior written approval of the Purchaser. On request of the Purchaser, all information originating with the Purchaser, no matter what kind or in what form, shall be immediately and completely returned to the person destroyed in connection with a written declaration to that effect. + +5.2 The Purchaser reserves all rights in such information, including copyright and the right to intellectual property applications, to similar as the Purchaser has acquired such information from third parties, this reservation also applies for the benefit of such third parties. + +5.3 The Supplier may neither use his/her nor offer or deliver any products to third parties that have been instru-fiactured on the basis of the Purchaser's documents, drawings, models and the like or on the basis of confidential specifications of the Purchaser or by means of his tools or copies thereof. This shall correspondingly also apply for printing orders. +5.4 The contracting parties may only use their business connection for advertising purposes with the prior written consent of the other party. + +## 6. Inventories, Industrial Property Rights + +6.1 The Supplier hereby grants the Purchaser a free, transferable right of use without restriction as to territory or time in any know-how and inventions of the Supplier that are capable of being protected and an which the goods/services are based or in which these are embedded or which have come into being through development processes during the contractual relationship. The Supplier shall organically ensure that he can meet this obligation to grant the right of use. +6.2 THE SUPPLIER IS AIMARE THAT THE PRODUCTS OF THE PURCHASER ARE BEING USED WORLD-WIDE. HE UNDERTAKES TO IMMEDIATELY NOTIFY THE PURCHASER OF ANY USE OF PUBLISHED AND UNPUBLISHED, OWN AND LICensed INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND PATENT APPLICATIONS REGARDING THE GOODS/SERVICES. + +## 7. Packaging, Delivery Notes, Invoice, Country of Origin of Goods + +7.1 The goods shall be packaged according to the provisions of the packaging handbook of the Purchaser. + +7.2 The Purchaser shall be provided with a delivery note and a separate invoice regarding each consignment. These must contain the Supplier number, date and number of the order and/or release order and purchase agreement, quantity and material number, number and date of the delivery note, gross and net weights listed separately; additional data of the Purchaser (e.g. point of discharge) as well as the agreed price per unit. A packing slip with a list of contents and order number must be enclosed with each consignment. + +7.3 Should the invoice refer to several different orders, the information under 7.2 shall be listed separately for each order. The invoice may only refer to the delivery notice. + +7.4 The Supplier shall provide the Purchaser with evidence of the country of origin of the goods by reabsorption of proof of preference or certificate of origin. The Purchaser shall be notified immediately of any change in the country of origin without prior request. The Supplier shall indemnify the Purchaser from all costs arising as a result of false, incomplete or incorrect statements or documents regarding the country of origin of the goods. + +## 采购一般性条款与条件 + +适用子层有供货方|“供货方”)与克诺尔|“采购方”)订立的供应合同。 + +## 1. 适用条款 + +1.1 供货方与采购方之间的法律关系应受以下采购条款与条件(以下简称“本条款”)之调整。 + +1.2 供货方的任何相抵触的条款与条件在北项确地予以排除。 + +1.3 无条件接受货物或服务(以下统称为“货物/服务”)或采购方付款在任何情况下不应认为是对供货方条款与条件的接受。 + +1.4 本条款应一并适用所有将来与供货方发生的交易。 + +## 2. 订货 + +2.1 所有支付合同(订货单和确认)以及发货单应以书面形式订立。订货单以及发货单亦可以文本形式发送(传真、电子邮件、电子数据交换、网络电子数据交换)。 + +2.2 合同订立后的任何口头协议或任何附属协议应取得采购方书面确认。 + +2.3 供货方的组合单/费用预估应具有的卖力并且负责提供。 + +2.4 针对建造和设计,采购方可以要求对货物/服务作合理变更。该等变更,特别是涉及增加或减少费用以及交付日期的,应当由双方共同予以合理规定。 + +2.5 若供货方在定单日后二周内仍未能接收该个别定单,采购方有权取消该定单。 + +2.6 若本条款被纳入一份框架协议中,只要供货方并未立即且以合理理由提出反对,则基于该项框架协议所订之单项合同亦应成立;应按照相关发货单内所述日期发货。 + +2.7 采购方之《采购质量管理指导》应作为交付合同的整体组成部分。 + +## 3. 价格、支付 + +3.1 除特别的室外、原有价格应为“完税后交货”(根据《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》术语DDP)包括包装费用,若缺货方承诺安装或装配,除非另有相反的书面协议,其应承担所有必须的额外费用。 + +3.2 除非另有约定,采购方应当在供货方要求其付款日后九十天内,并在收到正式发票及表取货物/服务之后,支付款项,支付任何款项前须经发票确认。 + +3.3 若货物和服务的提前交付(以下简称“青存”)被接受,任何付款请求不应早于约定的付款日时(若有疑问,不应早于约定的交付日期),就额外费用提出赔偿请求的权利,尤其是涉及仓储费用的,应当予以保留。 + +## 4. 交付及交付日期、延迟交付、押金 + +4.1 任何约定的交付日期以及条款应具有约束力,准时交付应以货物于约定的或采购方指定的交付地点(履行地)由采购方接收为准,若无相反约定,交付应以“完税后交货”(根据《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》术语 DOP 进行,在其他所有情况下,供货方应当与采购方的承运人配合交货。 + +4.2 除非采购方以书面形式明确同意,不允许部分交付和提前交付。 + +4.3 无保留地接受延迟交付不应被视为采购方放弃任何其因延迟交付而提出索赔的权利。 + +4.4 若未能按约定日期交付,应适用法定条款,若供货方遇见其将遭受不能据付交付或不能以的定质量交付的情况,其应立即通知采购方,并告知理由。此外,采购方有权要求供货方支付违约赔偿金,该违约赔偿金的金额为自延迟交付期始每周支付延迟交付货物/服务价款0.5%,但最高不超过订单总价的5%。违约赔偿金应可抵销任何由延迟交付引起的损害赔偿请求。 + +4.5 直至采购方或其代理商在合同的定的交付地点接收货物/服务,供货方应承担履行风险。 + +4.6 供货方应保证对待发货货物进行彻底检验以确保其无瑕疵交付。对待农货物的检验仅就外部可见瑕疵和/或种类或数量偏差方面进行,若通常业务运作中一旦判定存有瑕疵采购方将就此立即做出通知,在此情况下,供货方放弃对延迟通知的异议权。 + +4.7 根据合同项下货物/服务的原定用途,采购方有权不受限制地,不可撤销地并在 Knorr-Bremse 集团内可自由转让地使用任何在交付范围内的软件,包括任何所涉文件,并且无须任何明确同意,其有权安全复制该等文件。 + +4.8 如必须并经采购方要求,双方将同意建立一处寄存仓库。 + +## 5、保密 + +5.1 采购方所提供的任何资料,但凡不能为公众确然得知的,不得向第三方披露。该资料仍是采购方专有财产,仅提供给履行合同必要的供货方公司员工,并且该员工有保密义务,除交付给采购方外,未取得采购方书面同意的情况下,该等资料不得被复制或供商业用途使用,经采购方索要,所有采购方原创的资料,不论种类与形式,应予以立即且完整地返还采购方,或根据书面声明而被销毁。 + +5.2 采购方保留对该等资料的全部权利(包括版权和知识产权申请权)。只要采购方已经从第三方处获取该等资料,则本保留权利同样适用于第三方以保护其利益。 + +5.3 供货方不得自行使用亦不得向第三方提供或交付任何基于采购方的文件、图纸、模型以及类似资料及其复本,或基于采购方保密规则,或依靠采购方设备或复本而生产的产品,本条款亦相应适用于印制定单。 + +5.4 合同各方需仅在提前取得对方书面同意的情况下,为宣传目的使用其业务关系。 + +## 6. 发明、工业产权 + +6.1 供货方在此授予采购方对于供货方任何可以被保护的、或货物/服务是基于其的、或包含在此内的,或在合同关系中开发过程期间而产生的专有技术及发明之免费的,可转让的使用权,并不受地域或时间的限制,供货方应在组织上保证履行其授予使用权的义务。 + +6.2 供货方了解采购方的产品在全球范围内被使用,供货方保证其将立即通知采购方任何涉及货物/服务的、公开及未公开的、拥有的及被授权的工业产权以及专利申请的使用。 + +## 7. 包装、交货通知单、发票、货物原产地 + +7.1 货物应按附采购方包装手册的规定进行包装。 + +7.2采购方应就每次托诺被提供一份交货通知单以及单独的发票,其中必须包括供货方编号,订单和/或发货单和购买协议的日期及编号、数量及物料编码、交货通知单的日期及编码,分别列明毛重及净重,采购方的附加资料(例如:卸货地点及约定单位价格,每次托诺须附随包含货物目录清单及订单号的装箱单。 + +7.3 如果单张发票对应几份不同的订单,则7.2项下所述资料应按每个订单分列。发票可仅对应交货通知单。 + +7.4 供货方应向采购方提供货物原产地证明(货物的优先证明或货物的原产地证明书)。无需事先要求,采购方应被立即告知任何原产地变动,供货方应向采购方赔偿所有由于货物原产地失实、不完整或不正确陈述或文件所造成的损失。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00057.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00057.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d668bd257ea0ead2b844f561c35d44873ea0eba9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00057.md @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +## 国内水路、陆路货物运输保险条款 + +请仔细阅读整份保险单,尤其是以下划线标注免除本公司责任的条款内容。 + +## 第一章 总则 + +## 第一条 + +为使保险货物在水路、铁路、公路和联合运输中,因遭受保险责任范围内的自然灾害或意外事故所造成的损失能够得到经济补偿,并加强货物运输的安全防损工作,以利商品流通,特举办本保险。 + +## 第二章 保险责任 + +## 第二条 + +本保险分为基本险和综合险两种。保险货物遭受损失时,保险人按承保险别的责任范围负赔偿责任。 + +(一) 基本险: + +1. 因火灾、爆炸、雷电、冰雹、暴风、暴雨、洪水、地震、海啸、地陷、崖崩、滑坡、泥石流所造成的损失: + +2. 由于运输工具发生碰撞、搁浅、触礁、沉没、出轨或隧道、码头坍塌所造成的损失; + +3. 在装货、卸货或转载时,因遭受不属于包装质量不善或装卸人员违反操作规程所造成的损失, + +4. 按国家规定或一般惯例应分摊的共同海损的费用: + +5. 在发生上述灾害、事故时因纷乱而造成货物的散失以及因施救或保护货物所支付的直接、合理的费用; + +(二)综合险: + +本保险除包括基本险责任外,保险人还负责赔偿: + +1. 因受震动、碰撞、挤压而造成破碎、弯曲、凹瘪、折断、开裂或包装破裂致使货物散失的损失: + +2. 液体货物因受震动、碰擦或挤压指使所用容器(包括封口)损坏而渗漏的损失或用液体保藏的货物因液体渗漏而造成保藏货物腐烂变质的损失: + +3. 遭受盗窃或整件提货不着的损失: + +4. 符合安全运输规定而遭受雨淋所致的损失。 + +## 第三条 + +保险责任的起讫期,是自签发保险凭证和保险货物离起运地发货人的最后一个仓库或储存处所时起,至该保险凭证上注明的目的地的收货人在当地的第一个仓库或储存处所时终止。但保险货物运抵目的地后,如果收货人未及时提货,则保险责任的终止期最多延长至以收货人接到《收货人通知单》的十五天为限(以邮戳为准)。 + +## 第三章 除外责任 + +## 第四条 + +由于下列原因造成保险货物的损失,保险人不负赔偿责任: + +1. 战争或军事行动: + +2. 核事件或核爆炸: + +3. 保险货物本身的缺陷或自然损耗,以及由于包装不善; + +4. 被保险人的故意行为或过失: + +5. ( 全程是公路货物运输的,盗窃和整件提货不着的损失: + +6. 其它不属于保险责任范围内的损失。 + +## 第四章 保险金额 + +## 第五条 + +保险价值为货物的实际价值,按货物的实际价值或货物的实际价值加运杂费确定。保险金额由投保人参照保险价值自行确定,并在保险合同中载明。保险金额不得超过保险价值。超过保险价值的,超过部分 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00058.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00058.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ab326f4ab9e4b194b5becaa4129112d656052111 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00058.md @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +## 中国银行网上银行服务(中行网银)条款及条件 + +以下《条款与条件》适用于中国银行马来西亚的网上银行服务,当您注册中行网银即代表您已明确同意接受本《条款与条件》。 + +请在申请个人网上银行服务之前仔细阅读以下《条款与条件》。 + +如果您违背了您的安全职责,即使您并没有委托某些交易,您仍可能需对其负责。 + +请注意:在您初次注册后,任何情况下我们都不会联系您,或请他人以我们的名义联系您并询问您的安全信息。如果您收到了任何这类要求(即使他们使用了我们的标志和名称并且表面上看起来很逼真),这些要求很有可能是骗局。请务必不要向对方提供任何您的安全信息,并请及时向我们报告。 + +## 释义 + +以下名词在本文中具有如下释义。 + +账指以您的名义在我行开设的账户。 + +申请表指个人网上银行服务申请表。 + +BOCM 指 Bank of China (Malaysia) Berhad,即中国银行(马来西亚)有限公司。 + +工作日指除星期六、星期日以及公众假日以外的银行在马来西亚正常营业的日子。 + +电子令牌是在每次使用时会产生安全密码(也被称做一次性密码)的一个安全装置。 + +网上银行服务(本服务)指我们依据本《条款与条件》为您提供的服务,您可以通过本服务获取相关账户信息并对我们发出操作指示。 + +资金划转指我们按照通过本服务收到的指示将资金在您指定的账户之间进行转移。 + +指定账户指您拥有的、可以使用我们为您提供资金划转服务的账户。 + +网站指我们的官方网站,目前域名地址为:http://www.bocofchina.com/malaysia。我们可能会不时修改、更新或替换我们的网站 + +我们、我行或我们的指中国银行(马来西亚)有限公司,注册于马来西亚(注册号511251V),注册地址Mezzanine Floor, Plaza OSK, 25 Jalan Ampang, 50450 Kuala Lumpur。 + +您或您的指中请个人网上银行服务的账户持有人。 + +## 1. 使用本服务 + +1.1 签署申请表代表您: + +• 同意本《条款与条件》: + +• 同意本《条款与条件》对您账户的有权签字人在本服务以外的操作授权不产生任何影响。 + +1.2 在使用本服务前,您必须: + +• 在我行持有或开设至少一个账户: + +• 完整填写并向我们提交了申请表: + +• 根据法律规定的团体即马来西亚中央银行和马来西亚银行协会及法律规范即反洗黑钱2001条规,2013年金融业务法及2010年个人资料保护法,履行完成对您的有关身份验证程序: + +• 获得您的用户名、安全密码和电子令牌。您可以亲自来我行任一分支机构领取,或要求我们分别邮寄给您。 + +## 2. 安全信息 + +2.1 使用本服务,您必须成功: + +• 输入您的用户名: + +• 输入您的安全密码: + + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00059.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00059.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4ce3d796a2daca826a75f5847cf73f2451610fb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00059.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +## NIPPONIA HOTEL 大洲 城下町 城堡之夜(Castle Stay)住宿条款 + +(适用范围) + +第 1 条 本酒店与贵宾之间签订的住宿合同以及与此相关的合同,根据本条款规定,而有关本条款未规定的事项,则根据法令或者一般被确立的常规。 + +2. 本酒店,在不违反法令以及常规的范围内接受了特约时,不拘前项规定,以其特约为优先。 + +(合同的申请) + +第 2 条 欲向本酒店申请住宿合同者,向本酒店提出以下事项。 + +(1) 客人姓名 + +(2) 住宿日期以及预定抵达时刻 + +(3) 住宿费用(原则上根据附表 1 的基本住宿费。) + +(4) 其他本酒店认为必要的事项 + +(合同的成立等) + +第3条 城堡之夜(Castle Stay)住宿合同,在表示同意条款的签名,和住宿报名费支付后成立。 + +但,证明本酒店未应允时,不在此限。 + +2. 希望预约日程,以网路(本酒店寄回的确认邮件)或电话的申请为草约。草约,最长可暂时确保希望日程一周。旅客于草约期间内办理以上手续,则完成正式合同的签订。另外,草约无法在一周以内办完手续时,不论任何事由,在本酒店的判断下对确保的日程草约进行失效、解除。 + +3. 报名费,首先充当本贵宾最终应支付的住宿费用,而于发生了适用第6条以及第22条的规定之事态时,依违约金之后为赔偿金的顺序加以充当,若有余额时,则于支付依照第16条规定的费用时加以归还。 + +(不需要支付报名费的特约) + +第4条 本酒店,可能会接受不需要支付合同成立后的该项报名费的特约。 + +2.应允住宿合同的申请时,当本酒店未要求支付前条第2项的报名费时以及未指定支付该报名费的日期时,则作为已接受前项特约处理。 + +(拒绝签订合同) + +第5条 本酒店于以下所记载的情况时,可能会不接受住宿合同的签订。 + +(1) 住宿的申请。未根据本条款时。 + +(2) 因客满而设施没有空房时。 + +(3) 欲住的人,被判断关于住宿有违反法令规定、公共秩序或善良风俗的行为之虞时。 + +(4) 欲住的人,被判断符合以下的 A 到 C 时。 + +A. 根据有关暴力团体团员的非法行为的防止等法律(平成3年(1991)法律第77号)第2条第2款规定的暴力团体(以下称"暴力团体"。)、该条第2条第6款中规定的暴力团体团员(以下称"暴力团体团员"。)、暴力团体准成员或者暴力团体关系者和其他的反社会势力 + +B 暴力团体或者暴力团体团员为掌握事业活动的法人和其他团体时 + +C 其法人的干部中有相当于暴力团体团员者 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00060.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00060.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2ba62e77dd83a9ae6e67303e8757f341bb62b3c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00060.md @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +第24条 历史性建筑物,有许多与现代的一般居住空间等不同的陡峭楼梯、台阶或其他设备等。利用时请充分注意。 + +(住宿的规定人数、费用) + +第25条 规定人数,为2名~6名。另外,产生费用的儿童为1名。 + +金额方面,如附表。 + +附表 1 城堡之夜(Castle Stay)住宿费用等细目 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
计划细目
旅客应支付的总额住宿费用基本住宿费用1 , 200 , 000 日元(2 名)
人数追加费用120,000 日元(1名追加)
追加费用追加饮食等(不含在住宿费用中)
税金消费税
+ +备注 儿童费用如下。依照年龄、用餐、被子决定费用。 +中学生以上,为大人费用。 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
用餐被子费用
小学生儿童套餐(大)60,000 日元
未就学儿童(4 岁~小学生以下)儿童套餐(小)依其希望40,000 日元
婴幼儿(3 岁以下)免费
+ +附表2 城堡之夜(Castle Stay)住宿违约金 + +过了预定入住手续的时刻1小时而仍未与酒店联系、且未于事前所预定的场所时,以未住宿处理。 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
受理合同解除的通知之日取消费规定
合同成立~91 日前10%
90 日前~61日前30%
60 日前~31日前50%
30 日前~15日前80%
14 日前~当天、未住宿100%
+ +人数减少的违约金为如下。 + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
受理希望变更人数的意思之日日程变更费规定
合同成立~31 日前免费
30 日前~22日前50%
21 日前~当天100%
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00061.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00061.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a9958ec2df4db4ef033b3bde8edf62cec7540cf3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00061.md @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +大阪支付费用。另外,在支付通讯费时所产生的汇款手续费由使用者承担。 + +(2) 使用者在退房时需支付还未结算的所有费用。 + +## 7. 保证金 + +(1) 关于保证金额 + +使用者根据所使用设施及使用期间,向 IBPC 大阪预付相应的保证金。(设施、期间及费用参考下列表格) + +使用期间更换使用设施时,需预付或被退还相差金额。 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
使用期间
不足30 天超过30 天(含30 天)
使用单间20000 日元50000 日元
使用共享办公室20,000 日元
+ +(2) 关于预付或退还保证金 + +1)使用者需在截至使用开始日之前通过现金或银行汇款向IBPC大阪预付保证金。 + +2)IBPC 大阪在发生 6. 通讯费时,以保证金充当。若累计通讯费的金额超过保证金时,将从超出保证金时起,停止以保证金充当。 + +3)若发生10.(3)的对应事件,IBPC大阪将向使用者收取相应保证金充当赔偿金。 + +4)保证金在使用期间结束后,以无利息的形式退还给使用者。但,若产生上述充当项目时,会将充当后的余额以无利息的形式退还给使用者。 + +5)保证金将通过现金或银行汇款的形式退还。但,通过现金退还时需满足以下任何一项条件。 + +‧ 退还时可在“保证金退还证明”上盖使用者的法人代表印章或签署法人代表姓名。 + +‧ 在退还保证金之前,已向 IBPC 大阪提交经使用者的法人代表证明领取保证金的人士为授权领取人的文件(委任状等)。 + +6)保证金移交过程中所需的汇款手续费由使用者承担。 + +## 8. 商务支援办公室的常备设备和备品的使用 + +(1)以下的设备和常用物品可免费使用。但通讯费按实际使用费用自行承担。 + + + + + + + + + + +
单间椅子、桌子、橱柜、衣架、电话、传真(实际费用)、
互联网、无线路由器
共享办公室椅子、个人座位、无线路由器、橱柜
通用设备会议空间、吸尘器
+ +(2)若需将上述物品以外的设备和常用物品放置于商业支援办公室,需预先取得IBPC大版的批准。此外,电气用品仅限于100V/60Hz。 + +## 9. 使用取消 + +(1)申请者提交使用申请后,若由于申请者自身的原因需要取消,申请者应立即通知IBPC大阪。 + +(2) 在使用批准后或使用过程中,若使用者出现以下任意一项情况,IBPC 大阪有权取消批准或拒绝使用。此时若由于取消对使用者带来损失时,IBPC 大阪不承担任何该损失的赔偿责任。 + +1)经检查发现使用申请书的内容虚假 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00062.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00062.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..49bd9c2bfdb74d374c0b9f463dc01e85b88df7c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00062.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +采购条款 + +版本 2018 年 2 月 + +## 1. 概览 + +仅以下条件适用于所有交货。任何偏离的协议仅在我司书面确认的情况下有效。供应商的交货条件对我司不产生约束,即使我司未明示排除该等条件的适用。我司接受交货、服务或付款的行为不视为对供应商的销售条件的同意。如果该采购条款的任何一条款因任何原因而被认定为无效,其余条款的有效性不受影响。 + +## 2. 订单及订单确认 + +只有框架合同、框架协议、书面发出的或由我司书面确认的订单具有法律约束力。供应商与我司口头或通过电话所达成一致的内容只有在我司可以书面形式确认后才具有约束力。如供应商未在收到我司可以书面形式发出的订单后的两个工作日内向我司提出异议的,则视供应商已接受了我司订单。 + +## 3. 发货、验收、日期及截止时间 + +交货的及时性取决于买方指定的交货地点的收货情况。验收取决于对货物正确性和适用性的检查。如果服务或交货有可预见的延迟,供应商必须立即通知并寻求采购方/计划员(采购订单上的联系人)的决定,通知延迟的原因和预计的延迟时间。无论任何原因导致的交货延期,采购方/计划员有权在没有宽限期的情况下取消协议。接受延迟交付或服务并不意味着放弃对因此造成损失的索赔。在特殊情况下,可以接受订单数量或金额的过量或少量交货,但只允许总计+/-10%范围内。如果因供应商自身原因导致其违约的,我司有权要求供应商自延迟周开始按照每周0.5%支付违约金,违约金金额最高不超过订单价值的5%。此外,我司保留对超出上述违约金金额之外的损失的索赔权利。如果产生违约金的,我司有权将该等违约金金额在最终发票中进行抵销。在发生劳动纠纷和不可抗力事件的情况下,我司无义务接受所订购产品,并有权解除合同。 + +## 4. 价格,交付和风险转移 + +如果没有另外达成协议,货物价格为 DDP 到我司指定收货地点的价格,供应商应承担运费、包装和清关费用。运输方式需与我司进行协商。货物应妥善和仔细地包装,使其适合于所选择的运输方式,特别注意需按照我司的规定处理。由于不遵守我司的指示而导致的任何损失应由供应商承担。风险转移发生在在我司指定的交货地址。没有合规的运输单据的,视供应商未完整履行订单项下的交付义务,由供应商承担货物的风险和费用。 + +货物的接收只能在工作日进行,即:周一至周五的7:00至11:30和12:00至15:00。如果提供基于绩效的服务,风险仅在批准和接受后转移给我司。 + +## 5. 发票和付款 + +发票应发送到我司订单中的指定地址,并注明订单号,包含验证发票所需的所有信息。除非另有约定,付款条件为 14 天内付款 35% 的折扣,或 30 天内 2% 的折扣,或 90 天内全额付款。付款期限从我司收到货物或服务,以及符合我司订单数据的发票后开始算起。如果由于产品缺陷造成我司客户抵扣货款或不予支付货款的,我司有权在范围内扣减相应的金额。我司的付款行为不构成对货物或服务符合合同约定的认可,因此,也不表示我司放弃依据对质保或损害条款向供应商主张货物或服务存在不符合合同约定之缺陷的权利。 + +## 6. 转让条款 + +所有供应商对我司的索赔不得出售或转让给第三方。 + +## 7. 资不抵债 + +如已启动针对供应商资产的破产程序,且供应商无法持续经营的,我司有权解除合同;且与供应商的合同的部分履行不影响我司行使上述权利。在合同解除时,我司将按比例向供应商支付我司可使用的供应商已提供的货物或服务。 + +## 8. 保证 + +供应商同意,我司作为最终客户订购商品和服务后的质量保证期限为24个月;旨在转售的产品或服务(无论是否加工或组装)的质量保证期限为24个月。质量保证期从货物交付开始。在不影响我司其他法律补救措施的情况下,供应商应在质量保证期内对其交付于我司的产品缺陷承担责任,我司有权选择免费更换产品,免费消除缺陷或适当降低价格的方式得以赔偿。如果来料质量控制的常规水平由于错误交货而提高到整体质量控制的较高水平,供应商应承担成本(54元/小时)。在紧急情况下(例如为了避免生产中断或避免造成损失),我司有权自行弥补所发现的货物或服务缺陷,并要求供应商承担相应的费用(54元/小时)。供应商应承担退还有缺陷产品的成本和风险。上述权利自缺陷通 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00063.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00063.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..28d531c2a193930e8c47d642d7390a0c022af82f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00063.md @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ +## 7. 向第三方公开、提供 + +(1) ANA向第三方披露或提供客户个人信息的情况 + +除了下列几种情况,ANA不会将个人信息公开、提供给第三方。并且,ANA在除法令规定或客户同意的情况外,不会向第三方公开及提供含有机密信息的个人信息。此外,共同使用以及向业务委托方提供个人信息的情况不属于向第三方公开或提供信息。 + +1. 取得客户本人同意时 + +2. 依法需公开、提供时 + +3. 为保护人身财产安全的必要性,不能取得客户同意时 + +4. 需配合国家或地方政府的工作,如果取得客户的同意就可能会妨碍公务执行时 + +5. 公开、提供统计数据(无法由此识别客户身份的信息)时 + +6. 因合并、公司股权分开、业务转让以及其他原因伴随业务继承提供个人信息时 + +7. 客户自身处于可以从 ANA 主页等事先可以容易地确认下列内容,并且以对于提供信息没有拒绝的意向为条件,依照法令程序提供信息时 + +·该信息将提供给第三方 + +·向第三方提供的个人信息的项目 + +·向第三方提供的方式或方法 + +·当客户本人要求时,停止向第三方提供信息 + +·受理客户要求的方法 + +(2) ANA向第三方披露或提供客户个人信息时的接收方 + +ANA 有时会将个人信息披露给以下类型的接收人。 + +1. 相关公司等→ANA 有时会向属于 ANA 集团的公司及与 ANA 集团相关的团体披露个人信息。 + +2. 工作人员→ANA 有时会向有权访问和需要访问个人信息的本公司工作人员披露个人信息。 + +3. 服务提供方→ANA 有时会向服务提供方披露个人信息,如 IT 服务提供方(包括数据服务器及云服务提供方)、信息分析服务提供方、广告发布服务提供方、法律顾问等。 + +## 8. 共同使用 + +ANA 按照下述规定共同使用客户的个人信息。 + + + +
共同用户的范围ANA集团公司
客户的使用目的(1) 以为本公司或其同使用公司营运的航空运输服务、旅行团及酒店等旅行服务,其他商品及服务的提供为目的。(2) 以本公司或其同使用公司直接、商品及服务相关的介绍、调查等的实施为目的。(3) 以为本公司或其同使用公司的销售分析、其他调查研究以及新产品及服务等的开发为目的。(4) 出于本公司或其同使用公司提供的商品及服务,如发生客户咨询、媒体申请中请、以及其他申请时,为向负责的公司传达信息、交接工作。(5) 以本公司或其同使用公司与其他客户之间进行交易、流通的交易为目的。(6) 以LANA集团的经营管理、内部管理为目的。
共用使用个人信息的项目ANA里程娱乐会员卡号、客户姓名、地址、电话号码、传真号码、电子邮件地址、工作单位(公司名称、所属部门)职务、地址。电话号码、传真号码、客送地址、护理信息、与案象相关的身体状况及疾病信息、餐饮禁忌、包含信用卡/借记卡等支付方法详情的支付信息、ANA及其他航空公司的搭乘信息和携带地点、其他交通机构的预订信息等旅程及行程状况的详细信息、会员卡种类、会员服务资格、所购地区、里程记录、信用卡号、信用卡有效期、信用卡使用记录及相关案件信息是重要支撑要素等。订票情况有:航票和用券使用记录、与客户沟通过程中包含的信息、咨询、要求和意见等内容、包括Cookie及网站上的活动记录等客户使用ANA网站及手机应用程序的信息等。
拥有个人信息管理权限者的名称、地址和代表人姓名ANA控股株式会社邮编105-7140东京都港区东新桥1丁目5番2号 汐国城中心董事长兼总经理 芜田 温二
+ +## 9. 业务的委托 + +ANA在为客户提供商品、服务的过程中委托部分业务时,为达成使用目的会在必要范围内向业务委托方提供个人信息。此时,本公司将与业务委托方签署有关客户个人信息处理的协议,并妥善实施业务委托方的管理和监督。 + +## 10. 向日本境外转移 + +ANA可能会根据客户搭乘航班的目的地,将客户的个人信息(姓名、护照编号、旅程详情等)转移至日本境外。ANA通航国家的信息可在主页上确认。作为客户个人信息转移目的地的国家或地区,可能会不具备与日本同等的个人信息保护制度。 + +ANA 将客户的个人信息提供给业务委托方及共同用户包括日本境外的事业单位第三方时,将在客户同意的基础上提供,但属于以下任意一种情况时除外。 + +(1) 第三方所在的国家是法律规定的具有与日本同等水平的个人信息保护制度的国家 + +(2) 第三方已建立了必要的体制,以确保其持续实施相当于日本个人信息处理事业单位应实施的措施 + +并且在(2)的情况下,ANA将采取必要且适当的措施,确保第三方的同等措施持续实施。如果想要确认措施内容,请按照“12.关于个人信息的处理请求”提出请求。 + +## 11. 关于个人信息的管理 + +ANA对于客户提供的个人信息,在妥善进行管理的同时,也采取了必要的安全管理措施,以防止信息的泄露、丢失、篡改等。关于客户个人信息的保护与妥善处理,我们将对管理者及工作人员进行公司培训的同时,根据使用目的,规定个人信息的保存期限,达成使用目的后将以适当方式处理这些信息。 + +如果想要确认安全管理措施的详情,请按照“12.关于个人信息的处理请求”提出请求。 + +$^{*}$关于信息安全的工作方针,请确认“ANA集团信息安全”。 + + + +https:// www.ana.co.jp/group/en/csr/risk _ management/security/ + +## 12. 关于个人信息的处理请求 + +关于ANA持有的数据库中保留的客户个人信息,由客户按照指定方法,提出公开、修改、删除、追加、停止使用、消除以及提供“10. 向日本境外转移”和“11. 关于个人信息的管理”中提及的个人信息保护措施相关的信息(以下,统称“公开等”)中的任一要求时,ANA将在确认提出的要求确实是客户本人的基础上,在合理受理期限及范围内依据法律采取以下应对方法。 + +(1) 关于公开的要求 + +公开客户所要求的个人信息条款、使用目的或向第三方提供的记录。 + +(2) 关于修改、删除、追加的要求 + +我们将在确认您请求的内容后,在适当的可行范围内对有关客户的个人信息进行修改、删除或追加处理。 + +(3) 有关停止使用、消除的要求 + +关于客户指定的个人信息项目,ANA 将根据客户的请求,在合理且可行的范围内停止使用,若客户希望消除信息,则 ANA 将消除信息。 +另外,停止使用或消除个人信息后,ANA可能无法提供客户以往可享用的服务或者客户所期望的服务。请客户事先知晓,再提出请求。 + +(4) 关于提供个人信息保护措施相关信息的请求 + +ANA 将根据客户的请求,提供以下信息。 + +1) ANA 在获取客户个人信息时所采取的安全管理措施的内容 + +2) ANA 向日本境外的第三方提供客户个人信息时所采取的措施的内容(符合“10. 向日本境外转移”(2)的定义时) + +如果对 ANA 开展日常业务有明显阻碍或是可能违法时,或者可能阻碍个人信息的安全管理时,我们可能无法满足您的要求。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00064.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00064.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..72e95b927c6926c0d4b7bfb9c8e6d5f54c2ad243 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00064.md @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +## 13. 公开等的请求方法及咨询窗口 + +有关与ANA所持有的客户个人信息相关的公开及使用目的通知的要求方法及咨询窗口如下。 + +公开等要求 + +1)要求方法 + +【如果您希望通过信件收到关于信息披露申请的回复】 + +请将必要文件邮寄至以下地址。 + +(邮寄地址) + +〒850-0078 长崎長崎市神之島町1-331-90 + +全日本空输株式会社 个人信息处理业务 行 + +【如果您希望以电子文件格式收到关于信息披露申请的回复】 + +请使用 ANA 网站上的表格提交所需文件。 + +( https://ana.force.com/zhcn/s/atmint-en ) + +2) 必要文件 + +· 申请书(请根据您的需要任选其一) + +①公开申请书 + +②各类申请书 + +在填写申请书时,有不慎漏填的地方,可能无法满足您要求公开的意愿。 + +· 本人等身份证明文件 + +<本人时> + +①驾驶证、护照、健康保险的被保险人证明(造盖保险人编号及被保险人等的符号和编号)、带面部照片的居民基本资料卡、年金手册、身体残疾证、居留证或者特殊长期居住者证明、印章注册证明、My Number Card(仅需要正面)等任意2份证件的复印件) + +<代理人时> + +除了<本人>之外,亦需以下的$^{①}$$^{②}$。 + +①委任书《法定代理人时,证明法定代理人身份的文件》 + +②确认代理人本人身份的证件类(代理人驾驶证、护照、健康保险的被保险人证明(遮盖保险人编号及被保险人等的符号和编号)、带面部照片的居民基本资料卡、年会手册、身体残疾证、居留证或者特殊长期居住者证明、印章注册证明、My Number Card(仅需要正面)等任意2份证件的复印件) + +3)手续费 + +对于公开等的请求,可能需要负担手续费。有关详情,请查看各申请书中记载的内容。需要公开多个预订或搭乘信息时,以每个预订、搭乘航班为1次公开。此外,依照各国法律,有些情况处理方式可能有所不同。 + +一般服务范围内的ANA的预约确认、搭乘确认及ANA里程俱乐部会员信息的变更等,请登录ANA网站( www.ana.co.jp )或通过电话进行咨询。但是,上述任意一种情况都要以确认客户本人身份为前提条件,敬请悉知。 + +## 14. 关于禁用 Cookie、广告识别符 + +(1) 禁用Cookie + +请确认ANA Cookie政策“5.关于禁用Cookie”。 + +https:// www.ana.co.jp/wws/cookiepolicy/c/ + +(2) 禁用广告识别符 + +ANA获取并使用广告识别符(Apple公司iOS的“Identification For Advertisers (IDFA)”和Google公司Android OS的“Google Advertising ID (GAID)”等)。 + +如果客户希望停止推送使用了这些广告识别符的广告,请通过以下方式设定您使用的终端。 + +·iOS(外部网站) + +https://support.apple.com/zh-cn/HT202074 + +·Android(外部网站) + +https://support.google.com/googleplay/answer/3405269 ?hl=zh-Hans + +## 15. 隐私条款的变更 + +ANA有可能变更本隐私条款。变更隐私条款后将在ANA网站( www.ana.co.jp )上进行通知,请您仔细确认变更后的内容。 + +全日本空输株式会社 + +代表取缔役社长井上慎一 + +邮编105-7140 东京都港区东新桥1-5-2 汐留城市中心 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00065.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00065.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4c889b425e9eba91fe0e414ac0b7483d02e6da32 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00065.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +## 第4章 关于居住在美国加利福尼亚州的客户的个人信息的处理 + +最终更新日:2024年7月1日 + +关于居住在美国加利福尼亚州的客户的个人信息的处理,根据加利福尼亚州消费者隐私法(根据California Privacy Rights Act of 2020修订后的California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018,以下简称“CCPA”),在第1章的基础上附加适用第4章的规定。此外,如第1章中所规定的内容与第4章中所规定的内容发生冲突时,优先参照第4章的规定。 + +第4章使用了CCPA上定义的术语。尤其将“销售”定义为:与金钱及其他价值等价兑换,ANA向第三方出售、出借、公布、公开、散布客户个人信息使其为可用状态,通过转移或口头、书面、电子等手段传送的情况。并且将“共享”定义为:不论是否与金钱及其他价值等价兑换,为了跨场景行为定向广告,向第三方共享、出借、公布、公开、散布客户个人信息使其为可用状态,通过转移或口头、书面、电子等手段传送的情况。依据CCPA的规定,ANA与者第三方妥善签订了有关个人信息处理的合同时,则不属于“销售”。 + +## 1. 个人信息的获取和使用 + +ANA今后可能获取、或者在过去12个月获取的客户个人信息的种类详见下表的规定。ANA以第1章3.(个人信息的使用目的)规定的目的使用此类个人信息。此外,这些个人信息均从客户本人处获得。 + + + +
获取的个人信息种类个人焦虑示例
识别标志(为特意区别特定对象所使用的名称、符号等)客户姓名、地址、电话号码、传真号码、落选地址、电子邮箱地址、护理信息、ANA里程俱乐部会员卡号(十位数)、个人的线上ID等
通用加利福尼亚州顾客登记法的附加数据(Cal. Civ. Code Sec. 1798,60(e)中记载的个人信息的全部种类)与客户搭乘相关的身体及疾病信息、信用卡号、包含信用卡/借记卡等支付方法详情的支付信息等
受加利福尼亚州法律联邦法保护的分类的特性客户餐饮禁忌等
商业信息ANA()是日本的娱乐部会员种类。会员因资格、所属地区、票根记录、信件等有效期、信件使届记录及相关信息、是否安排轮椅等、订票票信息、搭乘和服务使用记录、ANA及其他航空公司的搭乘信息和停留地点、其他交通机构的预订信息等旅程及预订状况的详细信息、与客户沟通过程中包含的信息、咨询、要求和意见等内容等。
互联网或其他电子网络活动信息Cookie、广告识别(IDFA、GID)、位置信息、网络图有ID、OS及浏览器类型等信息,以及网站上的行为记录等。在关于客户如何使用ANA网站及手机应用程序的信息等
职业法庭案例相关信息客戶的工作單位信息(公署名稱、所屬部門、服務、地址、電話號碼、傳真号)等
个人敏感信息护网信息、与客户档案相关的身体及疾病信息、客户餐饮禁忌等,是否安排轮椅、定位器等
+ +## 2. 个人信息的公开 + +(1) 个人信息的销售 + +ANA 未向第三方出售客户个人信息(包括未成年人的个人信息),且在过去 12 个月未出售过个人信息。 + +(2) 个人信息的共享 + +ANA今后可能与第三方共享的个人信息、在过去12个月与第三方共享的客户个人信息种类以及作为共享对象的第三方种类详见下表。ANA将共享这些个人信息以实施营销活动(包括个性化广告),包括各种活动、促销活动的通知等。另外,ANA识别未成年人信息,不会将其个人信息与第三方共享。 + + + +
共享的个人信息种类个人信息示例过去12个月共享了个人信息的第三方种类
互联网或其他电子网堵活动信息Cookie、广告识别符(IDFA、GAD)、位置信息、地域有ID、OS及浏览器类型等信息。以及包括网站上的行为记录等在内的关于用户如何使用ANA网站及手机应用程序的信息等广告网路
+ +(3) 用于业务目的的个人信息公开 + +ANA 在过去 12 个月用于业务目的公开的客户个人信息的种类及其公开对象的第三方的种类详见下表。ANA 基于第 1 章 3.(个人信息的使用目的)及 8.(共同使用)中确定的目的,向第三方公开这些个人信息。 + + + +
公开的个人信息种说个人信息示例过去12个月公开了个人信息的第三方种类
识别标志(为特定区域特定对象所使用的名称、符号等)客户姓名、地址、电话号码、传真号码、寄递地址、电子邮件地址、护照信息、ANA里程俱乐部会员卡号(十位数)、个人的网上ID等ANA集团公司、运航ANA集团的委托公司、合作机场和航空公司、各种服务供应商、销售合作公司、政府机关、执法机关、法院、海关和入境管理局、第三方机等。
通用加利福尼亚州顾客登记法的追加数额(Cal. Civ. Code Sec. 1798.80(l)中记载的个人信息的全部种类)与客户关系相关的身体及疾病信息、信用卡号、包含借卡/借记卡等支付为法律情的支付信息等ANA集团公司,运作ANA航团的委托公司、合作机场和航空公司、各种服务供应商、营销合作公司、政府机关、执法机关、法院、海关和入境管理局、第三方机关等。
爱加利根尼亚州法或联邦法保护的分类的特性省户餐饮旅忍等ANA集团公司、运营ANA航空的委托公司
商业信息ANA里程俱乐部会员卡种类、会员服务资格、所属地区、里程记录、信用卡有效期、信用卡使用记录及相关信息、是否安排车辆等、订退票信息、搭乘服务使用记录、ANA及其他航空公司的乘客信息和停靠地点、其交通机构的预订信息等里程及预订状况的详细信息,与客户沟通过程中的信息、咨询、要求和意见的内容等ANA集团公司、远航ANA航空的委托公司、合作机场航空公司、各种服务供应商、营销合作公司、政府机关、执法机关、法院、海关和入境管理局、航空公司等。
互联网或其他电子网络活动信息Cookie、广告识别符(IDFA、GAD)位置信息、地域固有ID、OS及浏览器类型等信息。以及包括网站上的行为记录等在内的关于用户如何使用ANA网站及手机应用程序的信息。ANA集团公等、各种服务供应商、营销合作公等、政府机关、执法机关、法院、海关和入境管理局、第三方机关等
职业成瘾科相关信息客戶的工作單位信息(公司名称、所属部门、职务、地址、电话号码、传真号)等ANA集团公等、各种服务供应商、警械合作公司、政府机关、执法机关、法院、海关和入境管理局、第三方机关等。
个人敏感信息护周信息、与客户搭乘相关的身体及疾病信息、客户餐饮禁忌等,是否安排轮椅、座位信息等ANA集团公司,运营ANA航团的委托公司、合作机场和航空公司、各种服务供应商、营销合作公司。政府机关、执法机关、法院、海关和入境管理局、第三方机关等
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00066.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00066.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c9b247067604d0efafc2bf8928e4a9c08dd79327 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00066.md @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +1. 标准销售条款适用范围 本标准条款和条件适用于卖方签订的所有销售合同,除非双方另行以书面方式明确约定,卖方不接受且不受任何买方条款和条件的约束。 + +2. 保证 自经销商销售日后九十(90)日内或工厂交运日后一(1)年内(以先发生者为准),在卖方收到产品瑕疵的书面索赔的情况下,卖方保证其生产的产品经卖方的代表检验发现为正常使用和服务条件下的瑕疵产品(无论工艺上还是材质上),卖方可以选择对其进行免费的修理或者以相同的产品更换,并承担最低的运输费用,但卖方不承担安装或拆卸费用,也不退还该货物的购买价款。无论出于违约或违反保证,或基于过失或过失制造的索赔,卖方承担的赔偿责任不超过购买价款。卖方在此拒绝其他所有明示和默示的保证,包括对特定用途的适用和适销性的保证。前述内容表明了卖方对其提供的产品所承担的所有义务和责任。任何情况下,卖方均不对特别的、间接的、非直接的、或附随的损害或损失负责,除非本免责条款为本标准销售条款和条件所适用的法律所禁止。 + +## 3. 卖方对订单的接受 + +a 所有订单需经卖方的接受方可成立,除非报价明确说明其为针对某邀约的投标(在该等情形下订单或中标通知书即构成根据投标条款的对投标的接受)。 + +b 买方订单上的条款和条件与此处所述不一致之处,仅在卖方就该不一致之处以书面形式特别表示接受时方可约束卖方。 + +c 卖方接受的订单不得被买方撤销,除非基于补偿卖方损失的条款并经卖方同意。 + +4. 溢短装 卖方有权装运并且买方同意接受供货量10%以内(包括本数)的溢短装。 + +5. 样品 若向买方提供样品,卖方不对样品的提供或使用承担任何责任,并且不对该等样品提供任何保证。 + +## 6. 价格和支付 + +a 除本条款和条件中另有规定,买方应当在货物交付前将货款以现金的形式汇入卖方的指定账户,除上述条款之外的任何支付条款,必须经过卖方另行的书面同意方为有效。交付和价格条件为EX WORKS卖方工厂(价格不包括运输费用)。 + +b 不含税价格:除非法律另有禁止,所有国家和地方政府向卖方征收的营业税、消费税、增值税或其它税费均不包含在所述价格中;该等税费应由买方支付,除非买方能提供有效的免税证明。 + +c 延期运输支付:若买方请求延期装运,卖方有权在备受货物待运时开出货款账单,若货物备受待运后六十(60)日内买方仍未要求运输,卖方有权收取仓储费用。 + +d 延期支付:若买方未能依据账单支付购买价款及相应税费,卖方可在不损害其根据适用的法律因买方违约所享有的权利的情况下,(i)延迟或取消产品的进一步交付,直至且除非此项付款完成;及(ii)主张从支付到期日至实际支付日的延期付款金额的每年百分之十二(12%)的利息。 + +## 7. 交付 + +a 运输日期:运输日期仅是预估,可以变更。 + +b 不可预见的延误:在超出卖方合理控制的范围发生的各种性质及情形导致的逾期履行或履行不能,卖方不应承担赔偿或其他责任。若由于任何该等事件或其他情形卖方未能履行其对所有客户的总体承诺,买方同意接受卖方采取的计划或比例进行的交付,作为卖方的全面履行。 + +c 包装:卖方将提供正常情况下的商业包装,以保护运输中的货物并标明内含的货物。若买方要求任何特别的包装,该费用将由买方承担。 + +d 运输路线:除非买方另有指示,所有的货物将通过适合的、在相应情形下最便宜或最快速的方式进行运输,若买方未提供路线指示,卖方将单方决定最佳运输路线。 + +e 权利索赔:运输过程中的损害或赔偿请求必须由买方提出。 + +## 8. 专用工具 +除非有书面形式的特别安排,所有生产货物所要求的专用工具应为卖方所有。任何情况下,卖方的责任仅限于适当设计、在生产和储存中适当操作以及适当的保险。买方应负责由下列原因产生的费用:(1)买方要求的变更,(2)正常损耗导致的重大修理或更换,(3)新要素引入(如缩短交货周期和/或加快交付速度)所导致的额外成本。 + +术语“专用工具”应包括但不限于模型、钢模、模具、夹具、心轴、固定装置以及其他特殊设备,但不包括制造货物所需的机器。 + +## 9. 检验 +卖方将在装运前检验所有的货物,该等检验应足够符合卖方的尺寸和外观标准。 + +## 10. 拒收与退还 + +a 通知卖方:若在收到货物后的三十(30)日内买方未书面通知卖方拒收本合同项下任何装运的货物及其理由,该等货物应视为已经买方检验并接受。 + +b 货物的退还:未经卖方事先书面同意,买方不得因任何原因退还货物。 + +11. 责任限制 买方和卖方都不应对任何特殊的、非直接的或附随的损失提出索赔。 + +## 12. 专利侵权 + +a 若卖方提供的货物是由买方设计,或应买方的要求而贴有某一商标或商号,则买方同意在任何由第三方对卖方提起的侵权或滥用任何该等专利或商标的民事或刑事诉讼中为卖方辩护;买方进一步同意使卖方免受由此导致的损害或损失。 + +b 对任何按照非由买方提供的设计或规格制造的货物,卖方应补偿并使买方免受在使用或转售过程中侵犯任何美国专利或专利权的索赔,但前提是买方在收到该等索赔三十(30)日内书面通知卖方并授权卖方、给予卖方信息和协助(费用由卖方承担)以使其能应对该等索赔并能在任何向买方或买方客户提出的诉讼中进行抗辩。在前述情形下,卖方将自行承担费用进行辩护,并在不超过向其支付的所谓侵权货物价款的范围内执行判决。如果在任何该等诉讼中法院采取措施禁止继续使用所述货物或者货物的任何部分,卖方将有权自行选择为客户争取继续使用前述货物的权利,或以非侵权产品更换前述货物,或对货物进行修改使其不构成侵权,或卸除上述货物并退还购买价款及相应的运输、安装费,并承担由此产生的费用。除前述责任之外,卖方不在任何方面承担责任,包括但不限于买方未经卖方同意达成的侵权索赔方案。前述条款表述了卖方就专利所应承担的所有义务和责任。 + +## 13.知识产权 + +除非双方另行书面约定,产品的所有知识产权以及任何其他相关文件应为卖方所有。买方在中国境内或境外不得直接或间接生产或制造与卖方或卖方的任何关联公司拥有任何知识产权的相同或相似的产品。 + +## 14. 一般条款 + +a 合同变更:买方、卖方同意双方之间不存在任何其他有效的合同;非经卖方书面同意,本合同的变更没有约束力。若卖方以口头、行动或书面方式放弃、或被视为已经放弃本协议的任何条款,或未坚持使买方履行本协议的一项或多项条款,卖方的该等行为不应被视为其对本协议任何其他条款的默示或明示的弃权。 + +b 遵守法律:卖方证明其符合所有中国国家和地方的法律。 + +## 15. 争议解决 + +本标准条款和条件适用中华人民共和国法律,由本条款和条件产生的任何争议,应当提交卖方所在地人民法院解决。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00067.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00067.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e0d3f807c3aebe9eaf6c89d287aec010786d1981 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00067.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +## TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE + +## (November 2019) + +## 销售条款与条件(2019年11月) + +Except as otherwise agreed upon in writing by the Seller, these terms and conditions (“Agreement”) will apply to all orders received and all sales made by the following entities (non-exhaustive and subject to change by TE from time to time without notification): Measurement Specialties (China) Ltd., Measurement Specialties (Chengdu) Ltd., MEAS Asia Limited, Wema Environmental Technologies (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Wema Environmental Technologies Ltd., Alpha Technics (Xiamen) Limited, Tyco Electronics Singapore Pte Ltd (applies to TE Connectivity Sensor Solutions Products only), each a TE Connectivity Ltd. (“TE”) company and each, individually, the “Seller.” + +除买方另行书面同意,否则本条款及条件(简称“本协议”)将适用于下列实体收到的所有订单及进行的所有销售(下列清单并不详尽,且TE可在无须通知的情况下不时变更):精量电子(深圳)有限公司、精量电子(成都)有限公司、精量电子有限公司、维玛环境科技(上海)有限公司、Wema Environmental Technologies Ltd.、阿尔珐科技(厦门)有限公司、Tyco Electronics Singapore Pte Ltd(仅适用于TE Connectivity传感器解决方案产品),上述各公司均为TE Connectivity(简称“TE”)关联企业,且每一公司均单独称为“卖方”。 + +1. GENERAL: The terms and conditions set forth herein as well as any terms and conditions printed on the face of Seller's order acknowledgment constitute the sole and entire agreement between Seller and the buyer ("Buyer") of goods and/or services from Seller with respect to the subject matter hereof. Any term or condition in any printed form of Buyer, including but not limited to any order, confirmation or other document, which is in any way inconsistent with or in addition to the terms and conditions hereof is hereby expressly rejected, and Seller's acceptance of any offer or order of Buyer is hereby expressly made in reliance on Buyer's assent to all terms and conditions hereof. If Buyer objects to any of the terms or conditions hereof, such objection must be made in writing and received by Seller within ten (10) calendar days after placing a purchase order. Failure to so object shall be conclusively deemed to be acceptance of the terms and conditions hereof. Seller's failure to object to any term or condition in any oral or written communication from Buyer, whether delivered before or after the date hereof, shall not constitute an acceptance thereof or a waiver of any term or condition hereof. Electronic commerce transactions between Buyer and Seller will be solely governed by this Agreement, and any terms and conditions on Buyer's internet site will be null and void and of no legal effect on Seller. All correspondence pertaining to this order, or to any of the terms and conditions covered by this order, will be in the English language. Goods are provided pursuant to Seller's part numbers. + +1. 一般条款:本文规定的条款和条件以及卖方的订单确认正面所载的条款和条件构成卖方和买方(简称“买方”)之间就卖方所提供的关于本文标的事项的货物和/或服务的唯一和完整的协议。买方任何打印形式的条款和条件,包括但不限于任何订单、确认或其他文件,如果与本文之条款和条件有任何不符之处,或以任何方式对其有所增加,都在此明确被拒绝,并且卖方对买方任何要约或订单的接受都明确以买方同意本文之所有条款和条件为基础而作出,如果买方反对本文中的任何条款和条件,那么该等反对应以书面形式作出,并在发出购买订单后的10个日历日内为卖方所收到。未能以此方式提出反对应被最终认为接受本文之条款和条件。卖方未能对买方的任何口头或书面通讯中的任何条款和条件进行反对,无论该通讯是在本文日期之前或之后作出,都不应构成对本文条款和条件的接受或对该等条款和条件的弃权。买方和卖方之间的电子商务交易应仅适用本协议。买方互联网网址上的条款和条件无效,并对卖方无法律效力。与本订单或本订单所涵盖的任何条款和条件有关的所有通信应以英语进行。本协议项下的所有货物应以卖方的产品型号提供。 + +2. TAXES: Except as otherwise expressly stated herein, the prices do not include federal, state or local sales, use, goods and services, excise or other similar taxes applicable to goods or services involved in this transaction. All such taxes shall be paid by Buyer, unless Buyer provides Seller with evidence satisfactory to Seller of exemption from such taxes. When Seller is required by law or regulation to collect such taxes, Seller will add such taxes to the sale price of the goods or services. + +2. 税收:除非本文另行明确规定,否则产品价格不包含联邦、州或当地的销售税、使用税、商品及服务税、特许权税或其他适用于本交易所涉及的货物或服务的类似税收。除非买方向卖方提供令卖方满意的豁免该等税收的证据证明,否则所有此类税收应由买方支付。若卖方应法律或法规的要求被征收此类税收,卖方有权将该等税收增加至货物或服务的价格中。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00068.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00068.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4875a825aadd027e54b5cc5b0c431300517b31a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00068.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +前款规定的合同解除权,自保险人知道有解除事由之日起,超过三十日不行使而消灭。 + +投保人故意不履行如实告知义务的,保险人对于合同解除前发生的保险事故,不承担赔偿保险金的责任,并不退还保险费。 + +投保人因重大过失未履行如实告知义务,对保险事故的发生有严重影响的,保险人对于合同解除前发生的保险事故,不承担赔偿保险金的责任,但应当退还保险费。 + +保险人在合同订立时已经知道投保人未如实告知的情况的,保险人不得解除合同;发生保险事故的,保险人应当承担赔偿保险金的责任。 + +## 第十八条 + +除另有约定外,投保人应当在保险合同成立时交清保险费。投保人未及时足额缴纳保险费,保险人有权在保险费付款期限届满后立即书面通知投保人解除保险合同。 + +## 第十九条 + +被保险人应严格遵守国家有关产品设计、制造、包装、销售等方面的规定,加强管理,采取合理的预防措施,尽力避免或减少责任事故的发生。同时,应遵照国家法律法规以及政府相关部门的要求,对已经发现的缺陷应予立即修复,并采取改进措施以防止发生事故。 + +保险人可以对被保险人遵守前款约定的情况进行检查,向投保人、被保险人提出消除不安全因素和隐患的书面建议,投保人、被保险人应该认真付诸实施。 + +若在某一被保险产品中发现的缺陷表明或者预示类似缺陷亦存在于其他保险产品时,被保险人应立即自付费用进行调查并纠正该缺陷,否则由于类似缺陷造成的一切损失由被保险人自行承担。 + +投保人、被保险人未按照约定履行上述安全义务的,保险人有权要求增加保险费或者解除合同。 + +## 第二十条 + +在保险合同有效期内,保险标的的危险程度显著增加的,被保险人应当按照合同约定及时通知保险人,保险人可以按照合同约定增加保险费或者立即解除合同。 + +被保险人未履行前款约定的通知义务的,因保险标的的危险程度显著增加而发生的保险事故,保险人不承担赔偿保险金的责任。 + +## 第二十一条 + +知道意外事故发生后,被保险人应该: + +(一) 尽力采取必要、合理的措施,防止或减少损失,否则,对因此扩大的损失,保险人不承担赔偿责任; + +(二) 及时通知保险人,并书面说明事故发生的原因、经过和损失情况:故意或者因重大过失未及时通知,致使保险事故的性质、原因、损失程度等难以确定的,保险人对无法确定的部分,不承担赔偿责任,但保险人通过其他途径已经及时知道或者应当及时知道保险事故发生的除外: +(三) 保护事故现场,允许并且协助保险人进行事故调查。对于拒绝或者妨碍保险人进行事故调查导致无法确定事故原因或核实损失情况的,保险人对无法确定或核实的部分不承担赔偿责任。 + +## 第二十二条 + +被保险人收到第三者的损害赔偿请求时,应立即通知保险人。未经保险人书面同意,被保险人对第三者及其代理人作出的任何承诺、拒绝、出价、约定、付款或赔偿,保险人不受其约束。对于被保险人自行承诺或支付的赔偿金额,保险人有权重新核定,不属于本保险责任范围或超出应赔偿限额的,保险人不承担赔偿责任。在处理索赔过程中,保险人有权自行处理由其承担最终赔偿责任的任何索赔案件,被保险人有义务向保险人提供其所能提供的资料和协助。 + +## 第二十三条 + +被保险人获悉可能发生诉讼、仲裁时,应立即以书面形式通知保险人;接到法院传票或其他法律文书后,应将其副本及时送交保险人。保险人有权以被保险人的名义处理有关诉讼或仲裁事宜,被保险人应提供 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00069.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00069.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2d7e376b13009c9ff0d7742015a9b2ec4d63adf6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00069.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +The insurer shall notify the insured of its determination. If the claim falls within the coverage of this Contract, the insurer shall pay indemnities to the insured within ten (10) days after reaching an agreement on the payment with the insured. If the time limit of payment is agreed upon in this Contract, the insurer shall pay the indemnities in accordance with such provisions. If the insurer determines according to the preceding paragraph that the claim does not fall within the coverage of this Contract, the insurer shall render a notice of refusal for the payment to the insured within three (3) days from the date on which the determination was made and give the insured its explanations. + +## Article 16 + +Within sixty (60) days after receipt of a claim for indemnities and relevant proofs and information, if the claim falls within the coverage, but the final amount of the indemnities cannot be determined, the insurer shall make advance payment of the amount that can be determined based on the available proofs and information. The differences shall be made up by the insurer after the final amount is determined. + +## Obligations of the Policyholder and the Insured + +## Article 17 + +If the insurer inquires relevant circumstances of the subject matters of insurance or of the insured when forming this Contract, the Policyholder shall make full and accurate representation and disclosure. + +Where the Policyholder fails to perform its obligation of making full and accurate representation and disclosure as mentioned in the preceding paragraph intentionally or due to its gross negligence and such failure could influence the insurer on its decision as to whether to accept the application or to raise premium rate, the insurer is entitled to terminate this Contract. + +The right to terminate this Contract as specified in the preceding paragraph shall be extinguished if it is not exercised by the insurer within thirty (30) days after the date on which the insurer learns the causes of termination. + +Where the Policyholder fails to perform its obligation of making full and accurate representation and disclosure intentionally, the insurer shall not be liable to pay the indemnities for the insured accidents which occur before the termination of this Contract and shall not refund the premium been collected. + +Where the Policyholder fails to perform its obligation of making full and accurate representations and disclosure due to its gross negligence, and the failure has a material effect on the occurrence of the insured accident, the insurer shall not be liable to pay the indemnities for the insured accidents which occur before the termination of this Contract, but it shall refund the premium been collected. + +Where the insurer, upon forming this Contract, was aware that the Policyholder failed to make full and accurate representations and disclosure, it cannot terminate this Contract and the insurer shall be liable to pay the indemnities if the insured accident occurs. + +## Article 18 + +Unless otherwise agreed upon, the premium shall be paid up by the Policyholder when this Contract was formed. If the Policyholder does not pay the required premium as specified in the Schedule within the required payment period, the Insurer has the rights to cancel the Policy immediately by a written notification sent to the Policyholder. + +## Article 19 + +The insured shall strictly comply with all statutory requirements and regulations pertaining to the design, manufacture, packaging and sale of products or goods, improve management and take reasonable precaution for purpose of avoiding or reducing the occurrence of the insured accidents. Upon any defect being brought to his notice, the insured shall repair the defects and shall take improving measures to prevent accidents as required by laws, regulations and other administrative authorities. + +The insurer shall be entitled to inspect and check the insured’s compliance with the provisions agreed upon in preceding paragraph. The Policyholder and/or the insured shall faithfully execute the written proposals given by the insurer and focus on the ways to eliminate unsafe factors and potential dangers. + +If discovery of a defect in any insured products or goods indicates or suggests that similar defect exists in other insured products or goods, the insured shall, at his own expenses, investigate and rectify forthwith the defect in such other products or goods. Otherwise, all losses or damages arising out of the said defect shall be borne by the insured. + +Where the Policyholder and/or the insured fail to perform abovementioned obligations of maintaining safety, the insurer shall have the right to increase premium or terminate this + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00070.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00070.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..68bbc87a9bcbef381be054fb741ad9516c1d0efb --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00070.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +## 重新审视在商业合同中使用多层次争议解决条款的问题 + +## 作者: 刘洋、李敏琪、林敏惠、郑筱可 + +## $1.\ 简介$ + +多层次争议解决条款(也称为“升级”条款)在商业合同中颇为常见。这些条款通常要求合同双方先通过较没有那么正式的另类争议解决方式(如谈判和/或调解)以解决合同项下争议。如果双方未能达成解决方案,则可以通过约定的法院诉讼或仲裁程序解决其争议。这些条款如果起草得当,通常对商业当事人是有利,因为它们可以让当事人在不太对立的环境下(法院或仲裁之外)解决争议,以便继续维持双方之间的商业关系,并节省时间和金钱。然而,笔者最近经历了一种复杂情况,即升级条款给当事人启动法律诉讼设置了更多的障碍,反而导致费用上升和启动仲裁时间上的延迟。 + +在这篇文章中,笔者将讨论:(a) 在商业合同中加入多层次争议解决条款的利弊;(b) 香港法律规定参与调解的最低程度要求;(c) 香港上诉法庭最近作出的重大标志判决 C v D [2022] HKCA 729;以及(d) 一些对商业当事人在草拟和才难调解条款时的实用提示。 + +## 2. 多层次争议解决条款的利弊 + +使用多层次争议解决机制的一些常见好处和缺点如下: + + + +
优点缺点
• 通过另类争议解决方式,各方可以享有更大的程序灵活性,例如,各方更容易就会议/聆讯的日期、地点和模式、程序时间表、证据和后勤等事项达成一致。• 当事人可根据特定争议的性质提名自己认为合适的调解员和/或仲裁员。• 不希望在公开法庭提起诉讼的当事人也可以从大多数另类争议解决方式的权威性中受益。• 如果争议可以在仲裁或诉讼前解决,则可以节省时间和成本。• 仲裁或诉讼前的非对抗性谈判和调解可能使事人能够专注于自身的利益和商业目标,这可能有利于維持和维护商业关系(“留面”)• 程序灵活性的反面则是,当一条条款含糊不清时,它可能会导致争论空间:即使当事双方都不愿通过调解解决争议,仲裁程序也可能因此而推后启动;在最坏的情况下,调解可能导致仲裁程序的启动超出规定的时效期限(拖延策略)。对该条款的可执行性(有时被视为“病态条款”)的担忧:当该条款的措辞在是否被界定为先决步骤和强制性质方面不明确或模糊时,香港和英国法倾向于认为该条款不可执行。某些司法管辖区可能不允许同一个人在调解-仲裁程序中使用“切换角色”,即在调解过程中担任调
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00071.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00071.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..45066e28981c7ecca14a34431dcb88ad6bc13088 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00071.md @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +## (1) 一般规定 + +a)只委合同双方未做其他口头或书面约定,一般购买条款适用于卖方或供货方(下文统一称为卖方)的全部采购和供货行为。 + +b) 其他条件仅在我方书面确认的前提下方可得到适用。上一条也针对与一般购买条款不相符的打印版销售条款。 + +c) 仅书面出具并且以公司名义提交的订单和委托才具有约束力,这一点也针对附加订单、后续订单以及对已经提交订单和委托所进行的修改。 + +d) 补充协议、与本条款有出入的内容、添加项目、本条款的废止以及约定和解释均应以书面的形式出具方具有效力。上一条也针对该书面格式要求的废止。 + +e) 合同以及本条款的有效性,不因本一般购买条款或其他的合同约定中个别条款的失效而受到影响。失效条款将自动被与该条款在法律和经济上的意义和作用尽量相符的有效条款所代替。 + +## (2) 履行地 / 管辖法院 + +a)供货和支付的履行地一律为买方所在地,即便货物的交付依照约定在另一地点完成。 + +b) 唯一具有管辖权的法院是奥地利格拉茨(Graz)受理相关事务的负责法院,但是我们有权在卖方的普通管辖法院主张我方权利。 + +c) 仅适用奥地利法律,排除联合国国际货物销售合同公约的适用。 + +## (3) 担保 / 损害赔偿金 + +a) 卖方担保其供货或所提供的劳务具有其所承诺的或一般情况下预设的特定性质,该性质应符合技术上的更新状态和相关公认规则,符合应适用的规格和准则,并与产品出售所依托的模型样板相符,即便所提供的货物或部件并非由卖方自行生产。 + +b) 卖方在无异议的货物交付或无异议的劳务履行后 2 年内应承担担保义务。 + +c) 在发生担保责任的情况下,我方有权选择要求替代交付、实施改进或降价,亦可选择自行或由第三方排除缺陷(费用由卖方承担),我方还有权在交付或履行有轻微缺陷时单方面撤销合同。在由卖家排除缺陷的情形下,针对涉及缺陷的整个交付/劳务,其担保期限在我方验收改进结果后重新起算。 + +d) 在下述期限内做出的缺陷报告是未经延迟的缺陷报告:明显的缺陷自接受交付后六周,隐藏的缺陷自发现后六周。如果通常情况下货物仅在即将被使用时才拆封或者被加工,那么在拆掉包装时或在加工中发现的缺陷,应视同隐藏的缺陷。 + +e) 如果受托方或过错方为完成委托而延请的协助方导致了货物交付/劳务履行延迟或有瑕疵,我方因此发生的一切损失,应由受托方承担连带责任。 + +## (4) 期限 / 延迟 + +a)特殊的交付日应由我方确定。如果交付不能按期完成或者不完整,我们无须设定宽限期即可主张自身权利。 + +b) 卖方应该在交付延迟可以预见的情形下立即以书面形式通知该情况,并附上原因说明和预计推迟期。如果我方在这种情况下没有依照前述条款主张权利,则我方可以在我方设立的适当宽限期届期未果的情况下撤销合同,并且实施不利于卖方的补购行为。如果不可抗力导致的交付延迟,我方可以全部或部分撤销合同,或者要求在随后某个特定期限实现交付,卖方从中不获得针对我方的权利要求。 + +c) 因交付延迟或未履行交付而产生的损害赔偿请求权应指向产生的损失,且其无论如何是被许可的。 + +## (5) 支付 + +a) 我方在接到可验证账单后进行支付,如果没有其他约定,收到货物或接到账单后30天内支付可享受3%的折扣、60天内则须支付账单上的净值。 + +b)卖方同意针对任何类型的应收款项和应付款项进行的赔偿。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00072.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00072.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bc8a4e2d8645a1a7641133e74feba4396cd72582 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00072.md @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +## 中国大地保险附加个人意外伤害医疗保险条款 + +[注册编号:C00001032522019101513892] + +## 总则 + +第一条 本附加保险合同(以下简称“本附加合同”)附加于主险合同。凡主险合同内容与本附加合同相关者及本保险条款,均为本附加合同的构成部分。 + +本保险条款未尽事项,以主险保险条款为准;若主险保险条款与本保险条款内容冲突,则以本保险条款为准。 + +主险合同效力终止,本附加合同效力亦同时终止。 + +第二条 本附加合同被保险人、投保人同主险合同。 + +第三条 除本附加合同另有约定外,本附加合同保险金的受益人为被保险人本人。 + +## 保险责任 + +第四条 在保险期间内,被保险人每次遭受意外并在社会基本医疗保险定点医疗机构治疗由该次意外引致的伤害,由此发生符合当地社会基本医疗保险规定的支/给付范围和标准的、医学必要的医疗费用(以下简称“每次意外合理医疗费用”,其中每次保险事故门、急诊检查费以人民币300元为上限,本附加合同另有约定的不在此限),除本附加合同另有约定外,保险人按“(每次意外合理医疗费用-人民币100元)×80%”给付意外医疗保险金。 + +保险期间届满时该被保险人住院治疗仍未结束的,保险人继续承担意外医疗保险责任至其当次住院出院之时或者对应意外发生之日起第一百八十日二十四时(以先发生者为准)止;保险期间届满时该被保险人门诊治疗仍未结束的,保险人继续承担意外医疗保险责任至保险期间届满次日起第十五日二十四时止。 + +保险人根据本附加合同针对被保险人给付的意外医疗保险金累计以其意外医疗保险金额为上限,当达到该限额时,本附加合同约定的对该被保险人的保险责任终止。 + +## 责任免除 + +第五条 对被保险人发生的下列任何费用,保险人不承担给付保险金的责任: + +(一)因主险合同中列明的责任免除事项而发生的医疗费用或者与主险合同中列明的责任免除事项相关的医疗费用; + +(二)非直接用以治疗意外引致的伤害而发生的费用,对已有伤害的治疗费用; + +(三)不符合当地社会基本医疗保险规定的支/给付范围和标准的医疗费用; + +(四)矫形、洗牙、洁齿、整容、美容、心理咨询、体检、疗养、静养、康复治疗、健康护理、家庭病床治疗费用,修复、安装或者购买残疾用具(包括但不限于特别支架、器材、轮椅、拐杖、义肢、助听器、义牙、义眼、配镜)费用,与购置移植器官、捐献器官、保存和运输器官相关费用,体外医疗装置或者器材费用,试验性治疗费用; + +(五)不必要的转院治疗引发的额外费用; + +(六)医疗费用中依法应当由第三者赔偿的部分,但第三者逃逸、失踪且虽经诉讼无可以执行的财产或者无赔偿能力的不在此限。 + +## 保险金额 + +第六条 被保险人的意外医疗保险金额由投保人与保险人约定,并于本附加合同中载明。 + +## 保险期间 + +第七条 保险期间为一年,具体起讫时间由投保人与保险人约定,并于本附加合同中载明。 + +## 保险金的申请与给付 + +第八条 保险金申请人向保险人申请给付保险金时,应当 + +提交下列证明和资料。保险金申请人因特殊原因不能提供下列证明和资料的,应当提供其他合法、有效的证明和资料。 + +1. 保险金给付申请书; + +2. 保险单或者其他保险凭证、批单; + +3. 保险金申请人的身份证明,若保险金申请人系受托申请,还应当提供授权委托书和授权委托人的身份证明; + +4. 保险人认可的机构(包括公安部门)出具的意外事故证明; + +5. 社会基本医疗保险定点医疗机构出具的医疗费用原始收据及明细、诊断证明、病历、出院证明; + +6. 投保人、被保险人或者保险金申请人所能提供的其他与确认事故的性质、原因、损失程度等有关的证明和资料。 + +保险金申请人未能提供有关证明和资料,导致保险人无法核实该申请的真实性的,保险人对无法核实部分不承担给付保险金的责任。 + +第九条 被保险人遭受保险事故的,保险人有权对投保人、被保险人、保险金申请人和有关医疗机构等进行调查和检查,投保人、被保险人、保险金申请人等应当予以充分配合。 + +第十条 保险金申请人对保险人请求给付保险金的诉讼时效期间为二年,自其知道或者应当知道保险事故发生之日起计算。 + +## 医疗费用补偿原则 + +第十一条 被保险人因每次遭受意外而接受治疗发生医疗费用,保险人针对其给付的保险金以该次意外合理医疗费用扣除被保险人已从社会基本医疗保险、公费医疗、互助保险、除本保险外的其他商业保险、公益慈善机构、第三方责任人等获得的补偿后的余额为上限。 + +## 释义 + +意外:指外来的、突发的、非本意的、非疾病的使身体受到伤害的客观事件。 + +当地:指签发本附加合同的保险人分支机构所在地。 + +社会基本医疗保险:指城镇职工基本医疗保险、城乡居民基本医疗保险或者其他类似的社会医疗保险,以被保险人实际参加者为准;被保险人未参加的,每次意外合理医疗费用按照城镇职工基本医疗保险的范围执行。 + +检查费:指发生的、符合当地社会基本医疗保险规定的支/给付范围和标准的必要的检查、检验、化验和摄片等四项费用。 + +医疗机构:指拥有合法经营执照,设立的主要目的为向受伤者和患病者提供住院治疗和护理服务而非主要作为康复医院、诊所、护理、疗养、戒酒、戒毒、养老院或类似目的,具有符合所在地有关医院管理规则设置标准的医疗设施,有合格的医生和护士提供全日二十四小时的医疗和护理服务的机构。 + +住院:指入住保险人指定或者认可的医疗机构的正式病房,并办理入出院手续,不包括门(急)诊观察室诊疗、家庭病床、挂床住院、其他非正式的病床住院及不合理住院。被保险人因非医疗目的自行离开病房十二小时以上(含)的,视为自动出院。 + +挂床:指住院过程中一日内未接受与入院诊断相关的检查和治疗或者一日内住院不满二十四小时。遵医嘱到外院接受临时诊疗的不在此限。 + +试验性治疗:指不符合接受医疗所在地医学界认可实践的治疗方法、手段、设备、药品等。 + +境内:指中国大陆地区。 + +境外:非境内。 + +保险金申请人:指受益人或者依法享有保险金请求权的其他人。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00073.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00073.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1d6875fa13c8ef493ec525df8d1694fa5d1e2b5d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00073.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +13. Offer of a Place and Deposit: For applicants who have been offered a place, the Parents confirm that the Pupil is definitely coming to the School in that term by submitting application and paying the School Deposit (where required). + +入学通知和保证金:对于最终录取的申请者,家长完成提交申请并支付入学保证金(如适用)即表示学生届时一定会按期入学。 + +14. Admission Requirements: Before entering the School, the Pupil must satisfy the School's entry requirements. In the case of sixth form entrants, IGCSE, or equivalent qualifications should be met. The School does not assure that Pupils meeting the relevant entry requirements would be admitted. It should be the Parent's responsibility at all times to ensure that the Pupil has the appropriate immigration permission to reside in the country and to study at the School. + +入学要求:学生入学前必须满足入学要求。对于高二、高三年级的入学者,应持有国际中学教育普通证书(iGCSE)或同等资质。学校不保证符合相关入学资格的学生一定会被学校录取。家长有责任确保学生在任何时间内有在国内居住及在学校学习的适当的入境许可。 + +15. The School Deposit: The School may require applicants or students admitted to the School to pay the School Deposit where not prohibited by the applicable PRC laws. The refundable School Deposit is payable upon a Parent's receipt of an offer letter and invoice from the School. It will be repaid to Parents in accordance with this Terms and Conditions. Unless otherwise agreed with the Head, the School Deposit will only be refunded before entry where the Pupil has failed to meet the Admission Requirements. However, the School reserves the right to offset this deposit against part or all of any amount that Parents may owe at any time to the School, including but not limited to outstanding tuition fees, exchange loss from foreign currency transfers into an RMB account, charges for academic materials, lunch, transportation and to cover the loss or non-return of school books and equipment, or courier fees. Should the outstanding amount have exceeded amount equivalent to the School Deposit, payment for the difference is required. + +入学保证金:在不违反现行中国法的前提下,学校可能要求已经录用的申请人或学生支付入学保证金。入学保证金是可退还的,家长应在收到录取通知函和学校账单后支付。入学保证金将根据本条款和条件退还家长。除非与校长另有协议,否则只有在学生未能达到入学要求的情况下,才可在入学前退还入学保证金。但是学校保留权利用这笔入学保证金抵消家长任何时候可能欠付学校的部分或全部款项,包括但不限于未付的学费,因将外币转入人民币账户而产生的汇兑损失,用于学习材料、午餐、交通的费用,赔偿丢失或不归还的课本和设备,或快递费用。如果未偿金额超过相当于入学保证金的金额,则必须支付差额。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00074.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00074.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4ce15d5171982350e50eb93b76ff25fc07b88102 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00074.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +## 标准采购条款与条件 + +1. 范围 + +对于供应商交付物,本标准采购条款与条件(简称“条款”)适用于Hydro Extruded Solutions AS或其任何子公司(Hydro Extruded Solutions AS或其各自子公司)向供应商或其任何附属公司提交的每份采购订单(如本文所定义),并通过引用自动纳入其中。除非海德鲁书面明确同意,否则对这些条款的任何变更均无任何效力。对任何采购订单的接受均明确限于该等条款,海德鲁反对并拒绝任何与之不同的或附加回应条款。供应商对采购订单或类似文件的报价、确认或接受中背书、交付或包含的任何其他条款或条件均不构成双方合同的一部分,将自动作废、被取代且并无法律效力。供应商放弃其以其他方式须依赖的任何其他条款与条件的任何权利。双方之前的交易过程或交易惯例该等条款的与补充或修改无关。 + +海德鲁和供应商之间的合同应包括:(a)海德鲁的采购订单;(b)此类条款;(c)供应商报价(在不与采购订单或本条款冲突的范围内);和(d)海德鲁以书面形式明确接受的任何其他规范,如上所述。 + +2. 定义 + +“附属公司”指对一方或另一方而言,直接或间接置于同一上级控制之下的公司,以及通过拥有与投票权相结合的多数股份,或者通过以其他方式行使控制权(除拥有相关受控公司股份以外)而在这些公司中拥有多数权益的任何公司。 + +“交付物”指供应商按照采购订单规定交付的所有货物和服务。 + +“交付”应按照海德鲁指示,在海德鲁制造现场进行 DDP(根据 INCO-TEMPS®2010),除非双方另有书面约定。交付物的所有权应在海德鲁接收后转移。 + +“交付日期”指海德鲁收到交付物的日期。 + +“提靠期”指从供应商收到采购订单之日到交付日期之间计算得出的报价时间范围。 + +“采购订单”指海德鲁为交付物发出的采购订单;采购订单可采用书面形式、电子邮件或电子方式,通过海德鲁的企业资源规划(ERP)系统发布采购订单。 + +“规范”指通过引用描述交付物特性和性能参数的此类条款、供应商报价、采购订单或框架工程供应协议中的文件(如有)而所用或纳入的文件。 + +3. 一般条款与条件 + +3.1 接受采购订单。供应商应在收到订单后三(3)个工作日内接受并书面确认海德鲁所提交的所有订单。如海德鲁在此时间范围内未收到对其采购订单的书面确认,将自动视其已接受该采购订单。供应商应尽最大努力满足交付日期要求。如果供应商无法满足交付日期要求,则可接受的交付日期最迟不得晚于采购订单接收日期再加上报价的提前期。 + +3.2 提前期和延迟。供应商承认,在交付日期或此之前,或在任何报价的提前期内交货是海德鲁合同的基本要素。如预计会出现任何延迟,供应商应立即将其原因以及供应商为尽量减少延迟而提议采取的步骤告知海德鲁。此外,供应商应安排所有必要的额外资源,以尽量将对海德鲁的任何不利影响降至最低。 + +如果供应商未能满足交付日期要求,则海德鲁可选择采取以下一种或多种补救措施,但不得妨害其权利和补救措施:(i)接受修改后的交付日期,(ii)重新安排交付,(iii)取消其采购订单或终止合同,而不对供应商承担任何责任或义务,(iv)从替代来源获得交付物,并获得供应商对任何成本增加所做的补偿,(v)获得供应商对所有损失所做的补偿,或(vi)寻求法律或衡平法上可利用的任何补救措施。 + +除上述情况外,供应商应为延迟交付支付罚款,罚金应为采购订单价值百分之一(1%)/日历日,且最高不超过其总价的百分之二十(20%)。这一补救措施并无排他性,也不影响海德鲁可利用的任何其他权利和补救措施。 + +3.3 变更和重新安排。在提前三十(30)天发出书面通知后,海德鲁可:(a)更改所订购的交付物数量;和/或(b)重新安排任何已商定的交付日期,如果该日期在最初交付日期后的九十(90)天内,则不应增加任何费用。数量或交付日期的变更取决于海德鲁补偿供应商因该变化而产生的任何合理且记录在案的额外直接成本。 + +3.4 因违约或不履行而终止,如出现以下情况,则海德鲁将保留终止采购订单或合同的全部或任何部分的权利,且无需对供应商承担任何责任:(a)供应商拒绝履行或违反任何采购订单或合同中的任何条款(包括供应商保证);(b)供应商未按合同要求提供交付物或(c)供应商未达到进度要求,以至于危及其在交付日期之前及时妥善交付交付物的能力,且未在收到海德鲁说明此类拒绝履约、违约或失败行为的书面通知后十(10)天内补救此类行为(或者更短时间,但须在在此情况下具有商业合理性)。 + +3.5 出于方便而终止。除海德鲁的任何其他权利外,海德鲁还可通过书面通知供应商,随时以任何理由(或无理由)终止采购订单或合同的全部或任何部分。终止合同后,海德鲁应只向供应商支付以下款项,不得重复:(a)根据采购订单或合同已完成但之前未付款的所有交付物的合同价格;以及(b)供应商收到采购订单或合同下的通知时,在制品和原材料的实际成本,前提是这些成本金额合理,并可根据公认会计原则适当分配给采购订单或合同的终止部分,再减去供应商在海德鲁书面同意下使用或销售的任何交付物的合理价值或成本(以较高者为准)的总和,以及任何损坏或毁坏的交付物的成本。对于供应商制造或采购的成品交付物、在制品或原材料,海德鲁并无义务为其支付金额超出交付通知授权金额的款项,也并无义务为供应商标准库存中或适合销售的所有未交付交付物付款。海德鲁应为供应商按照未完成的交付或发布日程在终止之日理应交付的已完工交付物付款,而根据本节支付的款项不得超过该笔付款的总价。这应为供应商应采取的唯一补救措施,也是海德鲁为方便终止采购订单或合同而承担的唯一责任。海德鲁及其代表有权审核和检查与任何终止要求相关的所有账簿、记录、设施、工作、材料、库存和其他项目。 + +3.6 HSE。供应商应有一套令人满意的系统,以遵守健康最佳实践规定、安全和环境要求,以及适用于交付物的质量保证措施。 + +4. 价格和付款 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00075.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00075.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..390151dc60671542f697c6f4b29e05f0fb836491 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00075.md @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +## 信泰附加百万守护(典藏版)两全保险条款 + +## 阅读指引 + +本阅读指引旨在帮助您理解条款,具体内容以条款约定为准。 + +## 您拥有的重要权益 + +- 在犹豫期內解除本附加合同,您可以要求退回扣除工本費後您所繳納的保险費........................................1.5 + +- 本附加合同為被保险人提供的保障在保险責任條款中列明.............................................2.4 + +- 犹豫期后,您有解除本附加合同的權利.............................................7 + +## 您需要特别注意的事项 + +- 发生本附加合同约定的责任免除情形之一导致被保险人身故或全残的,我们不承担给付保险金的责任———2.5 +- 您应当按本附加合同约定支付保险费———3 +- 在本附加合同效力中止期间,我们不承担保险责任———4.1 +- 您有如实告知的义务———5.2 +- 保险事故发生后,请您及时通知我们———6.2 +- 您在犹豫期后解除本附加合同可能会遭受一定损失———7 +- 我们对条款中出现的一些重要术语进行了解释,请您注意———9 + +## 条款是保险合同的重要内容,为充分保障您的权益,请您仔细阅读本条款。 + +## 条款目录 + +1. 您与我们的合同 +1.1 合同的订立 +1.2 合同成立生效 +1.3 投保年齡 +1.4 保险期间 +1.5 犹豫期 +2. 我们提供的保障 +2.1 基本保险金额 +2.2 未成年人身故保险金限制 +2.3 等待期 +2.4 保险责任 +2.5 责任免除 +2.6 其他免除保险责任条款 +3. 如何支付保险费 +3.1 保险费的支付 +3.2 宽限期 +4. 合同效力的中止及恢复 +4.1 合同效力的中止 +4.2 合同效力的恢复 +5. 明确说明与如实告知 +5.1 明确说明 +5.2 如实告知 +5.3 本公司合同解除权的限制 +6. 如何申请领取保险金 +6.1 受益人 +6.2 保险事故通知 +6.3 保险金申请 +6.4 保险事故鉴定 +6.5 保险金给付 +6.6 年金转换选择权 +6.7.诉讼时效 + +7.您犹豫期后解除合同的手续及风险 +您犹豫期后解除合同的手续及风险 + +8. 其他需要注意的事項 +8.1 年龄确定与错误处理 +8.2 本附加合同的效力 +8.3 适用主合同条款 + +9. 解义 +9.1 保单年度 +9.2 保费约定支付日 +9.3 周岁 +9.4 意外伤害 +9.5 全残 +9.6 累计已交保险费 +9.7 现金价值 +9.8 毒品 +9.9 酒后驾驶 +9.10 无合法有效驾驶证驾驶 +9.11 无有效行驶证 +9.12 本附加合同约定利率 diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00076.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00076.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5346ef4ceee3d6dcbbcabe566f9b2b96404c1ad7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00076.md @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +## 住宿条款 + +## 【第7条(住宿登记)】 + +住宿者应在住宿日当天到本酒店前台(总服务台)、就以下事项办理住宿登记手续。 + +(1) 第3条第1项所规定的事项。 + +(2) 外籍旅客应填写护照号码、入境地点及入境日期。 + +(3) 出发日期和时间。 + +(4) 其他本酒店认为有必要的事项。 + +## 【第8条(退房结账时间)】 + +(1) 住宿者退房时间(退房结账时间)限为上午10点前。 + +(2) 本酒店有时可不拘于上项的规定,同意住宿者在超过退房结账时间后继续使用客房。在此情况下将按照下述收取超过时间的房费。 + +14:00前(以每间2小时计)…… 单人间¥1,200日元 + +标准间¥2,400日元·大床间¥2,400日元(各含消费税) + +14:00后……全天房费。 + +## 【第9条(付款)】 + +(1)住宿者应在办理住宿登记手续时,在本酒店前台,用日元或本酒店认可的信用卡、联票支付房费。 + +(2) 住宿者开始使用客房后即使任意不住宿,也将收取房费。 + +## 【第10条(遵守住宿规则)】 + +住宿者在本酒店内应遵守本酒店所规定的住宿规则。 + +## 【第11条(谢绝继续住宿)】 + +本酒店对于已住在本酒店的旅客,在下列情况下可谢绝继续住宿。 + +(1) 符合第2条第3项至第9项的规定时。 + +(2) 在不能遵守上述住宿规则时。 + +## 【第12条(住宿责任)】 + +(1) 有关本酒店承担的住宿责任,开始于住宿者在本酒店前台(总服务台)办理住宿登记时或进入客房时的最早一方,结束于住宿者因为出发而退房离开时。 + +(2) 由于本酒店的责任不能向住宿者继续提供客房时,除了天灾等原因所造成的困难以外,本酒店将为住宿者介绍其他条件相同或类似的住宿设施。在此情况下,将不收取停止提供客房当天及其后的房费。 + +(3) 由于住宿者不遵守本酒店所规定的住宿规则而引起的事故,本酒店不予负责。 + +(4) 本酒店不寄存贵重物品。请住宿者各自保管。关于携带至本酒店的物品或现金以及贵重物品,只要我们酒店没有故意或重大过失,即使发生遗失,损坏,本酒店也概不负责。另外,关于贵重物品以外的寄存物品,只要我们酒店没有故意或重大过失,即使发生遗失、损坏,本酒店也概不负责。 + +(5) 本酒店员工对接收的信条、传真,在旅客前来咨询提取时转交。转交时,有时可能要求提示身份证等。另,对没有能转交或转交不及时等纠纷,不管其结果如何本酒店不负任何责任。 + +## 收取违约金的规定 + +※相对于住宿费用的比率 + + + +
不住当天前一天7天前14天前21天前
取消人数1 ~ 4位100%100%0%0%0%0%
5-9位100%100%80%20%0%0%
10位以上100%100%80%50%20%10%
+ +但是事先有特别签约的情况则不受此限。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00077.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00077.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dea714b267e7d36289c5f113a066613476f9e486 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00077.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +## 目录 + +1. 合同构成.....4 +2. 合同成立.....4 +3. 投保年龄.....4 +4. 合同生效.....4 +5. 保险责任.....4 +5.1. 保险责任的开始.....4 +5.2. 保险期间.....4 +5.3. 保险金额.....4 +5.4. 本公司承担的保险责任.....5 +5.4.1. 生存保险金.....5 +5.4.2. 身故保险金.....5 +5.4.3. 满期保险金.....5 +5.5. 责任免除.....5 +6. 保险费.....5 +6.1. 保险费支付方式.....5 +7. 保险金的领取.....6 +7.1. 受益人的指定和变更.....6 +7.1.1. 身故保险金受益人.....6 +7.1.2. 生存保险金受益人.....6 +7.1.3. 满期保险金受益人.....6 +7.2. 保险事故的通知.....6 +7.3. 保险金申请.....7 +7.3.1. 身故保险金的申请.....7 +7.3.2. 生存保险金的申请.....7 +7.3.3. 满期保险金的申请.....7 +7.4. 特别注意事项.....7 +7.5. 保险金诉讼时效.....7 +7.6. 保险金的给付.....7 +7.7. 宣告死亡处理.....8 +8. 现金价值权益.....8 +8.1. 现金价值.....8 +8.2. 保单贷款.....8 +9. 未还款项.....8 +10. 合同效力的变动.....9 +10.1. 合同的变更.....9 +10.1.1. 合同内容的变更.....9 +10.1.2. 联系方式的变更.....9 +10.1.3. 职业或工种的确定与变更.....9 +10.2. 合同的解除——退保.....9 +10.2.1. 犹豫期.....9 +10.2.2. 犹豫期后退保.....10 +10.3. 合同效力的终止.....10 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00078.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00078.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7584f1de8c566121379423afe9ab0e80969fa3c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00078.md @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +## 条款与条件 + +1. 协议: + +本协议(以下简称“协议”)由买方和卖方就某些产品(“产品”)的销售而签订,买方明确并同意协议包含之所有条款与条件。倘若买方在收到协议后十(10)天因其过失不提出书面异议,或者买方已接受产品,则应视为同意协议包含之所有条款与条件,尽管(i)买方此前可能发送或将会发送给卖方且视为被卖方反对的任何形式的采购订单的正面或反面上包含不同的或额外的条款与条款,(ii)卖方已发货和/或(iii) + +卖方已接受该产品的采购价格。在任何情况下,倘若协议之条款与条件与买方的采购订单有不一致或冲突之处,须以条款与条件之规定为准。 + +2. 完整协议: + +协议之条款与条件包含买方与卖方就有关产品之销售事宜达成的协议条款的最终、完整和唯一声明,除协议中声明者外,并未就此事达成其他口头理解或协议。 + +3. 修改: + +因买方过失未在上述期限内提出书面异议,或者买方已接受产品、则不可修改和更改协议之条款与条件中的条款、规定或条件,或添加任何条款、规定或条件,除非有卖方正式授权代表签名的书面文件。买方订单中达成共识的任何变更将要在采购价格和/或协议中规定的履行期限方面进行公平调整。 + +4. 取消——买方责任: + +除非卖方以书面方式作出同意,否则买方不得取消或修改协议之条款与条件,且买方应就买方取消协议导致卖方蒙受之任何损失承担责任,若因买方过失没有接受或拒绝接受卖方制造或生产的产品或其他细节,无论是在交付给承运人之前还是之后,卖方可以在不发出通知的情况下保留或收回前述产品,且买方应支付完整采购价格减去扣除额,得出扣除运费、储存费、搬运费和其他费用后的现值。 + +5.价格更改: + +产品的价格和费用可能会按照卖方发货给买方时生效的价格和费用进行调整和开具发票。 + +6.付款: + +买方的财务责任始终要获得卖方的同意,卖方可以随时要求预付货款或者要求发票在到期时获得即时支付的满意担保或保证。倘若买方没有遵守任何付款条款或保证付款的要求,卖方可保留暂停继续交货或终止协议的权利,且任何未付金额应随即结清。根据本段前述句子中规定的卖方权利,除非卖方另有指示,否则所有报价均为在卖方工厂或装运港船上交货承运人,期限:每月一号至十五号发出的货物应在同月二十五号付款。每月十六号至月底发出的货物应在下月十号付款。所有付款均是净价,无折扣。 + +7. 可原谅的延误: + +倘若卖方出于某些原因无法履行其在协议中的任何义务,包括但不限于交付产品,卖方无须对此承担责任,也不应被视为违约,这些原因包括:火灾、洪水、干旱、天灾、战争、暴乱、罢工、停工、运输延误、禁运、政府命令(在任何情况下,干扰制造或生产产品需要的必要材料或产品的采购、制造或流动)或买方的作为或不作为(包括但不限于:买方没有立即遵守付款条款)(统称“可原谅的延误”)。交付日期应根据任何可原谅的延误造成的损失时间相应延长。 + +8. 运输重量:除可能要求卖方遵守《集装箱联合安全运输法》(第49编第5901小节以下)以外,卖方提供给买方的任何文件上列明运输重量(若有),卖方无须就重量的准确性负责。该重量的提供只是为了使买方能够估算运输费。 + +9. 税款: + +在法律允许的范围内,任何联邦州、外国或本地机构征收的所有现行税种或未来税项,包括卖方根据或按照产品的销售、采购、运输、交付、储存、使用或消费可能需要交付或代收的销售税、使用税、制造商税、消费税、增值税和/或类似税项(除收入所得税外),应添加到产品的采购价格内,且应由买方向卖方支付。在任何情况下,卖方无须对可能征收或买方宣称到期的,以及买方声称或宣称卖方以任何方式或因卖方过失、疏忽或拒绝,或因声称或宣称的过失、疏忽或拒绝,没有按照协议中规定的数量和/或方式按时装船或交付产品产生的任何税款、估价或其他政府收费负责。 + +10. 错误: 速记错误和笔误可以更改。 + +11.交付与装运: + +在卖方工厂或装运港船上交货给承运人时,所有所有权损失、赔偿和其他意外风险应立即转移至买方,但是卖方应保留该产品的抵押权益直至收到全额付款为止,以作为对买方履行付款义务的担保。卖方保留在未能及时完成产品以便装入买方安排的整车货运和发货订单时,采用拼箱货和/或零担货件运输的权利。此外,卖方还保留从具有特定权限为卖方提供服务的承运人当中选择公共承运人运输产品的权利。 + +12. 有限担保和担保免责声明: + +对于直接从卖方(无论是自然人还是公司)采购产品的原始设备制造商买方,索方独自做出以下明确担保:原始设备制造商买方不应通过担保、合约或其他方式,为卖方承担与通过任何个人(包括OEM)转售卖方按照订单交付的任何材料相关的任何债务或责任。在本担保下卖方的唯一和专有债务,经卖方检验并确认完全因为材料或工艺缺陷导致零部件不工作,就原始设备制造商买方采购卖方制造的产品或零件(“零部件”)而支付给卖方的采购价格,向原始设备制造商买方退还相应金额。若在美国制造,卖方应在制造日期起二十(20)个月内收到,若在美国以外制造(从产品代码牌/序列号标签判断),则应在制造日期起二十四(24)个月内收到。冷凝装置必须和压缩机一起退还才有资格获得保修服务。此处包含的有限担保进一步限制为如下,以便该义务不会: + +(i) +使卖方承担与任何产品或零部件的维修或替换相关的任何其他人士产生的任何成本或支出: + +(ii)延伸到由于以下原因不可工作的任何产品或零部件: + +a. 使用产品或零部件的任何制冷系统、制冷装置或其中的任何零部件发生故障或有任何缺陷。而该产品或零部件不是导致故障或缺陷的唯一原因: +b. 因为系统处理、设计或安装:或 + +c. 因为不遵守卖方提供的任何指示、手册和注意事项: + +(iii) 若卖方检验并确认产品或零部件不存在材料或工艺缺陷,排除或限制卖方对任何在保修期内退还的货物做出不利于买方人员的更改: + +(iv)使卖方承担除卖方的“仅适用于原始设备制造商的总方针和退货程序”(可按要求提供)中描述的运费补贴以外的任何运输成本: + +(v)延伸至运输、储存、或搬运产品或零部件期间对产品或零部件造成的任何损失或损坏;或 + +(vi)延伸至(所述担保将自动失效)缺少卖方序列号或卖方代码牌/序列号标签或字迹变得模糊不清的任何产品或零部件。 + +卖方保留对产品或零部件的设计进行更改、添加和改进,而不使卖方承担对之前生产的产品或零部件的设计进行更改、添加和改进的权利。此处所列的有限担保是买方向卖方及与产品相关的供应商追索的唯一补救。不论是否符合合约、侵权法或任何其他法律理论,代替所有其他明示、法定或暗示担保。卖方在此对所有其他担保予以否认和排除,包括但不限于:对适销性、特定用途的适用性或使用的任何担保,以及卖方对由于或关于使用或维修产品或产品性能引起的损坏承担的所有债务或责任。对于违反任何和所有担保的唯一和专有补救,以及卖方对于本担保涵盖的任何产品或零部件承担的任何类型责任的补救(包括疏忽责任),应仅限于就买方支付给卖方的采购价格向买方退还相应的金额。 + +13. 责任范围: + +在任何情况下,不论是否符合合约、侵权法或任何其他法律理论,卖方无须对任何特殊、间接、意外、惩戒性或从属损失或赔偿负责,包括但不限于:任何直接或间接的损失利润、使用性或收入、无须为资本成本、替代使用成本或性能,或者增加的操作或维护成本负责,不论该损失或赔偿是否可预见或卖方已知悉该等潜在损失或赔偿的可能性。卖方不承担除协议明确规定以外的任何担保义务或责任,也不允许任何个人或实体,包括但不限于向卖方购买产品的买方,代表卖方给予任何担保或承担任何担保义务或责任。 + +14.赔偿: + +在任何情况下,卖方不对因其违反协议之任何条款造成的间接、意外或从属赔偿负责,也不为特殊赔偿负责,即使卖方已知悉该等潜在损失或赔偿的可能性;卖方也不对不恰当选择协议正面描述的任何产品用于特定用途承担责任。 + +15. 终止:倘若买方违反协议,卖方可以提前十(10)天发出书面终止通知来终止协议。倘若卖方因买方违约而终止协议,卖方有权就与协议相关产生的任何劳动、材料或其他费用,加上合理的费用金额,获得合理补偿。 + +16. 补偿金:在法律允许的最大范围内,买方必须保护和使卖方及其员工和代理人免受因以下事项可能产生或需要支付的所有金额、费用、债务、损失、义务、诉讼、赔偿、罚款、罚金、利息和其他开支(包括调查费和律师费):(i) +买方能忽、使用、拥有、维护、转让、运输或处置产品;(ii) +买方的计划、规格(包括买方的商标和品牌名称)或买方订购的产品的生产对他人的工业和知识产权造成侵权或宣称侵权;(iii) +买方违反或宣称违反任何联邦、州、县或当地法律或法规。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00079.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00079.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f0d6487cd065c9669a388cd9e884d812c92a6d5d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00079.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +## 格式条款及其规制规则的适用范围 +中,出现了合同条款由一方当事人预先拟定,而非由双方协商确定的现象。拟订合同的一方多为经济上处于优势地位的企业,而相对方多为不特定多数的普通消费者,无法直接参与格式条款的拟定。可以说,由合同一方当事人预先拟定是格式条款最直观的特征,也是很多情形下裁判者判断特定条款是否为格式条款的首要标准。 + +## 2. 条款内容稳定不变 + +格式条款在内容上具有稳定性和不变性,也有学者将其称为定型化特点。它对所有将与拟定条款的一方订立合同的相对人普遍适用,一方面不允许相对人对条款内容作任何变动,另一方面也不因相对人的变化而变化。格式条款的定型化也表现为在适用过程中,要约人和承诺人双方的地位也是固定的,而不像一般合同在订立过程中,要约方和承诺方的地位可以随时改变。$^{30}$ 虽然格式条款的内容稳定不变,但并不必然表现为预先印制于纸上,除此之外,格式条款可以有多种表现形式,例如《上海市合同格式条款监督条例》第二条规定格式条款还可以表现为商业广告、通知、声明、店堂告示、凭证、单据等形式。 + +## 3. 合同相对方没有协商的自由 + +格式条款由合同一方当事人预先拟定,但我们认为,这并不是其区分于一般合同条款的本质特征。在实践中许多当事人也会由一方预先拟定合同草案,以此作为双方谈判的基础,但双方皆可在草案的基础上协商修改,最终确定双方均接受的条款。 + +格式条款的本质特征在于一方当事人在将其预先拟定的格式条款订入合同时,并未与对方协商,并且合同相对方也没有要求协商的权利,对于格式条款只能选择整体接受或拒绝。 + +虽然从法律上讲,合同相对人仍然享有是否接受格式条款的权利,因此仍然享有一定程度的合同自由$^{31}$;但实际上拟定条款的一方往往在经济上具有强大的支配力,可以拒绝任何相对方对其拟定的条款作出任何变更;而相对方则处于弱势,没有与对方讨价还价的余地,要么整体上接受合同,要么全部拒绝而不订立合同,其协商的自由已被彻底剥夺。可以说,以格式条款订立合同虽然在外表上符合契约自由,但在实质上却违背了契约正义的要求。$^{32}$在某些情况下,比如格式条款系由特定领域中的垄断企业所拟定,当相对方必须接受对方提供的商品或者服务时,格式条款的这一特征所带来的双方地位不平等问题尤为突出。从这一点上讲,格式条款因相对方被动接受合同条款,只能附合于另一方的意志,因此在英美等域外法中,格式合同也被称作“附合合同”。 + +## 五、结论 + +我们认为,造成本文上述案例中对格式条款规则的适用范围问题出现观点各异的原因不在于我国 + + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00080.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00080.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e471c71400456ebca3bcbfbf29ab9f12c7cd5df5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00080.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +的任何税费,则供货方应在收到通知的十(10)天内向购货方偿还此等税费,并对购货方因支付任何此等税费而导致的所有索赔给予赔偿、进行辩护并使其免受损失。 + +18. 合同扣减和抵销。本合同或任何其他协议项下购货方或购货方的关联公司应向供货方或供货方的关联公司支付的所有款项,应扣除供货方或供货方的关联公司对购货方或购货方关联公司的任何债务或其他义务。就供货方或供货方的关联公司对购货方或购货方的关联公司的任何金钱债务(包括因供货方未能及时交付交付物、交付物不符合适用的保证、或本合同或与购货方或购货方的关联公司签订的任何其他协议的供货方的其他违约情形而导致的直接和间接损失、费用和损害)而言,购货方可随时从本合同或任何其他协议项下应付给供货方或供货方关联公司的总额中扣除此等金额,从而弥补、补偿或抵销此等金额(如适用),而无论这些债务之间是否有任何关系。 + +## D. 保证、质量保证和一般救济 + +## 19. 保证. + +19.1)综述。供货方向购货方及其继任者和指定人明确担保和保证,所有交付物:i)在价格、质量、交付和技术方面具有竞争力;ii)符合所有适用的规格、标准、图纸、样品、说明和修订;iii)遵守交付物或其他纳入交付物(“最终产品”)的其他产品出售地及/或购货方采购所在国家/地区的所有适用的法律、法令、条例和标准;iv)适销且在以下方面无瑕疵:1)设计(如果是由供货方或任何其分包商、代理或供应商设计,即使设计已被供货方批准):2)物料(包括但不限于生锈或其他污染):及3)工艺:v)由供货方根据购货方设定的用途进行挑选、设计(如果由供货方或其分包商、代理或供应商设计,即使设计已被购货方批准)、制造和组装;vi)适合并充分满足购货方的既定用途(供货方负责确定购货方的用途,并认定交付物适合在既定用途和最终产品的运行环境中工作):vii)不涉及任何留置权、索赔和产权负担,包括但不限于知识产权侵权的索赔:viii)全部采用新物料制造,除非订单中另有明确规定:ix)如为服务或技术数据,将按照购货方的说明或其他要求,以专业和熟练的技术实施或制备:x)如为构成交付物任意部分的软件或代码,则无病毒、禁用代码和开源软件:及xi)严格、完全遵照购货方的质量标准。除上述保证外,供货方还应将交付物部件或组件的制造商所提供的所有陈述和保证递交给购货方。 + +19.2) 保证期限。供货方的保证期限为以下较长者: + +i)购货方就其销售的最终产品所提供的任何保证的期限——这一期限完全公开,并通过引用的方式纳入合同,购货方会根据书面请求予以提供;或 + +ii) 自相关的最终产品首次使用后的三十六(36)个月。 + +19.3) 非排他性保证。本条中包含的保证是对任何合同或法律所提供的明示或暗示的保证或救济的补充,而不应被解释为是对这类保证或救济的明示地或暗示地限定或限制。供货方以任何方式限制、否认或限定购货方任何此等保证或救济的任何企图均无效。 + +19.4) 违约通知。下列每一情形均构成对违反保证的通知:i)购货方向供货方发送的通信,其中指出缺陷、违约、缺陷索赔或有关交付物的其他问题或质量问题(例如,购货方向供货方发送一份供应商整改行动要求或有关任何最终产品的客户质保索赔数据);ii)发送给供货方的任何通信,其中声称交付物违反任何保证或供货方违反任何合同;及iii)购货方依据第33.2(iii)条的规定发送的适用的终止通知。购货方对任何违约的指控只能以签署的书面形式撤回。 + +19.5) 对索赔的辩护。如第三方尝试让购货方对因供货方(全部或部分)引起的问题负责而提起索赔,为减轻索赔所造成的损害,购货方将对任何第三方所声称的供货方提供的交付物有缺陷、违反保证或不符合法律或合同要求等进行全力辩护。各方同意此等辩护是互惠的,且对此等辩护不应限制购货方从供货方获得补偿或捐款的权利;就此,供货方放弃前述辩护的权利主张。 + +## 20. 质量保证。 + +20.1) 质量标准。供货方应符合购货方的全球供应商质量手册中所包含的质量标准,该手册位于 http:// www.ingersollrand.com/supplier/quality ,并由购货方不时进行修订(“质量标准”)。该质量标准通过引用的方式纳入本合同。经供货方请求,购货方会将该手册的有形副本邮寄给供货方。购货方自主确定是否符合质量标准。供货方应按照质量标准(包括但不限于质量控制标准、检验标准和规格)提供、维护并实施确保交付物和制造流程的质量所需的所有措施。 + +20.2) 质量保证系统。供货方应提供并维护符合购货方要求并被购货方批准的质量保证系统(“QAS”)。购货方可随时审核供货方的质量保证系统、生产流程及运往购货方的物料。如执行了审核,购货方将告知供货方审核结果,并给出其认为改进QAS所需的指示或建议。供货方应及时制定实施计划并将计划提交给购货方,并根据购货方的建议告知购货方必要的改进措施的最新进展。用以确定不合格交付物的根本原因的验收标准和样本大小应根据以下进行计算:行业标准ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 2008、一般检验级别II、单次抽样计划、AQL=0.65。该验收标准和样本大小的确定适用于所有交付物,包括但不限于即将检查的交付物、库存交付物以及最终产品中的交付物。 + +21. 救济。本合同为购货方保留的权利和救济可累积,且是对所有其他普通法和衡平救济的补充。 + +21.1)一般救济。供货方应对因供货方的违约或不合格交付物而造成的任何损害对购货方进行补偿,包括但不限于:i)通过部件中心、经销商或其他分销渠道提供替代物料或替代部件而产生的成本;ii)将替代物料交付到工作现场或加快装运或将交付物退还给供货方而产生的运费成本;iii)诊断并维修最终产品所发生的费用,包括人工费、差旅费和每日津贴、诊断时间以及当地采购的物品和转租服务,包括制冷剂和制冷剂的处理;iv)与遏制和纠正供货方引起的、导致产品召回、现场维修或其他大规模问题等有关的成本,包括但不限于人力花费计划、指导和协调遏制措施、工程测试、工作现场产品检查、维修员工的培训和差旅及对购货方客户的保修让步;v)检查、挑选、储存、重新加工、维修或替换不合格交付物的成本;vi)因生产中断、实施召回、客户现场服务或其他纠正服务行为而产生的成本;vii)因不合格交付物而导致的人身伤害(包括但不限于死亡)或财产损害所产生的成本;viii)购货方产生的实际合理的专业服务费、和解费和判决费,以及与购货方管理时间、人工和物料有关的其他成本;以及ix)因交付物被指控或被发现侵犯任何知识产权而导致的成本(除第31.2条规定的救济外,还包括但不限于与获取合适的替代交付物有关的所有成本)。如购货方拒收不合格交付物,则任何订单下该等交付物的数量应相应扣减,除非购货方对供货方另作通知。未获得购货方书面签署的同意,供货方 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00081.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00081.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9a07f63461ccf0f6dcfa7960815887e5ee30e213 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00081.md @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +Provide storage for the materials necessary for the service at nearby location: + +5)明确排除提供服务的场所可能存在的一切健康和安全隐患; + +Remove/eliminate all health and safety hazards that may exist at the location where services will be provided; + +6) 买方应对在其场所发生的吉利得人员(包括雇员、代理人、分包商等)的人身伤亡及财产损失承担责任,但因吉利得(包括雇员、代理人、分包商等)的过失造成的损失除外。 + +The Buyer shall be liable for personal injury or death and property loss suffered by Hiltil'spersonnel (including employees, agents, subcontractors, etc.) at the Buyer's premises except where such losses that arise from the negligence of Hiltil(including employees, agents, subcontractors, etc.). + +## 8. 保证 + +## Warranties + +8.1 喜利得保证交付时商品不存在商品缺陷。“商品缺陷”是指任何商品中存在的质量或生产缺陷,其缺陷必须:(a)导致商品不符合喜利得针对该商品公开的技术标准,及(b)对商品的结构性功能有重大不良影响。对于喜利得提供的服务,“商品缺陷”是指喜利得未能履行双方协议约定范围的服务。 + +Hilti warrants that, at delivery, there are no Product Defects that exist in the Goods. "Product Defects" means any quality or manufacturing defects in the Goods where such defects will: (a) result in the Goods not meeting Hilti's published technical specifications in relation to such Goods, and (b) have a substantial adverse effect on the Goods' structural performance. And in the case of services provided by Hilti, "Product Defects" means the failure by Hilti to perform the agreed scope of services. + +1)就各项服务、紧固保护及工具配件而言,在商品送货或履行服务的日期起计12个月内,如客户证实且经喜利得确定在交货时已存在商品缺陷或喜利得未按合同约定履行服务,喜利得有权自行选择(a)替换商品或重做该服务,及(b)退还有缺陷的产品或服务的价值 + +In the case of services, fastening & protection products and power tool accessories, if Customer establishes to Hili's satisfaction within 12 months of the date of delivery of the product or performance of the services that there is Product Defect (at delivery) or that the services are not performed in accordance with the Contract, then Hili shall, at its option & sole discretion, (a) replace such goods or re-perform such services, and/or (b) refund the value of the defective product or services. + +2)就各项电动/测量/钻石切割工具而言,客户可按喜利得官网维修保修政策享有维保服务。 + +In the case of power / measure / diamond tools, shall have the benefit of Hilt's repair service warranty as set out in Hilt website. + +3)在法律允许的最大可能下,除非喜利得特别以书面形式同意,喜利得谨此排除任何其他明示或暗示的保证。喜利得尤其不会保证商品适合客户的特定目的。 + +To the maximum extent possible under law, Hili excludes any other express and implied warranties unless Hili specifically agrees to in writing. In particular, Hili does not warrant any fitness of the Goods for Customer's purposes. + +8.2 本销售条款及喜利得提供的任何保证不适用于: + +The Terms and any warranty provided by Hilti are not applicable to: + +1)由于买方(及其雇员、代理人)的疏忽、过失、故意或违约行为引起的产品质量问题; + +Quality problems arising from any negligence, fault, intention or default of the Buyer (as well as employees, agents); + +2)由于买方未按照喜利得的技术规范及培训而使用、存放、安装、操作、维护、处理或修理产品引起的; + +Arising from any utilization, storage, installation, operation, + +Maintenance, handling or repair of the goods without compliance with Hilt's technical specifications or training; + +3)由于与其他货物、产品或系统合并、变更、修改或转换引起的不兼容,或擅自使用其他配件、零件引起的; + +Arising from non-compatibility caused by any incorporation, alteration, modification or conversion of the goods with any other goods, product or system, or any use of other components or spare parts without Hill's permission; + +4)意外事故引发的质量问题; + +Quality problems arising from an accident: + +5) 产品的合理损耗。 + +Reasonable wear and tear of the goods. + +## 9. 维修 + +## Maintenance + +9.1 买方同意承担人民币五百元(不含税费)以下的维修费而无须预先报价。对于超过此限额的维修费,喜利得将会预先做出报价给予买方确认,客户应在快递交付机具时完成支付。 + +The Buyer shall agree to pay a maintenance fee of RMB500(excluding tax) or less without prior quotation. For maintenance fees exceeding RMB500, Hili will make a prior quotation to the Buyer for confirmation, the buyer should complete the payment before tool delivered by express. + +9.2 富利得对于工具修理部分提供三个月的保修期。如果买方未按约支付维修款项,则富利得有权留置该机具,同时取消该机具的 3 个月保修期。对于有未支付维修费的机具,富利得有权拒绝提供维修服务。Hilti shall provide three-month warranty for tool repair. For the repaired tool, customer should complete the payment when the tool delivered to customer by express. If customer refuse to pay, Hilti will reserve the final discretion on the tool and cancel the three-month warranty. Hilti also have the right to refuse maintenance services for the tools with unpaid maintenance fee. + +9.3 喜利得产品的维修遵循官网上的《喜利得工具维修服务规定》,请打开如下链接获取详细内容: + +https:// www.hiti.cn/content/dam/documents/pdf/a1/china %E5%98%9C%E5%88%A9%E5%BE%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E7%BB%B4%E4%BE%AE%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE.pdf + +Hill product maintenance shall comply with “Repair Term & +Conditions", please refer to the link for further information: https:// www.hili.cn/content/dam/documents/pdf/a1/china/ %E5%98%9C%E5%88%A9%E5%BE%97%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E7%BB%B4%E4%BE%AE%E6%9D%A1%E6%AC%BE.pdf + +## 10. 责任 + +## Liability + +10.1 若经相关政府或司法部门作出决定,认定喜利得产品质量问题或因喜利得疏忽导致的人身伤亡损害的,喜利得在法律规定的范围内承担责任。If the relevant governments or judicial authorities make a decision and confirm that personal casualty is caused by: (a) the quality problems of the Hilt's goods or (b) Hilt's negligence, Hilt shall bear responsibilities according to law. + +10.2 附第9.1条规定的情形外,喜利得在合同项下的总损害赔偿责任以买方支付的相关问题产品金额的百分之一百(100%)合同价款为限。下述任何损失喜利得在任何情况下无需承担责任: +Except the circumstances specified in Article 9.1, the liability of Hili under the contract shall in no event exceed one hundred percent (100%) of the contract price for the relevant defective products that had been paid for by the Buyer. Hili shall not be liable for any following loss under any circumstance: + +a)直接或间接的经济损失,包括但不限于预期利润损失、实际利润损失,营业额或收入亏损; + +Any economic loss of whatever nature (direct or indirect), including without limitation loss of anticipated profits, loss of actual profits, loss of turnover or revenue; + +b)间接产生的任何后果,包括但不限于业务损失、商机损失、数据损 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00082.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00082.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..875eb55ccfb7bb09f0ac447f1b783042087d1f48 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00082.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
6. Packaging and Transport6. 包装和运输
6.1 Unless otherwise provided in a Purchase Order, the Supplied Goods must be packed and packaged to ensure their safe delivery in accordance with the Terms and Conditions, industry standards and where incorporated, Buyer's packaging specifications.6.1 除非在采购订单中另有规定,所供货品必须进行打包与包装,以保证所供货品按照“条款和条件”、行业标准和包括在内的买方包装规格进行安全交付。
6.2 Buyer may, at any time, change packaging or transport requirements. Supplier shall be responsible for any damage to the Supplied Goods arising from packaging or transport. If requested by Buyer,Supplier shall promptly furnish to Buyer (a) a list of all ingredients in the Supplied Goods and corresponding amounts of ingredients, and (b) information concerning any changes in or additions to such ingredients.6.2 买方可在任何时间变更包装或运输要求。供应商须对所供货品在包装或运输过程中发生的任何损害负责。如果买方提出要求,供应商须及时向买方提供:(a )一份所供货品的所有成分的列表和相应成分的数量;和(b )有关对这些成分的任何修改或增加的信息。
6.3 Supplier shall provide all Material Safety Data Sheets and "hazardous substance" warnings related to all shipments or other transportations of Supplied Goods that constitute hazardous materials, together with special handling instructions advising Buyer and third parties, including transportation carriers, as to the degree of care and precaution that will prevent bodily injury or property damage in handling, transporting, processing, using,recycling or disposing of the Supplied Goods.6.3 与建议买方和第三方(包括运输公司)的特殊处理说明一起,供应商须提供涉及所供货品的所有船运或其他形式的运输、构成有害材料的所有材料安全数据表和“有害物质”警告,为照顾和预防的情况,以防止在处理、运输、加工、使用、回收或处置所供货品的过程中造成人身伤害或财产损失。
6.4 The Supplied Goods,as packaged, shall be labeled as required under state and local regulations of the PRC, regulations from the country of sale,and shall include any storage requirements, Buyer's Purchase Order number, description of the Supplied Goods,and quantity and the gross or net weight of Supplied Goods. Supplier shall include a set of transportation documents consisting of delivery and identification information for the Supplied Goods, including a clear description of the origin of the Supplied Goods.6 . 4 所供货品在包装过程中,须按中国的国家和地方法规、销售国的法规的要求作标记,且须包括任何存储要求、买方的采购订单数量、所供货品的描述以及所供货品的数量、毛重或净重。供应商须提供一套组成所供货品交付和识别信息的运输文件,包括对所供货品原产地的清晰描述。
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00083.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00083.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..396a27a14edab1e8c4a2d114f2c98ec1413b0a6d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00083.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +1. 定义与范围:本采购条款与条件(货物及服务)(简称“本采购条款”)英文版中首字母大写(中文版以加粗表示)的术语定义如下: + + + +
本协议根据本采购条款第2条生效的协议,包括以下条款条件、订单以及订单中提及的任何文件所包含的条款条件。
交付项目供应商向诺力昂交付的与服务有关或作为服务一部分提供的任何有形或无形项目。
交付日订单载明交付日。
交付地订单载明交付地。
货物供应商向诺力昂出售的货物。
诺力昂提交订单的诺力昂实体。
订单诺力昂向供应商提交的采购订单。
订单条件价格、交付地、交付日,以及订单载明或提及的其他条件、设计、描述、要求、报价、时间表、节点和计划。
一方诺力昂或供应商,两者合称“双方”。
价格关于价格、费用、报酬和花销的条件。
服务供应商向诺力昂提供的服务,含交付项目。
规格订单载明或提及的货物规格,订单没有载明或提及规格的,指供应商的标准货物规格。
供应商向诺力昂出售货物的卖方,和/或向诺力昂提供服务的供应商。
+ +除非双方另行签署采购协议并且约定本采购条款不适用,否则所有货物和/或服务均按本采购条款采购。供应商提交的任何其他条款既不适用于订单,亦对诺力昂没有约束力。 + +2. 接受订单:本协议在诺力昂向供应商提交订单后再(2)个工作日生效,供应商在该两(2)个工作日内告知诺力昂拒绝订单的除外。诺力昂询问或要求报价不构成订单,而构成向供应商发出的要约邀请。在任何情况下,供应商要约均视为基于本采购条款的要约。若本采购条款与订单(包括订单条件)之间有任何不一致,以订单(包括订单条件)为准。若本采购条款与诺力昂向供应商采购货物和/或服务的任何其他相关文件之间有任何不一致,以本采购条款为准。并且,相较供应商条款条件,或者诺力昂与供应商之间交换的任何其他文件,本采购条款应始终优先适用。 + +3. 提供服务:供应商应根据订单和订单条件提供服务,否则诺力昂有权从其他供方采购替代服务,并且无论诺力昂是否采 + +购替代服务,诺力昂均有权要求供应商承担诺力昂产生的所有成本、损失、损害和支出。 + +4. 货物交付:供应商将根据订单和订单条件交付货物。交付实际延迟或可能延迟的,供应商应立即通知诺力昂。交货提前、延迟或不符合订单或订单条件的,诺力昂保留拒绝货物,另行采购且要求供应商承担诺力昂产生的所有成本、损失、损害赔偿和支出的权利。若货物交付不足,诺力昂仍接受交货的,应调整价格。对于货物交付超出订单载明数量的部分,诺力昂在任何情况下均无需付款。交付条款和灭失风险转移应根据国际贸易术语解释通则2020版(INCOTERMS2020)解释。除非诺力昂另行书面同意,交付条款为DAP(INCOTERMS2020)交付至订单所述地点。诺力昂应作为运单文件的被通知方。 + +5.货物和交付项目所有权转移:自诺力昂于交付地接受货物时起,货物所有权从供应商转移至诺力昂。自诺力昂接受交付项目时起,交付项目所有权转移至诺力昂。 + +6. 包装:供应商应根据订单条件(没有载明要求的,根据类似发货的惯常标准商业做法)包装订单项下发货的所有货物并贴标签。 + +7. 变更:供应商不得修改或变更服务、货物或订单条件,无权因任何供应商预料外情况取得补贴或额外付款,但双方另有书面约定的除外。诺力昂可随时书面通知供应商变更服务、货物或订单条件(“变更”)。若变更严重影响提供货物和/或服务的供应商的成本,或者提供货物和/或服务所需时间,供应商应及时要求协商调整订单条件。订单条件调整须经诺力昂书面批准。若诺力昂认为双方无法达成一致,诺力昂可自主决定撤回变更或终止订单,无需承担任何罚款、责任或赔偿。 + +8.价格和付款:除非双方另有书面约定,价格包含所有适用增值税、销售税、使用税和其他税。所有此类税均由供应商缴纳。若诺力昂已经缴纳的,供应商应立即就所有该等税款向诺力昂进行补偿。于交付日、交付地交付货物后,供应商应向诺力昂开具发票。供应商应根据订单向诺力昂开具服务发票。若任何费用、费用或支出(包括价格)请款日期超过相关货物发货日和/或服务完成日九十(90)日的,供应商不得开具发票。诺力昂无需付款。若诺力昂对发票有任何疑问,诺力昂无需支付发票争议部分,接到诺力昂要求后,供应商应仅就无争议部分重新开具发票。 + +## 9. 保证: + +(a) 供应商保证,在货物保存期限间内(货物没有保存期限的,则结合货物性质考虑,在交付后合理期限内):(i) 符合规格;(ii) 符合向诺力昂提供的所有样本或描述;(iii) 在用料、工艺和设计方面没有瑕疵;(iv) 适合销售,符合预定目的或预定用途;并且(v) 无杂质。 + +(b) 供应商保证,服务(i)提供方式良好且熟练,具备专业人士提供类似服务过程中所具备的知识、技能和注意水平(且在任何情况下不低于合理水平),投入人员胜任,经过适当培训、 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00084.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00084.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2e8d82531d1b5ecf4815e05bc9765298e46dd117 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00084.md @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +## 昕特玛精细化学(上海)有限公司标准购买条款和条件(条款和条件) + +书,保险人据此放弃对“买方”、“买方”附属公司,代理人和雇员的任何和所有代位求偿权。“卖方”提供上述保险的义务不得以任何方式限制卖方在“订单”其余部分承担的责任或义务。 + +## 第十一条 保密 + +11.1 “保密信息”指所有商业或技术信息、专有技术、规格、发明、工艺流程或方案,以及任何其称有关“买方”商业、产品和服务以任何形式或介质提供的任何其他信息,无论在合同日期之前或之后以口头或书面方式披露,在披露时以任何手段被确定为机密及/或应合理地被视为机密。 + +11.2 “卖方”应保存并保图所有“买方”披露或“卖方”因买卖双方在“合同”下的关系而获得的所有“保密信息”。“卖方”应不向第三方披露这些“保密信息”,除非需要妥善履行合同(包括符合第11.3条或经“买方”事先书面同意)。 + +11.3 保密义务不适用于“卖方”可证明的任何以下信息: + +11.3.1 该信息属于公共领域(违反第 11 条除外);或 + +11.3.2 存在于“卖方”在签订“合同”前的书面记录;或 + +11.3.3 由有权披露该信息的第三方独立披露;或 + +11.3.4 根据任何适用法律,或根据法院或政府机构或管辖省间的命令而需要披露。 + +11.4 “保密信息”只能提供给“卖方”的员工,关联机构、代理人及分包商,前提是它们需要知道这些“保密信息”才称履行“合同”并且他们应承担各自的保密义务。 + +## 第十二条 教规保护 + +12.1 “数据保护立法”:指《i1《请用数据保护条例》[欧盟]2016/679)[数据保护条例》以及英国实施的全国性法律,法规及下位法(包括不时颁布的修订版或更新版),包括《2018年英国数据保护法案》[数据保护法];(i)“数据保护条例”和数据保护法的任何后继法律;及(ii)与数据保护和隐私有关的任何中华人民共和国法律。”数据控制者,“数据处理者”、“数据主体”、“个人数据”及“处理”等术语具有“数据保护立法”中所赋予的含义。 + +12.2 各方应遵守“数据保护立法”的所有适用要求。 + +12.3 “卖方”可执行的“处理”类型和范围不需要在本“合同”内详细说明。如果双方(合理且真实行事的情况下)同意进行此类协议或认为书面确认是有必要的,双方应另外签订单独的数据处理协议,或以书面形式单独确认“处理”的主题事项和期限、“处理”的性质和目的,“个人按利”的类型、“数据主体”的类别以及“卖方”的义务和权利。 + +12.4 虽有第 12.3 条的规定,在“卖方”处理与“合同”有关的“个人数据”的情况下,“卖方”应: + +12.4.1 在“买方”的书面指示下处理“个人数据”; + +12.4.2 遵守“数据保护条例”第28条规定的“数据处理者”的义务并且将前述条例第28(3)条规定的义务纳入“合同”;及 + +12.4.3 遵守《中华人民共和国网络安全法》规定的义务。 + +## 第十三条 知识产权 + +13.1 “知识产权”指所有专利权、实用新型、识别标志包括商标、商号、服务商标、域名、反假冒权、注册设计、设计权、著作权、数据库权利、拓扑图权、上述任何一项的保密信息(包括数据、专有技术和公式)以及对上述任何一项的申请以及不时获得认可的类似权利,对世界各国发生的侵权行为的所有诉讼权,以及所有续期和顺期。 + +13.2 在本“合同”生效前属于一方的所有“知识产权”仍旧该方所有。本“合同”的任何内容均无需向任何一方的任何知识产权转让给另一方。 + +13.3 “卖方”向“买方”提供成为“买方”购买并转让予“买方”已全额付费的、全球范围内的、非排他性、永久免服税和不可撤销的许可,以: + +13.3.1 使用、复制和修改“货物”、“服务”及/或“交付品”以便接受和使用“货物”、“服务”及/或“交付品”。以及维护、维修、扩展、改进或销售该“货物”、“服务”及/或“交付品”;及 + +13.3.2 在“买方”要求使用或合理享有“货物”、“服务”及/或“交付品”的情况下,使用“卖方”的知识产权。 + +13.4 “买方”有权将其从“卖方”处获取的所有“知识产权”分许可给其关联机构或服务提供商,前提是此类服务提供商只能在向“买方”及其关联机构提供服务或货物的合理要求范围内使用次级许可的“知识产权”。 + +## 第十四条 解除 + +14.1 如一方实质性违反“合同”,且该违约(0)无法补救,或(0)虽然可予补救,但该方未在收到另一方发出的写明违约情况并要求补救的书面通知后30天内进行补救,则守约方可向违约方发出解约的书面通知,立即解除本“合同”。为避免疑问,“卖方”违反关于“交货日期”或订单数量、重量、体积或“规格”的任何“合同”条款(无论“买方”是否接受“货物”或“服务”或其任何部分,也无论“货物”所有权是否转让给“买方”),均构成实质性违约。 + +14.2 此外,如果“卖方”有以下情况,“买方”可以在书面通知“卖方”后立即终止合同: + +14.2.1 未能遵守第 11 条(保密)、第 12 条(数据保护)、第 15 条(健康和安全)、第 16 条(REACH)或第 17 条(道德和合规)规定的义务;或 + +14.2.2 “资不抵债”,“买方”有权通过书面通知“卖方”全部或部分终止“合同”;或 + +14.2.3 其控股股东(如《中华人民共和国公司法》第216条,第2款定义)及/或实际控制方(如《中华人民共和国公司法》第216条,第3款定义)变更。 + +14.3 对于“卖方”而言,“资不抵债”一词具有下述含义: + +14.3.1 "卖方"通过停业决议,已解散或者法院向其签发破产受理裁定或破产受理申请,其被指定破产管理人或接收人,或者其资产,收入或其中一部分被指定接收人或临时清算人,或者其收到有关指定破产管理人的意向通知,或者与其债权人达成安排,或者存在《中华人民共和国企业破产法》规定的无力支付债务情况;或 + +14.3.2 其任何财产被扣押、执行或进入其他程序;或 + +14.3.3 其已停止营业或者“买方”合理认为有停止营业的可能或风险。 + +14.3.4 “卖方”在其受管辖的另一地区发生与上述各项类似的情况。 + +## 第十五条 健康和安全 + +15.1 "卖方"必须确保自己及其员工、代理人和分包商充分理解并遵守所有适用的健康和安全规则和条例(包括“买方”可靠不时实施的所有相关场地规则和条例)。 + +15.2 “卖方”保证,“货物”的设计、配制、制造和包装以及所提供的“服务”都是安全并且不会对健康带来风险。 + +## 第十六条 REACH + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00085.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00085.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5f5e392ccb482d7b2ce2b4194a8d5f8fb31267fd --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00085.md @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +## 信泰境外旅行意外伤害保险条款 + +## 阅读指引 + +本阅读指引旨在帮助您理解条款,具体内容以条款约定为准。 + +## 您拥有的重要权益 + +- 本合同为被保险人提供的保障在保险责任条款中明........................................2.2 +- 您有解除本合同的权利............................................6 + +## 您需要特别注意的事项 + +- 本合同的保险期间最长为一年........................................1.4 +- 发生责任免除情形之一导致被保险人身故或伤残的,我们不承担给付保险金的责任............2.4 +- 您应当按约支付保险费........................................3 +- 您有如实告知的义务........................................4.2 +- 保险事故发生后,请您及时通知我们...............................5.2 +- 解除合同会给您造成一定的损失,请您慎重抉择........................6 +- 我们对条款中出现的一些重要术语进行了解释,请您注意........................8 + +## 条款是保险合同的重要内容,为充分保障您的权益,请您仔细阅读本条款。 + +## 条款目录 + +1. 您与我们的合同 +1.1 合同的构成 +1.2 合同成立与生效 +1.3 投保范围 +1.4 保险期间 +2. 我们提供的保障 +2.1 保险金额 +2.2 未成年人身故保险金限制 +2.3 保险责任 +2.4 责任免除 +3. 如何支付保险费 +保险费的支付 +4. 明确说明与如实告知 +4.1 明确说明 +4.2 如实告知 +4.3 本公司合同解除权的限制 +5. 如何申请领取保险金 + +5.1 受益人 +5.2 保险事故通知 +5.3 保险申請 +5.4 保险金给付 +5.5 诉讼时效 +6. 您解除合同的手续及风险 +您解除合同的手续及风险 +7. 其他需要注意的事项 +7.1 年龄确定与错误处理 +7.2 地址变更 +7.3 合同内容的变更 +7.4 合同终止 +7.5 争议处理 +8. 释义 +8.1 境内 +8.2 周岁 +8.3 境外 + +8.4 意外伤害 +8.5 《人身保险伤残评定标准及代码》 +8.6 毒品 +8.7 酒后驾驶 +8.8 无合法有效驾驶证驾驶 +8.9 无有效行驶证 +8.10 医疗事故 +8.11 潜水 +8.12 攀岩 +8.13 探险 +8.14 武术比赛 +8.15 特技表演 +8.16 猝死 +8.17 未满期净保险费 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00086.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00086.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0df9252fadf035afbbc6ca40e24f9e2ac553d85d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00086.md @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +## 发生的对他人、对财物责任事故时的保险 + +为正规课程和学校活动中等发生赔偿责任事故造成的伤害提供赔偿(国内、国外)。 + +## 学研灾附带赔偿责任保险的说明 "Futaibaiseki" + +(*1)仅限于学校教育法等规定的大学等中,作为(公益财团法人)日本国际教育支援协会赞助会员的大学院、大学、短期大学或者高等专门学校。 + + + +## A 类保险 (学研赔"Gakkenbai") + +授为应对上课时、上下学途中发生的事故! + +上课时、学校的活动中及其往返途中发生的赔偿责任事故! + + + +※已加入了A类保险时,无需再加入B类保险。 + +## B 类保险(实习赔 "Intern-bail") + +仅限于实习、教育实习等 + +对在实习中、介护体验活动中、教育实习中等特定活动中,以及在其往返途中发生的赔偿责任事故予以赔偿! + +※医疗相关实习、药学教育业务实习除外。 + +※ 仅限于学校认定的正规课程、学校活动及课外活动 $[+2]$ + +## C 类保险 (医学赔 "Igakubai") + +医疗相关实习中也能安心! + +对在医疗相关学部的实习中、学校活动中以及在其往返途中发生的赔偿责任事故予以赔偿! + +※ 已加入了 C 类保险时,无需再加入 A 类及 B 类保险。 + + + +Gakkenbai(A类保险):学生教育研究赔偿责任保险/lntern-bai(B类保险):实习、教师资格活动等赔偿责任保险/lgakubai(C类保险):医学生教育研究赔偿责任保险 + +## 赔偿内容 + +在日本国内外,对于学生(被保险人)参加正规课程、学校活动、课外活动$^{【2】}$及其往返途中、致使他人受伤,或财物受到损坏等,依法应负赔偿责任的损害,支付保险金。 + +(*2)本保险中的“课外活动”,是指根据学校规则履行所规定的手续,经学校同意成立的开展实习活动或志愿者活动的校内学生团体组织进行的实习活动或者志愿者活动。除此之外的俱乐部活动引发的事故不作为保险金支付对象。但是,配合正规课程或学校活动参加当天的俱乐部活动(学校禁止的活动除外)时,按照合理的路径及方法在住所和活动场所的设施之间移动所进行的行为,包含在保险对象活动中。 + +## 加入对象 + +仅限于学校教育法等规定的大学等中,作为(公益财团法人)日本国际教育支援协会赞助会员的大学院、大学、短期大学或者高等专门学校的在籍学生且加入学研灾$^{[8]}$的学生。 + +(*3)“学生教育研究灾害损害保险”的简称。 + +## 保险期间 + +4月入学新生 自4月1日凌晨零点开始至第二年3月31日晚上12点为止。 + +9月入学新生 自9月1日凌晨零点开始至第二年8月31日晚上12点为止。 + +10月入学新生 自10月1日凌晨零点开始至第二年9月30日晚上12点为止。 + +※ 加入保险期间为一年时。加入期间为两年以上时,其保险期间到各自保险结束年度的结束之日为止。 + +※ 任意加入(学生自己决定加入)时,如果到保险期间开始的前一天为止学生未支付保险费,则保险期间从支付保险费的次日凌晨零点开始,到各保险期间结束之日为止。全员加入时的情况,请参照第4页。 + +## 加保手续 + +各学校$(+1)$的保险种类及参保手续各不相同,请按照学校$(+1)$的指示办理。 + + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00087.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00087.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b722f86a09fcbb0430215d678e188df8399c7e0c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00087.md @@ -0,0 +1,175 @@ +## 1. 本保险对象的活动范围 + +
保险内容
活动内容
A 类保险*(*0)(简称“Caskensur”)B 类保险(*2)(简称“Intern-bau”)C 类保险(*3)(简称“Tgakubau”)
实习、介护体验活动、教育实习、保育实习、志愿者活动及其往返途中。(*4 )OOO
上述以外的正规课程、学校活动、课外活动及其往返途中。OxO
医疗相关实习(*5 )及其往返途中xxO
+ +$(*1)$ + +医疗相关实习除外。包括药学教育业务实习。 + +$(*2)$ + +医疗相关实习及药学教育业务实习除外。 + +$(*3)$ + +包括医疗相关实习。 + +$(*4)$ + +仅限于学校认定的正规课程、学校活动及课外活动。 + +$(* 5)$ + +是指医疗相关学部、学科认定的正规课程以及学校活动中的实习。 + +## 2. 保险金额(支付限额)·保险费 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
A 类保险B 类保险C 类保险
支付限额*1针对同一事故,对人赔偿和对物赔偿的赔偿限额为1 亿日元(除外责任金额140 日元)






1 年340 日元210 日元500 日元
2 年680 日元420 日元1,000 日元
3 年1,020 日元630 日元1,500 日元
4 年1,360 日元840 日元2,000 日元
5 年1,700 日元1,050 日元2,500 日元
6 年2,040 日元1,260 日元3,000 日元
+ +$(*1)$ + +针对被保险人1人1年的支付限额。 + +$(*2)$ + +除外责任金额,是指在计算给付保险金时,从损害金额中扣除的金额。除外责任金额由被保险人个人负担。 + +※ 年度中途加入时也以1年为单位交纳保险费。 + +※ 保险期间中途解约时,按年度终了进行处理。 + +## 3. 属于赔偿对象的情况 + +◆保险条款内容请访问日本国际教育支援协会主页进行确认 + +1. 在保险期间内,因以下所述理由由雨造成他人的人身伤害(包括因伤害致死,下同),或者引起他人的财物损坏(丢失、破损或污损),被保险人依法应负损害赔偿责任时。 + +a. 伴随上表中的“活动范围”中规定的活动(以下称“活动”。)发生的偶然事故(设施赔偿责任保险) + +b. 因活动而造成或活动结束后发生的事故,以及因脱离被保险人监管的饮食品以及正规课程、学校活动或课外活动$^{\text{(第1页的*2)}}$的最终成品(包括药剂,以下称为“产品”)所造成的事故(产品赔偿责任保险) + +2. 在保险期间内,活动中被保险人使用或管理的他人的财物(以下称“信托财物”)消失、破损、污损或遗失、或者被盗取或诈取时,对于有正当权利拥有信托财物的一方,被保险人依法应负损害赔偿责任时(受托人赔偿责任保险) + +【支付保险金的种类】 + +针对被保险人负担的以下赔偿金或费用支付保险金。 + +※ 承认赔偿责任:决定赔偿金额时,需事先经承保保险公司同意。 + +①对被害人应支付的损害赔偿金 + +## 4. 不属于赔偿对象的主要情况 + +◆保险条款内容请访问日本国际教育支援协会主页进行确认。 + +### ·共通 + +①投保人、被保险人的故意行为 + +②战争、变乱、暴动、骚动、劳资纠纷 + +③地震、火山喷发、洪水、海啸或大潮 + +④被保险人与他人之间有损害赔偿的特别约定,因该约定加重了赔偿责任 + +⑤排水、排气引起的赔偿责任 + +⑥核燃料物质、核原料物质、放射性元素、放射性同位元素等有害特性的作用或上述特性所引起的损害(包含放射性污染、放射性损伤),但是,因医学或者产业方面的放射性同位元素的使用、储藏或者搬运时发生的因原子核反应、原子核衰变·分裂造成的损害,其使用·储藏·搬运未违反法律规定的情况除外。 + +⑦被保险人因以下行为造成的损害 + +·医疗行为以及可能对人体造成危害的行为中,法令禁止由医师、牙科医师、护士、保健师、助产士以外的人员实施的行为 + +·药品的调剂、处方、贩卖、供给 + +·禁止具有按摩指压师、针灸师、柔道正骨师、建筑师、土地房屋调查师、工程师、测量师、兽医师资格以外的人进行的行为 + +※但是,C类保险中符合对医疗相关实习所定的必要条件时,不适用该事由 + +此外,A、C类保险中符合对药学教育实务实习所定的必要条件时,不适用于上述内容中的“药品的调配、使用、销售、供应”部分。 + +⑧网络攻击 + +### ·设施赔偿责任保险 + +①因汽车、轻便摩托车、飞机、升降机或设施外的船舶、车辆(仅以人力为原动力的车辆除外)、或者动物的所有、使用或管理所造成的损害 + +②因污染物质的排放、流出、外溢或漏出所造成的损害以及污染净化费用(但是,污染物质的排放等是意外的并且是突发的、急剧的,在规定的时间内由被保险人发现,并在规定的时间内通知承保保险公司的的情况除外) + +②经承保保险公司书面同意支出的律师费用等诉讼费用 + +③为了保全和行使接受他人损害索赔的权力,或防止已发生事故的损害及其扩大,经承保保险公司书面同意支出的必要或有益的费用。 + +④在采取了为保全和行使接受他人损害赔偿的权利,或防止已发生事故的损害及其扩大的必要的措施后,判明不负赔偿责任的情况下,急救、护送等紧急措施所需要的费用或经承保保险公司书面同意支出的其它费用。 + +⑤在承保保险公司代替被保险人解决投案索赔的情况下,按承保保险公司的要求为提供协助所支出的费用。 + +【保险金的支付方法】 + +有关上述①的法律上的损害赔偿金,在承认赔偿责任或者决定赔偿金额之前,需要事先得到本公司的同意。敬请注意。不超过事故发生地点及时间内的受托财物的价格。 + +有关上述②~⑤的费用,原则上属于按全额支付保险金的支付对象。但是,有关②的诉讼费用,在①的损害赔偿金额超出支付限额时,则按“支付限额÷①损害赔偿金”的比例扣减支付保险金。 + +③石棉、石棉的代替物质等致癌性及其它有害特性所造成的损害 + +### ·产品赔偿责任保险 +①因故意或者重大过失使用违法生产、贩卖、提供的产品所导致的损害 +②产品本身的损坏或不能使用相关的赔偿责任 + +③有关在日本国内发生的事故,国外法院起诉的损害索赔 + +④因污染物的排放、流出、外溢或溢出所造成的损害以及污染净化费用(但是,污染物造成的损害是意外的并且是突发的、急剧的,在规定的时间内由被保险人发现,并在规定的时间内通知保险公司的情况除外) + +⑤石棉、石棉的代替物质等致癌性及其它有害特性所造成的损害 + +### ·受托人赔偿责任保险 +① 自燃或自然爆炸的信托财产自身的损坏 + +② 在信托财产交付委托人后发现的事故 + +③ 自行车、摩托车、轻便摩托车、汽车、飞机、船舶、车辆、动物、乐器、货币、有价证券、印花税票、邮票、证书、账簿、贵金属、宝石、美术品、古董、勋章、徽章、原稿、设计书、模型及其它与此类似的信托财产的损坏、失窃、遗失、诈取 + +④ 因降雨、雪、冰雹、雨雪或下骤,侵入或渗进建筑物内造成的损害 + +⑤ 给排水管、冷暖气装置、温度调节装置、消防栓、业务用或家务用具发出的蒸气或有水漏出、外溢、或洒水设备的内容物漏出或外溢所造成的损害 + +⑥ 因“信托财物”无法使用所造成的损害等 diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00088.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00088.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0b115fa38641e316063cadca6b0ec24ff3c5d923 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00088.md @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +## 5. 其他 + +## · 加入后的留意事项 + +加入保险后,发生以下情况时,请立即通知学校负责部门(学生课、学生支援课、保健中心等)。 + +·院系、学科等变更时 + ·保险期间内休学期间合计达1年以上时 +·变更所加入的保险内容时 +·退学时 + +## · 有其它保險合同的情況 + +有与本保险合同重复的保险合同或共济保险合同(以下称“其它保险合同等”)时,按下述情况支付保险金。 + +①没有按其它保险合同等支付保险金或共济金时:与其它保险合同等无关,根据本保险合同的投保内容支付保险金。 + +②已按其它保险合同等支付保险金或共济金时:根据从损害金额中扣除已按其它保险合同等支付的保险金或共济金的余额,按本保险合同的投保内容支付保险金。 + +## · 注意重复赔偿 + +若拥有同样赔偿内容的其他保险合约(包含特约以及保付保险公司以外的保险合约。),就有可能造成重复赔偿。 + +重复赔偿状态下,当发成赔偿对象的事故时,有可能从双方合约中获得赔偿,但也有可能仅收到一方合约的保险金支付。请确认赔偿内容的差异及支付限额后,再考虑是否要签约。 + +## ·事故发生时的手续 + +发生保险事故或者造成保险事故的偶然事故时,应立即拨打电话给东京海上日动的学校保险部门,报告如下内容。 + +· 自己的姓名、年龄、在籍的学校名称,事故发生的日期、时间,事故发生的地点,被害人的姓名、年龄,事故的原因 · 被害(伤害、损坏等)程度此外,要通知学校负责部门(学生课、学生支援课、保健中心等)发生了事故,并说明已与承保保险公司联系。 + +若联络迟缓时,有可能减少给付保险金,务请注意。 + +## ·关于调解交涉服务 + +不提供调解交涉服务:本保险不提供保险公司与被害人之间进行调解交涉的“调解交涉服务”。因此,若发生认为适用于本保险的事故时,请按承保保险公司负责部门的建议,加入者(被保险人)本人与被害一方进行调解交涉,对此请事先了解。 + +此外,在未经承保保险公司认可而承诺赔偿责任或决定赔偿金额时,有可能出现赔偿金额的全部或一部分不能以保险金支付的情况,务请注意。 + +## ·关于优先特权 + +在责任保险方面,具有损害索赔权的保险事故的被害人相对于向承保保险公司有保险金申请权(有关费用保险金除外)的被保险人具有先取特权(保险法第22条第1项)。所谓“先取特权”,是指被害人对于被保险人因损害保险所得保险金有优先的权力。 + +被保险人可以向承保保险公司申请保险金,其数额只能在向被害人偿还的金额或者经被害人同意的金额的限额内(保险法第22条第2项)。 + +因此,收到被保险人的保险金申请后承保保险公司能够支付保险金,除了费用保险金之外,仅限于下述①至③的情况,务请谅解。 + +①被保险人对被害人已经偿还了损害赔偿时 + +②能够确认被害人同意向被保险人支付保险金时 + +③按照被保险人的旨意,由承保保险公司直接向被害人支付保险金时 + +## ·关于承保保险公司经营破产时的处理办法 + +在承保保险公司出现经营破产等情况时,有时会一时冻结支付保险金、返还金等,或者减少支付金额。 + +当承保保险公司经营破产、投保人为个人、或者“小规模法人”(破产时通常雇佣员工在20人以下的日本法人,外国法人(仅限于与日本的营业所等签订的合同)或者公寓管理协会的情况下,本保险属于“损害保险投保人保护机构”的赔偿对象,原则上得到80%(在破产保险公司停止支付之日起3个月以内发生的保险事故、保险金为100%)的保险金、返还金等。(即使投保人属于个人等以外的保险合同,认定被保险人个人等应该实际负担的保险费中与被保险人相关部分,属于上述赔偿的对象。) + +## ·关于个人信息的使用管理 + +作为保险签约人的(公益财团法人)日本国际教育支援协会将向承保保险公 + +司提供与本合同相关的投保人姓名、学籍号码、付款日期等个人信息。承保保险公司及承保保险公司集团旗下各公司,将与本合同相关的个人信息除了用于判断是否承保,及本合同的管理、执行及附带服务的提供,以及其他保险、金融商品等各种商品的介绍和提供、实施调查问卷等之外,还包括下述①至⑥情况下的利用与提供。另外,根据保险业法施行规则,保健医疗等特殊非公开信息(敏感信息)的使用目的被限定在确保业务正常运行下的使用,以及其它被认为有必要的范围内。 + +①在与本合同相关的个人信息的使用目的相符合的必要范围内,向业务受托者(包含保险代理店)、保险经纪人、医疗机构、与保险金的请求及支付相关的关系单位、金融机构等进行提供。 + +②将个人信息作为签订合同、支付保险金等判断时的参考依据,与其他保险公司及一般社会法人日本损害保险协会等进行共同利用。 + +③承保保险公司与承保保险公司集团旗下的各公司之间,或与承保保险公司的合作企业之间,以提供和介绍商品与服务等为目的进行共同利用。 + +④为了分保合同的签订、更新、管理以及再保险金支付等,向分保承保公司进行提供。 + +⑤向质权、抵押权等的担保权者提供,以便办理担保权的设定等事务手续、管理与行使担保权。 + +⑥更新合同相关的承保判断等,为了确保合同的稳定运用,应向投保人和参保人提供保险对象人的保险金申请信息等内容(含过去信息。) + +详情请参阅东京海上日动火灾保险株式会社的主页 ( www.tokiomarine-nichido.co.jp ) 及其他承保保险公司的主页。 + +个人信息由(公益财团法人)日本国际教育支援协会将投保人所属学校编制的投保人名册提交给东京海上日动火灾保险(株)的方式进行提供。如果不同意该管理办法,请立即向日本国际教育支援协会提出申请。(若不同意该管理办法,则不能加入本保险。) + +## ·关于因重大事由解除保险合同 + +发生符合下列任一情形的事由时,东京海上日动火灾保险(株)有权解除本保险合同。此种情形时,可能无法支付全部或部分保险金,敬请注意。 + +·投保人、被保险人以不法获取保险金为目的,与东京海上日动火灾保险[株]签订保险合同并使之利益遭受损害时 + +·投保人、被保险人被认定为黑社会成员或其他反社会势力成员时 + +· 被保险人在根据本保险合同索赔时,存在欺诈行为时等 + +·本“说明”是介绍学研灾附带赔偿责任保险(设施赔偿责任保险、产品赔偿责任保险、受托人赔偿责任保险)概要的资料。具体内容请参阅(公益财团)日本国际教育支援协会的网页上刊载的保险条款等,若有不明之处,请向学校负责部门(学生课、学生支援课、保健中心等)进行咨询。加入保险后请阅读“学研灾附带赔偿责任保险加入指南”。若申请人和被保险人不是同一人的情况下,请将此“说明”内容向被保险人进行介绍。 + +学研灾附带赔偿责任保险是公益财团法人日本国际教育支援协会与以下保险公司(预订)之间签订的共同保险合同。东京海上日动火灾保险(株)担任其它承保保险公司的代理、代办。 +各承保保险公司按照签订合同时所决定的承保比例负有各自的保险责任,而不负有连带责任。此外,有关承保比例请向公益财团法人日本国际教育支援协会确认。 + +爱和道日生同和 损保JAPAN 东京海上日动(主办保险公司) 三井住友海上 + +学研灾附带赔偿责任保险,是在赔偿责任保险普通保险条款、设施所有(管理)者特别条款、产品特别条款、受托人特别条款、学研灾附带赔偿责任保险特别条款等基础上设立的损害赔偿责任保险,产品赔偿责任保险以及受托人赔偿责任保险的简称。 + +(投保人) + +公益财团法人 日本国际教育支援协会 学生支援部 学生保险课 + +〒153-8503 東京都目黒区駒場4-5-29 TEL:03-5454-5275 URL: http:// www.jees.or.jp/ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00089.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00089.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0503d368cc816c89f96cd9642b04e57f01e10633 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00089.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +(3) 附带服务设施时间: + +大浴场 从上午6点开始上午10点,从下午3点开始上午1点 + +土产店 从上午8点开始上午11点,从下午3点开始下午6点30分 + +游戏区 从上午7点开始下午10点 + +2. 前项时间,有必要或不得已时会临时变更。那时会使用适当的方法通知大家 + +## (费用的支付) + +第 15 条 住宿者需支付的住宿费用详情,请参照另表第 1。 + +2. 前项住宿费的支付方法,外汇或该饭店认可的旅行支票,住宿券,信用卡等方法,住宿客在出发时或该饭店请求支付时,在咨询台进行支付。 + +3. 本饭店为住宿客提供客房,准备可以使用后,住宿客任意未住宿的时候,也会向住宿客索要住宿费。 + +## (本饭店的责任) + +第 16 条 本饭店,住宿契约及和此相关的契约履行,或不履行等原因给住宿客带来的损失,加以赔偿。但是,不属于本饭店的原因时,不予履行。 + +2. 本饭店,对以防万一火灾等实行的对策,加入了旅馆赔偿责任保险。 + +## (对已经签约后的客室不能提供服务时的应对方法) + +第 17 条 本饭店,对已经签约后的客室不能提供服务时,经过住宿客的允许,尽量保持同一条件尽快联系其他住宿设施。 +2. 本饭店,前项所述不能联系到其他住宿设施时,向住宿客支付违约金相当的补偿费,其补偿费充当损害补偿费。但是,关于不能提供客室事宜,不是本饭店的原因时不予补偿。 + +## (寄托物品的使用方法) + +第 18 条 住宿客寄放在前台的物品或现金及贵重物品,发生丢失,损坏等情况时,除了不得已情况外,给予赔偿。但是,现金及贵重物品,本饭店要求明示其种类及价格时,住宿客没有履行时,本饭店除了有故意或重大失误外,赔偿 30 万日圆为限。 + +2. 住宿客随身带到本饭店的物品或现金及贵重物品并没有寄放在前台时,本饭店除了有故意或重大失误时会赔偿之损害。但是本饭店要求明示其种类及价格时,住宿客没有履行时,本饭店除了有故意或重大失误外,赔偿30万日圆为限 + +## (住宿客的手提行李或携带品的保管) + +第 19 条 住宿客的行李,在客人之前抵达该饭店时,只限在行李抵达前本饭店得到通知的情况下,负责保管,住宿客抵达前台时进行递交手续。 + +2. 住宿客出发后,发现行李或携带品忘记时,进行失物认领,该饭店会联系当事人并会征求本人的指示。但是,失物认领者没有指示或不能判明失物主人时,从发现日开始7天内进行保管,之后会交给警察署。 + +3. 前 2 项有关住宿客的行李或携带品的保管该饭店的责任,第 1 项的情况前条第 1 项规定里,同条第 2 项规定为基准。 + +## (停车责任) + +第 20 条 住宿客利用该饭店的停车场时,不管车钥匙有无寄托,该饭店只负责提供停车场,不负责车辆管理。但是,属于该饭店故意或发生过失造成的损失,给与责任赔偿。 + +## (住宿客的责任) + +第21条 住宿客故意或过失给该饭店造成损害时,其住宿客应对饭店进行损害赔偿。 + +另表第1 住宿费等详细内容(第2条第1项及第15条第1项关系) + +
明细

宿






宿
①基本住宿费(客室费(及客室费+早饭等饮食费))
②服务费(①x15 %)


③ 追加饮食(不含①里指定的事项)
④服务费(③x15 %)
税金a 消费税
b 入汤税
+ +(注)1. 基本住宿费依照揭示於柜台的收费表。 + +2. 儿童价格适用小学生以下,提供相当于大人的餐点和寝具等时,收取大人价格的70%。 + +提供儿童餐点和寝具时,收取50%,只提供寝具时,收取30%。 + +不提供寝具及餐点的幼童,1100 日圆收取。 + + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00090.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00090.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c269749831a6bc2a52be2aa6e1ef87f80e418675 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00090.md @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +## 1. 概述 + +1.1 本采购通用条款构成货物供应商或服务提供商各自(下文简称“承包商”)与下订单的巴斯夫企业(下文简称“委托人”)就交货与服务所签订的所有(未来)合同的组成部分。在委托人与承包商没有书面约定其它条款的情况下,适用本采购通用条款。承包商一旦供应货物,或开始提供服务,即证明承包商毫无保留地接受本通用条款。 + +1.2 承包商的一般商业条款仅在委托人书面明示接受的情况下方可适用。委托人提到载有或提及承包商的一般商业条款的承包商信函不构成委托人已接受该等一般商业条款适用于本合同。委托人在明知承包商声称根据承包商的一般商业条款(该等条款与本采购通用条款有偏差或有冲突)交付任何货物/服务的情况下接受该等货物/服务的情况下,承包商的一般商业条款亦不适用。 + +## 2. 要约 + +2.1 要约与报价没有报酬,不对委托人创设任何义务。 + +2.2 在要约中,承包商应明确披露出其要约与委托人的询价之间存在的任何差异。如果针对询价,承包商有一个在技术或经济上更具优势的替选方案,则承包商应另行向委托人发出该份要约。 +2.3 要约必须明确、详细以及完整。 + +## 3. 交付日期、货物交付/服务提供的变更 + +3.1 承包商必须遵守约定的交货日期或服务提供日期。就货物交付而言,遵守的内容要求在委托人的正常营业时间内将没有任何缺陷的货物交付给委托人,并将所要求的货运单据寄送到采购订单载明的地址(下文简称“目的地”)。如果事先约定的货物交付的内容包括装配/服务,则在装配/服务已按合同规定妥为完成后,才认定为已按时交付没有任何缺陷的货物。如果分阶段交付货物或提供服务,合同应被视为单一项交易,不可分割。如法律或合同规定有一套正式的验收程序,则双方应遵守该验收时间。货物的提前交付/服务的提前提供,或货物的部分交付/服务的部分提供须获得委托人的事先书面同意。 + +3.2 如承包商承认将无法全部或部分履行其合同义务,或无法在规定的时间框架内履行义务,承包商必须立即书面通知委托人。通知必须载明延迟的原因以及交付时间的预计延迟时长。委托人接受延迟交付的货物或提供的服务,或部分交付的货物或提供的服务,不表示委托人由此放弃因延迟或部分交付货物/提供服务产生的权利或索赔主张。委托人可在之后的任何时间选择终止本合同,且不损害其它救济权利。 + +3.3 须交付的货物或须提供的服务如有任何变动,须获得委托人的事先书面同意。 + +3.4 如果委托人正在编制使承包商得以履行合同的任何文件,则承包商有责任要求委托人在适当的时间内按照合同提供该等文件或其它支持。 + +## 4. 可持续性原则 + +4.1 委托人本着可持续性原则开展业务,并遵守国际公认的有关职业健康与安全、环保、劳工与人权以及负责任的公司治理的基本标准(下文简称“ESG标准”)。委托人已将其对ESG标准的理解写入《供应商行为准则》( http:// www.basf.com/supplier-code-of-conduct ),委托人期望承包商遵守该等ESG标准。此外,委托人要求承包商确保其任何层级的所有分包商均遵守该等ESG标准。委托人有权亲自或通过其委托的第三方在发出事先通知后检查对ESG标准的遵守情况。 + +4.2 在履行合同的过程中,承包商必须遵守合同中规定的委托人的有关职业健康与安全和环保的要求。 + +## 5. 德国《供应链尽职调查法》法定要求 + +委托人有义务在其供应链中履行某些与人权和环境相关的尽职调查责任,以防止或尽量减少任何对人权的风险或环境相关风险, + +或停止违反人权或环境相关义务。“对人权的风险”、“环境相关风险”(合称“风险”),“违反人权相关义务”和“违反环境相关义务”(合称“义务”)等术语的含义见不时修订的德国《供应链尽职调查法》(“法案”)(Lieferkettensorgfaltspflichtengesetz)(该法案的当前英文版本可从以下链接下载: https:// www.bmas.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Internationalles/act-corporate-due-diligence-obligations-supply-chains.pdf ;jsessionid=4A2F3D30F171DA0D751EEC4B1B9A511L.delivery-master?blob=publicationFile&v=3中的定义。 + +承包商应遵守该法案中所述的义务,并应在面对其供应链上的供应商时适当地表达该期望(“期望”)。承包商尤其同意防止或尽量减少任何此类风险并停止任何违反义务的行为。此外,承包商同意指示其高管和雇员遵守该期望,并向其高管和雇员提供有关遵守该期望的培训。应委托人的要求,承包商应参加委托人组织的相应培训。 + +委托人有权在事先书面通知的情况下自行和/或通过委托的第三方(“审计师”)进行审计以确保承包商遵守本条款项下的义务(“审计”)。承包商应向委托人和/或审计师提供委托人和/或该审计师为审计合理要求的所有数据、文件和其他信息,无论是书面、口头和/或电子形式的。 + +如果委托人发现承包商或承包商任何层级的的承包商或供应商有违反义务的嫌疑或证据,承包商应有义务实施和执行或促使相应的承包商或供应商实施和执行委托人合理书面要求的适当的整改措施。 + +一经委托人要求,承包商应(i)与委托人一起制定一个整改行动计划(包括该计划的明确时间表)以停止违反义务(“补救概念”)以及(ii)实施委托人自行合理决定要求的措施以执行该补救概念,不得无故拖延。 + +如果(i)承包商不遵守本条款项下的义务,(ii)期望受到实质性违反,或(iii)实施补救概念未在补救概念所设定的时间表内弥补对义务的违反行为,则委托人有权立即解除本合同。 + +## 6. 质量 + +承包商应实施并维持有效的质量保证体系,并且如有要求,应向委托人展示该体系。为此目的,承包商应采用一套含有ISO 9000及后续标准的要素的质量保证体系或同等标准的类似体系。委托人有权亲自或通过其委托的第三方在发出事先通知后检查承包商的质量保证体系。 + +## 7. 检查与验收 + +7.1 委托人及其授权代表有权在发出合理的事先通知的情况下在正常工作时间检查承包商制造货物的工厂,以便更好地让委找人确保合同项下供应的货物的质量。承包商和委托人应各自承担检查产生的费用。 + +7.2 委托人检查货物的任何部分或没有检查都不影响承包商根据所有合同条款履行交货义务,也不表示委托人放弃任何合同或法定权利。 + +7.3 对所有或部分货物和服务的验收应记录在委托人签发的验收证明中(或以双方书面约定的其它方式记录)。委托人使用或接受货物,或支付款项,或没有立即通知承包商都不表示放弃或影响委托人在合同项下的权利。 + +## 8. 分包商的使用 + +只有在获得委托人事先书面同意的情况下,承包商方可使用或替换第三方(尤其是分包商)。如果承包商计划从一开始就用分包商履行合同,则承包商必须在提交要约时告知委托人。承包商的合同义务不因分包行为而改变。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00091.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00091.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e776962b6215299065910de905e74f07d1cbf75f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00091.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +2022年10月1日 西日本高速道路株式会社 九州分公司 + +2023年4月10日修改 + +2023年9月20日修改 + +2024年10月1日修改 + +在「Kyushu Expressway Pass」用戶協議同意 + +____年____月____日 + +地址 _________ + +簽 名_______ + +電話號碼 ________ + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00092.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00092.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ea68a52e178dafdb91ab4a8c55d8f6b6e9970071 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00092.md @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +## 发生的对他人、对财物责任事故时的保险 + +为正规课程和学校活动中等发生赔偿责任事故造成的伤害提供赔偿(国内、国外)。 + +## 学研灾附带赔偿责任保险的说明“Futaibaiseki” + +## 加入对象 + +仅限于学校教育法等规定的大学等中,作为(公财)日本国际教育支援协会赞助会员的大学院、大学、短期大学或者高等专门学校的在籍学生且加入学研灾(*1)的学生。 +(*1)“学生教育研究灾害损害保险”的简称。 + +## 保险期间 + +·4月入学新生 自4月1日凌晨零点开始至第二年3月31日晚上12点为止。 +·9月入学新生 自9月1日凌晨零点开始至第二年8月31日晚上12点为止。 +· 10月入学新生 自10月1日凌晨零点开始至第二年9月30日晚上12点为止。 + +(注意)加入保险期间为一年时。加入期间为两年以上时,其保险期间到各自保险结束年度的结束之日为止。 +(注意)任意加入(学生自己决定加入)时,如果到保险期间开始的前一天为止学生未支付保险费,则保险期间从支付保险费的次日凌晨零点开始,到各保险期间结束之日为止。全员加入时的情况,请参照第4页。 + +## 为应对这样的赔偿责任事故 + + + + + +## A 类保险(学研赔“Gakkenbai”) + +授为应对上课时、上下学途中发生的事故! + +上课时、学校的活动中及其往返途中发生的赔偿责任事故! + + + +(注意)已加入了A类保险时,无需再加入B类保险。 + +## B 类保险(实习赔“Intern-bai”) + +仅限于实习、教育实习等! + +对实习、介护体验活动、教育实习、保育实习、志愿者活动及其往返途中发生的赔偿责任事故予以赔偿! + +(注意)医疗相关实习、药学教育业务实习除外。 +(注意)仅限于学校认定的正规课程、学校活动及课外活动[*3]。 + +## C 类保险(医学赔“Igakubai”) + +医疗相关实习中也能安心! + +对在医疗相关学部的实习中、学校活动中以及在其往返途中发生的赔偿责任事故予以赔偿! + + + +(注意)已加入了C类保险时,无需再加入A类及B类保险。 + +Gakkenbai(A类保险):学生教育研究赔偿责任保险/Intern-bai(B类保险):实习、教师资格活动等赔偿责任保险/Igakubai(C类保险):医学生教育研究赔偿责任保险 + +## 加保手续 + +各学校(*2)的保险种类及参保手续各不相同,请按照学校(*2)的指示办理。 + +(*2)仅限于学校教育法等规定的大学等中,作为(公财)日本国际教育支援协会赞助会员的大学院、大学、短期大学或者高等专门学校。 + +## 赔偿内容 + +在日本国内外,对于学生(被保险人)参加正规课程、学校活动、课外活动(*3)及其往返途中、致使他人受伤、或财物受到损坏等,依法应负赔偿责任的损害,支付保险金。 + +(⁎3)本保险中的“课外活动”,是指按学校规章制度所规定的手续,经学校同意成立的并开展实习活动或志愿者活动的校内学生团体组织进行的实习活动或者志愿者活动。除此之外的俱乐部活动引发的事故不作为保险金支付对象。但是,配合正常课程或学校活动参加当天的俱乐部活动(学校禁止的活动除外)时,按照合理路径及方法在往返和活动场所的沿途之间移动所进行的行为,包含在保险对象活动中。 + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00093.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00093.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1ac71d0e1ae4c1dc191143192aaeae8e56de69e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00093.md @@ -0,0 +1,157 @@ +## 重要事项说明书 + +## (合同概要·提请注意的信息的说明)请务必阅读 + +## 合同概要、提请注意的信息的说明 + +●合同概要中记载了供您了解加入本保险的重要内容事项。在申请加入之前请务必阅读。 + +●提请注意的信息中记载了申请加入本保险时,对各位加入的同学来说不利的事项等、需特别提请注意的信息。在申请加入之前请务必阅读。 + +•本书面资料并没有记载加入保险的全部内容。详细内容请参阅日本国际教育支援协会的网页上刊载的保险条款等、若有不明之处请向该协会或东京海上日动火灾保险(株)联系咨询。 + +(注意)由于不发行加入者证明等,因此请妥善保存好本“说明”、“学研灾附带赔偿责任保险加入的指南”等介绍合同内容相关的资料。 + +## 合同概要 + +## 1. 保险的构成及承保条件等 + +## (1) 保险的构成 + +本保险是(公财)日本国际教育支援协会作为投保人,该协会赞助会员学校在籍学生且加入了“学研灾”的学生为被保险人(保险对象)的团体合同。申请保险单的权利、解除保险合同的权利等属于该协会。可申请加入的被保险人的范围等,请参阅第1页。 + +## (2) 赔偿内容、保险期间(保险的合同期间) + +①关于主要的支付事由(属于赔偿对象的情况)、支付的保险金、②主要的除外责任事由(不属于赔偿对象的主要情况)、③保险期间等请参阅第1~第2页。 + +## (3) 承保条件(保险金额等) + +本保险的承保条件(保险金额等)从事先规定的保险类型中选择。关于保险类型的详细内容请参阅第2页。 + +## 2. 保险费·保险费的支付方法 + +保险费由加入的保险类型等决定。保险费相关内容,请查阅第2页。保险费的支付方法等,请按照学校的指示办理。 + +## 3. 满期返还金和投保人红利 + +本保险没有满期返还金和投保人红利。 + +## 提请注意的信息 + +## 1. 请注意重复补偿的事宜 + +请参阅第3页。 + +## 2. 告知义务等 + +签订保险合同时,有向承保保险公司说明有关重要事项(*1)的义务。 +· 签订保险合同时,如果有应告知的事项未记载,或告知的事项与事实不符的情况,本公司可以解除合同或不支付保险金。 + +· 为他人签订保险合同时,由于被保险人(保险对象)或其代理人的故意行为或者重大过失,造成统计报告书有应记载的事项未记载,或记载的事项与事实不符的情况,即便签约者或其代理人没有过失,其结果同上。 + +(*1)包括其它保险合同等有关事项。 + +## 3. 通知义务等 + +## (1) 加入后需留意的事项(变更事项的通知等) + +关于退学时的通知义务以及发生事故时须办理的手续请参阅第3页。 + +## (2)下次更新合同的承保 + +根据保险金申请状况等,有可能拒绝承保下次更新合同,或者限制承保条件等,敬请谅解。 + +## 4. 保险责任开始时间 + +(1) 4月入学新生,保险责任自4月1日凌晨零点开始。但是,4月1日以后加入的则按下述时间开始。 + +①全员加入的情况:经教授会决议的※加入保险日期是在4月1日以后时,经决议加入保险之日的凌晨零点为保险责任开始时间。 + +②任意加入的情况:学生向在籍的会员学校支付所定的保险费之日是在4月1日以后时,自支付日的次日凌晨零点为保险责任开始时间。 + +(2) 9月入学新生,保险责任自9月1日凌晨零点开始。但是,9月1日以后加入的则按下述时间开始。 + +①全员加入的情况:经教授会决议的※加入保险日期是在9月1日以后时,经决议加入保险之日的凌晨零点为保险责任开始时间。 + +②任意加入的情况:学生向在籍的会员学校支付所定的保险费之日是在9月1日以后时,自支付日的次日凌晨零点为保险责任开始时间。 + +(3) 10月入学新生。保险责任开始时间从10月1日凌晨零点开始。但是,10月1日以后加入的则按下述时间开始。 +①全员加入的情况:经教授会决议的※加入保险日期是在10月1日以后时,经决议加入保险之日的凌晨零点为保险责任开始时间。 + +②任意加入的情况:学生向在籍的会员学校支付所定的保险费之日是在10月1日以后时,自支付日的次日凌晨零点为保险责任开始时间。(注意)加入保险的日期从合同内所订之日开始生效。 + +## 5.主要的除外责任事由(不属于赔偿对象的主要事由)等 +请参阅第2页 + +## 6. 保险公司破产时的处理方法 + + 在承保保险公司出现经营破产等情况下,有时会一时冻结保险金、返还金等,或扣减支付金额。具体请参阅第3页。 + +## 7. 关于个人信息的使用管理 + +请参阅第3页。 + +## 其他提请注意的事项 + +## 1. 关于共同保险 + +关于共同保险请参阅第3页。 + +## 加入内容确认事项(意向确认事项) + +为了在万一发生事故时能够安心地利用本保险,在本确认事项中,请各位确认所加入的保险是否与您希望的保险内容相一致、是否正确填写申请加入的重要事项等。 + +烦请再次确认以下各事项 + +在确认时如有不明之处,请按“说明”上记载的联系地址进行咨询。 + +1. 请查看本“指南”中记载的“重要事项说明书”的内容,以确认保险商品在下述几点上符合所有学生的希望。 + +万一与您的希望不符,请重新考虑投保内容。 + +□保险金的支付事由、支付的保险金 + +□保险金额(保险合同的金额) + +□保险期间(保险合同的期间) + +□保险费・保险费的支付方法 + +2. 是否对重要事项说明书(合同概要·提请注意的信息)的内容进行了确认? + +特别是“提请注意的信息”中记载了“主要的除外责任事由等”对于加入的学生们不利的信息,以及“注意关于补偿的重复※”、“通知义务”等内容,请务必进行确认。 + +(注意)例如,在加入了补偿赔偿责任的特约的情况下,同时签订了其它同种保险时,有时补偿范围会重复。 + +## 保险相关的咨询和联系方式 + +东京海上日动火灾保险株式会社(经办保险公司)公务第二部文教公务室部政编码102-8014东京都千代田区三番町6番地4 + +0120-587-050(免费电话) + +受理时间:平日9:00~17:00(周六、周日以及节假日休息) + +## 事故的报告和商谈 + +东京海上日动学校保险部门 + +0120-868-066(免费电话) + +受理时间:平日9:00~17:00(周六、周日以及节假日休息) + +## 指定的争议解决机关(提请注意的信息) + +一般社团法人 日本损害保险协会 损保 ADR 中心(指定的争议解决机构) + +0570-022808 <收费电话> + +使用 IP 电话请拨打 03-4332-5241。 + +受理时间:平日9:15 ~ 17:00 + +〈周六·周日·节假日·年底年初休息。〉 + +东京海上日动火灾保险(株)与金融厅长宫根据保险业法所指定的争议解决机构即一般社团法人日本损害保险协会签订了手续实施基本合同。与东京海上日动火灾保险(株)之间不能解决的问题发生时,可向一般社团法人日本损害保险协会申请解决。 + +详细内容,请查询该协会的官方网站。( https:// www.sonpo.or.jp/ ) + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00094.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00094.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..478aaa4182a1fb4a993ac8da8921c9551851fbca --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00094.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +22. 适用的法律。 + +a. 美国。如果您在美国获得该软件,则对本协议的解释以及由于违反本协议而引起的索赔均以华盛顿州法律为准并受其管辖,而不考虑冲突法原则。您所居住的州的法律管辖其他所有索赔项目,包括根据州消费者保护法、不正当竞争法以及侵权法提出的相关索赔。 + +b. 美国以外,如果您在其他任何国家/地区购买该软件,则应遵守该国家/地区的法律。 + +23. 法律效力。本协议规定了某些合法权利。根据您所在州或国家/地区的法律规定,您可能享有其他权利。您还可能享有与您的软件卖方相关的权利。如果您所在州或国家/地区的法律不允许本协议改变您所在州或国家/地区法律赋予您的权利,则本协议将不改变您按照所在州或国家/地区的法律应享有的权利。 + +24. 补偿的限制和损害的排除。除制造商或安装商可能提供的退款外,您不能因任何其他损害获得退款,包括后果性损害、利润损失、特别的损害、间接损害或附带性损害。 + +该限制适用于: + +· 与第三方 Internet 站点上的软件、服务、内容(包括代码)或第三方程序相关的任何情况; 以及 + +· 在适用的法律允许的范围内,因违约、违反保证、保障或条件、严格责任、过失或其他侵权行为引起的索赔。 + +该限制同样适用于以下情况: + +· 对该软件的修复、更换或退款未完全补偿您的损失:或者 + +· Microsoft 知道或应该知道可能会出现损害。 + +某些州不允许排除或限制附带性损害或后果性损害的赔偿责任,因此上述限制或排除条款可能对您不适用。如果您所在国家/地区不允许排除或限制附带性损害、后果性损害或其他损害的赔偿责任,则它们同样可能不适用于您。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00095.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00095.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8b7ce7e1421f79d207596e5f5fd27a704f900dde --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00095.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +## 条款目录 + +1. 我们保多久、保什么 +1.1 保险期间 +1.2 基本保险金额 +1.3 未成年人身故保险金限制 +1.4 保险责任 +2. 什么情况我们不赔 +2.1 责任免除 +3. 如何交纳保险费 +3.1 保险费的交纳 + +4. 保单账户的运作管理 +4.1 保单账户与保单账户价值 +4.2 保单账户结算 +4.3 持续奖金 +4.4 保障成本 +4.5 费用收取 +4.6 保单账户价值的部分领取 +4.7 现金价值 + +5. 如何领取保险金 +5.1 受益人 +5.2 保险事故通知 +5.3 保险金申请 +5.4 保险金给付 + +6. 如何退保 +6.1 犹豫期 +6.2 您解除合同的手续及风险 + +7. 合同的构成与生效 +7.1 合同构成 +7.2 合同成立及生效 + +8. 需关注的其他事项 +8.1 明确说明与如实告知 +8.2 投保年龄 +8.3 年龄性别错误 +8.4 未还款项 +8.5 合同内容变更 +8.6 争议处理 + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00096.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00096.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d6cd2200d1adcaa6c5a81416be6d0bf3c789bf75 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00096.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +## 泰康人寿保险有限责任公司 + +## 泰康嘉盈两全保险(万能型)条款 + +在本条款中,“您”指投保人,“我们”、“本公司”均指在保险单上签章的泰康人寿保险有限责任公司的分公司,“本合同”指您与我们之间订立的“泰康嘉盈两全保险(万能型)保险合同”,“被保险人”指本合同的被保险人,投保人、被保险人的姓名在保险单上载明。 + +## 1. 我们保多久、保什么 + +## 1.1 保险期间 + +本合同的保险期间为5年,自本合同生效日零时开始,至保险单上载明的保险期间期满日的24时止。 + +## 1.2 基本保险金额 + +本合同的基本保险金额为保单账户价值的一定比例。该比例的取值约定如下: + + + +
到达年龄¹基本保险金额比例
0-17 周岁²0%
18-40 周岁60%
41-60 周岁40%
61周岁以上20%
+ +## 1.3 未成年人身故保险金限制 + +为未成年子女投保的人身保险,被保险人身故给付的身故保险金限额须符合《中华人民共和国保险法》等相关法律法规的规定。 + +## 1.4 保险责任 + +在本合同保险期间内,我们承担下列保险责任: + +## 身故保险金 + +在本合同有效期内,若被保险人身故,我们将向身故保险金受益人给付身故保险金,本合同终止。身故保险金的金额为: + + + +
给付条件身故保险金金额
被保险人因意外伤害¹导致身故或者因意外伤害以外的原因自本合同生效之日起180日后身故被保险人身故之日本合同的保单账户价值与基本保险金额之和
被保险人因意外伤害以外的原因自本合同生效之日起180日内身故被保险人身故之日本合同的保单账户价值
+ +## 满期保险金 + +被保险人在本合同保险期间届满时仍然生存,我们按本合同保险期间届满之日的保单账户价值向生存保险金受益人给付满期保险金,本合同终止。 + +(此页正文完) + +$^{1}$到达年龄指的是保险单上载明的被保险人投保年龄,加上保单年度数,再减去1后所得到的年龄。 + +$^{2}$周岁指按有效身份证件中记载的出生日期计算的年龄,自出生之日起为零周岁,每经过一年增加一岁,不足一年的不计。 + +意外伤害指外来的、突然的、非本意的、非疾病的使身体受到伤害的客观事件,猝死、自杀以及自伤均不属于意外伤害。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00097.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00097.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eca2a93f888b44ec1575b699f60e8fa56febae26 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00097.md @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +## 2. 什么情况我们不赔 + +## 2.1 责任免除 + +因下列情形之一导致被保险人身故的,我们不承担保险责任: + +(1)投保人对被保险人的故意杀害、故意伤害; + +(2)被保险人故意犯罪或者抗拒依法采取的刑事强制措施; + +(3) 被保险人主动吸食或者注射毒品$^{4}$; + +(4)被保险人在本合同成立(若曾复效,则自本合同最后复效)之日起2年内自杀,但被保险人自杀时为无民事行为能力人的除外; + +(5)被保险人酒后驾驶$^{5}$、无合法有效驾驶证驾驶$^{9}$,或者驾驶无合法有效行驶证$^{7}$的机动车$^{8}$; + +(6) 战争、军事冲突、暴乱或者武装叛乱; + +(7) 核爆炸、核辐射或者核污染。 + +被保险人因下列免责事项身故后的处理 + + + +
责任免除事项合同效力我们的做法
(1)终止向投保人之外的其他权利人$^{9}$给付本合同终止时的现金价值
(2) - (7)终止向您退还本合同终止时的现金价值
+ +## 3. 如何交纳保险费 + +## 3.1 保险费的交纳 + +本合同的保险费分为趸交保险费和追加保险费,扣除初始费用后的保险费计入保单账户价值。 + +## 趸交保险费 + +本合同的趸交保险费在投保时由您一次性交纳,交费金额由您在投保时与我们约定,并在保险单上载明。 + +## 追加保险费 + +经我们同意,您在犹豫期后可以随时向我们交纳追加保险费。 + +## 特别注意事项 + +趸交保险费和每笔追加保险费的金额须符合我们的约定。同时,趸交保险费或者追加保险费后,本合同的基本保险金额不得高于我们的约定。 + +## 4. 保单账户的运作管理 + +## 4.1 保单账户与保单账户价值 + +我们于本合同生效日设立保单账户,用于记录本合同的保单账户价值。 + +在本合同保险期间内,保单账户价值随着扣除初始费用后的保险费、保单账户利 + +$^{4}$毒品指中华人民共和国刑法规定的鸦片、海洛因、甲基苯丙胺(冰毒)、吗啡、大麻、可卡因以及国家规定管制的其他能够使人形成瘾癖的麻醉药品和精神药品,但不包括由医生开具并遵医嘱使用的用于治疗疾病但含有毒品成分的处方药品。 + +$^{5}$酒后驾驶指经检测或者鉴定,发生保险事故时每百毫升血液中的酒精含量达到或者超过一定的标准,公安机关交通管理部门依据《道路交通安全法》的规定认定为饮酒后驾驶或醉酒后驾驶。 + +$^{6}$无合法有效驾驶证驾驶指下列情形之一:(1)没有取得中华人民共和国有关主管部门颁发或者认可的驾驶资格证书;(2)驾驶与合法有效驾驶证准驾车型不相符合的车辆;(3)持审验不合格的驾驶证驾驶;(4)在驾驶证有效期内未按照中华人民共和国法律、行政法规的规定,定期对机动车驾驶证实施审验的;(5)驾驶证已过有效期的。 + +$^{7}$无合法有效行驶证指发生保险事故时没有按照公安机关交通管理部门机动车登记制度的规定进行登记并领取机动车行驶证或者临时通行牌证等法定证件,包括下列情形之一:(1)未办理行驶证或者行驶证在申办过程中的;(2)机动车行驶证被依法注销登记的;(3)未在行驶证检验有效期内依法按时进行或者未通过机动车安全技术检验的。 + +$^{8}$机动车指以动力装置驱动或者牵引,上道路行驶的供人员乘用或者用于运送物品以及进行工程专项作业的轮式车辆。 + +$^{9}$投保人之外的其他权利人:按照被保险人第一顺序法定继承人,第二顺序法定继承人的顺序确定。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00098.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00098.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ef8d9f490f41961ac7eec5c3b7e07f2ffe2520c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00098.md @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +残障保险(DI)办公地点和邮寄地址 + +Chico ............... 645 Salem Street + (PO Box 8190, Chico, CA 95927-8190) + +Chino Hills ....... 15315 Fairfield Ranch Road, Ste. 100 (PO Box 60006, City of Industry, CA 91716-0006) + +Fresno ……………………………………… 2555 S. Elm Avenue +(PO Box 32, Fresno, CA 93707-0032) + +Long Beach ........... 4300 Long Beach Blvd., Ste. 600 +(PO Box 469, Long Beach, CA 90801-0469) + +Los Angeles ........... 888 S. Figueroa Street, Ste. 200 +(PO Box 513096, Los Angeles, CA 90051-1096) + +Oakland ..... 7677 Oakport Street, Ste. 325 + (PO Box 1857, Oakland, CA 94606-1857) + +Sacramento ................................. 5009 Broadway +(PO Box 13140, Sacramento, CA 95813-3140) + +San Bernardino .......................... 371 West 3rd Street +(PO Box 781, San Bernardino, CA 92402-0781) + +San Diego ...9246 Lightwave Avenue, Bldg. A, Ste.300 +(PO Box 120831, San Diego, CA 92112-0831) + +San Francisco ............... 745 Franklin Street, Rm. 300 +(PO Box 193534, San Francisco, CA 94119-3534) + +San Jose .......................... 297 West Hedding Street +(PO Box 637, San Jose, CA 95106-0637) + +Santa Ana .......................... 2 MacArthur Place, Suite 400 +(PO Box 1466, Santa Ana, CA 92702-1466) + +Santa Barbara .......................... 128 East Ortega Street +(PO Box 1529, Santa Barbara, CA 93102-1529) + +Santa Rosa .......................... 606 Healdsburg Avenue +(PO Box 700, Santa Rosa, CA 95402-0700) + +Stockton .......................... 3127 Transworld Dr., Ste. 150 +(PO Box 201006, Stockton, CA 95201-9006) + +加利福尼亚州政府雇员 +(PO Box 2168, Stockton, CA 95201-2168) + +Van Nuys ……………… 15400 Sherman Way, Rm. 500 +(PO Box 10402, Van Nuys, CA 91410-0402) + + + +加利福尼亚州 + +劳工与劳动力发展局 +就业发展部 + +本册子仅供一般参考,不具有法律、规则或条例的效力。 + +EDD是一个机会均等的雇主/计划。如果残障人士提出请求,可提供辅助器具和服务。对于服务、辅具和/或其他形式的请求,请致电1-866-490-8879(DI)。TTY用户请拨打711加州转接服务。 + + +残障是指身体或精神上的疾病或损伤,致使残障者无法从事常规工作。 + +残障包括选择性外科手术、妊娠、分娩或相关医疗情况。 + +残障保险(DI)是加州残障保险(SDI)计划的组成部分,旨在替代部分由于非工作相关的残障而损失的工资(工作相关残障见“其他计划”)。 + +SDI缴纳由SDI计划涵盖的加州工作者支付。缴款费率每年可能不尽相同。欲知当前费率,请访问State Disability Insurance的网站(edd.ca.gov/disability),或者拨打1-800-480-3287联系就业发展部(EDD)的DI客户服务, + +或拨打1-888-745-3886联系EDD的就业税客户服务。 + +## DI计划 + +· 州计划。本册子涵盖DI州计划。 + +• 自愿计划(VP)。自愿计划是私人计划,可替代州计划。如果得到雇主和多数雇员同意,可设立自愿计划。可通过您的雇主获取VP信息和提出申请。如果您参与VP,本册子的条款可能不适用于您。请通过您的雇主获取您的保险信息,以及提出VP申请。 + +• 选择性保险(EC)。雇主和包括普通合伙人在内的自雇者可选择是否参保SDI。EC参保人福利的计算方法不同于法定费率支付者。每年确定的参保成本,可从您本地EDD的就业税客户服务中心获取。 +申请EC的方式与申请州计划相同。但是,申请EC的资格要求与本册子所列明的有所不同。 + +如需获取更多信息或申请参保,请致电1-800-480-3287联系EDD的DI客户服务,或致电1-888-745-3886联系EDD的就业税客户服务,或访问State Disability Insurance(edd.ca.gov/disability)。 + +## 如何申请州计划福利 + +1. 使用SDI Online 安全地申请福利,或者在该网站索取纸质申请表。 + +• 访问网站:State Disability Insurance (edd.ca.gov/disability) + +• 通过电话:1-800-480-3287。 + +• 通过邮寄:EDD, Disability Insurance, PO Box 989777, West Sacramento, CA 95798-9777 + +• 参保SDI的加州政府雇员应当拨打1-856-352-7675。 + +2. 在线申请SDI时,请填写所有要求的字段。申请提交后,SDI在线将生成一个收据号码。 +如果使用纸质Claim for Disability Insurance (DI) Benefits (DE 2501),请填写并签署A部分的申请人声明(Claimant's Statement)。请清楚打印,并核实您的答案完整且正确,因为错误将会导致付款推迟。 + +3. 请让您的医生/执业医师在线或使用纸质申请表,填写B部分的医生/执业医师证明(Physician/Practitioner's Certification)。如果在线填写,您的医生/执业医师需要您的收据号码来填写B部分的医生/执业医师证明。通常,您申请开始的时间不得早于医生/执业医师为您检查或治疗前的7天。证明可由以下人员提供: + +• 持证内科或骨科医生和外科医生。 +• 执业护士。 + +• 医生助理。 + +· 脊骨按摩治疗师。 + +· 牙医。 + +· 足科医师。 + + · 验光配镜师。 + +· 指定的心理学家。 + +• 美国政府机构授权的医疗人员。 + +正常妊娠或分娩相关的残障,也可由持证护士-助产士或持证助产士提供证明。 + +4. 请在残障第一日起的49日内,在线申请或者提交纸质申请表。如果您的申请迟延,除非您对迟延的解释被认定为合理,否则您可能失去福利。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00099.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00099.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..287256961f1b4a43ca769883585280393afd8d85 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00099.md @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +对于设计缺陷或不当材料选择造成的缺陷,布赫液压不给予保修。对订货人提供的零件,布赫液压也不给予保修。 + +6. 订货人必须向布赫液压或参与开展保修工作的第三方提供充分的时间和条件开展此项工作。每台产品的维修费用不超过产品本身的单价,超出部分布赫液压不予承担。 + +7. 保修的内容应仅为技术说明或订单确认书中明确规定的內容。保修的适用期最长不超过保修期满日,如果订货人已经同意验收,则在验收过程中验证上述保修内容时,应视为已经完成保修。 + +如果保修内容没有被完成或者仅部分完成,订货人必须首先要求布赫液压立即对缺陷校正。为此,订货人必须给予布赫液压必要的时间和机会。 + +如果此类缺陷改进不成功或者仅部分成功,订货人有权要求布赫液压针对此类情况协商约定相应的赔偿,或者在未达成此类协议的情况下要求可接受的降价。 + +如果缺陷严重到无法在合理的期限内修复,并且当时的供货或服务不适于规定的目的,或仅在相当小的程度上适于规定的目的,则订货人有权拒绝接受缺陷部分,或者如果订货人在商业上不接受部分供货或服务,则订货人有权解除合同。布赫液压只有义务退还就受影响的部分已收取的金额。 + +8. 只有在发生预谋或重大过失的情况下,布赫液压才应负责满足订货人基于咨询不足等类似原因提出的权利要求,或者基于违反各种附属义务提出的权利要求。 + +9. 在补充履约所需的必要期间,保修期应停止计算。补充履约结束后,保修期不应重新开始计算。 + +10. 如果补充履约被认定无效,则订货人可以协商适当降低货物价格。 + +11. 因为缺陷发生的权利,特别是针对非源自商品本身的损害提出的合同或非合同索赔,应排除按照第十一条规定的范围(参见“责任排除”)。 + +12. 如果投诉被证明理由不当,布赫液压有权向订货人收取因此产生的所有费用。 + +13. 本条规定应相应的适用于非因侵犯第三方知识产权而产生的所有权缺陷。 + +## 十、侵犯知识产权 + +如果产品是根据订货人提供的图纸、草图或其他指示制作的,则订货人应承担保证产品不侵犯第三方的知识产权的责任,若布赫液压因遵守订货人提供的文件或指示,造成对第三方知识产权的违反,相关责任由订货人承担。如果第三方基于该等侵权向布赫液压提出索赔,则订货人必须补偿布赫液压因索赔遭受的全部损失。 + +## 十一、损害赔偿责任 + +1. 除上述权利要求之外,订货人的任何权利要求,特别是损害赔偿责任,均不应包括在内。 + +上述责任免除不适用于下列情况: + +‐ 布赫液压的法定代表人、高级管理人员或代理人存在预谋或重大过失; + +‐ 发生无行为能力情况: + +‐ 权利要求仅限于合同可合理预见的典型损害: + +‐ 根据《民法典》、《产品质量法》的规定,交付的产品存在缺陷或私自使用产品造成的财产损坏 + +‐ 布赫液压可合理投保的风险: + +‐ 如果可以保修,则都需提供保修。 + +布赫液压法定代表人、员工及代理人不承担个人责任。 + +2. 所有违反合同的情况及其法律后果,以及订货人所有的权利要求,均在本条款中得到最终解决。特别是未明确提到的损害赔偿、降价、因合同取消或合同解除提出的所有权利要求均应予以免除,在任何情况下,订货人不得就非源自交付产品本身的损害提出任何权利要求,包括但不限于产量损失、有效性损失、使用损失、利润损失及其他直接或间接损害。该责任免除不适用于于布赫液压存在预谋或重大过失的情况,但应适用于辅助人员存在预谋或重大过失的情况。如果与管辖法律冲突,则该责任免除不应适用。 + +3 违约方应当赔偿因违约给对方造成的损失费用(包括诉讼费用、律师费、鉴定费等) + +## 十二、解决合同纠纷的方式 + +1. 双方之间产生有关本合同的一切纠纷,双方应通过友好协商解决,如果协商不成的,双方当事人应当依法向布赫液压所在地人民法院起诉。 + + + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00100.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00100.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..da8a876ad18140b2e6f3870fe5f88487ede7067c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00100.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ + + + + + + +
Term 术语Definition 定义
SML program
SML 项目
A Novartis SML program involves gathering and analyzing user generated content from non-Novartis
owned Digital Engagement Assets (such as social media communities,forums,blogs etc.)with the support of a specialized SML tool or program for business purposes.
In addition,istening performed manually or with the support of a specialized SML tool or program in closed or secret groups must always be registered.
Examples of SML programs include:
Analyzing user-generated content posted on non-Novarts owned social media accounts such as Twitter to determine sentiment
Conducting keyword-based queries on non-Novartis owned Digital Engagement Assets,aggregating and analyzing all conversations related to a particular topic (e.g.,around a
particular disease area)
Listening to and analyzing conversations on non Novartis owned Digtal Engagement Assets between
specific stakeholder groups (e.g., HCPs) to optimize current communication and marketing strategies
·诺华SML 项目是在专门的SML 工具或项目支持下,从非诺华的字参与资产(如社交媒体社区、论坛和博客等)冲收集和分析用户生成的内容。
·此外,手动执行的倾听项目,或在封闭或秘密小组中,在专门的SML 工具或项目的支持执行的倾听项目也必须注册。
·SML 项目的例子包括:
·分析发布在非诺华的社交媒体账户(如Twitter )的用户生成的内容,以确定观点。
·对非诺华的数字参与资产进行基于关键字的查询,汇总并分析与特定主题相关的所有对话(例,围绕一个特定疾病区域)。
·倾听并分析在非诺华的数字参与资产上的特定利益相关群体(如 HCPs )之间的对话,以优化当前的沟通和营销策略
+ +## Attachments: 附件: + +Exhibit 1: AE reporting form - Please attach your local AE reporting form + +附件 1:AE 报告表-请附上您当地的 AE 报告表 + +Exhibit 2: Aggregate report: Please attach FRM-7025610 + +附件2:集结报告:请随附FRM-7025610 + +## Abbreviation List 缩略语列表 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
AEAdverse Event 不良事件
DEADigital Engagement Asset 数字参与资产
ESPExternal Service Provider 外部服务提供商
FRMForm 表格
PVIPharmacovigilance Intake 药物警戒纳入系统
SMSocial Media 社交媒体
SMLSocial Media Listening 社交媒体倾听
SDVSource Data Verification 源数据核准
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00101.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00101.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8064b2ca2c3722038579227a4b5388cbf81c54e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00101.md @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
术语含文
思科产品/服务思科品牌的(a )硬件,(b )软件或云服务的使用权。(c )订用产品/服务中包含的技术支持,及(山附带技术和资源。
思科合作伙伴思科授权销售思科产品/服务的思科授权经销商,分销商,系统集成商或其他第三方。
云服务思科提供的可通过互联网访问的按需服务,以“xX 即服务”的方式提供软件、平台、基础设施和网络产品和服务,详见相关产品/服务说明。
机密信息接收方因本条款获得的披露方的非公开专有信息,此类信息:
(a )如果以书面方式披露,则明显标记为机密信息;或者在口头披露时(或口头披露之后及时)明确声明是机密信息:或
(b )据其性质应被理视机密信息,无论是以书面还是口头方式披露。
客户内容定文见客户内容·数据随报网页的数据简报。
数据个数据,客户内容和系统信息。
数据简报对恩科产品/服务收集的每种类型的数据(例如,个数据,客户内容和系统信息),此类数据的收集方式和
使用时间进行说明的文档,详见信任门户网页。
数据处理条款思科主数据保护协议中的思科数据处理条款,或者您与思科签订的涵盖相同范围的条款。
文档思科正式发布的、载明相关思科产品/服务的功能和性能的技术规范和使用材料,可不时更新。
免费试用版定义见第1 . 1 条(访问免费试版)。
免费试用期定文见第3 . 1 条(访问免费试版)。
硬件通常在价目表中列出的有形思科品牌硬件产品。硬件不包括价目表中以第三方的名义列出的任何有形产品。
信息安全附件说明思科为保护个人数据和客户内容而实施的安全措施的文件,详见信息安全附件网页。
形意代码思科产品/服务预期用途(例如,作为思科安全产品的一部分)之外的,旨在禁用或阻碍网络、系统、软件或
云服务的正常运行或者提供对网络,系统,软件或云服务的未经授权访问权限的代码。
产品/服务说明思科作为“产品/服务说明“发布的文件,其中包含思科产品/服务或购买计划特定的更多信息或相关条款,详见产品特定条款网页。
订单您从授权来源购买思科产品/服务的交易,包括通过购买和订购文件、签署协议或工说明书,或者通过在线
订购工具或市场进行交易。
个人数据与可识别身份的个相关或与之关联的任何信息。包括可指向某一个人可用于直接或间接识别某一个人身份的任何信息。如需了解与个人数据相关的详细信息,请参见个人数据·数据简报网页。
价目表Cico . com 上布的销售相关科产品/服务的思科实体相对应的价表。
隐私数据表适用于思科产品/服务的隐私数据表,详见信任门户,隐私数据表网页。
退还按照思科或您的授权来源的指示,停止使用、销毁相关思科产品/服务或将相关思科产品/服务退还给您的授权
来源。
服务水平协议适用于订用产品/服务(如适用)的服务水平协议,详见相关产品/服务说明。
软件思科品牌的计算机序,包括升和固件。
订用产品/服务按照您的订单按期限或订用方式提供的思科产品/服务
补充条款适用于您的订单的任何附加条款(包括适用于特定地区或购买计划的条款)。
系统信息定义见系统信息,数据简报网页。
转让政策思科的使用权转让政策,详见思科软件转让和再许可政策以及软件许可可移植性政策。
升级对软件进的所有更新、升级、漏修复、错误更正、功能增强和其修改。
使用期限您可对您订单项下的思科产品/服务行使使用权的期限。
使用权定见第2 . 1 条。
您、您的购买对思科产品/服务访权限的个人法律实体
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00102.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00102.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b264a763c14fc9a2ee3fc321d1d11ae690c92532 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00102.md @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +## 前言 + +本标准代替 GB 2760—2011《食品安全国家标准 食品添加剂使用标准》。 + +本标准与 GB 2760—2011 相比,主要变化如下: + +——增加了原卫生部2010年16号公告、2010年23号公告、2012年1号公告、2012年6号公告、2012年15号公告、2013年2号公告,国家卫生和计划生育委员会2013年2号公告、2013年5号公告、2013年9号公告、2014年3号公告、2014年5号公告、2014年9号公告、2014年11号公告、2014年17号公告的食品添加剂规定。 + +——将食品营养强化剂和胺基糖果中基础剂物质及其配料名单调整由其他相关标准进行规定。 + +——修改了3.4带入原则,增加了3.4.2。 + +——修改了附录 A“食品添加剂的使用规定”: + +a) 制定了表 A.1 中 4-苯基苯酚、2-苯基苯酚钠盐、不饱和脂肪酸单甘酯、茶黄色素、茶绿色素、多穗柯棕、甘草、硅铝酸钠、葫芦巴胶、黄蜀葵胶、酸性磷酸铝钠、辛基苯氧聚乙烯氧基、辛烯基琥珀酸铝淀粉、薪草提取物、乙萘酚、仲丁胺等食品添加剂品种及其使用规定; + +b) 修改了表 A.1 中硫酸铝钾、硫酸铝铵、赤藓红及其铝色淀、靛蓝及其铝色淀、亮蓝及其铝色淀、柠檬黄及其铝色淀、日落黄及其铝色淀、胭脂红及其铝色淀、诱惑红及其铝色淀、焦糖色(加氨生产)、焦糖色(亚硫酸铵法)、山梨醇酐单月桂酸酯、山梨醇酐单棕榈酸酯、山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯、山梨醇酐三硬脂酸酯、山梨醇酐单油酸酯、甜菊糖苷、胭脂虫红的使用规定; + +c) 在表 A.1 中增加了 L(+)-酒石酸、dl-酒石酸、纽甜、$\beta$-胡萝卜素、$\beta$-环状糊精、双乙酰酒石酸单双甘油酯、阿斯巴甜等食品添加剂的使用范围和最大使用量,删除了上述食品添加剂在表 A.2 中的使用规定; + +d) 删除了表 A.1 中部分食品类别中没有工艺必要性的食品添加剂规定; + +e) 表 A.3 中增加了“06.04.01 杂粮粉”,删除了“13.03 特殊医学用途配方食品”。 + +——修改了附录 B 食品用香料、香精的使用规定: + +a) 删除了八角茴香、牛至、甘草根、中国肉桂、丁香、众香子、莳萝籽等香料品种; + +b) 表 B.1 中增加“16.02.01 茶叶、咖啡”。 + +——修改了附录 C 食品工业用加工助剂(以下简称“加工助剂”)使用规定: + +a) 表 C.1 中增加了过氧化氢; + +b) 表 C.2 中删除了甲醇、钯、聚甘油聚亚油酸酯品种及其使用规定。 + +——删除了附录 D 胶基糖果中基础剂物质及其配料名单。 + +——修改了附录 F 食品分类系统: + +a) 修改为附录 E 食品分类系统; + +b) 修改了01.0、02.0、04.0、08.0、09.0、11.0、12.0、13.0、14.0、16.0等类别中的部分食品分类号及食品名称,并按照调整后的食品类别对食品添加剂使用规定进行了调整。 + +——增加了附录 F“附录 A 中食品添加剂使用规定索引”。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00103.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00103.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eef8a350eb973dee13666d3704988dc2b23e1630 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00103.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +## 7. 费用 + +7.1 甲方应当在乙方根据双方约定按期、保质举办知乎Live后,将通过甲方验收的该场知乎Live对应费用一次性支付给乙方。除此费用外,甲方无需向乙方支付任何其他费用。付款前,乙方应向甲方开具同等数额的符合甲方财务要求的增值税专用发票,甲方在收到发票后【15】个工作日内,将相应款项以银行转账/汇款的方式支付给乙方。双方自行承担各自税费。对于双方本次知乎Live合作,乙方无需向甲方支付知乎Live开通费。本协议下所有金额均为含税人民币价。 + +7.2 乙方银行账户信息为: + +开户名称:集智学园(北京)科技有限公司 + +开户银行:招商银行股份有限公司北京上地支行 + +银行帐号:110929000710802 + +如因乙方提供账户信息有误,或账户信息改动而未能提前15个工作日明确告知甲方的,导致乙方未能按约收到款项的不视为甲方违约,因此产生相应费用及损失由乙方自行承担。 + +7.3 甲方开票信息如下: + +公司名称:北京智者天下科技有限公司 + +纳税人识别号:911101085769143151 + +公司地址:北京市海淀区学院路甲5号1幢三层1#厂房3-010 + +联系电话:61190680 + +开户行名称:北京市交通银行中关村园区(支行) + +银行账号:110061241018010078412 + +## 8. 保密 + +8.1 合作双方保证对在讨论、签订、执行本协议过程中所获悉的属于对方的且无法自公开渠道获得的文件及资料(包括商业秘密、公司计划、运营活动、运营文档、财务信息、作品信息、人员名单等)予以保密。未经该资料和文件的原提供方同意,另一方不得向任何第三方泄露该商业秘密的全部或部分内容。但法律、法规另有规定或双方另有约定的除外。乙方应当保证主讲人承担相同的保密义务。 + +8.2 本协议终止后,本保密条款仍具有法律效力,直至上述信息已经通过合法方式成为公众信息之日止。一方若违反上述保密义务,应赔偿另一方因此而遭受的一切经济损失。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_contract_00104.md b/markdowns/legal_contract_00104.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..57ce25b3636c09e0249fefa44bcd04a793df2d79 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_contract_00104.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +give notice to the Employer and shall be entitled subject to Sub-Clause 20.1 [Contractor's Claims] to: + +(a) an extension of time for any such delay, if completion is or will be delayed, under Sub-Clause 8.4 [Extension of Time for Completion], and + +(b) payment of any such Cost plus reasonable profit, which shall be added to the Contract Price. + +After receiving this notice, the Employer shall proceed in accordance with Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] to agree or determine these matters. + +However, if and to the extent that the Employer's failure was caused by any error or delay by the Contractor, including an error in, or delay in the submission of, any of the Contractor's Documents, the Contractor shall not be entitled to such extension of time, Cost or profit. + +## 2.2Permits,Licences or Approvals + +The Employer shall (where he is in a position to do so) provide reasonable assistance to the Contractor at the request of the Contractor: + +(a) by obtaining copies of the Laws of the Country which are relevant to the Contract but are not readily available, and + +(b) for the Contractor's applications for any permits, licences or approvals required by the Laws of the Country: + +(i) which the Contractor is required to obtain under Sub-Clause 1.13 [Compliance with Laws], + +(ii) for the delivery of Goods, including clearance through customs, and + +(iii) for the export of Contractor's Equipment when it is removed from the Site. + +## 2.3 Employer's Personnel + +The Employer shall be responsible for ensuring that the Employer's Personnel and the Employer's other contractors on the Site: + +(a) co-operate with the Contractor's efforts under Sub-Clause 4.6 [Co-operation], and + +(b) take actions similar to those which the Contractor is required to take under sub-paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of Sub-Clause 4.8 [Safety Procedures] and under Sub-Clause 4.18 [Protection of the Environment]. + +## 2.4 Employer's Financial Arrangements + +The Employer shall submit, within 28 days after receiving any request from the Contractor, reasonable evidence that financial arrangements have been made and are being maintained which will enable the Employer to pay the Contract Price (as estimated at that time) in accordance with Clause 14 [Contract Price and Payment]. If the Employer intends to make any material change to his financial arrangements, the Employer shall give notice to the Contractor with detailed particulars. + +## 2.5 Employer's Claims + +If the Employer considers himself to be entitled to any payment under any Clause of these Conditions or otherwise in connection with the Contract, and/or to any extension of the Defects Notification Period, he shall give notice and particulars to the Contractor. However, notice is not required for payments due under Sub-Clause 4.19 [Electricity, Water and Gas], under Sub-Clause 4.20 [Employer's Equipment and Free-Issue Material], or for other services requested by the Contractor. + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00001.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00001.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3765ae1c0a1ab2284913443d0c507ef607712153 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00001.md @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +## 生物多样性公约 + +Distr. + +LIMITED + +CBD/COP/14/L.10 + +22 November 2018 + +CHINESE + +ORIGINAL: ENGLISH + +生物多样性公约缔约方大会 + +第十四届会议 + +2018年11月17日至29日,埃及沙姆沙伊赫 + +议程项目 19 + +## 第 8(J) 条和相关条款范围内使用的有关关键术语和概念词汇表 + +## 第二工作组主席提交的决定草案 + +缔约方大会, + +注意到第 8(j) 条和相关条款范围内使用术语和概念的清晰性能够增进共同理解,并有助于执行第 8(j) 条和相关条款,到 2020 年实现爱知生物多样性指标 18, + +又注意到在《公约》下举行的会议中对第8(j)条和相关条款范围内使用的术语和概念具有共同理解可协助各缔约方在未来根据《公约》作出的决定和指示包括在拟定2020年后安排中达成共识, + +强调本词汇表的使用不妨碍《公约》中使用的术语,不构成对《公约》的解释或按照《维也纳条约法公约》$^{1}$对其条款的应用,也不妨碍在其他国际论坛上进一步讨论术语, + +1. 通过本决定附件所载在第8(j)条和相关条款范围内使用的关键术语和概念自愿词汇表,考虑到使用术语表是自愿的,这些术语和概念受制于本国立法以及各缔约方或缔约国政府的不同国情,而且许多缔约方对于在其管辖范围内可能已经适用的术语和概念有着特定的理解; + +2. 鼓励各缔约方、其他国家政府和观察员在土著人民和当地社区充分有效的参与下,根据本国立法和国情酌情传播和利用本词汇表,以支持执行第8(j)条和相关条款,并将其纳入在《公约》开展的未来工作; + +3. 请第 8(j) 条和相关条款问题不限成员名额特设工作组在今后工作中铭记本词汇表,将其作为随时可以取用的资源和参考,并作为 2020 年后安排的一部分,在必要时定期重审和更新这份词汇表。 + +## 附件 + +## 第8(j)条和相关条款范围内的关键术语和概念的自愿性词汇表 + +1 联合国,《条约汇编》,第 1155 卷,第 18232 号。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00002.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00002.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fddbf749b1ec37829d4dfc5a5314541f0c0790fb --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00002.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +联合国国际贸易法委员会 + +## 数字经济 + +## 相关法律问题 + +## 分类法 + +由联合国国际贸易法 + +委员会秘书处编写 + + + +联合国 + +2023年,维也纳 diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00003.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00003.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7036374207bdb968f045bdd6ec1c11bb1d99a45b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00003.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +## 3. 证券法 + +99. 一些数字资产——尤其是证券型和投资型令牌——表面上赋予持有者一些权利,这些权利类似于股票和其他投资证券所包含的权利。因此,这些数字资产可以构成投资工具,并涉及与发行和交易投资证券有关的法律以及关于持有证券的法律。 + +## 4. 担保交易法 + +100. 对于加密货币形式的数字资产,持有者可能希望对数字资产设保(即,在数字资产上设定担保权益,以保证支付或履行某些其他债务)。这就提出了是否可以根据担保交易法对数字资产设保的问题。在这方面,担保交易法的实质范围可能与财产法制度挂钩,从而可以仅对财产权利的客体设保。$^{106}$ 这就产生了是否对包括担保权益完善和执行条文等担保交易法条文加以调整以适用于把此类数字资产用作抵押品的情形的更多问题。 + +101. 对于由资产支持的数字令牌形式的数字资产,令牌可能表面上代表关联资产上的担保权益。这就提出了一个问题,即系统中令牌的创建和转让是否以及如何构成担保权益的创建和转让,并且是否以及如何完善担保权益使之具有对抗关联资产受让人的效力。 + +## 5. 关于可转让票据和可转让单证的法律 + +102. 一些由资产支持的数字令牌形式的数字资产,尤其是那些表面上代表货物交付权或受付权的数字资产,可能类似于汇票或本票等流通票据,或类似于提单或其他所有权凭证等流通单证。由此产生的问题是,关于使用流通票据和流通单证的现行法律是否适用于此类数字资产,这将在很大程度上取决于这些法律是否在电子环境下适用(《电子可转让记录示范法》的通过解决了这一问题)。 + +例如,在澳大利亚,担保交易法适用于“个人财产”:《2009年个人财产证券法案》,第10条。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00004.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00004.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c90e01dfaf14ea2a7960b029bcbbd68dd0b68f72 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00004.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +## 缩略语 + +
AI人工智能
《销售公约》《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》
DLT分布式分类账技术
ECC(《电子通信公约》)《联合国国际合同使用电子通信公约》
EU(欧盟)欧洲联盟
HCCH海牙国际私法会议
ISO(标准化组织)国际标准化组织
ITU(国际电联)国际电信联盟
MAL(《商事仲裁示范法》)MLEC(《电子商务示范法》)《贸易法委员会国际商事仲裁示范法》《贸易法委员会电子商务示范法》
MLES(《电子签名示范法》)《贸易法委员会电子签名示范法》
MLETR(《电子可转让记录示范法》)《贸易法委员会电子可转让记录示范法》
MLIT(《身份管理和信任服务示范法》)《贸易法委员会使用和跨境承认身份管理和信任服务示范法》
MLST(《担保交易示范法》)《贸易法委员会担保交易示范法》
MSME(中小微企业)中小微型企业
New York Convention (《纽约公约》)《承认及执行外国仲裁裁决公约》
OECD(经合组织)经济合作与发展组织
Singapore Mediation Convention(《新加坡调解公约》)《联合国关于调解所产生的国际和解协议公约》
diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00005.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00005.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e4ff5ff66f368a50c72f327f95c5baa211ddc5a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00005.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +## 3. 工作定义 + +172. 为了展开进一步的法律分析,分布式分类账技术(“分布式分类账技术”)的工作定义可以从为实现和维护在多个联网计算机(或服务器)上共享、复制和同步的分类账(或数据库)的一组技术和方法$^{152}$的角度来拟订分布式分类账技术的工作定义。$^{153}$因此,分布式分类账系统是支持部署这些技术和方法的系统(包括软件和硬件组件)。分布式分类账技术系统在其设计、治理、目的和用途方面各不相同。 + +173. 从本质上讲,分布式分类账技术系统代表了在记录数据上的一种新的方式。显然,使用如此简单的术语来描述分布式分类账技术系统,可能会忽略分布式分类账技术系统在向交易相关活动提供支持或根本性变革上的潜力。它还可能会忽略所涉技术的复杂性和这些技术迅猛的发展速度。然而,如果从以在分布式分类账中记录的各类数据为重点入手,则有助于理解分布式分类账技术系统与交易有关的各项应用: + +- 可以对记录在分布式分类账中的数据加以处理以提供商用服务。举例说,可以经由供应链平台作为服务供应的一部分处理向多个数据提供商收集的商品跟踪数据。对供应链平台的进一步探讨见本分类法第四部分。 + +- 记录在分布式分类账中的数据可以构成个人的标识符,个人利用该标识符创建用于执行电子交易的电子签名(例如,证明自己的身份或在电子记录上签名)。下文述及将分布式分类账技术系统用于利用贸易法委员会关于电子签名的法规的情况(E.1小节)。 + +- 记录在分布式分类账中的数据可以构成商业交易记录。若干分布式分类账技术系统使用含义更广的“交易”一语,以指涉向共识机制提交新的数据条目的任何行动,$^{154}$此类行动可能与商业活动没有任何联系,也不符合国内法下的交易的概念。$^{155}$ + +$^{152}$此处所用“方法”一语的含义一如它在贸易法委员会电子商务文本中的使用。 + +$^{153}$法律意见和法规经常将术语“分布式分类账技术”和“区块链”混为一谈;为保持一致起见,本分类法把“分布式分类账技术系统”用作一个涵盖一切的术语。 + +$^{154}$例如,ISO 22739:2020 把分类账中记录的交易定义为“与区块链或分布式分类账的交互有关的工作流程最小单位”。 + +$^{155}$例如,美国几乎所有各州的法律都以《统一电子交易法》(1999年)为基础,将“交易”定义为是指“两个或两个以上的人之间发生的与开展企业、商业或政府事务有关的一项或多项行动”。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00006.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00006.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..606bebdc8618c8ac85c048a29156dcebbfb4e9b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00006.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +## 附件: + +## 国际会计准则理事会《保险合同(征求意见稿)》简介 + +引言 + +发布本征求意见稿的原因 + +制定本征求意见稿的目的在于:改进保险合同对主体的财务状况和财务业绩所产生之影响的透明度,并减少保险合同会计处理中存在的差异。本征求意见稿中的提案将取代《国际财务报告准则第4号——保险合同》。 + +目前,在国际财务报告准则(IFRS)中,并没有全面规范保险合同会计处理的准则。2004年发布的《国际财务报告准则第4号—保险合同》是一个阶段性的准则,其允许采用多种不同的处理方法。该准则还包括一项“暂时豁免”,明确说明主体无需确保其会计政策与使用者的经济决策需求相关,或者是能够依赖的。也就是说,不同公司使用不同地区根据当地产品和法规发展出来的会计模型核算保险合同。因此,不同公司的保险合同会计处理方法存在实质性的差异。因此,国际会计准则理事会致力于尽快发布一项有关保险合同的准则,并希望在对本征求意见稿所收到的反馈意见进行复核之后确定保险合同准则的终稿。 + +本征求意见稿的提议 + + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00007.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00007.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3161c60df6127aff4f2cbe71b86f5c10ff2a6a7e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00007.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +(a)保险合同的影响在财务报表中的透明度和签发保险合同的不同主体的财务报表之间的可比性;以及 + +(b)在首次应用或持续应用时,提供这些更加复杂的信息及财务报表使用者理解这些信息所带来的成本。 + +## 本草稿是否清晰 + +国际会计准则理事会欢迎各方就其提案表述是否清晰,是否可以反映国际会计准则理事会技术决定等方面提供反馈意见。如果某项提议表述并不清晰,国际会计准则理事会邀请各方提出建议以使其表述更加清晰。 + +您是否同意本提案阐述内容清晰且反映了国际会计准则理事会的决定? + +如果不同意,请指出内容不清晰的提议,并请给出您的建议。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00008.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00008.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..799f4a7fd9e212da93e439de398c86c4533ec7a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00008.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +雇员和其他人员提供该类协助和信息并签署该类文件),其中包括商标、专利和著作权的申请。如果买方定制开发含有供应方的知识产权,在买方及其关联方行使其对买方定制开发享有的各项权利而需要的范围内,对于供应方的知识产权,供应方特此授予买方及其关联方使用、复制、修改、发行、传播、公开展示、公开表演、进口、生产、授权第三人制造、销售、许诺销售(无论直接或经由分销渠道)的许可,并且该许可是无限制的、不可撤销的、永久的、全球范围的、可以再许可的、免费的许可。对于买方或买方关联方或其客户在与买方或买方关联方或其客户的产品或服务相关的生产、使用、准备、销售、运输或其它行为中对交付物的任何使用,供应方在全球范围内均不应对买方或买方关联方或其客户主张专利权或其他任何知识产权。 + +16. 嵌入式软件,当任何交付物中含有非买方财产的且所有权未转移给买方的嵌入式软件时,供应方应授予并且供应方特此授予买方,买方的关联方,其客户和其他用户非独占的、全球范围内的、不可撤销的、永久的、免费的许可和权利以使用、装载、复制、安装、执行、演示、推介、测试、转售、再许可及传播该类作为交付物的一部分或为其服务的嵌入式软件(“买方所需授权”)。如果该类嵌入式软件或其任何部分属于第三方所有,供应方应在交付前从该第三方处取得买方所需授权。 + +17. 变更、买方有权在任何时间要求变更规格、图纸、样品或其它交付物需符合的描述、数量及运输和包装方式、或交付的时间或地点。未经买方书面同意,供应方不得(a)改变用于制造交付物的成分或组件(包括进料和原材料)、规格、生产流程、经认可的工厂或双方同意的交付方式,或(b)对交付物施加任何改变以至其无法通过买方的技术审核流程,即使交付物仍在规格范围内。 + +18. 保密信息. “保密信息”指买方向供应方提供的公众通常无法获取的或明确标有“专有”或“保密”或其它类似标识的信息。当买方将口头披露信息的保密性书面通知供应方时,该类口头披露的信息同样为保密信息。下列信息不是保密信息:(i)非因供应方过错而被公开的;(ii)供应方从有权披露的第三方处获取的;(iii)供应方在依据本协议而获取该类信息前便已独立开发或知晓的。供应方仅可在其履行供货协议项下义务的范围内使用保密信息。供应方应如保护其自己的同等重要的信息般保护保密信息,但在任何情况下都不应低于合理注意的标准。供应方应对保密信息严格保密,并且仅能对因履行供货协议而必须知晓的且负有遵守本协议下保密规定的义务的雇员披露保密信息。除经买方事先同意外,供应方不应向任何第三方披露供货协议的存在或内容,也不得在任何媒体、广告或推广材料上使用买方或买方关联方的商标、商号或名称。本条规定在订单完成或提前终止后、供货协议到期或终止后,均应继续有效。 + +19. 遵守适用法律、供应方向买方陈述、保证并承诺其对交付物的生产、交付和出售均符合一切适用法律,包括但不限于进口或出口法律(包括由美国商务部工业与安全局制定的法律)、产品内容和标识法律(包括美国《有毒物质控制法》和适用的《关于限制在电子电器设备中使用某些有害成分的指令》(RoHS)及《关于化学品注册、评估、许可和限制的规定》(REACH))、产品安全、排放和环境法律、包装规定(包括《木质包装材料管理准则》(ISPM 15)、)劳动和就业法律、反腐败、反受贿或反洗钱法律(包括美国《反海外腐败法》以及英国《反贿赂法》)、冲突矿产法律、社会责任行为规范要求和其它任何买方营业所在国适用的供应链安全指引。供应方向意遵守责任商业联盟(RBA)的行为准则,该行为准则可在以下网址查阅: http:// www.responsiblebusiness.org/standards/code-of-conduct .买方要求时,供应方应向买方提供详细的合规声明和合规证书。供应方不得向以下主体或从以下主体销售、分销、披露、发布、接收或以其它形式转移供货协议项下提供的任何物品或技术数据:(1)任何被美国国务院认定为“支持恐怖主义的国家”(“SST”)的国家;(2)任何位于SST国家的实体,或由该等实体所拥有的实体:或(3)被列于由美国财政部制定的“特别指定的国民和被封锁的人”的清单的个人或实体。 + +20. 遵守买方政策。供应方确认其已阅读并理解了买方适用于其供应商的政策及要求(“政策”),政策可见于 https:// www.jabil.com/about-us/supplier.html 。买方可不时更新、修订、修改和替换政策。供应方同意与政策及政策的任何变更(变更在上述网址上发布)保持同步。供应方同意在供货协议期间严格遵守政策(包括不时进行的更新及修订),尤其是关于交付物的条款。 + +21. 供应方义务. 供应方应当(1)遵守买方所提的合理请求,包括但不限于参加买方及其专家和顾问的会议;(2)严格遵循买方要求的任何时间表;(3)履行附属于或对其履行供货协议项下义务所必须的责任、职能及额外服务;(4)在任何时候都对买方负责并及时准备并提交买方可能不时要求的报告;(5)利用其自己的资源、设备、材料及服务以履行其供货协议项下的义务;(6)不做出任何有损于买方名誉及立场的行为(无论是通过作为或不作为)。 + +22. 独立承包人. 买方与供应方之间是独立承包人的关系。供货协议的任何内容都不应被解释为在买方与供应方、供应方的人员或分包商之间建立雇主与雇员的关系,且供货协议也不在买方与供应方之间建立任何合伙、代理或代表的关系。 + +23. 其它。非经买方书面明确同意,供应方不得部分或全部分包、转让、或转移其在供货协议项下的义务或权利。非经买方书面同意,任何试图做出的分包、转移或转让均是无效的。即使买方未要求供应方严格遵守供货协议的条款,也不构成买方对相应条款的权利放弃,权利放弃应由买方书面批准。此类针对某一条款的权利放弃不构成对其它条款的权利放弃,也不得被视为买方对同一条款其后再被违反时的权利放弃。若本协议的任何条款因任何原因被认定为无效或不可被执行的,其中的无效或不可被执行的部分应当被修订或,在必要时,在必须的最小限度内与其余的条款分割以使其余的条款有效和可被执行。供货协议因任何原因的终止均不影响被明确约定为在终止后继续有效的条款的继续执行及其约束力,也不影响为保证该类条款的效力及/或其目的而存在的继续执行。 + +24. 争议解决。订单及供货协议及其解释应适用中华人民共和国法律。任何源自订单或供货协议或与其有关的争议均应提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会根据其现行有效的规则和程序解决,仲裁地点为上海。仲裁裁决是终局的且对双方具有约束力。联合国国际货物销售合同公约和其它任何要求适用其它地区法律的条款均不适用。除非双方另有约定,仲裁语言为中文。除非仲裁庭要求,任何一方都无需就以英文提交的文件或证据提供中文翻译。 + +25. 语言. 本一般性条款由中文及英文书就。本一般性条款的中文和英文不一致时,应以中文为准。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00009.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00009.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0db91452f81dd5b606f2e218a039861cb4de0f8b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00009.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +## 国际法院规约 + +## 第一条 + +联合国宪章所设之国际法院为联合国主要司法机关,其组织及职务之行使应依本规约之下列规定。 + +## 第一章 + +## 法院之组织 + +## 第二条 + +法院以独立法官若干人组织之。此项法官应不论国籍,就品格高尚并在各本国具有最高司法职位之任命资格或公认为国际法之法学家中选举之。 + +## 第三条 + +一、法院以法官十五人组织之,其中不得有二人为同一国家之国民。 + +二、就充任法院法官而言,一人而可视力一个国家以上之国民者,应认为属于其通常行使公民及政治权利之国家或会员国之国民。 + +## 第四条 + +一、法院法官应由大会及安全理事会依下列规定就常设公断法院各国团体所提出之名单内选举之。 + +二、在常设公断法院并无代表之联合国会员国,其候选人名单应由各该国政府专为此事而委派之团体提出;此项各国团体之委派,准用一九〇七年海牙和平解决国际纷争条约第四十四条规定委派常设公断法院公断员之条件。 + +三、凡非联合国会员国而已接受法院规约之国家,其参加选举法院法官时,参加条件,如无特别协定应由大会经安全理事会之提议规定之。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00010.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00010.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2e05111c72b3ced86ee61da86dd3119faf8b40e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00010.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +一、法院之管辖包括各当事国提交之一切案件,及联合国宪章或现行条约及协约中所特定之一切事件。 + +二、本规约各当事国得随时声明关于具有下列性质之一切法律争端,对于接受同样义务之任何其他国家,承认法院之管辖为当然而具有强制性,不须另订特别协定: + +(子)条约之解释。 + +(丑)国际法之任何问题。 + +(寅)任何事实之存在,如经确定即属违反国际义务者。 + +(卯)因违反国际义务而应予赔偿之性质及其范围。 + +三、上述声明,得无条件为之,或以数个或特定之国家间彼此拘束为条件,或以一定之期间为条件。 + +四、此项声明应交存联合国秘书长并由其将副本分送本规约各当事国及法院书记官长。 + +五、曾依常设国际法院规约第三十六条所为之声明而现仍有效者,就本规约当事国间而言,在该项声明期间尚未届满前并依其条款,应认为对于国际法院强制管辖之接受。 + +六、关于法院有无管辖权之争端,由法院裁决之。 + +## 第三十七条 + +现行条约或协约或规定某项事件应提交国际联合会所设之任何裁判机关或常设国际法院者,在本规约当事国间,该项事件应提交国际法院。 + +## 第三十八条 + +一、法院对于陈诉各项争端,应依国际法裁判之,裁判时应适用: + +(子)不论普通或特别国际协约,确立诉讼当事国明白承认之规条者。 + +(丑)国际习惯,作为通例之证明而经接受为法律者。 + +(寅)一般法律原则为文明各国所承认者。 + +(卯)在第五十九条规定之下,司法判例及各国权威最高之公法学家学说,作为确定法律原则之补助资料者。 + +二、前项规定不妨碍法院经当事国同意本“公允及善良”原则裁判案件之权。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00011.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00011.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8038882df3b32c47c3484a1455d9da480021f715 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00011.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +(d) 按照其各自的联系文书的规定,对本公约所规定的事项具有权限,其中包括就该事项缔结条约的权限的一切自治联系国: + +(e)凡享有经联合国所承认的充分内部自治,但尚未按照大会第1514(XV)号决议取得完全独立的一切领土,这种领土须对本公约所规定的事项具有权限,其中包括就该等事项缔结条约的权限; + +(f) 国际组织,按照附件九。 + +第三〇六条 + +批准和正式确认 + +本公约须经各国和第三〇五条第1款(b)、(c)、(d)和(e)项所指的其他实体批准,并经该条第1款(f)项所指的实体按照附件九予以正式确认。批准书和正式确认书应交存于联合国秘书长。 + +## 第三〇七条 + +加入 + +本公约应持续开放给各国和第三〇五条所指的其他实体加入。第三〇五条第1款(f)项所指的实体应按照附件九加入。加入书应交存于联合国秘书长。$^{8}$ + +## 1. “所有国家方案” + +条约可开放供“所有国家”或“任何国家”参加。寻求普遍加入的多边条约经常使用“所有国家方案”(见有关裁军、人权、刑事事项和环境的那些条约)。 + +《1997年关于禁止使用、储存、生产和转让杀伤人员地雷及销毁此种地雷的公约》第15条规定: + +本公约于1997年9月18日在挪威奥斯陆签订,应于1997年12月3日至1997年12月4日在加拿大渥太华,并自1997年12月5日起在纽约联合国总部 + +$^{8}$类似的措辞也见《1963年维也纳领事关系公约》(第73至第76条)。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00012.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00012.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..06f274839f33b512106a06438795d244d092e8ba --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00012.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +## 目录 + +页次 + +前言.....vi +解释性说明.....viii +导言.....1 +一、条约的缔结.....3 +A. 条约文本的通过和认证.....3 +B. 保存人.....3 +1. 保存人的指定.....4 +2. 保存人职能的转让.....5 +3. 共同保存人.....5 +4. 指定联合国秘书长为保存人.....6 +5. 保存人的职能.....7 +6. 联合国秘书长作为保存人的职能的限制.....9 +C. 参加多边条约.....10 +1. “所有国家方案”.....11 +2. “维也纳方案”.....14 +3. 南斯拉夫联邦共和国(自2003年7月4日起为“塞尔维亚和黑山”).....15 +4. 国际组织.....18 +5. 区域经济一体化组织.....19 +6. 对国际组织参加条约能力的限制.....21 +7. 国际组织的专属权限.....22 +8. 非国家或国际组织实体的参加.....23 +9. 区域安排.....25 +D. 开放供签署.....25 +E. 简单签署.....27 +F. 以签署、批准、接受、核可或加入表示的接受条约约束的同意.....29 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00013.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00013.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4e9ec25f0453f3afa64fb1ddd1d6763d259e3cb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00013.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +## Presidential Documents + +## Executive Order 14038 of August 9, 2021 + +## Blocking Property of Additional Persons Contributing to the Situation in Belarus + +By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (IEEPA), the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) (NEA), section 212(f) of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (8 U.S.C. 1182(f)), and section 301 of title 3, United States Code. + +I, JOSEPH R. BIDEN JR., President of the United States of America, hereby expand the scope of the national emergency declared in Executive Order 13405 of June 16, 2006 (Blocking Property of Certain Persons Undermining Democratic Processes or Institutions in Belarus), finding that the Belarusian regime's harmful activities and long-standing abuses aimed at suppressing democracy and the exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms in Belarus—including illicit and oppressive activities stemming from the August 9, 2020, fraudulent Belarusian presidential election and its aftermath, such as the elimination of political opposition and civil society organizations and the regime's disruption and endangering of international civil air travel—constitute an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States. + +Accordingly, I hereby order: + +Section 1. (a) All property and interests in property that are in the United States, that hereafter come within the United States, or that are or hereafter come within the possession or control of any United States person, of the following persons are blocked and may not be transferred, paid, exported, withdrawn, or otherwise dealt in: any person determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State: + +(i) to be or have been a leader, official, senior executive officer, or member of the board of directors of: + +(A) an entity that has, or whose members have, engaged in any of the activities described in subsections (v)(A)–(E) of this section or section 1(a)(ii)(A)–(C) of Executive Order 13405; or + +(B) an entity whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant to this order or Executive Order 13405; + +(ii) to be a political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality of the Government of Belarus; + +(iii) to be or have been a leader or official of the Government of Belarus; +(iv) to operate or have operated in the defense and related materiel sector, security sector, energy sector, potassium chloride (potash) sector, tobacco products sector, construction sector, or transportation sector of the economy of Belarus, or any other sector of the Belarus economy as may be determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State; + +(v) to be responsible for or complicit in, or to have directly or indirectly engaged or attempted to engage in, any of the following: + +(A) actions or policies that threaten the peace, security, stability, or territorial integrity of Belarus; + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00014.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00014.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ee3689f1bdb85d642554f48afb9867b494ce1e1e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00014.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person. + + + +THE WHITE HOUSE. + +August 9, 2021. + +[FR Doc. 2021-17253] + +Filed 8–10–21; 8:45 am + +Billing code 3295-F1-P + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00015.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00015.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6a33526806c48c3e75b0bf28e20bb5bf9b0c4a78 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00015.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ + + +(iv) facilitate resolution of differences among agencies on space-related policy and strategy matters; + +(v) enable interagency cooperation, coordination, and information exchange on space activities; and + +(vi) perform such other duties as the President may, from time to time, prescribe. + +(b) The operation of the Council shall not interfere with the existing ines of authority in or responsibilities of any agency. + +(c) The Council shall have a staff, headed by a civilian Executive Secretary appointed by the President. + +(d) The Council shall meet at least annually. + +(e) The Council shall consider and provide recommendations to the President on any space-related issue as determined by the Chair. + +Sec. 4. Responsibilities of the Chair. (a) The Chair shall serve as the President's principal advisor on national space policy and strategy. + +(b) The Chair shall establish procedures and set the agenda for Council sessions to address Presidential priorities. + +(c) The Chair may recommend to the President candidates for the position of Executive Secretary. + +(d) The Chair may invite the heads of other agencies, other senior officials in the Executive Office of the President, and other Federal employees to participate in Council meetings. + +(e) The Chair or, upon the Chair's direction, the Executive Secretary, may develop budget recommendations for submission to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget that reflect the President's space policy and strategy, as well as provide advice concerning budget submissions by agencies related to the President's space policies and strategies. + +Sec. 5. National Space Policy Planning Process. (a) The Council shall establish a process for developing and coordinating the implementation of national space policy and strategy. + +(b) The head of each agency that conducts space-related activities shall, to the extent permitted by law, conform such activities to the President's national space policy and strategy. + +(c) On space matters relating primarily to national security, the Council shall coordinate with the National Security Council (NSC) to develop space policy and strategy consistent with NSC priorities and practices. + +Sec. 6. Users' Advisory Group. (a) The Council shall convene a Users' Advisory Group (Group) pursuant to section 121 of Public Law 101-611, composed of non-Federal representatives of industries and other persons involved in aeronautical and space activities. + +(b) Members of the Group shall serve without compensation for their work for the Group. Members of the Group, while engaged in the work of the Group, may be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, to the extent permitted by law for persons serving intermittently in Government service (5 U.S.C. 5701–5707), consistent with the availability of funds. + +(c) The Group shall report directly to the Council and shall provide advice or work product solely to the Council. + +(d) The Group shall provide advice and recommendations to the Council on matters related to space policy and strategy, including Government policies, laws, regulations, treaties, international instruments, programs, and practices across the civil, commercial, and national security space sectors. + +Sec. 7. Administrative Provisions. (a) To aid in the performance of the functions of the Council: + +(i) the Office of Administration in the Executive Office of the President shall provide administrative support to the Council, to the extent permitted by law and within existing appropriations; and + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00016.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00016.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cb47e865d8544ff6b2bb4e3b262689c931289a31 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00016.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 923; Pub. L. 101–508, title XIII, §13213(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–621; Pub. L. 116–1, §2, Jan. 16, 2019, 133 Stat. 3; Pub. L. 116–5, §103, Jan. 25, 2019, 133 Stat. 11.) + +## Historical and Revision Notes + + + +
Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)
1341(a)31:665(a), (d)(2)(last sentence related to spending and obligations).R.S. §3679(a), (d)(2)(last sentence related to spending and obligations); Mar. 3, 1905, ch. 1484, §4(1st par.), 33 Stat. 1257; Feb. 27, 1906, ch. 510, §3, 34 Stat. 48; restated Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, §1211, 64 Stat. 765.
1341(b)31:669(words after semicolon).Aug. 23, 1912, ch. 350, §6(words after semicolon), 37 Stat. 414.
+ +In subsection (b), the words "another amount available for obligation" are substituted for "any other fund" for consistency in the revised title. + +## Editorial Notes + +## REFERENCES IN TEXT + +Section 252 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, referred to in subsec.(a)(1)(C), (D), is classified to section 902 of Title 2, The Congress. + +## Amendments + +2019—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 116–1, §2(1), in introductory provisions, substituted "Except as specified in this subchapter or any other provision of law, an officer" for "An officer". + +Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–1, §2(2), added subsec. (c). + +Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 116–5 inserted ", and subject to the enactment of appropriations Acts ending the lapse" before period at end. + +1990—Subsec. (a)(1)(C), (D). Pub. L. 101-508 added subpars. (C) and (D). + +## §1342. Limitation on voluntary services + +An officer or employee of the United States Government or of the District of Columbia government may not accept voluntary services for either government or employ personal services exceeding that authorized by law except for emergencies involving the safety of human life or the protection of property. This section does not apply to a corporation getting amounts to make loans (except paid in capital amounts) without legal liability of the United States Government. As used in this section, the term "emergencies involving the safety of human life or the protection of property" does not include ongoing, regular functions of government the suspension of which would not imminently threaten the safety of human life or the protection of property. + +(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 923; Pub. L. 101–508, title XIII, §13213(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–621; Pub. L. 104–92, title III, §310(a), Jan. 6, 1996, 110 Stat. 20.) + +Historical and Revision Notes + + + +
Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)
134231:665(b).31:665(d)(2)(last sentence related to voluntary services).R.S. §3679(b), (d)(2) (last sentence related to voluntary services); Mar. 3, 1905, ch. 1484, §4(1st par.), 33 Stat. 1257; Feb. 27, 1906, ch. 510, §3, 34 Stat. 48; restated Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, §1211, 64 Stat. 765.
+ +The words "District of Columbia government" are added because of section 47–105 of the D.C. Code. + +Editorial Notes + +Amendments + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00017.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00017.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3e65e355b7601d6f6b7f125a59357e6246abe5c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00017.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +
restated Sept. 26, 1970, Pub. L. 91-423,
84 Stat. 879.
1343(d)31:638a(b).
1343(e)31:638a–1.July 25, 1975, Pub. L. 94–59, §1108, 89 Stat.
300.
31:638d.Mar. 4, 1915, ch. 142, §10, 38 Stat. 1054.
31:638e.Aug. 11, 1916, ch. 313(last proviso on p.
491), 39 Stat. 491.
+ +In subsection (a), the word "agency" is substituted for "department of the Government" because of section 101 of the revised title and for consistency with the other source provisions restated in the section. + +In subsection (b), before clause (1), the words "buy or lease" are substituted for "purchase or hire" for consistency. In clause (1)(C), the words "section 101 of title 5" are used because of section 7(b) of the Act of September 6, 1966 (Pub. L. 89–554, 80 Stat. 631). + +In subsection (c)(1), before clause (A), the word "agency" is substituted for "department" for consistency. The words "total cost" are substituted for "cost" because of the restatement. The words "(except costs required only for transportation)" are substituted for "which shall be in addition to the amount required for transportation" for clarity. Clause (A) is substituted for "completely equipped for operation" and 31:638a(c)(1)(2d sentence) to eliminate unnecessary words. + +In subsection (c)(2), the words "Notwithstanding any other provisions of law" are omitted as surplus. + +In subsection (d), the words "armed forces" are substituted for "Military and Naval Establishments" for consistency. + +In subsection (e)(2), the words "motor boats, trucks" in 31:638d are omitted as being included in "vehicles". The words "adopted by Congress" are omitted as surplus. + +In subsection (e)(3), the words "horse-drawn" in 31:638e are omitted because the section applies only to motor vehicles and aircraft described in 31:638a and also is obsolete. The words "motor boats" are omitted as being included in "vehicles". + +## STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES + +## MOTOR VEHICLES PURCHASED FOR INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES; EXCEPTION FROM MONETARY LIMITATIONS + +Pub. L. 103–139, title VIII, §8105, Nov. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 1464, provided that: "During the current fiscal year and thereafter, monetary limitations on the purchase price of a passenger motor vehicle shall not apply to vehicles purchased for intelligence activities conducted pursuant to Executive Order 12333 [50 U.S.C. 3001 note] or successor orders." + +Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts: + +Pub. L. 102–396, title IX, §9038, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1910. + +Pub. L. 102–172, title VIII, §8038, Nov. 26, 1991, 105 Stat. 1180. + +Pub. L. 101–511, title VIII, §8039, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1883. + +Pub. L. 101–165, title IX, §9049, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1139. + +Pub. L. 100–463, title VIII, §8086, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2270–32 + +Pub. L. 100–202, §101(b) [title VIII, §8119], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–43, 1329-84. + +## MAXIMUM PURCHASE PRICE OF MOTOR VEHICLES; EXCEPTIONS + +Pub. L. 118–47, div. B, title VII, §702, Mar. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 573, provided that: "Unless otherwise specifically provided, the maximum amount allowable during the current fiscal year in accordance with section 1343(c) of title 31, United States Code, for the purchase of any passenger motor vehicle (exclusive of buses, ambulances, vans, law enforcement vehicles, protective vehicles, undercover surveillance vehicles, and police-type vehicles), is hereby fixed at $40,000 except station wagons for which the maximum shall be $41,140: Provided, That these limits may be exceeded by not to exceed $7,775 for police-type vehicles: Provided further, That the limits set forth in this section may not be exceeded by more than 5 percent for electric or hybrid vehicles purchased for demonstration under the provisions of the Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1976 [15 U.S.C. 2501 et seq.]: Provided further, That the limits set forth in this section may be exceeded by the incremental cost of clean alternative fuels vehicles acquired pursuant to Public Law 101–549 [see Tables for classification] over the cost of comparable conventionally fueled vehicles: Provided further, That the limits set forth in this section shall not apply to any vehicle that is a commercial item and which operates on alternative fuel, including but not limited to electric, plug-in hybrid electric, and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles." + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00018.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00018.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..54e951d546ca683901046c18b56e4df9428af42a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00018.md @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts: + +Pub. L. 117–328, div. E, title VII, §702, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 4704. + +Pub. L. 117–103, div. E, title VII, §702, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 293. + +Pub. L. 116–260, div. E, title VII, §702, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1430. + +Pub. L. 116-93, div. C, title VII, §702, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2484. + +Pub. L. 116–6, div. D, title VII, §702, Feb. 15, 2019, 133 Stat. 187. + +Pub. L. 115–141, div. E, title VII, §702, Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 588. + +Pub. L. 115–31, div. E, title VII, §702, May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 377. + +Pub. L. 114–113, div. E, title VII, §702, Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2473. + +Pub. L. 113–235, div. E, title VII, §702, Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2379. + +Pub. L. 113–76, div. E, title VII, §702, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 230. + +Pub. L. 112–74, div. C, title VII, §702, Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 928. + +Pub. L. 111–117, div. C, title VII, §702, Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3205. + +Pub. L. 111–8, div. D, title VII, §702, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 680. + +Pub. L. 110–161, div. D, title VII, §703, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2019. + +Pub. L. 109–115, div. A, title VIII, §803, Nov. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2495. + +Pub. L. 108-447, div. H, title VI, §603, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3272. + +Pub. L. 108–199, div. F, title VI, §603, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 350. + +Pub. L. 108–7, div. J, title VI, §603, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 463. + +Pub. L. 107–67, title VI, §603, Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 545. + +Pub. L. 106-554, §1(a)(3) [title VI, §603], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A-155. + +Pub. L. 106–58, title VI, §603, Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 466. + +Pub. L. 105-277, div. A, §101(h) [title VI, §604], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-480, 2681-513. + +Pub. L. 105–61, title VI, §604, Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1308. + +Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §604], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–353. + +Pub. L. 104–52, title VI, §604, Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 497. + +Pub. L. 103–329, title VI, §604, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2416. + +Pub. L. 103–123, title VI, §604, Oct. 28, 1993, 107 Stat. 1259. + +Pub. L. 102–393, title VI, §605, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1766. + +Pub. L. 102–141, title VI, §605, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 868. + +Pub. L. 101–509, title VI, §601, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1470. + +Pub. L. 101–136, title VI, §601, Nov. 3, 1989, 103 Stat. 816. + +Pub. L. 100–440, title VI, §601, Sept. 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 1751. + +Pub. L. 100–202, §101(m) [title VI, §601], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–390, 1329–419. + +Pub. L. 99–500, §101(m) [title VI, §601], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–308, 1783–328, and Pub. L. 99–591, + +§101(m) [title VI, §601], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–308, 3341–328. + +Pub. L. 99–190, §101(h) [H.R. 3036, title VI, §601], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1291. + +Pub. L. 98–473, title I, §101(j) [H.R. 5798, title VI, §602], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1963. + +Pub. L. 98–151, §101(f) [H.R. 4139, title VI, §602], Nov. 14, 1983, 97 Stat. 973. + +Pub. L. 97–377, title I, §101(a) [H.R. 7158, title VI, §602], Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1830. + +Pub. L. 97–92, §101(a) [H.R. 4121, title VI, §602], Dec. 15, 1981, 95 Stat. 1183. + +Pub. L. 96–536, §113, Dec. 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 3171. + +Pub. L. 96–74, title VI, §601, Sept. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 573. + +Pub. L. 95–429, title VI, §601, Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1015. + +Pub. L. 95-81, title VI, §601, July 31, 1977, 91 Stat. 354. + +Pub. L. 94–363, title VI, §601, July 14, 1976, 90 Stat. 977. + +Pub. L. 94–91, title VI, §601, Aug. 9, 1975, 89 Stat. 458. + +Pub. L. 93–381, title VI, §601, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 630. + +Pub. L. 93–143, title VI, §601, Oct. 30, 1973, 87 Stat. 524. + +Pub. L. 92–351, title VI, §601, July 13, 1972, 86 Stat. 487. + +Pub. L. 92–49, title VI, §601, July 9, 1971, 85 Stat. 122. + +Pub. L. 91–439, title V, §501, Oct. 7, 1970, 84 Stat. 902. + +Pub. L. 91–144, title V, §501, Dec. 11, 1969, 83 Stat. 336. + +Pub. L. 90-479, title V, §501, Aug. 12, 1968, 82 Stat. 717. + +Pub. L. 90–147, title V, §501, Nov. 20, 1967, 81 Stat. 482. + +Pub. L. 89–689, title V, §501, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 1014. + +Pub. L. 89–299, title V, §501, Oct. 28, 1965, 79 Stat. 1108. + +Pub. L. 88–511, title V, §501, Aug. 30, 1964, 78 Stat. 693. + +Pub. L. 88–257, title V, §501, Dec. 31, 1963, 77 Stat. 855. + +Pub. L. 87-880, title V, §501, Oct. 24, 1962, 76 Stat. 1227. + +Pub. L. 87–125, title V, §501, Aug. 3, 1961, 75 Stat. 282. + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00019.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00019.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..66b233f412fb56c1fb4e989ffcf598ac14d69e98 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00019.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +*Public Law 99-177 +99th Congress + +## Joint Resolution + +Increasing the statutory limit on the public debt. + +Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That subsection (b) of section 3101 of title 31, United States Code, is amended by striking out the dollar limitation contained in such subsection and inserting in lieu thereof "$1,847,800,000,000, or $2,078,700,000,000 on and after October 1, 1985,". + +SEC. 2. MINIMUM CORPORATE TAX BY CORPORATIONS. + +(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of this joint resolution, the Senate Committee on Finance is directed to report to the Senate by July 1, 1986, legislation providing for payment of an alternative minimum corporate tax by corporations on the broadest feasible definition of income to assure that all of those with economic income pay their fair share of taxes: Provided, That said alternative minimum corporate tax shall take effect for corporate tax years commencing on or after October 1, 1986. The revenue raised by this tax shall be applied to reduce the Federal deficit. + +(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this joint resolution, the Committee on Ways and Means is directed to report to the House of Representatives legislation providing for payment of an alternative minimum corporate tax by corporations based upon the broadest feasible definition of income to assure that all of those with economic income pay their fair share of taxes: Provided, That, the Committee on Ways and Means shall report such legislation prior to October 1, 1986. + + +SEC. 2. ACHILLE LAURO HIJACKING. + +(a) The Senate finds that— + +(1) the four men identified as the hijackers of the Achille Lauro were responsible for brutally murdering an innocent American citizen, Leon Klinghoffer, and for terrorizing hundreds of innocent crew members and passengers for two days; + +(2) the United States urges all countries to aid in the swift apprehension, prosecution, and punishment of the terrorists; and + +(3) the United States should not tolerate any country providing safe harbor or safe passage to the terrorists. + +(b) It is the sense of the Senate that— + +(1) the United States demands that no country provide safe harbor or safe passage to these terrorists; + +(2) the United States expects full cooperation of all countries in the apprehension, prosecution, and punishment of these terrorists; + +(3) the United States cannot condone the release of terrorists or the making of concessions to terrorists; and + +(4) the United States identify those individuals responsible for the seizure of the Achille Lauro and the cold-blooded murder of + +*Note: The printed text of Public Law 99-177 is a reprint of the hand enrollment, signed by the President on December 12, 1985. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00020.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00020.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ba2b27dd9c4ef82ac020a5f7bd763c68dd51a543 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00020.md @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ + +"(i) the budget of the United States Government submitted by the President pursuant to section 1105 of title 31, United States Code, or + +"(ii) the budget adopted by the Congress pursuant to title III of this Act. + + +“(9) The term ‘entitlement authority’ means spending authority described by section 401(c)(2)(C). + +“(10) The term ‘credit authority’ means authority to incur direct loan obligations or to incur primary loan guarantee commitments.”. + + +(2) Paragraph (2) of section 3 of the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 is amended by inserting before the comma the following: “or to collect offsetting receipts”. + +(b) CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET PROCESS.—Title III of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 is amended to read as follows: + +## "TITLE III—CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET PROCESS + +"TIMETABLE + +Sec. 300. The timetable with respect to the congressional budget process for any fiscal year is as follows: + +"On or before": +First Monday after January 3 +February 15 + +Action to be completed: +President submits his budget. +Congressional Budget Office submits report to Budget Committees. + +February 25 + +Committees submit views and estimates to Budget Committees. + +April 1 + +Senate Budget Committee reports concurrent resolution on the budget. + +April 15 + +Congress completes action on concurrent resolution on the budget. + +May 15 + +Annual appropriation bills may be considered in the House. + +June 10 + +House Appropriations Committee reports last annual appropriation bill. + +June 15 + +Congress completes action on reconciliation legislation. + +June 30 + +House completes action on annual appropriation bills. + +October 1 + +Fiscal year begins. + +ANNUAL ADOPTION OF CONCURRENT RESOLUTION ON THE BUDGET + +"SEC. 301. (a) CONTENT OF CONCURRENT RESOLUTION ON THE BUDGET.—On or before April 15 of each year, the Congress shall complete action on a concurrent resolution on the budget for the fiscal year beginning on October 1 of such year. The concurrent resolution shall set forth appropriate levels for the fiscal year beginning on October 1 of such year, and planning levels for each of the two ensuing fiscal years, for the following:— + +"(1) totals of new budget authority, budget outlays, direct loan obligations, and primary loan guarantee commitments; + +"(2) total Federal revenues and the amount, if any, by which the aggregate level of Federal revenues should be increased or decreased by bills and resolutions to be reported by the appropriate committees; \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00021.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00021.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a93e07db0c8ebce886dbf958d6b4fbf6ebfd4778 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00021.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +## PUBLIC LAW 99-177—DEC. 12, 1985 + +"(2) After the Congress has expressed its opinion pursuant to paragraph (1) as to the year in which the goals for reducing unemployment set forth in section 4(b) of the Employment Act of 1946 can be achieved, if, pursuant to section 4(e) of such Act, the President recommends in the Economic Report that such goals be achieved in a year which is different from the year in which the Congress has expressed its opinion that such goals should be achieved, either in its action pursuant to paragraph (1) or in its most recent action pursuant to this paragraph, the concurrent resolution on the budget for the fiscal year beginning after the date on which such Economic Report is received by the Congress may set forth the year in which, in the opinion of the Congress, such goals can be achieved. + +“(3) It shall be in order to amend the provision of such resolution setting forth such year only if the amendment thereto proposes to alter the estimates, amounts, and levels (as described in subsection (a)) set forth in such resolution in germane fashion in order to be consistent with the economic goals (as described in sections 3(a)(2) and 4(b) of the Employment Act of 1946) which such amendment proposes can be achieved by the year specified in such amendment.” + +"(g) Common Economic Assumptions.—The joint explanatory statement accompanying a conference report on a concurrent resolution on the budget shall set forth the common economic assumptions upon which such joint statement and conference report are based, or upon which any amendment contained in the joint explanatory statement to be proposed by the conferees in the case of technical disagreement is based. + +“(h) BUDGET COMMITTEES CONSULTATION WITH COMMITTEES.—The Committee on the Budget of the House of Representatives shall consult with the committees of its House having legislative jurisdiction during the preparation, consideration, and enforcement of the concurrent resolution on the budget with respect to all matters which relate to the jurisdiction or functions of such committees.” +“(i) MAXIMUM DEFICIT AMOUNT MAY NOT BE EXCEIVED.— + +"(1)(A) Except as provided in paragraph (2), it shall not be in order in either the House of Representatives or the Senate to consider any concurrent resolution on the budget for a fiscal year under this section, or to consider any amendment to such a concurrent resolution, or to consider a conference report on such a concurrent resolution, if the level of total budget outlays for such fiscal year that is set forth in such concurrent resolution or conference report exceeds the recommended level of Federal revenues set forth for that year by an amount that is greater than the maximum deficit amount for such fiscal year as determined under section 3(7), or if the adoption of such amendment would result in a level of total budget outlays for that fiscal year which exceeds the recommended level of Federal revenues for that fiscal year, by an amount that is greater than the maximum deficit amount for such fiscal year as determined under section 3(7). + +"(B) In the House of Representatives the point of order established under subparagraph (A) with respect to the consideration of a conference report or with respect to the consideration of a motion to concur, with or without an amendment or amendments, in a Senate amendment, the stage of disagreement having been reached, may be waived only by a vote of three-" + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00022.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00022.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..33ff0e8a3b9e48e08b2be993331bbc035c95a6ba --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00022.md @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +## Public Law 112–25 + +## 112th Congress + +## An Act + +To provide for budget control. + + +Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, + +SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. + +(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the “Budget Control Act of 2011”. + +(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for this Act is as follows: + +Sec. 1. Short title: table of contents. + +Sec. 2. Severability. + +TITLE I—TEN-YEAR DISCRETIONARY CAPS WITH SEQUESTER + +Sec. 101. Enforcing discretionary spending limits. + +Sec. 102. Definitions. + +Sec. 103. Reports and orders. + +Sec. 104. Expiration. + +Sec. 105. Amendments to the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974. + +Sec. 106. Senate budget enforcement. + +TITLE II—VOTE ON THE BALANCED BUDGET AMENDMENT + +Sec. 201. Vote on the balanced budget amendment. + +Sec. 202. Consideration by the other House. + +TLE III—DEBT CEILING DISAPPROVAL PROCESS + +Sec. 301. Debt ceiling disapproval process. + +Sec. 302. Enforcement of budget goal. + +TITLE IV—JOINT SELECT COMMITTEE ON DEFICIT REDUCTION + +Sec. 401. Establishment of Joint Select Committee. + +Sec. 402. Expedited consideration of joint committee recommendations. + +Sec. 403. Funding. + +Sec. 404. Rulemaking. + +TITLE V—PELL GRANT AND STUDENT LOAN PROGRAM CHANGES + +Sec. 501. Federal Pell grants. + +Sec. 502. Termination of authority to make interest subsidized loans to graduate and professional students. + +Sec. 503. Termination of direct loan repayment incentives. + +Sec. 504. Inapplicability of title IV negotiated rulemaking and master calendar exception. + +## SEC. 2. SEVERABILITY. + +If any provision of this Act, or any application of such provision to any person or circumstance, is held to be unconstitutional, the remainder of this Act and the application of this Act to any other person or circumstance shall not be affected. + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00023.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00023.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ef878facc64f1498acc46057c64cc9def207d49 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00023.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +## PUBLIC LAW 112–25—AUG. 2, 2011 + +## TITLE I—TEN-YEAR DISCRETIONARY CAPS WITH SEQUESTER + +SEC. 101. ENFORCING DISCRETIONARY SPENDING LIMITS. + +Section 251 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 is amended to read as follows: + +SEC. 251. ENFORCING DISCRETIONARY SPENDING LIMITS. + +“(a) ENFORCEMENT.— + +“(1) SEQUESTRATION.—Within 15 calendar days after Congress adjourns to end a session there shall be a sequestration to eliminate a budget-year breach, if any, within any category. + +"(2) ELIMINATING A BREACH.—Each non-exempt account within a category shall be reduced by a dollar amount calculated by multiplying the enacted level of sequestrable budgetary resources in that account at that time by the uniform percentage necessary to eliminate a breach within that category." + +“(3) MILITARY PERSONNEL.—If the President uses the authority to exempt any personnel account from sequestration under section 255(f), each account within subfunctional category 051 (other than those military personnel accounts for which the authority provided under section 255(f) has been exercised) shall be further reduced by a dollar amount calculated by multiplying the enacted level of non-exempt budgetary resources in that account at that time by the uniform percentage necessary to offset the total dollar amount by which outlays are not reduced in military personnel accounts by reason of the use of such authority. + +“(4) PART-YEAR APPROPRIATIONS.—If, on the date specified in paragraph (1), there is in effect an Act making or continuing appropriations for part of a fiscal year for any budget account, then the dollar sequestration calculated for that account under paragraphs (2) and (3) shall be subtracted from— + +“(A) the annualized amount otherwise available by law in that account under that or a subsequent part-year appropriation; and + +“(B) when a full-year appropriation for that account is enacted, from the amount otherwise provided by the full-year appropriation for that account. + +"(5) LOOK-BACK.—If, after June 30, an appropriation for the fiscal year in progress is enacted that causes a breach within a category for that year (after taking into account any sequestration of amounts within that category), the discretionary spending limits for that category for the next fiscal year shall be reduced by the amount or amounts of that breach." + +“(6) WITHIN-SESSION SEQUESTRATION.—If an appropriation for a fiscal year in progress is enacted (after Congress adjourns to end the session for that budget year and before July 1 of that fiscal year) that causes a breach within a category for that year (after taking into account any prior sequestration of amounts within that category), 15 days later there shall be a sequestration to eliminate that breach within that category following the procedures set forth in paragraphs (2) through (4). + +(7) Estimates.— + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00024.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00024.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..029b25d8410b31acfae61892bf50e57df18520ae --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00024.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +## U.S. GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL EDITION NOTICE + +## Legal Status and Use of Seals and Logos + + + +The seal of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) authenticates the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) as the official codification of Federal regulations established under the Federal Register Act. Under the provisions of 44 U.S.C. 1507, the contents of the CFR, a special edition of the Federal Register, shall be judicially noticed. The CFR is prima facie evidence of the original documents published in the Federal Register (44 U.S.C. 1510). + +It is prohibited to use NARA's official seal and the stylized Code of Federal Regulations logo on any republication of this material without the express, written permission of the Archivist of the United States or the Archivist's designee. Any person using NARA's official seals and logos in a manner inconsistent with the provisions of 36 CFR part 1200 is subject to the penalties specified in 18 U.S.C. 506, 701, and 1017. + +## Use of ISBN Prefix + +This is the Official U.S. Government edition of this publication and is herein identified to certify its authenticity. Use of the 0-16 ISBN prefix is for U.S. Government Publishing Office Official Editions only. The Superintendent of Documents of the U.S. Government Publishing Office requests that any reprinted edition clearly be labeled as a copy of the authentic work with a new ISBN. + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00025.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00025.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f2a82711310280a1fea6e43e20da50712b5dfc61 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00025.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +§1.4 + +## Office of the Secretary of the Treasury + +shall, in conformance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a)(1), separately state, publish and maintain current in the FEDERAL REGISTER for the guidance of the public the following information with respect to that bureau: + +(1) Descriptions of its central and field organization and the established places at which, the persons from whom, and the methods whereby, the public may obtain information, make submittals or requests, or obtain decisions; + +(2) Statements of the general course and method by which its functions are channeled and determined, including the nature and requirements of all formal and informal procedures available: + +(3) Rules of procedure, descriptions of forms available or the places at which forms may be obtained. and instructions as to the scope and contents of all papers, reports, or examinations; + +(4) Substantive rules of general applicability adopted as authorized by law, and statements of general policy or interpretations of general applicability formulated and adopted by the bureau; and + +(5) Each amendment, revision, or repeal of matters referred to in paragraphs (a)(1) through (4) of this section. +(b) The United States Government Manual. The functions of each bureau are summarized in the description of the Department and its bureaus in the United States Government Manual, which is issued annually by the Office of the Federal Register. + +## §1.4 Public inspection and copying. + +(a) In general. Subject to the application of the exemptions and exclusions described in 5 U.S.C. 552(b) and (c), each Treasury bureau shall, in conformance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a)(2), make available for public inspection and copying, or, in the alternative, promptly publish and offer for sale the following information with respect to the bureau: + +(1) Final opinions, including concurring and dissenting opinions, and orders, made in the adjudication of cases; +(2) Those statements of policy and interpretations which have been adopted by the bureau but are not published in the FEDERAL REGISTER; + +(3) Its administrative staff manuals and instructions to staff that affect a member of the public; + +(4) Copies of all records, regardless of form or format, which have been released to any person under 5 U.S.C. 552(a)(3), and which the bureau determines have become or are likely to become the subject of subsequent requests for substantially the same records because they are clearly of interest to the public at large. The determination that records have become or may become the subject of subsequent requests shall be made by the Responsible Official (as defined at § 1.1(b)(12)). + +(5) A general index of the records referred to in paragraph (a)(4) of this section. + +(b) Information made available by computer telecommunications. For records required to be made available for public inspection and copying pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 552(a)(2) (paragraphs (a)(1) through (4) of this section) which are created on or after November 1, 1996, as soon as practicable but no later than one year after such records are created, each bureau shall make such records available on the Internet. + +(c) Deletion of identifying details. To prevent a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy, or pursuant to an exemption in 5 U.S.C. 552(b), a Treasury bureau may delete information contained in any matter described in paragraphs (a)(1) through (4) of this section before making such matters available for inspection or publishing it. The justification for the deletion shall be explained fully in writing, and the extent of such deletion shall be indicated on the portion of the record which is made available or published, unless including that indication would harm an interest protected by the exemption in 5 U.S.C. 552(b) under which the deletion is made. If technically feasible, the extent of the deletion shall be indicated at the place in the record where the deletion was made. + +(d) Public reading rooms. Each bureau of the Department of the Treasury shall make available for public inspection and copying, in a reading room or otherwise, the material described in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of this section. Fees for duplication shall be charged in accordance with §1.7. See + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00026.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00026.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..45396d41b2ee777ef41b16cd03873475ab8bb07f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00026.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +## Table of Contents + +Explanation ............................................................ Page v + +## Title 31: + +SUBTITLE A—OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY ............ 3 +SUBTITLE B—REGULATIONS RELATING TO MONEY AND FINANCE +Chapter 1—Monetary Offices, Department of the Treasury ............ 415 + +## Finding Aids: + +Table of CFR Titles and Chapters ..... 457 +Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR ..... 477 +List of CFR Sections Affected ..... 487 + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00027.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00027.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..48ff9c92ceb48b5984547a319b872df57e93f316 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00027.md @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +## Office of the Secretary of the Treasury + +§ 1.36 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
NumberSystem name
BEP .021.......Investigative files.
+ + (vi) Financial Management Service. + +(vii) Internal Revenue Service: + +
NumberSystem name
PRS 00.002......Correspondence File-Inquires about Enforcement Activities.
PRS 00.004......Employee Complaint and Allegation Referral Records.
PRS 00.006......Complaint and Allegation Referral Records.
PRS 02.001......Wage and Information Returns Processing (IRP).
PRS 02.003......Filed Underreporter Cases Files.
PRS 06.001......Acquired Property Records.
PRS 07.001......Year 2006, Country Investigations.
PRS 08.001......Other Compromise (OC) Files.
PRS 09.001......Two-hundred Percent Penalty Cases.
PRS 11.001......Taxpayer Delinquency Investigation Files.
PRS 15.025......TIN (Taxpayer Delinquency Investigation) Files.
PRS 17.001......Criminal Files.
PRS 34.007......IRS Audit Trail and Security Records System.
PRS 35.002......Investigative Reports.
PRS 37.009......Evidence Agent Records.
PRS 37.111......Prepare Tax Identification Number Records.
PRS 40.001......Examination Administrative Files.
PRS 42.002......Excise Compliance Programs.
PRS 43.002......Whistleblower Office Records.
PRS 43.008......Audit Information Management System (AIMS).
PRS 44.001......Classifications and Examination Selection Files.
PRS 44.003......Examination Enforcement Records.
PRS 45.001......Compliance Programs and Projects Files.
PRS 46.001......Loudon County, Loudenborough Security Act (RSA) and Form 8300 Records.
PRS 44.001......Appeals Case Files.
PRS 41.002/46.053......Automated Information Analysis and Recordkeeping: Criminal Investigation.
PRS 48.001......Information Technology.
PRS 49.001......Collateral and Information Requests System.
PRS 50.001......Document Authority and Index Card Modified Retrieval System.
PRS 50.022......Tax Exempt Government Entities Case Management System.
PRS 50.024......Telephone Protection System Records.
PRS 50.001......Chief Counsel Governance Information System Records.
PRS 50.002......Chief Counsel Litigation and Advice (Civil) Records.
PRS 50.007......Chief Counsel Legal Processing Division Records.
PRS 50.005......Chief Counsel Library Records.
+ +## (viii) U.S. Mint: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
NumberSystem name
Mint .008......Criminal investigation files.
+ +## (ix) Bureau of the Public Debt: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
NumberSystem name
BP0.009......U.S. Treasury Securities Fraud Information System.
+ +## (x) Financial Crimes Enforcement Network: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
NumberSystem name
FinCEN_001......FinCEN Database.
FinCEN_002......Suspicious Activity Reporting System.
FinCEN_003......Bank Secrecy Act Reports System.
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00028.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00028.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99e23a9eb9fc8a957b273605b07c5a560c4d891c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00028.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +## Federal Account Symbols and Titles (FAST) Book + +## Agency Identifier Codes + +TREASURY FINANCIAL MANUAL SUPPLEMENT + +September 2024 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00029.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00029.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7654f61f18937f794a13a26b78438a2ae757326c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00029.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +3040 Recoveries Under Foreign Aid Programs. Amounts received from the operation of foreign aid programs. Includes such items as proceeds from the sale of material; U.S. share of foreign currency deposits by foreign governments under aid programs; and contributions by foreign governments for joint projects. + + + + + + + + +
3041✓ Recoveries Under the Foreign Military Sales Program, Army, Navy, Air Force. Defense
3042✓ Recoveries from the Polish American Enterprise Fund, Agency for International Development +
+ + +3090-3300 Miscellaneous Recoveries and Refunds. All other recoveries and refunds. Includes such items as refunds on empty containers; refunds of state and local taxes; refund of terminal leave compensation (if not credited to the applicable appropriation); recoveries of court costs; payments received by employees whose pay is disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate or Clerk of the House for services as a juror or witness; other compensation received by federal employees from private sources; recoveries from contractors for additional work necessary to meet contract conditions; and recovery of payments based on fraudulent claims; airline penalties for changing reservations of federal employees. + + + +
3091✓ Recoveries from Federal Agencies for Fire Fighting Services
3094Recovery from Airport and Airway Trust Fund for Refunds of Taxes
3096Recovery of Beneficiary Overpayments from the Supplemental Security Income Program
3098√ Recoveries and Refunds, State and Local Government Fiscal Assistance Trust Fund, Treasury
3099√ Miscellaneous Recoveries and Refunds, Not Otherwise Classified
3101Recoveries from Federal Agencies for Settlement of Claims for Contract Disputes
3102.001✓ Recoveries from Federal Agencies Resulting from Reductions in the Civilian Salaries of Military Retirees, Federal Funds
3102.002Recoveries from Federal Agencies Resulting from Reductions in the Civilian Salaries of Military Retirees, Trust Funds
3102.003✓ Recoveries from Federal Agencies Resulting from Reductions in the Civilian Salaries of Military Retirees, Off-Budget Entities
3105.001Quinquennial Adjustment for Military Service Credits, Federal Old Age Survivors Insurance
3105.002✓ Quinquennial Adjustment for Military Service Credits, Federal Disability Insurance
3105.003Quinquennial Adjustment for Military Service Credits, Federal Hospital Insurance
3107Federal Share of Child Support Collections, Health and Human Services, ACF
3108✓ Return of Contribution to International Buffer Stocks, Executive
3112√ Reimbursements from Federal Agencies for Payments Made as a Result of Discriminatory Conduct
3113✓ Collections of Recoveries and Refunds from Canceled Accounts, Defense
3200✓ Collections of Receivables from Canceled Accounts
3210√ General Fund Proprietary Receipts, Defense Military, Not Otherwise Classified
3220✓ General Fund Proerior Receipts, Not Otherwise Classified. All Other
3229Cellulosic Biofuel Waiver Credits, Renewal Fuel Program, Environmental Protection Agency
3230Special and Trust Fund Proprietary Receipts Returned to the General Fund of the U.S. Treasury
3231Special and Trust Fund Governmental Receipts Returned to the General Fund of the U.S. Treasury
+ +✓ Distributed offsetting receipts + +$^{*}$ Identifies Capital Transfer Account + +** Designated as “Available” under Joint Regulation No. 3, dated June 12, 1951, as amended + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00030.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00030.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aaa55b37908cbdaf5a2ad4ddbbd9dfaca650072b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00030.md @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +F3810 Undistributed Proceeds from Sale of Foreign Currency + +F3820 Unidentified Cash Collections, Federal Tax Deposits, Internal Revenue Service + +F3840 Real Property, General Services Administration + +F3842 Broker Rebates, General Services Administration + +F3844 Deposits of Litigations, Internal Revenue Service, Treasury + +F3845 Proceeds of Sales, Personal Property + +F3870 Undistributed Intra-Governmental Payrolls, Health and Human Services + +F3875 Budget Clearing Account (suspense) + +F3880 Unavailable Check Cancellations and Overpayments (suspanse) + +F3885 Undistributed Intra-Governmental Payments + +## 5000-5999 SPECIAL FUND RECEIPT ACCOUNTS + +5000.021 √ Miscellaneous Interest, Reclamation Fund, Interior 43U.S.C. 391 + +5000.024 √ Royalties on Natural Resources, Reclamation Fund, Interior 43 U.S.C. 391 + +5000.025 √ Sale of Timber and Other Products, Reclamation Fund, Interior 43 U.S.C. 391 + +5000.026 √ Sale of Electric Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Reclamation Fund, Interior 43 U.S.C. 391 + +5000.027 √ Sale of Power and Other Utilities, Reclamation Fund, Energy 43 U.S.C. 502 + +5000.028 √ Other, Reclamation Fund, Interior 43 U.S.C. 391 + +5000.029 √ Sale of Public Domain, Reclamation Fund, Interior 43 U.S.C. 391 + +5001.001 ** Forfeited Cash and Proceeds from Sales of Forfeited Property, Special Forfeiture Fund, 21 U.S.C. 1509(A) Executive Office of the President + +5001.002 ** Earnings on Investments, Special Forfeiture Fund, Funds Executive Office of the President 21 U.S.C. 1509d(b) + +5003.002 ** ✓ Receipts from Mineral Leasing, Public and Acquired Military Lands (Act March 25, 1920, and December 17, 1981, as amended), Office of Natural Resources Revenue, Interior 30 U.S.C. 191 + +5005.004 Land and Water Conservation Fund, Special Recreation Use Fees, National Park Service 16 U.S.C. 4601-5a + +5005.007 Land and Water Conservation Fund, Rent Receipts Outer Continental Shelf Lands, National Park Service 16 U.S.C. 460l-5a + +5005.008 Land and Water Conservation Fund, Royalty Receipts Outer Continental Shelf Lands, National Park Service 16 U.S.C. 4601-5a + +5005.009 Outer Continental Shelf Rents and Bonuses, LWCF Share from Certain Leases, National Park Service P.L. 109-432, 120 Stat. 2922, 120 Stat. 3004, 120 Stat. 3006 + +5005.011 √ Land and Water Conservation Fund, Federal Land Sales Fund Balance, Bureau of Land P.L. 111-212 Management + +5007 √ Special Recreation Use Fees, Army, Corps of Engineers, Civil 16 U.S.C. 460l-6a + +5008.001 √ National Forest Fund Receipts + +5009.001 √ Forest Service Recreation User Fees, Forest Service 16 U.S.C. 4601-6a + +5011 √ Special Recreation Use Fees, Bureau of Land Management, Interior 16 U.S.C. 4601-6a + +5012 Licenses under Federal Power Act, Improvements of Navigable Water (100 percent) 16 U.S.C. 810 + +5013 √ Licensee Benefit Charges 16 U.S.C. 803(f) + +5015.001 Coal Mining Reclamation Fees, Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement 30 U.S.C. 1231 + +5015.002 √ Interest on Late Payment of Coal Mining Reclamation Fees, Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement 30 U.S.C. 1231 + +5015.003 √ Other, Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement 30 U.S.C. 1231 + +5015.005 Donations for Mined Land Reclamation, Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement 30 U.S.C. 1231 + +5015.006 ** Coal Mining Reclamation Fees, Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement 30 U.S.C. 1231 + +5015.007 ** √ Interest on Late Payment of Coal Mining 30 U.S.C. 1231 + +5015.008 ** √ Other, Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement 30 U.S.C. 1231 + +√ Distributed offsetting receipts + +$^{*}$ Identifies Capital Transfer Account + +** Designated as “Available” under Joint Regulation No. 3, dated June 12, 1951, as amended diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00031.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00031.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d7c9cab104507aa9a8728b66bc2c51d2663a9747 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00031.md @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +5015.009 ** √ Earnings on Investments, Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement + +30 U.S.C. 1231 + +5016 √ Receipts from Grazing, etc., Public Lands Outside Grazing Districts, Bureau of Land Management + +43 U.S.C. 315i + +5017.001 ** √ Service Charges, Deposits, and Forfeitures, Bureau of Land Management + +43 U.S.C. 1735 + +5018.001 ** √ Deposits for Road Maintenance and Reconstruction, Bureau of Land Management + +43 U.S.C. 1762c + +5023.001 ** Fees for Independent Counsel, United States Tax Court + +26 U.S.C. 7475 + +5024 Increment on Gold + +5026.001 ** Registry Fees, Appraisal Subcommittee + +12 U.S.C. 3337 + +5026.003 Incremental Registry Fees (DODD-Frank ACT), Appraisal Subcommittee + +P.L. 111-203, 124 + +5029.002 ** √ Earnings on Investments, Federal Aid to 1975 Wildlife Restoration Fund + +P.L. 101-233, 103 + +Stat. 1974-1975 + +5029.003 ** Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Fund 1975 + +P.L. 101-233, 103 + +Stat. 1974-1975 + +5032 √ Receipts from Grazing, etc., Public Lands Within Grazing Districts, Bureau of Land Management + +43 U.S.C. 315i + +5038.001 ** √ Rents and Charges for Quarters, National Biological Survey + +5 U.S.C. 5911 note + +5041.001 ** Fines, Penalties, and Forfeitures, Crime Victims Fund, Justice + +34 U.S.C. 20101 + +5041.003 ** √ Payment from the General Fund, Crime Victims Fund, Justice + +115 Stat. 2294 + +5041.004 ** √ Child Pornography Victims Reserve Assessments, Crime Victims Fund, Justice + +18 U.S.C. 2259B, + +5042.001 ** Forfeited Cash and Proceeds from the Sale of Forfeited Property, Justice + +28 U.S.C. 524 + +5042.002 ** √ Earnings on Investments, Assets Forfeiture Fund, Justice + +28 U.S.C. 524 + +5044 √ Receipts from Grazing, etc., Public Lands Within Grazing Districts, Miscellaneous, Bureau of Land Management + +43 U.S.C. 315i + +5045.001 ** √ Receipts from Oil and Gas Leases, National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, Office of Natural Resources Revenue, Interior + +42 U.S.C. 6508 + +5048.001 ** √ Rents and Charges for Quarters, Bureau of Land Management + +P.L. 98-473, 98 + +5049.001 ** √ Rents and Charges for Quarters, National Park Service + +P.L. 98-473, 98 + +5050.001 ** √ Rents and Charges for Quarters, United States Fish and Wildlife Service + +P.L. 98-473, 98 + +Stat. 1874 + +5051.001 ** √ Rents and Charges for Quarters, Bureau of Indian Affairs + +P.L. 98-473, 98 + +5053.001 ** √ Rents and Charges for Quarters, Bureau of Reclamation, Interior + +P.L. 98-473, 98 + +5055.001 ** √ Rents and Charges for Quarters, Geological Survey + +P.L. 98-473, 98 + +5058.001 ** √ Receipts from Operations of North Platte Project (Gering and Fort Laramie, Goshen, and Pathfinder Irrigation Districts), Bureau of Reclamation + +P.L. 580, 66 Stat. 755 + +5063.001 ** Deposits, Civil Penalties, Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement + +P.L. 100-202, 101 + +Stat. 1329-226, 227 + +5066.001 Hydraulic Mining in California, Tax, Debris Reservoirs + +33 U.S.C. 683 + +5066.002 √ Hydraulic Mining in California, Water Storage and Use of Facilities, Debris Reservoirs + +5070.001 ** Deposits, Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act Fund, Agricultural Marketing Service + +7 U.S.C. 499c(b) + +5070.002 ** √ Earnings on Investments, Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act, Agricultural Marketing Service + +7 U.S.C. 499c(5) + +5070.003 ** √ General Fund Payment, Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act Fund, Agricultural Marketing Service + +P.L. 106-224, 114 + +Stat. 399, Sec. 203(a) + +5071.001 ✓ Rents and Charges for Quarters, Indian Health Services + +P.L. 98-473, 98 + +Stat. 1874 + +√ Distributed offsetting receipts + +$^{*}$ Identifies Capital Transfer Account + +** Designated as “Available” under Joint Regulation No. 3, dated June 12, 1951, as amended + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00032.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00032.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..025b706bb8bb09f1325ad6f764a50a534cdbb796 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00032.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +PART 1 - RECEIPT ACCOUNT SYMBOLS AND TITLES + +RECEIPT ACCOUNT SYMBOLS BY FUND GROUPS AND MAJOR CLASSES + +General Fund Receipt Accounts + +Major Class + +Taxes.....0100 +Customs duties.....0300 +Gains resulting from government participation.....0400 +Debt Held by the Public Principal.....0500 +Receipts from monetary power.....0600 +Fees for regulatory and judicial services.....0800 +Fees, penalties, and forfeitures.....1000 +Restitution, separations, and recoveries under military occupation.....1100 +Gifts and contributions.....1200 +Interest.....1300 +Interest on Advances for Unemployment.....1500 +Dividends and other earnings.....1600 +Rent, including bonuses.....1800 +Royalties.....2000 +Sale of products.....2200 +Fees and other charges for services and special benefits.....2400 +Sale of government property.....2600 +Negative subsidies and downward reestimates of subsidies.....2670-2799 +Realization upon loans and investments.....2800-2900 +Receivership and refunds.....3000 +Clearing accounts.....3500-3885 +Special Fund Receipt Accounts.....5000-5999 +Trust Fund Receipt Accounts.....8000-8999 + +## Note + +In this section, distributed offsetting receipts, as described in OMB Circular No. A-136, Financial Reporting Requirements, Section 6, dated August 23, 2005, are identified with the √ symbol before the account title. + +√ Distributed offsetting receipts + +$^{*}$ Identifies Capital Transfer Account + +** Designated as “Available” under Joint Regulation No. 3, dated June 12, 1951, as amended + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00033.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00033.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9408cf6933debdd7489007be7fa0ccf54cc70070 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00033.md @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +0613 Seigniorage, Cupro-Nickel Clad Coinage + +0620 Increment on Gold. (Not included in budget receipts.) Increase in the value of gold held by the United States resulting from the change in the par value of the dollar as authorized by P. L. 92-268 (86 Stat. 117). + +0622 Gains Resulting from Loans to the International Monetary Fund + +0640 Receipts from International Financial Institutions. Earnings of international business enterprises in which the government is a shareholder. + +0642 United States Share of Distributed Net Income of International Bank for Reconstruction and Development + +0650 Deposit of Earnings, Federal Reserve System. Includes collections from the Federal Reserve Banks under Sec. 16 of Federal Reserve Act, as amended. + +0650 Deposit of Earnings, Federal Reserve System + +0800 FEES FOR REGULATORY AND JUDICIAL SERVICES. Fees and other charges that result from the exercise of a governmental function of a regulatory or judicial nature. Includes fees and charges relating to application for and issuance of permits for aliens, petitions for naturalization, and papers for U.S. citizens to travel abroad; fees and other charges related to the application for and issuance of permits for aliens, petitions for naturalization, and papers for U.S. citizens to travel abroad; fees and other charges related to the application for and issuance and assignment of patents, trademarks, and copyrights; and charges for registration of individuals, firms, or products; and fees for filing or recording of documents. + +0830 Immigration, Passport and Consular Fees. Fees and other charges relating to the application for and issuance of permits for aliens to enter, leave, or remain in the United States, petitions for naturalization, and papers necessary for U.S. citizens to travel abroad. Excludes charges for reproducing or certifying copies of documents (see 2410). + +0830 Immigration, Passport and Consular Fees + +0832 √ U.S. Travel and Tourism Administration Facilitation Fees + +0834 Breached Bond Penalties, Immigration and Naturalization Service + +0835 Immigration Fees, Border Security Act + +0840 Patent, Trademark and Copyright Fees. Fees and other charges related to the application for and issuance and assignment of patents, trademarks, and copyrights. Excludes charges for furnishing copies of patents or other documents (see 2410). + +0840 Patent, Trademark and Copyright Fees + +0850 Registration and Filing Fees. Charges for registration of individuals, firms, or products, and fees for filing or recording of documents. Includes such items as registrations required by law (such as Securities and Exchange Act, etc.); charges for admission to practice as attorneys; filing of homestead applications and other applications for the use of land; mineral leasing applications; and registration of aircraft, vessels, and other vehicles. + +0850 Registration and Filing Fees + +0850.140 Registration and Filing Fees, Commodity Futures Trading Commission + +0850.150 Registration, Filing and Transaction Fees, Securities and Exchange Commission + +$\sqrt{}$ Distributed offsetting receipts + +$^{*}$ Identifies Capital Transfer Account + +** Designated as “Available” under Joint Regulation No. 3, dated June 12, 1951, as amended diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00034.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00034.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..68b193ab0487151ef63bd9e63c4570c82a14ada9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00034.md @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE + +## Program Accounts (not requiring appropriation) + +097x2093 Joint Improvised-Threat Defeat Fund, Defense + +097X7515.314 Defense Cooperation Account, Defense, Philippines + +097X7565.428 United States - India Fund for Cultural, Educational, and Scientific Cooperation, Defense, India + +## DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION + +## Program Accounts (not requiring appropriation) + +091X7565.428 United States - India Fund for Cultural, Educational, and Scientific Cooperation, Education, India + +## DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY + +Program Accounts (not requiring appropriation) + +## DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICE + +Program Accounts (not requiring appropriation) + +075X7565.428 United States - India Fund for Cultural, Educational, and Scientific Cooperation, India + +## DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR + +## Program Accounts (not requiring appropriation) + +014X7565.428 United States - India Fund for Cultural, Educational, and Scientific Cooperation, Interior, India + +## DEPARTMENT OF STATE + +## Program Accounts (not requiring appropriation) + +## AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT + +## Program Accounts (not requiring appropriation) + +072X7800.510 Advances from Foreign Governments for Technical Assistance, AID, Cameroon + +072X7800.521 Advances from Foreign Governments for Technical Assistance, AID, Republic of Congo + +072X7800.524 Advances from Foreign Governments for Technical Assistance, AID, Ghana + +072X7800.555 Advances from Foreign Governments for Technical Assistance, AID, Mali + +072X7800.559 Advances from Foreign Governments for Technical Assistance, AID, Niger + +072X7800.564 Advances from Foreign Governments for Technical Assistance, AID, Malawi + +072X7800.574 Advances from Foreign Governments for Technical Assistance, AID, Zimbabwe + +072X7800.582 Advances from Foreign Governments for Technical Assistance, AID, Uganda + +## ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY + +## Program Accounts (not requiring appropriation) + +068X7565.428 United States-India Fund for Cultural, Educational, and Scientific Cooperation, EPA, India + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00035.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00035.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..32dc3dc1ed5d92606f7b35761e9752fa7bd3b2b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00035.md @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +## PART 15 - CONTRACTING BY NEGOTIATION + +15.1 Source Selection Processes and Techniques + +15.2 Solicitation and Receipt of Proposals and Information + +15.3 Source Selection + +15.4 Contract Pricing + +15.5 Preward, Award, and Postaward Notifications, Protests, and Mistakes + +15.6 Unsolicited Proposals + +## PART 16 - TYPES OF CONTRACTS + +16.1 Selecting Contract Types + +16.2 Fixed-Price Contracts + +16.3 Cost-Reimbursement Contracts + +16.4 Incentive Contracts + +16.5 Indefinite-Delivery Contracts + +16.6 Time-and-Materials, Labor-Hour, and Letter Contracts + +16.7 Agreements + +## PART 17 - SPECIAL CONTRACTING METHODS + +17.1 Multi-year Contracting + +17.2 Options + +17.3 [Reserved] + +17.4 Leader Company Contracting + +17.5 Interagency Acquisitions + +17.6 Management and Operating Contracts + +17.7 Interagency Acquisitions: Acquisitions by Nondefense Agencies on Behalf of the Department of Defense +17.8 Reverse Auctions + +## PART 18 - EMERGENCY ACQUISITIONS + +18.1 Available Acquisition Flexibilities + +18.2 Emergency Acquisition Flexibilities + +## SUBCHAPTER D - SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS + +## PART 19 - SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS + +19.1 Size Standards + +19.2 Policies + +19.3 Determination of Small Business Size and Status for Small Business Programs + +19.4 Cooperation with the Small Business Administration + +19.5 Small Business Total Set-Asides, Partial Set-Asides, and Reserves + +19.6 Certificates of Competency and Determinations of Responsibility + +19.7 The Small Business Subcontracting Program + +19.8 Contracting with the Small Business Administration (The 8(a) Program) + +19.9 [Reserved] + +19.10 [Reserved] + +19.11 [Reserved] + +19.12 [Reserved] + +19.13 Historically Underutilized Business Zone (HUBZone) Program \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00036.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00036.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..255957565d770f535b6569b1e37bd708009dc080 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00036.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +(f) Imperative sentences. When an imperative sentence directs action, the contracting officer is responsible for the action, unless another party is expressly cited. + +## 1.109 Statutory acquisition–related dollar thresholds-adjustment for inflation. + +(a) 41 U.S.C. 1908 requires that the FAR Council periodically adjust all statutory acquisition-related dollar thresholds in the FAR for inflation, except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section. This adjustment is calculated every 5 years, starting in October 2005, using the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), and supersedes the applicability of any other provision of law that provides for the adjustment of such acquisition-related dollar thresholds. + +(b) The statute defines an acquisition-related dollar threshold as a dollar threshold that is specified in law as a factor in defining the scope of the applicability of a policy, procedure, requirement, or restriction provided in that law to the procurement of supplies or services by an executive agency, as determined by the FAR Council. + +(c) The statute does not permit escalation of acquisition-related dollar thresholds established by: + +(1) 40 U.S.C. chapter 31— + +(i) Subchapter III, Bonds; and + +(ii) Subchapter IV, Wage Rate Requirements (Construction); + +(2) 41 U.S.C. chapter 67, Service Contract Labor Standards; or + +(3) The United States Trade Representative pursuant to the authority of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 (19 U.S.C. 2511 et seq.). + +(d) The statute, as amended by section 821 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (Pub. L. 115-91), requires the adjustment described in paragraph (a) of this section be applied to contracts and subcontracts without regard to the date of award of the contract or subcontract. Therefore, if a threshold is adjusted for inflation as set forth in paragraph (a) of this section, then the changed threshold applies throughout the remaining term of the contract, unless there is a subsequent threshold adjustment. + +(e) A matrix showing calculation of the most recent escalation adjustments of statutory acquisition-related dollar thresholds is available via the Internet at http:// www.regulations.gov (search FAR Case 2019-013, open the docket folder, and go to the supporting documents file). + +## 1.110 Positive law codification. + +(a) Public Law 107-217 revised, codified, and enacted as title 40, United States Code, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, certain general and permanent laws of the United States. + +(b) Public Law 111-350 revised, codified, and enacted as title 41, United States Code, Public Contracts, certain general and permanent laws of the United States. + +(c) The following table provides cross references between the historical titles of the acts, and the current reference in title 40 or title 41. + +## Table 1 to Paragraph (c) + + + +
Historical Title of ActDivision/Chapter/SubchapterTitle
Anti-Kickback Act41 U.S.C. chapter 87Kickbacks
Brooks Architect Engineer Act40 U.S.C. chapter 11Selection of Architects and Engineers
Buy American Act41 U.S.C. chapter 83Buy American
Contract Disputes Act of 197841 U.S.C. chapter 71Contract Disputes
Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act40 U.S.C. chapter 37Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards
Davis-Bacon Act40 U.S.C. chapter 31, Subchapter IVWage Rate Requirements (Construction)
Drug-Free Workplace Act41 U.S.C. chapter 81Drug-Free Workplace
Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, Title III.41 U.S.C. Div. C of subtitle I*Procurement
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00037.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00037.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3b96de3b0c59ddf758d08e875e9535f70edb5662 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00037.md @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +## PART 12 - ACQUISITION OF COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS AND COMMERCIAL SERVICES + +Sec. + +12.000 Scope of part. + +12.001 Definition. + +## Subpart 12.1 - Acquisition of Commercial Products and Commercial Services + +12.101 Policy. + +12.102 Applicability. + +12.103 Commercially available off-the-shelf (COTS) items. + +## Subpart 12.2 - Special Requirements for the Acquisition of Commercial Products and Commercial Services + +12.201 General. + +12.202 Market research and description of agency need. + +12.203 Procedures for solicitation, evaluation, and award. + +12.204 Solicitation/contract form. + +12.205 Offers. + +12.206 Use of past performance. + +12.207 Contract type. + +12.208 Contract quality assurance. + +12.209 Determination of price reasonableness. + +12.210 Contract financing. + +12.211 Technical data. + +12.212 Computer software. + +12.213 Other commercial practices. + +12.214 Cost Accounting Standards. + +12.215 Notification of overpayment. + +12.216 Unenforceability of unauthorized obligations. + +## Subpart 12.3 - Solicitation Provisions and Contract Clauses for the Acquisition of Commercial Products and Commercial Services + +12.300 Scope of subpart. + +12.301 Solicitation provisions and contract clauses for the acquisition of commercial products and commercial services. + +12.302 Tailoring of provisions and clauses for the acquisition of commercial products and commercial services. + +12.303 Contract format. + +## Subpart 12.4 - Unique Requirements + +Regarding Terms and Conditions + +for Commercial Products + +and Commercial Services + +12.401 General. + +12.402 Acceptance. + +12.403 Termination. + +12.404 Warranties. + +## Subpart 12.5 - Applicability of Certain Laws to the Acquisition of Commercial Products, Commercial Services and Commercially Available Off-the-Shelf Items + +12.500 Scope of subpart. + +12.501 Applicability. + +12.502 Procedures. + +12.503 Applicability of certain laws to Executive agency contracts for the acquisition of commercial products and commercial services. + +12.504 Applicability of certain laws to subcontracts for the acquisition of commercial products and commercial services. + +12.505 Applicability of certain laws to contracts for the acquisition of COTS items. + +## Subpart 12.6 - Streamlined Procedures for Evaluation and Solicitation for Commercial Products and Commercial Services + +12.601 General. + +12.602 Streamlined evaluation of offers. + +12.603 Streamlined solicitation for commercial products or commercial services. + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00038.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00038.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e847a8d1cecc43398c9574e5893ccd7672c9a65d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00038.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +## Contents + +Overview + +Foreword 1 +How to Use the Green Book 3 +Section 1 - Fundamental Concepts of Internal Control 5 +Definition of Internal Control 5 +Definition of an Internal Control System 5 +Section 2 - Establishing an Effective Internal Control System 6 +Presentation of Standards 6 +Components, Principles, and Attributes 7 +Internal Control and the Entity 9 +Roles in an Internal Control System 11 +Objectives of an Entity 12 +Section 3 - Evaluation of an Effective Internal Control System 14 +Factors of Effective Internal Control 15 +Evaluation of Internal Control 15 +Section 4 - Additional Considerations 17 +Service Organizations 17 +Large versus Small Entities 18 +Benefits and Costs of Internal Control 19 +Documentation Requirements 19 +Use by Other Entities 20 + +Control Environment + +21 +Principle 1 - Demonstrate Commitment to Integrity and Ethical Values 22 +Tone at the Top 22 +Standards of Conduct 23 +Adherence to Standards of Conduct 23 +Principle 2 - Exercise Oversight Responsibility 24 +Oversight Structure 24 +Oversight for the Internal Control System 26 +Input for Remediation of Deficiencies 27 +Principle 3 - Establish Structure, Responsibility, and Authority 27 +Organizational Structure 27 +Assignment of Responsibility and Delegation of Authority 28 +Documentation of the Internal Control System 29 +Principle 4 - Demonstrate Commitment to Competence 30 +Expectations of Competence 30 +Recruitment, Development, and Retention of Individuals 31 +Succession and Contingency Plans and Preparation 31 +Principle 5 - Enforce Accountability 32 diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00039.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00039.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b2743c67006ec4ef6b9bd8028b8a3edc84e0eb15 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00039.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +Risk Assessment + +transactions. The oversight body may oversee management's estimates of significance so that risk tolerances have been properly defined. + +7.07 Risks may be analyzed on an individual basis or grouped into categories with related risks and analyzed collectively. Regardless of whether risks are analyzed individually or collectively, management considers the correlation among different risks or groups of risks when estimating their significance. The specific risk analysis methodology used can vary by entity because of differences in entities’ missions and the difficulty in qualitatively and quantitatively defining risk tolerances. + +## Response to Risks + +7.08 Management designs responses to the analyzed risks so that risks are within the defined risk tolerance for the defined objective. Management designs overall risk responses for the analyzed risks based on the significance of the risk and defined risk tolerance. These risk responses may include the following: + +- Acceptance - No action is taken to respond to the risk based on the insignificance of the risk. + +- Avoidance - Action is taken to stop the operational process or the part of the operational process causing the risk. + +- Reduction - Action is taken to reduce the likelihood or magnitude of the risk. + +- Sharing - Action is taken to transfer or share risks across the entity or with external parties, such as insuring against losses. + +7.09 Based on the selected risk response, management designs the specific actions to respond to the analyzed risks. The nature and extent of risk response actions depend on the defined risk tolerance. Operating within the defined risk tolerance provides greater assurance that the entity will achieve its objectives. Performance measures are used to assess whether risk response actions enable the entity to operate within the defined risk tolerances. When risk response actions do not enable the entity to operate within the defined risk tolerances, management may need to revise risk responses or reconsider defined risk tolerances. Management may need to conduct periodic risk assessments to evaluate the effectiveness of the risk response actions. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00040.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00040.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c410f7391b146db0c9d070bf38d1a0e08f859f7a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00040.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +Public Law 97-255 + +97th Congress + +An Act + +To amend the Accounting and Auditing Act of 1950 to require ongoing evaluations and reports on the adequacy of the systems of internal accounting and administrative control of each executive agency, and for other purposes. + +Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, +Section 1. This Act may be cited as the "Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act of 1982". + +Sec. 2. Section 113 of the Accounting and Auditing Act of 1950 (31 U.S.C. 66a) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection: + +“(d)(1)(A) To ensure compliance with the requirements of subsection (a)(3) of this section, internal accounting and administrative controls of each executive agency shall be established in accordance with standards prescribed by the Comptroller General, and shall provide reasonable assurances that— + +“(i) obligations and costs are in compliance with applicable law; + +"(ii) funds, property, and other assets are safeguarded against waste, loss, unauthorized use, or misappropriation; and + +"(iii) revenue and expenditures applicable to agency operations are properly recorded and accounted for to permit the preparation of accounts and reliable financial and statistical reports and to maintain accountability over the assets. + +"(B) The standards prescribed by the Comptroller General under this paragraph shall include standards to ensure the prompt resolution of all audit findings. + +“(2) By December 31, 1982, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, in consultation with the Comptroller General, shall establish guidelines for the evaluation by agencies of their systems of internal accounting and administrative control to determine such systems’ compliance with the requirements of paragraph (1) of this subsection. The Director, in consultation with the Comptroller General, may modify such guidelines from time to time as deemed necessary. + + +“(3) By December 31, 1983, and by December 31 of each succeeding year, the head of each executive agency shall, on the basis of an evaluation conducted in accordance with guidelines prescribed under paragraph (2) of this subsection, prepare a statement— + +"(A) that the agency's systems of internal accounting and administrative control fully comply with the requirements of paragraph (1); or + +"(B) that such systems do not fully comply with such requirements. + +"(4) In the event that the head of an agency prepares a statement described in paragraph (3)(B), the head of such agency shall include with such statement a report in which any material weaknesses in the agency's systems of internal accounting and administrative + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00041.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00041.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f88e7877bdf3d1ad0d595f7ac8ff4069bd185742 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00041.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +## Scenario I + +## Basic Trust Fund Accounting + +## Budgetary Pre-Closing Adjusted Trial Balance (FACTS II ATB): + +
411492,000
41707,000
417510,000
445062,000
46105,000
490222,000
99,00099,000
+ +## Budgetary Closing Entries: + +## C1. To record the consolidation of actual net-funded resources. (TC F204) + +4175 Allocation Transfers of Current-Year Authority for Non-Invested Accounts 10,000 + +4201 Total Actual Resources - Collected 89,000 + +4114 Appropriated Trust or Special Fund Receipts 92,000 + +4170 Transfers – Current-Year Authority 7,000 + +## C2. To record the closing of unobligated balances to unappointed authority. (TC F210) + +4610 Allotments – Realized Resources 5,000 + +4450 Unapportioned Authority 5,000 + +## C3. To record the closing of Expended Authority - Paid. (TC F214) + +4902 Delivered Orders - Obligations, Paid 22,000 + +4201 Total Actual Resources - Collected 22,000 + +## Budgetary Post-Closing Trial Balance: + +
420167,000
445067,000
67,00067,000
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00042.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00042.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e9370c44a70addfc2f9d2c64c3877f5fcaaa9012 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00042.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +## Scenario I + +## Basic Trust Fund Accounting + +## Proprietary Pre-Closing Trial Balance (FACTS I Trial Balance): + +
101067,000
52005,000
532025,000
575019,000
57557,000
57605,000
576510,000
580050,000
610017,000
99,00099,000
+ +## Proprietary Closing Entries: + +C1. To record the closing of revenues and expenses to cumulative results of operations. (TC F228) + +5200 Revenue from Services Provided 5,000 + +5320 Penalties, Fines and Administrative Fees Revenue 25,000 + +5750 Expenditure Financing Sources – Transfers-In 12,000 + +5755 Nonexpenditure Financing Sources – Transfers-In 7,000 + +5800 Tax Revenue Collected 50,000 + +3310 Cumulative Results of Operations 67,000 + +5760 Expenditure Financing Sources – Transfers-Out 5,000 + +5765 Nonexpenditure Financing Sources – Transfers-Out 10,000 + +6100 Operating Expenses/Program Costs 17,000 + +## Proprietary Post-Closing Trial Balance: + +
101067,000
331067,000
67,00067,000
diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00043.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00043.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..433b7d627c8f7bad329a873aaa69e87b6d030d17 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00043.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +## Scenario III + +## Trust Fund Receipts Available for Investment but not Obligation + +Year 1 OMB Form and Content Statements (continued) + +## Statement of Budgetary Resources + +1A Budget Authority - Appropriations (4114E, 4394E-B) 0 +5 Total Budgetary Resources 0 +6 Obligations Incurred 0 +7B Unobligated - Exempt from Apportionment (4620E) 0 +9 Total Status of Budgetary Resources 0 +10 Obligations Incurred (4902E) 0 + +## Statement of Financing + +1 Obligations and Nonbudgetary Resources 0 +2 Resources That Do Not Fund Net Cost of Operations 0 +3 Components of Costs of Operations That Do Not Require or Generate Resources 0 +4 Financing Sources Yet to be Provided 0 +5 Net Cost of Operations 0 + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00044.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00044.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1d7ad4f32c7f73b5acdd96a290ced26f18aba7f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00044.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +## Chapter 2: General Requirements for Complying with Government Auditing Standards + +2.01 This chapter establishes general requirements for complying with generally accepted government auditing standards (GAGAS) that are applicable to all GAGAS engagements. The information it contains relates to how auditors conducting GAGAS engagements identify and apply the requirements contained in GAGAS. The chapter also contains requirements for using other audit standards in conjunction with GAGAS and for reporting compliance with GAGAS in the audit report. + +Complying with GAGAS + +## Requirements: Complying with GAGAS + +2.02 GAGAS uses two categories of requirements, identified by specific terms, to describe the degree of responsibility they impose on auditors and audit organizations: + +a. Unconditional requirements: Auditors and audit organizations must comply with an unconditional requirement in all cases where such requirement is relevant. GAGAS uses must to indicate an unconditional requirement. + +b. Presumptively mandatory requirements: Auditors and audit organizations must comply with a presumptively mandatory requirement in all cases where such a requirement is relevant except in rare circumstances discussed in paragraphs 2.03, 2.04, and 2.08. GAGAS uses should to indicate a presumptively mandatory requirement.$^{10}$ + +2.03 In rare circumstances, auditors and audit organizations may determine it necessary to depart from a relevant presumptively mandatory requirement. In such rare circumstances, auditors should perform alternative procedures to achieve the intent of that requirement. + +2.04 If, in rare circumstances, auditors judge it necessary to depart from a relevant presumptively mandatory requirement, they must document their justification for the departure and how the alternative + +$^{10}$See para. 2.19 for additional documentation requirements for departures from GAGAS requirements. + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00045.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00045.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..083e6ff0f2df9f6c87d37b564e5d52462919c397 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00045.md @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +## CONTROLLED UNCLASSIFIED INFORMATION + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Termination DaysEnter the number of days during which either party can terminate the GT&C. If you do not enter anything in this field, G-Invoicing will default this to 30 days.Block #5
Agreement Type (Required)Select one of the following:
Single Order - GT&C allows exactly one Order creation.
Multiple Orders - GT&C allows one or more Order creations.
Block #6
Advance Payment Indicator (Required)Select one of the following:
Yes - If Orders associated with this GT&C can include an advance payment.
No - If Orders associated with this GT&C cannot include an advance payment.
Block #7
Assisted Acquisitions Indicator (Required)Select Yes or No from the drop-down menu.
Select "Yes" if selected, then the Assisted Acquisitions field in the Agreement Information section of the GT&C is required to be filled out.
Note: Once a GT&C has been moved to a Shared Draft status, this indicator cannot be edited/updated/modified in any way.
Block #8
Enforce Total Remaining Amount IndicatorIdentifies if G-Invoicing should enforce the total value of orders to remain below the Total Amount on the GT&C. If "Yes" is selected, G-Invoicing will not allow Order total to exceed the GT&C total. This is an optional field for Agreements outside of G-Invoicing.
Select Yes or No from the drop-down menu.
Amount will be calculated as Total Direct Cost Amount plus Total Overhead Fees and Charges Amount.
Block #9
Total Direct Cost AmountEnter the total direct cost amount, in the format $$$$$$$.CC, up to 15 digits. The amount must be equal to or greater than $0.00.Block #9
Total Overhead Fees and Charges AmountEnter the total overhead fees and charges amount, in the format $$$$$$$.CC, up to 15 digits. The amount must be equal to or greater than $0.00.Block #9
Preparer NameName of the user who prepared the form. This field is read-only, and will auto-fill with the Preparer's information once the GT&C has been moved to a Shared Draft status.Block #25
Preparer PhonePhone number of the user who prepared the form. This field is read-only, and will auto-fill with the Preparer's information once the GT&C has been moved to a Shared Draft status.Block #25
Preparer EmailEmail address of the user who prepared the form. This field is read-only, and will auto-fill with the Preparer's information once the GT&C has been moved to a Shared Draft status.Block# 25
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00046.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00046.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f1b101837976a49d9b7616875b14eb1516885e3e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00046.md @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +## CONTROLLED UNCLASSIFIED INFORMATION + +3. From the column on the far left side of the page, click on Agreement Information, and if needed, fill out the fields based on information provided in the table below. + +\- **Note**: Users should be mindful of copying and pasting heavily formatted data from external documents into these fields (i.e., Word documents with numbering or bullets contained in them, etc.) as the system will often generate an error message due to formatting issues. If you should happen to receive an error message in any of the below fields after pasting heavily formatted data into them, it is advised that you completely remove all info from the affected field, save the GT&C, then attach the related document to the GT&C. Please be aware that a GT&C draft must be saved at least one time before you will be able to add an attachment to it. + +\- Additionally, users may expand and contract the size of an Agreement Information field by hovering on the lower right corner of the field until the up/down arrows appear, and then dragging the field up or down: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Field NameDescriptionCorresponding field on the 7600A form
Explanation of Overhead Fees and ChargesThis field is only accessible to the Servicing Agency.Block #10
ScopeEnter the Requesting Agency’s scope of the work performance for the entire IAA by the Servicing Agency (up to 4,000 alphanumeric characters).
You can attach the scope/statement of work/memorandum of understanding, which may contain roles and responsibilities.
Please see the section Work with Attachments to GT&Cs for instructions.
Block #11
RolesEnter the roles and responsibilities that the Requesting Agency must carry out to ensure the effective management and fulfillment of the IAA requirements (up to 4,000 alphanumeric characters).Block #12
RestrictionsState and/or attach unique requirements and/or mission specific restrictions specific to this GT&C, up to 4,000Block #14
diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00047.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00047.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4e007e461c9cd09433689f414e22720aaf141b1c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00047.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +US. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY + +## INCIDENT MANAGEMENT +HANDBOOK + +## INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM (ICS) + +REPORT OIL AND CHEMICAL + +SPILLS + +1-800-424-8802 + +JANUARY 2016 EDITION + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00048.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00048.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ac291de92c80c18223712934492c6a11b30a23d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00048.md @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +## EMERGENCY RESPONSE CONTACTS + +National Response Center + +800-424-8802 + +EPA HQ Emergency Operations Center (Including contacting + +DOD/Army Technical Expert) + +202-564-3850 + +EPA Environmental + +Response Team + +732-321-6740 + +732-321-6660 (24-hour) + +EPA Radiological Emergency + +Response Team +800-424-8802 + +Sam Poppell, Team Commander +334-546-7214 + +Mark Sells, Team Commander +702-278-3295 + +EPA National Counterterrorism Evidence Response Team +Mike Cook, Operations Section Chief, +303-462-9379 + +Andrea A. Abat, Operations Team Leader, 713-209-4910 + +EPA CBRN Consequence Management Advisory Team + +202-564-3850 + +(EPA HQ EOC 24-hour contact) + +Centers for Disease Control & Prevention Emergency Response Desk + +770-488-7100 + +Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry + +404-498-0120 + +Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center – Department of Energy Headquarters Emergency Operations Center + +202-586-8100 + +Defense Threat Reduction + +Agency + +703-767-2003 + +USCG National Strike Force Coordination Center + +252-331-6000 + +USCG Atlantic Strike Team +609-724-0008 + +USCG Pacific Strike Team + +415-883-3311 + +USCG Gulf Strike Team + +251-441-6601 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00049.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00049.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9cfa315f2344adff612ec0e86f08c1b813c6d43 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00049.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +reports in such form as shall be prescribed by the Commission. Each ticket of admission to any such boxing contest shall bear clearly upon the face thereof the purchase price of the said ticket." + +SEC. 3. Section 10 of such Act is amended by inserting the designation “(a)” immediately before the first sentence thereof, by striking the figures “15,000” and inserting in lieu thereof the figures “25,000” and by adding to such section a new subsection reading as follows: + +“(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, any interest-bearing bonds owned by the Boxing Commission of the District of Columbia prior to December 20, 1944, may be retained by the District of Columbia Boxing Commission, and the said Commission is authorized, when sufficient funds to defray its expenses are not otherwise available, to sell or redeem one or more of the said bonds, to reinvest the proceeds from any sale or redemption of the said bonds, and to use for the purpose of defraying the expenses of the said Commission the proceeds from the sale or redemption of the said bonds, together with the interest from the said bonds, any interest from any bonds or other securities in which such proceeds from such sale or redemption were reinvested, and the proceeds from the sale or redemption of any bonds or other securities purchased by the said Commission for reinvestment purposes, pursuant to the authority herein contained.” + + +## AN ACT + +Making appropriations for the Executive Office and sundry independent executive bureaus, boards, commissions, corporations, agencies, and offices, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1953, and for other purposes. + +July 5, 1952 [H. R. 7072] + +Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the following sums are appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the Executive Office and sundry independent executive bureaus, boards, commissions, corporations, agencies, and offices, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1953, namely: + +Independent Offices Appropriation Act, 1953. + +## TITLE I + +## EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT + +COMPENSATION OF THE PRESIDENT + +For compensation of the President, including an expense allowance at the rate of $50,000 per annum, as authorized by the Act of January 19, 1949 (3 U.S.C. 102),$150,000. + +## THE WHITE HOUSE OFFICE + +Salaries and expenses: For expenses necessary for The White House Office, including not to exceed $100,000 for services as authorized by section 15 of the Act of August 2, 1946 (5 U.S.C. 55a), at such per diem rates for individuals as the President may specify, and other personal services without regard to the provisions of law regulating the employment and compensation of persons in the Government service; and travel and official entertainment expenses of the President, to be accounted for solely on his certificate;$1,907,643. diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00050.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00050.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..257137b246efe5b1ea1a6a498c25b58c8c706a47 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00050.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ + + + + + + + + + +
TitleSec./Ex. No.Page
Should my request include amounts exempt from apportionment?120.54120-25
Can OMB reapportion a past period?120.55120-26
Do unobligated resources appportioned in earlier time periods of the same fiscal year remain available?120.56120-26
Must I request that funds apportioned in one fiscal year be apportioned in the next fiscal year if the funds were not obligated and remain available?120.57120-26
What is the status of approved apportionments from a previous fiscal year on apportionments in the current fiscal year?120.58120-27
How does the last approved apportionment govern the actions a TAFS takes when the TAFS enters the expired phase?120.59120-27
During a CR, what happens to TAFSs that were apportioned before the start of a fiscal year (e.g., no-year TAFSs)?120.60120-27
After a CR has been replaced by a full-year enacted appropriation, what do I show in the Previous Approved column?120.61120-28
After a short-term CR has been replaced by a full-year enacted appropriation, what do I show in the Agency Request column?120.62120-28
What do I do if the full-year enacted appropriation changes the period of availability of funds apportioned under a short-term CR?120.63120-28
What types of resources are apportioned by OMB?120.64120-29
Are all apportionments based on authority to incur obligations?120.65120-29
How do I treat extensions of the availability of unobligated balances in an apportionment?120.66120-29
When do I submit requests anticipating the need for the Congress to enact supplemental budget authority?120.67120-30
What is the purpose of program reporting categories?120.68120-31
Do my estimates of program reporting category obligations limit the amount I can obligate?120.69120-31
What do OMB and the agency need to do to start using program reporting categories?120.70120-31
How do I fill in the program reporting category tab?120.71120-32
Why does OMB send the names of program reporting categories and Category B projects to Treasury for use in GTAS?120.72120-32
Apportionment Line Numbers...........................................Ex-120A120-33
Program Reporting Categories Format............................................Ex-120B120-37
One-Year Appropriation—First Apportionment for the Current Fiscal Year..Ex-120C120-38
No-Year Appropriation—First Apportionment for the Current Fiscal Year....Ex-120D120-39
No-Year Appropriation—ReapportionmentEx-120E120-40
One-Year Appropriations Under Continuing Resolution............................................Ex-120F120-41
Appropriations and Unobligated Balances Under a Continuing Resolution....Ex-120G120-42
Apportionment Following a Continuing Resolution (No-Year TAFS) ............Ex-120H120-43
Appportionment Following a Continuing Resolution (Annual TAFS, Category A)Ex-120I120-44
Public Enterprise (Revolving) or Intragovernmental (Revolving) Fund Reapportionment.Ex-120J120-45
Trust Fund LimitationEx-120K120-46
Negative Amount Due to Reduced Unobligated Balance............................................Ex-120L120-47
Appportionments in Future Fiscal Years for Multi-Year Accounts...........................................Ex-120M120-48
Trust Fund with Contact Authority, Appropriation to Liquidate Contact Authority, and Obligation LimitationEx-120N120-49
Trust Fund (or Special Fund) with Collections Precluded from Obligation ....Ex-1200120-50
Allocation Transfer for Apportionment Format, Apportioning Programs .....Ex-120P120-51
Allocation Transfer Apportionment Format, Apportioning Parent and Child.Ex-120Q120-52
Allocation Transfer Appportionment Format, Child Only............................................Ex-120R120-53
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00051.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00051.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9706e307c90c2dcd9f732f225cd1e59e550ada24 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00051.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ + + +## EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT + +## OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET + +## WASHINGTON, D.C. 20503 + +December 18, 2019 + +MEMORANDUM FOR USERS OF OMB CIRCULAR NO. A-11 + +FROM: Hee Jun +Chief, Budget Concepts Branch + + + +SUBJECT: Revisions to OMB Circular No. A-11 dated June 28, 2019 + +We have updated the electronic version of OMB Circular No. A-11 to reflect some technical revisions. The revised guidance: + +- Adds a reference to Executive Order 13893, “Increasing Government Accountability for Administrative Actions by Reinvigorating Administrative PAYGO,” which was released in October 2019 and OMB Memorandum M-20-06 (section 31.3). + +- Removes the prohibition on effectuating recurring discretionary changes in mandatory programs ("CHIMPs") on an apportionment during a continuing resolution to make Circular A-11 consistent with guidance in OMB CR Bulletin 19-04 (section 120.60). + +- Updates the Federal Sustainability Appendix to be consistent with Executive Order 13834, “Efficient Federal Operations,” which was released in May 2018 to direct Federal agencies to meet statutory requirements in a manner that increases efficiency, optimizes performance, eliminates unnecessary use of resources, and protects the environment (Appendix 10 of Capital Programming Guide). + +The updated Circular is available at the following internet address: + +https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/a11_web_toc.pdf diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00052.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00052.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fd28ac7a1c4c3dfcdaa02a0f2ace6142a46a06af --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00052.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +There is also a table of contents at the beginning of each section that identifies the subsections and exhibits contained in that section. We summarize major changes in policies and requirements at the beginning of the Circular. In addition, we describe the changes that affect each section at the beginning of that section and use vertical revision bars in the margins to highlight new requirements and significant changes. At the end of the Circular, there is an index. + +OMB circulars, memoranda, and bulletins, including Circular No. A–11, are available for viewing or downloading at the following address: + +https:// www.whitehouse.gov/omb/information-for-agencies/ + +Past versions of Circular No. A-11 are available for viewing at the following MAX Community website: https://community.max.gov/x/O4O9Kg + +Presidential Executive Orders are available for viewing or downloading at the following address: + +http:// www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/numeric-executive-orders.html + +The Circular contains a number of hyperlinks that link the various parts of A–11 with each other and other websites. + +Normally, A–11 is fully revised annually. In addition, the guidance is usually updated in the fall to reflect changes and clarifications since the full revision. + +## What agencies are covered by the Circular? + +This Circular applies to all Executive departments and establishments. In addition, some of the requirements apply to the Legislative and Judicial Branches, to the District of Columbia, and to Government-sponsored enterprises. + +If you want an exception to the requirements in this Circular, you must get OMB approval in advance (see section 25.2). + +## What common conventions does this Circular use? + +When the Circular refers to a specific year, assume it is a calendar year unless otherwise noted. The following phrases and abbreviations are used to identify specific fiscal years: + + + +
Fiscal YearDescription
Past year-1 (PY-1)The fiscal year immediately preceding the past year.
Past year (PY)The fiscal year immediately preceding the current year; the last completed fiscal year.
Current year (CY)The fiscal year immediately preceding the budget year.
Budget year (BY)The next fiscal year for which estimates are submitted.
Budget year + 1 (BY+1) through budget year + 9 (BY+9)The fiscal year following the budget year through the ninth fiscal year following the budget year.
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00053.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00053.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3b6e0b3a5b9115808cfee7d3f08ca9b5b9e75d8d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00053.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ + + +## EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT + +## OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET + +## WASHINGTON, D.C. 20503 + +June 28, 2019 + +CIRCULAR NO. A-11 + +REVISED + +Transmittal Memorandum No. 93 + +TO THE HEADS OF EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS AND ESTABLISHMENTS + +SUBJECT: Preparing, Submitting, and Executing the Budget + +OMB Circular No. A-11 provides guidance on preparing the FY 2021 Budget and instructions on budget execution. + +Your budget submission to OMB should build on the President's commitment to advance the vision of a Federal Government that spends taxpayer dollars more efficiently and effectively and to provide necessary services in support of key National priorities while reducing deficits. OMB looks forward to working closely with you in the coming months to develop a budget request that supports the President's vision. + +Most of the changes in this update are technical revisions and clarifications, and the policy requirements are largely unchanged. The summary of changes to the Circular highlights the changes made since last year. This Circular supersedes all previous versions. + +UwA + +Russell T. Vought + +Acting Director + + + +Enclosure + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00054.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00054.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9efb735a01f424573049779749ea9986f6d3195 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00054.md @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +TABLE OF CONTENTS + +Title Sec./Ex. No. Page + +Guide to the Circular..... xxiii +Summary of Changes..... xxvii + +## PART 1—GENERAL INFORMATION + +## Section 10—Overview of the budget process + +What is the budget?.....10.1 10-1 +What is the legal requirement to prepare the budget?.....10.2 10-1 +What kinds of information does the budget provide?.....10.3 10-2 +Which agencies does the budget cover?.....10.4 10-2 +What happens during the Federal budget process and when?.....10.5 10-3 +What is the Mid-Session Review?.....10.6 10-5 +What are the central financial agencies?.....10.7 10-6 +What are the responsibilities and functions of OMB?.....10.8 10-6 +What are the responsibilities and functions of the Treasury?.....10.9 10-6 +What are the responsibilities and functions of CBO?.....10.10 10-6 +What are the responsibilities and functions of GAO?.....10.11 10-7 +How do OMB, CBO, the Fiscal Service, and GAO responsibilities overlap?.....10.12 10-7 + +## Section 15—Basic budget laws + +What laws govern the budget cycle? ... 15.1 15-1 +Why is the Budget and Accounting Act important? ... 15.2 15-1 +How does the Congress enact the budget and how is the budget enforced? ... 15.3 15-2 +What laws govern the budget execution process when funds are actually spent? ... 15.4 15-3 +What does the GPRA Modernization Act of 2010 require? ... 15.5 15-4 +What do I need to know about the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990? ..... 15.6 15-4 + +## Section 20—Terms and concepts + +What is the purpose of this section? ... 20.1 20-2 +How do I use this section? ... 20.2 20-2 +What special terms must I know? ... 20.3 20-2 +What do I need to know about budget authority? ... 20.4 20-11 +When should I record obligations and in what amounts? ... 20.5 20-23 +What do I need to know about outlays? ... 20.6 20-27 +What do I need to know about governmental receipts, offsetting collections, and offsetting receipts? ... 20.7 20-28 +What do I need to know about cash-equivalent transactions? ... 20.8 20-35 +What do I need to know about refunds? ... 20.9 20-36 +What do I need to know about advances? ... 20.10 20-37 +What do I need to know about accounts and fund types? ... 20.11 20-37 +What do I need to know about reimbursable work? ... 20.12 20-43 +Transfers of Budgetary Resources among Federal Government Accounts ... Ex-20 20-45 + +## Section 21—Overview of Scoring Legislation + +What is scoring?.....21.1 21-1 +When does scoring occur during the budget process?.....21.2 21-1 +What are the basic concepts I need to know to score legislation?.....21.3 21-2 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00055.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00055.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..73dc190888c701c7c796b6a8130ff37038595e4c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00055.md @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +## SECTION 120—APPORTIONMENT PROCESS + +## Table of Contents + +## Introduction to Apportionments + +120.1 What is an apportionment? + +120.2 What terms and concepts should I understand to work with apportionments? + +120.3 Are apportionments made at the Treasury appropriation fund symbol (TAFS) level? + +120.4 What TAFSs are required to be apportioned? + +120.5 What TAF Ss are exempt from apportionment? + +120.6 Can a portion of my TAFS be exempt from apportionment? + +120.7 Do I need to submit an apportionment every fiscal year for TAFSs that are multi-year/no-year? + +120.8 Can I incur obligations without an apporintment? + +120.9 Can I use an apportionment to resolve legal issues about the availability of funds? + +## What is in an Apportionment? + +120.10 How is the apportionment organized? + +120.11 Why is the Budgetary Resources section needed? + +120.12 After OMB approves an apportionment, can I obligate against all budgetary resources? + +120.13 What is the format of the Applications of Budgetary Resources section and what categories does OMB use to apportion funds? + +120.14 What is the format of the Guaranteed Loan Levels and Applications section? + +120.15 What other kinds of information may an apportionment include? + +## Preparing the Apportionment Request + +120.16 How can I submit an appointment request? + +120.17 Is there a standard, set number of lines to show in an apportionment request? + +120.18 What header information at the top of the apportionment must I complete? + +120.19 What do I put in each column of the apportionment request? + +120.20 Do I need to follow special conventions to show the portion of discretionary balances in split accounts (TAFSs with both mandatory and discretionary funds)? + +120.21 Can I use amounts that include decimal points or cents in an apportionment? + +120.22 Should I use a specific numeric format in the Excel file that holds my request? + +120.23 When are apportionments due at OMB for a new fiscal year? + +120.24 When is the apportionment system open for a new fiscal year? + +120.25 Can I combine TAFSs on a single apportionment? + +120.26 Should I assemble apportionment requests for multiple TAFSs in a single package or file? +120.27 Can I cross-check information in the Budgetary Resources section? + +120.28 Who can approve the apportionment request for the agency? + +120.29 Who is responsible for preparing the apportionment request for allocation (parent/child) accounts? + +## Submitting Apportionment Requests + +120.30 How do I submit apportionment requests to OMB? + +120.31 What functions will I perform using the apportionment system? + +120.32 How do I gain access to the apportionment system? + +120.33 Are there situations when I would not use the apportionment system? diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00056.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00056.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..371c71641a4738c4ffadb756b52728328b093ad4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00056.md @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +Public Enterprise (Revolving) or Intragovernmental (Revolving) Fund - Reapportionment + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
FY 20xx AppropriationFunds provided by Public Law XXX-XXX
Line No.SplitLine DescriptionPrevious ApprovedPrev ForecastAgency RequestAgency ForecastGMB ActionGMB ForecastMemo/ Obligations
Agency: Department of Government
Bureau: Office of the Secretary
Account: R & D (003-04-1109)
TAPS: 886.X.4321
ResNo2Last Approved Appointment: 9/01/CY
RptCatNOReporting Categories
AdjAutNOAdjustment Authority provided
1000DEUnob Bal: Brought forward, Oct 183,584,884
DA(line split = DE for estimate of discretionary balances)83,583,73883,583,738
(line split = DA for actual discretionary balances)
1023Unob Bal: Applied to repay debt-20,756,800-20,756,800-20,756,800
1100BA: Disc: Appropriation4,100,0004,100,0004,100,000
17001BA: Disc: Spending auth: Collected8,000,0008,000,000
17002BA: Disc: Spending auth: Collected8,189,5008,189,500
1740BA: Disc: Spending auth:Antic colls, reimb, other69,806,30054,616,80054,616,800
1920Total budgetary resources avail (disc, and mand.)136,734,384137,733,238137,733,238
60011st quarter550,000550,000550,0001,965,425
60022nd quarter650,000650,000650,000
60033rd quarter625,000625,000625,000
60044th quarter609,600609,600609,600
6011Management services23,202,00023,202,00023,202,0006,190,625
6012Sales program11,834,00011,834,00011,834,0002,012,700
6013Power program20,980,60020,980,60020,980,6005,125,630
6182Unappropriated balance of revolving fund7828318479,282,038A179,282,038A1
6190Total budgetary resources available136,734,384137,733,238137,733,238
+ +Exhibit Notes: + +1) This exhibit only reflects lines that contain values. For a full listing of all lines, please see Appendix F1. + +2) If you don't know the amount of the unobligated balance brought forward at the time you must submit an apportionment request for an account, show an estimated amount on line 1000, and submit a reapportionment form if adjustments are required, except as specified in section 120.49. + +3) For revolving funds with indefinite borrowing authority : + +• Line 1023 includes estimates for the year of repayments of principal. + +• Line 1740 includes any credits or payments anticipated to be received. + +4) Exhibit 130E illustrates the SF 133 for this account. diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00057.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00057.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4c2d6f36ad8b2122a401949f2263db0664989af6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00057.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ + + +EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT + +OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET + +WASHINGTON, D.C. 20503 + +THE DIRECTOR + +July 15, 2016 + +M-16-17 + +MEMORANDUM TO THE HEADS OF EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES + +FROM: + +Shaun Donovan +Director + + + +SUBJECT: + +OMB Circular No. A-123, Management’s Responsibility for Enterprise Risk Management and Internal Control + +The Administration has emphasized the importance of having appropriate risk management processes and systems to identify challenges early, to bring them to the attention of Agency leadership, and to develop solutions. To that end, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is updating this Circular to ensure Federal managers are effectively managing risks an Agency faces toward achieving its strategic objectives and arising from its activities and operations. This expanded responsibilities reinforce the purposes of the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act (FMFIA) and the Government Performance and Results Act Modernization Act (GPRAMA), and support the Administration’s commitment to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of Government. + +Since 1981, OMB Circular No. A-123 (A-123) and FMFIA have been at the center of Federal requirements to improve accountability in Federal programs and operations. Over the years, government operations have changed dramatically, becoming increasingly complex and driven by changes in technology. At the same time, resources are constrained and stakeholders expect greater program integrity, efficiency and transparency into government operations. + +The policy changes in this Circular modernize existing efforts by requiring agencies to implement an Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) capability coordinated with the strategic planning and strategic review process established by GPRAMA, and the internal control processes required by FMFIA and Government Accountability Office (GAO)'s Green Book. This integrated governance structure will improve mission delivery, reduce costs, and focus corrective actions towards key risks. Implementation of this policy will engage all agency management, beyond the traditional ownership of OMB Circular No. A-123 by the Chief Financial Officer community. In particular, it will require leadership from the agency Chief Operating Officer and Performance Improvement Officer, and close collaboration across all agency mission and mission-support functions. + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00058.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00058.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bd51f3789936199720931932f2f13e9aa2253fea --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00058.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +## Analysis of Significant Changes + +The following table summarizes the significant changes reflected in this Circular based on requirements incorporated from OMB Bulletin No. 01-09, Form and Content of Agency Financial Statements, as amended by OMB Memoranda M-04-20 FY 2004 Performance and Accountability Reports and Reporting Requirements for the Financial Report of the United States Government (July 22, 2004), External Reporting Changes (December 21, 2001), and requirements for both the Accountability of Tax Dollars Act (December 6, 2002) and the Government Corporations Control Act (Sec 31 U.S.C. sec 9101 etc. seq.,). + + + + +
Section TitleSection NumberChange
A-136 Main3Effective FY 2006, Government Corporations included in accelerated reporting requirements, except for corporations who are required to report to the SEC.
4 c ivInterim Financial statements include management’s explanation of significant variances.
Guide to the Circular1.10What is required in the Performance and Accountability Report (See Section 2.2)
General2.2Format of the PAR added to provide guidance on reporting requirements and layout of the report.
Financial StatementsVariousLines on the Balance Sheet, the Statement of Net Cost, the Statement of Changes in Net Position, and the Statement of Budgetary Resources, have been added, deleted, renamed, separated or combined. These changes were made to more clearly describe the activity reported in the lines, to improve the linkage between the statements, and with the Budget of the United States Government.
Annual Financial Statement Instructions2.1Modified instructions for preparing the Annual Financial Statements to clarify guidance; reduce redundant disclosures; and to ensure consistency with the Statements of Federal Financial Accounting Standards, other OMB circulars, etc.
Part AForm and Content of the Performance and Accountability Report, separate section added.
Balance Sheet3.1Included effective date for SFFAS 27, definition of earmarked funds, and instructions regarding prior periods in initial year of implementation for SFFAS 27 (Effective FY 2006).
3.2Added separate illustrative statements for FY 2005 and for FY 2006. For FY 2006, added separate lines for cumulative results of operations and unexpended appropriations for earmarked funds to implement SFFAS 27 (Effective FY 2006).
3.3Revised description of General PP&E for SFFAS 23, which eliminated the category of National Defense PP&E.
3.5Added requirements for unexpended appropriations and cumulative results of operations for earmarked funds to implement SFFAS 27 (Effective FY 2006).
Statement of Net Cost4.1Changed definition of Intragovernmental and public costs to align with the
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00059.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00059.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3b07c00dc3e1e6baa6400c6f166198ab0c51c0d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00059.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +## INVENTORY PROCESS + +## A. INVENTORY REQUIREMENTS. + +1. Agency Inventories. An agency shall prepare two annual inventories that categorize all activities performed by government personnel as either commercial or inherently governmental. + +2. Annual Requirement. By June 30 of each year, an agency shall submit the following by electronic mail (e-mail) to OMB (a) an inventory of commercial activities performed by government personnel; (b) an inventory of inherently governmental activities performed by government personnel; and (c) an inventory summary report. An agency may provide aggregate data for uniformed services personnel and foreign nationals performing inherently governmental activities. For annual inventories, an agency shall use the format and data requirements found at the OMB web site (www.OMB.gov). + +3. OMB Review and Consultation. OMB shall, on an annual basis, review both agency inventories and consult with the agency regarding the content of both agency inventories. + +4. Congressional and Public Notification. After OMB review and consultation, an agency shall make both inventories available to Congress and the public unless the inventory information is classified or otherwise protected for national security reasons. OMB shall publish a notice of availability in the Federal Register. + +5. Inventory Summary Report. An agency shall submit an annual inventory summary in the format in Figure A1, to identify aggregate data. The total of the two agency inventories shall reasonably equate to an agency’s authorized personnel requirements. An agency shall make the annual inventory summary report available to the public unless the inventory information is classified or otherwise protected for national security reasons. + +
Fiscal Year XXXX Annual Inventory Summary
AGENCY:COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY INVENTORYInherently Governmental INVENTORY
FAIR ActUninformed ServicesForeign NationalsOtherTOTALInherently Governmental*Uninformed ServicesForeign NationalsTOTAL
Agency Component A
Agency Component B
AGENCY TOTAL
*Minus uninformed services personnel and foreign nationals
+ +Figure A1. + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00060.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00060.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7364ad793d4a86cc0cde4d745f04950bcd596586 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00060.md @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +MEMORANDUM FOR HEADS OF EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS AND ESTABLISHMENTS + +SUBJECT: Guidelines and Discount Rates for Benefit-Cost Analysis of Federal Programs + +Table of Contents + +Page + +1. Purpose ..... 1 +2. Rescission ..... 2 +3. Authority ..... 2 +4. Scope ..... 2 +5. General Principles ..... 3 +a. Net Present Value and Related Outcome Measures +b. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis +c. Elements of Benefit-Cost or Cost-Effectiveness Analysis +6. Identifying and Measuring Benefits and Costs ..... 5 +a. Identifying Benefits and Costs +b. Measuring Benefits and Costs +7. Treatment of Inflation ..... 6 +a. Real or Nominal Values +b. Recommended Inflation Assumption +8. Discount Rate Policy +a. Relevant Nominal Discount Rates +b. Public Investment and Regulatory Analyses +c. Cost-Effectiveness, Lease-Purchase, Internal Government Investment, and Asset Sale Analyses +9. Treatment of Uncertainty ..... 10 +a. Characterizing Uncertainty +b. Expected Values +c. Sensitivity Analysis +d. Other Adjustments for Uncertainty +10. Incidence and Distributional Effects ..... 11 +a. Alternative Classifications +b. Economic Incidence +11. Special Guidance for Public Investment Analysis +a. Analysis of Excess Burdens +b. Exceptions +12. Special Guidance for Regulatory Impact Analysis +13. Special Guidance for Lease-Purchase Analysis ..... 12 +a. Coverage +b. Required Justification for Leases +c. Analytical Requirements and Definitions +14. Related Guidance ..... 16 +15. Implementation ..... 16 +16. Effective Date ..... 16 +17. Interpretation ..... 16 +Appendix A: Definitions of Terms ..... 17 +Appendix B: Additional Guidance for Discounting ..... 20 +Appendix C: Discount Rates for Cost-Effectiveness, Lease-Purchase, and Related Analyses ..... 22 + +1. Purpose. The goal of this Circular is to promote efficient resource allocation through well-informed decision-making by the Federal Government. It + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00061.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00061.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d4e08a91e7c8fa2f4bff960a246c4fc83c0c5917 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00061.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +provide general guidance for conducting benefit-cost and cost-effectiveness analyses. It also provides specific guidance on the discount rates to be used in evaluating Federal programs whose benefits and costs are distributed over time. The general guidance will serve as a checklist of whether an agency has considered and properly dealt with all the elements for sound benefit-cost and cost-effectiveness analyses. + +2. Rescission. This Circular replaces and rescinds Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular No. A-94, "Discount Rates to Be Used in Evaluating Time-Distributed Costs and Benefits," dated March 27, 1972, and Circular No. A-104, "Evaluating Leases of Capital Assets," dated June 1, 1986, which has been rescinded. Lease-purchase analysis is only appropriate after a decision has been made to acquire the services of an asset. Guidance for lease-purchase analysis is provided in Section 8.c.(2) and Section 13. + +3. Authority. This Circular is issued under the authority of 31 U.S.C. Section 1111 and the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, as amended. + +4. Scope. This Circular does not supersede agency practices which are prescribed by or pursuant to law, Executive Order, or other relevant circulars. The Circular's guidelines are suggested for use in the internal planning of Executive Branch agencies. The guidelines must be followed in all analyses submitted to OMB in support of legislative and budget-programs in compliance with OMB Circulars No. A-11, "Preparation and Submission of Annual Budget Estimates," and No. A-19, "Legislative Coordination and Clearance." These guidelines must also be followed in providing estimates submitted to OMB in compliance with Executive Order No. 12291, "Federal Regulation," and the President's April 29, 1992 memorandum requiring benefit-cost analysis for certain legislative proposals. + +a. Aside from the exceptions listed below, the guidelines in this Circular apply to any analysis used to support Government decisions to initiate, renew, or expand programs or projects which would result in a series of measurable benefits or costs extending for three or more years into the future. The Circular applies specifically to: + +(1) Benefit-cost or cost-effectiveness analysis of Federal programs or policies. + +(2) Regulatory impact analysis. + +(3) Analysis of decisions whether to lease or purchase. + +(4) Asset valuation and sale analysis. + +b. Specifically exempted from the scope of this Circular are decisions concerning: + +(1) Water resource projects (guidance for which is the approved Economic and Environmental Principles and Guidelines for Water and Related Land Resources Implementation Studies). + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00062.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00062.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fcf30f067c876aef3f650a0a7dea10090fff5686 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00062.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +January 2004 + +## Principles of Federal Appropriations Law + +## Third Edition + +## Volume I + +As of September 14, 2017, chapters 1, 2, and 3 of the Fourth Edition of Principles of Federal Appropriations Law supersede chapters 1 through 4 of the Third Edition of Principles of Federal Appropriations Law. Chapters 5 through 15 of the Third Edition of Principles of Federal Appropriations Law, in conjunction with GAO, Principles of Federal Appropriations Law: Annual Update to the Third Edition, remain the most currently available material on the topics discussed therein. All current chapters and the Annual Update to the Third Edition are available at www.gao.gov/legal/red-book/overview. + +This volume supersedes the Volume I, Second Edition of the Principles of Federal Appropriations Law, 1991. + +The Security of this file is set to prevent a situation where linked references are appended to the PDF. If this change prevents an Acrobat function you need (e.g., to extract pages), use the password "redbook" to revise the document security and enable the additional functions. diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00063.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00063.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..09e40657c209d7823261496a717b7a2d60f48dc9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00063.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + + + +## FASAB + +FEDERAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ADVISORY BOARD + +## FASAB Handbook of Federal Accounting Standards and Other Pronouncements, as Amended + +as of June 30, 2021 + +SFFAC 1-9 + +SFFAS 1-59 + +Interpretations 1-10 + +Technical Bulletins + +Technical Releases 1-19 + +Staff Implementation Guidance + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00064.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00064.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d5caacac426022498473efd18baf127ac664dbfb --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00064.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +RECONCILIATION EXAMPLE + +For the year ended September 30, 201X + + + +
Intra-governmentalWith the publicTotal FY 201X
NET COST$xxx$xxx$xxx
Components of Net Cost That Are Not Part of Net Outlays:
Property, plant, and equipment depreciationxxxxxxxxx
Property, plant, and equipment disposal & valuationxxxxxxxxx
Year-end credit reform subsidy re-estimatesxxxxxxxxx
Unrealized valuation loss/(gain) on investmentsxxxxxxxxx
Increase/(decrease) in assets:
Accounts receivablexxxxxxxxx
Loans receivablexxxxxxxxx
Investmentsxxxxxxxxx
Other assetsxxxxxxxxx
(Increase)/decrease in liabilities:
Accounts payablexxxxxxxxx
Salaries and benefitsxxxxxxxxx
Insurance and guarantee program liabilitiesxxxxxxxxx
Environmental and disposal liabilitiesxxxxxxxxx
Other liabilities (Unfunded leave, Unfunded FECA, Actuarial FECA)xxxxxxxxx
Other financing sources:xxxxxxxxx
Federal employee retirement benefit costs paid by OPM and imputed to the agencyxxxxxxxxx
Transfers out (in) without reimbursementxxxxxxxxx
Other imputed financingxxxxxxxxx
Total Components of Net Cost That Are Not Part of Net Outlaysxxxxxxxxx
Components of Net Outlays That Are Not Part of Net Cost:
Effect of prior year agencies credit reform subsidy re-estimatesxxxxxxxxx
Acquisition of capital assetsxxxxxxxxx
diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00065.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00065.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7bf8c739592eadd721bdb1ccae4d5e49516d6b4c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00065.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards + +Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards 1. Accounting for Selected Assets and Liabilities + +Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards 2: Accounting for Direct Loans and Loan Guarantees + +Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards 3: Accounting for Inventory and Related Property + +Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards 4: Managerial Cost Accounting Standards and Concepts + +Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards 5: Accounting for Liabilities of The Federal Government + +Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards 6. Accounting for Property, Plant, and Equipment + +Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards 7: Accounting for Revenue and Other Financing Sources and Concepts for Reconciling Budgetary and Financial Accounting + +Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards 8: Supplementary Stewardship Reporting + +Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards 9: Deferral of the Effective Date of Managerial Cost Accounting Standards for the Federal Government in SFFAS No. 4 + +Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards 10: Accounting for Internal Use Software + +Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards 11: Amendments to Accounting for Property, Plant, and Equipment - Definitional Changes - Amending SFFAS 6 and SFFAS 8 Accounting for Property, Plant, and Equipment and Supplementary Stewardship Reporting (Rescinded) + +Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards 12: Recognition of Contingent Liabilities Arising from Litigation: An Amendment of SFFAS 5, Accounting for Liabilities of the Federal Government + +Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards 13: Deferral of Paragraph 65.2—Material Revenue-Related Transactions Disclosures + +Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards 14: Amendments to Deferred Maintenance Reporting Amending SFFAS 6, Accounting for Property, Plant and Equipment and SFFAS 8, Supplementary Stewardship Reporting (Rescinded) + +Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards 15: + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00066.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00066.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e89d3823de1caf34c8ed01b623296adad9e820f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00066.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +1996—Pub. L. 104–92 temporarily amended section by inserting “All officers and employees of the United States Government or the District of Columbia government shall be deemed to be performing services relating to emergencies involving the safety of human life or the protection of property,” after first sentence and by striking out at end “As used in this section, the term ‘emergencies involving the safety of human life or the protection of property’ does not include ongoing, regular functions of government the suspension of which would not imminently threaten the safety of human life or the protection of property”. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1996 Amendment note below. + +1990—Pub. L. 101–508 inserted at end "As used in this section, the term 'emergencies involving the safety of human life or the protection of property' does not include ongoing, regular functions of government the suspension of which would not imminently threaten the safety of human life or the protection of property." + +## Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries + +## EFFECTIVE AND TERMINATION DATES OF 1996 AMENDMENT + +Pub. L. 104–92, title III, §310(a), Jan. 6, 1996, 110 Stat. 20, provided that the amendment made by that section is for the period Dec. 15, 1995, through Jan. 26, 1996. + +## §1343. Buying and leasing passenger motor vehicles and aircraft + +(a) In this section, buying a passenger motor vehicle or aircraft includes a transfer of the vehicle or aircraft between agencies. + +(b) An appropriation may be expended to buy or lease passenger motor vehicles only— + +(1) for the use of— + +(A) the President; +(B) the secretaries to the President; or +(C) the heads of executive departments listed in section 101 of title 5; or + +(2) as specifically provided by law. + +(c)(1) Except as specifically provided by law, an agency may use an appropriation to buy a passenger motor vehicle (except a bus or ambulance) only at a total cost (except costs required only for transportation) that— + +(A) includes the price of systems and equipment the Administrator of General Services decides is incorporated customarily in standard passenger motor vehicles completely equipped for ordinary operation; +(B) includes the value of a vehicle used in exchange; +(C) is not more than the maximum price established by the agency having authority under law to establish a maximum price; and +(D) is not more than the amount specified in a law. + +(2) Additional systems and equipment may be bought for a passenger motor vehicle if the Administrator decides the purchase is appropriate. The price of additional systems or equipment is not included in deciding whether the cost of the vehicle is within a maximum price specified in a law. + +(d) An appropriation (except an appropriation for the armed forces) is available to buy, maintain, or operate an aircraft only if the appropriation specifically authorizes the purchase, maintenance, or operation. + +(e) This section does not apply to— + +(1) buying, maintaining, and repairing passenger motor vehicles by the United States Capitol Police: + +(2) buying, maintaining, and repairing vehicles necessary to carry out projects to improve, preserve, and protect rivers and harbors; or + +(3) leasing, maintaining, repairing, or operating motor passenger vehicles necessary in the field work of the Department of Agriculture. + +(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 924.) + +HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES + +
Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)
1434(a)31:638a(e).July 16, 1914, ch. 141, §5(a), (b), (e), 38 Stat. 508; restated Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, §16(a), 60 Stat. 810, 811.
1434(b)31:638a(a).
1434(c)31:638a(c)(1).July 16, 1914, ch. 141, §5(c)(1), 38 Stat. 508; Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, §16(a), 60 Stat. 810;
diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00067.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00067.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7653645a2387aa5ee6747338744942f5b035d057 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00067.md @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ +Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts: + +Pub. L. 117–328, div. E, title VII, §702, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 4704. + +Pub. L. 117–103, div. E, title VII, §702, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 293. + +Pub. L. 116–260, div. E, title VII, §702, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1430. + +Pub. L. 116–93, div. C, title VII, §702, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2484. + +Pub. L. 116–6, div. D, title VII, §702, Feb. 15, 2019, 133 Stat. 187. + +Pub. L. 115–141, div. E, title VII, §702, Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 588. + +Pub. L. 115–31, div. E, title VII, §702, May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 377. + +Pub. L. 114–113, div. E, title VII, §702, Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2473 + +Pub. L. 113–235, div. E, title VII, §702, Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2379 + +Pub. L. 113–76, div. E, title VII, §702, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 230 + +Pub. L. 112–74, div. C, title VII, §702, Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 928. + +Pub. L. 111–117, div. C, title VII, §702, Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3205. + +Pub. L. 111–8, div. D, title VII, §702, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 680. + +Pub. L. 110–161, div. D, title VII, §703, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2019. + +Pub. L. 109–115, div. A, title VIII, §803, Nov. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2495. + +Pub. L. 108–447, div. H, title VI, §603, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3272. + +Pub. L. 108–199, div. F, title VI, §603, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 350. + +Pub. L. 108–7, div. J, title VI, §603, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 463. + +Pub. L. 107–67, title VI, §603, Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 545. + +Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(3) [title VI, §603], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A-155. + +Pub. L. 106–58, title VI, §603, Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 466. + +Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(h) [title VI, §604], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–480, 2681-513. + +Pub. L. 105–61, title VI, §604, Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1308. + +Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §604], Sept. 30, 1996. 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009-353. + +Pub. L. 104–52, title VI, §604, Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 497. + +Pub. L. 103–329, title VI, §604, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2416. + +Pub. L. 103–123, title VI, §604, Oct. 28, 1993, 107 Stat. 1259. + +Pub. L. 102–393, title VI, §605, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1766. + +Pub. L. 102–141, title VI, §605, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 868. + +Pub. L. 101–509, title VI, §601, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1470. + +Pub. L. 101–136, title VI, §601, Nov. 3, 1989, 103 Stat. 816. + +Pub. L. 100–440, title VI, §601, Sept. 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 1751. + +Pub. L. 100–202, §101(m) [title VI, §601], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–390, 1329–419. + +Pub. L. 99–500, §101(m) [title VI, §601], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–308, 1783-328, and Pub. L. 99–591 + +§101(m) [title VI, §601], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–308, 3341-328. + +Pub. L. 99–190, §101(h) [H.R. 3036, title VI, §601], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1291. + +Pub. L. 98–473, title I, §101(j) [H.R. 5798, title VI, §602], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1963. + +Pub. L. 98–151, §101(f) [H.R. 4139, title VI, §602], Nov. 14, 1983, 97 Stat. 973. + +Pub. L. 97–377, title I, §101(a) [H.R. 7158, title VI, §602], Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1830. + +Pub. L. 97–92, §101(a) [H.R. 4121, title VI, §602], Dec. 15, 1981, 95 Stat. 1183. + +Pub. L. 96–536, §113, Dec. 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 3171. + +Pub. L. 96–74, title VI, §601, Sept. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 573. + +Pub. L. 95–429, title VI, §601, Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1015. + +Pub. L. 95–81, title VI, §601, July 31, 1977, 91 Stat. 354. + +Pub. L. 94–363, title VI, §601, July 14, 1976, 90 Stat. 977. + +Pub. L. 94–91, title VI, §601, Aug. 9, 1975, 89 Stat. 458. + +Pub. L. 93–381, title VI, §601, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 630. + +Pub. L. 93–143, title VI, §601, Oct. 30, 1973, 87 Stat. 524. + +Pub. L. 92–351, title VI, §601, July 13, 1972, 86 Stat. 487. + +Pub. L. 92–49, title VI, §601, July 9, 1971, 85 Stat. 122. + +Pub. L. 91–144, title V, §501, Dec. 11, 1969, 83 Stat. 336. + +Pub. L. 90–479, title V, §501, Aug. 12, 1968, 82 Stat. 717. + +Pub. L. 90–147, title V, §501, Nov. 20, 1967, 81 Stat. 482. + +Pub. L. 89–689, title V, §501, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 1014. + +Pub. L. 89–299, title V, §501, Oct. 28, 1965, 79 Stat. 1108. + +Pub. L. 88–511, title V, §501, Aug. 30, 1964, 78 Stat. 693. + +Pub. L. 88–257, title V, §501, Dec. 31, 1963, 77 Stat. 855. + +Pub. L. 87–880, title V, §501, Oct. 24, 1962, 76 Stat. 1227. + +Pub. L. 87–125, title V, §501, Aug. 3, 1961, 75 Stat. 282. + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00068.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00068.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..15181c2256b60ae708ffdf62e749b71234f04f2b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00068.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +1 whether a failure to exercise reasonable care in + +2 carrying out duties led to the violation"; + +3 (C) by striking "Congress" each place it + +4 appears and inserting "the appropriate congress- + +5 sional committees"; and + +6 (D) by adding at the end the following: + +7 "(b) In this section, the term 'appropriate congress- + +8 sional committees' means the Committee on Oversight and + +9 Government Reform of the House of Representatives and + +10 the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental + +11 Affairs of the Senate." + +12 (A) PORTIONMENT— + +13 (1) In GENERAL, SECTION 1518 of title 31, + +14 United States Code, is amended as follows: + +15 "(A) by striking "an officer" and inserting + +16 "(a) Consistent with the requirements of sub- + +17 sections (b) and (c), an officer"; and + +18 (B) by adding at the end the following: + +19 "(b)(1) The head of an agency shall remove, or in + +20 case the head of a permanent or probationary employee, termi- + +21 nate the employee, if the head determines that the + +22 United States Government officer the head removes of + +23 such officer or employee knowingly made, authorized, or + +24 involved the Government in a contract, obligation, or ex- + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00069.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00069.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4999a7b254c0f9d6b1f468100c4aaba31d8e4d8f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00069.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +## THE BUDGET AND ACCOUNTING ACT + + + +A compilation of the 1921 Act as amended and extended by the Budget and Accounting Procedures Act of 1950, and other amendments through the 89th Congress, 1st Session. diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00070.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00070.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..47a0e1fbd68fee5dee7354d7410e8cb0f11c75eb --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00070.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +SEC. 208. (a) The Director, under such rules and regulations as the President may prescribe, shall appoint and fix the compensation of 13/attorneys and other employees and make expenditures for rent in the District of Columbia, printing, binding, telegrams, telephone service, law books, books of reference, periodicals, stationery, furniture, office equipment, other supplies, and necessary expenses of the office, within the appropriations made therefor. + +SEC. 208 (b), (c), (d), and (e) 14/ + +SEC. 209. The Bureau, when directed by the President, shall make a detailed study of the departments and establishments for the purpose of enabling the President to determine what changes [with a view of securing greater economy and efficiency in the conduct of the public service] should be made in (1) the existing organization, activities, and methods of business of such departments or establishments, (2) the appropriations therefor, (3) the assignment of particular activities to particular services, or (4) the regrouping of services. The results of such study shall be embodied in a report or reports to the President, who may transmit to Congress such report or reports or any part thereof with his recommendations on the matters covered thereby.157 + +SEC. 210.$\frac{^{16/}}{}$ + +SEC.211.$\frac{^{17/}}{}$ + +SEC. 212. The bureau shall, at the request of any committee of either House of Congress having jurisdiction over revenue or appropriations, furnish the committee such aid and information as it may request. + +SEC. 213. Under such regulations as the President may prescribe, (1) every department and establishment shall furnish to the Bureau such information as the Bureau may from time to time require, and (2) the Director and the [Assistant] Deputy/Director, or any employee of the Bureau when duly authorized, shall, for the purpose of securing such information, have access to, and the right to examine, any books, documents, papers, or records of any such department or establishment. + +13/Subject to Public Law 429, 81st Cong., as amended (63 Stat. 954, 973) + +14/ Subsections (b), (c), (d), and (e) relating to appointment and compensation of certain employees of the Bureau of the Budget omitted. + +16/ This section relating to preparation of material during 1921 omitted from this compilation as obsolete. + +17/ This section relating to duties of Division of Bookkeeping and Warrants omitted as obsolete. The Division and functions were transferred to Bureau of Accounts, Fiscal Service, Treasury Dept., by Reorganization Plan No. III (54 Stat. 1231). + +18/ See footnote 10, supra. + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00071.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00071.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..57e943422f3f96f8855a65d3bce4fcca6b4943c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00071.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +THE BUDGET AND ACCOUNTING ACT, 1921. + +AS AMENDED + +A compilation of the 1921 Act as amended and extended by the Budget and Accounting Procedures Act of 1950, and other amendments through the 89th Congress, 1st Session. + +Prepared by the staff of The + +Legislative Digest Section + +UNITED STATES GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE + +Office of the General Counsel + +February 1966 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00072.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00072.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65ce0cabea7f0aa5b12ae5ccc6776793fa52a309 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00072.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +PUBLIC LAW 13-67th CONGRESS + +CHAPTER 18—1st SESSION + +S.1084 + +42 Stat. 20 + +31 U.S.C. I + +Deletions are shown in brackets and +new material is in italics. + +## AN ACT + +To provide a national budget system and an independent audit of Government accounts, and for other purposes. + +Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled. + +$$ +\text{TITLE }\leftarrow\text{DEFINITIONS} +$$ + +SEC. I. This Act may be cited as the "Budget and Accounting Act, 1921." + +SEC. 2. When used in this Act-- + +The terms "department and establishment" and "department or establishment" mean any executive department, independent commission, board, bureau, office, agency, or other establishment of the Government, including any independent regulatory commission or board and/or the municipal government of the District of Columbia, but do not include the Legislative Branch of the Government or the Supreme Court of the United States; + +The term "the Budget" means the Budget required by section 201 to be transmitted to Congress; + +The term "Bureau" means the Bureau of the Budget; + +The term "Director" means the Director of the Bureau of the Budget; + +The term ["Assistant Director"] "Deputy Director" means the ["Assistant Director"] Deputy Director of the Bureau of the Budget; and + +The term "appropriations" includes, in appropriate context, funds and authorizations to create obligations by contract in advance of appropriations, or any other authority making fund available for obligation or expenditure. + +1/ Added by Sec. 201, Public Law 19, 76th Congress (53 Stat. 561, 565) + +2/ Act of July 31, 1953, Public Law 176, 83rd Congress (67 Stat. 298, 299) + +3/ Added by Sec. 101, Public Law 784, 81st Congress (64 Stat. 832) + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00073.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00073.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..63d1ac073408e230f8e80e392f4c4795bae80c2c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00073.md @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +Public Law 93-344 + +AN ACT + +To establish a new congressional budget process; to establish Committees on the Budget in each House; to establish a Congressional Budget Office; to establish a procedure providing congressional control over the impoundment of funds by the executive branch; and for other purposes. + +Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, + +SHORT TITLES; TABLE OF CONTENTS + +Section 1. (a) Short Titles.—This Act may be cited as the “Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974”. Titles I through IX may be cited as the “Congressional Budget Act of 1974”, and title X may be cited as the “Impoundment Control Act of 1974”. + +(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.— + +Sec. 1. Short titles: table of contents. + +Sec. 2. Declaration of purposes. + +Sec. 3. Definitions. + +TITLE I—ESTABLISHMENT OF HOUSE AND SENATE BUDGET COMMITTEES + +Sec. 101. Budget Committee of the House of Representatives. + +Sec. 102. Budget Committee of the Senate. + +## TITLE II—CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE + +Sec. 201. Establishment of Office. + +Sec. 202. Duties and functions. + +Sec. 203. Public access to budget data. + +## TITLE III—CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET PROCESS + +Sec. 300. Timetable. + +Sec. 301. Adoption of first concurrent resolution. + +Sec. 302. Matters to be included in joint statement of managers; reports by committees. + +Sec. 303. First concurrent resolution on the budget must be adopted before legislation providing new budget authority, new spending authority, or changes in revenues or public debt limit is considered. + +Sec. 304. Permissible revisions of concurrent resolutions on the budget. + +See. 305. Provisions relating to the consideration of concurrent resolutions on the budget. + +Sec. 306. Legislation dealing with congressional budget must be handled by budget committees. + +Sec. 307. House committee action on all appropriation bills to be completed before first appropriation bill is reported. + +Sec. 308. Reports, summaries, and projections of congressional budget actions. + +Sec. 309. Completion of action on bills providing new budget authority and certain new spending authority. + +Sec. 310. Second required concurrent resolution and reconciliation process. + +Sec. 311. New budget authority, new spending authority, and revenue legislation must be within appropriate levels. + +TITLE IV—ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS TO IMPROVE FISCAL + +## PROCEDURES + +Sec. 401. Bills providing new spending authority. + +Sec. 402. Reporting of authorizing legislation. + +Sec. 403. Analyses by Congressional Budget Office. + +Sec. 404. Jurisdiction of Appropriations Committees. + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00074.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00074.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..483c96cc4854eb4ab90edaf29b6ee0000e576abe --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00074.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +## 9. RESOLUTION OF DISAGREEMENTS + +Nothing herein is intended to conflict with current DOC or [name of other agency] directives. If the terms of this agreement are inconsistent with existing directives of either of the agencies entering into this agreement, then those portions of this agreement which are determined to be inconsistent shall be invalid, but the remaining terms and conditions not affected by the inconsistency shall remain in full force and effect. At the first opportunity for review of the agreement, all necessary changes will be accomplished either by an amendment to this agreement or by entering into a new agreement, whichever is deemed expedient to the interest of both parties. + +[Add Dispute Resolution Provision per OMB Requirements:] + +"Disputes shall be resolved pursuant to applicable provisions of the Business Rules for Intragovernmental Transactions delineated in the Treasury Financial Manual, Vol. 1, Bulletin 2007-03, Section VII (Resolving Intragovernmental Disputes and Major Differences)." + +[signature--must be an official with + +authority to sign Economy Act Agreements] + +*[typed name]* + +[typed title] + +[typed office at DOC] + +U.S. Department of Commerce + +[typed address] + +[date] + +[signature of person who has authority to + +commit other party to the Economy Act Agreement] + +*[typed name]* + +[typed title] + +[typed name of other agency] + +[typed address of other agency] + +[date] + +Attachment + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00075.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00075.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cd7093eec45b0a2f76cd4c93a2ee9cc11e2e28ee --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00075.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +## DETERMINATIONS AND FINDINGS PURSUANT TO 48 CFR 17.503 + +## [Name of DOC office] warrants: + +____ that sufficient funding amounts are available; + +____ that this agreement is in the best interest of the United States Government; and + +____ that the services requested cannot be provided by contract as conveniently or cheaply by a commercial enterprise. [NOTE: place a check in each space for each finding to indicate it has been substantiated.] + +It has been determined that this Economy Act order: + +____ does not require contracting action by the servicing agency; or + +____ does require contracting action by the servicing agency and that one of the following circumstances exists: + +____ the acquisition will appropriately be made under an existing contract of the servicing agency, entered into before placement of the order, to meet the requirements of the servicing agency for the same or similar supplies or services; + +____ the servicing agency has capabilities or expertise to enter into a contract for such supplies or services which is not available within the requesting agency; or + +____ the servicing agency is specifically authorized by law or regulation, i.e., [set forth the citation for the law or regulation], to purchase such supplies or services on behalf of other agencies. [NOTE: place a check in each space above that applies.] + +[name of DOC official who has authority to sign this D&F, i.e., either a contracting officer or other official designated by the agency to sign the D&F] +[title and office] +U.S. Department of Commerce +Date: ____________ + + +$^{3}$ If the servicing agency is not covered by the Federal Acquisition Regulations, approval of the D&F may not be delegated below the senior procurement executive of the Department. + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00076.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00076.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0c108ca7e53c63028ad170be3a3deaee35621dc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00076.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +be the chief legal officer of the Department. + +(b) Inspector General—There shall be in the Department an Office of Inspector General and an Inspector General at the head of such office, as provided in the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.). + +(c) [Commandant of the Coast Guard] + +(d) [Other officers] + +(e) [Chief Financial Officer] + +(f) Performance of specific functions—Subject to the provisions of this chapter, every officer of the Department shall perform the functions specified by law for the official’s office or prescribed by the Secretary. + +## §238. Office for Domestic Preparedness + +(a) In general—The Office for Domestic Preparedness shall be within the Directorate of Border and Transportation Security. + +(b) [Director] + +(c) Responsibilities—The Office for Domestic Preparedness shall have the primary responsibility within the executive branch of Government for the preparedness of the United States for acts of terrorism, including— + +(1) coordinating preparedness efforts at the Federal level, and working with all State, local, tribal, parish, and private sector emergency response providers on all matters pertaining to combating terrorism, including training, exercises, and equipment support; + +(2) coordinating or, as appropriate, consolidating communications and systems of communications relating to homeland security at all levels of government; + +(3) directing and supervising terrorism preparedness grant programs of the Federal Government (other than those programs administered by the Department of Health and Human Services) for all emergency response providers; + +(4) incorporating the Strategy priorities into planning guidance on an agency level for the preparedness efforts of the Office for Domestic Preparedness; + +(5) providing agency-specific training for agents and analysts within the Department, other agencies, and State and local agencies and international entities; + +(6) as the lead executive branch agency for preparedness of the United States for acts of terrorism, cooperating closely with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, which shall have the primary responsibility within the executive branch to prepare for and mitigate the effects of nonterrorist-related disasters in the United States; + +(7) assisting and supporting the Secretary, in coordination with other Directorates and entities outside the Department, in conducting appropriate risk analysis and risk management activities of State, local, and tribal governments consistent with the mission and functions of the Directorate; + +(8) those elements of the Office of National Preparedness of the Federal Emergency Management Agency which relate to terrorism, which shall be consolidated within the Department in the Office for Domestic Preparedness established under this section; and + +(9) helping to ensure the acquisition + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00077.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00077.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cd2ffd8122d7871ed3dffbb18889bd4830867ae2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00077.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +and necessary to facilitate the audit shall be made available to the person or persons conducting the audit and full facilities for verifying transactions with the balances or securities held by depositors, fiscal agents, and custodians shall be afforded to such person or persons. + +(b) A report of the audit shall be made by the corporation to the Congress within six months after the fiscal year for which the audit is made. The report shall set forth the scope of the audit and shall include a verification by the person or persons conducting the audit of statements of (1) assets and liabilities, (2) capital and surplus or deficit, (3) surplus or deficit analysis, (4) income and expense, and (5) sources and application of funds. The report shall not be printed as a public document. + +## DISSOLUTION + +Sec. 15. Upon final dissolution or liquidation of the corporation, and after the discharge or satisfaction of all outstanding obligations and liabilities, the remaining assets of the corporation shall be deposited in the Treasury of the United States as a miscellaneous receipt. + +## QUALIFICATIONS OF MEMBERS AND OFFICERS + +Sec. 16. No person who is a member of, or who advocates the principles of, any organization believing in, or working for, the overthrow of the United States Government by force or violence, and no person who refuses to uphold and defend the Constitution of the United States, shall be privileged to become, or continue to be, a member, director, or officer of the corporation. + +## EXCLUSIVE RIGHT TO NAME + +Sec. 17. The corporation shall have the sole and exclusive right to use the name, “The Foundation of the Federal Bar Association”. + +## DEFINITIONS + +Sec. 18. As used in this Act the word "State" includes the District of Columbia. + +RESERVATION OF THE RIGHT TO AMEND AND REPEAL CHARTER + +Sec. 19. The right to repeal, alter, or amend this Act at any time is hereby expressly reserved to the Congress. + +Approved August 24, 1954. + +Public Law 663 + +CHAPTER 935 + +## AN ACT + +Making supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1955, and for other purposes. + +Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the following sums are appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to supply supplemental appropriations (this Act may be cited as the “Supplemental Appropriation Act, 1955”) for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1955, and for other purposes, namely: + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00078.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00078.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eb4f1945f128e71ae28a10cf5153576d4c24ba78 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00078.md @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +## Title 2 — Federal Financial Assistance + +Subtitle A —Office of Management and Budget Guidance for Federal Financial Assistance +Chapter II —Office of Management and Budget Guidance + +Part 200 Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements for Federal Awards + +Subpart A Acronyms and Definitions + +Acronyms + +§ 200.0 Acronyms. + +§ 200.1 Definitions. + +Subpart B General Provisions + +§ 200.100 Purpose. + +§ 200.101 Applicability. + +§ 200.102 Exceptions. + +§ 200.103 Authorities. + +§ 200.104 Supersession. + +§ 200.105 Effect on other issuances. + +§ 200.106 Agency implementation. + +§ 200.107 OMB responsibilities. + +§ 200.108 Inquiries. + +§ 200.109 Review date. + +§ 200.110 Effective date. + +§ 200.111 English language. + +§ 200.112 Conflict of interest. + +§ 200.113 Mandatory disclosures. + +Subpart C Pre-Federal Award Requirements and Contents of Federal Awards + +§ 200.200 Purpose. + +§ 200.201 Use of grants, cooperative agreements, fixed amount awards, and contracts. + +§ 200.202 Program planning and design. + +§ 200.203 Requirement to provide public notice of Federal financial assistance programs. + +§ 200.204 Notices of funding opportunities. + +§ 200.205 Federal agency review of merit of proposals. + +§ 200.206 Federal agency review of risk posed by applicants. + +§ 200.207 Standard application requirements. + +§ 200.208 Specific conditions. + +§ 200.209 Certifications and representations. + +§ 200.210 Pre-award costs. + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00079.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00079.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..60e65541452e4f46de014c4e112e2d4ecacd850c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00079.md @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +§ 200.211 Information contained in a Federal award. + +§ 200.212 Public access to Federal award information. + +§ 200.213 Reporting a determination that an applicant is not qualified for a Federal award. + +§ 200.214 Suspension and debarment. + +§ 200.215 Never contract with the enemy. + +$§ 200.216$ Prohibition on certain telecommunications and video surveillance equipment or services. + +§ 200.217 Whistleblower protections. + +Subpart D Post Federal Award Requirements + +§ 200.300 Statutory and national policy requirements. + +§ 200.301 Performance measurement. + +§ 200.302 Financial management. + +§ 200.303 Internal controls. + +§ 200.304 Bonds. + +§ 200.305 Federal payment. + +§ 200.306 Cost sharing. + +§ 200.307 Program income. + +§ 200.308 Revision of budget and program plans. + +§ 200.309 Modifications to Period of Performance. + +Property Standards + +§ 200.310 Insurance coverage. + +§ 200.311 Real property. + +§ 200.312 Federally owned and exempt property. + +§ 200.313 Equipment. + +§ 200.314 Supplies. + +§ 200.315 Intangible property. + +§ 200.316 Property trust relationship. + +Procurement Standards + +§ 200.317 Procurements by States and Indian Tribes. + +§ 200.318 General procurement standards. + +§ 200.319 Competition. + +§ 200.320 Procurement methods. + +§ 200.321 Contracting with small businesses, minority businesses, women's business enterprises, veteran-owned businesses, and labor surplus area firms. + +§ 200.322 Domestic preferences for procurements. + +§ 200.323 Procurement of recovered materials. + +§ 200.324 Contract cost and price. + +§ 200.325 Federal agency or pass-through entity review. + +§ 200.326 Bonding requirements. + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00080.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00080.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d9f162bfec0aa95fd6c73dd36908c8f5312106fb --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00080.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +## Title 31 + +Money and Finance: Treasury + +Parts 0 to 199 + +Revised as of July 1, 2016 + +Containing a codification of documents + +of general applicability and future effect + +As of July 1, 2016 + +Published by the Office of the Federal Register +National Archives and Records Administration +as a Special Edition of the Federal Register + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00081.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00081.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7b356c8c266dd630d459273dc2b1829eda8289b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00081.md @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ + + +## PART 0—DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY EMPLOYEE RULES OF CONDUCT + +## Subpart A—General Provisions + +Sec + +0.101 Purpose. + +0.102 Applicability. + +0.103 Other rules of conduct applicable to Department employees. + +0.104 Definitions. + +0.105 Responsibilities of employees and supervisors. + +0.106 Corrective action. + +## Subpart B—Rules of Conduct + +0.201 Acting within scope of authority. + +0.202 Conformance with policy and subordination to authority. + +0.203 Reporting suspected misconduct. + +0.204 Prohibition of reprisal for reporting suspected misconduct. + +0.205 Controlled substances and intoxicants. + +0.206 Strikes. + +0.207 Possession of weapons or explosives. + +0.208 Care of agency records. + +0.209 Disclosure of records or information. + +0.210 Cooperation with official inquiries. + +0.211 Falsification of official records. + +0.212 Use of government property. + +0.213 Government issued charge cards. + +0.214 Conduct while on government property. + +0.215 Recording government business. + +0.216 Influencing legislation or petitioning Congress. + +0.217 Nondiscrimination. + +0.218 General conduct prejudicial to the government. + +AUTHORITY: 5 U.S.C. 301. + +SOURCE: 81 FR 8403, Feb. 19, 2016, unless otherwise noted. + +## Subpart A—General Provisions + +## §0.101 Purpose. + +The regulations in this part prescribe procedures and standards of conduct that are appropriate to the particular functions and activities of the Department of the Treasury (Department). + +## §0.102 Applicability. + +(a) Unless otherwise specified, the regulations in this part apply to all employees of the Department at all times, regardless of whether they are on duty or on leave, including leave without pay. + +(b) The regulations in this part may be supplemented by regulations, inter- + +pretive guidelines and procedures issued by the Department's offices and bureaus. The absence of a specific published rule of conduct covering an action or omission does not validate that action or omission nor indicate that the action or omission would not result in corrective or disciplinary action. + +## §0.103 Other rules of conduct applicable to Department employees. + +In addition to the regulations in this part, employees of the Department are subject to other applicable statutes and regulations, including the following: + +(a) The Standards of Ethical Conduct for Employees of the Executive Branch at 5 CFR part 2635; + +(b) The Supplemental Standards of Ethical Conduct for Employees of the Department of the Treasury at 5 CFR part 3101; + +(c) Political Activities of Federal Employees regulations at 5 CFR part 734; + +(d) The Employee Responsibilities and Conduct regulations at 5 CFR part 735; and + +(e) Department of the Treasury Disclosure of Records regulations at 31 CFR part 1. + +## §0.104 Definitions. + +The following definitions are used throughout this part: + +(a) Bureau means: + +(1) Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau; + +(2) Bureau of Engraving and Printing; +(3) Bureau of the Fiscal Service; + +(4) Departmental Offices; + +(5) Financial Crimes Enforcement Network: + +(6) Internal Revenue Service; + +(7) Office of the Comptroller of the Currency; + +(8) Office of the Inspector General; + +(9) Office of the Special Inspector General for the Troubled Asset Relief Program; + +(10) Office of the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration; + +(11) United States Mint; and + +(12) Any other organization designated as a bureau by the Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to appropriate authority. + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00082.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00082.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..136bc0c5f8576981e34d5462b70875c01f7dfdac --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00082.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +## U.S. Standard General Ledger Accounts and Definitions + +Account Title: General Fund of the U.S. Government's Operating Cash Account Number: 110100 + +Normal Balance: Debit + +Definition: This account is used to record the amount of cash available for the U.S. Treasury to meet its daily operations. This account includes balances from tax collections, other revenue, federal debt receipts, and other various receipts net of cash outflows for budget outlays and other payments. This account is for the General Fund of the U.S. Government use only. This account does not close at year-end. + +Account Title: Restricted Operating Cash + +Account Number: 110300 + +Normal Balance: Debit + +Definition: This account is used to record the amount of cash that is restricted due to the imposition on cash deposits by law, regulation, or agreement. Restricted cash mainly consists of the Supplementary Financial Program cash account. This account is for the General Fund of the U.S. Government use only. + +Account Title: Checks Outstanding + +Account Number: 110900 + +Normal Balance: Credit + +Definition: This account is used to record the amount of checks issued by U.S. Disbursing Officers (for example includes Treasury Disbursing Officers and Non-Treasury Disbursing Officers) that have not been matched against a payment record in the Treasury Check Information System. This account is for the General Fund of the U.S. Government use only. This account does not close at year-end. + +Account Title: Undeposited Collections + +Account Number: 111000 + +Normal Balance: Debit + +Definition: This account is used to record the amount of collections on hand/in transit for deposit, collections deposited but not confirmed, and deposits confirmed but not yet recorded in a Treasury Account Symbol in CARS. This account does not close at year-end. + +Account Title: Imprest Funds + +Account Number: 112000 + +Normal Balance: Debit + +Definition: This account is used to record the amount of cash authorized to be held by federal entity cashiers at personal risk. This account does not close at year-end. + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00083.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00083.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d0ffa2b21393a938b83b8f2ca2321e9b537b9984 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00083.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +Law of the People's Republic of China on Deputies to the National People's Congress and Local People's Congresses at All Levels (2025 Amendment) + + + +
Document Number:Order No. 45 of the President of the People's Republic of China
Area of Law:Organs of State Power
Level of Authority:Laws
Issuing Authority:National People's Congress
Date issued:03-11-2025
Effective Date:03-12-2025
Status:Effective
+ +2015-2025 Annotation Version 2010-2015 Annotation Version 1992-2010 Annotation Version + +Law of the People's Republic of China on Deputies to the National People's Congress and Local People's Congresses at All Levels + +(Adopted by the Fifth Session of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People’s Congress on April 3, 1992, amended for the first time in accordance with the Decision of the Tenth Session of the Standing Committee of the Eleventh National People’s Congress Concerning Amending Some Laws on August 27, 2009; and amended for the second time in accordance with the Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress Concerning Amendment to the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Deputies to the National People’s Congress and Deputies to the Local People’s Congresses, adopted at the 17th Session of the Standing Committee of the Eleventh National People’s Congress on October 28, 2010; amended for the third time in accordance with the Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on Amending the Organization Law of the People’s Republic of China for Local People’s Congresses at All Levels and Local People’s Governments at All Levels, the Election Law of the People’s Republic of China for the National People’s Congress and Local People’s Congresses at All Levels, and the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Deputies to the National People’s Congress and Local People’s Congresses at All Levels, adopted at the 16th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Twelfth National People’s Congress on August 29, 2015; and amended for the fourth time in accordance with the Decision of the National People’s Congress to Amend the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Deputies to the National People’s Congress and Local People’s Congresses at All Levels, adopted at the 3rd Meeting of the Fourteenth National People’s Congress on March 11, 2025) + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00084.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00084.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8b38d06100c376294bb122741d4360fea6ea01bf --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00084.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +Article 12 The standing committee of a people's congress at or above the county level shall establish the deputy work committee as a working body of the standing committee. + +Chapter II Work of Deputies During a Session of the People's Congress at the Corresponding Level + +Article 13 Deputies shall attend the sessions of the people's congresses at the corresponding levels on time. If a deputy can not attend a session due to health or any other special reason, he shall ask for leave in accordance with the relevant provisions. + +Before attending a session held by the people's congress at the corresponding level, deputies shall listen to the opinions and demands of the people by various means, diligently study the proposals and reports to be submitted to the session for deliberation according to arrangements, and make good preparations for their performance of deputy duties during the session. + +Article 14 Deputies to the people's congress at or above the county level shall form delegations based on electoral units and administrative regions, among others. Deputies to the people's congress of a township, ethnic township, or town may form a delegation based on actual needs. Deputies shall, as organized and arranged by the presidium and delegations, attend the plenary meetings of a session, plenary meetings and group meetings of the delegation, deliberate on all proposals, reports, and other issues that have been placed on the agenda of a session. + +Deputies may attend, upon recommendation or invitation, and as nonvoting participants, meetings of the Presidium or meetings of the special committees and advance their opinions. + +Deputies shall put forward opinions around the topics of the meetings and comply with the rules of procedure. + +Article 15 Deputies have the right, in accordance with procedures prescribed by law, to submit to the people's congress at the corresponding level bills and proposals within the scope of its functions and powers. Bills and proposals submitted shall consist of subjects, grounds and schemes. + +Whether a bill or proposal put forward by deputies according to law shall be placed on the agenda of a session shall be decided by the presidium of the people's congress at the corresponding level, or it shall be submitted to the relevant special committee for deliberation, which shall put forward opinions on whether to place it on the agenda of the session, before the presidium decides whether to place it on the agenda of the session. + +Deliberations on a bill or proposal already placed on the agenda of a session shall be terminated upon approval by the Presidium of a request made by the sponsor deputy for its withdrawal before it is put to vote at the session. + +Article 16 Deputies to the National People's Congress have the right, in accordance with the procedures prescribed by the Constitution, to submit to the National People's Congress bills on the + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00085.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00085.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4018fdc858fa993cab5b1df440ca19647560cfa5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00085.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +## 中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会代表法(2025修正) + +
制定机关:全国人民代表大会
发文字号:中华人民共和国主席令第45号
公布日期:2025.03.11
施行日期:2025.03.12
时效性:现行有效
效力位阶:法律
法规类别:权力机关
+ +2015-2025编注 2010-2015编注 1992-2010编注 + +中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会代表法 + +(1992年4月3日第七届全国人民代表大会第五次会议通过 根据2009年8月27日第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十次会议《关于修改部分法律的决定》第一次修正 根据2010年10月28日第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十七次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会代表法〉的决定》第二次修正 根据2015年8月29日第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十六次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国地方各级人民代表大会和地方各级人民政府组织法〉、〈中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会选举法〉、〈中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会代表法〉的决定》第三次修正 根据2025年3月11日第十四届全国人民代表大会第三次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会代表法〉的决定》第四次修正) + +目录 + +第一章 总则 + +第二章 代表在本级人民代表大会会议期间的工作 + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00086.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00086.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..273a60946e51917fbd9619d6c9ec9e98ad68c750 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00086.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +第三章 代表在本级人民代表大会闭会期间的活动 + +第四章 代表执行职务的保障 + +第五章 对代表的监督 + +第六章 附则 + +## 第一章 总则 + +第一条 为保证全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会代表依法行使代表的职权,履行代表的义务,发挥代表作用,根据宪法,制定本法。 + +第二条 全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会代表依照法律规定选举产生。 + +全国人民代表大会代表是最高国家权力机关组成人员,地方各级人民代表大会代表是地方各级国家权力机关组成人员。 + +全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会代表每届任期五年,从每届本级人民代表大会举行第一次会议开始,到下届本级人民代表大会举行第一次会议为止。 + +第三条 全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会应当坚持中国共产党的领导。坚持以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观、习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,坚定不移走中国特色社会主义政治发展道路,依照宪法和法律赋予本级人民代表大会的各项职权,遵循民主集中制原则,参加行使国家权力。 + +第四条 全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会应当以坚持好、完善好、运行好人民代表大会制度为己任,做到政治坚定、服务人民、尊崇法治、发扬民主、勤勉尽责,为各级人民代表大会及其常务委员会建设自觉坚持中国共产党领导的政治机关、保证人民当家作主的国家权力机关、全面担负宪法法律赋予的各项职责的工作机关、始终同人民群众保持密切联系的代表机关而积极履职。 + +第五条 全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会代表应当坚持以人民为中心,践行全过程人民民主,始终同人民群众保持密切联系,忠实代表人民的利益和意志,自觉接受人民监督。 + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00087.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00087.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..deaf4d2363faef213ce6b2b77d676914efb0c1cb --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00087.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +第六条 全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会代表应当忠于宪法,弘扬宪法精神,维护宪法权威,维护社会主义法制的统一和尊严,为推进全面依法治国、建设更高水平的社会主义法治国家贡献力量。 + +第七条 代表享有下列权利: + +(一)出席本级人民代表大会会议,参加审议各项议案、报告和其他议题,发表意见; + +(二)依法联名提出议案、质询案、罢免案等; + +(三)提出对各方面工作的建议、批评和意见; + +(四)参加本级人民代表大会的各项选举: + +(五)参加本级人民代表大会的各项表决: + +(六)参加本级人民代表大会闭会期间统一组织的履职活动; + +(七)获得依法履职所需的信息资料和各项保障; + +(八)法律规定的其他权利。 + +第八条 代表应当履行下列义务: + +(一)模范地遵守宪法和法律,保守国家秘密,在自己参加的生产、工作和社会活动中,协助宪法和法律的实施; + +(二)按时出席本级人民代表大会会议,认真审议各项议案、报告和其他议题,发表意见,参加选举和表决,遵守会议纪律,做好会议期间的各项工作; + +(三)带头宣传贯彻本级人民代表大会会议精神: + +(四)积极参加统一组织的视察、专题调研、执法检查等履职活动; + +(五)加强履职学习和调查研究,不断提高履职能力: + +(六)与原选区选民或者原选举单位和人民群众保持密切联系,听取和反映他们的意见和要求,努力为人民服务; + +(七)带头践行社会主义核心价值观,铸牢中华民族共同体意识,自觉遵守社会公德,廉洁自律,公道正派,勤勉尽责; + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00088.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00088.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ca2baced0db197c07780f8d329ceef7ce44a4d2e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00088.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +## 【基本案情】 + +重庆某实业有限公司与重庆某建筑工程有限公司、潘某买卖合同纠纷一案,重庆自由贸易试验区人民法院于2021年1月7日作出(2021)渝0192民初442号民事判决:重庆某建筑工程有限公司(以下简称重庆某建筑公司)向重庆某实业有限公司(以下简称重庆某实业公司)支付货款人民币433.05万元(币种下同)及相应资金占用费126.69万元;潘某对重庆某建筑公司的上述债务承担连带保证责任。因被执行人重庆某建筑公司、潘某逾期未履行生效法律文书确定的义务,申请人重庆某实业公司于2022年3月18日向重庆自由贸易试验区人民法院申请强制执行。 + +在执行过程中,重庆自由贸易试验区人民法院首次查封了被执行人潘某名下位于重庆市江北区某小区的车位,共计73个。案涉车位所在的小区建成于2004年,小区有5栋楼房,共计445套住房,住房与车位配比约为1:0.3。案涉73个车位均为建筑区划内规划用于停放汽车的车位,车位处于承租人租赁使用状态。案涉车位由被执行人潘某于2009年一次性购买取得,潘某目前并非小区业主。车位被查封后,被执行人仍未履行义务,重庆某实业公司向重庆自由贸易试验区人民法院申请进行处置。 + +根据民法典第二百七十六条的立法精神,为首先满足业主需要,同时确保案涉车位能够顺利拍卖成交,重庆自由贸易试验区人民法院决定,在车位整体拍卖和分零拍卖两种处置方式中优先采用分零拍卖的处置方式,并在具体实施方案上作了进一步细化。具体而言:(1)针对小区业主开展拍卖,每户业主只能竞买一个车位。若仍有车位流拍的,针对不特定竞买人再次开展拍卖;(2)作为车位承租人的业主符合竞拍资格的,在同等条件下对租用车位享有优先购买权。 + +## 【执行结果】 + +重庆自由贸易试验区人民法院于2022年6月15日作出(2022)渝0192执737号之八执行裁定,对73个车位进行拍卖。在针对小区业主的拍卖过程中,案涉车位成交61个,成交均价为8.53万元,剩余车位在针对不特定买人拍卖过程中全部成交,成交均价为8.46万元。成交后,人民法院已出具拍卖成交裁定书和协助执行通知书,完成相应车位的过户手续,拍卖案款扣除相应税费后,已全部支付给申请执行人。 + +## 【执行理由】 + +本案依法规范执行的关键在于如何处置案涉大量车位。 + +其一,车位的处置应当首先满足业主的需要。民法典第二百七十六条规定:“建筑区划内,规划 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00089.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00089.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..82d80c806ebc4da8bbf6e187f985fe5f4090d872 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00089.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +用于停放汽车的车位、车库应当首先满足业主的需要。”该规定体现了对业主权益予以优先保护的立法价值取向。本次司法处置涉及大量车位,应当根据上述立法精神,综合考量涉车位性质、小区车位配比、当事人合法权益等因素,制定合理的处置方案,既要实现财产价值最大化、依法保障债权人的合法权益,又要落实民法典相关规定精神,依法保障大量小区业主的合法权益。 + +其二,关于涉案车位进行整体拍卖还是分零拍卖的问题。本案中,小区的住房与车位配比约为1:0.3,车位紧张,且拟拍卖车位均处于由小区业主租赁使用状态。从首先满足业主需要的角度出发,对涉案车位的处置宜采取分零拍卖的方式。如果进行整体处置,通常只有一个竞买人竞买成功,即便该竞买人是业主,也将导致大量车位承租人的优先购买权难以得到保障,大量无车位业主的购车需求难以得到满足。 + +其三,关于竞买人范围和顺序的问题。《民法典》第一千一百七十六条规定的“首先满足业主的需要”,不仅包括车位对车位享有优先购买、优先承租以及优先使用等权利,还蕴含当业主的合理需求未被满足时,不能将车位任意处置给业主以外的第三人。当然,在“首先满足业主的需要”的基础上,应当准许将车位出借给业主以外的第三人,既有利于依法保障胜诉当事人合法权益,也避免对被执行人权益造成不必要影响。因此,在具体拍卖环节上,优先由小区业主参与竞买,拍卖流程结束后,有流拍车位的,再针对业主以外的不特定买人开展竞拍,兼顾保护小区业主、胜诉当事人与被执行人的合法权益。 + +【相关法条】 + +《中华人民共和国民法典》第276条 + +## 本案法律依据 + +中华人民共和国民法典第276条 + +## 本法院同类案例 + +重庆某视频科技有限公司与宋某才,重庆某文化传媒有限公司买卖合同纠纷执行鉴定书 + +重庆某供应链管理有限公司与安徽某商贸有限公司,雷某买卖合同纠纷执行裁定书 + +上海某(集团)有限公司重庆某公司与重庆某建设工程有限公司买卖合同纠纷执行鉴定书 + +重庆某金属国际贸易有限公司与广安市某物流有限公司买卖合同纠纷财产保全执行鉴定书 + +广东某保安系统有限公司与重庆某地产发展有限公司,重庆某企业拓展有限公司买卖合同纠纷财产保全执行裁定书 + +重庆某科技有限公司与某云技术有限公司买卖合同纠纷财产保全执行裁定书 + +重庆某贸易有限公司与重庆某安装集团有限公司买卖合同纠纷财产保全执行裁定书 + +重庆某供应链管理有限公司与甘肃某建设发展有限公司,王某,朱某某买卖合同纠纷财产保全执行裁定书 + +更多 + +## 同案由重要案例 + +指导性案例256号:重庆某实业有限公司与重庆某建筑工程有限公司、谦某执行实施案 + +江苏省高级人民法院发布8起执行裁判典型案例之六:某祥公司与某纺公司等买卖合同纠纷执行案——被执行单位账户的职工生育津贴可以排除执行 + + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00090.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00090.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..29f3724a60c4ca6874ce268fa2a0617a428a3789 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00090.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +## 中国人民解放军实施 +《中华人民共和国药品管理法》办法 + +(2004年12月9日中华人民共和国国务院、中华人民共和国中央军事委员会令第425号公布 2025年4月5日中华人民共和国国务院、中华人民共和国中央军事委员会令第805号修订) + +## 第一章 总 则 + +第一条 为了加强军队药品管理,根据《中华人民共和国药品管理法》和其他有关法律规定,制定本办法。 + +第二条 军队药品研制、生产(含配制,下同)、储备、供应、使用和监督管理活动,适用本办法。 + +第三条 军队药品管理工作坚持中国共产党的领导,贯彻习近平强军思想,坚持风险管理、全程管控、军地协同的原则,科学严格监管,保障药品的安全、有效、可及。 + +第四条 在中央军事委员会领导下,中央军事委员会后勤保障部负责组织指导军队药品监督管理工作,具体工作由中央军事委员会后勤保障部负责卫生工作的业务部门承办;中央军事委员 + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00091.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00091.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..baebfe9a7a98bad3c86d23fd97a3286f214b9672 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00091.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +定任务,负责军队单位所需药品的供应保障。 + +军队药材供应保障机构不得向地方单位和人员供应药品;因发生重大灾情、疫情或者其他突发事件等原因,确需向地方单位和人员供应的,应当经中央军事委员会后勤保障部批准。 + +第十四条 军队药材供应保障机构从事药品供应保障活动,应当取得中央军事委员会后勤保障部负责卫生工作的业务部门核发的军队药材供应许可证;无军队药材供应许可证的,不得供应药品。 + +第十五条 军队人员需要接种的疫苗,由军队疾病预防控制机构按照国家规定的疫苗采购渠道向疫苗上市许可持有人采购;对未纳入国家组织采购的疫苗,可以按照军队采购有关规定向疫苗上市许可持有人采购。疫苗上市许可持有人应当按照采购合同约定,向军队疾病预防控制机构或者其指定的军队单位供应疫苗。 + +军队疾病预防控制机构和军队其他相关单位从事疫苗储存、运输活动的,应当严格遵守国家有关规定,保证疫苗质量。 + +## 第三章 军队医疗机构药事管理 + +第十六条 军队医疗机构应当配备经过国家或者军队资格认定的药师或者其他药学技术人员,负责本单位的药品管理、处方审核和调配、合理用药指导等工作。 + +第十七条 军队医疗机构应当坚持安全有效、经济合理的用 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00092.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00092.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1ce63f7923e658c4113097caef2e14237d7b837f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00092.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +## 人脸识别技术应用安全管理办法 + +发文机关:国家互联网信息办公室,公安部 + +发布日期:2025.03.13 + +生效日期:2025.06.01 + +时效性:尚未生效 + +文号:国家互联网信息办公室 公安部令第19号 + +国家互联网信息办公室 公安部令第19号 + +《人脸识别技术应用安全管理办法》已经2024年9月30日国家互联网信息办公室2024年第23次室务会议审议通过,并经公安部同意,现予公布,自2025年6月1日起施行。 + +国家互联网信息办公室主任 庄荣文 + +公安部部长 王小洪 + +2025年3月13日 + +## 人脸识别技术应用安全管理办法 + +第一条 为了规范应用人脸识别技术处理人脸信息活动,保护个人信息权益,根据《中华人民共和国网络安全法》、《中华人民共和国数据安全法》、《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》、《网络数据安全管理条例》等法律、行政法规,制定本办法。 + +第二条 在中华人民共和国境内应用人脸识别技术处理人脸信息的活动,适用本办法。 + +在中华人民共和国境内为从事人脸识别技术研发、算法训练活动应用人脸识别技术处理人脸信息的,不适用本办法的规定。 + +第三条 应用人脸识别技术处理人脸信息活动,应当遵守法律法规,尊重社会公德和伦理,遵守商业道德和职业道德,诚实守信,履行个人信息保护义务,承担社会责任,不得危害国家安全、损害公共利益、侵害个人合法权益。 + +第四条 应用人脸识别技术处理人脸信息,应当具有特定的目的和充分的必要性,采取对个人权益影响最小的方式,并实施严格保护措施。 + +第五条 个人信息处理者应用人脸识别技术处理人脸信息前,应当以显著方式、清晰易懂的语言真实、准确、完整地向个人告知下列事项: + +(一)个人信息处理者的名称或者姓名和联系方式; + +(二)人脸信息的处理目的、处理方式,处理的人脸信息保存期限; + +(三)处理人脸信息的必要性以及对个人权益的影响; + +(四)个人依法行使权利的方式和程序; + +(五)法律、行政法规规定应当告知的其他事项。 + +前款规定事项发生变更的,应当将变更部分告知个人。 diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00093.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00093.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..082a8956875210b328d8fcc516744d111834b91c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00093.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +第十四条 人脸识别技术应用系统应当采取数据加密、安全审计、访问控制、授权管理、入侵检测和防御等措施保护人脸信息安全。涉及网络安全等级保护、关键信息基础设施的,应当按照国家有关规定履行网络安全等级保护、关键信息基础设施保护义务。 + +第十五条 个人信息处理者应当在应用人脸识别技术处理的人脸信息存储数量达到10万人之日起30个工作日内向所在地省级以上网信部门履行备案手续。申请备案应当提交下列材料: + +(一)个人信息处理者的基本情况; + +(二)人脸信息处理目的和处理方式; + +(三)人脸信息存储数量和安全保护措施; + +(四)人脸信息的处理规则和操作规程; + +(五)个人信息保护影响评估报告。 + +备案信息发生实质性变更的,应当在变更之日起30个工作日内办理备案变更手续。终止应用人脸识别技术的,应当在终止之日起30个工作日内办理注销备案手续,并依法处理人脸信息。 + +第十六条 网信部门会同公安机关和其他履行个人信息保护职责的部门,建立健全信息共享和通报工作机制,协同开展相关工作。 + +网信部门、公安机关和其他履行个人信息保护职责的部门依法对应用人脸识别技术处理个人信息活动实施监督检查,个人信息处理者应当依法予以配合。 + +第十七条 任何组织、个人有权对违法应用人脸识别技术处理人脸信息的活动向履行个人信息保护职责的部门进行投诉、举报。收到投诉、举报的部门应当依法及时处理,并将处理结果告知投诉人、举报人。 + +第十八条 违反本办法规定的,依照有关法律、行政法规的规定处理;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。 + +第十九条 本办法下列术语的含义: + +(一)个人信息处理者,是指在个人信息处理活动中自主决定处理目的、处理方式的组织、个人。 + +(二)人脸信息,是指以电子或者其他方式记录的与已识别或者可识别的自然人有关的面部特征生物识别信息,不包括匿名化处理后的信息。 + +(三)人脸识别技术,是指以人脸信息作为识别个体身份的个体生物特征识别技术。 + +(四)人脸识别设备,是指应用人脸识别技术识别个体身份的终端设备。 + +(五)验证个人身份,是指通过收集获得的人脸信息与信息系统存储的特定人脸信息进行“一对一”比对,确认和核对两者是否为同一人。 + +(六)辨识特定个人,是指通过收集获得的人脸信息与信息系统存储的特定范围内人脸信息进行“一对多”比对,发现和识别具有特定身份的个人。 + +第二十条 本办法自2025年6月1日起施行。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00094.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00094.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b3a9de0f1279a93899af7a9df1ae25ac6bd21a51 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00094.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +## 中华人民共和国最高人民法院 + +## 通 知 书 + +(2024) 最高法刑申 24 号 + +姬某: + +你们因原审被告人姬新启、姬海周故意杀人一案,不服山东省烟台市中级人民法院(2012)烟刑一初字第33号刑事附带民事判决,山东省高级人民法院(2013)鲁刑四终字第129号刑事附带民事裁定、(2016)鲁刑申26号驳回申诉通知,以姬新启、姬海周没有实施犯罪行为、被害人于世志系因交通事故死亡等为由,向本院提出申诉。 + +本院经审查认为,现有在案相关证人证言、被害人陈述、鉴定意见、被告人供述等证据能够相互印证,足以证实姬新启、姬海周故意杀人的事实。你们所提交有证人看见姬新启打被害人于世态、姬新启的行为不构成犯罪的申诉理由,经查,姬新启本人曾详细供述了持木棒击打二被害人的经过,与被害人吕延杰的陈述、法医鉴定意见和姬海周的供述等相互印证,能够认定姬新启实施了犯罪行为,该申诉理由不能成立。你们所提于世态系因交通事故死亡的申诉理由,本院在复查期间经委托公安机关调查核实,你们提供的证人李春广、李春生均证实本案发生于该起交通事故之后数年,于世态死亡与该起交通事故没有关联,故该申诉理由亦不成立。 + +综上,原裁判认定原审被告人姬新启、姬海周犯故意杀人罪的事实和适用法律正确,量刑适当。你们的申诉不符合《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》第二百五十三条规定的应当重新审判情形,本院决定对该案不予重新审判。 + +特此通知。 + +二〇二五年二月七日 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00095.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00095.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c4998ec2b631e45ca60405a68a27cecb03b7fab9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00095.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +## 中华人民共和国最高人民法院赔偿委员会 +## 决定书 + +(2024)最高法委赔监221号 + +申诉人(赔偿请求人):柳某,男,1959年4月11日出生,满族,住河北省遵化市。 + +被申诉人(赔偿义务机关):某某第一中级人民法院,住所地北京市石景山区。 + +申诉人柳某申请某某第一中级人民法院(以下简称北京一中院)非刑事司法赔偿一案,不服北京市高级人民法院(以下简称北京高院)赔偿委员会(2024)京委赔3号决定,向本院赔偿委员会提出申诉。本院赔偿委员会依法对本案进行了审查,现已审查终结。 + +柳某以北京一中院、北京市海淀区人民法院(以下简称海淀区法院)和北京明正司法鉴定中心(以下简称明正鉴定中心)为共同赔偿义务机关,向北京一中院(2014)一中民终字第03359号民事判决、(2022)京01民终8836号民事裁定、海淀区法院(2010)海民初字第16786号民事判决、(2022)京0108号民初37104号民事裁定错误,明正鉴定中心鉴定违法,导致其合法权益受到损害为由,向北京一中院申请国家赔偿。北京一中院于2024年5月16日作出(2024)京01法赔3号不予受理案件决定,对柳某的国家赔偿申请不予受理。柳某不服上述决定,向北京高院赔偿委员会申请作出赔偿决定,请求依法启动自查自纠程序,赔偿因法院依据违法鉴定结论导致漏判、错判,给柳某造成的各项损失共计4026540.75元。 +北京高院赔偿委员会认定事实: + +柳某于2006年2月23日修理汽车轮胎时,因轮胎爆炸致双下肢受伤,分别在河北省遵化市某某医院、唐山市某某医 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00096.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00096.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..26ce806e8d6cc8fa930dc3835c46b0eadd59f622 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00096.md @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +国家赔偿案件,是指国家赔偿法第十七条、第十八条、第二十一条、第三十八条规定的案件。《中华人民共和国国家赔偿法》第三十八条规定,人民法院在民事诉讼、行政诉讼过程中,违法采取对妨害诉讼的强制措施、保全措施或者对判决、裁定及其他生效法律文书执行错误,造成损害的,赔偿请求人可以依法向人民法院申请赔偿。本案中,明正鉴定中心的鉴定行为不属于国家赔偿法规定的国家机关行使职权的行为。海淀法院在民事诉讼和执行生效判决过程中不存在违法采取对妨害诉讼的强制措施、保全措施,以及错误执行致使受害人造成损害应予赔偿的情形。北京一中院不是生效判决的执行法院,也未实施执行行为,不属于适格的赔偿义务机关。柳某以明正鉴定中心、海淀区法院和北京一中院为共同赔偿义务机关申请国家赔偿,不符合国家赔偿案件的受理条件,北京一中院作出不予受理案件决定并无不当。 + +据此,北京高院赔偿委员会于2024年8月28日作出(2024)京委赔3号决定,驳回柳某的国家赔偿申请。 + +柳某仍不服北京高院赔偿委员会(2024)京委赔3号决定,向本院赔偿委员会提出申诉,其申诉请求为:(1)撤销北京一中院(2024)京01法赔3号不予受理案件决定和北京高院赔偿委员会(2024)京委赔3号驳回申请决定,重新审理并对柳某予以国家赔偿;(2)认定明正鉴定中心多项严重侵害柳某合法权益的事实成立,其鉴定行为违法,鉴定意见无效;(3)认定海淀区法院委托无鉴定资质的明正鉴定中心以及判决违法等严重侵害柳某合法权益的事实成立;(4)认定北京一中院认定明正鉴定中心具备鉴定资质以及裁判违法等严重侵害柳某合法权益事实成立;(5)原审法院及明正鉴定中心赔付漏判的柳某各项赔偿损失;(6)明正鉴定中心还应补赔23500元鉴定 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00097.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00097.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9f7e6187f9024fa0eb6b0d23ff0f0118dcaec00a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00097.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +## 中华人民共和国最高人民法院 + +## 行政判决书 + +(2024)最高法知行终525号 + +上诉人(一审原告、专利申请人):某某有限公司。住所地:美利坚合众国特拉华州。 + +代表人:马克·P·某某,该公司总裁。 + +委托诉讼代理人:苗征,北京市永新智财律师事务所律师。 + +委托诉讼代理人:祁丽,北京市永新智财律师事务所律师。 + +被上诉人(一审被告):国家知识产权局。住所地:中华人民共和国北京市海淀区蓟门桥西土城路6号。 + +法定代表人:申长雨,该局局长。 + +委托诉讼代理人:杨杰,该局审查员。 + +委托诉讼代理人:刘妍,该局审查员。 + +上诉人某某有限公司(以下简称某某公司)与被上诉人国家知识产权局发明专利申请驳回复审行政纠纷一案,涉及专利申请人某某有限公司、名称为“包含2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、1,1,2,3-四氯丙烯、2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯、或2-氯-1,1,1,2-四氟丙烷的组合物”的发明专利申请(以下简称本申请)。国家知识产权局作出第323039号复审决定(以下简称被诉决定),维持其于2019年12月16日作出的驳回本申请的决定;某某有限公司不服,向北京知识产权法院(以下简称一审法院)提起诉讼,请求撤销被诉决定,并判令国家知识产权局重新作出审查决定。一审法院于2024年3月22日作出(2023)京73行初3635号行政判决,驳回某某有限公司的诉讼请求;某某有限公司不服,向本院提起上诉。本院于2024年 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00098.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00098.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2b9055d6b6ef4920564526d3b5fc125911377b23 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00098.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +二审案件受理费人民币100元,由某某有限公司负担。 + +本判决为终审判决。 + +审判长 吴蓉 + +审判员 李晨 + +审判员 白俊勇 + +二〇二五年三月二十七日 + +法官助理 李易忱 + +技术调查官杨倩 + +书记员 谢思琳 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00099.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00099.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6817c90104e9242ebd76b8118e6e0d76c5e34999 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00099.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +最后,某 4 公司、龚某杰还主张,其仅确认《侵权告知函》未指控某 1 公司、某 2 公司及其产品,但并不等同于确认某 1 公司、某 2 公司的产品不侵害涉案专利权。对此,本院认为,本案系某 1 公司、某 2 公司针对《侵权告知函》提起的确认不侵害专利权之诉。如前所述,在某 4 公司、龚某杰已确认某 1 公司、某 2 公司及涉案产品并非《侵权告知函》所指控主体及产品且放弃侵权比对的情况下,一审法院依其自认内容认定两公司不侵权并无不当。若某 4 公司、龚某杰依据新的事实主张某 1 公司、某 2 公司侵害其涉案专利权,可另行提起侵权之诉。 + +综上,一审判决认定某1公司和某2公司未侵害涉案专利权,并无不当。某4公司、龚某杰的相关主张均不能成立,本院不予支持。 + +综上所述,某4公司、龚某杰的上诉请求不能成立,应予驳回;一审判决认定事实清楚,适用法律正确,应予维持。依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第一百七十七条第一款第一项规定,判决如下: + +驳回上诉,维持原判。 + +二审案件受理费800元,由南昌某某医疗科技有限公司、龚某杰负担。 + +本判决为终审判决。 + +审判长 + +李嵘 + +审判员 + +亓蕾 + +审判员 + +王晓如 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00100.md b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00100.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..97eb3b9046289d7a3af32bcb7c9b0ec8ac47b578 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_legal_provision_00100.md @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +## 扶梯产品安装合同 + +合同号:ST45586-ST45593 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
甲方:湖南娄底市海汇房地产开发有限公司乙方:迅达(中国)电梯有限公司湖南分公司
负责人:陈向前法定代表人:李震伟
地址:湖南省娄底市长青中街11 号九龙财智大酒店30 楼
邮编:417000
地址:长沙市芙蓉区韶山北路139 号湖南文化大厦1215 室
邮编:410001
电话:0738-8516888 传真: 电话:0731-82767015 传真:0731-82767025
开户银行:华融湘江银行娄底月塘支行开户银行:工商银行韶山路支行
户名:湖南娄底市海汇房地产开发有限公司户名:迅达(中国)电梯有限公司湖南分公司
注册地址:娄底市娄星区长青中街21 号注册地址:长沙市芙蓉区韶山北路139 号湖南文化大厦1215 室
账号:76020302000001277账号:1901007009024929533
增值税号:增值税号:430102785353059
+ +鉴于甲乙双方于___年___月签订了扶梯产品买卖合同(合同号:___ST45586-ST45593___)。现甲乙双方经友好协商一致,同意签订本合同,并共同遵守。合同条款如下: + +## 一、工程概况 + +1. 甲方委托乙方承担下列安装工程: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
合同号产品 +型号提升高度(m)梯速
(m/s)
扶梯角度
(。)
梯级宽度(m)数量单价
(RMB)
小计
(RMB)
ST45586-ST45593自动扶梯9300AE-10-EN -30-100-K-R5.0m0.5301833000264000
合计金额
(人民币)
人民币贰拾陆万肆仟元整(¥264000 . 00 元)
注: 价格中含建筑安装营业税、土建配套费人民币贰仟陆佰肆拾元整(¥2640 元),不含增值税。
+ +2. 项目名称:九龙环球商业广场 项目详细地址:娄星南路和涟滨西路交汇处西南角 +甲方联系人:易峰 联系电话:13762817066 传真:___ +乙方联系人:翟树松 联系电话:0731-82767015 传真:0731-82767025 +如任何一方的联系人变更,都应及时书面通知对方。 + +## 二、本工程开工日期及施工周期 + +1. 预计开工日期:2015年3月(乙方将在派员进场前再次与甲方确认开工日期),计划扶梯部件安装、调试周期:5周(节假日除外)。 + +2. 甲方可以根据第四、1款约定调整开工日期。若因甲方原因导致乙方无法开工、停工或者窝工的,工程最终竣工移交日期最迟不晚于合同生效后9个月。 + +## 三、工程价款的支付及结算 + +1. 在安装人员进场前 15 日,甲方向乙方支付合同总金额的 50% 作为开工款(其中含金额相当于合同总金额 20% 的定金)。 + +2. 在扶梯工程按本合同第六.1款验收完毕后15日内,甲方付清合同总金额50%的剩余款项。如因非乙方原因导致扶梯工程未取得特种设备监管部门验收合格报告的,则甲方应在任何情况下于正式开工日期后六个月内付清合同款项。 + +3. 支付合同款项时,甲方须直接汇入合同文首规定的乙方帐户,同时注明付款单位名称和合同号,并将支付凭证复印件按合同文首确认的联系方式传真或寄交乙方。 + +4. 如甲方要求或因甲方原因事实上导致分批交货和/或安装,各批次货物的款项应按本合同约定的付款方式相应分批按比例结算。 + +5. 安装发票将在特种设备监管部门验收合格后开具。如货物分批安装的,则发票按安装时间分批开具。 + +## 四、甲方权责 + +1. 按扶梯土建布置图要求完成土建施工,提供《施工必备条件》(见附件一)中所列甲方的工作。为乙方提供施工便利条件,负责与其它施工方的工作协调。 + +预计开工日期前三十天,如现场基本具备安装条件,书面通知乙方进行安装前的勘查工作并予以配合。如现场尚不具备安装条件,可依照扶梯产品买卖合同约定在确认“发货确认单”时调整交货期,并于交货日前三十天,书面通 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00001.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00001.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..67a7b0a9ff9b406b58a4808c9985acf36b581c65 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00001.md @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
20可吸附有机卤化物(AOX )0.05
单位产
品基准
排水量
日用及陈
设艺术瓷
普通瓷($m^{3}$/吨瓷)0排水量计量位置与污染物排放监控位置一致
骨质瓷($(m^{3}/$吨瓷)6.0
建筑陶瓷抛光$(m^{3}/$吨瓷)0
非抛光$(m^{3}/吨$瓷)0
卫生陶瓷$(m^{3}/$吨瓷)1.5
特种陶瓷$(m^{3}/吨$瓷)0
+ +4.1.5 水污染物排放浓度限值适用于单位产品实际排水量不高于单位产品基准排水量的情况。若单位产品实际排水量超过单位产品基准排水量,须按公式(1)将实测水污染物浓度换算为水污染物基准水量排放浓度,并以水污染物基准水量排放浓度作为判定排放是否达标的依据。产品产量和排水量统计周期为一个工作日。 + +在企业的生产设施同时生产两种以上产品、可适用不同排放控制要求或不同行业国家污染物排放标准,且生产设施产生的污水混合处理排放的情况下,应执行排放标准中规定的最严格的浓度限值,并按公式(1)换算水污染物基准水量排放浓度。 + +$$\rho_ { \text {基 } } = \frac { Q _ { \text {总 } } } { \sum Y _ { i } \cdot Q _ { i \text { 基 } } } \cdot \rho _ { \text {实 } } \tag { 1 }$$ + +式中: + +$\rho_{基}$——水污染物基准水量排放浓度,mg/L; + +$Q_{总}$——排水总量,$\mathrm{m}^3$; + +$Y_i$——第$i$种产品的产量,吨瓷; + +$Q_{i基}$——第$i$种产品的单位基准排水量,$m^3$/吨; + +$\rho_{实}$——实测水污染物浓度,mg/L。 + +若 $Q_{总}$ 与 $\sum Y_{i} \cdot Q_\text{i基}$ 的比值小于 1,则以水污染物实测浓度作为判定排放是否达标的依据。 + +4.2 大气污染物排放控制要求 + +4.2.1 自 2011 年 1 月 1 日起至 2011 年 12 月 31 日止,现有企业执行表 4 规定的大气污染物排放限值。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00002.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00002.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..799cabc9a55049907f629e060cd698f0f8fff9f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00002.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +## 陶瓷工业污染物排放标准 + +## 1 适用范围 + +本标准规定了陶瓷工业企业水污染物和大气污染物排放限值、监测和监控要求,以及标准的实施与监督等相关规定。 + +本标准适用于陶瓷工业企业的水污染物和大气污染物排放管理,以及对陶瓷工业企业建设项目的环境影响评价、环境保护设施设计、竣工环境保护验收及其投产后的水污染物和大气污染物排放管理。 + +本标准不适用于陶瓷原辅材料的开采及初加工过程的水污染物和大气污染物排放管理。 + +本标准适用于法律允许的污染物排放行为:新设立污染源的选址和特殊保护区域内现有污染源的管理,按照《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》、《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》、《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》、《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法》、《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》等法律、法规、规章的相关规定执行。 + +本标准规定的水污染物排放控制要求适用于企业直接或间接向其法定边界外排放水污染物的行为。 + +## 2 规范性引用文件 + +本标准内容引用了下列文件或其中的条款。 + +GB/T 6920-1986 水质 pH 值的测定 玻璃电极法 + +GB/T 7466-1987 水质 总铬的测定 高锰酸钾氧化-二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法 + +GB/T 7470-1987 水质 铅的测定 双硫腙分光光度法 + +GB/T 7475-1987 水质 铜、锌、铅、镉的测定 原子吸收分光光度法 + +GB/T 7484-1987 水质 氟化物的测定 离子选择电极法 + +GB/T 11893-1989 水质 总磷的测定 钼酸铵分光光度法 + +GB/T 11894-1989 水质 总氮的测定 碱性过硫酸钾消解紫外分光光度法 + +GB/T 11901-1989 水质 悬浮物的测定 重量法 + +GB/T 11912-1989 水质 镍的测定 火焰原子吸收分光光度法 + +GB/T 11914-1989 水质 化学需氧量的测定 重铬酸盐法 + +GB/T 13896-1992 水质 铅的测定 示波极谱法 + +GB/T14671-93 水质 钡的测定 电位滴定法 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00003.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00003.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ca14fdeaf629a89dfed9fbd25a7bd77be65b5caa --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00003.md @@ -0,0 +1,144 @@ +表 1 基本控制项目最高允许排放浓度(日均值)(单位:mg/L) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
序号基本控制项目一级标准二级标准三级标准
A 标准B 标准
1化学需氧量(COD )5060100120
2生化需氧量(BOD5 )10203060
3悬浮物(SS )10203050
4动植物油13520
5石油类13515
6阴离子表面活性剂0.5125
7总氮(以N 计)1520
8氨氮(以N 计)5(8)8(15)25(30)
9总磷
(以P 计)
05 年12 月31 日前建设11.535
06 年1 月1 日起建设的0.5135
10色度(稀释倍数)30304050
11PH 值6~9
12糞大肠菌群数/(个/L )$10^3$$10^4$$10^4$
+ +A、 下列情况下按去除率指标执行,当进水 COD 大于 350mg/L 时,去除率应大于 60%;BOD 大于 160mg/L 时,去除率应大于 50%。 + +B、 括号外数值为水温>12℃时的控制指标,括号内数值为水温≤12℃时的控制指标。 + +表 2 部分一类污染物最高允许排放浓度(日均值)(单位:mg/L) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
序号项目标准值序号项目标准值
1总汞0.0015六价铬0.05
2烷基汞不得检出6总砷0.1
3总镉0.017总铅0.1
4总铬0.1
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00004.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00004.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dbd9e7e32c251d53fd5f618c0dba2fccac03f71b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00004.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +于使用方法考虑问题时,不同的应用情况会产生不同的验收标准。从经济角度考虑,如果焊缝返修后改进不大,且费用很高,或返修后(返修条件不如原焊缝的焊接条件)虽清除了缺陷但效果很可能不如以前。因此,操作者在订购平台时首先应严格制定工艺标准,然后在合于使用的基础上决定返修还是允许缺陷存在。但是,使用合于使用标准并不意味着可以允许制造者不按合同签订的质量等级交货,也不应成为制造质量低劣的事后托词。操作者应该在与设计者及超声专家协商的基础上,对每一个具体的结构制定出一个切实可行的验收标准。各种验收标准参见7.10 + + + +图3:缺陷的含义 + +## 7.4 程序的鉴定和批准 + +以下叙述的是关于程序的鉴定和批准: + +a. 超声检验的书面程序应由超声专家制定,通过技师考核的实际操作考试来验证,由操作者批准并且一直持续有效直到有证据显示对程序的有效性提出质疑。 + +b. 下面所列的是应写在书面程序中的基本内容,这些内容用于试验和以后的焊缝检验中。已批准的程序中如有重大变更应予以重新鉴定。 + +1. 被检焊缝的接头形式和被检焊缝的表面温度范围 + +2. 每种焊缝形式的验收标准 + +3. 超声探伤仪的型号(生产厂商、型号和出厂号) + +4. 电子闸门、抑制和报警器等的使用 + +5. 仪器的校核与校核周期 + +6. 仪器的标定与标定周期 + +7. 同轴电缆的长度 + +8. 探头频率、尺寸、形状,波束角和斜探头楔块形式 + +9. 表面状况 + +10. 耦合剂 + +11. 母材检验 + +12. 传递修正 + +13. 扫查灵敏度 + +14. 扫查路径 + +15. 确定折射角、根部区域标记和缺陷定位的三角测量方法 + +16. 确定缺陷长度的方法 + +17. 确定缺陷宽度的方法 + +18. 报告和保存 + +## 7.5 设备 + +超声检验的效果在很大程度上取决于电子设备的精度和性能、用于设备校正之附属器件的精度和性能,以及对检验结果评定的准确程度。本节简要叙述超声波检验设备的性能要求、推荐校正标 diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00005.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00005.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7b796c5ed1cb8b6d2db460f1010b4e348db1bc9c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00005.md @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +4.1.4.1 2003 年 12 月 31 日之前建设的味精生产企业,从本标准实施之日起,其水污染物的排放按表 1 的规定执行,从 2007 年 1 月 1 日起,其水污染物的排放按表 2 的规定执行。 +4.1.4.2 2004 年 1 月 1 日起建设(包括改、扩建)的项目,从本标准实施之日起,水污染物的排放按表 2 的规定执行。 + +4.1.4.3 建设(包括改、扩建)项目的建设时间,应以环境影响评价报告书(表)批准日期为准。 + +表1 味精工业水污染物排放标准值 + +(2003年12月31日之前建设的项目) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
污染物项目化学需氧量
(CODcr)
五日生化需氧量$(BOD_{5})$悬浮物
(SS)
氨氮排水量PH 值
kg/
t 产品
mg/Lkg/t 产品mg/Lkg/t 产品mg/Lkg/t 产品mg/L$m^{3}/$t 产品
标准值753002510037.515017.5702506-9
+ +注:产品为味精 + +表2 味精工业水污染物排放标准值 + +(2004年1月1日起建设(包括改、扩建)的项目) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
污染物项目化学需氧量
$(CODcr)$
五日生化需氧量$(BOD_{5})$悬浮物
(SS)
氨氮排水量PH 值
kg/
t 产品
mg/Lkg/
t 产品
mg/Lkg/t 产品mg/Lkg/
t 产品
mg/L$m^{3}/$t 产品
标准值302001280151007.5501506-9
+ +注:产品为味精 + +## 4.1.5 采样与监测 + +4.1.5.1 采样点 + +采样点设在企业废水排放口。在排放口必须设置永久性排污口标志、污水流量连续计量装置和污水比例采样装置。企业必须安装化学需氧量在线监测装置。 + +4.1.5.2 采样频率 + +采样频率按生产周期确定。生产周期在8小时以内的,每2小时采集一次;生产周期大于8小时的,每4小时采集一次,排放浓度取日均值。 + +4.1.5.3 产品产量的统计 + +产品产量以法定月报表或年报表为准。根据企业实际正常生产天数,计算出产品的日均产量。 + +4.1.5.4 测定 + +本标准采用的测定方法按表3执行。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00006.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00006.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2b6fe86b495226b097c5d7db57056b8103c106b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00006.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ + +## 附录 A + +## (规范性) + +## 高质量团体标准评价表(技术类) + +技术类团体标准应按照表A.1进行评价。 + +表A.1 高质量团体标准评价表(技术类) + + +
序号一级指标二级指标指标说明查验方法得分
1创新性(20分)创新实现(10分)技术类团体标准吸纳的创新成果达到的创新水平,包括但不限于下列内容之一:——填补技术空白;——颠覆性技术;——首台(套)重大技术装备;——科技成果转化;——体现自主创新技术。专业评价、查验证明文件。证明文件包括但不限于:——《首台(套)重大技术装备推广应用指导目录》《北京市新技术新产品(服务)名单》等获批项目;——国家科学技术奖、北京市科学技术奖、全国颠覆性技术创新大赛、中关村国际前沿科技创新大赛等赛事获奖项目。
2创新产出(10分)独立研究制定全新技术类团体标准,填补标准空白,且无现行有效的国际标准、国外标准、国家标准、行业标准、地方标准、其他团体标准。专业评价、查验证明文件。证明文件包括但不限于:——全国标准信息公共服务平台公示;——标准查新报告。
3先进性(20分)技术实现(10分)技术类团体标准吸纳的先进技术的水平包括但不限于下列内容之一:——符合科学规律,具有前瞻性、引领性,或显著优于同行业;——符合国家和北京市重大政策,反映市场需求;——围绕首都减量发展、创新发展、协调发展、绿色发展、开放发展和共享发展需要,体现工艺、技术或产品等优化超前。专业评价、查验证明文件。
4领跑领先(10分)1.技术类团体标准或关键指标要求与国际标准、国外标准、国家标准、行业标准、地方标准、其他团体标准的对比优化超前,或是“领跑者团标”。2.技术类团体标准的技术指标、检测方法等科学可靠,引用文件、图表、数据、公式、符号、单位、专业术语和参考文献准确。专业评价、查验证明文件。证明文件包括但不限于:——标准文本;——标准查新报告;——企业标准领跑者管理信息平台公示。
diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00007.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00007.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..32f3a83f7a2acd6576056df5977f714bc8004248 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00007.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +## 高质量团体标准评价规范 + +## 1 范围 + +本文件规定了高质量团体标准的评价原则、评价条件、评价内容、评价程序及结果等内容。本文件适用于团体标准的高质量效果评价。 + +## 2 规范性引用文件 + +下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中,注日期的引用文件,仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件;不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 + +GB/T 1.1 标准化工作导则 第1部分:标准化文件的结构和起草规则 + +GB/T 20003.1 标准制定的特殊程序 第1部分:涉及专利的标准 + +## 3 术语和定义 + +下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 + +3.1 + +高质量团体标准 high quality association standards + +依法成立的社会团体协调相关市场主体,按照相应程序经协商一致,共同制定的满足高质量发展需要,具有创新性、先进性、适用性、国际性、规范性的团体标准。 + +## 4 评价原则 + +## 4.1 公平公正 + +评价全过程公开透明,相关方诚实信用,申报材料真实可靠、现行有效,评价专家遵守回避原则。 + +## 4.2 全面系统 + +覆盖团体标准制定、实施以及标准实施效果监督的全生命周期质量要素,对团体标准的创新性、先进性、适用性、国际性、规范性等方面进行全面系统的质量评价。 + +## 4.3 程序规范 + +评价程序统一、完整、规范,评价过程吸纳的生产者、经营者、使用者、消费者、公共利益方等代表参与。 + +注:公共利益方是指教育科研机构、有关行政主管部门、检测及认证机构、社会团体等。 + +## 4.4 注重实效 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00008.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00008.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a137680443f93531486880e0bb0e7399564dccea --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00008.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ + + +图1 高质量团体标准评价指标体系框架 + +## 6.2 指标赋分 + +高质量团体标准评价关键指标赋分为100分,可增设不大于10分的扩展指标,具体赋分情况应符合表1要求。 + +表1 高质量团体标准评价指标赋分 + +
序号一级指标赋分二级指标赋分
1创新性20创新实现10
2创新产出10
3先进性20技术实现10
4领跑领先10
5适用性35实施应用10
6解决问题5
7采信应用5
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00009.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00009.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e00c21a837add347725db52d16c582f69be117cd --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00009.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +表 1 高质量团体标准评价指标赋分(续) + + +
序号一级指标赋分二级指标赋分
8影响力5
9综合效益10
10国际性10国际推广5
11国际应用5
12规范性15文本质量5
13程序质量10
14扩展指标10奖项奖励3
15标准转化3
16其他4
合计100+10100+10
+ +## 7 评价程序及结果 + +## 7.1 申报材料 + +申报材料应真实、完整、准确,包括但不限于: + +——团体标准制定程序文件; + +——团体标准文本、全国团体标准信息平台公示截图、团体标准编制说明; + +——创新性、先进性证明文件; + +——必要专利的披露证明文件、团体标准意见汇总处里表、技术审查意见或会议纪要、会议照片及其他标准征求意见、审查答复证明文件; + +——团体标准采信应用证明文件; + +——团体标准实施应用、综合效益、奖项奖励及其他证明文件。 + +## 7.2 形式审查 + +7.2.1 应开展形式审查,对申报团体标准的申报条件符合性和申报材料完整性进行审查。 + +7.2.2 形式审查内容应符合本文件第5章和7.1条要求。 + +## 7.3 专业评价 + +7.3.1 应开展专业评价,组建评价专家组,评价专家组人数应为单数,宜不少于5人,由相关技术领域、标准化、公共利益方等专家构成。评价专家应符合以下要求: + +a) 与评价对象无利益关联或利益冲突; diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00010.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00010.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..78f240ba7737922934af08ab38dab1d377438a2b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00010.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +由于面向不同业务、采用不同技术架构的应用面临安全风险不一样,需要满足不同的安全保护要求。本文件规定了电力行业网络安全等级保护的总体要求,并针对各级别等级保护对象,按照业务分类分别规定了电力监控系统与管理信息系统的安全保护通用要求,按照技术架构分别给出了云计算、移动互联、物联网和大数据的安全保护扩展要求。总体要求、安全通用要求和安全扩展要求共同构成等级保护对象的安全保护要求,如图2所示。 + + + +图 2 总体要求、安全通用要求与安全扩展要求 + +## 6 总体要求 + +## 6.1 总体技术要求 + +本项要求包括: + +a)电力企业内部基于计算机和网络技术的业务系统,应划分为生产控制大区和管理信息大区,两个大区之间有信息通信交换时应部署经国家指定部门检测认证的电力专用横向单向安全隔离装置; + +b)生产控制大区宜分为控制区(又称安全区Ⅰ)和非控制区(又称安全区Ⅱ),两个安全区之间应采用具有访问控制的设备、防火墙或者相当功能的设施,实现逻辑隔离; + +c)管理信息大区内部在不影响生产控制大区安全的前提下,可根据企业安全要求划分安全区(如安全区Ⅲ、信息内网和信息外网等),不同安全区之间应采用具有访问控制的设备、防火墙或者相当功能的设施,实现逻辑隔离; + +d)电力调度数据网应在专用通道上使用独立的网络设备组网,在物理层面上实现与电力企业其他数据网及外部公用数据网的安全隔离; + +e)电力调度数据网应划分为逻辑隔离的实时子网和非实时子网,分别连接控制区和非控制区,控制区的信息系统数据通信应使用电力调度数据网的实时子网或专用通道进行传输,非控制区的信息系统数据通信应使用电力调度数据网的非实时子网进行传输; + +f)在生产控制大区与电力调度数据网广域网的纵向交接处应设置经过国家指定部门检测认证的电力专用纵向加密认证装置或者加密认证网关及相应设施,确保策略配置有效,实现双向身份认证、访问控制和数据加密传输,并按照国家密码管理部门与行业有关要求使用密码算法; + +g)生产控制大区不应直接与公共网络连接,生产控制大区的网络业务系统与其终端的纵向连接中使用无线通信网、电力企业其他数据网(非电力调度数据网)或外部公用数据网的虚拟专用网 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00011.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00011.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d510b111c9daff90cc11541a0aa85a9cc6950a3a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00011.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +## 引言 + +为了落实国家网络安全等级保护相关标准规范要求,为电力企业开展电力行业网络安全等级保护定级、建设、测评与整改等工作提供指导,需制定电力行业网络安全等级保护标准。 + +本文件是电力行业网络安全等级保护相关系列标准之一。与本文件相关的文件包括: + +—DL/T 2613—2023《电力行业网络安全等级保护测评指南》 + +本文件以 GB/T 22239—2019《信息安全技术 网络安全等级保护基本要求》为基础,融合《电力监控系统安全防护规定》(国家发展和改革委员会令 2014 年第 14 号)等电力行业网络安全保护政策法规要求,参考原国家电监会信息中心发布《电力行业信息系统安全等级保护基本要求》(电监信息〔2012〕62 号)相关内容,提出电力行业网络安全等级保护要求。本文件在 GB/T 22239—2019 规定的基本要求基础上,给出了部分新增、增强和细化要求。 diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00012.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00012.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..31a7155601031763384ab1e87a0cd50a81f169fc --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00012.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +## 参考文献 + +[1] GB/T 30271-2013 信息安全技术 信息安全服务能力评估准则 + +[2] GB/T 30276-2020 信息安全技术 网络安全漏洞管理规范 + +[3] GB/T 31168—2014 信息安全技术 云计算服务安全能力要求 + +[4] GB/T 34942—2017 信息安全技术 云计算服务安全能力评估方法 + +[5] GB/T 36626—2018 信息安全技术 信息系统安全运维管理指南 + +[6] GB/T 36637—2018 信息安全技术 ICT 供应链安全风险管理指南 + +[7] GB/T 36443-2018 信息安全技术 网络安全威胁信息格式规范 + +[8] GB/T 38643—2020 信息安全技术 网络安全事件应急演练指南 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00013.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00013.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..801e4fe9322cb9d47a77e255214aaa15af504682 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00013.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +## 信息安全技术 网络安全服务能力要求 + +## 1 范围 + +本文件规定了网络安全服务的能力要求,包括一般要求和增强要求。 + +本文件适用于指导网络安全服务机构开展网络安全服务,以及评价网络安全服务机构的能力水平,也可为网络安全服务需求方选择网络安全服务机构时提供参考。 + +注:本文件所述网络安全服务不含涉及国家秘密的网络安全服务。 + +## 2 规范性引用文件 + +下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中,注日期的引用文件,仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件;不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 + +GB/T 20984 信息安全技术 信息安全风险评估方法 + +GB/T 22080 信息技术 安全技术 信息安全管理体系 要求 + +GB/T 25069 信息安全技术 术语 + +GB/T 36959 信息安全技术 网络安全等级保护测评机构能力要求和评估规范 + +GB/T 39204—2022 信息安全技术 关键信息基础设施安全保护要求 + +GB/T 42446 信息安全技术 网络安全从业人员能力基本要求 + +GB/T 42461 信息安全技术 网络安全服务成本度量指南 + +国家网络安全事件应急预案(2017年1月10日 中央网络安全和信息化领导小组办公室$2017$4号公布) + +网络产品安全漏洞管理规定(2021年7月12日 工业和信息化部 国家互联网信息办公室 公安部 [2021]66号公布) + +网络关键设备和网络安全专用产品目录(第一批)(2017年6月1日 国家互联网信息办公室 工业和信息化部 公安部 国家认证认可监督管理委员会(2017)01号公布) + +## 3 术语和定义 + +GB/T 25069 界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 + + +## 3.1 网络安全服务 cybersecurity service + +根据服务协议,基于服务人员、技术、工具、管理和资金等资源,提供保障网络运行安全、网络信息安全等服务的相关过程。 + +注$^{1}$:常见的网络安全服务包括检测评估、安全运维和安全咨询等。 + +注$^{2}$:网络安全服务通常以供需双方的服务项目形式进行。 + +注$^{3}$:网络安全等级保护测评、高用密码应用安全性评估属于检测评估服务中的特定类别服务。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00014.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00014.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d4ac744b08fe73cf5558f70e32261485d53d7a4c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00014.md @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +## 信息技术 数据交易服务平台 + +## 交易数据描述 + +## 1 范围 + +本标准规定了数据交易服务平台中交易数据描述的相关信息及这些信息的描述方法,包括必选信息和可选信息两部分。 + +本标准适用于数据交易服务平台。 + +## 2 规范性引用文件 + +下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 + +GB/T 4754 国民经济行业分类 + +GB/T 4880.1 语种名称代码 第1部分:2字母代码 + +GB/T 4881 中国语种代码 + +## 3 术语和定义 + +下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 + +## 3.1 + +## 数据交易服务平台 data transaction service platform + +为数据交易提供各项服务的信息化平台。 + +## 3.2 + +## 交易数据 transaction data + +在数据交易服务平台上供需双方进行交易的合法、合规数据。 + +## 3.3 + +## 源数据 source data + +数据供方未经过特定需求加工直接用于交易的数据。 + +## 3.4 + +## 服务数据 service data + +以源数据为基础,经过特定需求加工,满足特定目标的数据。 + +## 3.5 + +## 数据供方 data supplier + +在数据交易服务平台上提供交易数据的组织或个人。 + +## 3.6 + +## 数据需方 data demander + +在数据交易服务平台上发布数据需求或搜索、购买数据的组织或个人。 + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00015.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00015.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..557d884cf0caed93919a9c1c95b45fca1de9142c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00015.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +## 3.7 对象标识符 object identifier + +与对象相关联的用来无歧义地标识对象的全局唯一的值,可保证对象在通信或信息处理中正确地定位和管理。 + +## 4 缩略语 + +下列缩略语适用于本文件。 + +API$_{1}$应用程序编程接口(Application Programming Interface) + +OID: 对象标识符 (Object Identifier) + +## 5 交易数据描述框架 + +交易数据描述信息包括必选信息和可选信息两部分。 + +必选信息包括:数据编号、数据名称、关键词、所属行业、数据种类、数据内容、数据价格、数据计费方式、数据规模、数据存储格式、采集时间、数据发布时间、数据溯源、数据质量、交付方式、供方权属范围、需方权属范围、更新频度和更新方式。 + +可选信息包括:语种、数据用途、失效时间、水印标识、签名标识。 + +交易数据描述框架如图 1 所示。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00016.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00016.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7d80506a9886fc711ff62b2758fe5293ceb282c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00016.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + + + +图 1 交易数据描述框架图 + +## 6 必选信息 + +## 6.1 数据编号 + +描述:交易数据在数据交易服务平台上的唯一编号。 + +值域:平台建设方自定义。 + +注:可依据 GB/T 26231—2010 对交易数据进行编号,编号规则参见附录 A。 + +## 6.2 数据名称 + +描述:交易数据在平台发布时采用的名称,突出数据集内容、特点、产生时间等。 + +值域:数据供方自定义。 diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00017.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00017.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bf68972b29fb42898176fb8c654ec79bf3c69304 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00017.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +## 信息技术 大数据 面向分析的 + +## 数据存储与检索技术要求 + +## 1 范围 + +本文件规定了支撑多应用融合分析的大数据列式存储与检索技术要求。 + +本文件适用于面向分析的数据存储与检索的系统或子系统的设计、开发和使用。 + +## 2 规范性引用文件 + +下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中,注日期的引用文件,仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件;不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 + +GB/T 35295—2017 信息技术 大数据 术语 + +## 3 术语和定义 + +GB/T 35295—2017 界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 + + +## 3.1元数据 metadata + +定义和描述其他数据的数据。 + +[来源:GB/T 18391.1—2009.3.2.16] + +## 3.2 存储布局 storage layout + +数据在存储系统中的存储规划和安排。 + +注:通常包括各数据单元在存储系统中相对的存储顺序和存储位置的偏移等。 + +## 3.3 检索 retrieval + +使用一定方法或工具,从数据集合中找出用户所需数据或数据相关信息的过程。 + +## 4 缩略语 + +下列缩略语适用于本文件。 + +CSV:逗号分隔值(Comma Separated Values) + +EB: 百亿亿字节 (Exa Byte) + +JSON: 脚本对象(JavaScript Object Notation) + +OLAP$_ {1}$ 联机分析处理(On-line Analytical Processing) + +PB: 千万亿字节 (Peta Byte) + +SQL: 结构化查询语言 (Structured Query Language) + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00018.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00018.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2a3768426931bdce655e958ccf0d7d27bf5a92eb --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00018.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +WiFi: 无线保真(Wireless Fidelity) + +## 5 概述 + +在大数据场景中,数据分析是通往大数据应用的首要步骤,需要简便、快捷和准确的数据组织和管理方法,这种组织和管理主要体现在存储和检索方面。检索活动与数据分析中的数据提取直接关联,存储活动为数据分析提供便捷的数据组织。数据存储表的示例见附录A。 + +本文件描述的数据表为大数据场景下面向分析的数据存储和检索提供数据组织和管理方面的支持。 + +## 6 数据表结构 + +## 6.1 数据表 + +数据表是对数据进行组织和管理的一种数据分层次编排结构和多层结构,其组成部分包括:数据子表(以下简称“子表”)、数据行组(以下简称“行组”)、数据列组(以下简称“列组”)和数据页,如图1所示。一张数据表包含1张或多张子表,主要用于对数据进行面向分析的组织和管理,数据表的元数据独立于数据表外存储。这些组成部分统称为数据单元。 + +图 1 数据表结构图 + +## 6.2 子表 + +子表是组织和管理数据的最大数据单元,由子表头部、行组、子表尾部组成,一张子表内的数据可划分为1 ~ n个行组。子表的一般结构如图2所示。 + +子表头部给出子表的标识、版本信息以及子表的元数据。子表尾部给出子表的行组/列组索引,以及行组位置信息。行组索引由多个列组索引组成。 + +子表索引由行组索引组成。首次使用时,由行组索引记录汇聚而成,可缓存在内存中。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00019.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00019.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4024c2b21cffe56b8b87c458f3c6d34751ae0b22 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00019.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + + +图1 开发运维一体化能力成熟度模型 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00020.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00020.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d9aec62ec3ac63fb75c0a14178f311480e001a09 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00020.md @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +表 1 能力域与能力列表 + + + +
能力域能力
项目管理估算与计划
监控与调整
风险与机会管理
供方管理
过程改进组织治理
过程改进基础设施
过程资产管理
过程管理
收编管理
组织结构图
支持和保障度量和分析
根据分析和解决
配置管理
安全管理
决策分析和解决
过程质量保障
产品研发产品规划
需求工程
架构与设计
实现
构建与集成
测试
持续集成和交付
服务管理战略服务规划
服务交付
服务监控
服务连续性
基础设施系统与工具规划
系统与工具支撑
环境支撑
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00021.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00021.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0830802abe23a7ebc2522cb9d0759256cfa37871 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00021.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +表 2 能力实践组等级演进表 + + + +
PGL.韩振基本要求
五维持续优化线(Optimizing)• 在四维基础之上(即包含所有四维实数)
• 应用统计方法或其他量化技术来识别影响过程输出结果的一般原则,优化,提升过程性能以更好地支持组织业务目标的达成
四维定量管理线(Quantitively Managed)• 在三基础之上(即包含所有三基实证)
• 应用统计方法或其他量化技术则并消除引发过程性能波动的特殊原因,提升过程稳定性和对过程输出结果的预测能力
三维已定义域 (Defined)• 在二级基础之上(即包含所有二级实践) • 有横跨多个项目或部门的标准流程定义和相应的趋势覆盖 • 项目或团队持续使用和贡献组织过程资产
二维B管理级(Managed)• 有满足能力全部意图和价值的实践集,支持能力相关过程定义所需定义的过程具有明显的可重复性 • 计划项目或团队的各类目标、管控对目标的速度以及偏差
一维初始段(Initial)• 有满足能力意图和价值的初步方法 • 尚没有完整的、系统的实践以充分支持能力所包含的意图和价值
+ +## 4.2.2 能力域、能力和实践 + +DevOps 能力成熟度模型可拆分为能力域、能力以及实践集三层结构见图 2。整个模型包含六个能力域,分别为项目管理、过程改进、支持和保障、服务管理、产品研发以及基础设施。能力域由若干有一定关联的能力所组成,作为一个抽象整体,体现了组织进行过程改进的基本单元。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00022.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00022.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9769b190dd049b20d90491c1fffa4213f772e0f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00022.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ + + +图 2 能力域、能力、实践集结构图 + +能力是由一组有关联关系的若干实践组成,作为一个抽象整体(即实践集),实现一个或者多个事先定义的意图或目标。表1列出所有的能力域以及相应的能力。 + +实践也称最佳实践,是模型的最基本组成单位,描述了开发运维一体化特定环节中具备广泛认同的实践,包括方法、工序以及工具等。这些最佳实践对其他应用开发运维一体化模式的团队和个体具有明显的借鉴和参考意义。若干有关联关系的最佳实践组成的集合是支撑能力意图和价值达成的基本单位。 + +## 4.2.3 模型视图 +模型视图由能力域组合而成。通过构建不同的视图,模型可以支持不同的应用场景和应用领域。本文件定义的模型提供两类视图,即推荐方式和定制方式。本文件目前仅支持一种视图,即表1中除了供方管理能力之外,其他能力均应包含在内。 + +a)推荐方式:本方式由按照内在逻辑关系事先定义的若干能力域组合而成。推荐方式的视图由 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00023.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00023.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..48ab63952775cc4bc1cb93978547d2eb59f9a5bb --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00023.md @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +BI: 构建与集成 (Building and Integration) + +CAR: 根因分析和解决 (Causal Analysis and Resolution) + +CICD: 持续集成和交付 (Continuous Integration & Continuous Delivery) + +CM: 配置管理 (Configuration Management) + +DAR:决策分析和解决(Decision Analysis and Resolution) + +DevOps:开发运维一体化(Development and Operations) + +ES: 环境支撑(Environment Supporting) + +ESP: 估算与计划(EStimating and Planning) + +GOV:组织治理(GOV ernance) + +MA: 度量和分析 (Measurement and Analysis) + +MC: 监控与调整(Monitoring and Control) + +PAM: 过程资产管理(Process Asset Management) + +$PDP_{1}$产品规划(ProDact Planning) + +PGL:实践组等级(Practice Group Level) + +PII: 过程改进基础设施 (Process Improvement Infrastructure) + +PQA: 过程质量保障 (Process Quality Assurance) + +PROM: 过程管理(PROCESS Management) + +ROM: 风险与机会管理 (Risk and Opportunity Management) + +RQE:需求工程(ReQuirement Engineering) + +SC: 服务连续性 (Service Continuity) + +SD: 服务交付 (Service Delivery) + +SM:供方管理(Supplier Management) + +SSP:战略服务规划(Strategic Service Planning) + +STP$_{2}$ 系统与工具规划(Systems and Tools Planning) + +STS: 系统与工具支撑 (Systems and Tools Supporting) + +SVCM$_{1}$服务监控(SerViCe Monitoring) + +$TE_1$测试(TEsting) + +## 4 概述 + +## 4.1 开发运维一体化 + +开发运维一体化(DevOps)以软件系统功能在生产环境中的部署并为用户持续提供服务作为价值实现的判断依据。在这一基本价值观的牵引下,需要组织打通不同部门之间的协作壁垒;建立项目或者团队的共同愿景:快速、持续地完成软件系统功能的开发、交付以及运维,从而实现价值的持续流动。一些基本约定如下: + +——开发运维一体化概念涵盖的组织范围不同限于开发(或类似)和运维(或类似)两个部门,在其 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00024.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00024.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b42acecc67270a6b6b48b6b1e59a6a9d458e28d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00024.md @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +## A.4 安全漏洞的分类及描述 + +安全漏洞的分类及描述见表 A.4。 + +表 A.4 安全漏洞的分类及描述 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
安全漏洞分类描述
资源管理错误因对系统资源(如内存、文件和 CPU 使用率等)的错误管理导致的漏洞
输入验证错误因对输入的数据缺少正确的验证而产生的漏洞,包括缓冲区错误、注入、路径遍历、后置链接和跨站请求伪造等
处理逻辑错误在设计实现过程中,因处理逻辑实现问题或分支覆盖不全面等原因造成
加密问题未正确使用相关密码算法,导致的内容未正确加密、弱加密和明文存储个人信息等问题
密码应用问题缺乏有效的密码应用管理机制,导致受影响 SDK 存在能被攻击者利用的默认密码、硬编码密码或硬编码证书等问题
数据转换问题程序处理上下文因对数据类型、编码、格式或含义等理解不一致导致的安全问题
配置错误App 或组件在使用过程中因配置文件、配置参数或默认不安全的配置状态而产生的漏洞
信息泄露在运行过程中,因配置等错误导致的受影响组件信息被非授权获取的漏洞,包括日志信息泄露、调试信息泄露或侧信道信息泄露
故障注入通过改变运行环境触发,可能导致代码、系统数据或执行过程发生错误的安全问题
其他暂时无法将漏洞归入上述任何类别,或没有足够充分的信息对其进行分类,漏洞细节未指明
diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00025.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00025.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dcf2c0222ea5a17286baceedd16018a8122d91e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00025.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +## 参考文献 + +[1] GB/T 8566—2022 系统与软件工程 软件生存周期过程 + +[2] GB/T 15532—2008 计算机软件测试规范 + +[3] GB/T 20269—2006 信息安全技术 信息系统安全管理要求 + +[4] GB/T 20271—2006 信息安全技术 信息系统通用安全技术要求 + +[5] GB/T 20984—2022 信息安全技术 信息安全风险评估方法 + +[6] GB/T 22032—2021 系统与软件工程 系统生存周期过程 + +[7] GB/T 22239—2019 信息安全技术 网络安全等级保护基本要求 + +[8] GB/T 25070—2019 信息安全技术 网络安全等级保护安全设计技术要求 + +[9] GB/T 28172—2011 嵌入式软件质量保证要求 + +[10] GB/T 28452—2012 信息安全技术应用软件系统通用安全技术要求 + +[11] GB/T 30276—2020 信息安全技术 网络安全漏洞管理规范 + +[12] GB/T 30279—2020 信息安全技术 网络安全漏洞分类分级指南 + +[13] GB/T 32421—2015 软件工程 软件评审与审核 + +[14] GB/T 33132—2016 信息安全技术 信息安全风险处理实施指南 + +[15] GB/T 34975—2017 信息安全技术 移动智能终端应用软件 安全技术要求和测试评价方法 + +[16] GB/T 35273—2020 信息安全技术 个人信息安全规范 + +[17] GB/T 37964—2019 信息安全技术 个人信息去标识化指南 + +[18] GB/T 39335—2020 信息安全技术 个人信息安全影响评估指南 + +[19] GB/T 39412—2020 信息安全技术 代码安全审计规范 + +[20] GB/T 39786—2021 信息安全技术 信息系统密码应用基本要求 + +[21] YD/T 2439—2012 移动互联网恶意程序描述格式 + +[22] TC260-PG—20191A 网络安全实践指南—移动互联网应用基本业务功能必要信息规范 + +[23] App 违法违规收集使用个人信息行为认定方法(国信办秘字〔2019〕191 号),2019 年 11 月 28 日 + +[24] 移动智能终端应用软件预置和分发管理暂行规定(工信部信管[2016]407号),2016年12月16日 + +[25] 网络产品安全漏洞管理规定(工信部联网安$2021$66号),2021年7月13日 + +[26] 关于开展纵深推进 App 侵害用户权益专项整治行动的通知(工信部信管函$2020$164号),2020年7月22日 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00026.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00026.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7dde77755435483fa19b99ac5ceb62c5eeacb533 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00026.md @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +## 6.1.2 安全质量分析 + +App 提供者实施以下与安全质量分析相关的管理: + +a)设置安全质量目标,确定每个安全质量度量项的目标水平,度量项包括完整性指标和可用性指标(如需要访问的业务相关权限的最小个数等); + +b)制定安全质量管理计划,在App生命周期内执行并维护该计划; + +c)编制安全质量文档,组织质量工程师和开发人员对安全质量文档进行评审; + +d)建立安全质量管理监控机制,当安全质量目标无法实现时,采取适当的调整措施。 + +## 6.2 开发设计阶段 + +## 6.2.1 方案设计 + +App 提供者实施以下与方案设计相关的管理。 + +a)根据安全需求说明书编制安全设计方案,进行威胁建模和风险分析: + +- 对 App 的默认攻击面和最大攻击面进行安全分析并优化,使攻击面最小化; + +- 采用威胁建模等方式对 App 业务进行风险分析,并对分析出来的风险制定消减方案; + +- 对个人信息的处理目的、处理方式、保护措施的有效性等进行影响评估; + +- 对有可能采用的第三方开源代码进行风险评估(如是否包含已知安全漏洞、开源软件是否处于维护更新状态以及是否符合开源代码的开源协议要求等)。 + +b)编制安全开发流程文档,归纳开发过程中涉及的安全技术: + +- 编码安全技术,尽可能减少代码缺陷; + +- 通信安全技术,降低 App 被远程控制或通信数据被利用(如监听、篡改等)的危害; + +- 访问控制技术(如身份鉴别、口令安全和权限管理等); + +- 日志记录与保护技术,确保用户操作日志和安全事件日志被安全地记录和访问; + +- 数据保护与密码技术,确保敏感数据的保密性、可用性和完整性。 + +## 6.2.2 方案评审 + +App 提供者实施以下与方案评审相关的管理: + +a) 自定义安全评价准则(如安全需求的可追溯性、一致性和可测试性,安全设计方案的可行性和可维护性等)或使用成熟度评估模型作为评审方法; + +b)组织相关方对安全设计方案和安全开发流程文档进行评审,记录评审结果并形成方案评审记录。 + +## 6.2.3 安全开发 + +App 提供者从程序安全和安全保障两方面开展开发相关的安全活动(见附录 C)。 + +## 6.2.4 代码管理 + +App 提供者实施以下与代码管理相关的管理。 + +a)不在代码中嵌入存在风险的代码(如无关链接、逻辑炸弹、后门、恶意程序或应用行为风险等相关代码)。 + +b)在编码完成后使用代码扫描工具或人工代码检查等方式对代码进行评审,识别并修复代码中的安全漏洞。 + +c)对源代码或依赖库的操作(如修改、更新或发布等)进行访问控制管理。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00027.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00027.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..432b5d0c49f72bebb634822f689226b5dde21997 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00027.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +c) 制定网络安全信息的标记方法,标记后的信息用于通信、存储或展示。标记涵盖信息的敏感程度、共享范围、存储方式等。 + +d)建立敏感信息保护机制。信息提供者直接发布或将网络安全信息提交给信息管理者进行发布前,采用数据脱敏技术对网络安全信息中的敏感字段进行脱敏处理,确保仅包含描述网络安全信息所必需的信息。常见的数据脱敏方法包括混淆、替换、置空、加密等。网络安全信息的脱敏处理包括个人信息脱敏和由于共享范围变更对信息脱敏。 + +1)个人信息脱敏主要用于网络安全信息共享过程中的个人信息保护。信息共享前将个人信息与非个人信息进行有效的区分,采用个人信息去标识化技术和模型对个人信息进行脱敏和保护,根据信息的预期用途、敏感性和预期共享目标等,确定脱敏程度和效果,采取去标识化、加密等相应技术进行处理。GB/T35273—2020给出了个人信息处理活动的原则和安全要求,GB/T37964—2019给出了个人信息常用去标识化技术; + +2)由于共享范围变更对信息脱敏主要是在共享范围变化时,对不适宜在共享范围变更后共享的敏感信息进行脱敏。 + +e) 信息管理者制定信息审查和跟踪规程,建立共享活动评价、监管和问责等机制,保证共享活动的活跃性,确保参与者均按照共享基本原则,收集、存储、使用、加工、传输、提供、公开、删除网络安全信息。 + +f)信息管理者制定激励措施,提高参与者参与共享活动的积极性和主动性。 + +## 8.3 共享活动实施 + +## 8.3.1 基本工作流程 + +共享活动实施阶段的主要任务包括建立网络安全信息清单、保护网络安全信息、监督和评价、持续共享、使用网络安全信息、调整共享活动和退出共享活动。共享活动实施阶段基本工作流程见图3。 + + + +图 3 共享活动实施阶段基本工作流程 + +## 8.3.2 建立网络安全信息清单 + +通常包括以下工作。 + +a) 信息提供者参考附录 C 中网络安全信息描述对掌握的网络安全信息内容进行提取、分析和总结,形成网络安全信息,标记信息后直接发布或提交给信息管理者。信息提供者建立的安全信息清单至少包括信息类别、共享范围、信息详情、信息生成时间和提交时间等内容。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00028.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00028.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1fc0ef303fd32c9f804b3db3365bf3d3b674123c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00028.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + + +图 B.4 群共享模式 + +在群共享模式中,所有共享活动参与者之间基于对等信任的关系,需要事先建立统一的信息共享协议,规定信息共享的内容形式以及允许的详细程度。信息提供者向其他所有共享活动参与者发布共享信息。共享活动参与者彼此信任的基础是拥有共同目标,尊重规定的共享规则,并愿意参与互惠共享。 + +群共享模式的优势是每个共享活动参与者均可快速灵活地参与共享活动,快速分享信息和使用信息,且实现成本较混合共享模式大为减少。但由于缺少了共享中心对共享信息的统一管理维护,信息共享的可靠性与保密性会大大降低,需要限制共享信息的内容敏感级别以及对共享参与者设置准入条件。 diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00029.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00029.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27ee08512000dc3218d15541b35e81f4b1430e8c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00029.md @@ -0,0 +1,115 @@ +## 附录 C + +## (资料性) + +## 网络安全信息描述 + +## C.1 威胁信息描述 + +GB/T 36643—2018 的 6.2~6.9 给出了关于网络安全威胁信息组件描述的相关要求。 + +## C.2 安全事件信息描述 + +安全事件信息描述如表 C.1 所示。 + +表 C.1 事件信息描述 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
编号内容
字段 1事件名称
字段 2起始时间
字段 3攻击者及意图
字段 4目标对象
字段 5现象描述
字段 6攻击原理
字段 7影响范围
字段 8应对措施
字段 9其他描述
+ +## C.3 脆弱性信息描述 + +脆弱性信息描述如表 C.2 所示。 + +表 C.2 脆弱性信息描述 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
编号内容
字段 1名称
字段 2发布时间
字段 3发布单位
字段 4类别
字段 5等级
字段 6影响系统
字段 7利用方法
字段 8解决方案建议
字段 9其他描述
diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00030.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00030.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8e7491e3da8ce402b3354f21fb2ab639101dadde --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00030.md @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +## C.4 应对措施信息描述 + +应对措施信息描述如表 C.3 所示。 + +表 C.3 应对措施信息描述 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
编号内容
字段 1措施名称
字段 2所属子类(防御/响应)
字段 3单位名称
字段 4实施对象
字段 5措施目的
字段 6具体描述
+ +## C.5 经验信息描述 + +经验信息描述如表 C.4 所示。 + +表 C.4 经验信息描述 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
编号内容
字段1经验信息名称
字段2单位名称
字段3具体描述
字段4风险等级
字段5应对措施
+ +## C.6 态势信息描述 + +态势信息描述如表 C.5 所示。 + +表 C.5 态势信息描述 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
编号内容
字段1态势信息类型
字段2态势信息名称
字段3上报单位名称
字段4态势信息来源
字段5态势信息具体描述
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00031.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00031.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8626390ce23eaaba01779a535ba116ca50a5fa8a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00031.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +3)对照查看服务功能和算法变更日志与算法梳理记录,检查算法梳理记录是否根据服务功能和算法的变更及时更新。 + +b)检查是否对算法服务的基本原理、目的意图和主要运行机制等进行公示,研判公示方式是否适当。 + +c) 查看算法安全评估报告,检查是否在提供算法服务前开展以下算法安全评估: + +1)分析算法在各项服务中对用户、社会以及应用者自身造成的安全风险,研判伦理安全评估结果是否符合社会公德和伦理,对可能存在的伦理争议做出选择并提供解释; + +2)算法在各服务功能中的可用性、可靠性、健壮性等评估,研判安全评估结果是否符合算法服务场景的安全要求; + +3)可复现性评估,研判算法在各服务功能中产生的输出结果,是否与算法提供者对算法描述的能力一致。 + +d) 开展下列工作以评估算法相关服务的可恢复性: + +1)查看算法相关服务的安全应急处置机制,检查是否设置算法相关服务的可恢复性指标,研判该指标是否符合算法相关服务的安全需求以及算法本身的技术特点; + +2)查看算法相关服务的安全应急处置机制,检查是否设置了恢复算法相关服务的机制和流程; + +3)查看算法相关服务培训和演练日志,检查是否对恢复算法相关服务进行培训和演练; + +4)查看算法相关服务的安全应急处置日志,检查是否达到安全应急处置机制提出的可恢复性指标。 + +e) 开展下列工作以评估算法相关服务是否可中断: + +1)查看算法相关服务的安全应急处置机制,是否针对算法安全意外设置了人工中断服务的机制; + +2)查看算法相关服务培训和演练日志,检查是否就安全应急处置机制进行培训和演练; + +3)查看算法相关服务的安全应急处置日志,检查所记录的安全应急处置事件是否符合要求; + +4)查看投诉举报记录,检查投诉举报是否包含安全意外发生后服务无法被人工中断的相关内容。 + +f) 评估算法相关服务在个人信息收集和使用等环节的安全管理时: + +1)查看个人信息处理必要性分析文档,研判通过必要性论证的个人信息,特别是敏感个人信息,是否为算法相关服务所必需; + +2)比对隐私政策与个人信息处理必要性分析文档,研判隐私政策中描述的个人信息处理范围是否与分析结果一致。 + +g)当利用个人信息提供信息推送、商业营销等机器学习算法服务时: + +1)查看用户操作界面,检查是否具有关闭针对个人特征的选项或者拒绝方式; + +2)研判关闭针对个人特征的选项或者拒绝方式的访问窗口是否显著、便捷,例如通过弹窗方式主动提示入口; + +3)检查关闭针对个人特征的选项或者拒绝方式是否具有默认的时效性,是否在关闭针对个人特征的选项或拒绝后仍提供针对个人特征的算法服务、降低服务质量,诱导或频繁提示用户开启基于个人特征的算法服务。 + +h)评估算法相关服务对于投诉举报的响应、处理、反馈情况时: + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00032.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00032.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f4292c80820d46034e933f7261677b7f39a8ba26 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00032.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +表 A.1 密码应用合规性对照表 + + + + + + + +
指标要求资料技术应用点GB/T 28787基本要求适用情况(适用 — 不适用 —)采取的管控措施说明(如采取的规则及替代性措施)自评结果(通过 /未通过)
物理和环境安全身份鉴别
电子门禁记录数据存储完整性
视频监控记录数据存储完整性
网络和通信安全身份鉴别
通信数据完整性
通信过程中重要数据的机密性
网络边界访问控制信息的完整性
安全接入认证
设备和计算安全身份鉴别
远程管理通道安全
系统资源访问控制信息完整性
重要信息资源安全标记完整性
日志记录完整性
重要可执行程序完整性、重要可执行程序来源真实性
应用和数据安全身份鉴别
访问控制信息完整性
重要信息资源安全标记完整性
重要数据传输机密性
重要数据传输完整性
重要数据存储机密性
重要数据存储完整性
不可否认性
管理制度具备通用应用安全管理制度
密钥管理制度
建立操作规程
定期修订安全管理制度
明确管理制度发布流程
制度执行过程记录存留
人员管理了解并遵守资料相关法律法规与管理制度
建立资料应用岗位责任制度
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00033.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00033.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d0c897fa2b3487bfda6016c42c3f386d81c7191d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00033.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +表 A.1 (续) + +
食品分类号食品名称最大使用量/(g/kg)备注
04.01.02.05果酱0,07
04.01.02.06果泥0,07
04.01.02.07除 04.01.02.05 外的果酱(如印度酸辣酱)0,07
04.01.02.08蜜饯凉果0,065
04.01.02.09装饰性果蔬0,1
04.01.02.10水果甜品,包括果味液体甜品0,1
04.01.02.11发酵的水果制品0,065
04.01.02.12煮熟的或油炸的水果0,065
04.02.02加工蔬菜0,033
04.02.03腌渍的蔬菜0,01
04.03.02.03腌渍的食用菌和藻类0,01
04.03.02.04食用菌和藻类罐头0,033
04.03.02.05经水煮或油炸的藻类0,033
04.03.02.06其他加工食用菌和藻类0,033
04.05.02加工坚果与籽类0,032
04.05.02.04坚果与籽类的泥(酱),包括花生酱等0,033
05.0可可制品、巧克力和巧克力制品(包括代可可脂巧克力及制品)以及糖果(05.02 糖果除外)0,1
05.02.01胶基糖果1,0
05.02.02除胶基糖果以外的其他糖果0,33
06.06即食谷物,包括碾轧燕麦(片)0,16
06.09谷类和淀粉类甜品(如布丁、木薯布丁)0,033
07.0焙烤食品0,08
07.04焙烤食品馅料及其表面用挂浆0,1
09.03预制水产品(半成品)0,01
09.05水产品罐头0,01
10.04其他蛋制品0,1
11.04餐桌甜味料按生产需要适量使用
11.05调味糖浆0,07
12.030,012
12.09.03香辛料酱(如芥末酱、青芥酱)0,012
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00034.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00034.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4d896cab1f5834af39c4d2175b1d1a808418cd3c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00034.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +## 目 次 + +前言 …… I +1 范围 …… 1 +2 术语和定义 …… 1 +3 食品添加剂的使用原则 …… 1 +4 食品分类系统 …… 2 +5 食品添加剂的使用规定 …… 2 +6 食品用香料 …… 2 +7 食品工业用加工助剂 …… 2 +附录 A 食品添加剂的使用规定 …… 3 +附录 B 食品用香料使用规定 …… 119 +附录 C 食品工业用加工助剂使用规定 …… 184 +附录 D 食品添加剂功能类别 …… 196 +附录 E 食品分类系统 …… 197 +附录 F 附录 A 中食品添加剂使用规定索引 …… 208 + +表 A.1 食品添加剂的允许使用品种、使用范围以及最大使用量或残留量 …… 4 +表 A.2 可在各类食品中按生产需要适量使用的食品添加剂名单 …… 114 +表 A.3 按生产需要适量使用的食品添加剂所例外的食品类别名单 …… 117 +表 B.1 不得添加食品用香料、香精的食品名单 …… 119 +表 B.2 允许使用的食品用天然香料名单 …… 121 +表 B.3 允许使用的食品用合成香料名单 …… 135 +表 C.1 可在各类食品加工过程中使用,残留量不需限定的加工助剂名单(不含酶制剂) …… 184 +表 C.2 需要规定功能和使用范围的加工助剂名单(不含酶制剂) …… 185 +表 C.3 食品用酶制剂及其来源名单 …… 190 +表 E.1 食品分类系统 …… 197 diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00035.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00035.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..73a5a8bdf8852a7a20f7824a270d80a09c86d83d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00035.md @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +
砷(As)/(mg/kg)$\leqslant$3.0GB 5009.76
铅(Pb)/(mg/kg)$\leqslant$5.0GB 5009.12
汞(Hg)/(mg/kg)$\leqslant$1.0GB 5009.17
+ +## 附录 A + +## 检验方法 + +A.1 一般规定 + +本质量规格要求所用试剂和水,在没有注明其他要求时,均指分析纯试剂和GB/T 6682中规定的三级水。试验中所用标准滴定溶液、杂质测定用标准溶液、制剂及制品,在没有注明其他要求时,均按GB/T 601、GB/T 602、GB/T 603的规定制备。试验中所用溶液在未注明用何种溶剂配制时,均指水溶液。 + +A. 2 内消旋酒石酸、D-及 L-酒石酸、草酸含量的测定 + +A.2.1 方法提要 + +酒石酸铁与过量的氢氧化物反应分解,经过滤形成的 $\mathrm{Fe(OH)}_{3}$ 。使用有机酸色谱柱为固定相,将 0.01 mol/L 的硫酸作为流动相,利用液相色谱法分离组分。使用示差折光检测器检测,借助外标进行计算。 + +A.2.2 仪器与设备 + +A.2.2.1 高效液相色谱仪:示差折光检测器。 + +A. 2. 2. 2泵。 + +A. 2.2.3自动进样器:配备20 μL的样品回路。 + +A.2.2.4 分离柱:不锈钢管,长度300 mm,内径7.8 mm有机色谱柱。 + +A. 2.2.5柱温箱。 + +A. 2.2.6数据采集与集成系。 + +A. 2.2.7 注射器式滤器,直径30 mm,精度0.45 $\mu$m,色号:绿色。 + +A.2.3 试剂和材料 + +A. 2.3.1 硫酸,浓度 0.01 mol/L. + +A. 2.3.2 一水合内消旋酒石酸,浓度>98%。 + +A. 2.3.3D-酒石酸,浓度>99%。 + +A. 2.3.4L-酒石酸,浓度>99%。 + +A. 2.3.5 二水合草酸,浓度>99%。 + +A. 2.3.6 氢氧化钠溶液,浓度 5 mol/L。 + +A.2.4 样品 + +试样贮存在密闭的棕色瓶中,与氧气隔离。如果样品瓶无法装满,需充入氮气将样品覆盖。避光(紫外线)并置于冰箱低温(4℃)保存。样品溶液在2周内保持稳定。 + +A.2.5 分析步骤 + +A.2.5.1 色谱条件 + +A. 2.5.1.1分离柱色谱柱:有机酸色谱柱,内径$300 \times 7.8$ mm; + +A. 2.5.1.2柱温:10℃; + +A.2.5.1.3 流动相:硫酸(A.2.3.1); + +A. 2.5.1.4 流速:0.3 ml/min; + +A. 2.5.1.5进样体积:20 μL; + +A.2.5.1.6 检测器:示差折光检测器。 + +A.2.5.2 标准溶液的配制 + +A. 2.5.2.1多组分标准溶液A(2份) + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00036.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00036.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fd6be159de8202c1ab126c1e163b27623b5ce8f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00036.md @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +向 50 mL 烧瓶中加入 50mg 至 60 mg 的一水合内消旋酒石酸(A.2.3.2)与 20mg 至 30mg 的 D-酒石酸(A.2.3.3)或 L-酒石酸(A.2.3.4),精确到 0.01mg。加入 50ml 的硫酸(A.2.3.1)溶解。确定总质量,精确到 0.1mg。 + +配置第二份浓度不同的多组分标准溶液A,其中,一水合内消旋酒石酸(A.2.3.2)与D-酒石酸(A.2.3.3)或L-酒石酸(A.2.3.4)的含量应有轻微区别,使测试样品的内消旋酒石酸和D-或L-酒石酸的含量在以上两个标准溶液A之间。 + +## A.2.5.2.2 草酸标准溶液B + +称取 250 mg 的二水合草酸(A.2.3.5),精确到 0.1 mg,用硫酸(A.2.3.1)溶解并定容至 500 mL。确定总质量,精确到 1 mg。 + +## A.2.5.3 多组分标准溶液 A 中内消旋酒石酸、D-及 L-酒石酸的浓度 + +按照A.2.5.6分析两个多组分标准溶液A。 + +用移液管抽取标准溶液A注入小玻璃瓶中,待分析。 + +多组分标准溶液A中内消旋酒石酸、D-及L-酒石酸的浓度分别按照公式(A.1)、(A.2)、(A.3)、(A.4)计算。 + +内消旋酒石酸的质量$M _ {1}$: + +![N₂ = M₀₆₁ × [18C1XK / 6A1M601] ............................ (A.1)](https://sce-test.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/260212034457257_96_c5f70e9cbfe148a69f15e3b2877fa821/260212034457257_96_c5f70e9cbfe148a69f15e3b2877fa821/imgs/image0-1.jpg) + +式中: + +$M _ {1}$ ——多组分标准溶液A中内消旋酒石酸的质量,单位为毫克(mg); + +$M _ {cgl}$ ——多组分标准溶液A—水内消旋酒石酸的质量,单位为毫克(mg); + +X ——标准物质中内消旋酒石酸的质量百分数; + +150.1——内消旋酒石酸的分子量; + +168.1 ——一水合内消旋酒石酸的分子量; + +100 ——换算因子。 + +D-及L-酒石酸的质量$M _ {2}$ + +![M₂ = M₀q₂ + M₀q₁ × [186.4x³y] / [166.4x¹⁰⁰⁶] .................................... (A.2)](https://sce-test.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/260212034457257_96_c5f70e9cbfe148a69f15e3b2877fa821/260212034457257_96_c5f70e9cbfe148a69f15e3b2877fa821/imgs/image0-2.jpg) + +式中: + +$M _ {2}$ ——多组分标准溶液A中无水D-及L-酒石酸的质量,单位为毫克(mg); + +$M _ {cql}$ ——多组分标准溶液A中一水内消旋酒石酸的质量,单位为毫克(mg); + +$M _ {cq2}$ ——多组分标准溶液A中无水D-或L-酒石酸的质量,单位为毫克(mg); + +Y ——标准物质中无水D-及L-酒石酸的质量百分数; + +150.1 ——内消旋酒石酸的分子量; + +168.1 ——一水合内消旋酒石酸的分子量; + +100 ——换算因子。 + +多组分标准溶液A中,内消旋酒石酸的浓度$x _ {1}$、D-及L-酒石酸的浓度$x _ {2}$,按式(A.3)、(A.4)计算: + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00037.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00037.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bf61b3c5be118825e4049ad9bfa35451fa14ef25 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00037.md @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +1 范围 + +本质量规格要求适用于由1-辛烯-3-醇和原乙酸三乙酯为原料制得的食品添加剂4-癸烯酸。 + +2 化学名称、分子式、结构式和相对分子质量 + +2.1 化学名称 + +4-癸烯酸 + +2.2 分子式 + +C10H18O2 + +2.3 结构式 + +$\smiles{CCCCCCC=CCCC(O)=C}$ + +2.4 相对分子质量 + +170.25(按2007年国际相对原子质量) + +3 技术要求 + +3.1 感官要求:应符合表1的规定。 + +表1 感官要求 + + + +
项目要求检验方法
色泽无色将试样置于比色管内,用目测法观察
状态透明液体
备气果香香气GB/T 14454.2
+ +3.2 理化指标:应符合表2的规定。 + +表2 理化指标 + + + +
项目指标检验方法
溶解度(25 ℃)1g试样金溶于1mL 95%(体积分数)乙醇中GBT 14455.3
4-癸烯酸含量,w%97附录A
折光指数(20℃)1.140 ~ 1.160GB/T 14454.4
相对密度(20℃/20℃)0.915 ~ 0.925GB/T 11540
+ +## 附录A + +## 食品添加剂 4-癸烯酸含量的测定 + +A.1 仪器和设备 + +A.1.1 色谱仪:按GB/T 11538—2006中第5章的规定。 + +A.1.2 柱:毛细管柱。 + +A.1.3 检测器:氢火焰离子化检测器。 + +A.2 测定方法 + +面积归一化法:按GB/T 11538—2006中10.4测定含量。 + +A.3 重复性及结果表示 + +按GB/T 11538—2006中第11.4条规定进行,应符合要求。 + +食品添加剂4-癸烯酸气相色谱图及操作条件参见附录B。 + +附录B + +食品添加剂 4-癸烯酸气相色谱图及操作条件 + +(面积归一化法) + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00038.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00038.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7d1bbf3ea2d636b0c3ef845595a76dd689394672 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00038.md @@ -0,0 +1,152 @@ +红曲米,红曲红 red kojic rice, monascus red + +CNS 号 08.119, 08.120 INS 号 — + +功能 着色剂 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
食品分类号食品名称最大使用量/(g /kg )备注
01.01.03调制乳按生产需要适量使用
01.02.02风味发酵乳0.8
01,04.02调制炼乳(包括加糖炼乳及使用了非乳原料的调制炼乳等)按生产需要适量使用
03.0冷冻饮品(03 . 04 食用冰除外)按生产需要适量使用
04,01.02.05果酱按生产需要适量使用
04.02.02.03腌渍的蔬菜按生产需要适量使用
04,02.02.05蔬菜泥(酱),香茄沙司除外按生产需要适量使用
04.04.02.01腐乳类按生产需要适量使用
04.05.02.01熟制坚果与籽类(仅限油炸坚果与籽类)按生产需要适量使用
05.02糖果按生产需要适量使用
05.04装饰糖果(如工艺造型,或用于蛋糕装饰)、顶饰(非水果材料)和甜汁按生产需要适量使用
06,07方便米面制品按生产需要适量使用
06.10粮食制品馅料按生产需要适量使用
07.02糕点0.9
07.03饼干按生产需要适量使用
07.04焙烤食品馅料及表面用挂浆1.0
08,02.02腌腊肉制品类(如成肉、猜肉、板鸭、中式火腿、腊肠)按生产需要适量使用
08.03熟肉制品按生产需要适量使用
11.05调味糖浆按生产需要适量使用
12.0调味品(12 . 01 盐及代盐制品除外)按生产需要适量使用
14.02.03果蔬汁(浆)类饮料按生产需要适量使用
14.03蛋白饮料按生产需要适量使用
14.04碳酸饮料按生产需要适量使用
14.06固体饮料按生产需要适量使用
14.08风味饮料(仅限果味饮料)按生产需要适量使用
15.02配制酒按生产需要适量使用
16.01果冻按生产需要适量使用如用于果冻粉,按冲调倍数增加使用量
16.06膨化食品按生产需要适量使用
diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00039.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00039.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9de2ca616662d0a8a1bb3f7b18bb48fc918a5488 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00039.md @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +己二酸 adipic acid + +CNS号 01.109 INS号 355 + +功能 酸度调节剂 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
食品分类号食品名称最大使用量/(g/kg)备注
05.02.01胶基糖果4.0
14.06固体饮料0.01
16.01果冻0.1如用于果冻粉,按冲调倍数增加使用量
+ +4-己基间苯二酚 4-hexylresorcinol + +CNS 号 04.013 INS 号 586 + +功能 抗氧化剂 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
食品分类号食品名称最大使用量备注
09.01鲜水产(仅限虾类)按生产需要适量使用残留量$\leq1$ mg/kg
+ +甲壳素(又名几丁质)chitin + +CNS 号 20.018 INS号 -- + +功能 增稠剂、稳定剂 + +
食品分类号食品名称最大使用量/(g/kg)备注
02.01.01.02氢化植物油2.0
02.05其他油脂或油脂制品(仅限植脂末)2.0
03.0冷冻饮品(03.04食用冰除外)2.0
04.01.02.05果酱5.0
04.05.02.04坚果与籽类的泥(酱),包括花生酱等2.0
12.031.0
12.10.02.01蛋黄酱、沙拉酱2.0
14.03.01.03乳酸菌饮料2.5固体饮料按稀释倍数增加使用量
15.03.05啤酒和麦芽饮料0.4
+ +姜黄 turmeric + +CNS号08.102 INS号 100ii + +功能 着色剂 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
食品分类号食品名称最大使用量/(g/kg)备注
01.03.02调制乳粉和调制奶油粉0.4以姜黄素计
03.0冷冻饮品(03.04食用冰除外)按生产需要适量使用
04.01.02.05果酱按生产需要适量使用
diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00040.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00040.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5799c806a0d82354c690c0d3108ff31a4fe6b3fc --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00040.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +
备注
+ +(三)芥酸酰胺 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
产品名称中文芥酸酰胺
英文Erucamide
CAS号112-84-5
使用范围塑料:聚1-丁烯(PB-1)
最大使用量/ %0.3
特定迁移限量(SML)/(mg/kg)
最大残留量(QM)/(mg/kg)
备注
+ +(四)硬脂酸钙 + + +
产品名称中文硬脂酸钙
英文Calcium stearate
CAS号1592-23-0
使用范围塑料:聚1-丁烯(PB-1)
最大使用量/%0.2
特定迁移限量(SML)/(mg/kg)
最大残留量(QM)/(mg/kg)
备注
+ +(五)硬脂酸锌 + +
产品名称中文硬脂酸锌
英文Zinc stearate
CAS号557-05-1
使用范围塑料:聚4-甲基-1-戊烯(PMP)
最大使用量/(%)0.04
特定迁移限量
(SML)/(mg/kg)
最大残留量
(QM)/(mg/kg)
备注锌元素SML应当符合GB 9685-2016附录C的规定。
+ +(六) 四[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯 + +
产品名称中文四[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯
英文Pentaerythritol tetra [3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate]
CAS号6683-19-8
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00041.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00041.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..36dd29ba21faca7a485110eb4b0a967a6760d742 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00041.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +## 食品安全国家标准 + +## 食品添加剂使用标准 + +## 1 范围 + +本标准规定了食品添加剂的使用原则、允许使用的食品添加剂品种、使用范围及最大使用量或残留量。 + +## 2 术语和定义 + +## 2.1 食品添加剂 + +为改善食品品质和色、香、味,以及为防腐,保鲜和加工工艺的需要而加入食品中的人工合成或者天然物质。食品用香料、胶基糖果中基础剂物质、食品工业用加工助剂也包括在内。 + +## 2.2 最大使用量 + +食品添加剂使用时所允许的最大添加量。 + +## 2.3 最大残留量 + +食品添加剂或其分解产物在最终食品中的允许残留水平。 + +## 2.4 食品工业用加工助剂 + +保证食品加工能顺利进行的各种物质,与食品本身无关。如助滤、澄清、吸附、脱模、脱色、脱皮、提取溶剂、发酵用营养物质等。 + +## 2.5 国际编码系统 (INS) + +食品添加剂的国际编码,用于代替复杂的化学结构名称表述, + +## 2.6 中国编码系统(CNS) + +食品添加剂的中国编码,由食品添加剂的主要功能类别(见附录D)代码和在本功能类别中的顺序号组成。 + +## 3 食品添加剂的使用原则 + +## 3.1 食品添加剂使用时应符合以下基本要求: + +a) 不应对人体产生任何健康危害; + +b) 不应掩盖食品腐败变质; + +c) 不应掩盖食品本身或加工过程中的质量缺陷或以掺杂、掺假、伪造为目的而使用食品添加剂; + +d)不应降低食品本身的营养价值; + +e)在达到预期效果的前提下尽可能降低在食品中的使用量。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00042.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00042.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a5fd1e1b6ce99372bddb00420d4bea6b20377318 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00042.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +## 关于可溶性大豆多糖等19种“三新食品”的公告 + +发布时间:2019-07-22 来源:食品安全标准与监测评估司 + +## 2019年第4号 + +根据《食品安全法》规定,审评机构组织专家对可溶性大豆多糖等11种食品添加剂新品种、乙酸钠等8种食品相关产品新品种的安全性评估材料审查并通过。 +特此公告。 + +附件:1. 可溶性大豆多糖等11种食品添加剂新品种 + +2.乙酸钠等8种食品相关产品新品种 + +国家卫生健康委 + +2019年7月11日 + +附件1 + +## 可溶性大豆多糖等11种食品添加剂新品种 + +## 一、食品添加剂扩大使用范围 + + +
序号名称功能食品分类号食品名称最大使用量备注
1可溶性大豆多糖抗结剂06.03.02.01生湿面制品(如面条、饺子皮、馄饨皮、烧麦皮)5.0g/kg
2焦糖色(加氨生产)着色剂15.01.07其他蒸馏酒(仅限龙舌兰酒)1.0g/L
3焦糖色(普通法)着色剂15.01.07其他蒸馏酒(仅限龙舌兰酒)1.0g/L
4聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯(PGPR)乳化剂05.04装饰糖果(如工艺造型,或用于蛋糕装饰)、顶饰(非水果材料)和甜汁(仅限巧克力涂层)5.0g/kg
5辣椒红着色剂04.04.01.05新型豆制品(大豆蛋白及其膨化食品、大豆素肉等)按生产需要适量使用
12.09.02香辛料油
6辣椒油树脂增味剂、着色剂08.02.01调理肉制品(生肉添加调料)按生产需要适量使用
08.02.02腌腊肉制品类(如咸肉、腊肉、板鸭、中式火腿、腊肠)
08.03.01.02酱卤肉类
12.09.02香辛料油10.0g/kg
维生素E(dl-α-生02.02水油状脂肪乳化制品
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00043.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00043.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bcf79bd01f71f53afdf6d13da591e9cb7b614ef9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00043.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +(四)1,3-苯二甲酸与1,4-苯二甲酸、癸二酸、2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇和1,2-乙二醇的聚合物 + + +
产品名称中文1,3-苯二甲酸与1,4-苯二甲酸、癸二酸、2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇和1,2-乙二醇的聚合物
英文1,3-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, polymer with 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, decanedioic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol and 1,2-ethanediol
CAS号26353-05-9
使用范围涂料及涂层
最大使用量/%85(以涂膜干重计)
特定迁移限量(SML)/(mg/kg)5(以1,3-苯二甲酸计);7.5(以1,4-苯二甲酸计);0.05(2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇);30(以乙二醇计)
最大残留量(QM)/(mg/kg)
备注以该物质为原料生产的食品接触用涂料及涂层使用温度不得超过127℃。该物质中2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇的含量不得超过30%(以质量分数计)
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00044.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00044.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ba2cf839c3c4a89e2f5f931234749f6ae6cf9eb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00044.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +## 关于蛋白质谷氨酰胺酶等21种“三新食品”的公告(2020年第6号) + +发布时间:2020-08-14 来源:食品安全标准与监测评估司 + +2020年 第6号 + +根据《食品安全法》规定,审评机构组织专家对蛋白质谷氨酰胺酶等5种食品添加剂新品种、微纤化纤维素纸浆等16种食品相关产品新品种的安全性评估材料审查并通过。 + +特此公告。 + +附件: + +http://www.nhc.gov.cn/sps/s7890/202008/093a12a711a04ff98bfd2b10be90f2db.shtml [2020/8/14 17:48:05] + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00045.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00045.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1f9c0454b6f51afe718a504c7a2b8f2f88d670c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00045.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +蛋白质谷氨酰胺酶等5种食品添加剂新品种、微纤化纤维素纸浆等16种食品相关产品新品种公告文本 + +国家卫生健康委 +2020年7月30日 + +相关链接:解读《关于蛋白质谷氨酰胺酶等21种“三新食品”的公告》(2020年第6号) + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00046.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00046.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..26c9dd151feb72524380b2ec737458009d08153c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00046.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +附件 1 + +## 蛋白质谷氨酰胺酶等 5 种食品添加剂新品种 + +## 一、食品工业用酶制剂新品种 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
序号来源
1蛋白质谷氨酰胺酶解阮金黄杆菌
Chryseobacterium proteolyticum
+ +食品工业用酶制剂的质量规格要求应符合《食品安全国家标准 食品添加剂 食品工业用酶制剂》(GB 1886.174)的规定。 + +## 二、食品添加剂扩大使用范围 + +
序号名称功能食品分类号食品名称最大使用量(g/kg)备注
1$dl$-酒石酸酸度调节剂04.02.02.03腌渍的蔬菜3.0以酒石酸计
06.05.02.01粉丝、粉条2.0
2蔗糖脂肪酸酯乳化剂01.02.02风味发酵乳1.5
+ + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00047.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00047.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a69365fbc9baac5c150427862ec878e105849847 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00047.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +$\psi_6$——一氧化氮含量,单位为毫克每千克(mg/kg); + +$\psi_7$——二氧化氮含量,单位为毫克每千克(mg/kg); + +$\psi_{g}$——水含量,单位为毫克每千克(mg/kg); + +$\psi_0$——卤素含量,单位为毫克每千克(mg/kg); + +$10^{-6}$——换算因子。 + +氧化亚氮样品中减去杂质的含量,即为样品中氧化亚氮的含量。试验结果以平行测定结果的算术平均值为准(结果保留4位有效数字),在重复条件下获得两次独立测定结果的绝对差值不大于算术平均值的0.02%。 + +A.5 氮气及氧气的测定 + +A.5.1 方法原理 + +采用气相色谱法测定氧化亚氮中的氧气、氮气含量。载气将被测样品带入色谱柱经分离后进入热导检测器进行检测。外标法定量。 + +A.5.2 试剂和材料 + +A.5.2.1 色谱载气:高纯度氮气,其纯度应大于99.999%。 + +A.5.2.2 标准样品:用纯度大于99.9999%的氦气作底气配制,目的组分含量与待测试样相近。 + +A.5.3 仪器和设备 + +气相色谱仪:配热导检测器。 + +A.5.4 参考色谱条件 + +A.5.4.1 色谱柱:长约 1.5 m,内径 2 mm 的不锈钢管,内装粒径为 0.25 mm-0.4 mm 的 13 X 分子筛(13 X 分子筛,又称钠 X 分子筛,是 diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00048.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00048.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bf26a116527eda2170488c8848070bf1bd77eda9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00048.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +
索引号000013610/2021-01596主题词
主题分类文号
发布机构衛生健康委員會发布日期2021-07-26
+ +## 关于4-$\alpha$-糖基转移酶等28种“三新食品”的公告 + +2021年第6号 + +根据《食品安全法》规定,审评机构组织专家对4-α-糖基转移酶等9种食品添加剂新品种、硅酸钠与三甲基氯硅烷和异丙醇的反应产物等19种食品相关产品新品种的安全性评估材料审查并通过。 + +特此公告。 + +附件:4-α-糖基转移酶等9种食品添加剂新品种、硅酸钠与三甲基氯硅烷和异丙醇的反应产物等19种食品相关产品新品种公告文本 + +国家卫生健康委 + +2021年7月15日 + +相关链接:解读《关于4-$\alpha$-糖基转移酶等28种“三新食品”的公告》 diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00049.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00049.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..714f100996534615fec288d0fdc923c4ffc978c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00049.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
食品分类号食品名称最大使用量/(g/kg)备注
14.06固体饮料0.2以亮蓝计
14.08风味饮料(仅限果味饮料)0.025以亮蓝计
15.02配制酒0.025以亮蓝计
16.01果冻0.025以亮蓝计,如用于果冻粉,按冲调倍数加倍使用量
16.06膨化食品0.05仅限使用亮蓝
+ +磷酸,焦磷酸二氢二钠,焦磷酸钠,磷酸二氢钙,磷酸二氢钾,磷酸氢二铵,磷酸氢二钾,磷酸氢钙,磷酸三钙,磷酸三钾,磷酸三钠,六偏磷酸钠,三聚磷酸钠,磷酸二氢钠,磷酸氢二钠,焦磷酸四钾,焦磷酸一氢三钠,聚偏磷酸钾,酸式焦磷酸钙 + +phosphoric acid-disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate (dicalcium orthophosphate), tricalcium orthophosphate (calcium phosphate), tripotassium orthophosphate, trisodium orthophosphate, sodium polyphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphatedibasic, tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, trisodium monohydrogen diphosphate, potassium polymetaphosphate, calcium acid pyrophosphate + +CNS 号 01.106, 15.008, 15.004, 15.007, 15.010, 06.008, 15.009, 06.006, 02.003, 01.308, 15.001, 15.002, 15.003, 15.005, 15.006, 15.017, 15.013, 15.015, 15.016 + +INS 号 338,450i,450iii,341i,340i,342ii,340ii,341ii,341iii,340iii,339iii,452i,451i,339i,339ii,450(v),450(ii),452(ii),450(vii) + +功能 水分保持剂、膨松剂、酸度调节剂、稳定剂、凝固剂、抗结剂 + +
食品分类号食品名称最大使用量/(g/kg)备注
01.0乳及乳制品(01.01.01、01.01.02、13.0 涉及品种除外)5.0可单独或混合使用,最大使用量以磷酸根($PO_4^{3-}$)计
01.03.01乳粉和奶油粉10.0可单独或混合使用,最大使用量以磷酸根($PO_4^{3-}$)计
01.05.01稀奶油5.0可单独或混合使用,最大使用量以磷酸根($PO_4^{3-}$)计
01.06.04再制干酪14.0可单独或混合使用,最大使用量以磷酸根($PO_4^{3-}$)计
diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00050.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00050.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eea971a4150f4f97f7791d28d43b3f67086f2140 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00050.md @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +磷酸化二淀粉磷酸酯 phosphated distarch phosphate + +CNS 号 20.017 INS 号 1413 + +功能 增稠剂 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
食品分类号食品名称最大使用量/(g/kg)备注
04.01.02.05果酱1.0
06.03.02.01生湿面制品(如面条、饺子皮、馄饨皮、烧麦皮)0.2
06.07方便米面制品0.2
11.06固体饮料0.5
+ +磷脂 +phospholipid + +CNS 号 04.010 INS 号 322 + +功能 抗氧化剂、乳化剂 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
食品分类号食品名称最大使用量备注
01.05.01稀奶油按生产需要适量使用
02.01.01.02氢化植物油按生产需要适量使用
13.01婴幼儿配方食品按生产需要适量使用
13.02婴幼儿辅助食品按生产需要适量使用
+ +硫代二丙酸二月桂酯 dilauryl thiodipropionate + +CNS 号 04.012 INS 号 389 + +功能 抗氧化剂 + +
食品分类号食品名称最大使用量/(g/kg)备注
04.01.01.02经表面处理的鲜水果0.2
04.02.01.02经表面处理的新鲜蔬菜0.2
04.05.02.01熟制坚果与籽类(仅限油炸坚果与籽类)0.2
06.03.02.05油炸面制品0.2
16.06膨化食品0.2
+ +硫磺 +sulfur (sulphur) + +CNS 号 05.007 INS 号 — + +功能 漂白剂、防腐剂 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
食品分类号食品名称最大使用量/(g/kg)备注
04.01.02.02水果干类0.1只限用于熏蒸,最大使用量以二氧化硫残留量计
04.01.02.08蜜饯凉果0.35只限用于熏蒸,最大使用量以二氧化硫残留量计
diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00051.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00051.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..71dc3a64e60819f6cb5cc297d45cf4ba3c796e14 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00051.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +## 3. 中文名称:乳糖-N-新四糖 + +英文名称:Lacto-N-neotetraose, LNnT + +功能分类:食品营养强化剂 + +## (1)用量及使用范围 + +
食品分类号食品名称使用量备注
01.03.02调制乳粉(仅限儿童用乳粉)0.2-0.6 g/L(以纯品计,以即食状态计,粉状产品按冲调倍数折算使用量)当与2'-岩藻糖基乳糖、低聚半乳糖、低聚果糖、多聚果糖、棉子糖混合使用时,该类物质总量不超过64.5 g/kg
13.01.01婴儿配方食品
13.01.02较大婴儿和幼儿配方食品
13.01.03特殊医学用途婴儿配方食品
+ +## (2)质量规格要求 + +1 范围 + +本质量规格要求适用于以乳糖等为原料,经发酵、提纯、干燥等工艺制得的营养强化剂乳糖-N-新四糖。乳糖-N-新四糖的生产菌应经过安全性评估并符合附录D的要求。 + +2 化学名称、分子式、结构式和相对分子质量 + +2.1 化学名称 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00052.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00052.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8776980ecf47f76fa1047fece9532fc414c7ef75 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00052.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +β-阿朴-8′-胡萝卜素醛 β-apo-8′-carotenal + +CNS 号 08.018 INS 号 160e + +功能 着色剂 + + +
食品分类号食品名称最大使用量/(g/kg)备注
01.02.02风味发酵乳0.015以 B-阿朴-8'-胡萝卜索隆计
01.06.04再制干酪0,018以 ã-阿朴-8'-胡梦卜索酸计
03.0冷冻饮品(03.04 食用冰除外)0.020以北阿朴-8'-胡萝卜素醛计
05.02椿果0.015以 ß-阿朴-8'-胡梦卜索陵计
07.0焙烤食品0.015以 ß-阿朴-8'-胡萝卜索隆计
12.10.02辛固体复合调味料0.005以 B-阿朴-8'-胡萝卜索隆计
14.0饮料类(除外14.01包装饮用水)0,010以β-阿扑-8'-胡萝卜素酸计,固体饮料按冲调倍数增加使用量
+ +## 氨基乙酸(又名甘氨酸) glycine + +CNS 号 12.007 INS 号 640 + +功能 增味剂 + + + +
食品分类号食品名称最大使用量/(g/kg)备注
08.02预制肉制品3.0
08.03熟肉制品3.0
12.0调味品1.0
14.02.03果蔬汁(浆)类饮料1,0固体饮料投稀释倍数增加使用量
14.03.02植物蛋白饮料1.0固体饮料按稀释倍数增加使用量
+ +铵磷脂 ammonium phosphatide + +CNS 号 10.033 INS 号 442 + +功能 乳化剂 + + + +
食品分类号食品名称最大使用量/(g/kg)备注
05.01.02巧克力和巧克力制品、除05.01.01以外的可可制品10.0
+ + + +巴西棕榈蜡 carnauba wax +CNS 号 14.008 INS号 903 +功能 被膜剂、抗结剂 + + + +
食品分类号食品名称最大使用量/(g/kg)备注
04.01.01新鮮水果0,000 4以残留量计
05.0可可制品、巧克力和巧克力制品(包括代可可脂巧克力及制品)以及糖果0.6
+ +1)在表 A.1 中使用范围以食品分类号和食品名称表示。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00053.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00053.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..322bf4ee1539a0bc4fa8a56aaafb20581ba07c04 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00053.md @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +4.4.2 检验方法:按 GB 5009.11 规定的方法测定。 + +## 4.5 锡 + +4.5.1 食品中锡限量指标见表5。 + +表 5 食品中锡限量指标 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
食品类别(名称)限量(以 Sn 计) mg/kg
食品(饮料类,婴幼儿配方食品,婴幼儿辅助食品除外)1250
饮料类150
婴幼儿配方食品,婴幼儿辅助食品50
1仅限于采用镀锡薄板容器包装的食品。
+ +4.5.2 检验方法:按 GB 5009.16 规定的方法测定。 + +## 4.6 镍 + +4.6.1 食品中镍限量指标见表6。 + +表 6 食品中镍限量指标 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
食品类别(名称)限量(以 Ni 计)
mg/kg
油脂及其制品
氢化植物油及氢化植物油为主的产品1.0
+ +4.6.2 检验方法:按 GB 5009.138 规定的方法测定。 + +## 4.7 铬 + +4.7.1 食品中铬限量指标见表7。 + +表 7 食品中铬限量指标 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
食品类别(名称)限量(以 Cr 计)mg/kg
谷物及其制品
谷物*1.0
谷物碾磨加工品1.0
蔬菜及其制品
新鲜蔬菜0.5
豆类及其制品
豆类1.0
肉及肉制品1.0
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00054.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00054.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..de2b727b64a77b24c0864528476062230015e1ca --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00054.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +
谷物及其制品(不包括焙烤制品)谷物稻谷玉米小麦大麦其他谷物[例如菜(谷子),高粱、黑麦、燕麦、荞麦等]谷物碾磨加工品糙米大米小麦粉玉米面(渣、片)麦片其他去壳谷物(例如小米、高粱米、大麦米、黍米等)谷物制品大米制品(例如米粉、汤圆粉及其他制品等)小麦粉制品生湿面制品(例如面条、饺子皮、馄饨皮、烧麦皮等)生干面制品发酵面制品面糊(例如用于鱼和禽肉的拖面糊)、裹粉、煎炸粉面筋其他小麦粉制品玉米制品其他谷物制品[例如带馅(料)面米制品、八宝粥罐头等]
豆类及其制品豆类(干豆、以干豆磨成的粉)豆类制品非发酵豆制品(例如豆浆、豆腐类、豆干类、腐竹类、熟制豆类、大豆蛋白膨化食品、大豆素肉等)发酵豆制品(例如腐乳类、纳豆、豆豉、豆豉制品等)豆类罐头
藻类及其制品新鲜藻类(未经加工的、经表面处理的、预切的、冷冻的藻类)螺旋藻其他新鲜藻类藻类制品藻类罐头经水煮或油炸的藻类其他藻类制品
坚果及籽类生干坚果及籽类木本坚果(树果)油料(不包括谷物种子和豆类)饮料及甜味种子(例如可可豆、咖啡豆等)
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00055.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00055.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a22745ea492c02b4d1621f27b15f767abb43c8ff --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00055.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + + +图 1 IEC 62443 标准体系 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00056.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00056.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..072117747f353f221e3069dc64e0c086660ad0b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00056.md @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ + +## 3.1.47 + +## 更新 update + +为解决安全脆弱性、错误、可靠性或可操作性问题而增加的硬件或软件变更。 + +## 3.1.48 + +## 升级 upgrade + +为添加新功能而增加的硬件或软件的变更。 + +## 3.1.49 + +## 区域 zone + +代表根据其功能、逻辑和物理(包括位置)关系划分的系统的实体的集合。 + +注:区域具有清晰的边界。区域的安全策略通常由区域边缘和区域内的机制组合来强制执行。 + +## 3.2 缩略语 + +下列缩略语适用于本文件。 + +ACL 访问控制列表(access control list) + +AES 增强加密标准(advance encryption standard) + +ANSI 美国国家标准研究所(American National Standards Institute) + +API 应用编程界面(application programming interface) + +ASLR 地址空间格局随机化(address space layout randomization) + +CA 证书机构(certification authority) + +CCSC 通用组件安全约束(common components security constraint) + +CMAC 基于口令的消息鉴别码(cipher-based Message Authentication Code) + +COTS 商业现货(commercial off the shelf) + +CR 组件要求(component requirement) + +CRL 证书吊销列表(certificate revocation list) + +DC 数据保密性(data confidentiality) + +DCS 离散控制系统(distributed control system) + +DEP 数据执行预防(data execution prevention) + +DMZ 非军事区(demilitarized zone) + +DoS 拒绝服务(denial of service) + +EDR 嵌入式设备要求(embedded device requirement) + +EICAR 欧洲计算机防病毒研究协会(European Institute for Computer Antivirus Research) + +EMI 电磁干扰(electromagnetic interference) + +FDA (美国)食品和药品管理局([US]Food and Drug Administration) + +FIPS (美国 NIST)联邦信息处理标准([US NIST] Federal Information Processing Standard) + +FR 基本要求(foundational requirement) + +FTP 文件传输协议(file transfer protocol) + +GCM Galois 计数器模式(Galois/Counter mode) + +GMAC Galois 消息鉴别码(Galois message authentication code) + +GUID 全球唯一标识符(globally unique identifiers) + +HDR 主机设备要求(host device requirement) + +HMI 人机接口(human-machine interface) diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00057.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00057.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f6b350d45c6ab57a7f2d919f203bf3d009c42ac4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00057.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
CR和RESL1SL2SL3SL4
EDR 3.14——启动过程完整性
RE(1)——启动过程的真实性
HDR 3.14——启动过程完整性
RE(1)——启动过程的真实性
NDR 3.14——启动过程完整性
RE(1)——启动过程的真实性
FR4——数据保密性
CR 4.1——信息保密性
CR 4.2——剩余信息
RE 1——共享内存资源的清除
RE 2——清除的验证
CR 4.3——加密的使用
FR5——受限的数据流(RDF)
CR 5.1——网络分段
NDR 5.2——区域边界保护
RE 1——默认拒绝,允许例外
RE 2——孤岛模式
RE 3——失效关闭
NDR 5.3——普通目的个人间通信限制
FR6——对事件的及时响应(TRE)
CR 6.1——审计日志可访问性
RE 1——审计日志的编程访问
CR6.2——连续监控
FR7——资源可用性(RA)
CR 7.1——拒绝服务保护
RE 1——组件管理通信负荷
CR 7.2——资源管理
CR 7.3——控制系统备份
RE 1——备份完整性验证
+ + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00058.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00058.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..efe5c2557b869ecdf063295bb8e816972d9aae08 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00058.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +
指标编号指标名称1分2分3分4分5分
EI/F/F1最高管理者对业务连续性管理的理解度子项1最高管理者对业务连续性管理的概念、价值以及业务运营中断事件可能造成的财务及非财务影响有一定程度的认识,但不敏感最高管理者对业务连续性管理的概念、价值、工作目标和内容以及数据中心中断事件可能造成的财务及非财务影响有一定程度的理解,有书面共识,但缺少明确的目标和驱动最高管理者对数据中心业务连续性管理的概念、价值、工作目标和内容以及数据中心中断事件可能造成的财务及非财务影响有一定程度的认识,但不敏感最高管理者对数据中心业务连续性管理的概念、价值、工作目标和内容以及数据中心中断事件可能造成的财务及非财务影响有一定程度的认识,但不敏感最高管理者对数据中心业务连续性管理的概念、价值、工作目标和内容以及数据中心中断事件可能造成的财务及非财务影响有一定程度的认识,但不敏感
EI/F/F2最高管理者对业务连续性管理的支持度子项1最高管理者在重大风险或事件发生时参与应急工作,在应急业务连续性中断可能影响服务交付时,能够给予必要的财务及人力资源投入,做好相关工作,防止可能影响业务连续性管理的工作支持不足最高管理者在服务与业务连续性管理策略制定、维修处于必要的财务及人力资源投入,做好相关工作,防止可能影响业务连续性管理的工作支持不足最高管理者在支持业务连续性管理工作,能够给予必要的财务及人力资源投入,做好相关工作,防止可能影响业务连续性管理的工作支持不足最高管理者在支持业务连续性管理工作,做好相关工作,防止可能影响业务连续性管理的工作支持不足最高管理者在支持业务连续性管理工作,做好相关工作,防止可能影响业务连续性管理的工作支持不足
EI/F/F3内外部影响力匹配子项1能够被动响应所在地区法律法规和监管要求,并要求完成修改明确知道所在地法律法规和监管,客户或业务部门的业务连续性需求并进行主动性管理能够知道所在地法律法规和监管,客户或业务部门的业务连续性需求匹配或明确业务连续性管理的需要和目标要求能够知道所在地法律法规和监管,客户或业务部门的业务连续性需求匹配或明确业务连续性管理的需要和目标要求能够知道所在地法律法规和监管,客户或业务部门的业务连续性需求匹配或明确业务连续性管理的需要和目标要求
EI/F/F4领导机构设置子项1在管理应对业务连续性工作的目标和责任有了解,且未形成当面共识在管理应对明确业务连续性工作的目标和责任目标和负责机不清晰在管理应对明确负责业务连续性工作的目标和责任目标在管理应对明确负责机构,有明确的职责目标和运行机制在管理应对明确负责机构,有明确的职责目标,有相应的考核和奖惩机制
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00059.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00059.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4ee04ef592632d3ba37c15c2063d9ca88dc96b9b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00059.md @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ + +## 附录E + +## (规范性) + +## 数据中心业务连续性管理能力评分 + +能力评分由其能力域评分聚合得到,即: + +$M=\sum D\times _ {w}\cdot s(E,1)$ ....................(F,1) + +式中, + +M ——数据中心业务连续性管理能力值; + +D ——能力域评分; + +a ——权重。 + +能力域评分由其能力子域评分聚合得到,即, + +$D=\sum F\times w\quad (E _ {n}^{2})$ ....................(F,2) + +式中: + +D——能力域评分: + +F ——能力子域评分: + +a ——权重。 + +能力子域成熟度等级由其能力项评分聚合得到,即: + +$F=\sum P\times _ {w}\cdot s(F,3)$ ....................(F,3) + +式中: + +F —— 施力子域评分: + +P ——能力项评分; + +a ——权重。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00060.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00060.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..19cec79168c36df53853fc720c1f6d7cdfd8c57d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00060.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ + +合,包括监视数据输入/输出、控制数据处理活动等软硬件基础设施及其所控制的数据资产。 + +注:平台指由一组子系统和技术形成的软硬件设施组成,通过一些接口和使用工具提供一组一致的功能,任何由它所支持的应用都可以使用平台的功能而不必关心其实现细节。 + +## 3.12 + +## 大数据应用 big data application + +由大数据平台支撑,执行数据处理活动,提供大数据服务的应用系统。 + +## 3.13 + +## 大数据系统 big data system + +包括大数据平台、大数据应用及其所需和控制数据资产的信息系统。 + +## 3.14 + +## 大数据服务 big data service + +利用大数据技术开展数据处理,并通过底层大数据平台和上层多种大数据应用以服务方式为大数据使用者提供有价值的数据处理功能的活动。 + +注:大数据服务封装了大数据使用者所需的数据处理活动,且采用标准化协议来识别、注册和发布相关的数据服务,以便使大数据服务提供者以信息服务的方式交付价值给大数据使用者。 + +## 3.15 + +## 大数据使用者 big data user + +使用大数据系统的末端个人、组织及其他信息系统或智能终端设备。 + +## 3.16 + +## 大数据服务提供者 big data service provider + +拥有大数据系统,提供大数据服务的组织。 + +注:大数据服务提供者是一种拥有或可获得大数据服务所需数据资产的网络运营者。 + +## 3.17 + +## 数据安全 data security + +通过采取必要措施,确保数据处于有效保护和合法利用的状态,以及具备保障持续安全状态的能力。 + +注:GB/T 5271.8—2001 的术语 08.01.04 定义数据安全为“适用于数据保护的计算机安全”。 + +## 3.18 + +## 数据保护 data protection + +实施适当的管理、技术或物理手段,以防止未授权的有意或无意地泄露、修改或破坏数据的活动。 +[来源:GB/T 5271.8—2001,08.06.02,有修改] + +## 3.19 + +## 数据供应链 data supply chain + +在大数据服务中,数据处理涉及数据需求及供应关系目的的上游与下游组织的数据资源及数据操作所形成的链接集。 + +注:数据供应链管控的目标是使大数据服务提供者能在正确的时间,将大数据服务所需的各种数据资源,通过计划、协调、操作、控制、优化等活动,按照正确的服务协议供应给大数据使用者。 + +## 4 概述 + +本文件面向有大数据平台、大数据应用和大数据服务所需数据资源的组织,从大数据组织管理安全能力、大数据处理安全能力和大数据服务安全风险管理能力三个方面规定了大数据服务提供者的大数 diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00061.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00061.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f53ea7d8afa471f06bbe28c8ad19afea810ff4e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00061.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +据服务安全能力要求,其中: + +a) 大数据组织管理安全能力:按照信息安全管理体系要求制定大数据安全策略与规程,从大数据服务组织与人员的安全管理,以及大数据服务所需的数据资产与系统资产管理视角制定数据安全管理等制度,满足大数据服务组织管理安全合规及数据安全风险管控要求; + +b) 大数据处理安全能力:针对数据收集、存储、使用、加工、传输、提供、公开、销毁等数据处理活动,从大数据平台和大数据应用业务及技术层面采取数据保护措施,满足大数据服务中数据处理活动相关的数据保护要求; + +c) 大数据服务安全风险管理能力:按照大数据服务中数据业务流转过程和数据处理活动安全保护要求,从风险识别、安全防护、安全监测、安全检查、安全响应和安全恢复六个环节建立大数据服务安全风险管理能力,采取风险应对措施使大数据服务及其数据资产始终处于有效保护、合法利用状态,保障大数据系统运营者所提供的大数据服务的可持续性。 + +大数据服务提供者依据被保护数据资产和系统资产的重要性,以及大数据系统遭受破坏可能导致的危害程度,结合自身的大数据服务业务、大数据服务目标和支撑大数据服务的软硬件设施、大数据平台与大数据应用功能,参考本文件进行大数据组织管理安全能力、大数据处理安全能力和大数据服务安全风险管理能力的建设和评估(涉及重要数据和核心数据处理活动的,需依据相关法律法规规定和主管部门制定的相关管理制度,对数据安全风险管理能力进行建设和评估),满足大数据服务中数据处理活动合规性、数据服务连续性和数据服务风险可控性的要求。 + +## 5 大数据组织管理安全能力 + +## 5.1 策略与规程 + +要求包括: + +a)应明确数据处理的安全方针、目标和原则,制定网络安全和数据安全等管理制度,并将其分发至数据处理活动相关工作的职能部门、岗位和人员; + +b)应制定组织开展数据处理活动的数据安全策略与规程,内容包括数据处理目的、范围、方式、岗位、责任及合规性要求等; + +c) 应建立数据供应链安全管控规程,以书面协议等方式与数据供应链涉及上下游组织明确约定交换共享数据的使用目的、范围、数量、供应方式、安全责任与义务、保密要求等内容,在涉及重要数据和敏感个人信息时,宜包括大数据服务相关网络产品和服务筛选机制、筛选指标和评价方法的约定; + +d)应制定与数据安全管理制度、数据安全策略与规程、数据供应链安全管控规程相匹配的大数据平台和大数据应用安全技术机制与措施的实施细则; + +e) 应建立数据安全风险评估和个人信息保护影响评估规程,制定应对数据安全和个人信息保护的实施细则和操作规范,包括依据国家相关规定向主管部门报送安全风险评估报告的制度; + +f) 应建立数据安全和个人信息保护投诉、举报渠道及受理处置规程,公布接受投诉、举报的联系方式等信息,及时受理、处置关于数据安全和个人信息保护的投诉举报,对投诉、举报人的相关信息予以保密,保护投诉、举报人的合法权益,必要时公开披露收到的投诉、受理进度以及最终处理结果,接受社会监督; + +g) 应在组织架构发生重大调整或大数据服务业务发生重大变化时,或因合并、分立、解散、被宣告破产等原因需要转移数据时,及时评估数据安全管理制度、数据安全策略与规程及数据供应链安全管控规程的适用性,并根据评估结果修订数据安全管理制度、数据安全策略和规程及数据 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00062.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00062.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..91c93cc7758c8b6d3154139be1ff2f948bf14dc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00062.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +## 参考文献 + +[1] 中华人民共和国个人信息保护法(2021年8月20日第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第三十次会议通过) + +[2] 中华人民共和国电子商务法(2018年8月31日第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第五次会议通过) + +[3] 中华人民共和国网络安全法(2016年11月7日第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十四次会议通过) + +[4] 中华人民共和国国家安全法(2015年7月1日第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十五次会议通过) + +[5] 中华人民共和国国防法(2020年12月26日第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十四次会议修订通过) + +[6] 常见类型移动互联网应用程序必要个人信息范围规定(2021年3月22日国家互联网信息办公室、工业和信息化部、公安部、国家市场监督管理总局发布) + +[7] 电信和互联网用户个人信息保护规定(2013年7月16日中华人民共和国工业和信息化部令第24号公布) + +[8] 全国人大常委会关于加强网络信息保护的决定(2012年12月28日第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第三十次会议通过) + +[9] GB/T 41391—2022 信息安全技术 移动互联网应用程序(App)收集个人信息基本要求 + +[10] ISO/IEC 29100:2011 Information technology—Security techniques—Privacy framework + +[11] ISO/IEC DIS 29184 Information technology—Online privacy notices and consent + +[12] APEC Privacy Framework, APEC, 2005 + +[13] CWA 16113: 2012 Personal data protection good practices + +[14] EU General Data Protection Regulation, 2016 + +[15] The OECD Privacy Framework, OECD, 2013 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00063.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00063.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..adc951906e957705d8c54ec020a8230cff92bf73 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00063.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ + +## 信息安全技术 个人信息处理中告知和同意的实施指南 + +## 1 范围 + +本文件给出了处理个人信息时,向个人告知处理规则、取得个人同意的实施方法和步骤。 + +本文件适用于个人信息处理者在开展个人信息处理活动时保障个人权益,也可为监管、检查、评估等活动提供参考。 + +## 2 规范性引用文件 + +下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中,注日期的引用文件,仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件;不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 + +GB/T 25069—2022 信息安全技术 术语 + +GB/T 35273—2020 信息安全技术 个人信息安全规范 + +GB/T 39335—2020 信息安全技术 个人信息安全影响评估指南 + +## 3 术语和定义 + +GB/T 25069—2022 和 GB/T 35273—2020 界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 + +## 3.1 + +## 个人信息 personal information + +以电子或者其他方式记录的与已识别或者可识别的自然人有关的各种信息,不包括匿名化处理后的信息。 + +[来源:GB/T 35273—2020,3.1,有修改] + +## 3.2 + +## 敏感个人信息 sensitive personal information + +一旦泄露或者非法使用,容易导致自然人的人格尊严受到侵害或者人身、财产安全受到危害的个人信息。 + +注:敏感个人信息包括生物识别、宗教信仰、特定身份、医疗健康、金融账户、行踪轨迹等信息,以及不满14周岁未成年人的个人信息。 + +## 3.3 + +## 个人信息处理者 personal information handler + +在个人信息处理活动中自主决定处理目的、处理方式的组织、个人。 + +注:与 GB/T 35273—2020 中的“个人信息控制者”所指一致。 + +## 3.4 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00064.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00064.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c0183825a3020a1c365ec83047e38e51b64b6fb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00064.md @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +## C.4 应对措施信息描述 + +应对措施信息描述如表 C.3 所示。 + +表 C.3 应对措施信息描述 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
编号内容
字段 1措施名称
字段 2所属子类(防御/响应)
字段 3单位名称
字段 4实施对象
字段 5措施目的
字段 6具体描述
+ +## C.5 经验信息描述 + +经验信息描述如表 C.4 所示。 + +表 C.4 经验信息描述 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
编号内容
字段 1经验信息名称
字段 2单位名称
字段 3具体描述
字段 4风险等级
字段 5应对措施
+ +## C.6 态势信息描述 + +态势信息描述如表 C.5 所示。 + +表 C.5 态势信息描述 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
编号内容
字段 1态势信息类型
字段 2态势信息名称
字段 3上报单位名称
字段 4态势信息来源
字段 5态势信息具体描述
diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00065.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00065.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..93d19114519ac75064ec9bc8af793f547f1e3ba2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00065.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +## 附录 D + +## (资料性) + +## 共享活动中的信息交换技术概述 + +## D.1 网络安全信息交换模型 + +## D.1.1 概述 + +网络安全信息的交换有“客户端-服务端”、P2P等工作方式。本节描述的是“客户端-服务端”方式下的信息交换技术。在该方式中,信息服务器的核心功能是提供“信息集”服务,客户端通过访问服务的不同接口实现注册、认证和网络安全信息数据的上传和拉取查询。服务器可接收上传的信息,存储、管理网络安全信息,并接受网络安全信息查询。客户端是网络安全信息的提供者或使用者。信息交换访问方式如图D.1所示。 + + + +图 D.1 信息交换访问方式 + +在中心共享模式下,共享中心具有服务器功能,非中心共享活动相关方具有客户端功能;在点对点共享模式下,共享活动参与者均具有服务器与客户端功能。而群共享模式可采用P2P方式。 + +## D.1.2 服务器 + +## D.1.2.1 服务器功能 + +服务器的核心功能是进行信息的收集、存储、管理、发布和查询,主要为“注册与认证”服务、“服务信息”服务、“信息集”服务、“状态信息”服务和相关功能的集合,从URL角度可理解为不同的服务接口实例的根URL。一个服务器实例可支持一个或多个“服务根”,同时支持一个“注册与认证”服务和一个“服务信息”查询服务。 + +## D.1.2.2 注册与认证 + +注册与认证服务负责授权凭据的生产、管理、分发与验证,以及客户端注册和认证信息的维护,通过提供的 API 接口接收客户端的注册和认证,并与“信息集”服务协作进行网络安全信息资源的访问控制。只有在服务器上进行注册并认证通过的合法客户端才能访问服务器上的网络安全信息。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00066.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00066.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5eb1d3336bd08aa7dd935a19d3eb6f04dbe39827 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00066.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +## 6.3 合规性原则 + +确保网络安全信息在共享范围内的收集、存储、使用、加工、传输、提供、公开、删除过程符合有关标准的规定及共享活动中制定的协议和规程。 + +网络安全信息中涉及网络产品安全漏洞信息发布和共享行为的管理要求见《网络产品安全漏洞管理规定》。 + +## 7 共享范围 + +共享范围是共享活动中网络安全信息可被知悉的范围。共享范围通常可分为完全共享、内部共享、部分共享三种类别: + +a) 完全共享:信息可不受限制的共享; + +b)内部共享:信息在特定共享活动中的所有参与者间共享; + +c)部分共享:信息在特定共享活动中的部分或指定参与者间共享。 + +## 8 共享活动过程 + +## 8.1 概述 + +共享活动过程包括三个基本阶段:共享活动准备、共享活动实施、共享活动终止。每一阶段有一组确定的工作任务。 + +## 8.2 共享活动准备 + +## 8.2.1 基本工作流程 + +共享活动准备阶段包括明确共享场景、评估网络安全防护能力、识别共享参与角色、确定共享范围和网络安全信息类别、选择共享模式、制定共享策略和规程六项主要任务,共享活动准备阶段基本工作流程见图2。 + + + +图 2 共享活动准备阶段基本工作流程 diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00067.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00067.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..91138d1cd8526099964d4207283f2ce2346e099f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00067.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +## 参考文献 + +[1] GB/T 25069—2022 信息安全技术 术语 + +[2] GB/T 39786—2021 信息安全技术 信息系统密码应用基本要求 + +[3] GM/Z 0001—2013 密码术语 + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00068.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00068.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..457c509ff55d04e142ba5fbbf5f34cfe05090f1e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00068.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +## 附录 C + +## (资料性) + +## 常用敏感数据脱敏技术特性 + +C.1 敏感数据脱敏技术特性包括但不限于:保持原数据的格式、类型、数据之间的关联性、语义完整性、数据的统计和聚合特征、数据频率分布、唯一性等。 + +C.2 保持唯一性包括数据脱敏前后经分组、归类及人工智能分析等算法处理后的结果唯一。 + +C.3 保持数据之间的关联性至少包括下列三种情况: + +a)保持主外键关联性:脱敏源经过脱敏处理后,数据的主外键关系保留并保持一致; + +b)保持业务关联性:脱敏源经过脱敏处理后,数据的业务原关系保留并保持一致; + +c) 保持数据间隐含的包含及关联性:如果数据脱敏前隐含有包含及关联关系,脱敏后的数据也要保留这种隐含的包含及关联关系。 + +示例: + +公民身份号码中包含了生日,当脱敏数据中包含了公民身份号码和生日时,它们要保留这种包含及关联关系。 + +C.4 常用敏感数据脱敏技术特性如表 C.1 所示。 + +表 C.1 常用敏感数据脱敏技术特性 + + + +
类别子类保格式保类型保关联性保释定义完整性保唯一性保统计性反脱敏风险
假名化技术固定映射××
哈希映射××××
抑制技术屏蔽×x×
泛化技术截取×××x部分
微渐×××x部分
取整×x
规整××××x部分
扰乱技术重排×
均化×x
做列××××
随机映射×x×
范围内随机×x×
浮动V
置空×vxx
加密技术保格式加密××
保序加密部分部分×V部分
同态加密x××
注:针对每一特性,“√”代表满足,“部分”代表部分满足,“×”代表不满足。
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00069.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00069.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..50fc6931f574f137c75654cf542a7a5493c06dea --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00069.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +数据脱敏、评估脱敏效果和监控审计,如图1所示。 + + + +图 1 数据脱敏一般流程 + +## 5.2 识别敏感数据 + +5.2.1 数据脱敏工作宜首先对敏感数据进行识别和定义,明确需要脱敏的数据范围。可能包括敏感信息的数据主要有核心数据、重要数据、个人信息。 + +5.2.2 在敏感数据识别过程中,宜重点关注: + +a)识别方式:通过但不限于数据表名称、字段名称、数据记录内容、数据表备注、数据文件内容直接匹配或正则表达式匹配等方式进行数据识别; + +b) 识别工具:尽量利用自动化工具进行数据识别,识别工具能根据业务需要自定义敏感数据的识别方式,降低对业务系统产生的影响; + +c)存储类型:支持主流的数据库系统、数据仓库系统、文件系统,同时支持云计算环境下的主流新型存储系统; + +d) 数据关联关系:明确敏感数据结构化或非结构化的数据表现形态,同时分析和建立完整的数据敏感位置和关系库,充分考虑到数据脱敏后对原数据业务特性的继承,保持原数据间的关联关系。 + +5.2.3 在识别敏感数据后,宜对敏感数据进行标识,包括标识敏感数据的位置、敏感数据的格式等信息,以便后续对敏感数据的访问、传输和处理进行跟踪和监督。在标识敏感数据时,宜重点关注: + +a)标识时机:在数据采集阶段对敏感数据进行标识,以便于在整个数据生命周期各个阶段对敏感数据进行有效管理; + +b)标识类型:支持静态数据的敏感标识及动态流数据的敏感标识; + +c) 标识特性:敏感数据的标识具有便捷性和安全性,确保标识信息能够随敏感数据一起流动,同时确保敏感数据标识信息不容易被恶意攻击者删除和篡改。 + +## 5.3 确定脱敏需求 + +5.3.1 评估敏感数据相关业务系统和用户的所需权限,创建相关资源,宜在数据脱敏生产系统中进行连接配置,保持数据源的可用性。 + +5.3.2 对已识别出的敏感数据执行生命周期流程的梳理,明确在生命周期各阶段用户对数据的访问需求和当前的权限设置情况,分析整理出存在敏感数据脱敏需求的业务场景。 + +## 5.4 确定脱敏技术和参数 + +5.4.1 针对每一个脱敏需求宜确定是进行静态脱敏还是动态脱敏,其中: + +a)静态脱敏:针对持久化存储数据的脱敏,脱敏后的数据将以文件、库、表等形式存储于磁盘上,一般用于生产环境数据向非生产环境、数据交换方提供时使用; + +b) 动态脱敏:访问数据过程中的实时脱敏,脱敏后数据一般直接应用于业务系统或数据管理运维,不持久化存储。 + +5.4.2 梳理敏感数据的关联关系,包括主外键信息、父子关系信息、跨系统关联信息等,确定脱敏技术和参数。相关联的敏感数据宜采用统一的脱敏技术和参数,常用敏感数据脱敏技术见附录A。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00070.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00070.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0b0f16b2982047369797a9cffdb1c95020db56bf --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00070.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +5.4.3 配置脱敏规则时,宜对用户权限信息、系统属性信息、系统连接信息、脱敏表、表关系、表列、脱敏函数分级、脱敏函数配置、脱敏函数规则指定、脱敏流程控制等相关信息进行配置。 + +5.4.4 选择数据脱敏工具时,宜重点关注: + +a)选择已内置固化常用敏感数据脱敏方法的数据脱敏工具,避免数据脱敏实施过程中重复定义数据脱敏方法; + +注:常用敏感数据脱敏方法见附录B,常用敏感数据脱敏技术特性见附录C。 + +b) 选择提供扩展机制的数据脱敏工具,根据需求自定义脱敏方法; + +c) 选择提供脱敏方法详细说明的脱敏工具,说明内容包括但不限于各类脱敏方法的实现原理、数据引用完整性影响、数据语义完整性影响、数据分布频率影响、约束限制等。 + +## 5.5 制定脱敏计划 + +根据脱敏需求和相关技术参数,制定脱敏计划。针对每一个脱敏需求,脱敏计划内容宜包括但不限于: + +a)责任人员:指定参与脱敏工作的所有人员,人员角色定义和工作责任宜参考6.2; + +b) 脱敏技术参数:记录待使用的脱敏技术和参数、相关配置信息、技术工具等,相关人员按照记录内容逐条配置、确认、操作和审计; + +c) 脱敏执行时间和周期:确定脱敏执行开始时间和执行频率; + +d)脱敏结果校验方案:预估待脱敏的数据总量、增量和预期脱敏结果,确定脱敏结果正确性、完整性校验方法及校验工具; + +e)脱敏应急方案:明确脱敏过程中可能产生的问题、原因、解决方案和响应流程。 + +## 5.6 实施数据脱敏 + +根据已制定的脱敏计划实施数据脱敏,宜包括但不限于: + +a)配置脱敏任务:根据脱敏计划,对脱敏工具、脱敏程序等进行相应参数配置,包括但不限于脱敏技术参数、脱敏执行时间和周期等。 + +b) 实施脱敏任务:通过工具自动调度执行、手工触发配置执行、操作系统定时调度任务等方式执行已配置好的脱敏任务,实现数据脱敏。在执行过程中,根据执行状况、错误信息等,按照预先确定的应急方案进行处置,并能动态修改、展示、停止、继续执行相关脱敏任务。 + +c) 验证脱敏结果:脱敏任务实施后,对获得的脱敏结果数据开展结果校验,保障数据脱敏结果满足脱敏需求。 + +## 5.7 评估脱敏效果 + +宜通过收集、整理数据脱敏工作执行相关监控、审计等数据,对数据脱敏的前期工作开展情况进行反馈,评估脱敏效果和优化相关流程配置等。 + +## 5.8 监控审计 + +监控审计宜贯穿于数据脱敏全过程。数据脱敏组织机构宜设置相应专业人员(如审计管理员)进行安全审计,建立全流程监控审计机制。数据脱敏工具宜支持配置审计报告,根据各业务系统的审计内容与需求,提供对指定用户、指定时间段、指定应用系统进行相关操作的审计报告,同时能支持定制报告以及审计报告的下载等。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00071.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00071.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..86589e4a51465108893fe4c68f58c2301f247894 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00071.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +Q/KXY + +## 云计算开源产业联盟技术文件 + +Q/KXY CS001—2023 + +## 云原生安全配置基线规范 + +Cloud-native Security Configuration Baseline Specification + +2023-07-25 发布 + +2023-07-28 实施 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00072.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00072.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ace006146ba6f89e198c31569269179800bb17d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00072.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +## 网络安全标准实践指南 + +## —网络安全产品互联互通 告警信息格式 + +(v1.0-202311) + +全国信息安全标准化技术委员会秘书处 + +2023年11月 + +本文档可从以下网址获得: + +www.tc260.org.cn/ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00073.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00073.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9222c1cf1e90374fcef3183c20794d9b74a328ee --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00073.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +表 1 告警信息字段类型的取值 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
字段类型说明
字符型 (string)以字符包括字母、数字、汉字和其他字符形式表达的数据值的类型。
整型 (numeric)用任意实数表达的数据值的类型。
日期时间型 (datetime)通过 YYYYMMDDhh24mmss 的形式表达的值的类型。
+ +## 5.3 告警通用信息 + +告警通用信息格式见表2。 + +表 2 告警通用信息格式 + +
序号信息项字段名称字段说明字段类型是否必填
1告警时间alarmTime告警发生时间日期时间型
2告警等级alarmGrade1-低危 2-中危 3-高危整型
3告警名称alarmName告警信息名称字符型
4告警描述alarmDesc对告警的详细描述、说明字符型
5告警类型alarmType1-恶意程序告警,2-网络攻击告警,3-数据安全告警,4-异常行为告警,5-其他告警整型
6告警子类alarmSubType告警子类,见附录B字符型
+ +表 2 告警通用信息格式(续) + +
序号信息项字段名称字段说明字段类型是否必填
7产品类型devType网络安全产品类型,见附录C字段型
8产品地址devIp网络安全产品 IP 地址字段型
9受害对象IPvictimIP受害对象的 IP 地址,支持 ipv4、ipv6 格式字段型
10受害对象端口victimPort受害对象的端口字段型
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00074.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00074.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..55d7bc365a13823e9ee6d19c257deb80aa9e91c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00074.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +表 3 恶意程序告警基础信息格式 + +
序号信息项字段名称字段说明字段类型是否必填
1恶意程序名称programName恶意程序的名称字符型
2文件地址filePath恶意程序文件在计算机中的存放位置字符型
3MD5值fileMd5恶意程序MD5值字符型
4家族family恶意程序所在家族字符型
5SHA-1fileSha1恶意程序sha1值字符型
6SHA-256值fileSha256恶意程序sha256值字符型
7SM3值fileSM3恶意程序SM3值字符型
8黑客组织organization恶意程序相关黑客或组织字符型
+ +表 4 计算机病毒告警扩展信息格式 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
序号信息项字段名称字段说明字段类型是否必填
1进程名process计算机病毒执行进程名称字符型
2文件地址filePath病毒文件在计算机中的存放位置字符型
+ +表 5 网络蠕虫告警扩展信息格式 + +
序号信息项字段名称字段说明字段类型是否必填
1进程名process蠕虫执行进程名称字符型
2文件地址filePath蠕虫文件在计算机中的存放位置字符型
+ +表 6 特洛伊木马告警扩展信息格式 + +
序号信息项字段名称字段说明字段类型是否必填
1进程名process木马执行进程名称字符型
2文件地址filePath木马文件在计算机中的存放位置字符型
3回联域名backConnDomain木马回联的域名字符型
4回联邮箱backConnEmail木马回联的邮箱字符型
5回联 IPbackConnIp木马回联的 IP字符型
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00075.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00075.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b956db186e936512f2e8739f1dfa06685f92835d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00075.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +## 附录 A + +## (资料性) + +## 告警信息格式示例 + +## A. 1 概述 + +本附录给出了一个网络安全产品互联互通告警信息格式描述的告警信息示例。 + +以恶意程序告警中的计算机病毒告警为例,其描述格式为:告警通用部分(表2)+恶意程序告警基础信息格式(表3)+计算机病毒告警扩展信息格式(表4)。 + +示例采用JSON作为数据交换格式。 + +## A.2 告警信息格式示例 +``` + +{ + +"alarmTime": "2021-12-21 12:33:24" + +"alarmGrade": "1" + +"alarmName": "恶意程序" + +"alarmDesc": "业务平台服务器遭受XX计算机病毒攻击……" + +"alarmType": "1" + +"alarmSubType": "01001" + +"devType": "D105" + +"devIp": "1.1.1.1" +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00076.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00076.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e9076066662bee904ce0ebf587077b8f0ea59c1b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00076.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +``` +"victimIP": "2.2.2.2" + +"victimPort": "1443" + +"encryption": "1" + +"devID:" NGFW4000-UF " + +"devVer": "NGFW4000v2.0" + +"devVenodor": "XXX公司" + +"alarmArea": "互联网" + +"sourceIP": "51.1.1.1" + +"sourcePort": "443" + +"protocol": "TCP" + +"state": "3" + +"programName": "Voluminer" + +"filePath": "/etc/..." + +"fileMd5": "6512bd43d9caa6e02c990b0a82652dca" + +"family": "Lockbit" + +"fileSha1": "17ba0791499db908433b80f37c5fbc89b870084b" +"fileSha256": "4fc82b26aecb47d2868c4efbe3581732a3e7cbc6c2efb32062c08170a05eeb8" + +"fileSM3": "d5744897e47fb6d78b726e9ff0c9fa70e0013a0d4f0a757af8ec0b812664b828" + +"organization": "匿名者" +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00077.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00077.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2a47c6c1b14bb0934e6569b77fd12e545ad0c7f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00077.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +表 B.1 网络安全产品互联互通告警信息分类代码表 + +
告警信息分类告警信息子类英文名称分类代码
恶意程序告警计算机病毒告警computer virus alarm01001
网络蠕虫告警cyber worm alarm01002
特洛伊木马告警trojan horse alarm01003
僵尸网络告警botnet alarm01004
恶意代码内嵌网页告警malicious code embedded web page alarm01005
勒索软件告警ransomware alarm01006
挖矿软件告警miner virus alarm01007
网络攻击告警网络扫描探测告警cyber scan detection alarm02001
网络钓鱼告警cyber phishing alarm02002
漏洞利用告警exploitation of vulnerability alarm02003
后门利用告警exploitation of backdoor alarm02004
凭据攻击告警credential attack alarm02005
拒绝服务告警denial of service alarm02006
网页篡改告警webpage tampering alarm02007
失陷主机告警lost host alarm02008
APT 告警advanced persistent threat alarm02009
数据安全告警数据篡改告警data tampering alarm03001
数据泄露告警data breach alarm03002
异常行为告警访问异常告警access exception alarm04001
流量异常告警traffic anomaly alarm04002
其他告警其他告警子类other alarm99001
+ + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00078.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00078.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..50770b98253d3f83a5344e7225f6888fdc1cb886 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00078.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +## 声 明 + +本《实践指南》版权属于信安标委秘书处,未经秘书处书面授权,不得以任何方式抄袭、翻译《实践指南》的任何部分。凡转载或引用本《实践指南》的观点、数据,请注明“来源:全国信息安全标准化技术委员会秘书处”。 + +## 技术支持单位 + +本《实践指南》得到国家信息中心、中国电子技术标准化研究院、国家计算机网络应急技术处理协调中心、中国科学院信息工程研究所、沈阳东软系统集成工程有限公司、北京天融信网络安全技术有限公司、深信服科技股份有限公司、杭州安恒信息技术股份有限公司、北京神州绿盟科技有限公司、安天科技集团股份有限公司、亚信科技(成都)有限公司、北京升鑫网络科技有限公司等单位的技术支持。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00079.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00079.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ea1781cc93235cd32107a31dd0a24869c0762849 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00079.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +## 1 范围 + +本实践指南规定了网络安全产品互联互通时告警信息的描述格式。 + +本实践指南适用于网络安全产品互联互通的设计、开发、应用和测试。 + +## 2 术语和定义 + +## 2.1 网络安全产品互联互通 cyber security product interconnect + +通过统一的网络安全信息描述和功能接口定义,有效共享网络安全产品感知或产生的信息,协同不同网络安全产品的功能,支撑监测预警、信息共享、应急响应、态势感知等应用,提升网络安全防护能力和网络安全事件处置效率的一种机制。 + +## 2.2 告警信息 alarm information + +网络安全产品依据设定的规则或模型,对采集到的网络安全信息自动进行规则匹配、归并、分析等活动后产生的警示信息。 + +## 3 缩略语 + +APT:高级持续性威胁(Advanced Persistent Threat) + +CPU:中央处理器(Central Processing Unit) + +IP:网际互连协议(Internet Protocol) + +MD5:信息摘要算法 5(Message-Digest Algorithm 5) + +SHA-1:安全散列算法1(Secure Hash Algorithm 1) + +SYN:同步序列编号(Synchronize Sequence Numbers) + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00080.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00080.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5aea66c99b71159a692d9d12f38d8ad6d2cad5bb --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00080.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +## 团体标准 + +T/CIITA 406-2022 + +## 数据元件的结构要求 + +Requirement for structure of data components + +2022-07-28 发布 + +2022-08-28 实施 + + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00081.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00081.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7ac9365cfa5117080f98cc1cf56d32f0083e6c47 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00081.md @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +数据元件的业务元数据包括标识符、名称、英文名、类型、摘要、关键词。 + +a) 标识符 + +定义:在特定范围内给予数据元件的唯一标识。按照第7章给出的规则编制。 +英文名称:componentID + +短名:comID + +数据类型:字符型 + +约束类型:M + +取值示例:CHN420106122021000321-1 + +b) 名称 + +定义:数据元件的命名。参照第6章给出的规则编制。 + +英文名称:componentTitle + +短 名:comTitle + +数据类型:字符型 + +约束类型:M + +取值示例:XX市居民每月用电特征数据元件 + +c) 英文名 + +定义:数据元件的英文名称。 + +英文名称:englishTitle + +短名:enTitle + +数据类型:字符型 + +约束类型:M + +取值示例:xInhabitantElectricityUsageCharacteristicsDataComponent + +d) 类型 + +定义:数据元件的形态特征。 + +英文名称:form + +短 名:form + +数据类型:字符型 + +约束类型:M + +取值示例:模态 + +e) 摘要 + +定义:对数据元件内容进行概要说明的文字。 + +英文名称:abstract + +短名:abstract + +数据类型:字符型 + +约束类型:M + +取值示例:XX市居民用电特征 + +f) 关键词 + +定义:描述数据元件的通用词、术语或短语。 + +英文名称:keyword + +短 名:keyword + +数据类型:字符型 + +约束类型:0 + +取值示例:居民用电 diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00082.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00082.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ece34085f0788c1762a93b63fe4729a102b427bd --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00082.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +附录 A + +(资料性) + +数据资源到数据元件的转换 + +数据资源到数据元件的转换过程参见图A.1 + + + +图 A.1 数据资源到数据元件的转换示意图 + +图A.1中,$d_{1}, d_{2}, \ldots, d_{n}$ 表示数据资源,$x_{1}, x_{2}, \ldots, x_{m}$ 表示数据元件,元件模型f表示数据资源到数据元件的模型函数,F表示数据元件到数据产品的应用函数,Y表示基于数据元件的数据应用,数据资源到数据元件的转换过程符合数据元件的结构化要求。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00083.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00083.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7ff05f16e958144293544bbf4ea2f0f9c0130a40 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00083.md @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +## 数据元件的结构要求 + +## 1 范围 + +本文件确立了数据元件的结构,规定了数据元件的类型、命名规则、标识符编制规则和核心元数据的要求。 + +本文件适用于数据要素生产过程中数据元件的设计与开发。 + +## 2 规范性引用文件 + +下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中,注日期的引用文件,仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件;不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 + +GB/T 2260—2007 中华人民共和国行政区划代码 + +GB/T 2659—2000 世界各国和地区名称代码 + +GB/T 21063.3—2007 政务信息资源目录体系 第3部分:核心元数据 + +GB/T 26816—2011 信息资源核心元数据 + +T/CIIA 506-2022 数据元件安全审核要求 + +## 3 术语和定义 + +下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 + +## 3.1 + +## 数据 data + +信息的可再解释的形式化表示,以适用于通信、解释或处理。 + +[来源:GB/T 5271.1—2000,01.01.02] + +## 3.2 + +## 数据集 dataset + +具有一定主题,可以标识并可以被计算机处理的数据集合。 + +[来源:GB/T 36344—2018,2.6] + +## 3.3 + +## 数据脱敏 data desensitization + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00084.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00084.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6dfe6527c3affe97ce2d6bdcb4022aa47e3aebd2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00084.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +## 4.3.6 检测总结阶段 + +对源代码安全审计过程进行总结。 + +输入:此次源代码安全审计工作的各类文档。 + +任务描述。 + +- 相关人员开会对本次审计工作进行总结,总结包括审计过程中遇到的困难及问题、工作方法在实施过程中是否存在偏差、工作流程是否按照正常流程执行等。 + +相关人员对上述总结情况进行记录,形成源代码安全审计总结报告。 + +输出:源代码安全审计总结报告。 + + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00085.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00085.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7f58a8222d58247c065d93254cc7e8a06207f7d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00085.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + + +图 1 源代码安全审计工作流程 + +## 4.3.2 检测申请阶段 + +申请方提交申请材料,审计方初步对申请材料进行审核,确认申请材料齐全、以及申请材料内容与实际情况相符。 diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00086.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00086.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0078b120e32297166369b5e74284454c34bbfe52 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00086.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + +图 1 系统架构 + +说明如下: + +1)基于移动网络流量的应用安全审计中,其适用的网络范围为2G/3G/4G移动通信网的无线网络部分与分组域核心网部分; + +2)流量安全审计范围为分组域核心网内部的 IP 报文的流量以及核心网内部的用户认证、计费的流量。具体为,数据信息采集设备通过分光、端口镜像等方式获取 CE 链路上用户移动网络访问数据及 AAA,AN-AAA、HSS 侧用户认证、计费数据,并根据审计规范的要求进行数据解析; + +3)支持按照不同协议、不同应用进行数据的解析,解析后的数据包括认证计费信息、互联网访问信息及网络安全信息解析等; + +4)基于 DPI/DFI 技术的数据采集引擎向应用审计服务器的提供数据,数据提供方式可以是文件接口(SFTP)、实时消息接口(WebService); + +5)审计平台实时分析移动用户的上网行为、审计数据内容,并根据审计结果给PCRF发送控制策略,PCRF根据策略做出行动决策,对PDSN/PCEF/PGW/GGSN发出相关相应的网络控制指令(如拦截、实时跟踪)。 + +在无线局域网中,审计系统通过 WLAN AC 设备获取网络流量;在移动通信网中,审计系统通过 PDSN/GGSN/PGW 获取网络流量。对于基站、区域流量、用户关联分析,主要是基于控制面的流量进行分析,而对于业务流量的行为审计和内容审计主要基于用户面的流量进行分析。在实施用户面流量分析时,需要解析隧道(如 GRE)内的业务 IP 报文。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00087.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00087.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..853d3ceaf635b4ed33923be5040340c163a5143b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00087.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +## 商用密码应用安全性评估量化评估规则 + +(2023版) + +2023年7月17日发布 + +2023年8月1日实施 + + + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00088.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00088.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dc122d782caf95d5bd9fa2a4d8a15290385f3cbd --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00088.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + + +
4应用和数据安全(1)身份鉴别300.40.711
(2)访问控制信息完整性0.40.40.40.7
(3)重要信息资源安全标记完整性//0.40.7
(4)重要数据传输机密性0.40.711
(5)重要数据存储机密性0.40.711
(6)重要数据传输完整性0.40.70.71
(7)重要数据存储完整性0.40.70.71
(8)不可否认性l/11
密码应用管理要求5管理制度(1)具备密码应用安全管理制度81I11
(2)密钥管理规则0.70.70.70.7
(3)建立操作规程/0.70.70.7
(4)定期修订安全管理制度l/0.70.7
(5)明确管理制度发布流程l/0.70.7
(6)制度执行过程记录留存l/0.70.7
6人员管理(1)了解并遵守密码相关法律法规和密码管理制度80.70.70.70.7
(2)建立密码应用岗位责任制度/111
(3)建立上岗人员培训制度l0.70.70.7
(4)定期进行安//0.70.7
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00089.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00089.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3cdf1efd73dbcf5e603b70993140ccbd2a98c739 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00089.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +## 主要修订情况 + + +
版本章节主要修订内容
2020/首次制定
2021第4章● 将“密码使用安全”更名为“密码使用有效性”● 将“密码算法/技术安全”更名为“密码算法/技术合规性”
第5章● 增加“若某个安全层面的所有测评指标都不适用,则该安全层面不参与量化评估过程”的示例● 完善量化评估表的说法,并增加脚注● 更新安全层面和测评单元的权重值
2023第1章对适用范围的说法进行微调
第3章对原则的说法进行微调
第4章对框架的说法进行微调
第5章● 更名为“量化评估规则”● 修改各测评对象的测评结果量化评估规则和量化评估表,增加密码算法/技术合规性修正参数和密钥管理安全修正参数,并增补《商用密码应用安全性评估报告模板(2023版)》中针对分值弥补的说明● 修改整体测评结果量化评估规则,使密码应用技术要求和密码应用管理要求两部分分值保持固定
第6章● 更名为“量化评估阈值”● 增补《商用密码应用安全性评估报告模板(2023版)》中确定的阈值
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00090.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00090.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c0cbadd6d26acfc27a94c7ac18575693b01d272e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00090.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +
符合情况涉及情况示例分值$S_{i,j,k}$
密码使用有效性D密码算法/技术合规性A密钥管理安全K
符合全部符合相关的要求1
部分符合密码使用有效,具备安全的密钥管理机制,但使用的密码算法/技术不符合法律、行政法规、国家有关规定和密码相关国家标准、行业标准的有关要求$0.5R_{0}$
密码使用有效,使用的密码算法/技术符合法律、行政法规、国家有关规定和密码相关国家标准、行业标准的有关要求,但是相关的密钥管理机制存在问题$0.5R_{k}$
密码使用有效,但使用的密码算法/技术不符合法律、行政法规、国家有关规定和密码相关国家标准、行业标准的有关要求,相关的密钥管理机制也存在问题$0.25R_{k}R_{k}$
不符合//未使用密码技术,或由于未正确、有效使用密码技术导致无法满足信息系统的安全需求0
注1:在判定密码使用有效性、密码算法/技术合规性、密钥管理安全三个维度时,均进行独立判定,比如:在单独判定密码使用有效性维度时,不考虑由于密码算法/技术合规性和密钥管理安全导致的风险。注2:$R_{k}$为密码算法/技术合规性修正参数,取值见表2;$R_{k}$为密钥管理安全修正参数,取值见表3。
+ + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00091.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00091.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..68151e0399a8911efa4d0c74fed0f8f8eb38616d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00091.md @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +## 附录 A + +## (资料性) + +## 容器安全场景与安全要求的选择和使用 + +## A.1 场景与安全要求 + +在安全建设、整改与等级测评时应考虑上述三种场景有不同的适用要求。 + +表A.1 各场景与等级保护技术要求的映射关系 + + +
场景技术要求
公有容器集群安全通用要求
云计算安全扩展要求
容器安全要求
物理机器界的私有容器集群安全通用要求
容器安全要求
私有云部署的私有容器集群安全通用要求
云计算安全扩展要求
容器安全要求
注:如被测系统还涉及其他领域,则“技术要求”部分还应包括相应领域的其他扩展要求。
+ +表A.2 要求项与适用场景对照表 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
安全类控制点要求项物理机部署的私有容器集群公有容器集群/私有云部署的私有容器集群
安全计算环境身份鉴别a)应对管理平台的访问请求进行身份标识和鉴别,并确保使用安全协议连接:
b)应对容器镜像仓库的访问请求进行身份标识和鉴别,并确保使用安全协议连接:
c)应对容器实例的访问请求进行身份标识和鉴别,并确保使用安全协议连接。
访问控制a)应对管理平台实现基于角色或更细粒度的访问控制,支持设定不同用户对管理平台内各类资源和容器镜像资源的细粒度权限控制:
b)应实现对容器镜像仓库的访问控制,支持项目级别权限控制:
c)应实现多用户场景下容器实例之间、容器与宿主机之间、容器与其他主机之间的网络访问控制:
d)应确保集群用户和应用程序对资源的访问控制权限随容器实例迁移:
e)应使用安全容器运行时技术实现内核级别的强隔离:
安全审计a)应审计容器镜像使用情况,包括镜像上传、下载镜像事件审计,记录访问源IP:
b)应审计管理平台事件,包括各资源创建、更新、销毁等事件,支持开关内置风险策略:
c)应审计容器实例事件,包括进程、文件、网络等事件:
d)应实现审计数据留存或备份,审计数据保存时间应符合法律法规要求。
入侵防范a)应确保容器镜像只使用安全的基础容器镜像,仅包含必要的软件包或组件,对不安全镜像进行告警,并实现拦截:
b)应确保容器镜像修复超危、高危和中危网络安全漏洞:
c)应确保容器镜像内不包含敏感信息、SSH等证书文件,环境变量中不包含用户名密码:
+ diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00092.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00092.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ad7ba05c9d86c8cbf1a17a35dd62c504167ed35a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00092.md @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +
安全类控制点要求项*管理平台计算节点容器镜像仓库容器实例容器镜像
c)应实现多用户场景下容器实例之间、容器与宿主机之间、容器与其他主机之间的网络访问控制;
d)应确保集群用户和应用程序对资源的访问控制权限随容器实例迁移;
e)应使用安全容器运行时技术实现内核级别的强隔离;
安全审计a)应审计容器镜像使用情况,包括镜像上传、下载镜像事件审计,记录访问源IP;
b)应审计管理平台事件,包括各资源创建、更新、销毁等事件,支持开关内置风险策略;
c)应审计容器实例事件,包括进程、文件、网络等事件;
d)应实现审计数据留存或备份,审计数据保存时间应符合法律法规要求。
入侵防范a)应确保容器镜像只使用安全的基础容器镜像,仅包含必要的软件包或组件,对不安全镜像进行告警,并实现拦截;
b)应确保容器镜像修复超危、高危和中危网络安全漏洞;
c)应确保容器镜像内不包含敏感信息、SSH等证书文件,环境变量中不包含用户名密码;
d)应在容器镜像创建或部署过程中扫描容器镜像漏洞,对不安全的镜像进行告警并阻断创建或部署流程;
e)应统计和删除容器镜像仓库中长期未被下载使用且存在安全风险的镜像;
f)除基础平台组件外,应禁止业务容器实例使用特权用户和特权模式运行,并对特权用户运行容器行为进行告警并拦截;
g)应监测对管理平台和容器实例的攻击行为并拦截;
h)应监测容器集群内异常流量,对异常流量拦截;
i)应对失陷容器进行响应处置,例如关闭或隔离容器。
恶意代码防范a)应识别容器镜像内的病毒、木马等恶意代码,对危险容器镜像告警并阻止该镜像加入容器仓库;
b)应监测容器实例运行过程中的恶意代码上传、下载、横向传播行为并拦截。
容器镜像保护a)应具备容器镜像签名功能,对容器镜像完整性进行校验;
b)应在镜像构建配置文件中将运行用户定义为非最高权限用户,禁止未定义用户或定义为最高权限用户;
c)应采用密码技术或其他技术手段防止容器镜像中可能存在的敏感资源被非法访问。
安全管理中心集中管控a)应实现以容器集群的方式对容器实例等资源进行统一编排调度管理,并具备计算节点及容器实例的故障自动恢复、弹性伸缩等可用性要求;
b)应通过容器镜像仓库对容器镜像进行统一管理,以实现多个容器镜像仓库数据同步,并具备推送和拉取等多种同步方式;
c)应支持管理平台与业务平面的流量分离;
d)应支持对容器实例的各项性能指标进行集中监控,包括但不限于容器的CPU使用与限制信息、内存使用与限制信息、网络带宽信息、进程信息等。
安全建设管理供应链管理a)应确保容器集群技术供应商的选择符合国家有关规定;
b)应将容器集群供应链安全事件信息或安全威胁信息及时传达到容器集群用户;
c)应将容器集群供应商的重要变更及时传达到容器集群用户,变更带来超危、高危、中危网络安全漏洞风险时应及时修复。
注:代表要求项与对象匹配
*以四级要求项为例
diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00093.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00093.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a46e684c8585d0737fdd28d5783f9b70655e2d37 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00093.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +用于保障容器实例运行机制符合特定规范的一组软件集合, + +## 3.9 + +## 安全容器运行时 secure container runtime + +提供独立的操作系统内核以及虚拟化层的容器运行时。 + +## 3.10 + +## 失陷容器 intruded container + +已被攻击者入侵和控制的容器。 + +## 3.11 + +## 环境变量 environment variables + +包含关于系统及当前登录用户的环境信息的字符串。 + +## 4 缩略语 + +下列缩略语适用于本文件。 + +OCI:开放容器标准(Open Container Initiative) + +IDC:互联网数据中心(Internet Data Center) + +ETCD:分布式键值存储数据库 + +## 5 容器集群及风险概述 + +容器集群是指采用编排软件来统一管理容器形成的集群,容器集群通常由管理平台、计算节点、操作系统、容器镜像、容器运行时、集群网络、容器实例、容器镜像仓库构成。对于未采用集群编排软件进行统一管理,只是将容器作为虚拟化技术使用的场景,不适用于本文件。 + +图1给出了容器集群的架构模型。 + + + +图1 容器集群架构 + +——管理平台是用于控制计算节点的管理节点。所有任务分配都来自于管理平台,容器集群提供了一个全局的管理界面,是由相关的管理组件组合共同提供能力,如 Kubernetes 集群有:API Server、CoreDNS、Controller、Scheduler、ETCD 等核心组件,这些管理组件如果配置不当或者出现软件漏洞可能会导致整个集群出现安全风险。 + +——计算节点是负责执行请求和所分配任务的物理机或者虚拟机,由管理平台负责对计算节点进行控制。每个计算节点上存在容器镜像、容器运行时、集群网络、容器实例等多个角色。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00094.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00094.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a0ba97fd5d6fcc17139a698abb01eb6033ca7e18 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00094.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +## HB + +## 中华人民共和国航空行业标准 + +HB 8714—2024 + +## 飞机空速系统校准飞行试验要求 + +Requirements for flight test of aircraft airspeed system calibration + +2024—12—10 发布 + +2025—07—01 实施 + + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00095.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00095.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ffe50be12758d8961ed42a339e10509573dd59c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00095.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +## 附录 A + +## (资料性) + +## 推荐的空速系统校准试飞方法 + +## A.1 蓄压式静压源法 + +## A.1.1 试验原理 + +蓄压式静压源法是飞机在跑道上加速时把同一时刻试验用空速表所指示的空速值与产品型空速表的空速值进行比较。对于机械式空速表,可以用电影摄像机或电视摄像机记录空速数据;如果采用传感器式仪器,则可用电子设备记录空速数据。 + +## A.1.2 试验条件 + +试验条件包括: + +a) 大气环境:地面风速不大于5.1m/s(10kn); + +b) 重量和重心:地面滑跑过程中的校准对重心不敏感。重量会对加速时的动态效应有影响,试验重量的变化应该足够大,以考虑由重量引起的任何可测量的影响; + +c) 速度范围:对于 CCAR25 部的运输类飞机,速度范围应从 0.8 倍的 $V_{1}$ 最小值到 $V_{R}$ 的最大值(对于 CCAR23 部的飞机,速度范围应从 0.8 倍的 $V_{1}$ 最小值到 1.2 倍的 $V_{1}$ 最大值,除了扩展起飞数据需要直到 $V_{R}$ 的更大值的情况之外): + +d) 构型:襟翼在起飞位置。 + +## A.1.3 试验程序 + +试验程序包括: + +a)飞机对正跑道; + +b) 在发动机慢车功率和座舱门打开的状态下,打开阀门,使蓄压瓶内的气压达到外界静止大气的状态,然后关闭阀门,记录试验用高度表的读数; + +c) 关闭座舱门; + +d) 按正常起飞程序进行起飞加速,应在足以包含所要求的空速范围的区间内,用摄像机记录两个空速表指示的速度; + +e)如果可能,起飞滑跑应该一直持续到超过所要求的最大速度,然后中断起飞;当飞机在发动机慢车情况下处于静止时,再次打开阀门,并观察试验用高度表;高度表指示的高度有任何明显突变或变化都表明可能存在系统漏气、跑道坡度太大或其他使试验结果无效的因素。 + +## A.1.4 数据采集和处理 + +在要求的范围内,以任意选定的速度增量判读记录的数据(胶片或录像),记录并完成下列各项内容: + +a) 产品型空速表的指示空速、试验用空速表的指示空速以及构型; + +b) 对试用空速表的指示空速进行仪表误差修正,在采用电子仪器的情况下,进行任何已知的动态效应的修正,假定蓄压瓶里的静压不会引起位置误差,这些修正后的空速值可以认为是校准空速; + +c) 计算空速系统的误差(修正后的试验用空速表的指示空速与产品型空速表的指示空速之差),在要求的速度范围内绘制指示空速随校准空速变化的曲线。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00096.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00096.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..94e66559a552701e07396e8771f8bfc9a765b8e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00096.md @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +## 飞机空速系统校准飞行试验要求 + +## 1 范围 + +本文件规定了飞机空速系统校准飞行试验的测试参数、试飞条件、试飞方法与内容、试飞结果与可接受判据等的内容和要求。 + +本文件适用于运输类飞机的空速系统校准飞行试验。其他类型飞机可参照执行。 + +## 2 规范性引用文件 + +下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中,注日期的引用文件,仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件;不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 + +HB 8472 民用飞机飞行试验通用要求 + +《中国民用航空规章第23部(正常类、实用类、特技类和通勤类飞机适航规定)》(CCAR-23-R3)中国民用航空局2004年10月12日中国民用航空局令第132号 + +《中国民用航空规章第25部(运输类飞机适航标准)》(CCAR-25-R4)中国民用航空局2011年11月7日中国民用航空局令第209号 + +## 3 术语和定义 + +下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 + +## 3.1 + +## 位置误差 position error + +由空速管外形及其在飞机上的安装位置引起的空速表、高度表、马赫数表的误差。 + +## 3.2 + +## 静压源位置误差 static pressure position error + +当飞机在飞行时,由于飞机机体的干扰作用,使静压源处静压值发生畸变,静压受感器所感受到的静压与自由流场中静压的差值,该差值主要与静压受感器的安装位置有关。 + +## 4 符号和缩略语 + +## 4.1 符号 + +下列符号适用于本文件。 + +$M_{MO}$ ——最大使用马赫数。 + +$V_{D}$ ——设计俯冲速度。 + +$V_{DF}$ ——最大俯冲验证速度。 + +$V_{FE}$ ——襟翼放下限制速度。 + +$V_{MO}$ ——最大使用速度。 + +$V_{R}$ ——起飞抬前轮速度。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00097.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00097.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..380c0e5a5529ac12359f7966921d70b0498b3c41 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00097.md @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +$V_{SR}$ ——基准失速速度。 + +$V_{SR}$ ——襟翼展态基准失速速度。 + +$V_{SR}$ ——襟翼收态基准失速速度。 + +$V_1$ ——决策速度(决断速度)。 + +$V_{2}$ ——起飞安全速度。 + +## 4.2 缩略语 + +下列缩略语适用于本文件。 + +AFM——飞机飞行手册(Aircraft Flight Manual) + +DGPS——差分全球定位系统(Differential Global Position System) + +GPS——全球定位系统(Global Positioning System) + +SSEC——静压源误差修正(Static Source Error Calibration) + +## 5 一般要求 + +## 5.1 试飞大纲 + +应根据飞行试验各阶段的任务性质、试验要求和试飞内容制定相应的试飞大纲,经评审后报相应部门批准,作为试飞实施的依据性文件。试飞大纲应符合HB 8472的规定。 + +## 5.2 试验资源 + +## 5.2.1 试验机 + +与飞机空速系统校准飞行试验相关的飞机构型和技术状态(例如飞机空速系统的布局)应满足试飞大纲的要求,加装相应的测试设备(例如总静压支杆系统)应对飞机空速系统测量无影响,其他应符合HB 8472的规定。 + +## 5.2.2 地面保障 + +应对试验支持设施和专用设备进行规划和安排,并根据试验选定的试验方法的特点配备专用设备,地面特殊保障设备/设施主要包括: + +a)用于风险科目监控的地面实时监控系统; + +b) 用于地面空速校准的气象测量设备; + +c)用于地面空速校准的光电经纬仪; + +d) 数据处理系统; + +e) GPS 差分站; + +f) 塔测设备。 + +## 5.3 试飞测试 + +飞机空速系统校准飞行试验测试应符合 HB 8472 的规定,并根据试验选定的试验方法的特点,配备和安装的机上专用设备,主要包括: + +a) 拖锥或拖曳弹静压系统; + +b) 总静压支杆系统; + +c) GPS; + +d) 光电经纬仪的角反射器。 diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00098.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00098.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..faf6607cb9dbceb2bceba4e918ecb0543cd45201 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00098.md @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +## 7.2 保管期限划分 + +7.2.1 ERP 系统电子文件归档时应划定保管期限,保管期限分为永久和定期,定期一般为 30 年和 10 年,具体见附录 A。 + +7.2.2 电子文件名称与附录 A 不一致或未列出的,参照相关部门类档案管理规定划分保管期限。 + +## 7.3 分类 + +## 7.3.1 分类规则 + +ERP 系统电子文件可独立形成 ERP 系统电子档案类集中管理,也可根据其内容归入相应档案门类管理。 + +## 7.3.2 集中管理 + +## 7.3.2.1 分类方法 + +电子文件可按业务子系统、文件类型、年度等实施多级分类。以制造业为例,参照如下规则 + +a)按业务子系统分类,即按照产生ERP系统电子文件的业务子系统分类(见表1)。 + +表 1 按业务子系统分类的电子文件分类示例 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
子系统名称业务子系统代号
采购管理子系统01
物料管理子系统02
生产计划管理子系统03
质量管理子系统04
销售管理子系统05
设备管理子系统06
项目管理子系统07
其他08
+ +b)按年度分类,即按照 ERP 系统电子文件的形成年度分类。 + +c) 按文件类型分类,即按照 ERP 系统电子文件反映的文件类型分类(见表 2)。 + +表 2 按文件类型分类的电子文件分类示例 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
名 称文件类型代号
业务单据01
业务报表02
其他03
+ +## 7.3.2.2 分类方案 + +集中管理可按照以下方法进行分类: + +a)业务子系统(或文件类型)—年度分类法; + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00099.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00099.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..04ce3be4468f73e54a6515e0570a96fc246ede37 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00099.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +## 前言 + +本文件按照GB/T 1.1-2020《标准化工作导则 第1部分:标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规定起草。 + +请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利,本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。 + +本文件由国家移民管理局提出。 + +本文件由全国警用装备标准化技术委员会(SAC/TC561)归口。 + +本文件起草单位:国家移民管理局后勤保障司、北京模度空间服装工作室、艾利特控股集团有限公司。 + +本文件主要起草人:李俊杰、毛甫金、于开林、陈建和、黄侃、林道庞、徐浩然、阮希恭、白强、高军、吴亦瑶。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00100.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00100.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..66fa2ffaf6e00672cb402e3f71a4a8d1f27460af --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00100.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +## 警用服饰 移民管理警察臂章 + +## 1 范围 + +本文件规定了警用服饰移民管理警察臂章的要求、试验方法、检验规则及标志、包装、运输与贮存。 + +本文件适用于以涤纶低弹丝提花机织布为面版,白色机织衬布为底面,经热熔粘合、锁边等工艺制作的警用服饰移民管理警察臂章的生产、检验与订购。 + +## 2 规范性引用文件 + +下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中,注日期的引用文件,仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件;不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 + +GB/T 191 包装储运图示标志 + +GB/T 250 纺织品 色牢度试验 评定变色用灰色样卡 + +GB/T 2828.1 计数抽样检验程序 第1部分:按接收质量限(AQL)检索的逐批检验抽样计划 +GB/T 2912.1 纺织品 甲醛的测定 第1部分:游离和水解的甲醛(水萃取法) + +GB/T 3920 纺织品 色牢度试验 耐摩擦色牢度 + +GB/T 3921-2008 纺织品 色牢度试验 耐皂洗色牢度 + +GB/T 6543-2008 运输包装用单瓦楞纸箱和双瓦楞纸箱 + +GB/T 6836 缝纫线 + +GB/T 8427-2019 纺织品 色牢度试验 耐人造光色牢度:氙弧 + +GB/T 17253 合成纤维丝织物 + +FZ/T 54005 有色涤纶低弹丝 + +FZ/T 64007 树脂机织衬 + +QB/T 2422 封箱用 BOPP 压敏胶粘带 + +QB/T 2461 包装用降解聚乙烯薄膜 + +QB/T 3811 塑料打包带 + +## 3 术语和定义 + +本文件没有需要界定的术语和定义。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00101.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00101.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bc203ab593d3d82b0a1f82db4d569bea1f1329ee --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00101.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +
感知对象感知终端类别典型应用场景类别
按城市功能按城市空间
液体流量感知终端生产场所监测管理、商贸商场监测管理、养老场所监测管理、教学园区监测管理、社区安防管理、物流商贸监测管理
液位感知终端社区安防管理、养老场所监测管理
风力风力感知终端生产场所监测管理、商贸商场监测管理、养老场所监测管理、教学园区监测管理
重力重力感知终端交通点管理、交通秩序管理
音视频摄像机社区安防管理、社区公共设施管理、交通设施管理
摄像机(人脸抓拍)街面治安管理、社会人员管理、社区安防管理
摄像机(车辆抓拍)交通点管理、交通秩序管理
摄像机(越线、闯入、抽烟、打瞌睡、未系安全带、打手机等事件分析)交通点管理、交通秩序管理、社区安防管理
摄像机(船只、枪支等特定物品监测)交通点管理、交通秩序管理、社区安防管理
拾音器社区安防管理、物流仓储监测管理
电流/电压/功耗电流传感器、电压传感器社区公共设施管理、交通设施管理地上/地下
功率传感器、智能电表社区公共设施管理、生产场所监测管理
+ +## 6.2 感知终端功能性能参数 + +宜按照制造商提供的终端产品使用说明,明确感知终端工作要求和性能参数,包括但不限于: + +a)功耗情况; + +b) 供电方式; + +c) 数据传输方式; + +d) 可靠性; + +e)工作环境指标; + +f) 连续工作时长: + +g)电磁兼容要求; + +h) 安全要求; + +i) 防护等级; + +j) 防火要求; + +k)设备标识; + +l) 尺寸和质量; + +m)终端系统要求; + +n)设备互联互通要求。 + diff --git a/markdowns/legal_standard_00102.md b/markdowns/legal_standard_00102.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..89f52f7455df0460b7b4d193a029d07234fc3abf --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/legal_standard_00102.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ + + +图 1 智慧城市感知终端应用场景分类框架 + +## 5.2 按城市功能分类 + +## 5.2.1 分类方法 + +参照 GB/T 36333—2018,感知终端应用场景按城市功能分为城市治理、产业经济、民生服务、生态宜居四大类。 + +每大类应用场景分为两级: + +a)中类根据城市实际运行业务,将城市功能划分为不同的业务职能; + +b) 小类按照不同的服务对象,将业务职能划分为不同的服务内容,支撑感知终端的应用部署。 + +## 5.2.2 场景编码 + +按城市功能分类应用场景编码方式如下: + +a)大类采用两位编码,自01起顺序编码至04: + +b)中类采用四位编码,前两位为所属大类编码,后两位自01起顺序编码: + +c) 小类采用六位编码,前四位依次为所属大类、中类编码,后两位自01起顺序编码。 + +## 5.2.3 城市治理应用场景分类 + +感知终端在城市治理领域的应用主要是通过动态感知掌握城市运行状态,推进城市治理场景多方协同。 + +感知终端在城市治理领域的典型应用场景包括城市管理、社区治理、道路交通、消防安全、防灾减灾、市政设施等,见表1。 + +表 1 感知终端在城市治理领域的典型应用场景分类 + +
中类小类应用场景描述
0101 城市管理010101 街面治安管理推进街面治安管理,对街面“黄赌毒”,打架斗殴、非法宣传煽动、强讨恶要等活动进行监控,对刀枪等违禁品实施管控,辅助开展大型活动安保管理
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00001.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00001.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..33f60021efb3756cedadc4539e8a452d3ee93e33 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00001.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +可以为单侧或双侧。 + +pN1b:单侧、双侧或对侧颈淋巴结转移(包括Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ或Ⅴ区)淋巴结或咽后淋巴结转移。 + +远处转移:适用于所有甲状腺癌 + +M0:无远处转移;M1:有远处转移 + + +
乳头状或滤泡状癌(分化型)
年龄<55 岁
TNM
I 期任何任何0
II 期任何任何1
年龄≥55 岁
I 期10/x0
20/x0
II 期1~210
3a~3b任何0
III 期4a任何0
IVA 期4b任何0
IVB 期任何任何1
髓样癌(所有年龄组)
I 期100
II 期2~300
III 期1~31a0
IVA 期4a任何0
1~31b0
IVB 期4b任何0
IVC 期任何任何1
未分化癌(所有年龄组)
IVA 期1~3a0/x0
IVB 期1~3a10
3b~4任何0
IVC 期任何任何1
+ +注:以上表格中“年龄”均指患者病理组织标本获取日期时的年龄。 diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00002.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00002.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9f8f587496775bc721afd76db6544c5de9cb024e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00002.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +本批单适用于上述保险单。 + +请仔细阅读本批单条款,尤其是以红色字体标注免除我们责任的条款内容 + +## 承保范围 + +## 条件差异/限额差异 + +承保范围增加下列条款。 + +本批单提供的承保范围根据其条件适用,除非: + +A. 基础保险根据其条款适用于损失,或本应适用于损失,但在赔付判决,和解或其他支出或费用(如果该支出或费用的赔付减少责任限额)用尽了责任限额的情况下,则承保范围根据超额条款适用;或 + +B. 基础保险根据其条款因为责任限额用尽以外的原因不适用于损失 而您已保所有应有的特定保险,则承保范围根据条件差异/限额差异条款适用。 + +## 超额条款 + +根据本保险的所有条款,我们将给付超过下列保险的可用责任限额的损失部分: + +• 控制认可的保险,包括该控制认可的保险的任何免赔额,自留额或自保额,但仅限于本保险的责任限额尚未因该控制认可的保险的给付而用尽的部分;或 + +• 基础保险(除控制认可的保险以外),包括该控制认可的保险的任何免赔额,自留额或自保额。 + +如果基础保险的可用责任限额: + +• 因为给付判决,和解或相关的支出或费用(如果该支出或费用减少责任限额)而减少,则本保险的赔付范围将降低至超过基础保险剩余的可用责任限额的部分。 + +• 因为给付判决,和解或相关的支出或费用(如果该支出或费用减少责任限额)而用尽,则本保险将代替基础保险为给付。 + +本条款不适用于下列情况的任何部分: + +A. 在基础保险责任限额内的损失,无论该基础保险是否可用或可得赔付。 + +B. 基础保险根据法律规定对于损失承担无限责任和义务,无论该基础保险是否可用或可得赔付。 + +C. 基础保险如非因为给付判决,和解或有关的支出或费用(如果该支出或费用减少责任限额)用尽责任限额,即承担赔偿责任的损失。 + +D. 前述 A., B. or C 描述的任何有关损失的支出或费用。 + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00003.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00003.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4a737bebe906e7858ca99dedc8c889208e282b9b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00003.md @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +## 控制及合作 + +在我们与您或其他被保险人就本保险承保的某一情况,索赔或诉讼进行咨询时,如果该情况,索赔或诉讼发生在非认可的管辖地区内,或我们不为索赔或诉讼权利进行辩护的任何地方,我们保留控制调查、辩护、赔付或追偿程序的权利。您或其他被保险人有义务与我们就该等程序提供合作。 + +## 发生索赔、诉讼或其他损失状况时的义务 - 条件差异 / 限额差异的承保范围 + +如果发生任何情况,索赔或诉讼,您或其他被保险人应执行下述 1.2. 及 3. 项的义务。 + +1. 将发生的情况通知我们,或我们授权接受通知的的下述任何个人或机构。 + +您必须在位于本保险单签发国的公司总部的执行长,风险经理或保险经理知悉情况,索赔或诉讼后尽快通知我们。 + +任何其他被保险人必须在其位于本保险单签发国的公司总部的执行长,风险经理或保险经理知悉情况,索赔或诉讼后尽快通知我们。 + +然而,如果您或其他被保险人是个人或合伙,您必须在您或其他合伙人知悉情况,索赔或诉讼后尽快通知我们。 + +您或其他被保险人必须将通知送交: + +a. 我们; + +b. 我们在本保险单签发国的授权代理: + +c. 丘博保险集团的其他成员公司;或 d. 任何授权联络人。 + +有关本保险的所有承保范围,向前述b.c.或d.中列明的个人或机构作出情况,索赔或诉讼的通知将视为已基于本保险直接向我们通知了情况,索赔或诉讼,无论该通知系基于本保险或任何控制认可的保险所提出。 + +2. 根据组成本保险的各个保险有关损失条款提供详情。 + +3. 必要时,请联系我们在美国的国际理赔单位: + +Chubb Group of Insurance Companies + +One Financial Center + +Boston, Massachusetts 02111 + +United States of America + +电子邮件:mcu@chubb.com + +传真:1 877 200 5202 + +电话:1 877 200 5200 + +## 列明第一位的被保险人-条款差异/限额差异承保范围 + +承保明细表上列名第一位的被保险人的个人或机构应负责缴付保险费。列名第一位的被保险人应代表所有的被保险人提出或接受终止或不续保的通知,并接受本保险应退还的保险费。 + +此外,我们将所有损失及其承担何种给付支付予列名第一位的被保险人,无论列名第一位的被保险人对于其他人的义务。我们对于列名第一位的被保险人对于赔付运用的适当性不负责。如果我们对于列名第一位的被保险人以外的其他被保险人提出给付,视为对列名第一位的被保险人给付。我们对于某一被保险人所受损失但对其他被保险人有利的情形也不承担责任。 + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00004.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00004.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d34ee9b788b53756e2a77c4d818fe1f1333bc39a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00004.md @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +## 其他保险 + +如果被保险人持有其他有效且可得赔付的保险,我们的责任限制如下, + +本保险是任何其他保险的超额保险,无论该其他保险是基础的,超额的,有条件的或其他性质的。 + +如果是承保明细表记载的列明第一位的被保险人持有其他有效且可得赔付的保险,承保其作为合资企业或合伙的合伙人或成员的责任,则本保险仅适用于该损失赔偿责任超过该其他有效且可得赔付保险的可用责任限额的部分,而且该责任限额并未超过本保险的可用责任限额。 + +我们将仅赔付我们应分担的超过下列金额总额部分的损失金额: + +• 在本保险不存在的情况下,所有其他保险应赔付的金额:加上 + +• 所有 __其他保险__ 规定的免赔额与自保额的总数。 + +## 定义 + +## 认可的 + +本保险增加下列定义。 + +认可的是指下列的保险合同: + +1. 由财产或损失风险所在地的政府基金或已获营业执照或经法律许可营业的保险人所签发的保险合同;并且该保险合同 + +2. 签发给您或其他被保险人;或 + +3. 签发给保障您利益的某人(除了您或其他被保险人以外)。 + +认可的不包括针对本保险承保明细表中记载的责任限额而特别购买的超额保险。 + +## 授权联络人 + +授权联络人是指丘博保险集团成员公司以外的我们指定作为联络人的任何私营的保险人,但仅限于我们授权的保险交易。 + +## 强制认可的 + +强制认可的是指任何根据管辖地区当地的法律要求采用的认可的保险。 + +1. 您的财产或您照顾、管理或控制的财产的损失或损害; + +2. 因为以上 1. 所导致的收入损失;或 + +3. 邻居或承租人责任。 + +## 控制认可的 + +控制认可的是指下列任何认可的保险: + +1. 我们或其他丘博保险集团的成员公司签发给您的: + +2. 任何授权联络人签发给您的;或 + +3. 任何政府控制的保险人或政府基金签发给您的,但仅限于: + +a. 该保险及签发该保险的管辖地区已记载于国有化条款扩展条款:而且 + +b. 在该管辖地区: + +(1) 法律禁止私营保险人营业:或 + +(2) 法律禁止私营保险人经营您必须向政府控制的保险人或政府基金投保的特定险种。 + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00005.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00005.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bc81d9ca02d14968482fa4317f20a55e4d79d6b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00005.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +控制认可的也包括下列签发给您的认可的保险: + +1. 由我们,其他丘博保险集团的成员公司或任何授权联络人作为共保人而签发的: + +2. 任何私营保险人(除了我们,其他丘博保险集团的成员公司或任何授权联络人以外)作为我们,其他丘博保险集团的成员公司或任何授权联络人的共保人而签发的;或 + +3. 任何政府控制的保险人或政府基金作为我们,其他丘博保险集团的成员公司或任何授权联络人的共保人而签发的。 + +## 财务困难 + +财务困难是指由具有管辖权的法院宣告无清偿能力,包括: + +• 由州或联邦官员,政府机构或法院指派接管人,监督人,清算人,受托人,重整人或类似人员接管,监督,管理或清算某一机构;或 + +• 机构进行重整程序中。 + +## 独立订约认可的 + +独立订约认可的是指下列任何认可的保险: + +1. 除了我们,丘博保险集团成员公司或任何授权联络人以外的私营保险公司签发的: + +2. 任何政府控制的保险人或政府基金签发的控制认可的保险以外的保险;或 + +3. 非控制认可的保险。 + +## 损失 + +损失: + +A. 是指本保险承保而被保险人依法应承担赔偿责任的伤害,损失或费用的损害赔偿;而 + +B. 不包括因追偿或残值而扣减的金额。 + +## 非认可的管辖地区 + +非认可的管辖地区是指我们不具备营业执照或未经法律许可签发保险单的管辖地区或我们依当地法律或其他原因不得进行调查,和解或为某一情况,索赔或诉讼进行辩护的管辖地区。 + +## 其他保险 + +其他保险是指任何提供本保险也提供的承保范围的保险,包括任何形式的自保或其他机制。 + +其他保险不包括基础保险或特别作为本保险的超额保险而购买的保险。 + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00006.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00006.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cd9ccdcd54259eb25fdd416bac254e8612b185e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00006.md @@ -0,0 +1,191 @@ +## 游艇保险投保单 + +重要提示:尊敬的客户,感谢您选择中银保险有限公司!在填写本投保单之前,请您先仔细认真阅读投保单所附保险条款。阅读时请特别注意保险条款中保险责任、责任免除、投保人/被保险人义务、赔偿处理以及其他免除保险人责任的条款内容,并听取保险人就条款内容、尤其是免除保险人责任的条款内容所作的说明,不明之处敬请咨询。在您充分理解条款后,请如实填写本投保单各项内容(请在需要选择项目前的“□”内划√表示),并亲笔签字或盖章。我公司将严格为您所填写的内容保密,本投保单所填写内容如有变动,请及时到我公司办理变更手续。 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
投保人名称/姓名联系人联系电话
证件类型团体:□组织机构代码证 □营业执照 □其他__________证件号码:
个人:□身份证 □外国护照 □其他__________
通讯地址_______省_______市_______县/区________________________邮政编码
□被保险人与投保人相同,则您无须填写被保险人信息栏 □被保险人与投保人不同,请您填写被保险人信息栏
被保险人名称/姓名联系人移动电话
证件类型团体:□组织机构代码证 □营业执照 □其他__________证件号码:
个人:□身份证 □外国护照 □其他__________
通讯地址_______省_______市_______县/区________________________邮政编码
游艇信息游艇名称船舶登记号
游艇制造商游艇制造年份
购置年份购置价格
总长度宽度游艇材质
主机型号及功率最高设计时速
航行区域
停泊地点
游艇用途□娱乐 □出租 □营业载客 □竞赛 □其他(请列明)________________________
船舶管理人(游艇俱乐部)名称
主机在船内还是挂在船外?□船内 □船外(如挂在船外,有无使用防盗锁使其安全的被锁在船上?□有 □无)
游艇的机房、油箱/燃料舱、厨房,是否装有遥控或自动的灭火装置?□是(请列明)________________________□否(请列明是否有其他类似装置)________________________
保险方案保险项目保险金额/责任限额保险费率保险费
1、船身、机器设备及其他标准设备损失
2、是否附加第三者责任,□是 □否每次事故责任限额:
累计责任限额:
3、其它附加险
保险期间自_______年_______月_______日零时起,至_______年_______月_______日二十四时止,最长不超过一年。
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00007.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00007.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5314ded697a8dad195a6b1a7d911d56323a39509 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00007.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
总保险费(大写)支付币别☐人民币 ☐____
(小写)汇率
缴费计
☐一次性缴费,于 年 月 日前缴清保险费 ☐分期缴费,分____ 期
期次缴费起期缴费止期应缴金额
争议解决方式☐提交 ____仲裁委员会仲裁 ☐诉讼 ☐协商
特别约定
投保人声明本人所填写的投保单已附投保险种所对应的保险条款,且保险人已将投保险种对应的保险条款内容,特别是责任免除、投保人/被保险人义务、赔偿处理以及其他免除保险人责任的条款向本人作了明确说明,本人已充分理解,上述所填写内容均属实,同意以此投保单作为订立保险合同的依据。
投保人签字(盖章): 日期: 年 月 日
+ +## 保险公司填写栏 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
是否续保: ☐是 ☐否上年保单号
业务来源: ____/____/_____/_ 手续费比例
代理/经纪人名称及代码:
经办人姓名及工号:初审意见:
日期: 年 月 日
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00008.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00008.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a43a71e1cb260ec884fee149f23b9dc573804ae7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00008.md @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +## 建设工程投标保证保险保险单 + +保险单号码:620222021350600005047 + +鉴于投保人已向本保险人投保建设工程投标保证保险,并按保险合同约定交付保险费,本保险人同意按照《建设工程投标保证保险条款》的约定承保保险责任,特立本保险单为凭。与本保险单有关的附加条款,特约条款凭单以及投保单是本保险不可分割的组成部分。 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
投保人名称厦门毅丰装饰工程设计有限公司组织机构代码9135020026014596XJ
地址-电话13606937877
被保险人名称漳州旅投财培中心有限公司电话0596-5687888
地址350626邮编
招标项目名称漳州旅投财培中心有限公司一楼餐厅和二楼局部包间改造工程
保险金额人民币大写:贰万元整 ¥20000.00元
保险期限自2021 年07 月20 日零时起至2021 年12 月17 日二十四时止
保险费人民币大写:贰佰元整 ¥200.00元
绝对免赔率、
免赔额
免赔率免赔额
0%¥0.0
特别约定1 、本保单为:先行赔付、后续追偿的见索即付保单。
2 、本保单项下,本保险在投标有效期到期后28 日(含)内或被保险人延长投标有效期后的到期日
后28 日(含)内保持有效,延长投标有效期无须通知保险人,但任何索款要求应在投标有效期内送达保险人,本保单有效期最长不超过保单约定保险止期。
3 、被保险人应在保险期间内向保险人提出索赔,否则保险人不承担保险责任。
4 、保险人按照保险合同约定向被保险人赔偿相关款项后,投保人需向保险人归还全部赔偿款项。
保险人有权以尚欠全部款项为基数,以保险人赔付当日的银行贷款利率,并以赔付当日开始计算,向投保人收取资金占用利息。
5 、如果投保人已向被保险人缴纳保证金,出现违约情形,应先在企业保证金下进行赔付。
6 、本保险合同适用于长安责任保险股份有限公司《建设工程投标保证保险条款(长安责任)(备-保证保险)【2018 】(主)003 号》和附加先行赔偿及追偿保险条款》。
7、查验保单网址:http/www.ocaic.com/EbsWeb/myInsurance/frameNew.jsp·
争议处理诉讼
明示告知1 、收到本保险单后请仔细核对,填写内容如与投保不符,立即通知本保险人采取批改方式更改,其他方式无效。
2 、详细阅读所附后保险条款,特别是有关免除保险人责任的条款和被保险人、投保人义务的条款内容:
3 、在保险期间内一上述事项如有变更应及时通知保险人,
+ + + +签单地点:漳州市芗城区延安北路吉龙大厦1幢1105、1106、1107号 保险人签章 + +签单日期:2021-07-09 + + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00009.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00009.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1e364f0768f3d4f94f3abbce0690483d257297b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00009.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +## 理 赔 申 请 书 + +保险单号码 +为保证您的正当权益,请您认真填写下表内容 + +
申请人信息姓名性别证件类型
移动电话固定电话证件号码
联系地址省 市 区/县电子邮箱
申请人身份☐被保险人 ☐指定受益人 ☐被保险人继承人 ☐监护人☐其他:____
与投保人关系与被保险人关系与受益人关系
转账信息开户行户名账号
保险金达到1 万元人民币请填写本行国籍职业证件有效期年 月日
提示:若被保险人与申请人为同一人,则被保险人信息栏免填写
被保险人信息姓名性别证件类型
移动电话固定电话证件号码
联系地址省 市 区/县电子邮箱
保险金达到1 万元人民币请填写本行国籍职业证件有效期年 月日
受益人信息姓名性别证件类型
移动电话固定电话证件号码
联系地址省 市 区/县电子邮箱
保险金达到1 万元人民币请填写本行国籍职业证件有效期年 月日
出险概况出险原因☐意外 ☐疾病出险时间
事故经过
+ +## 理赔委托授权声明 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
现委托 ______ 先生/女士前往贵公司办理有关保单申请项下事宜。本委托有效期为 ____ 天。(委托日期同本申请书的申请日期。)
代办人身份信息姓名联系方式
证件类型证件号码
与委托人关系☐营销员 ☐收费员 ☐亲戚 ☐朋友 ☐其他:_____
委托人签名:_____ 代办人签名:_____
+ +## 保险欺诈风险提示 + +尊敬的客户: + +诚信原则是保险合同的基本原则,若违反诚信原则实施保险欺诈,应当依据《中华人民共和国刑法》和《中华人民共和国保险法》的规定承担法律责任:投保人、被保险人或者受益人进行保险诈骗活动,数额较大构成犯罪的,处以拘役或者有期徒刑,并处罚金或者没收财产;尚不构成犯罪的,由公安机关等有权机关依法给予15日以下拘留、5000元以下罚款的行政处罚;投保人、被保险人或者受益人虚报、谎报或故意制造保险事故的,保险公司有权依法解除保险合同,不承担赔偿或给付保险金责任。 + +## 其他声明与授权 + +1. 本人声明理赔申请书上所填写内容真实详尽,与投保人与被保险人或受益人关系属实,并已经阅读和知晓《保险欺诈风险提示》。 + +2. 本人授权任何医疗机构、保险公司或其它机构,以及一切熟悉被保险人身体健康状况之人士,均可以将被保险人身体健康状况之资料向泰康人寿保险有限责任公司如实提供。本授权之影印件亦属有效。 + +3. 转账授权声明:本人同意泰康人寿保险有限责任公司将理赔金转入“理赔申请书”所提供的银行账户中。本人声明上述银行账户确为申请人本人的账户,开户行名称、户名和账号均真实有效。本人同意承担因银行账户提供错误而导致转账失败而产生的法律、经济责任。 + +申请人签名:___ + +申请日期:___ + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00010.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00010.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b11593ed3026cdb845d6f9a83ec778c4b0a407a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00010.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +## 团体意外伤害保险投保单 + + + + + +
投保须知
1 .在填写本投保单之前,请您先仔细认真阅读投保单所附保险条款。阅读时请您特别注意保险条款中保险责任、责任免除、投保人/被保险人义务、赔偿处理以及其他免除保险人责任的条款内容,并听取保险人就条款内容、尤其是免除保险人责任的条款内容所作的说明,不明之处敬请咨询。
2 .在您充分理解条款后,请用蓝黑、碳素墨水如实填写本投保单各项内容,并在适当的口加上“✓”,字迹清晰(涂改无效)。我公司将严格为您所填写的内容保密。
3 .根据我国保险法》规定,如果投保人或被保险人因故意或重大过失未履行如实告知义务,足以影响本公司决定是否同意承保或提高保险费率的,本公司有权解除保险合同,所有告知事项以书面告知为准,口头告知无效。
4 .本投保单所填写内容如有变动,请及时到我公司办理变更手续。
一、投保人信息
客户名称组织机构代码
通讯地址邮政编码
联系人联系人手机传真电话
行业代码及类别(请业务员协助填写)团体总人数
二、被保险人信息
参保条件☐所有员工 ☐高/中层管理类人员或技术人员 ☐其他类别____:
团体内符合参保条件的实际人数被保险人数人,具体被保险人及受益人信息详见清单
投保方案确定方式☐统一标准 ☐按职位级别 ☐按职业工种 ☐其它方式:
三、保障项目信息(若被保险人数/团体总人数的比例低于75 %,则需要填制“职业代码及名称”栏)
方案代码及名称条款名称条款责任每日住院津贴(元)每人保险金额(元)每人保险费(元)被保险人人数职业代码及名称
☐团体意外伤害保险意外伤害身故--
意外伤害残疾--
☐附加团体意外伤害医疗保险----
☐附加团体意外伤害住院津贴保险--
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00011.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00011.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9257cb7ed8df2c5c19a875cc61b9af2cc19d6ecd --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00011.md @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +## 货物运输电子保险单 + +## CARGO TRANSPORTATION +## INSURANCE ELECTRONIC POLICY + + +DZAK1602282957 + +保险单号:AXIME9824216E045157L + +中国太平洋财产保险股份有限公司(以下称承保人)根据被保险人的要求,在被保险人向承保人缴付约定的保险费后,按照本保险单险别和背面所载条款与下列特款承保下述货物运输险,特立本保险单。 + +This Policy of Insurance witnesses that China Pacific Property Insurance Company Limited (hereinafter called "The Underwriter") at the request of the Insured named hereunder and in consideration of the agreed premium paid to the Underwriter by the Insured, undertakes to insure the unmentioned goods in transportation subject to the conditions of this Policy as per the Clauses printed overleaf and other special clauses attached herein. + +被保险人(Insured): 宋东哲:430302198905210770 + + + + + + + + + + + +
标记:
Marks&Nos.
Asper Invoice No.
包装与数量
Quantity
保险货物项目
Description of Goods
保险金额:
Amount Insured
2990411336
WAYBELL NO.:1515739890
SCTNS85 手机RMB100000.00
+ +## 总保险金额: + +## Total Amount Insured + +
费率:
Rate
ASARRANGED保费:
Premium
ASARRANGED免赔额/率:
Deductible/Franchise
开航日期:
Slg. on or abt.
March 22, 2016装载运输工具:
Per conveyance S.S.
BY EXPRESS 1845739800
运输路线:自
Route    From
SHENZHEN,CHINA
By
HONG KONG
To
承保险别:
Conditions
本电子保单于签发日(首次付款)第一次起用有效
(The claim raised by the lawful claimant for the first time during the insurance period shall be deemed to be effective.)
+ +Covering Parcel Post All Risks as per Parcel Post Insurance Clauses of China Pacific Property Insurance Co., Ltd. + +other terms & conditions are equivalent to the updated Open Policy. DEDUCTIBLE: RMB2000 OR 10% OF THE LOSS, WHICH IS THE GREATER. + +所保货物,如遇出险,本公司凭正本保险单及其他有关证件给付赔款;如发生本保险单项下负责赔偿的损失或事故,应立即通知下述代理人查勘。 + +Claims, if any, payable on surrender of the original of the Policy together with other relevant documents. In the event of accident whereby loss or damage may result in a claim under this Policy, immediate notice applying for survey must be given to Agent as mentioned hereunder. + +Webster House 207 Longlands Road Sidcup Kent DA15 7JH United Kingdom TEL: +44-20-8300 7744 (24 hr) FAX: +44-20-8309 1266 E-mail: info@wkwebster.com For updated info, please refer to www.wkwebster.com + + + +赔款偿付地点: +Claim payable at +ST.ALBANS,UNITED KINGDOM IN RMB +
核保 Underwrite制单 Operator慧择经纪普货经办 Handler林雅惠签单日期 IssuingMarch 21, 2016
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00012.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00012.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3c04b2831356f7c7a0058871f6c5ba8ad153b559 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00012.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +## 中国人民财产保险股份有限公司 +疫苗质量安全责任保险保险单(电子保单) + +保险单号:PZG0202433020000000001 + +鉴于投保人已向本保险人投保疫苗质量安全责任保险,并按本保险合同的约定交付保险费,保险人同意按照《中国人民财产保险股份有限公司疫苗质量安全责任保险条款》及附加险条款的约定承担保险责任,特立本保险单为凭。 + +限在宁波市销售 + + +
投保人名称:艾美坚持生物制药有限公司身份证号码:91330226744969762F
联系人姓名:电话/传真:
投保人地址:浙江省宁波市宁海县科技园区竹泉路29 号邮编:
被保险人名称:艾美坚持生物制药有限公司身份证号码:91330226744969762F
联系人姓名:电话/传真:
被保险人地址:浙江省宁波市宁海县科技园区竹泉路29 号邮编:
接种单位名称及地址
接种疫苗类型
年生产/销售剂量
主险■预防接种损害补充保险条款每人伤亡责任限额50 万元保险费10000.00 元
每次事故责任限额100 万元
累计责任限额200 万元
附加险☐附加一般反应条款
☐附加免疫失效条款
总保险费人民币(大写)壹万元整 ¥10000.00(其中:不含税保险费总计:9433.96元,增值税额总计:566.04元)
每次事故免
赔额或免赔率
■预防接种损害补充保险条款5000 . 00 元或损失金额的%,两者以高者为准。
☐附加一般反应条款
☐附加免疫失效条款
保险期间自2024 年12 月08 日零时起至2025 年12 月07 日二十四时止
保险合同争议解决方式诉讼
司法管辖中国境内(港、澳、台除外)
特别约定1 .疫苗名称:ACYW135 群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗。

损害赔偿保险:
每人伤亡责任限额50 万元
每次事故责任限额100 万元
累计责任限额200 万元

每次事故免赔额5000 元
针剂数量50 万
+ + + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00013.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00013.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..08cccc6001aba96c82819816c751d660340f1a80 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00013.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +限在广西壮族自治区销售 + + + +桂:54ad4128-6b78-48fc-836f-4158f78aba03 + +保险单号:803104508882023001766 + +鉴于投保人已向保险人提出投保申请,并同意按约定交付保险费,保险人依照承保险种及其对应条款和特别约定承担赔偿责任。 + + + + +
被保险人:广西壮族自治区贵港市无线电监测中心手机号:180****8389
证件类型:统一社会信用代码证件号:12450000MB1F4261XL地址:中国广西壮族自治区贵港市港北区金田路吉祥花苑A-07C幢30号
车主:广西壮族自治区贵港市无线电监测中心投保人:广西壮族自治区贵港市无线电监测中心
保险车辆情况号号码:桂RR5296厂牌型号:帕杰罗PAJERO V73越野车绝对免赔额:元
发动机号:6G72RB1292初次登日期:2004-10-21VIN码/车架号:JMYLRV73W4000760
机动车种类:客车使用性质:机关事业单位客车核定载质量:0千克核定载客:7 人
承保险种保金额/责任限额绝对
免赔率
保险费(元)承保险种保险额/责任限额绝对
免赔率
保险费(元)
机动车第三者责任保险20000000.00%197.55机动车车上人员责任保(司机)1000000.00%58.41
机动车车上员责任保险(乘客)6 座*100000.00%214.03
货率浮动(+/-)
保险费合计(人民币大写):肆佰陆拾玖元玖角玖分(¥:469.99元)
保险期间:2023年2月19日0时0分起至2024年02月18日24时0分止



1.本保单的销售渠道为:个人代理渠道,销售单位:何泳璇,销售费用:18.0%。
2.保险期间内,如发生本保险合同约定的保险事故造成被保险车辆损失或第三者财产损失,保险人可采取实物或修复方式进行保险赔付。
3.本保单保险费为含税金额,其中不含税保险费为443.39元,增值税为26.6元。
保险合同争议解决方式:诉讼



1.本保险合同由保险条款、投保单、保险单、批单和特别约定组成。
2.收到本保险单、承保险种对应的保险条款后,请立即核对,如有不符或疏漏,请及时通知保险人并办理变更或补充手续。
3.请详细阅读承保险种对应的保险条款,特别是责任免除、投保人被保险人义务、赔偿处理和通用条款等。
4.被保险机动车被转让、改装、加装或改变使用性质等,导致被保险机动车危险程度显著增加,应及时通知保险人。
5.被保险人应当在保险事故发生后及时通知保险人。
6.除法律法规另有约定外,投保人拥有保险合同解除权,涉及(减)退保保费的,退还给投保人。
7.被保险人可通过保险人网站自主查询承保理赔信息。


公司名称:北部湾财产保险股份有限公司贵港分公司业务三部公司地址:广西壮族自治区贵港市市辖区桂林路108号东方巴黎4幢11楼
邮政编码:537100联系电话:400-990-9999网址:http://www.bgic.com(保险人签章)
+ +核保:自核 + +制单:李智勇 + +经办:何泳璇 + + + +保单生成时间:2023-02-15 09:18:18 + +收费确认时间:2023-02-15 09:16:55 + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00014.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00014.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..90f4845a906c5cd7886a57d2debabed9bf97f9ce --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00014.md @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
财务信息
请注明以下财务信息的基准日期:
国家过去12个月的营业额未来12个月的预计营业额付款条件
中国(不包括台湾、香港和澳门地区)
国内贸易信息
营业额/坏账历史营业额坏帐
放账销售额 +(不包括对关联企业的销售)其它销售额 +(包括现金交易,信用证,对关联企业的销售)坏账总金额(除去追回款)最高坏账金额累计坏账件数
未来12个月的预测
本会计年度至今
会计年度
会计年度
会计年度
+ +买方分布: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
应收账款余额应收账款总额买方数量
>20,000,000元
10,000,001 元-20,000,000 元
5,000,001 元-10,000,000 元
2,500,001 元-5,000,000 元
1,000,001 元-2,500,000 元
500,001 元-1,000,000 元
<500,000元
合计
+ +如有买方逾期31天以上,请提供以下详细信息: + +
买方名称总账款余额逾期账款最早到期日已执行的催收方案
买方信息
买方名称、地址、企业法人营业执照注册号付款条件 未来 12 个月可保营业额预测拟申请信用限额
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00015.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00015.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4fa12def41dc3ad0344b7bfb132f4a8d4cdea09a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00015.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + +保险合同编号:________________________ (请勾选批单形式:□电子批单 □纸质批单) + +1)如您申请第 1-16 保全变更,可在以上栏位同时填写多个保单号码,请用分号隔开。请您在办理变更项目前的□内打 √,并用正格填写需要变更的内容. + +2)您的联系方式(地址、电话、Email)是我们向您传递保单信息的有效渠道,如发生变化时,请您及时办理变更,以便您能及时准确地获取相关服务。 + +3)如您提供的证件仅有效期被更新,且未进行客户基本资料变更的申请,我司将主动为您进行系统更新,便于您后期及时办理各项业务。 + +4)请您务必真实、清晰、完整地填本申请书中有关投保人、被保险人、指定受益人相关个人信息。该客户信息将被用于本公司为能公允地计算保费、核保以及提供各类客户服务等。如您没有真实、清晰、完整地填写本申请书中的客户信息,将会影响本公司向您提供服务的质量,甚至影响您的保险合同效力。 + + + + + + +
01 ☐ 保单通讯地址变更该投保人保单同时变更:☐是 ☐否 (如未勾,默认为仅变填写保险合同编号单)
____省 ____市 ____区________________ 邮政编码:____
02 ☐客户联系电话及Email 变更☐投保人 ☐被保人 ☐受益人 ____ (所选客户名下所有保单的相关内容将一并更新)
固定电话:________ 手机:________
E-mail: ________(注:请确保填写为您本人使用的电子邮箱)
03 账号变更
☐投保人收付费账号变更
☐支付方式-柜面缴费(刷卡/现金)
☐生存金/年金/满期金给付账号变更
开户银行:________
银行账号:□□□□ - □□□□ - □□□□ - □□□□ - □□□□
注意事项:
1 、投保人收付费账所有人应为投保人本人,用于投保人权益的保单交费(续期保费、保全补费等),退费(保单解约等),投保人与被保险人为同一人的保单默认此账号同时为生存金、年金,满期金的给付账号。2 、生存金/年金/满期金给付账户所有人应为被保险人本人,对投保人与被保险人为同一人的保单不接受单独申请此项变更。3 、账户所人有同意权此授权资料作为其本人在中美联泰大都会人寿保险有限公司(以下称“大都会人寿”)中保险合同约定的相关权益的使用,并同意按银行的各项规定执行。4 、账户所有人如果授权同一张银行账户用于两份或两份以上保险合同的保险费自动转账的,账户所有人同意依照大都会人寿规定的转账顺序转账。5 、账户所有人需保证用于自动转账交费的账户要至少保留比保险合同约定的应支付保险费款项多一元在该授账户中,否则可能导致扣款失败并影响该保险合同的效力。6 、若选则柜面缴费,将同时取消后续使用保费缴纳及借贷类金额给付(包括红利等)的转账方式。
04 ☐红利领取方式变更(此项变更需参考本公司相关规定)◯现金 ◯累积生息 ◯抵交保险费 ◯ 购买交清增额保险 ◯购买一年定期寿险◯ 增额红利 ◯ 关联万能
05 ☐年金领取变更(此项变更需参考本公司相关规定)领取方式变更:◯现金 ◯ 累积生息 ◯ 购买交清增额保险 ◯ 关联万能 领取频率变更:◯ 月领 ◯ 年领
06 ☐生存金领取方式变更(此项变更需参考本公司相关规)◯现金◯ 累积生息 ◯购买交清增额保险 ◯关联万能
07 ☐满期金领取方式变更(此项变更需参考本公相关规定)◯现金 ◯关联万能
08 ☐ 关联万能关联万能险保单号________
注:若择关联,相关费用请见万能险条款,适用产品以当时规则为准:若取消关联,全部保险金将恢复为产品默认的领取方式(请同时填写对应变更领取方式04 - 07 项)
09 ☐变更保险费逾期未付选择 ◯合同中止 ◯自动垫交保险费
注:如您选择保费逾期未付方式变更为自动垫交保险费,在超过宽限期仍未交费,而您的保险合同当时的现金价值扣除您尚未清偿的保单贷款及其累计利息之后的余额,足以垫交到期保险费时(含附加合同的保险费),我们将自动贷款给您,为您垫交该期保险费,该利率同保单贷款利率,贷款利息从保单应缴费日起计息。
10 ☐红利领取 (单次提领现存的给付金及其利息,如需变更领取方式请勾选对应选项04 )
11 客户资料变更
☐ 变更投保人资料
☐ 变更被保险人资料
☐ 变更受益人资料
☐ 被保险人重要资料变更(生日、性别、职业)
☐ 变更附属被保险人
☐变更第____附属被保险人
☐增加 ☐删除
姓名:____ 性别:☐男 ☐女 出生年月日:________
国籍:☐中国 ☐美国 ☐其它____
与被保险人关系:☐本人 ☐配偶 ☐父子 ☐父女 ☐母子 ☐每女 ☐其他________ 居住国家:________
证件类:☐身份证 ☐护用 ☐军人证 ☐其他____
证件起止期:____年____月 ____日至 ____年 ____月 ____日或口长期
证件号码:□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□
经常居住地址:____ 省 ____市 ____区________ 邮政编码:____
工作单位:________ 职业名称:________
年薪:________(万元,人民币) 职业代码(公司填写):________
投保人/被保险人签名:________(如变更投保人,此处为新投保人签名;如客户姓名变更,此处为新签名)
注:如变更的是投保人与被保险人资料,则该客户在我司所有保单项下对应的客户信息将一并变更。
12 ☐变更投保人⬤请同时填写第01、02、03、11项。
⬤对于含红利且红利取方式为累积生息的保单,在变更投保人时一并将已累积的红利转移给新投保人。
⬤若保险合同中含有豁免保险费责任时,应在变更保人同时,根据新投保人信息调整此险种。
⬤办理投保人变更的,如保单项下有对应的增值服务权益的,该权益将由变更后的新投保人承堪享有(但基于办理保险金信托业务而需变更投保人为信托机构的除外,该权益仍由原投保人享有)。
⬤新投保人声明:
1 )大都会人寿已对保险同条款履行了说明义务,并对保险责任、责任免除、免赔额、免赔率、比例赔付、退保条款、犹豫期条款等履行了提示和明确说明义务,上述内容本人均已完理解并同意遵守。
2 )本人同意自此项变更生效之日起履行投保人相关义务,包括按时支付保险费、偿还保单款(如有)等。
新投保人签名:________ 日期:________
13 ☐变更身故保险金受益人
⬤本次变更涉及_____人,如超过3人请填写多张申请书
⬤如证件存在起止有效期,则需一并填写
⬤如与被保险人系法定第一、第二顺序继承关系,需同时填写客户身份识别补充文件
姓名性别国籍居住证件类型证件号起止有效期出生日期关系比例顺序
diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00016.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00016.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cae16a3b5e8118046325c44704aec54c959869e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00016.md @@ -0,0 +1,124 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
14 ☐变更保险费溢交转下期的选 ◯ 同意 ◯ 不同意15 ☐补发保险合同 ◯纸质保单 ◯ 电子保单 ◯简易保险凭证与电子保单(仅适用顾销渠道)
16 ☐交费频率变更(此项变更需参考公司相关规定) ◯ 年交 ◯ 半年交 ◯ 季交 ◯ 月
17 ☐自动垫交中的还款(如保单失效,请同时填写18 项) 注:需一并还全部垫交本金及利息。 +
18 ☐复效(如需一并偿还垫交保费,请同时填写17 项)声明:本人清楚知悉合同中的责任免除款内容及自合同效力恢复之日起重新计算等待期。注:失效超过60 天申请复效,需填写健康告知书。
19 ☐减额交清 注:减额交清保险仅适用于主险,如您保单中包含附加险,请您同时填写第23 项“附加合同变更”取消附加险。
20 ☐更改组合产品代码1 )变更后的“组合商品”产品代码________
21 ☐变更主合同产品代码1 )变更后主合同名称(代码) ________(注意:需要填写完整的代码)
22 ☐ 变更主合同保险金额1 )变更后合同基本保险金额为 _______(变更后主合同保费金额 _______保费保额产品需填写) +(注意:请同步签署降低保额注意事项说明) +2 )复原基本保险金额:变更后主合同基本保险金额为_______ +(注意:(仅适用于包含“复原基本保险金额”条款的产品;最低为1000 元基本保额,最高为投保时的初始基本保额;如果申请前剩余可复原的基本保额不足2000 元,则只能选择复原至初始基本保额。)
23 ☐ 附加合同变更 +(需要填写完整代码)☐在本人(保人)申请新增投保附加险之际,贵公司已向本人出示并提供了对应附加险产品条款,且贵公司已向本人明确说明了条款内容,本人已认真阅读,理解解受了对应附加险产品条款(特别是保险责任、免除保险人责任条款、等待期、续保、解除合同等规定)的内容。 +(注意:如申请降低保额,请同步签署降低保额注意事项说明)
◯新增 ◯ 取消 ◯ 降低保额名称(代码)______ 变更后保额/份数 ____ 保险期间 ____交费期间
◯新增 ◯ 取消 ◯ 降低保额称(代码) 更后保额/份数 保险期 交期间
◯新增 ◯ 取消 ◯ 降低保额名(代码) 更后保额/份数 保险期 交期间
如您申请 19 .减额交清,22 .申请降低保额,23 .取消附加险,请同时勾选以下原因, +变更原因:☐经济问题 ☐家庭原因 ☐出国移国 ☐保险品种不符合本人需要 ☐对服务不满意 ☐其他:_______
注:1 )如您申请20 -23 项中的主合同变更/新增附加合同,申请通过后会重新列印保险合同,请您将原合同交回,如原合同遗失,请您勾选24 项遗失声明。2 )如您申请22 -23 项中含有一年期及一年期以下产品的取消或降低保额,且在我司开具过近一期的保险费发票,请您将发票一并回,如发票遗失,请您勾选24 项遗失声明。
24 ☐遗失声明:因本人因不慎将 ◯保险合同 ◯发票 遗失。现本人声明遗失的原文样本自申请之日起作废,若因该遗失而造成的一切后果由本人承担。
25 ☐ 变更/补充签名样式:◯ 投保人 ◯被保险人 变更/补充签名样式为:_________ ,本次变更/补充后以本签名样式为准。
26 ☐ 补充告知
27 ☐信函递送方式修改:◯ 纸质 ◯ 电子-短信 ◯电子-邮件(所选客户名下所有保单的相关内容将一并更新)
28☐ 其他
缓交期中的复交:29 项申请仅适用于提交万能型及投资连结型产品保单,且需符合申请对应的相关保险产品操作规则规定。 +追加保险费、部分领取:30 -31 项申请仅适用于万能型产品保单,且需符合申请对应的相关保险产品操作规则规定。
29 ☐缓交期中的复交 +注:若保单中含有附加险申请复效需同填写第18 项。按照保险单年度顺序依次补交;◯所有应交未交的期交保险费期数 ◯依次补交部分应交未交的期交保险费期数,即自欠交第一期起算之后共 _____期的期交保险费
30 ☐ 追加保险费:◯ 次申请追加保费 _____ 元31 ☐ 部分领取◯ 本次申请领取金额______ 元
填写须知1 .为维护您的权益,请勿在未经填写的空白申请书上签名盖章,签章前,请再次核对填写的内容。2 .请在您申请变更项的“☐”内打“✓”。3 .如果申请变更的内容在本申请书项目中未有列入者,请在“28 其他”栏内详述。4 .保险合同变更的申请日期与受理日期不超过3 个工日,如果逾期本次变更申请将自动无效。5 .投保人,被保险人应保证申请书中所填写的内容真实合法,并由本人亲笔签署确认,该申请将作为本公司出具相应保险合同批单的依据。 6. 申请上述项目变更时,需符合申请对应相关保险产品操作规则规定。 7. 产生批单的保全项目,若未勾选批单形式的,则默认提供电子形式批单。您可通过绑定官微进行查看。若需纸质批单,请在本申请书中勾选选择。 8. 大都会人寿不提供非保险金融产品。请不要轻信向您推荐的非保险金融产品! +
本人已充分阅读并理解(个人信息处理知情同意书),在此同意大都会人寿处理本人及本人提供的其他自然人(如有)的个人信息以及敏感个人信息,处理本人提供的不满十四周岁的未成年人的个人信息,并将简述个人信息及敏感个人信息部分或全部揭露给第三方。
投保人签名: + +同时填写投保人证件起止日期(如证件无有效期起止,可忽略): +____年____月__日至____年____月__日或☐长期 +务必确保投保人签名为本人签署,如投保人姓名变更此处请按原签名签署。被保险人/未成年人之法定监护人签名: + +同时填写被保险人证件起止日期(如证件无有效期起止,可忽略): +____年____月__日至____年____月__日或☐长期 +务必确保被保险人签名为本人签署,如被保险人姓名变更此处请按原签名签署。签署日期:
授权委托书 +本授权人系本保险单之 ☐ 投保人 ☐ 被保险人 ☐未成年人之法定监护人 ☐投保人的法定继承人,现授权委托________☐女士 ☐先生(身份证号码________, 联系电话:_______,身份证有效期起止日期:____年____月__日至____年____月__日或 ☐长期),前往贵公司办理本保险合同________变更事项,被授权人与授权人与授权人的关系是: ☐代理人 ☐亲属 ☐朋友 ☐其他____, +本授权人声明, 因此授权委托引起的一切纠葛与贵公司无关。 +授权人签名:________ 签名日期:________ 被授权人签名:________ 签名日期:________ +(注:此委托授权书自授权人签名之日起3个工作日内有效,逾期即自动失效。)
+ +本栏位由我公司受理人员填写 + +●申请来源:□客户表至公司 □委托代办 □银行网点 □其它__________ 受理人员签章:_____________ 签章日期:_____________ + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00017.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00017.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bdb67e7e6a557d430f8fb5188067d2337d04327d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00017.md @@ -0,0 +1,118 @@ +## 一般事项 + +技术参数 EOMB0010 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
离合器控制型式液压式
离合器磨擦片
型式干式单片摩擦式
摩擦片尺寸(外径×内径)mm(in)$225\times 155(8.9\times 6.1)$:2.5 TCI
$240\times 155(9.4\times 6.1)$:2.9 TCI
$240\times 155$ $(9.4\times 6.1)$x:3.5 V6
离合器压盘总成
型式膜片弹簧式
负荷 N(ib)5500-6100 (1232-1366) :2.5 TCI
7250(1624) : 2.9TCI, 3.5 V6
工作缸
内径 mm(in)19.05(0.74)
主缸
内径 mm(in)15.81 (0.62)
+ +维修规范 EOMB0020 + + + + + +
项目标准值
离合器摩擦力厚度8.3±0.3mm(0.326±0.0118 in.):2.5 TCI
8.0±0.3mm(0.314±0.0118 in.):2.9 TCI,3.5 V6
离合器踏板高度202mm(7.95 in.)
离合器踏板自由行程6-13 mm(0.24-0.51 in.)
离合器踏板行程155mm(6.10in.)
极限值
摩擦片铆钉深度0.3mm(0.012 in.)
膜片弹簧端部高度之差0.5mm(0.02in.)
工作缸与活塞间间隙0.15mm(0.006 in.)
主缸与活塞间间隙0.15mm(0.006 in.)
+ +打紧扭矩 EOMB0030 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
项目Nmkg.cmIb.ft
离合器踏板托架18-25180-25013-18
主缸装配螺栓7-970-905-6
离合器油管螺母13-17130-1709-12
工作缸装配螺栓30-42300-42021-30
工作缸螺栓20-25200-25014-18
离合器压盘总成15-22150-22011-16
主缸储液罐8-1080-1006-7
点火锁止开关5-750-704-5
离合器踏板至踏板托架25-35250-35018-25
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00018.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00018.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4aebe3b5baa33afea05536daa1b6712ad6479ad2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00018.md @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +## 粗集料含泥量及泥块含量试验原始记录表 + +NO: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
样品编号试验设备
样品名称环境条件温度 ℃ 湿度 %
样品描述试验规程
委托单号试验日期200 年 月 日
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
粗集料含泥量试验
试验次数试验前烘干样品质量(g )试验后烘干样品质量(g )
1
2
粗集料泥块含量试验
试验次数试验前>5mm 的烘干样品质量(g )试验后>2 . 5mm 的烘干样品质量(g )
1
2
备注:
+ +复核/旁站: + +记录: + +试验: + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00019.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00019.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1535813bcf162f570a3cce6b28c16397d05f86c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00019.md @@ -0,0 +1,275 @@ +## 沥青路面压实度试验(水中重法) 原始记录表 + +NO: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
样品编号试验设备
样品名称环境条件温度 ℃ 湿度 %
样品描述试验规程
委托单号试验日期200 年月 日
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
水温(℃)压实度设计值(%)保证率(%)
试件编号取样位置层位试件厚度(mm)试件在空气中质量(g)试件在水中质量(g )标准密度(g/cm$^3$)备注
桩号横距(m)
备注:
+ +复核/旁站: + +记录: + +试验: + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00020.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00020.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..44e87a108200ee1f7bca6b56f1095977c4757379 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00020.md @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +## 水利水电工程 + +表 03 分部工程施工质量评定表(例表) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
单位工程名称泄水闸工程施工单位中国水利水电第xx 工程局
分部工程名称闸室分部(土建)施工日期自x 年x 月x 日至x 年x 月x 日
分部工程量混凝土1529m3评定日期x 年x 月x 日
项次单元工程类别工程量单元工程个数合格个数其中优良个数备注
1岩基开挖856 m$^3$553
2混凝土1529m$^3$10107
3房建140m$^3$664闸房
4混凝土构件安装80t221
5
6
合 计232315优良率
主要单元工程、重要隐蔽工程及关键部位的单元工程150m$^3$111关键部位
单元工程
施工单位自评意见监理单位复核意见
本分部工程的单元工程质量全部合格,优良率为65 . 2 %,主要单元工程、重要隐蔽工程及关键部位单元工程1 项,质量优良。施工中 未 发生过任何 质量事故。原材料质量/,金属结构、启闭机质量/,机电产品质量/。中间产品质量/。
分部工程质量等级:优良
质检部门评定人:xxx
项目经理或经理代表:xxx (盖公章)
X 年x 月x 日
复核意见:同意施工单位自评意见
分部工程质量等级:优良
监理工程师:xxx
X 年x 月x 日总监或总监代表:xxx (盖公章)
x 年x 月x 日
质量监督机构核定核定意见:
核定等级: 核定人: 项目站负责人:
年月 日 年月日
+ +注 分部工程质量在施工单位质检部门自评的基础上,由监理单位复核其质量等级,报质量监督机构核备。大型水利枢纽工程主体建筑物的分部工程质量,在施工单位自评、监理单位复核后,需报质量监督机构核定其质量等级。 + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00021.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00021.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2270a856944ce8f54864ccfdaf8363dabac0d67a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00021.md @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +
大写小写读音大写小写读音大写小写读音大写小写读音
汉语拼音字母
AaHhOoUu
BbIiPpVv
CcJjQqWw
DdKkRrXx
EeLlSsYy
FfMmTtZz
GgNn
拉丁(英文)字母
AaHh欸曲OoUu
BbIi阿哀PpVv维衣
Cc西JjQq克由Ww达不留
DdKkRr阿尔Xx欸克斯
EeLl欸耳Ss欸斯Yy
Ff欸夫Mm欸姆TtZz
GgNn欸恩
希腊字母
Aa阿尔法H$\eta$艾塔NvT$\tau$
Bβ贝塔$\Theta$θ西塔Ξξ克西Tv宇普西隆
Γγ伽马Ii约塔Oo奥密克戎Φφ
Δδ德耳塔Kε卡帕ΠπXχ
Eε艾普西隆$\Lambda$λ兰姆达P$\rho$Ψφ普西
Zξ截塔Mμ米尤Σσ西格马Ωω欧美伽
+ + + + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00022.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00022.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a9789d57e738e403d53bf8e6aec997e2af10acef --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00022.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +## 1-1-2-4 化学元素符号 + +化学元素符号见表1-9。 + +化学元素符号 表1-9 + +
名称符号名称符号名称符号名称符号名称符号名称符号名称符号
HSGaPdPmOsPa
HeClGeAgSmIrU
LiArAsCdEoPtNp
BeKSeInGdAuPu
BCaBrSnTbHgAm
CScKrSbDyTlCm
NTiRbTeHoPbBk
OVSrIErBiCf
FCrYXeTmPoEs
NeMnZrCsYbAtFm
NaFeNbBaLuRnMd
MgCoMoLaHfFrNo
AlNiTcCeTaRaLr
SiCuRuPrWAc
PZnRhNdReTh
+ +## 1-1-2-5 常用构件代号 + +常用构件代号见表1-10。 + +常用构件代号 表1-10 + +
序号名称代号序号名称代号序号名称代号
1B19圈梁QL37承台CT
2屋面板WB20过梁GL38设备基础SJ
3空心板KB21连系梁LL39ZH
4槽形板CB22基础梁JL40挡土墙DQ
5折板ZB23楼梯梁TL41地沟DG
6密肋板MB24框架梁KL42柱间支撑ZC
7楼梯板TB25框支梁KZL43垂直支撑CC
8盖板或沟盖板GB26屋面框架梁WKL44水平支撑SC
9挡雨板或檐口板YB27圈梁LL45托架TJ
10吊车安全走道板DB28薄腹梁BL46雨蓬YP
11墙板QB29托架TJ47阳台YT
12天沟板TGB30天窗架CJ48梁垫LD
13L31框架KJ49预埋件M
14屋面梁WL32刚架GJ50天窗端壁TD
15吊车梁DL33支架ZJ51钢筋网W
16单轨吊车梁DDL34Z52钢筋骨架G
17轨道连接DGL35框架柱KZ53基础J
18车挡CD36构造柱GZ54暗柱AZ
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00023.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00023.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..29e4c7d2ae458d735c8561ddb64be8011ba4881b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00023.md @@ -0,0 +1,266 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
名 称代 号名 称代 号
丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯共聚物ABS聚乙烯醇缩丁醛PVB
丙烯腈—甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物A/MMA聚氯乙烯PVC
丙烯腈—苯乙烯共聚物A/S聚氯乙烯—乙酸乙烯酯PVCA
丙烯腈—苯乙烯—丙烯酸酯共聚物A/S/A氯化聚氯乙烯PVCC
乙酸纤维素CA聚偏二氯乙烯PVDC
乙酸—丁酸纤维素CAB聚偏二氟乙烯PVDF
乙酸—丙酸纤维素CAP聚氟乙烯PVF
甲酚—甲醛树脂CF聚乙烯醇缩甲醛PVFM
羧甲基纤维素CMC聚乙烯基咔唑PVK
聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺PMI聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮PVP
聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯PMMA间苯二酚—甲醛树脂RF
聚甲醛POM增强塑料RP
聚丙烯PP聚硅氧烷SI
氯化聚丙烯PPC脲甲醛树脂UF
聚苯醚PPO不饱和聚酯UP
聚氧化丙烯PPOX氯乙烯—乙烯共聚物VC/E
聚苯硫醚PPS氯乙烯—乙烯—丙烯酸甲酯共聚物VC/E/MA
聚苯砜PPSU氯乙烯—乙烯—乙酸乙烯酯共聚物VC/E/VCA
聚苯乙烯PS氯乙烯—丙烯酸甲酯共聚物VC/MA
聚砜PSU氯乙烯—甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物VC/MMA
聚四氟乙烯PTFE氯乙烯—丙烯酸辛酯共聚物VC/OA
聚氨酯PUR氯乙烯—偏二氯乙烯共聚物VC/VDC
聚乙酸乙烯酯PVAC硝酸纤维素CN
聚乙烯醇PVAL丙酸纤维素CP
中密度聚乙烯MDPE酪素(塑料)CS
三聚氰胺—甲醛树脂MF三乙酸纤维素CTA
三聚氰胺—酚醛树脂MPF乙基纤维素EC
聚酰胺(尼龙)PA乙烯—丙烯酸乙酯E/EA
聚丙烯酸PAA环氧树脂EP
聚丙烯腈PAN乙烯—丙烯共聚物E/P
聚丁烯-1PB乙烯—丙烯—二烯三元共聚物E/P/D
聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯PBTP乙烯—四氟乙烯共聚物E/TFE
聚碳酸酯PC乙烯—乙酸乙烯酯共聚物E/VAC
聚三氟氯乙烯PCTFE乙烯—乙烯醇共聚物E/VAL
聚邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯PDAP全氟(乙烯—丙烯)共聚物FEP
聚间苯二甲酸二烯丙酯PDAIP通用聚苯乙烯GPS
聚乙烯PE玻璃纤维增强塑料GRP
氯化聚乙烯PEC高密度聚乙烯HDPE
聚氧化乙烯PEOX高冲击强度聚苯乙烯HIPS
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯PETP低密度聚乙烯LDPE
酚醛树脂PF甲基纤维素MC
聚酰亚胺PI
聚异丁烯PIB
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00024.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00024.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2b1433ae1271e47f5afe710213c95cd836cb8890 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00024.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + + +
铬钢绿色 + 黄色铬钼钨钒钢铝白色+紫色+黑色
+ + +## 1-1-2-11 钢筋符号 + +钢筋符号见表1-16。 + +钢筋符号 表1-16 + +
种 类符 号种 类符 号
热轧钢筋HPB235(Q235)
HRB335(20MnSi)
HRB400 ( 20MnSiV、20MnSiNb、20MnTi)
RRB400(K20MnSi)
φ
$\Phi$
$\Phi$
$\Phi^R$
预应力钢筋消除应力钢丝光 面螺旋肋 刻痕
$\phi^P$
$\phi^H$
$\phi^I$
预应力钢筋钢绞线$\phi^S$热处理钢筋40Si2Mnn
48Si2Mnn
45 Si2Cr
$\phi^{HT}$
+ +## 1-1-2-12 建材、设备的规格型号表示法 + +建材、设备的规格型号表示法见表1-17。 + +建材、设备的规格型号表示法 表1-17 + +
符 号意 义符 号意 义
一、土建材料e偏心距
L角钢M
槽钢n螺栓孔数目
工字钢C材料强度等级表示法混凝土强度等级
扁钢、钢板M砂紫强度等级
方钢MU砖、石、砌块强度等级
Φ圆形材料直径S钢材强度等级
-英寸T木材强度等级
#β高厚比
@每个、每样相等中距λ长细比
C[ ]容许的
c保护层厚度+(-)受拉(受压)的
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00025.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00025.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b20ef4b3ec4a3056ac186fa43b08e93b9f5e4a61 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00025.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + + +
符号意 义符 号意 义
二、电气材料设备三、给水排水材料设备
AWG美国线规DN公称直径(毫米)
BWG伯明翰线规d管螺纹(英寸)
CWG中国线规$P_g$管线承受压力,如1 . 6N /m ㎡
SWG英国线规AQ输送液体、气体管类型表示法氨气管
DG电线管DQ黑气管
G焊接钢管E二氧化碳管
VG硬塑料管GF鼓风管
B灯具安装方式表示法壁装式H化工管
D吸顶式L凝水管
G管吊式M煤气管
L链吊式QQ氢气管
R嵌入式R热水管
x线吊式RH乳化剂管
BLV导线类型表示法铝芯聚氯乙烯绝缘线S输送液体、气体管类型表示法上水管
BLVV铝芯聚氯乙烯护套线TF通风管
BLX铝芯橡皮线X下水管
BLXF铝芯氯丁橡皮线XF循环水管
BV铜芯聚氯乙烯绝缘线Y油管
BVR铜芯聚氯乙烯绝缘软线Y1乙炔管
BVV铜芯聚氯乙烯护套线
YQ氧气管
BX铜芯橡皮线YS压缩空气管
BXR铜芯橡皮软线z蒸气管
BXF铜芯氯丁橡皮线ZK真空管
HBV铜芯聚氯乙烯通信广播线ZQ沼气管
HPV铜芯聚氯乙烯电话配线B、$B_A$水泵类表示法单级单吸离心水泵
D、$D_A$多级多吸离心水泵
HB单级单吸混流泵
J、$J_A$离心式水泵
S、$S_A$单级双吸离心水泵
+ +## 1-1-2-13 钢铁、阀门、润滑油的产品代号 + +1. 生铁的产品代号表(见表1-18) + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00026.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00026.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..251d6384fed5e52dc89570c3e519939a7bb748e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00026.md @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +生铁的产品代号表 表1-18 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
代 号 组 成牌 头 符 号牌 尾 符 号举 例
由两部分组成:
用汉语拼音字母表示用途类别。
D—顶吹氧气转炉熔炼生铁
J—碱性空气转炉熔炼生铁
P—碱性平炉熔炼生铁
Z—铸造生铁
用阿拉伯数字表示平均含碳量,以千分之几计D10—表示顶吹氧气转炉熔炼生铁,平均含碳量为千分之十;
230—表示铸造生铁,平均含碳量为千分之三十
+ +2. 普通碳素钢的产品代号表(见表1-19) + +普通碳素钢的产品代号表 表1-19 + + +
代号组成牌头符号牌中数字牌中字母符号牌尾符号举例
由四部分组成:
用Q代表屈服点,是“屈”字汉语拼音的首位字母表示屈服点数值,单位为MPa表示质量等级,分为A、B、C、D四级用汉语拼音字母表示钢的脱氧方法
F—沸腾钢
b—半镇静钢
Z—镇静钢
TZ—特殊镇静钢
在牌号组成表示方法中“Z”与“TZ”符号可以省略
Q235—A·F
屈服点为235MPa、质量等级A级、沸腾钢
+ +3. 优质碳素结构钢的产品代号表(见表1-20) + +优质碳素结构钢的产品代号表 表1-20 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
代 号 组 成牌 头 符 号牌 中 符 号牌 尾 符 号举 例
由三部分组成如下:
用阿拉伯数字表示平均含碳量,以万分之几计用化学元素符号Mn 表示含锰量较高,无字母时表示含锰量较低用字母表示优质等级:
A—高级碳素钢
E—特级碳素钢
15MnA—含 锰较高的高级钢,平均含碳量为万分之十五;
40MnE—含锰较高的特级钢,平均含碳量为万分之四十
+ +4. 合金钢的产品代号表(见表1-21) + +合金钢的产品代号表 表1-21 + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00027.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00027.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..daaccf018fe413368bf745ccf5e3fea9b76362ad --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00027.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +
代 号 组 成牌头字母符号牌 头 数 字牌中字母符号牌 中 数 字举 例
由四部分组成如下:
用汉语拼音字母表示钢的用途:U—铆航钢H—焊接用钢M—铸钢M1—铜基钢NS—铝基合金C—纯铜ZG—铸钢用阿拉伯数字表示平均含碳量,以万分之几计用化学元素符号依次表示所含各种合金元素用阿拉伯数字标注在合金元素符号后面,表示该合金元素含量30CrMnSi—铬锰硅合金结构钢,平均含碳量为万分之三十H80CrMnSiA—焊接用优质铬锰硅合金结构钢
+ +5. 阀门的产品代号表(见表1-22) + +阀门的产品代号表 表1-22 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
代号组成类别符号驱动方法符号连接形式和结构形式符号密封圈或衬里材料符号公称压力符号阀体材料符号
由六部分组成如下:
用汉语拼音字母表示类别:A—安全阀 D—蝶阀 G—隔膜阀 H-止回阀 J-截止阀 L-节流阀 Q-球阀 S-疏水阀 T-调节阀 X-旋塞阀 Y-减压阀 Z-闸阀用阿拉伯数字表示驱动方法:3—蜗轮传动 4—正齿轮传动 5-伞齿轮传动 6-气动驱动 7-液压驱动 8-电磁驱动 9-电动机驱动用两位阿拉伯伯数字表示,个位数为各种阀门结构形式(略)。十位数字表示连接形式:1—内螺纹 2—外螺纹 3~5-法兰 6-焊接用汉语拼音字母表示密封圈或衬里材料:B—巴氏合金 D—渗氮钢 H-耐酸钢不锈钢 J-硬橡胶 L-铝合金 NL-尼龙 P-皮革 SA-聚四氟乙烯 SC-聚氯乙烯 SD-酚醛塑料 T-铜 TC-搪瓷 X-橡胶 Y-硬质合金用阿拉伯数字表示公称压力,可直接表示,也可用短横线将它与前面四个单元字分开如下用汉语拼音字母表示阀体材料:B—铅合金 C—碳钢 G-硅铁 J-铬铜钢 K-可锻造钢 L-铝合金钢 P-铬镍钛钢 Q-球墨铸铁 R-铬镍铜钛钢 T-铜合金 V-铬镍钒钢 Z-灰铸铁
+ +6. 润滑油的产品代号表(见表1-23) + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00028.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00028.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..21d066a7596305d75318f1d2c82ccd70c758e0c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00028.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +
代号组成组别符号级别符号牌号尾注举例
由四部分组成如下:用汉语拼音字母表示组别:C—柴油机润滑油D—冷冻机油G—汽缸油J—机械油L—齿轮油Q—汽油机润滑油S—压缩机油T—特种润滑油U—汽轮机油Y—仪表油Z—车轴油用阿拉伯数字表示级别:1—轻级(一般可略去不写)2—中级3—重级4—高速5—低速8—极压用运动粘度平均厘斯托克斯(cSt)的阿拉伯数字表示。特种润滑油用顺序号表示H—合成润滑油D—低凝点润滑油HC-8—8号轻级柴油机润滑油;HC2-16—16号中级柴油机润滑油;HJ-12D—12号低凝点机械油;HY-8H—8号合成仪表油
+ +## 1-1-2-14 常用架空绞线的型号及用途 + +常用架空绞线的型号及用途见表1-24。 + +常用架空绞线的型号及用途 表1-24 + +
型 号 组 成型 号名 称规 格(mm²)用 途
由三部分组成如下:
(1)类别代号以导线区分:
L—铝绞线 T—铜线
(2)特征代号用拼音字母表示:
G—钢芯 J—绞制 J—加强型
Q—轻型 R—柔软型 Y—圆形
(3)尾注:
F—防腐型
1—第一种 2—第二种
LJ裸铝绞线10~600供高低压架空输配电线路用
LGJ钢芯铝绞线10~400供需要提高拉力强度的架空输配电线路用
LGJJ加强型钢芯铝绞线150~400
LGJQ轻型钢芯铝绞线150~700
LGJF防腐型钢芯铝绞线10~400供沿海及有腐蚀性地区需提高拉力强度的架空输配电线路用
LGJFJ防腐加强型钢芯铝绞线150~400
LGJQF防腐轻型钢芯铝绞线150~700
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00029.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00029.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0708fca671a8fd09d68e04d982e600d79d3148fa --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00029.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +
中文意义符号中文意义符号中文意义符号中文意义符号
加、正+小括弧( )余割cosec 或 csc笛卡尔坐标系中矢量 $a$ 的坐标分量$a_x, a_y, a_z$
减、负-中括弧[ ]常数const(无向量场的)梯度grad
$\times$ 或 $\cdot$大括弧{ }数字范围(自…至…)~(向量场的)旋度rot
$\div$阶乘!相等中距@(向量场的)散度div
因为百分比%属于$\in$
小数点.所以极限lim不属于$\notin$
等于=垂直于$\perp$趋于$\to$包含$\ni$
全等于$\equiv$平行于$\parallel$无穷大$\infty$不包含$\not\ni$
不等于$\neq$相似于$\sim$0 和 1$\sum_{i=1}^{n}$成正比$\propto$
约等于$\approx$加或减,正或负$\pm$$\sum$相当于$\triangleq$
小于<减或加,负或正$\mp$函数$f(\ ), \varphi(\ )$按定义$\overset{\mathrm{def}}{=}$
大于>三角形$\Delta$增量$\Delta$上极限$\overline{\lim}$
小或等于$\leqslant$直角$\angle$微分$d$下极限$\underline{\lim}$
大或等于$\geqslant$圆形$\odot$单变量的函数的各级微商$f'(x), f''(x), f'''(x)$上确界sup
远小于$\ll$正方形$\Box$偏微商$\frac{\partial}{\partial x}, \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x^2}, \frac{\partial^3}{\partial x^3}$下确界inf
远大于$\gg$矩形$\square$积分$\int$事件的概率P(+)
最大max平行四边形自下限 $a$ 到上限 $b$ 的宇积分$\int_a^b$概率值$p$
最小min(平面)角$\angle$二重积分$\iint$总体容量$N$
$a$ 的绝对值|a|圆周率$\pi$三重积分$\iiint$样本容量$n$
$x$ 的平方$x^2$弧 AB$\widehat{AB}$虚数单位$i$ 或 $j$总体方差$\sigma^2$
$x$ 的立方$x^3$°$a$ 的实数部分$R(a)$样本方差$s^2$
$x$ 的 $n$ 次方$x^n$[角]分'$a$ 的虚数部分$I(a)$总体标准差$\sigma$
平方根$\sqrt{}$[角]秒"$a$ 的共轭数$\overline{a}$样本标准差$s$
立方根$\sqrt[3]{}$正弦sin矢量$a, b, c$ 或 $\vec{a}, \vec{b}, \vec{c}$序数$i$ 或 $j$
$n$ 次方根$\sqrt[n]{}$余弦cos直角坐标系上的单位矢量$\mathbf{i}, \mathbf{j}, \mathbf{k}$相关系数$r$
以 $b$ 为底的对数$\log_b$正切tan 或 tg矢量的长|a| 或 $a$抽样平均误差$\mu$
常用对数(以 10 为底数的)lg余切cot 或 ctg矢量的标积$\mathbf{a} \cdot \mathbf{b}$ 或 $\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b}$抽样允许误差$\Delta$
自然对数(以 $e$ 为底数的)ln正割sec矢量的矢积$\mathbf{a} \times \mathbf{b}$ 或 $\vec{a} \times \vec{b}$
+ +## 1-1-2-2 法定计量单位符号 + +我国法定计量单位(以下简称法定单位)包括: + +1. 国际单位制(SI)的基本单位(见表1-3) + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00030.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00030.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5cfe76a19adcea68d5159ae694198932bf44dd28 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00030.md @@ -0,0 +1,212 @@ +国际单位制(SI)的基本单位 表1-3 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
量的名称单位名称单位符号
长度m
质量千克(公斤)kg
时间s
电流安[培]A
热力学温度开[尔文]K
物质的量摩[尔]mol
发光强度坎[德拉]cd
+ +注:1. 圆括号中的名称,是它前面的名称的同义词。 + +2. 无方括号的量的名称与单位名称均为全称。方括号中的字,在不致引起混淆、误解的情况下,可以省略。去掉方括号中的字即为其名称的简称。下同。 + +3. 人民生活和贸易中,质量习惯称为重量。 + +2. 国际单位制(SI)的辅助单位(见表1-4) + +国际单位制(SI)的辅助单位 表1-4 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
量的名称单位名称单位符号
平面角弧度rad
立体角球面度sr
+ +3. 国际单位制(SI)中具有专门名称的导出单位(见表1-5) + +国际单位制(SI)中的导出单位 表1-5 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
量的名称单位名称单位符号其他表示式例
频率赫[兹]Hz$\text{s}^{-1}$
力;重力牛[顿]N$\text{kg}\cdot \text{m}/\text{s}^2$
压力;压强;应力帕[斯卡]Pa$\text{N}/\text{m}^2$
能量;功;热焦[耳]J$\text{N}\cdot \text{m}$
功率;辐射通量瓦[特]W$\text{J}/\text{s}$
电荷量库[仑]C$\text{A}\cdot \text{s}$
电位;电压;电动势伏[特]V$\text{W}/\text{A}$
电容法[拉]F$\text{C}/\text{V}$
电阻欧[姆]$\Omega$$\text{V}/\text{A}$
电导西[门子]S$\text{A}/\text{V}$
磁通量韦[伯]Wb$\text{V}\cdot \text{s}$
磁通量密度;磁感应强度特[斯拉]T$\text{Wb}/\text{m}^2$
电感亨[利]H$\text{Wb}/\text{A}$
摄氏温度摄氏度$^\circ\text{C}$
光通量流[明]lm$\text{cd}\cdot \text{sr}$
光照度勒[克斯]lx$\text{lm}/\text{m}^2$
放射性活度贝可[勒尔]Bq$\text{s}^{-1}$
吸收剂量戈[瑞]Gy$\text{J}/\text{kg}$
剂量当量希[沃特]Sv$\text{J}/\text{kg}$
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00031.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00031.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4244b69a82be0a73d6313791e425a54e7df8bf43 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00031.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +
量 的 名 称符 号中文单位名称简 称法定单位符号
一、几何量值
振幅$A$m
面积$A$、$S$、$A_s$平方米米²
$B$、$b$m
直径$D$、$d$m
$d$、$\delta$m
$H$、$h$m
$L$、$l$m
半径$R$、$r$m
行程、距离$S$m
体积$V$、$v$立方米米³
平面角$\alpha$、$\beta$、$\gamma$、$\varphi$弧度弧度rad
旋转率$\theta$(百分比)%
波长$\lambda$每米米⁻¹m⁻¹
波数$\sigma$每米米⁻¹m⁻¹
相角$\varphi$弧度弧度rad
立体角$\omega$、$\Omega$球面度球面度sr
二、时间
线加速度$a$米每二次方秒米/秒²m/s²
频率$f$、$\nu$赫兹Hz
重力加速度$g$米每二次方秒米/秒²m/s²
旋转频率、转速$n$每秒秒⁻¹s⁻¹
质量流量$Q_m$千克每秒千克/秒kg/s
体积流量$Q_v$立方米每秒米³/秒m³/s
周期$T$s
时间$t$s
线速度$v$米每秒米/秒m/s
角加速度$\alpha$弧度每二次方秒弧度/秒²rad/s²
角速度,角频率$\omega$弧度每秒弧度/秒rad/s
三、质量
原子量$A$摩尔mol
冲量$I$牛顿秒牛·秒N·s
惯性矩$I$四次方米米⁴m⁴
惯性半径$i$m
转动惯量$J$千克·二次方米千克·米²kg·m²
动量矩$L$千克二次方米每秒千克·米²/秒kg·m²/s
分子量$M$摩尔mol
质量$m$千克(公斤)千克kg
动量$p$千克米每秒千克·米/秒kg·m/s
截面积(面积矩)$S$三次方米米³
截面惯量$W$三次方米米³
密度$\rho$千克每立方米千克/米³kg/m³
四、力
弹性模量$E$帕斯卡Pa
$F$、$P$、$Q$、$R$、$f$牛顿N
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00032.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00032.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b1c3d982223156c566127c5d3554c1eb52eb8b06 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00032.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +
量 的 名 称符 号中文单位名称简 称法定单位符号
荷重、重力$G$牛顿N
剪变模量$G$帕斯卡Pa
硬度H牛顿每平方米牛/米²N/m²
布氏硬度HB牛顿每平方米牛/米²N/m²
洛氏硬度HR、HRA、HRB、HRC牛顿每平方米牛/米²N/m²
肖氏硬度HS牛顿每平方米牛/米²N/m²
维氏硬度HV牛顿每平方米牛/米²N/m²
弯矩M牛顿米牛·米N·m
压强p帕斯卡Pa
扭矩T牛顿米牛·米N·m
动力粘度η帕斯卡·秒帕·秒Pa·s
摩擦系数μ
运动粘度ν二次方米每秒米²/秒m²/s
正应力σ帕斯卡Pa
极限强度σs帕斯卡Pa
剪应力τ帕斯卡Pa
五、能
A、W焦耳J
E焦耳J
功率P瓦特W
变形能U牛顿米牛·米N·m
比能u焦耳每千克焦耳/千克J/kg
效率η(百分比)%
六、热
热容C焦耳每开尔文焦/开J/K
比热容c焦耳每千克开尔文焦/(千克·开)J/(kg·K)
体积热容Cv焦耳每立方米开尔文焦/(米³·开)J/(m³·K)
H焦耳J
传热系数K瓦特每平方米开尔文瓦/(米²·开)W/(m²·K)
熔解热Lf焦耳每千克焦/千克J/kg
汽化热Lv焦耳每千克焦/千克J/kg
热量Q焦耳J
燃烧值q焦耳每千克焦/千克J/kg
热流(量)密度q、φ瓦特每平方米瓦/米²W/m²
传热阻R平方米开尔文每瓦特米²·开/瓦m²·K/W
S焦耳每开尔文焦/开J/K
热力学温度T开尔文K
摄氏温度t摄氏度
线膨胀系数α每平方米秒米²/秒m²/s
面膨胀系数αA每开尔文开⁻¹K⁻¹
体膨胀系数αV每开尔文开⁻¹K⁻¹
导热系数λ瓦特每米开尔文瓦/(米·开)W/(m·K)
七、光和声
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00033.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00033.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..69fe57fe2fe89e6d451297a0a5ca48db1936a07f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00033.md @@ -0,0 +1,336 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
量的名称符号中文单位名称简称法定单位符号
光速C米每秒米/秒m/s
焦度D屈光度屈光度
光照度E、EV勒克斯lx
光通量Φ、ΦV、F流明lm
焦距fm
曝光量H、HV勒克斯秒勒·秒lx·s
发光强度I、IV坎德拉cd
声强I、J瓦特每平方米瓦/米2W/m2
光效能K流明每瓦特流/瓦lm/W
光亮度L、LV坎德拉每平方米坎/米2cd/m2
响度级LN(phon)
响度N(sone)
折射系数n
辐射通量Φ、Φe、P瓦特W
吸声系数a、as
声强级β贝尔或分贝尔贝或分贝B 或 dB
反射系数r
隔声系数σ贝尔或分贝尔贝或分贝B 或 dB
透射系数τ
八、电和磁
磁感应强度B特斯拉T
电容C法拉F
电位移D库仑每平方米库/米2C/m2
电场强度E牛顿每库仑或伏特每米牛/库或伏/米N/C 或 V/m
电导G西门子西S
磁场强度H安培每米安/米A/m
电流I安培A
电流密度J、δ安培每平方米安/米2A/m2
电感M亨利H
线圈数n、W
电功率P瓦特W
磁矩m安培平方米安·米2A·m2
电量、电荷Q、q库仑C
电阻R欧姆Ω
电势差(电压)U、V伏特V
电势(电位)V、φ伏特V
电抗X欧姆Ω
阻抗Z欧姆Ω
电导率γ、σ西门子每米西/米S/m
电动势ε伏特V
介电常数ε法拉每米法/米F/m
电荷线密度λ库仑每米库/米c/m
磁导率μ亨利每米亨/米H/m
电荷体密度ρ库仑每立方米库/米3C/m3
电阻率ρ欧姆米欧·米Ω·m
电荷面密度σ库仑每平方米库/米2C/m2
磁通量Φm韦伯Wb
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00034.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00034.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..73eea22cdbda0acd838a43ff3759dcab2b7c6d44 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00034.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
单 位牛顿(N)千牛顿(kN)兆牛顿(MN)公斤力(kgf)吨力(tf)
1N10.0010$10^{-6}$0.10200.0001
1kN100010.0010101.97200.1020
1MN100000010001101972101.9720
1kgf9.80660.0098$9.8066\times10^{-6}$10.0010
1tf9806.61369.80660.009810001
1dyn$10^{-5}$$10^{-8}$$10^{-11}$$0.1020\times10^{-5}$$0.1020\times10^{-8}$
1lbf4.44830.0044$4.4483\times10^{-6}$0.45360.0005
1tonf9964.08179.96410.01001016.05731.0161
1US tonf8896.50158.89650.0089907.19400.9072
单 位达因(dyn)磅力(lbf)英吨力(tonf)美吨力(US tonf)
1N1000000.22480.00010.0001
1kN$10^{8}$224.80750.10040.1124
1MN$10^{11}$$0.2248\times10^{6}$100.3605112.4037
1kgf$9.8066\times10^{5}$2.20460.00100.0011
1tf$9.8066\times10^{8}$2204.60010.98421.1023
1dyn1$0.2248\times10^{-5}$$0.1004\times10^{-8}$$0.1124\times10^{-8}$
1lbf$4.4483\times10^{5}$10.00040.0005
1tonf$9.9641\times10^{8}$224011.1200
1US tonf$8.8965\times10^{8}$20000.89291
+ +注:英吨力也可标注为UK tonf。 + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00035.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00035.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..82fc838823f2916ae23ee59994643067bd4cdf42 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00035.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +## 1-2-5-2 压强(帕斯卡,Pa)单位换算 + +1. 大气压强单位换算表(见表1-37) + +大气压强单位换算表 表1-37 + + +
单位帕斯卡(Pa)或牛顿/平方米(N/m²)百帕斯卡(hPa)或牛顿/平方分米(N/dm²)工程大气压(at)或千克力/平方厘米(kgf/cm²)标准大气压(atm)毫米汞柱(mmHg)英寸汞柱(inHg)毫米水柱(mmH₂O)英寸水柱(inH₂O)巴(bar)
1Pa或N/m²10.01001.0197×10⁻⁵0.9869×10⁻⁵0.00750.00030.10200.004010⁻⁵
1hPa或N/dm²10011.0197×10⁻³0.9869×10⁻³0.75030.029510.19720.40150.0010
1at或kgf/cm²9.8066×10⁴980.661410.9678735.557428.959010000393.70080.9807
1atm10.1325×10⁴1013.25031.0332176029.921310332.3117406.78391.0133
1mmHg133.27191.33270.00140.001310.039413.59510.53520.0013
1inHg3385.105733.85110.03450.033425.40001345.316713.59510.0339
1mmH₂O9.80660.09810.00010.00010.07360.002910.03940.0001
1inH₂O249.08802.49090.00250.00241.86830.073625.400010.0025
1bar10000010001.01970.9869750.061529.530010197.1999401.46461
+ +注: 1atm是指在零度时,密度为13.5951g/cm³和重力加速度为980.665cm/s²,高度为760mmHg在海平面上所产生的压力。 +1atm = 13.5951×980.665×76 = 1013250(dyn/cm²)。 + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00036.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00036.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..658cbff522f0216e5924bbe43d61ab4cabea5d89 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00036.md @@ -0,0 +1,150 @@ +2. 应力、强度等单位换算表(见表1-38) + +应力、强度等单位换算表 表1-38 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
单位帕斯卡(Pa)或牛顿/平方米(N/m2兆帕斯卡(MPa)或牛顿/平方毫米(N/mm2千克力/平方厘米(kgf/cm2吨力/平方米(tf/m2磅力/平方英寸(lbf/in2磅力/平方英尺(lbf/ft2英吨力/平方英寸(tonf/in2英吨力/平方英尺(tonf/ft2美吨力/平方英寸(US tonf/in2美吨力/平方英尺(US tonf/ft2
1Pa 或 N/m2110-61.0197 × 10-50.00010.1450 × 10-30.02096.4749 × 10-89.3238 × 10-67.2518 × 10-810.4427 × 10-6
1MPa 或 N/mm21000000110.1972101.9720145.03692.0885 × 1040.06479.32380.072510.4427
1kgf/cm29.8066 × 1040.098111014.22322048.14240.00630.91430.00711.0241
1tf/m29806.61360.00980.100011.4223204.81420.00060.09140.00070.1024
1lbf/in26894.83990.00690.07030.703111440.00040.06430.00050.0720
1lbf/ft247.88080.4788 × 10-40.00050.00490.006910.3100 × 10-50.00040.3472 × 10-50.0005
1tonf/in21.5444 × 10715.4444157.48901574.8905224032256011441.1200161.2800
1tonf/ft21.0725 × 1050.10731.093710.936715.555622400.006910.00781.1200
1US tonf/in21.3790 × 10713.7897140.61521406.152220002880000.8929128.57141144
1US tonf/ft29.5762 × 1040.09580.97659.764913.888920000.00620.89290.00691
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00037.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00037.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6c9084f51e4a831ce7a2e5dc96bca877251e647b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00037.md @@ -0,0 +1,156 @@ +## 1-2-5-3 力矩(弯矩、扭矩、力偶矩、转矩)单位换算 + +力矩单位换算见表1-39。 + +力矩(弯矩、扭矩、力偶矩、转矩)单位换算表 表1-39 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
单 位牛顿·米
(N·m)
牛顿·厘米
(N·cm)
达因·厘米
(dyn·cm)
千克力·厘米
(kgf·cm)
千克力·米
(kgf·m)
吨力·米
(tf·m)
磅力·英寸
(lbf·in)
磅力·英尺
(lbf·ft)
美吨力·英寸
(tonf·in)
美吨力·英尺
(US tonf·ft)
1N·m1100$10^7$10.19720.10200.00018.85070.73760.0003-0.0004
1N·cm0.010011000000.10200.0010$0.197 \times 10^{-6}$$0.0885$0.0074$3.2927 \times 10^{-6}$$3.6878 \times 10^{-6}$
1dyn·cm$10^{-7}$$10^{-5}$1$0.1197 \times 10^{-8}$$0.1197 \times 10^{-8}$$0.1197 \times 10^{-11}$$8.8507 \times 10^{-7}$$7.3756 \times 10^{-8}$$3.2927 \times 10^{-11}$$3.6878 \times 10^{-11}$
1kgf·cm0.09819.8066$9.8066 \times 10^5$10.0100$10^{-5}$0.86800.0723$0.3229 \times 10^{-4}$$0.3616 \times 10^{-4}$
1kgf·m9.8066980.6614$9.8066 \times 10^7$10010.001086.79517.23290.00320.0036
1tf·m9806.6136$9.8066 \times 10^5$$9.8066 \times 10^{10}$10000010001$8.6795 \times 10^4$7232.92523.22903.6165
1lbf·in0.113011.2985$1.299 \times 10^6$1.15210.0115$1.1521 \times 10^{-5}$10.0833$0.3720 \times 10^{-4}$$0.4167 \times 10^{-4}$
1lbf·ft1.3558135.5820$1.3558 \times 10^7$13.82570.13830.00011210.00040.0005
1tonf·ft3037.0375$3.0370 \times 10^3$$3.0370 \times 10^{10}$$3.0969 \times 10^4$309.69490.309726880224011.1200
1US tonf·ft2711.6262$2.7116 \times 10^3$$2.7116 \times 10^{10}$$2.7651 \times 10^4$276.51330.27652400020000.89291
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00038.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00038.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..08b34155da89abb7f1600c506e122564145d942a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00038.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +公制与市制、英美制长度单位换算表 表1-25 + +
单位公制市制英美制

(m)
毫米
(mm)
厘米
(cm)
公里
(km)
市寸市尺市丈市里英寸
(in)
英尺
(ft)

(yd)
英里
(mile)
1m110001000.00103030.30000.002039.37013.28081.09360.0006
1mm0.001010.1000$10^{-6}$0.03000.00300.0003$2\times10^{-4}$0.03940.00330.0011$6.214\times10^{-4}$
1cm0.0100101$10^{-5}$0.30000.03000.0030$2\times10^{-3}$0.39370.03280.0109$6.214\times10^{-3}$
1km10001000000100000130000300030023.9370$\times 10^{4}$3280.83981093.61320.6214
1 市寸0.033333.33333.3333$3.3333\times10^{-5}$10.10000.0100$6.6667\times10^{-3}$1.31230.10940.0365$2.0712\times10^{-5}$
1 市尺0.3333333.333333.33330.00031010.10000.00713.12331.09360.36450.0002
1 市丈3.33333333.3333333.33330.00331001010.067131.233310.93613.64540.0021
1 市里500500000500000.500015000150015011.9685$\times 10^{4}$1640.4167546.80550.3107
1in0.025425.40002.5400$2.5400\times10^{-3}$0.76200.07620.0076$5.0800\times10^{-3}$10.08330.0278$1.5783\times10^{-5}$
1ft0.3048304.800030.48000.00039.14400.91440.09140.0061210.33330.0002
1yd0.9144914.400091.44000.000927.43202.74320.27430.01836310.0006
1mile1609.3440$1.6093\times10^{6}$$1.6093\times10^{5}$1.6093$4.8280\times10^{4}$4828.0320482.80323.218763360528017601
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00039.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00039.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e7ccbc5118c5b4f1c9666993b73d3d627f797e8b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00039.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +公制与日制、俄制面积单位换算表 表1-28 + + + + +
单位公 制日 制俄 制
平方米 (m²)公窗 (a)公顷 (ha, hm²)平方公里 (km²)平方日尺日坪日亩平方日里平方俄尺平方俄丈俄 顷平方俄里
1m²10.01000.000110-610.89000.30250.01010.6484×10-710.76390.21970.00010.8787×10-6
1a10010.01000.0001108930.25001.00830.6484×10-51076.391021.96720.00920.8787×10-4
1ha1000010010.01001089003025100.83330.00061.0764×1052196.71640.91530.0088
1km²10000001000010011.0890×10730250010083.33330.06481.0764×1072.1967×10591.52990.8787
1平方日尺0.09180.00090.9183×10-50.9183×10-710.02780.00090.5954×10-80.98850.02020.8406×10-50.8069×10-7
1日坪3.30580.03310.00033.3058×10-63610.03330.2143×10-635.58600.72620.00030.2905×10-5
1日亩99.17360.99170.00990.000110803010.6430×10-51067.580221.78740.00910.8715×10-4
1平方日里1.5423×1071.5423×1051542.347115.42351.6796×108466560015552011.6603×1083.5884×1061411.820313.5535
1平方俄尺0.09290.00090.9290×10-50.9290×10-71.01160.02810.00090.6023×10-810.02040.8503×10-50.8163×10-7
1平方俄丈4.55220.04550.00050.4552×10-649.57001.37690.04590.2951×10-64910.00040.4000×10-5
1俄顷1.0925×104109.25401.09250.01091.1897×1053304.6699110.15570.0007117600240010.0096
1平方俄里1.1381×1061.1381×104113.80621.13811.2393×1073.4424×1051.1475×1040.07381.2250×107250000104.16671
+ +3. 一些国家地积单位换算表(见表1-29) + +一些国家面积单位换算表 表1-29 + +
单   位公 顷
(ha, hm²)
市 亩町 步
(朝鲜)
霍尔特
(匈牙利)
狄卡儿
(保加利亚)
杜努姆
(伊拉克)
费 丹
(阿曼)
摩 根
(南非)
卡瓦耶里亚
(古巴)
1ha (hm²)1151.01011.75441042.38101.25000.0745
1 町步0.966710.06730.11700.66670.26670.15870.08330.0050
1 町步0.990014.850011.79689.90003.96002.33711.22750.0738
1 霍尔特0.57008.55000.575815.70002.28001.35710.71250.0425
1 狄卡儿0.10001.50000.10100.175410.40000.23810.12500.0075
1 杜努姆0.25003.75000.25250.43862.500010.59520.31250.0186
1 费丹0.42006.30000.42420.73684.20001.680010.52500.0313
1 摩根0.8000120.80811.403583.20001.904810.0596
1 卡瓦耶里亚13.4180201.270013.553523.5404134.180053.672031.947616.77251
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00040.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00040.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..da80ad2b0aa21787f4bb2f7f9c1c132ee05b96d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00040.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +
单位公 制市 制英 美 制
立方米
(m³)
立方厘米
(cm³)

(L)
立方市寸
(in)
立方市尺
(ft)
市斗
(bbl)
市石
(lbs)
立方英寸
(in³)
立方英尺
(ft³)
立方码
(yd³)
加仑
(英液量)
(gal)
加仑
(美液量)
(gal)
蒲式耳
(bu)
1m³1100000010002700027100106.1024×10⁴35.31461.3079220.0846264.171927.5106
1cm³10⁻⁶10.00100.02700.2700×10⁻⁴0.000110⁻⁵0.06100.3531×10⁻⁴0.1308×10⁻⁵0.2201×10⁻³0.2642×10⁻³0.2751×10⁻⁴
1L0.001010001270.02700.10000.010061.02370.03530.00130.22010.26420.0275
1立方市寸0.3704×10⁻⁴37.03700.037010.00100.00370.00042.26010.00130.4844×10⁻⁴0.00820.00980.0010
1立方市尺0.03703.7037×10⁴37.0370100013.70370.37042260.13871.30800.04848.15139.78421.0189
1市斗0.010010000102700.270010.1000610.23740.35310.01312.20082.64170.2751
1市石0.100010000010027002.70001016102.37453.53150.130822.008526.41722.7511
1m³1.6387×10⁻⁵16.38710.01640.44240.00040.00160.000210.00062.1433×10⁻⁵0.00360.00430.0005
1ft³0.02832.8317×10⁴28.3168764.55490.76462.83170.2832172810.03706.23217.48050.7790
1yd³0.76467.6455×10³764.55492.0643×10⁴20.643076.45557.645546656271168.2668201.974021.0333
1gal (英)0.00454543.70684.5437122.68010.12270.45440.0454277.27400.16050.005911.20030.1250
1gal (美)0.00383785.47603.7855102.20790.10220.37850.03792310.13370.00500.833110.1041
1bu0.03633.6350×10³36.3497981.44070.98143.63500.36352218.19201.28370.047589.60261
+ +2. 公制与日制、俄制体积和容积单位换算表(见表1-31) + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00041.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00041.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..68fa050e74b70487e64a3837962ab6bb15a0baab --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00041.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +
单位公 制市 制英 美 制
公斤
(kg)

(g)

(t)
市两市斤市担盎司
(oz)

(lb)
英(长)吨
(ton)
美(短)吨
(US ton)
1kg110000.00102020.020035.27402.20460.00100.0011
1g0.0010110-60.02000.00200.2000×10-40.03530.00220.9842×10-61.1023×10-6
1t100010000001200002000203.5274×1042204.62440.98421.1023
1市两0.0500500.5000×10-410.10000.00101.76370.11020.4921×10-40.5512×10-4
1市斤0.50005000.00051010.010017.63701.10230.00050.0006
1市担50500000.0500100010011763.6995110.23120.04920.0551
1oz0.028328.34950.2835×10-40.56700.05670.000610.06250.2790×10-40.3125×10-4
1lb0.4536453.59200.00059.07180.90720.00911610.00040.0005
1ton1016.04611.0160×1061.01602.0321×1042032.092220.320935840224011.1200
1US ton907.18409071840.90721.8144×1041814.368018.14373200020000.89291
+ +2. 单位长度的重量换算表(见表1-33) + +单位长度的重量换算表 表1-33 + + + +
单位公斤/米 (kg/m)克/厘米 (g/cm)市两/市寸市斤/市尺盘司/英寸 (oz/in)磅/英尺 (lb/ft)磅/码 (lb/yd)日勾/寸日斤/日尺俄磅/俄寸普特/俄尺
1kg/m1100.66670.66670.89600.67202.01598.08080.50510.06200.0186
1g/cm0.100010.06670.06670.08960.06720.20160.80810.05050.00620.0019
1市两/市寸1.500015111.34391.00803.023912.12120.75760.09300.0279
1市斤/市尺1.500015111.34391.00803.023912.12120.75760.09300.0279
1oz/in1.116111.16120.74410.744110.75002.25009.01980.56320.06930.0208
1lb/ft1.488214.88160.99210.99211.33331312.02650.75160.09230.0277
1lh/yd0.49614.96050.33070.33070.44440.333314.00880.25050.03080.0092
1日勾/寸0.12381.23750.08250.08250.11090.08320.249510.0625 10.00770.0023
1日斤/日尺1.980019.80001.32001.32001.77541.33043.99131610.12270.0368
1俄磅/俄寸16.1226161.226010.748410.748414.440410.830332.4910130.38678.149210.3000
1普特/俄尺53.7420537.419635.828035.828048.150536.1011108.3032434.622427.16393.33331
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00042.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00042.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ab9d74251c9f5123644f03b73f7f0ee6e1b2de90 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00042.md @@ -0,0 +1,354 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
$\frac {h_{x}}{2a}或\frac {h_{x}}{2b}$系数$K_{a}$或$K_{b}$$\frac {h_{x}}{2a}或\frac {h_{x}}{2b}$系数$K_{a}$或$K_{b}$$\frac {h_{x}}{2a}或\frac {h_{y}}{2b}$系数$K_{a}$或$K_{b}$$\frac {h_{x}}{2a}或\frac {h_{y}}{2b}$系数$K_{a}$或$K_{b}$$\frac {h_{x}}{2a}或\frac {h_{y}}{2b}$系数$K_{a}$或$K_{b}$
0.0501.00660.0801.01680.1101.03140.1401.05000.1701.0724
0.0511.00690.0811.01720.1111.03200.1411.05070.1711.0733
0.0521.00720.0821.01770.1121.03250.1421.05140.1721.0741
0.0531.00740.0831.01810.1131.03310.1431.05210.1731.0749
0.0541.00770.0841.01850.1141.03370.1441.05280.1741.0757
0.0551.00800.0851.01890.1151.03420.1451.05350.1751.0765
0.0561.00830.0861.01940.1161.03480.1461.05420.1761.0773
0.0571.00860.0871.01980.1171.03540.1471.05500.1771.0782
0.0581.00890.0881.02030.1181.03600.1481.05570.1781.0790
0.0591.00920.0891.02070.1191.03660.1491.05640.1791.0798
0.0601.00950.0901.02120.1201.03720.1501.05710.1801.0807
0.0611.00980.0911.02170.1211.03780.1511.05780.1811.0815
0.0621.01020.0921.02210.1221.03840.1521.05860.1821.0824
0.0631.01050.0931.02260.1231.03900.1531.05930.1831.0832
0.0641.01080.0941.02310.1241.03960.1541.06010.1841.0841
0.0651.01120.0951.02360.1251.04020.1551.06080.1851.0849
0.0661.01150.0961.02410.1261.04080.1561.06160.1861.0858
0.0671.01180.0971.02460.1271.04150.1571.06230.1871.0867
0.0681.01220.0981.02510.1281.04210.1581.06310.1881.0875
0.0691.01260.0991.02560.1291.04280.1591.06380.1891.0884
0.0701.01290.1001.02610.1301.04340.1601.06460.1901.0893
0.0711.01330.1011.02660.1311.04400.1611.06540.1911.0902
0.0721.01370.1021.02710.1321.04470.1621.06610.1921.0910
0.0731.01400.1031.02760.1331.04530.1631.06690.1931.0919
0.0741.01440.1041.02810.1341.04600.1641.06770.1941.0928
0.0751.01480.1051.02870.1351.04670.1651.06850.1951.0937
0.0761.01520.1061.02920.1361.04730.1661.06930.1961.0946
0.0771.01560.1071.02970.1371.04800.1671.07000.1971.0955
0.0781.01600.1081.03030.1381.04870.1681.07080.1981.0964
0.0791.01640.1091.03080.1391.04940.1691.07160.1991.0973
+ +查表说明 + +[例] 已知2a=24.0m, 2b=16.0m, $h_{x}=3.0m$, $h_{y}=2.8m$,试求椭圆抛物面扁壳表面积A。 + +先求出$h_{x}/2a=3.0/24.0=0.125$ + +$h_{y}/2b=2.8/16.0=0.175$ + +分别查得系数$K_a$为1.0402和系数$K_b$为1.0765,则扁壳表面积 +$A=24.0\times1.0402\times16.0\times1.0765=429.99m^2$ + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00043.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00043.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fa9ac08dd8168c67ec793fe564b29728ce129b0b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00043.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +
长方形$a$ ——短边
$b$ ——长边
$d$ ——对角线
$A=a\cdot b$
$d=\sqrt{a^2+b^2}$
在对角线交点上
三角形$h$ ——高
$l$ ——周长
$a、b、c$ ——对应角 $A、B、C$ 的边长
$A=\frac{Ah}{2}=\frac{1}{2}ab\sin C$
$l=\frac{a+b+c}{2}$
$GD=\frac{1}{3}BD$
$CD=DA$
平行四边形$a、b$ ——邻边
$h$ ——对应边的距离
$A=b\cdot h=a\cdot b\sin\alpha$
$=\frac{AC\cdot BD}{2}\sin\beta$
在对角线交点上。
梯形$CE=AB$
$AF=CD$
$a=CD$(上底边)
$b=AB$(下底边)
$h$ ——高
$A=\frac{a+b}{2}\cdot h$$HG=\frac{h}{3}\cdot\frac{a+2b}{a+b}$
$KG=\frac{h}{3}\cdot\frac{2a+b}{a+b}$
圆形$r$ ——半径
$d$ ——直径
$p$ ——圆周长
$A=\pi r^2=\frac{1}{4}\pi d^2$
$=0.7854d^2=0.07958p^2$
$p=\pi d$
在圆心上
椭圆形$a、b$ ——主轴$A=\frac{\pi}{4}a\cdot b$在主轴交点 $G$ 上
扇形$r$ ——半径
$s$ ——弧长
$\alpha$ ——弧 $s$ 的对应中心角
$A=\frac{1}{2}r\cdot s=\frac{\alpha}{360}\pi r^2$
$s=\frac{\alpha\pi r}{180}$
$GO=\frac{2}{3}\cdot\frac{r\alpha}{s}$
当 $\alpha=90^\circ$ 时
$GO=\frac{4}{3}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\pi}r\approx0.6r$
弓形$r$ ——半径
$r$ ——弧长
$\alpha$ ——中心角
$b$ ——弦长
$h$ ——高
$A=\frac{1}{2}r^2\left(\frac{\alpha\pi}{180}-\sin\alpha\right)$
$=\frac{1}{4}\left[r\cdot(r-b)+bh\right]$
$s=r\cdot\alpha\cdot\frac{\pi}{180}=0.0175r\cdot\alpha$
$h=r-\sqrt{r^2-\frac{1}{4}a^2}$
$GO=\frac{1}{12}\cdot\frac{b^2}{A}$
当 $\alpha=180^\circ$ 时
$GO=\frac{4r}{3\pi}=0.424r$
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00044.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00044.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f8f73e10138821c255446df6d99efdf09dc165fc --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00044.md @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
图 形尺寸符号面 积(A)重 心(G)
圆环R——外半径r——内半径D——外直径d——内直径t——环宽$D_m$——平均直径$$ A = \pi (R^2 - r^2) = \frac{\pi}{4} (D^2 - d^2) = \pi \cdot D_{90} $$在圆心O
部分圆环R——外半径r——内半径D——外直径d——内直径$R_n$——圆环平均半径t——环宽$$ \begin{aligned}A&=\frac{g\pi}{360}\left(R^{2}-r^{2}\right)\\&=\frac{g\pi}{180}R_{m}\cdot t\end{aligned} $$$$ \begin{aligned}GO=38.2\frac{R^{3}-r^{3}}{R^{2}-r^{2}}\\ \times\frac{\sin\frac{\alpha}{2}}{\frac{\alpha}{2}}\end{aligned} $$
新月形OO₁=L——圆心间的距离d——直径$$ \begin{aligned}&A=r^{2}\Big(\pi-\frac{\pi}{180}\alpha+\sin\alpha\Big)\\ &\quad=r^{2},P\\ &P=\pi-\frac{\pi}{180}\alpha+\sin\alpha\\ &P 值见下表 \\ \end{aligned} $$$$ O_{1}G=\frac{\left(\pi-P\right)\cdot L}{2P} $$
L$\frac{d}{10}$$\frac{2d}{10}$$\frac{3d}{10}$$\frac{4d}{10}$$\frac{5d}{10}$$\frac{6d}{10}$$\frac{7d}{10}$$\frac{8d}{10}$$\frac{9d}{10}$
P0.400.791.181.561.912.252.552.813.02
抛物线形b——底边h——高l——曲线长S——△ABC的面积$$ \begin{aligned}l&=\sqrt{b^{2}+1\cdot3333h^{2}}\\A&=\frac{2}{3}b\cdot h\\&=\frac{4}{3}\cdot S\end{aligned} $$
等边多边形a——边长K——系数,i指多边形的边数R——外接圆半径$P_i$——系数,$i$指正多边形的边数A₁=K₁·a²=P₁·R²正三边形K₃=0.433,P₃=1.299正四边形K₄=1.000,P₄=2.000正五边形K₅=1.720,P₅=2.375正六边形K₆=2.598,P₆=2.598正七边形K₇=3.634,P₇=2.736正八边形K₈=4.828,P₈=2.828正九边形K₉=6.182,P₉=2.893正十边形K₁₀=7.694,P₁₀=2.939正十一边形K₁₁=9.364,P₁₁=2.973正十二边形K₁₂=11.196,P₁₂=3.000 在内接圆心或外接圆心处
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00045.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00045.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2d6deef8aa5489a790a544c1f7426bb7ef8be1d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00045.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + +
图 形尺寸 符号体积(V)底面积(A)表面积(S)侧表面积(S₁)重 心(G)
立 方 体
$a$—棱
$d$—对角线
$S$—表面积
$S_1$—侧表面积
$V=a^3$
$S=6a^2$
$S_1=4a^2$
在对角线交点上
长方体(棱柱)
$a、b、h$—边长
$O$—底面对角线交点
$V=a·b·h$
$S=2(a·b+a·h+b·h)$
$S_1=2h(a+b)$
$d=\sqrt{a^2+b^2+h^2}$
$GO=\frac{h}{2}$
三棱柱
$a、b、c$—边长
$h$—高
$A$—底面积
$O$—底面中线的交点
$V=A·h$
$S=(a+b+c)·h+2A$
$S_1=(a+b+c)·h$
$GO=\frac{h}{2}$
棱锥
$f$—一个组合三角形的面积
$n$—组合三角形的个数
$O$—锥底各对角线交点
$V=\frac{1}{3}A·h$
$S=n·f+A$
$S_1=n·f$
$GO=\frac{h}{4}$
棱台
$A_1、A_2$—两平行底面的面积
$h$—底面间的距离
$a$—一个组合梯形的面积
$n$—组合梯形数
$V=\frac{1}{3}h(A_1+A_2+\sqrt{A_1A_2})$
$S=an+A_1+A_2$
$S_1=an$
$GO=\frac{h}{4}$
$\times \frac{A_1+2\sqrt{A_1A_2}+3A_2}{A_1+\sqrt{A_1A_2}+A_2}$
圆柱和空心圆柱(管)
$R$—外半径
$r$—内半径
$t$—柱壁厚度
$P$—平均半径
$S_1$—内外侧面积
圆柱:
$V=\pi R^2·h$
$S=2\pi Rh+2\pi R^2$
$S_1=2\pi Rh$
空心圆柱:
$V=\pi h(R^2-r^2)$
$=2\pi Pth$
$S=2\pi(R+r)h+2\pi$
$\times(R^2-r^2)$
$S_1=2\pi(R+r)h$
$GO=\frac{h}{2}$
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00046.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00046.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..72479ce0e7f7147f11863f49b806e09def119a2c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00046.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + +
图形尺寸符号体积(V)底面积(A)表面积(S)侧表面积(S1)重心(G)
斜截圆柱
$h_1$—最小高度
$h_2$—最大高度
$r$—底面半径
$V = \pi r^2 \cdot \frac{h_1 + h_2}{2}$
$S = \pi r\left(h_1 + h_2\right) + \pi r^2 \times \left(1 + \frac{1}{\cos \alpha}\right)$
$S_1 = \pi r\left(h_1 + h_2\right)$
$GO = \frac{h_1 + h_2}{4} + \frac{r^2 \tan^2 \alpha}{4\left(h_1 + h_2\right)}$
$OK = \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{r^2}{h_1 + h_2} \cdot \tan \alpha$
直圆锥
$r$—底面半径
$h$—高
$l$—母线长
$V = \frac{1}{3} \pi r^2 h$
$S_1 = \pi r \sqrt{r^2 + h^2} = \pi r l$
$S = S_1 + \pi r^2$
$GO = \frac{h}{4}$
圆台
$R, r$—底面半径
$h$—高
$l$—母线
$V = \frac{\pi h}{3} (R^2 + r^2 + Rr)$
$S_1 = \pi l (R + r)$
$l = \sqrt{(R - r)^2 + h^2}$
$S = S_1 + \pi (R^2 + r^2)$
$GO = \frac{h}{4} \times \frac{R^2 + 2Rr + 3r^2}{R^2 + Rr + r^2}$

$r$—半径
$d$—直径
$V = \frac{4}{3} \pi r^3$
$= \frac{\pi d^3}{6} = 0.5236d^3$
$S = 4\pi r^2 = \pi d^2$
在球心上
球形弓形(球冠)
$r$—球半径
$d$—弓形底面直径
$h$—弓形高
$V = \frac{2}{3} \pi r^2 h = 0.0944r^2 h$
$S = \frac{\pi C}{2} (4h + d)$
$= 1.57r (4h + d)$
$GO = \frac{3}{4} \left(r - \frac{h}{2}\right)$
球缺
$h$—球缺的高
$r$—球缺半径
$d$—平切面直径
$S_{\text{曲}}$—曲面面积
$S$—球缺表面积
$V = \pi h^2 \left(r - \frac{h}{3}\right)$
$S_{\text{曲}} = 2\pi rh = \pi \left(\frac{d^2}{4} + h^2\right)$
$S = \pi h (4r - h)$
$d^2 = 4h (2r - h)$
$GO = \frac{3}{4} \cdot \frac{(2r - h)}{5r - h}$
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00047.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00047.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f194224a1e50fcd75bfa5b1a0c2108dea1013414 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00047.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + +
图 形尺寸符号体积(V)表面积(S)侧表面积(S₁)重心(G)
圆环体
R——圆环体平均半径
D——圆环体平均直径
d——圆环体截面直径
r——圆环体截面半径
$V=2\pi^2R\cdot r^2$
$=\frac{1}{4}\pi^2Dd^2$
$S=4\pi^2Rr$
$=\pi^2Dd=39.478Rr$
在环中心上
球带体
r₁、r₂——球半径
h——底面半径
h₁——高
h₁——球心O至带底圆心O₁的距离
$V=\frac{\pi h}{6}(3r_1^2+3r_2^2+h^2)$
$S_1=2\pi Rh$
$S=2\pi Rh+\pi(r_1^2+r_2^2)$
$GO=h_1+\frac{h}{2}$
椭圆形
D——中间断面直径
d——底直径
l——椭高
对于抛物线形桶板:
$V=\frac{\pi l}{15} \times (2D^2 + Dd + \frac{4}{3}d^2)$
对于圆形桶板:
$V=\frac{1}{12}\pi l(2D^2+d^2)$
在轴交点上
椭球体
a、b、c——半轴$V=\frac{4}{3}\pi abc$
$S=2\sqrt{2}\cdot b\cdot\sqrt{a^2+b^2}$
在轴交点上
交叉圆柱体
r——圆柱半径
l₁、l——圆柱长
$V=\pi r^2\left(l+l_1-\frac{2r}{3}\right)$在二轴线交点上
梯形体
a、b——下底边长
a₁、b₁——上底边长
h——上、下底边距离(高)
$V=\frac{h}{6}[(2a+a_1)b+(2a_1+a)b_1]$
$=\frac{h}{6}[ab+(a+a_1)(b+b_1)+a_1b_1]$
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00048.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00048.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a787227a92ea248db7a823d802b4e92e2fb8f41d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00048.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +## 1-3-3 物料堆体积计算 + +物料堆体积计算见表1-75。 + +物料堆体积计算 表1-75 + +
图 形计 算 公 式
$V = \left[ ab - \frac{H}{\tan\alpha} \left( a + b - \frac{4H}{3\tan\alpha} \right) \right] \times H$
$a$——物料自然堆积角
$a = \frac{2H}{\tan\alpha}$
$V = \frac{aH}{6} (3b - a)$
$V_0 \text{(延米体积)} = \frac{H^2}{\tan\alpha} + bH - \frac{b^2}{4}\tan\alpha$
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00049.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00049.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cdc2617cb89b27b87439355eca1a6d9a218144c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00049.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +## 1-5-2 地质年代表 + +地质年代见表1-94。 + +地质年代表 表1-94 + + + +
年 代 单 位年代 符号各纪年数 (百万年)距今年数 (百万年)主 要 现 象
新生代 (哺乳类动物时代)第四纪全新世$Q_k$10.025
更新世$Q_p$1冰川广布,黄土生成
晚第三纪上新世$N_2$6212西部造山运动,东部低平,湖泊广布
中新世$N_1$
早第三纪渐新世$E_3$26哺乳类分化
始新世$E_2$38虚果繁盛,哺乳类急速发展
古新世$E_1$58(我国尚无古新世地层发现)
中生代 (爬行动物时代)白垩纪K43127造山作用强烈,火成岩活动矿产生成
侏罗纪J45152恐龙极盛,中国南山俱成,大陆煤田生成
三叠纪T36182中国南部最后一次海侵,恐龙哺乳类发育
上古生代 (两栖动物与造煤 植物时代)二叠纪P38203世界冰川广布,新疆最大海侵,造山作用强烈
石炭纪C52255气候温热,煤田生成,爬行类昆虫发生,地形低平,珊瑚礁发育
中古生代 (鱼类时代)泥盆纪D36313森林发育,腕足类鱼类极盛,两栖类发育
志留纪S50350珊瑚礁发育,气候局部干燥,造山运动强烈
下古生代 (无脊椎动物时代)奥陶纪O34430地势低平,海水广布,无脊椎动物极繁,末期华北上升
寒武纪C88510浅海广布,生物开始大量发展
隐生代上元古代震旦纪$S_D$地形不平,冰川广布,晚期海侵加广
下元古代前震旦纪滹 沱沉积深厚造山变质强烈,火成岩活动矿产生成
太古代五 台早期基性喷发,继以造山作用,变质强烈,花岗岩侵入
泰 山1980(最古矿物)约3350
地壳局部变动,大陆开始形成
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00050.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00050.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cc87a0297b905584492b9d2f60ffc142aebd1252 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00050.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +
烈度加速度(cm/s²)地震系数房 屋结 构 物地 表 现 象其 他 现 象
6 度5.1~10.0$\frac{1}{200}$~$\frac{1}{100}$I 类房屋许多损坏,少数破坏(通常为坍落、墙可摇摆)
Ⅱ、Ⅲ类房屋多数轻微损坏,Ⅱ类房屋少数损坏
砖、石砌的塔和院墙轻微损坏,个别情况下,道路上混凝土或新铺土中可能有裂缝特殊情况下,微湿、疏松的土里有细小裂缝
个别情况下,山区有很少的大滑坡;土石散落的陷穴
很多人从室内跑出;行动不稳,紧靠墙中跑出;器皿中液体剧烈动荡,有时溅出
屋上的书籍和烟斗等有时倾倒或坠落。轻的家具可能移位
7 度10.1~25.0$\frac{1}{100}$~$\frac{1}{40}$I 类房屋大多数损坏,许多破损,少数倒塌
Ⅱ类房屋大多数轻微损坏,少数损坏
Ⅲ类房屋许多轻微损坏,由于数量很多(可能有破坏的)
不是很坚固的院墙少数破坏,可能有些倒塌,较坚固的院墙坏
不是很坚固的城墙很多地方损坏,有些地方破坏,女儿墙少块倒塌,较坚固的城墙有些破坏
砖石砌的塔和工厂烟囱可能个别倒塌
砖石砌纪念碑很轻易损坏,由于震土崩塌,土窑洞的洞口遭到破坏
个别情况下,道路上有小裂缝
路基陡坡和新筑道路、土堤的新坡上偶有塌方
干土时有时产生细小裂缝,需成较多的土中裂隙较多,较大;少数情况下冒出含泥沙的水
个别情况下,陡坎倒塌,山区中有些不大的滑坡和土石散落;土崖松散的地区,可能发生崩塌;水库的流速和地下水流可能发生变化
人从室内仓惶逃出
现破坏汽车的人能感觉舒适
挂物强烈摇晃,有时损环
墙上的家饰移动,书籍、器皿和用具附落
8 度25.1~50.0$\frac{1}{40}$~$\frac{1}{20}$I 类房屋大多数损坏,许多倒塌
Ⅱ类房屋许多破坏,少数倒塌
Ⅲ类房屋大多数破坏,少数破坏(可能有倾倒的)
不很坚固的院墙大部倒塌,有些地方崩塌,女儿墙许多倒塌,较坚固的城墙有些破坏,砖、石砌墙少数倒塌
个别情况下,厂或车间遭受破坏,甚至崩塌
不很稳定的碑石和纪念物移动或倒塌,较稳定的碑石和纪念物很难损坏,有些翻倒
路基和路堑的陡壁上有大的滑坡
个别情况下,地下管道接头处遭受破坏
地下裂缝宽达几厘米,土壤疏松的山坡和潮湿的河滩上,裂缝宽度可达10cm以上,在地下水位较高的地区里,常有夹泥沙的水从裂缝和洞口喷出
在岩石破碎、土质疏松的地区里,常发生很大的土石散落、滑坡和山崩,有时河流受阻,形成新的水塘
有时井水干涸或发生新泉
人很难站得住
由于房屋破坏,人常有伤亡
家具移动,并有部分翻倒
9 度50.1~100.0$\frac{1}{20}$~$\frac{1}{10}$I 类房屋大多数倒塌
Ⅱ类房屋许多倒塌
Ⅲ类房屋许多损坏,少数倒塌
不很坚固的院墙大部分倒塌,局部倒塌
较坚固的城墙很多地方破坏,女儿墙几乎全倒
砖、石砌的塔和工厂烟囱很多破坏,甚至倒闭
铁路边的碑石和纪念物很多倒塌
道路上有裂缝,有时路基破坏,个别情况下铁轨稍显弯曲
有些地方地下管道破裂或损伤
地上裂缝很多,宽达10cm,斜坡上或河岸边疏松的堆积层中,有时随地震,常常可见几十厘米的延长段
很多滑坡和土石散落,山崩
常有井泉水干涸或新泉产生
家具倾倒并损坏
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00051.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00051.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0351ef4523673d7fba6939a8da03358fe3e771bf --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00051.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +## 1-5-1-3 我国主要城市气象参数 + +我国主要城市气象参数见表1-91。 + +我国主要城市气象参数 表1-91 + + + + + + + +
地名海拔(m)大气压力
$\mathrm {hPa}$ (mbar)
室外计算相对湿度(%)室外风速(m/s)年平均温度(℃)日平均温度$\leq +5^{\circ }C$的
起止日期(月、日)
极端最低温度(℃)极端最高温度(℃)最大冻土深度(cm)
冬季夏季最冷月月平均最热月月平均冬季平均夏季平均
北京31.21020.4998.645782.81.911.411.9-3.17-27.440.685
天津3.31004.81004.853783.12.612.211.16-3.17-22.939.769
承德375.2962.8962.846721.41.18.911.2-3.28-23.341.5126
张家口723.9924.4924.443673.62.47.810.28~3.31-25.740.9136
唐山25.91002.21002.252792.62.311.111.8~3.24-21.939.673
石家庄80.5995.6995.652751.81.512.911.17-3.13-26.542.754
大同1066.7888.6888.650663.03.46.510.23-4.5-29.137.7186
太原777.9919.2919.251722.62.19.511.2-3.25-25.539.477
运城376.0962.8962.857602.63.413.611.2-3.4-18.942.743
海拉尔612.8935.5935.578712.63.2-2.110.1-5.1-48.536.7242
锡林浩特989.5895.6895.671623.43.21.710.9-4.16-42.438.3289
二连浩特964.7898.1898.166493.93.93.410.11~1.12-40.239.9337
赤峰571.1940.9940.944652.42.16.810.27~4.4-31.442.5201
呼和浩特1063.0889.4889.456641.61.55.810.20-4.8-32.837.3143
沈阳41.61020.81000.764783.12.97.8$11.3-4.3$-30.638.3148
锦州65.9117.6997.450803.93.89.011.5-3.31-24.741.8113
丹东15.11023.71005.358563.82.58.511.6-4.5-28.034.388
大连92.81013.8994.758835.84.310.211.18-3.29-21.135.393
吉林183.41001.3984.772793.02.54.410.20,-4.12-40.236.6190
长春236.8994.0977.068784.23.54.910.22~4.13-36.538.0169
四平164.21004.1986.368783.12.95.910.27-4.6-34.636.6148
延古176.81000.3986.560802.92.35.010.22-4.13-32.737.6200
通化402.9974.5960.772801.31.74.910.22-4.12-36.635.5133
爱辉165.81000.3985.872793.63.2-0.410.5-4.21-44.537.7298
伊春231.3992.0978.675782.12.20.410.6-4.20-43.135.1290
齐齐哈尔145.91004.6987.771732.83.23.210.14-4.17-39.540.1225
佳木斯81.21011.0996.071783.43.02.910.16-4.16-41.135.4220
哈尔滨171.71001.5985.174773.83.53.610.18-4.14-38.136.4205
牡丹江241.4992.1978.771762.32.13.510.16~4.13-38.336.5191
上海4.51025.11005.375833.13.215.711.24~2.23-10.138.98
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00052.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00052.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..242d0f2c11ffb0e1376f395ce63474b3287f0784 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00052.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + + + + + +
气候类型测站纬度经度海拔高度(m)123456789101112年平均
亚热带季风气候东京35°41′N139°46′E4$\frac {3.7}{48}$$\frac {4.3}{73}$$\frac {7.6}{101}$$\frac {13.1}{135}$$\frac {17.6}{131}$$\frac {21.1}{182}$$\frac {25.1}{146}$$\frac {26.4}{147}$$\frac {22.8}{217}$$\frac {16.7}{220}$$\frac {11.3}{101}$$\frac {6.1}{6.1}$$\frac {14.7}{1562}$
热带季风气候海洋型黎牙实比13°08′N123°44′E19$\frac {25.7}{315}$$\frac {25.8}{202}$$\frac {26.3}{263}$$\frac {27.3}{200}$$\frac {28.0}{211}$$\frac {28.2}{209}$$\frac {27.8}{180}$$\frac {27.7}{250}$$\frac {27.5}{221}$$\frac {27.2}{351}$$\frac {26.6}{511}$$\frac {25.9}{494}$$\frac {27.0}{3407}$
大陆型新德里28°35′N77°12′E216$\frac {14.3}{25}$$\frac {17.3}{22}$$\frac {22.9}{17}$$\frac {29.1}{7}$$\frac {33.5}{8}$$\frac {34.5}{65}$$\frac {31.2}{211}$$\frac {29.9}{173}$$\frac {29.3}{150}$$\frac {25.9}{31}$$\frac {20.2}{1}$$\frac {15.7}{5}$$\frac {25.3}{715}$
赤道多雨气候新加坡1°18′N103°05′E10$\frac {26.1}{285}$$\frac {26.7}{164}$$\frac {27.2}{154}$$\frac {27.6}{160}$$\frac {27.8}{101}$$\frac {28.0}{127}$$\frac {27.4}{183}$$\frac {27.3}{230}$$\frac {27.3}{102}$$\frac {27.2}{184}$$\frac {26.7}{236}$$\frac {26.3}{306}$$\frac {27.1}{2282}$
温带大陆性半干旱气候乌兰巴托47°55′N106°50′E1325$\frac {-23.7}{<3}$$\frac {-19.2}{<3}$$\frac {-11.3}{<3}$$\frac {0.7}{5}$$\frac {8.0}{10}$$\frac {14.6}{28}$$\frac {17.1}{76}$$\frac {15.3}{51}$$\frac {8.1}{23}$$\frac {-0.8}{5}$$\frac {-13.2}{5}$$\frac {-21.3}{3}$$\frac {-2.2}{208}$
亚热带夏干气候贝鲁特33°54′N35°28′E34$\frac {13.9}{113}$$\frac {14.1}{80}$$\frac {15.3}{77}$$\frac {18.1}{26}$$\frac {21.0}{10}$$\frac {24.1}{1}$$\frac {26.2}{0}$$\frac {27.1}{0}$$\frac {25.7}{7}$$\frac {23.0}{20}$$\frac {18.8}{78}$$\frac {15.5}{105}$$\frac {20.2}{517}$
温带大陆性气候华沙52°13′N21°01′E133$\frac {-2.9}{32}$$\frac {-2.1}{25}$$\frac {1.9}{29}$$\frac {7.7}{40}$$\frac {14.2}{51}$$\frac {17.0}{60}$$\frac {18.8}{84}$$\frac {17.5}{73}$$\frac {13.5}{44}$$\frac {8.2}{39}$$\frac {2.6}{38}$$\frac {-1.2}{35}$$\frac {8.0}{550}$
莫斯科55°50′N37°33′E167$\frac {-10.8}{37}$$\frac {-9.1}{35}$$\frac {-4.8}{39}$$\frac {3.4}{36}$$\frac {11.8}{52}$$\frac {15.6}{66}$$\frac {18.0}{82}$$\frac {15.8}{74}$$\frac {10.1}{58}$$\frac {3.7}{33}$$\frac {-2.8}{49}$$\frac {-8.0}{39}$$\frac {3.6}{620}$
地中海式气候里斯本38°43′N9°08′W95$\frac {10.3}{86}$$\frac {11.2}{82}$$\frac {12.7}{80}$$\frac {14.1}{54}$$\frac {16.5}{40}$$\frac {19.3}{19}$$\frac {21.3}{4}$$\frac {21.8}{5}$$\frac {20.3}{38}$$\frac {17.1}{82}$$\frac {13.5}{109}$$\frac {11.3}{93}$$\frac {15.8}{692}$
罗马41°54′N12°29′E63$\frac {6.9}{79}$$\frac {7.9}{80}$$\frac {10.6}{77}$$\frac {13.7}{72}$$\frac {17.9}{61}$$\frac {21.8}{44}$$\frac {24.7}{18}$$\frac {24.4}{25}$$\frac {21.2}{65}$$\frac {16.5}{132}$$\frac {11.7}{122}$$\frac {8.2}{107}$$\frac {15.5}{882}$
雅典37°58′N24°43′E107$\frac {8.9}{54}$$\frac {9.2}{44}$
$\frac {11.6}{33}$$\frac {15.0}{21}$$\frac {19.5}{23}$$\frac {23.8}{18}$$\frac {27.0}{5}$$\frac {26.8}{8}$$\frac {23.3}{17}$$\frac {19.0}{44}$$\frac {14.3}{66}$$\frac {10.9}{74}$$\frac {17.4}{407}$
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00053.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00053.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d931ed1a1f1e168f3f55406b57dacc84c9d37428 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00053.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + + + + + + +
气候类型测站纬度经度海拔高度(m)123456789101112年平均
亚热带夏干气候圣弗兰西斯科37°47′N122°25′W16$\frac {10.4}{116}$$\frac {11.7}{93}$$\frac {12.6}{74}$$\frac {13.2}{37}$$\frac {14.1}{16}$$\frac {15.1}{4}$$\frac {14.9}{-}$$\frac {15.2}{1}$$\frac {16.7}{6}$$\frac {16.3}{23}$$\frac {14.1}{51}$$\frac {11.4}{51}$$\frac {13.8}{529}$
热带干旱与半干旱气候拉巴斯24°10′N110°21′W12$\frac {17.2}{3}$$\frac {18.4}{11}$$\frac {20.2}{1}$$\frac {21.4}{0}$$\frac {23.4}{0}$$\frac {25.5}{0}$$\frac {28.0}{6}$$\frac {28.6}{42}$$\frac {27.9}{52}$$\frac {26.0}{10}$$\frac {22.4}{13}$$\frac {18.7}{34}$$\frac {23.2}{172}$
亚热带大陆性半干旱气候圣路易斯33°19′S66°20′W708$\frac {24.0}{107}$$\frac {22.5}{103}$$\frac {20.3}{59}$$\frac {16.4}{39}$$\frac {12.4}{19}$$\frac {8.9}{6}$$\frac {9.2}{11}$$\frac {10.9}{11}$$\frac {13.4}{18}$$\frac {17.6}{34}$$\frac {20.6}{70}$$\frac {23.0}{92}$$\frac {16.6}{566}$
亚热带湿润气候悉尼33°51′S151°13′E42.1$\frac {22.0}{104}$$\frac {21.9}{125}$$\frac {20.8}{129}$$\frac {18.3}{101}$$\frac {15.1}{115}$$\frac {12.8}{141}$$\frac {11.8}{94}$$\frac {13.0}{83}$$\frac {15.2}{72}$$\frac {17.6}{80}$$\frac {19.5}{77}$$\frac {21.1}{86}$$\frac {17.4}{1205}$
亚热带湿润气候奥克兰36°51′174°46′49$\frac {19.2}{84}$$\frac {19.6}{104}$$\frac {18.4}{71}$$\frac {16.4}{109}$$\frac {13.8}{122}$$\frac {11.8}{140}$$\frac {10.8}{140}$$\frac {11.3}{109}$$\frac {12.6}{97}$$\frac {14.3}{107}$$\frac {15.9}{81}$$\frac {17.7}{79}$$\frac {15.2}{1242}$
温带海洋性气候惠灵顿41°17′174°46′126$\frac {16.2}{74}$$\frac {16.4}{91}$$\frac {15.4}{79}$$\frac {13.5}{94}$$\frac {10.9}{119}$$\frac {8.8}{122}$$\frac {8.1}{130}$$\frac {8.8}{135}$$\frac {12.6}{97}$$\frac {11.7}{122}$$\frac {13.3}{81}$$\frac {15.1}{107}$$\frac {12.4}{1250}$
高温多雨热带气候莱城6°44′S147°E8$\frac {27.4}{252}$$\frac {27.5}{243}$$\frac {27.3}{330}$$\frac {26.6}{420}$$\frac {26.2}{387}$$\frac {25.4}{414}$$\frac {24.8}{538}$$\frac {24.9}{542}$$\frac {25.4}{415}$$\frac {26.2}{320}$$\frac {26.7}{326}$$\frac {27.1}{351}$$\frac {26.3}{4538}$
热带海洋性气候关岛13°34′N144°55′E162$\frac {25.6}{118}$$\frac {25.7}{89}$$\frac {25.9}{67}$$\frac {26.6}{77}$$\frac {26.8}{106}$$\frac {26.8}{149}$$\frac {26.4}{228}$$\frac {26.3}{326}$$\frac {26.3}{339}$$\frac {26.2}{333}$$\frac {26.3}{261}$$\frac {25.9}{151}$$\frac {26.2}{2249}$
沙漠性气候开罗139$\frac {12.7}{3}$$\frac {14.0}{4}$$\frac {16.6}{3}$$\frac {20.5}{1}$$\frac {24.7}{4}$$\frac {26.8}{0}$$\frac {26.8}{0}$$\frac {27.7}{0}$$\frac {25.7}{0}$$\frac {23.6}{1}$$\frac {19.7}{4}$$\frac {14.8}{7}$$\frac {21.1}{25}$
温暖湿润气候纽约16$\frac {0.9}{84}$$\frac {0.9}{78}$$\frac {4.9}{107}$$\frac {10.7}{91}$$\frac {16.7}{91}$$\frac {21.9}{86}$$\frac {24.9}{94}$$\frac {24.1}{129}$$\frac {20.4}{100}$$\frac {14.8}{86}$$\frac {8.6}{91}$$\frac {2.4}{86}$$\frac {12.6}{1123}$
布宜诺斯艾利斯25$\frac {23.6}{92}$$\frac {23.3}{84}$
$\frac {20.2}{122}$$\frac {17.3}{87}$$\frac {13.7}{78}$$\frac {11.2}{55}$$\frac {10.3}{42}$$\frac {11.4}{58}$$\frac {13.9}{88}$$\frac {16.7}{100}$$\frac {19.7}{79}$$\frac {22.4}{90}$$\frac {17.0}{975}$
海洋性气候巴黎53$\frac {3.1}{54}$$\frac {3.8}{43}$$\frac {7.2}{32}$$\frac {10.3}{38}$$\frac {14.0}{52}$$\frac {17.1}{50}$$\frac {19.0}{55}$$\frac {18.5}{62}$$\frac {15.9}{51}$$\frac {11.1}{49}$$\frac {6.8}{50}$$\frac {4.1}{49}$$\frac {10.9}{585}$
伦敦5$\frac {4.2}{53}$$\frac {4.4}{40}$
$\frac {6.6}{37}$$\frac {9.3}{38}$$\frac {12.4}{46}$$\frac {15.8}{46}$$\frac {17.6}{56}$$\frac {17.2}{59}$$\frac {14.8}{50}$$\frac {10.8}{57}$$\frac {7.2}{64}$$\frac {5.2}{48}$$\frac {10.5}{594}$
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00054.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00054.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0f8003d4af72c1c628a9a514a0bea9938b9b2839 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00054.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +
10甲基对硫磷(甲基E605)0.01-27硝基苯0.01-
11乙醇3.001.0028铅及其无机化合物(换算成Pb)-0.0007
12甲醛0.05-290.100.03
13-0.000330氯丁二烯0.10-
14吡啶0.08-31氢化氢0.050.015
152.400.8032铬(六价)0.0015-
16苯乙烯0.01-33锰及其化合物(换算成MnO₂)-0.01
17苯胺0.100.0334飘尘0.50.15
+ +注:1. 灰尘自然沉降量,可在当地清洁区实测数值的基础上增加3-5吨/公里$^{2}$/月(t/km$^{2}$/月)。 + +2. 一次最高容许浓度,指任何一次测定结果的最大容许值。 + +3. 日平均最高容许浓度,指任何一日的平均浓度的最大容许值。 + +4. 本表所列各项有害物质的检验方法,应按现行的(大气监测检验方法)执行。 + +①《居住在大气中酚卫生标准》(GB 18067-2000)。 + +## 1-6-1-5 大气中污染物浓度的表示方法 + +大气中污染物浓度的表示方法有两种:一种是以单位体积内所含的污染物的质量数表示,我国规定的最高容许浓度单位是mg/m³;另一种是对于气体或蒸气用ppm或ppb作浓度单位,ppm单位表示100万体积空气中含有有害气体或蒸气的体积数,ppb是ppm的千分之一。两个单位可用下式换算。 + +$X(ppm)\fbox{?} \frac{22.4}{M} \fbox{?} A$ + +式中 A——以$mg/m^3$表示的气体浓度; + +X——以ppm表示的气体浓度; + +M——物质的分子量; + +22.4——在标准状况下(0℃,101.325kPa)的摩尔(mol)体积。 + +## 1-6-1-6 中国民用建筑工程室内环境污染控制标准 + +1. 无机非金属建筑材料放射性指标限量(见表1-101)。 + +无机非金属建筑材料放射性指标限量 表1-101 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
测定项目限量
内照射指数($I_{Ra}$)$\leq 1.0$
外照射指数($I_{\gamma}$)$\leq 1.0$
+ +2. 无机非金属装修材料放射性指标限量(见表1-102)。 + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00055.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00055.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e4f48579d95e1bceb9fbe36d55871d0c6a3f3d09 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00055.md @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +无机非金属装修材料放射性指标限量 表1-102 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
测定项目限量
AB
内照射指数 ($I_{Ra}$)$\leq 1.0$$\leq 1.3$
外照射指数 ($I_{\gamma}$)$\leq 1.3$$\leq 1.9$
+ +3. 环境测试舱法测定游离甲醛释放量限量(见表1-103)。 + +环境测试舱法测定游离甲醛释放量限量 表1-103 + +
类别限量(mg/m³)
E₁$\le 0.12$
+ +4. 穿孔法测定游离甲醛含量分类限量(见表1-104)。 + +穿孔法测定游离甲醛含量分类限量 表1-104 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
类别限量 (mg/100g, 干材料)
$E_1$$\leq 9.0$
$E_2$$> 9.0, \leq 30.0$
+ +5. 干燥法测定游离甲醛释放量分类限量(见表1-105)。 + +干燥器法测定游离甲醛释放量分类限量 表1-105 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
类别限量 (mg/L)
$E_1$$\le 1.5$
$E_2$$> 1.5, \le 5.0$
+ +6. 室内用水性涂料中总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)和游离甲醛限量(见表1-106)。 + +室内用水性涂料中总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)和游离甲醛限量 表1-106 + +
测定项目限量
TVOC(g/L)$\le 200$
游离甲醛(g/kg)$\le 0.1$
+ +7. 室内用溶剂型涂料中总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)和苯限量(见表1-107)。 + +室内用溶剂型涂料中总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)和苯限量 表1-107 + +
涂料名称TVOC (g/L)苯 (g/kg)
醇酸漆$\leq 550$$\leq 5$
硝基清漆$\leq 750$$\leq 5$
聚氨酯漆$\leq 700$$\leq 5$
酚醛清漆$\leq 500$$\leq 5$
酚醛磁漆$\leq 380$$\leq 5$
酚醛防锈漆$\leq 270$$\leq 5$
其他溶剂型涂料$\leq 600$$\leq 5$
+ +8. 室内用水性胶粘剂中总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)和游离甲醛限量( + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00056.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00056.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..001022c61481c1e470d00bd6fd46280dbf5b0d94 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00056.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +有不影响锌层质量的局部轻微刻痕。 + +## 2. 力学性能 + +镀锌钢丝和镀锌钢绞线的力学性能,分别列于表11-12和表11-13。钢丝和钢绞线经热镀锌后,其屈服强度稍为降低。 + +镀锌钢丝和镀锌钢绞线的公称直径和截面积应包括锌层厚度在内。 + +镀锌钢丝的力学性能 表11-12 + + +
公称直径抗拉强度规定非比例伸长应力伸长率弯曲次数松弛性能
(mm)(MPa)无松弛要求(MPa)Ⅰ级松弛要求(MPa)Ⅱ级松弛要求(MPa)L0=250mm(%)次数/180°弯曲半径(mm)初始应力相当于公称抗拉强度的百分数(%)1000h应力不大于(%)
不小于Ⅰ级松弛Ⅱ级松弛
5.0015701180125013304.04157082.5
1670125013301410
1770133014101500
7.001570--13304.0520
1670--1410
+ +注:弹性模量为$(2.0\pm0.1)\times10^{3}\mathrm{MPa}$ + +镀锌钢绞线的规格和力学性能 表11-13 + +
公称直径(mm)公称截面积($mm^2$)理论重量(kg/m)强度级别(MPa)最大负荷$F_b$(kN)屈服负荷$F_{m.2}$(kN)伸长率b(%)松弛
初截为公称负荷的百分比(%)1000h应力松劲损失$R_{mm}$(%)
12.5930.7317701860164173146154≥3.570%≤2.5
12.91000.78517701860177186158166
15.21391.09117701860246259220230
15.71501.17817701860265279236248
+ +注:弹性模量为 $(1.95 \pm 0.17 \times 10^5 \text{MPa})$。 + +## 11-1-3-2 无粘结预应力钢绞线 + +无粘结钢绞线是用防腐润滑油脂涂敷在钢绞线表面上,并外包塑料护套制成,见图11-7。它主要用于后张预应力混凝土结构中的无粘结预应力筋,也可用于暴露或腐蚀环境中的体外索、拉索等。无粘结钢绞线应符合行业标准《无粘结预应力钢绞线》(JG3006—2003)的规定。 + +1. 材料要求 + +(1) 钢绞线规格,选用 $1 \times 7$ 结构,直径有 9.5mm、12.7mm、15.2mm 及 15.7mm 等,其质量应符合国家标准 GB/T 5224—2003 的要求。 + +(2) 防腐润滑油脂应具有良好的化学稳定性,对周围材料无侵蚀作用;不透水、不吸 + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00057.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00057.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9dd63f827ee1d04d8b523699497c3d6f9bb4f0ab --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00057.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +续表 + + +
型号储垫板波纹管$\phi$D钢板螺旋器
AB$\phi$C$\phi$EF$\phi$G$\phi$HI圈数
HVM15-8230140120801506023016605
HVM15-9240160125801576024016605
HVM15-12270210138901757027020606
HVM15-142852201481001857028520606
HVM15-173002401601002108530020606
HVM15-193102501641002179031020607
HVM15-2234026018012023510034020607
HVM15-2736529019513026011036522607
HVM15-3140033020513027512040022608
HVM15-3746539022514031014046522609
HVM15-4450045024816034015050022609
HVM15-4954051026016036016054025709
HVM15-5554051026016036017054025709
+ +## 4. B&S 型锚固体系 + +B&S型锚固体系是北京市建筑工程研究院与上海市有关单位合作开发的高效锚固体系,可锚固1860MPa的钢绞线。1992年通过部级鉴定,1994年被建设部列为重点推广项目。表11-20列出该体系Z15系列锚固体系尺寸。 + +表 11-20 + + +
型号锚垫板波纹管$\phi$D锚板螺旋筋
AB$\phi$EF$\phi$G$\phi$Hl圈数
B&SZ15-313010050904513010503
B&SZ15-4160120551054515012504
B&SZ15-5180130601155017012554
B&SZ15-6,7200170701255520016505
B&SZ15-8,9240180801456024016456
B&SZ15-12270210901706527016506
B&SZ15-15,19320305952007040018507
B&SZ15-25,27,313603501302708051020608
B&SZ15-374404501402909057022609
B&SZ15-48,5552053016035010070025709
+ +## 11-2-2-4 扁型夹片锚固体系 + +BM 型扁罐体系是由扁型夹片锚具、扁型锚垫板等组成,见图 11-16。该锚固体系的尺寸见表 11-21。 + +扁锚的优点:张拉槽口扁小,可减少混凝土板厚,钢绞线单根张拉,施工方便;主要适用于楼板、城市低高度箱梁,以及桥面横向预应力等。 + + + +图 11-16 扁键结构示意图 + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00058.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00058.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..97fc700a25a6262a0d38e5a18360f6521199f442 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00058.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +续表 + + +
型号钢丝绳数螺纹 D螺纹 $D_3$$H$$H_6$$n_1$$n_2$$n_3$$d_1$$d_2$$d_3$$H_1$$D_1$
DMSA-2020M68 × 3M48 × 2703071319352595
DMSA-2222M68 × 3M48 × 27535814213730100
DMSA-2424M72 × 3M52 × 37535915244030100
DMSA-2828M76 × 3M56 × 375352101611274330105
DMSA-3232M80 × 3M57 × 380404111713294535110
DMSA-3636M84 × 3M60 × 380406121816324835115
DMSA-3939M88 × 3M63 × 385427131910356135120
DMSA-4242M91 × 3M65 × 390458142021375340125
DMSA-4545M94 × 3M68 × 390459152124405640130
+ +## (二)B型错板 + +续表 + + + +
型号钢丝根数$D_2$$H_3$$n_1$$n_2$$n_3$$d_1$$d_2$$d_3$
DM5B-4415412
DM5B-772061160
DM5B-10102029824
DM5B-12127525391026
DM5B-141480254101228
DM5B-161685305111430
DM5B-181885306121633
DM5B-202085307131935
DM5B-222290358142137
DM5B-242490359152440
DM5B-2828953521016112743
DM5B-3232954041117132945
DM5B-36361004061218163248
DM5B-39391004271319193551
DM5B-42421054581420213753
DM5B-45451054591521244056
+ +## $\phi^{0}7$ 钢丝束锥头锚具尺寸(mm) +表 11-26 +## (一)A型锚杆与螺母 + + +
型号钢丝根数螺纹 D螺纹 $D_6$H$H _ {a}$$n_1$$n_2$$d_1$$d_2$$H_1$$D_1$
DM7A-66M52×2M37×260256222280
DM7A-88M62×3M44×260258302590
DM7A-1010M68×3M48×270302912343095
DM7A-1212M72×3M52×3753539143630100
DM7A-1414M76×3M55×38035410163830110
DM7A-1616M80×3M57×38540511194135115
DM7A-1818M84×3M60×38540612224435120
DM7A-2020M91×3M63×39545713264835125
DM7A-2222M96×3M67×39545814305240130
DM7A-2424M100×3M70×310050915335542135
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00059.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00059.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c6e931870c059cf0ec3424112a49e44bf9e06a81 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00059.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ + + +图 11-29 钢质锥形锚具 + +(a) 装配图;(b) 铺环;(c) 堵塞 + + +钢质锥形锚具尺寸(mm)表11-27 + +
型号销柱$D$$H$$d$$d_3$$D_1$$H_1$$d_2$留孔直径
直径槽数
GES-1251265452734.92750MB×1
GES-18518100503947.74055M16×1550
GES-24524110554958.65160M16×1550
GES-28528117535564.05758
GES-30530126535968.36158
GE7-12712110574555.04366
GE7-24724130576474.06266
+ +注:本表前三种型号为通用规格,后四种为柳州建筑机械总厂产品。 + +(1)锚环经调质热处理后,硬度应达到HB235±15,再机加工。 + +(2) 锚塞机加工后,再热处理,硬度应达到 HRC55~58。 + +(3)锚环与锚塞的维度应严格保证一致。锚环与锚塞配套时,其锚环锥形孔与锚塞的大小头,只允许同时出现正偏差或负偏差。 + +## 11-2-3-3 单根钢丝夹具 + +## 1. 锥销夹具 + +锥销夹具适用于夹持单根直径4~5mm的冷拔钢丝和消除应力钢丝。 + +锥销夹具由套筒与锥塞组成,见图11-30,其外形尺寸见表11-28。 + +锥销夹具尺寸(mm)表11-28 + +
钢应力筋塞 筒锚 塞
$H$$D$$d_1$$\alpha$$H_1$$b_1$
#4~5冷拔钢丝2822108.13°307
#5消除应力钢丝302513339.4
+ +注:冷拔钢丝用夹具:采用45号钢,套筒不调质,钻离热处理硬度为40-45。 + +消除应力钢丝用夹具:套筒采用45号钢,调质热处理硬度为HRC25~28;锚塞采用 + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00060.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00060.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..408c9c3bf7f4bbf04948805ddff6aa28d4a3e307 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00060.md @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
序号等级拉伸试验冲击试验
屈服强度 (N/mm2)抗拉强度 (N/mm2)伸长率 (%)温度 ($^\circ\text{C}$)V型冲击功 (横向) (J)
公称厚度 (mm)公称厚度 (mm)
<=1616-4040-6060-100100-150>150<=1818-4040-6060-100100-150>150
不小于不小于不小于
G235A235225215205195185375-485262524232221--
B2027
C0
D-20
+碳素结构钢机械性能 + +表12-4 +
牌 号试样方向内弯试验 $D=2a$,$180^\circ$
铜板厚度(直径)(mm)
$60$$>60\sim100$$>100\sim200$
弯 心 直 径$d$
Q215$0.5a$$1.5a$$2a$
$a$$2a$$2.5a$
Q235$a$$2a$$2.5a$
$1.5a$$2.5a$$3a$
+ +注:D为试样宽度。a 为钢材厚度(直径)。 + +低合金高强度结构钢钢材的拉伸、冲击和弯曲试验应符合表12-5的规定。A级钢应进行弯曲试验;其他等级钢因有不同温度下的冲击要求,如钢厂供货能保证弯曲试验结果符合表12-5的规定要求时,其弯曲试验可不做检验。 + +铁合金结构钢机械性能 表12-5 + + +
序号号段基面点a,(MPa)抗拉强度n(MPa)伸长率d1(%)冲击功.A(V,(kN))180°弯曲试验d=每心直径:a=试样厚度(直径)
厚度(直径、齿长)(mm)+20℃0℃-20℃-40℃
≤16>16
-
30
>30
-
50
>50
-
100
不小于明胶强度(直径/mm)
不小于≤2a >2a-11a
Q545A345325295275470-6302134343427d=2ad=3a
B345325295275470-63021d=2ad=3a
C345325295275470-63022d=2ad=3a
D345325295275470-63022d=2ad=3a
E345325295275470-63022d=2ad=3a
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00061.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00061.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5a150e1427023fc40257e995be25eb192ddb1982 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00061.md @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +## 开工报告表 + +建设单位:福建省××县陈东中学 + +施工单位:福建省××建筑工程公司 + +工程名称:教学楼 + +填表日期:2003年01月01日 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
工程编号2003-001工程地点xx县城三下开发区中山北路
工程结构框架结构工程造价310万元
建筑面积5120 m²施工工期330天
开工日期2003年01月10日批准日期2003年01月07日
工地情况报告1、各项计划编制情况及交底情况各项计划已编制完成并已作好交底
2、编制施工总平面图及三通一平,实施情况施工总平面图已编制、三通一平已完成
3、工地建立管理制度情况工地管理制度已编制完成
4、图纸学习情况施工图纸已集中学习3天
5、基础材料到场情况基础材料已到场80%
6、基地完成情况临时设施已全部搭设完成
7、质量、安全措施准备及执行情况质量、安全措施已落实
8、其他准备工作中存在问题其他准备工作未存有问题
公司检查组意见经检查该工地已具备开工条件,同意动工!
+ +批准人:陈小祥 + +部门审核人:卢小强 + +项目经理:严小德 + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00062.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00062.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5df0e24896136ad2b8815ff55b31d37f3a724835 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00062.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +## 地基钎探记录 + +工程名称:××县工商局315大楼 施工单位:××县建筑工程公司 钎探日期:2003年01月30日 + +锤 重: 25kg + +落距:800mm + +直径:25mm + +
探点编号锤击数探点布置及处理部位示意图
合计2~30(cm)30~60(cm)60~90(cm)90~120(cm)120~150(cm)150~180(cm)180~210(cm)
0146090110140①轴
0235090120②轴
034255590120③轴
0456085115150175④轴
054305085120⑤轴
0636085120⑥轴
074256085115⑦轴
083305590120⑧轴
0956085115150175⑨轴
104255590120①轴
114256085115②轴
1236085120③轴
1356085115150175④轴
1446090110140⑤轴
154255590120⑥轴
1656085115150175⑦轴
1746090110140⑧轴
184255590120⑨轴
结论根据上述钎探贯入度数值表明,该地基持力层分布均匀,同意进入下道工序的施工。
+ +工程技术负责人:王⼩全 + +质量检查员:卢加强 + +钎探人:林志兴 + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00063.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00063.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a0e85a9f912e44086bfb237eefd5a8370af305d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00063.md @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +# 地基验槽记录表 + +工程名称:××县陈东中学教学楼 + +工程编号:2003-001 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
工程部位①轴~⑧轴开挖时间2003年01月20日
验槽日期2003年01月26日完成时间2003年01月25日
项次项目验收情况
1地基形式(人工或天然)天然地基
2持力层土质和地耐力砂砾土、210KPa/m²
3地基土的均匀、密致程度符合要求
4基底标高-3.500m
5基槽轴线位移符合施工规范规定
6基槽尺寸满堂开挖(总长45.2m、总宽18.6m)
7地下水位标高及处理-3.300m,采用集水坑抽排
附图或说明基坑剖面图
施工单位意见:符合设计要求。项目经理:李小强项目技术负责人:王小全施工单位(公章):2003年01月26日监理单位意见:符合设计要求。总监理工程师:翁小明监理单位(公章):2003年01月26日
勘察单位意见:该地基土质符合要求,同意封底。项目负责人:林小志勘察单位(公章):2003年01月26日设计单位意见:该地基土质符合要求,同意封底。结构专业负责人:陈小林设计单位(公章):2003年01月26日建设单位意见:同意进入下道工序的施工。项目负责人:冯大森建设单位(公章):2003年01月26日
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00064.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00064.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3fe6c0bdeb358702d2b566b7deed165c3fc1ae81 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00064.md @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +## 施工现场质量管理检查记录 + +开工日期:2003年01月25日 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
工程名称教学楼施工许可证(开工证)靖施03001
建设单位福建省××县陈东中学 项目负责人江小民
设计单位福建省第七建筑公司设计院项目负责人林小志
监理单位漳州市宇宏建设监理有限公司总监理工程师翁小明
施工单位××建筑工程公司项目经理李小强项目技术负责人王小全
序号项目内容
1现场质量管理制度①质量例会制度;②月评比及奖罚制度;③三检及交接检制度;④质量与经济挂勾制度。
2质量责任制①岗位责任制;②设计交底会制度;③技术交底制;④挂牌制度。
3主要专业工种操作上岗证书测量工、钢筋工、电焊工、三机工和架子工有证。
4分包方资质与对分包单位的管理制度
5施工图审查情况 有审查报告及审查批准书(闽设03006)
6地质勘察资料有《地质报告书》
7施工组织设计、施工方案及审批施工组织设计、编制、审查、批准齐全
8施工技术标准有模板、钢筋、混凝土灌注等20多种
9工程质量检验制度①有原材料及施工检验制度;②抽测项目的检测计划
10搅拌站及计量设置有管理制度和计量设施精确度及控制措施
11现场材料、设备存放与管理钢材、砂、石、水泥及玻璃、饰面砖等的管理办法
12
检查结论: +现场质量管理制度基本完整。 +总监理工程师:翁小明 +(建设单位项目负责人) +2003年01月30日
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00065.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00065.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ec384ba3337fe320580e59cd5646c8ea57699b40 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00065.md @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +## 结构工程验收记录表 + +工程名称:××县陈东中学教学楼 + +工程编号:2003-001 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
建筑面积5120m²层数7层
结构类型框架结构开工日期2003年01月10日
验收日期2004年02月20日完工日期2004年02月10日
验收内容验收部位主体分部
质保资料①钢筋出厂合格证16份、钢筋原材化验报告12份,规格Φ6~Φ25;②325#的水泥出厂合格证4份、水泥物理性能试验报告4份;③C25和C30的混凝土配合比设计各2份,抗渗砼配合比设计1份④砂和石子质量检验报告单2份,防水剂的合格证1份和检验报告单1份;⑤C25砼试块28组、C30砼试块22组强度评定合格,⑥钢筋对焊接头试验报告单4份、电渣压力焊接头试验报告单7份,规格齐全;以上质量保证资料合格和完整,其它质量保证资料也符合要求。
外观情况主体分部工程的柱、梁、板几何尺寸正确,且没有出现明显的蜂窝、麻面、孔洞和露筋等现象。观感质量验收等级为:好
其它底层主体砼实测40点,合格40点,合格率达100%;五层砼实测40点,合格38点,合格率达95%;二层砖墙和六层砖墙实测合格率分别达80%和90%。
施工单位自评: + +合格 + +项目经理:李小强 + +项目技术负责人:王小全 + +企业技术负责人:林晖暄 + +施工单位(公章): + +2004年2月20日监理单位评定: + +合格 + +总监理工程师:翁小明 + +监理单位(公章): + +2004年2月20日
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00066.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00066.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e0718825fbb2a00a4035fed2fcf5588fb54926dc --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00066.md @@ -0,0 +1,448 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
1通风空调通风、空调系统试运行记录/
2风量、温度测试记录/
3洁净室洁净度测试记录/
4制冷机组试运行调试记录/
1电梯电梯运行记录/
2电梯安全装置检测报告/
1智能建筑系统试运行记录/
2系统电源及接地检测报告/
结论经审查符合设计要求和施工规范规定。
施工单位
项目经理:李小强 2003年11月10日
经核查(抽查)符合设计要求和施工规范规定。
总监理工程师:翁小明
(建设单位项目负责人) 2003年11月10日
+ +注:抽查项目由验收组协商确定 + +## 单位(子单位)工程观感质量检查记录 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
工程名称福建省××县工商局315大楼施工单位福建××建筑工程公司
序号项目抽查质量状况质量评价
一般
1建筑与结构室外墙面oooo
2变形缝ooooooo
3水落管、屋面oooo
4室内墙面oooo
5室内顶棚oooo
6室内地面oooo
7楼梯、踏步、护栏ooooooo
8门窗ooooooo
1给排水采暖管道接口、坡度、支架oooo
2卫生器具、支架、阀门ooooooo
3检查口、扫除口、地漏ooooooo
4散热器、支架//////////
1建筑电气配电箱、盘、板、接线盒oooo
2设备器具、开关、插座ooooooo
3防雷、接地oooo
1通风与空调风管、支架//////////
2风口、风阀//////////
3风机、空调设备//////////
4阀门、支架//////////
5水泵、冷却塔//////////
diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00067.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00067.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9314190bb32fccc968980cb817f0332dbc37aac3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00067.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +
验收存在问题摘要:1、屋面个别砂浆残渣没有完全清理干净,应重新清理。2、楼梯间垃圾尘粉没有完全冲洗干净,应再洗。3、屋面天沟水落水管的地漏盖没有设置,应补设。4、屋面楼梯间填充墙与梁底之间存在裂缝,应处理。5、屋面伸缩缝做法错误,应按设计图案进行施工。6、个别铝合金窗外侧四周没注玻璃胶,应补做。7、卫生间天棚下横管设置的吊钩不得采用普通铁线,应更换。8、屋面预制砼板隔热层的勾缝个别开裂,应重新进行处理。9、外墙饰面砖在底层部位处个别未擦洗干净,应补洗。10、个别内业资料签字不完整、内容不规范,应重新整理。
说明:1、以上存在的不符合项限定项目部在11月03日以前全部整改完成。2、整改完成后用书面反馈到公司工程技术部。3、经公司工程技术部人员复检确认符合质量标准后,此事方才终结。
公司检查人员:卢小强、陈小山、王小东(盖章)2003年11月02日项目经理:严小德施工员:林松山2003年11月02日
+ +注:表格内容要求用碳素墨水填写。 + +## 单位(子单位)工程质量竣工验收记录表 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
工程名称××县工商局315大楼结构类型框架七层建筑面积5120m²
施工单位××建筑工程公司技术负责人林晖平开工日期2003.01.01
项目经理林木森项目技术负责人王小全竣工日期2003.11.10
序号项目验收记录验收结论
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00068.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00068.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a9e5b9b859b4013d90a9e33cedd9179811e18fd8 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00068.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +## 施工组织设计审批表 + +施管表3 + +年 月 日 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
工程名称xx市xx道路工程施工单位xx市政工程公司
有关部门会签意见: 技术上可行,能够按计划实现。 技术科:xxx(签名)同意。设备材料可按计划实现。 机具、材料科:xxx(签名)资金周转没问题。 财务科:xxx(签名)质量目标能实现,安全有保证。同意。 质量、安全科:xxx(签名)同意。 经营科:xxx(签名)
结论:该施工组织设计,技术上可行,进度目标、质量安全目标能够实现。符合有关规范、标准。符合合同要求。同意按此施工组织设计实施
审批单位(盖章)审批人公司总工程师:xxx(签名)
diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00069.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00069.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a800d89e38611cef46626ceafd8bfbc381e30931 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00069.md @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +## 施工图设计文件会审记录 + +施管表4 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
工程名称xx市xx路工程
图纸会审部位全部工程(包括道路、桥梁、排水)日期xx年4月4日
会审中发现的问题: +
1. 1. 几个检查井的平面尺寸不明确、并缺施工详图 +
2. 2. 留管的长度为多少 +
3. 3. 路基遇水塘如何处理 +
4. 4. 土路基的回弹模量是多少 +
5. DN 300雨水口连接管的坡度是多少
处理情况: +
1. $Y_{128}$ 井室尺寸按1750mm×1750mm施工, $Y_{124}$ 井室尺寸按1500mm×1500mm施工, 所有预留井井室尺寸均按1000mm×1000mm施工; 管径大于1200mm及井深大于4000mm的检查井由设计院另补出详图。其余检查井套用杭州城建设计院97通通用图 +
2.所有预留管均以做出路面一节管为准 +
3.路基施工如遇水塘, 应先彻底清淤, 然后采用塘渣回填, 塘渣直径应小于100mm。并分层碾压密实, 达到规定的压实度 +
4.土路基回弹模量为23MPa +
5. DN 300雨水口连接管的坡度与DN 200管一样均为1%
参加会审单位及人员
单位名称姓名职务单位名称姓名职务
xx投资开发公司×××总工xx建设监理公司×××监理工程师
xx投资开发公司×××工程师xx市政工程有限公司×××项目经理
xx市政工程设计院×××高工xx市政工程有限公司×××工程师
xx市政工程设计院×××工程师xx市政工程有限公司×××工程师
+ +填表人: + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00070.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00070.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b581058843922c3d63ac9d591672ccde13ddf566 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00070.md @@ -0,0 +1,155 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
3宽度不小于设计规定13.8613.8013.8713.913.9213.876583.3
4中线高程±20-6923-42110012156712121083.3
5横坡±20且不大于±0.3%6-2-46-37-821140101212100
6压实密度2t/m³3
7
交方措施(签字)接方措施(签字)监理意见签字:钱坚平均合格率(%)90.0
评定等级合格
+ +施工项目技术负责人:程如新(签字) +××年7月7日 + +施工员:张青(签字) + +质检员:王五(签字) + +## 工序质量评 + +## 定表 之三 + +单位工程名称:××市××路 + +部位名称:道路 + +质评表3 + +工序名称:北快车道三渣基层 + +桩号位置:0+480-0+800 + +
主要工程数量长320m, 宽13.35m, 厚30cm
序号外观检查项目质量情况评定意见
1CJJ-904.6.2摊铺层无明显粗细颗粒离析现象符合CJJ1- 90标准的相关要求
2CJJ-904.6.3用12t以上压路机碾压后,轮迹深度不大于5mm,并无浮料、脱皮、松散现象
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00071.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00071.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cd2ee6c0ef05e1e1beec1422001aefe4241ef023 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00071.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ + + + + +
3CJJ1-90$4.6.4$石灰、粉煤灰类混合料基层允许偏差应符合下列规定
4
序号量测项目规定值或允许偏差(mm)实测值或实测偏差 值应检点数


合格率
(%
)
1234567891
0
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
15
1平整度105910791215864161
3
81
.3
11791046
2厚度±10126102-7-3-2-
5
8787
.5
3宽度不小于设计规定13
.3
7
13
.3
9
13
.3
8
13
.4
7
13
.3
6
13
.4
1
13
.4
2
7710
0
4中线高程$\pm 20$-3-8-9-1
9
-2
1
$-2$
-1
0
-9.
1
2
.
9
.
1
1
161
4
87
.5
-8-3262-5
5横坡±20且不太于
$\pm 0.3$ $\%$
11925-5-25.
3
861
6
1593
.8
4-323-36
6压实度95%(
重型)
4



赵灵(签字)
方班组
赵灵(签字)
监理意见签字:钱望平均合格率(%)90.0
评定等级合格
+ +施工项目技术负责人:程如新(签字) + +施工员:张青(签字) + +质检员:王五(签字) + +×× 年 8 月 18 日 + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00072.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00072.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..074eaa6c628ec23214df36a512c07a60b2bd2538 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00072.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +## 工序质量评定表 之四A +质评表3 + +单位工程名称: ××市××路 + +部位名称:道路工程 + +工序名称:混凝土面层 + +桩号位置:K0+360-K0+475 + + + + + +
主要工程数量 南北侧宽各12.25m,长115m
序号 外观检查项目 质 量 情 况 评定意见
1 CJJ1-90 5.1.1 模板支立牢固,不倾斜、漏浆 符合CJJ1 -90 标准的相关要求
2 CJJ1-90 5.1.2 板面边角整齐,无大于0 . 3mm 的裂缝,无石子外露和浮浆、脱皮、印痕、积水等现象
3 CJJ1-90 5.1.3 伸缩缝垂直,缝内无杂物。伸缩缝全部贯通,传力杆与缝面垂直
4 CJJ1-90 5.1.4 切缝直线段线直,曲线段弯顺,无夹缝,灌缝无漏浆
5 CJJ1-90 5.1.5 水泥混凝土面层允许偏差符合下列规定
序号 量测项目 规定值或
允许偏差
(mm)
实测值或实测偏 差 值 应检点数 合格点数 合格率(%
)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1
0
1
1
1
3
1
4
1
5
1 模板直顺度 5 2 0 1 3 3 10
0
2 模板高程 ±5 -
2
-5 2 3 3 10
0
3 混凝土抗压强度 不低于规定 6 6 10
0
4 混凝土抗折强度 不低于规定 6 6 10
0
5 厚度 +21,-5 13 11 -
1
8 5 3 6 6 10
0
6 平整度 5 1 6 3 0 4 1 6 5 83
.3
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00073.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00073.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..481cdd1f82ce1bdfa8d132c346410735ec8db575 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00073.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +单位工程名称:xx市xx路 + +部位名称:道路工程 + +工序名称:沥青混凝土面层 + +桩 +号位置:0+085-0+360快车道 + + + + + +
主要工程数量面积6200㎡,7cm粗粒式+5cm中粒式+3cm细粒式
序号外观检查项目质 量 情 况评定意见
1CJJ-90
5-2-
表面平整,坚实,无脱落、掉渣、裂缝、推挤、烂边、粗细料集中等现象符合CJJ1 -90 标准的相关要求
2CJJ1-90
5-2-2
用10t 以上压路机碾压后,无明显轮迹
3CJJ1-90
5-2-3
接槎紧密、平顺、烫缝不枯焦
4CJ11-90
5-2-4
面层与路缘石及其他构筑物接顺,无积水现象
序号量测项目规定值或
允许偏差
(mm)
实测值或实测偏 差 值应检点数合格点数合格率(%
)
1234567891
0
111
2
131
4
1
5
6中线高程±20-
1
5
2
3
1
4
-
8
-
6
-
6
1
5
3-
2
1
9-
4
-
1
1
18-
3
141285
-7
7横坡±10且>25-
9
-
8
35-
1
0
-
1
2
-
1
3
98-
7
-5-38
±0-39-
1
1
-
5
684-
3
1
2
-59-
1
0
98-
6
-
5
-
9
51
0
-
2
-
6
491
2
-1
4
-
6
9-
8
-7-
3
-
8
-
3
1
2
4952-
1
0
59824-3-
1
1
-
1
0
-
1
2
3861
2
-
4
-
8
962-
1
8-6-
6
5
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00074.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00074.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aae752012df6724216dc30a781a9c420314730b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00074.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ + + + + +
3CJJ1-90 6.2.3侧石、缘石允许偏差符合下列规定
序号量测项目规定值或允许偏差(mm)实测值或实测偏 差 值应检点数合格点数合格率
(%
)
1234567891
0
1
1
1
2
131
4
1
5
3缝宽±3234205120124104
121310212121000
121011230100000
112786988
.5
4侧石顶面高程±1085611
1
2547951
1
574
491
4
261752141127
91
2
48954451
1
51
2
51
2
0
5111241
1
23175019
121
1
4785238421
0
242
1154786887
.2



赵灵(签字)接 方班 组赵灵(签字)监理意见签字:钱望平均合格率(%)87.6
评定等级合格
+ +施工项目技术负责人:程如新(签字) + +施工员:张青(签字) + +质检员:王五(签字) + +×× 年 6 月 25 日 + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00075.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00075.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d21c5a05298bd2601f89e4303f67c86373cf86b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00075.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +## 预制块人 +## 行道 铺设工序质量评定表 + +单位工程名称: + +部位名称: + +桩号位置: + +
主要工程数量
序号 外观检查项目 质量情况
1 第6-2-1 条
2 第6-2-2 条
3 第6-2-3 条
序号 量测项目 检查频率 允许偏差(mm) 各量测点偏差值 应量测点数 合格点数 合格率%)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 压实度 路床 2 点/100m 轻型击实 ≥90
%
路基 ≥95
%
2 平整度 1 点/20m 5
3 相邻块高差 1 点/20m 3
4 横坡 1 点/20m ±0.3%
5 纵缝直顺 1 点/40m 10
6 橘缝直顺 1 点/20m 10
7 井框与路面高差 1 点每座 5
交方班组 接方班组 平均合格率
评定等级
+ +工程技术负责人: + +施工负责人: + +质检员: + +年月日 + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00076.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00076.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eb473241df292ba0afa1013c7bc23f462023b765 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00076.md @@ -0,0 +1,348 @@ +## 沟槽回填土工序质量评定表 + +单位工程名称: + +部位名称: + +桩号位置: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
主要工程数量
序号外观检查项目质量情况
1第3-8-1 条
2第3-8-2 条
3第--条
序号量测项目检查频率
允许偏差(mm)各量测点偏差值应量测点数合格点数合格率(%)
12345678910
1胸腔部分每层一组(3 点)/二井点≥90%
2管顶以上至500mm≥85%
3管顶以上至500mm至地面
当年修路(按路槽以下深度诸)高级路面0-800mm≥98%
次高级路面≥95%
当建式路面路≥90%
高级路面800-1500mm≥95%
次高级路面≥90%
当理式路面≥90%
高级路面大于1500mm≥90%
次高级路面≥90%
当建式路面≥90%
当年不修路或农田$\geq 90\%$
交方班组接方班组平均合格率
评定等级
+ +工程技术负责人: 施工负责人: 质检员: 年月日 + +注:“每层指以20cm压实厚度计每层。 + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00077.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00077.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fd14f43019ff395cbf28378196ba263ee78698ee --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00077.md @@ -0,0 +1,337 @@ +## 检查井测试质量检验单 + +工程名称: 合同号: 施工单位: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
桩号或位置井身尺寸井盖高程井底高程桩号或位置井身尺寸井盖高程井底高程
直径直径
设计设计
实测实测
偏差偏差
设计设计
实测实测
偏差偏差
设计设计
实测实测
偏差偏差
设计设计
实测实测
偏差偏差
设计设计
实测实测
偏差偏差
设计设计
实测实测
偏差偏差
设计设计
实测实测
偏差偏差
+ +工程负责人: 质检员: 施工员: 年 月 日 + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00078.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00078.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c6bd55b3e5415e9b8ffd5c6b84ad456359e7f32c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00078.md @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +## 地槽(坑)验收记录 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
监督注册号工程名称
施工单位技术负责人质量部门负责人
项目经理技术部门负责人质量检查员
序号项目资料份数施工单位自评情况监理(建设单位)验收意见
1
2
3
4
5标高±0.00标高
6绝对标高
7几何尺寸
验收结论
参加验收单位施工单位项目经理或技术负责人:(签字)                              年月日
勘察单位项目负责人:(签字)                                                年月日
设计单位项目负责人:(签字)                                                年月日
监理单位总监:(签字)                                                           年月日
建设单位项目负责人:(签字)                                                年月日
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00079.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00079.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bdc054ef48820a5d67f459c21b4b515f244f0ce2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00079.md @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ + + + +
质量监督机构核定核定意见:
核定等级: 核定人: 项目站负责人:
年 月 日 年 月 日
+ +注 分部工程质量在施工单位质检部门自评的基础上,由监理单位复核其质量等级,报质量监督机构核备。大型水利枢纽工程主体建筑物的分部工程质量,在施工单位自评、监理单位复核后,需报质量监督机构核定其质量等级。 + +水利水电工程 + +表03 分部工程施工质量评定表(例表) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
单位工程名称泄水闸工程施工单位中国水利水电第××工程局
分部工程名称闸室部分(土建)施工日期自×年×月×日至×年×月×日
分部工程量混凝土1529m³评定日期×年×月×日
项次单元工程类别工程量单元工程个数合格个数其中优良个数备注
1岩基开挖856m³553
2混凝土1529m³10107
3房建140m³664闸房
4混凝土构件安装80t221
5
6
合计232315优良率65.2%
主要单元工程、重要隐蔽工程及关键部位的单元工程150m³111关键部位单元工程
施工单位自评意见监理单位复核意见
本分部工程的单元工程质量全部合格,优良率为65.2%,主要单元工程、重要隐蔽工程及关键部位单元工程1项,质量优良。施工中未发生过任何质量事故。原材料质量/,金属结构、启闭机质量/,机电产品质量/,中间产品质量/。
分部工程质量等级:优良
质检部门评定人:×××
项目经现或理代表:××× (盖公章)
×年×月×日
复核意见:同意施工单位自评意见
分部工程质量等级:优良
监理工程师:×××
×年×月×日
总监或总监代表:××× (盖公章)
×年×月×日
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00080.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00080.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..db011e217ffe0742bc101a859c421489b76995f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00080.md @@ -0,0 +1,134 @@ +
质量监督机构核定核定意见:
核定等级:  核定人:  项目站负责人:
年 月 日    年 月 日
+ +注 分部工程质量在施工单位质检部门自评的基础上,由监理单位复核其质量等级,报质量监督机构核备。大型水利枢纽工程主体建筑物的分部工程质量,在施工单位自评、监理单位复核后,需报质量监督机构核定其质量等级。 + +## 水利水电工程 + +表04 单位工程施工质量检验资料核查表 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
单位工程名称施工单位
核定日期          年 月 日
项次项目份数核查情况
1原材料水泥出厂合格证、厂家试验报告
2钢材出厂合格证、厂家试验报告
3外加剂出厂合格证及技术性能指标
4粉煤灰出厂合格证及技术性能指标
5防水材料出厂合格证、厂家试验报告
6止水带出厂合格证及技术性能试验报告
7土工布出厂合格证及技术性能试验报告
8装饰材料出厂合格证及有关技术性能资料
9水泥复验报告及统计资料
10钢材复验报告及统计资料
11其他原材料出厂合格证及技术性能资料
12中间产品砂、石骨料试验资料
13石料试验资料
14混凝土拌和物检查资料
15混凝土试件统计资料
16砂浆拌和物及试件统计资料
17混凝土预制件(块)检验资料
18金属结构拦污栅出厂合格证及有关技术文件
19闸门出厂合格证及有关技术文件
20启闭机出厂合格证及有关技术文件
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00081.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00081.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..50d8ee8915aa3848eecc1c1833aaedc8b16cc390 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00081.md @@ -0,0 +1,169 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
20启闭机出厂合格证及有关技术文件8
21压力钢管生产许可证及有关技术文件5
22闸门、拦污栅安装测量记录14
23压力钢管安装测量记录3
24启闭机安装测量记录8
25焊接记录及探伤报告8
26焊工资质证明材料(复印件)8
27运行试验记录3
+ +续表04 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
项次项目份数核查情况
28机电设备产品出厂合格证、厂家提交的安装说明书及有关文931、产品出厂合格证及有关技术资料齐全,并已装订成册
2、机组及设备安装测试记录齐全,已装订成册
3、各项试验记录齐全
29重大设备质量缺陷处理资料/
30水轮发电机组安装测量记录3
31升压变电设备安装测试记录3
32电气设备安装测试记录3
33焊缝探伤报告及焊工资质证明15
34机组调试及试验记录3
35水力机械辅助设备试验记录3
36发电电气设备试验记录25
37升压变电电气设备检测试验报告33
38管道试验记录3
3972小时试运行记录3
40重要隐蔽工程施工记录灌浆记录、图表121、灌浆记录清晰、齐全、准确,图表完整
2、基础排水工程施工记录完全、准确
41造孔灌注桩施工记录、图表/
42振冲桩振冲记录/
43基础排水工程施工记录3
44地下防渗墙施工记录/
45其他重要施工记录2
46综合资料质量事故调查及处理报告、重大缺陷处理检查记录11、综合资料齐全
2、工序、单元工程资料均已按分部工程、单位工程装订成册
47工程试运行期观测资料2
48工序、单元工程质量评定表635
+ + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00082.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00082.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ba2edc14830673395b65bbbda2dc8f8707a696c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00082.md @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +## 合同合价项目月支付明细表 + +(承包[ ]合价号) + +合同名称: + +合同编号: ___ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
致:本月合同合价项目月支付明细表如下表,我方申请支付的工程价款总金额为(大写)(小写 __ )。请贵方审核。承包人:项目经理:日期: 年 月 日
序号合同价号价号名称合同合价金额(元)本月申报支付金额(元)累计支付金额(元)支付比例(%)监理审核意见备注
月合同合价项目总支付金额:佰拾万仟佰拾元角分
经审核,本月应支付合同合价项目工程价款总金额为(大写)_______(小写________) + +监理机构: + +总监理工程师: + +日 期:年 月 日
+ + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00083.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00083.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a17c0758eef6ebb4925613e40bea0531ebe13e3f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00083.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +合同名称: + +合同编号: + + +
致:
    我方今提交________工程质量缺陷的处理措施,请贵方审批。
单位工程名称分部/工程名称
单元/工程名称单元工程编码
质量缺陷工程部位
质量缺陷情况简要说明
拟采用的处理措施简述
附件目录□处理措施报告
□修复图纸
计划施工时段___年__月_日至
___年__月_日
承包人:
项目经理:
日期:    年 月 日
审批意见:

            监理机构:
                                     总监理工程师
                               /监理工程师:
                      日    期:        年  月  日
+ + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00084.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00084.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6da5eefd4f44515e412d885f0e67614d304365ab --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00084.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +合同名称: + +合同编号: + +
致:____年_月_日_时,在__________发生_________事故,现将事故发生情况报告如下,待调查结果出来后,再另行作详细报告。
事故简述
已采取的应急措施
下步处理意见
承包人:
项目经理:
日 期: 年 月 日
监理机构将另行签发批复意见。
监理机构:
签收人:
日 期: 年 月 日
+ + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00085.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00085.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4e07289d82a89ae0ce468b0e344954af4193bad2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00085.md @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +合同名称: 合同编号: + + +
致:
    我方今申报____年__月支付工程价款,月总支付金额为(大写)__________(小写__________),请贵方审核。
工程或费用名称本期前累计完成金额(元)本期申请金额(元)本期末累计完成金额(元)备注
应付金额合同单位项目
合同合价项目
合同新增项目
计日工项目
材料预付款
索赔项目
价格调整
延期付款利息
其他
应支付金额合计:
扣除金额工程预付款
材料预付款
保留金
违约赔偿
其他
扣除金额合计:
月总支付金额: 佰 拾 万 仟 佰 拾 元 角 分
承包人:
项目经理:
日 期: 年 月 日
监理机构将另行签发审核意见。
监理机构:
签收人:
日 期: 年 月 日
+ + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00086.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00086.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2f7c06d565eba509c74cdf73e824da678003a00d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00086.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +合同名称: + +合同编号: + +
致:
我方承担的________合同项目,依据施工合同约定,已具备工程预付款支付条件,现申请支付第__次预付款,金额总计为(大写)_______(小写______),请贵方审核。
附加: 1. 已具备的条件。
2. 计算依据及结果。
3.



承包人:
项目经理:
日 期: 年 月 日
通过审核后,监理机构将另行签发工程预付款付款证书。


监理机构:
签收人:
日 期: 年 月 日
+ + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00087.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00087.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..882a46159c58b05e5074daf302975240bf056b10 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00087.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + +
工程名称白家庄路绿化工程      
分部工程名称绿化种植验收部位东三环-南三里屯路
施工单位北京朝园弘园林绿化有限责任公司项目经理马晓琳
施工执行标准名称及编号Ⅰ:CJJ/T82-99城市绿化工程施工及验收规范
Ⅱ:DB11/T212-2003城市园林绿化工程施工及验收规范
分包单位分包项目经理
施工质量验收规范的规定施工单位检查评定记录 监理(建设)单位验收记录
主控项目1穴、槽的位置Ⅱ第7.2.1合格○是○否符合设计文件及施工质量验收规范的要求
2穴、槽规格Ⅱ第7.3合格
3树坑内客土Ⅱ第6.1合格
一般项目1标明树种Ⅱ第7.2.3合格○是○否符合设计文件及施工质量验收规范的要求


2好土、弃土置放Ⅱ第7.4合格
3
施工单位检查评定结果专业工长(施工员)贾守领施工班组长李根贤
项目专业质量检查员: 年 月 日
监理(建设)单位验收结论专业监理工程师:
(建设单位项目专业负责人): 年 月 日
+ + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00088.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00088.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d8f096d1d30c4010d869d294fb03f853114a1f70 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00088.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + +
工程名称编号
地点日期
现报上关于_________________技术管理文件,请予以审定。
类别编制人册数页数
1
2
3
4
编制单位名称:

技术负责人(签字):     申报人(签字):
承包单位审核意见:

○有○无  附页
承包单位名称:
审核人(签字):    审核日期:
监理单位审核意见:

审定结论:  ○同意  ○修改后再报  ○重新编制
监理单位名称:
总监理工程师(签字):      日期:
diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00089.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00089.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8d80def0377ca3286e220489f8e6f8f9c3befbe3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00089.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ + + + + +
工程名称白家庄路绿化工程编号001
地点东三环路至南三里屯路日期2007-8-19
现我方已完成绿化种植
部位的工程,经我方检验符合设计、规范要求,请予以验收。
附件:                名称                       页  数        编  号
1. 质量控制资料汇总表(适用于分部工程) ____页
2. 隐蔽工程检查记录表                                 ____页
3. 预检工程检查记录表                                 ____页
4. 施工记录                                                   ____页
5. 施工试验记录                                            ____页
6. 分项工程质量检测评定记录                      ____页
7. 分部工程质量检测评定记录                        1    页
8. 检验批质量验收记录表                             ____页


承包单位名称: 北京朝园弘园林绿化有限责任公司
质量检察员(签字):        技术负责人(签字):
审查意见:



审查结论:  o合格   o不合格监理单位名称:北京盛典园林绿化工程监理有限公司
(总)监理工程师(签字):     审查日期:
diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00090.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00090.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d774013a07a881b1f7ac8c4691db0c92069fd335 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00090.md @@ -0,0 +1,117 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
单位工程名称白家庄路绿化工程工程类型园林绿化
施工单位北京朝阳弘园林绿化有限责任公司技术部门负责人王君质量部门负责人冯刚
分包单位分包单位负责人分包技术负责人
序号分项工程名称分项工程(检验批)数施工单位检查评定验收意见
11地形整理1合格同意验收
2种植穴槽1合格
3施肥1合格
4苗木种植5合格
5苗木修剪1合格
6花卉种植 1合格
7草坪铺设1合格
2质量控制资料齐全有效同意验收
3安全和功能检验(检测)报告
4观感质量验收 同意验收
验收单位分包单位项目经理 年 月 日
施工单位项目经理 年 月 日
勘察单位项目负责人 年 月 日
设计单位项目负责人 年 月 日
监理(建设)单位总监理工程师 +(建设单位项目专业负责人) 年 月 日
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00091.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00091.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8c04eaa8600911859babb8464e434cf087f09d8a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00091.md @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
建设单位项目负责人
设计单位项目负责人
监理单位总监理工程师
施工单位项目经理项目技术负责人
序号项 目内 容
1现场质量管理制度
2质量责任制
3主要专业工种操作上岗证书
4分包方资质与对分包单位的管理制度
5施工图审查情况
6地质勘察资料
7施工组织设计、施工方案及审批
8施工技术标准
9工程质量检验制度
10搅拌站及计量设置
11现场材料、设备存放与管理
12
+ 检查结论: +







+
+ 总监理工程师:
+ (建设单位项目负责人)
+ 年 月 日 +
+
+ +## 附表A.0.2 + +## 单位(子单位)工程质量竣工验收记录 + +
工程名称结构类型层数/建筑面积/
施工单位技术负责人开工日期
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00092.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00092.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8b9d3caa79a7465c19f44469a718fc67a85a7229 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00092.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + +
项目经理项目技术负责人竣工日期
序号项目验收记录验收结论
1分部工程共分部、经查分部符合标准及设计要求项
2质量控制资料核查共项,经审查符合要求项,经核定符合规范要求项
3安全和主要使用功能核查及抽查结果共核查项、符合要求项,共抽查项、符合要求项,经返工处理符合要求项
4观感质量验收共抽查项,符合要求项不符合要求项
5综合验收结论
参加验收单位建设单位监理单位施工单位设计单位
(公章)
单位(项目)负责人:
年月日
(公章)
总监理工程师:
年月日
(公章)
单位负责人:
年月日
(公章)
单位(项目)负责人:
年月日
+ +附表A.0.3 + +单位(子单位)工程质量控制资料核查记录 + +
工程名称施工单位
序号项目资料名称份数核查意见核查人
1图纸会审、设计变更、洽商记录
diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00093.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00093.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b028bb351a6f91a2b906e5494152f119984f4cfa --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00093.md @@ -0,0 +1,216 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
7系统检测报告
8分项、分部(子分部)工程质量验收记录
9
1通风与空调图纸会审、设计变更、洽商记录
2材料、设备出厂合格证书及进场检(试)验报告
3制冷、空调、水管道强度试验、严密性试验记录
4隐蔽工程验收记录
5制冷设备运行调试记录
6通风、空调系统调试记录
7施工记录
8检验批、分项、分部(子分部)工程质量验收记录
9
1电梯土建布置图纸会审、设计变更、洽商记录
2设备出厂合格证书及开箱检验记录
3隐蔽工程验收记录
4施工记录
5接地、绝缘电阻测试记录
6负荷试验、安全装置检查记录
7分项、分部(子分部)工程质量验收记录
8
结论:总监理工程师:施工单位项目经理:(建设单位项目负责人)
年月日年月日
+ +附表A.0.4 + +单位(子单位)工程安全和功能检验 + +资料核查及主要功能抽查记录 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
工程名称施工单位
序号项目安全和功能检查项目份数核查意见抽查结果核查(抽查)人
1建筑与结构屋面淋水试验记录
2地下室防水效果检查记录
3有防水要求的地面蓄水试验记录
4建筑物垂直度、标高、全高测量记录
5抽气(风)道检查记录
6幕墙及外窗气密性、水密性、耐风压检测报告
7建筑物沉降观测测量记录
8节能、保温测试记录
+ + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00094.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00094.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c541cb65a801dc3213e257aeacab16d5a985b322 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00094.md @@ -0,0 +1,199 @@ +
9 室内环境检测报告
10
1 给排水与采暖 给水管道通水试验记录
2 暖气管道、散热器压力试验记录
3 卫生器具满水试验记录
4 消防管道、燃气管道压力试验记录
5 排水干道通球试验记录
6
1 建筑电气 照明全负荷试验记录
2 大型灯具牢固性试验记录
3 避雷接地电阻测试记录
4 线路、插座、开关接地检验记录
5
1 智能建筑 系统试运行记录
2 系统电源及接地检测报告
3
1 通风与空调 通风、空调系统试运行记录
2 风量、温度测试记录
3 洁净室洁净度测试记录
4 制冷机组试运行调试记录
5
1 电梯 电梯运行记录
2 电梯安全装置检测报告
结论:
施工单位项目经理: 总监理工程师(建设单位项目负责人):
年月 日 年月 日
+ +注:抽查项目由验收组协商确定 + +单位(子单位)工程观感质量检查记录 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
工程名称施工单位
序号项目抽查质量状况质量评价
一般
1建筑与结构室外墙面
2变形缝
3水落管、屋面
4室内墙面
5室内顶棚
6室内地面
7楼梯、踏步、护栏
8门窗
1给排水管道接口、坡度、支架
2卫生器具、支架、阀门
+ + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00095.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00095.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..071507d55b3e1309f4dc6487c4c9207f64c81e0b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00095.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
施测部位施测日期
测量仪器及编号检定日期
施测人复核人
测量复核情况(简图)
检查结论项目专业技术负责人:

年 月 日
验收结论总监理工程师:
(建设单位项目专业技术负责人)

年 月 日
diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00096.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00096.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..669848506602f826da45a4534dbcf60467879a5d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00096.md @@ -0,0 +1,143 @@ +## 钢筋力学性能检验报告 + +质控(建)表4.1.3.1-1 + +共 页 第 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
工程名称报告编号
委托单位委托编号委托日期
施工单位钢材种类检验日期
结构部位牌号报告日期
见证单位见证人证书编号检验性质
样品编号公称直径
[mm]
屈服强度
$R_{el}$
(MPa)
抗拉强度
$R_m$
(MPa)
伸长率
(%)
冷弯重量偏差比重生产厂别代表数量
(t)
出厂合格
证编号
弯心直径
(mm)
弯曲角度
(°)
结果$R_m/R_{el}$$R_{el}/R_{ebk}$
检验依据检测仪器仪器名称:

检定证书编号:
结论编号:      试样:
编号:      试样:
备注
+ +批准: 审核: 校核: 检验: + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00097.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00097.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..149321b1907aa68325616de66c2ccff231d804bf --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00097.md @@ -0,0 +1,124 @@ +## 质控(建)表4.1.3.1-2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
工程名称报告编号
委托单位钢材级别委托日期
施工单位委托编号检验日期
结构部位牌号报告日期
见证单位见证人证书编号检验性质
样品编号试样方向型材厚度(直径(m)屈服
强度OS
(MPa)
极限强度ab
(MPa)
伸长率(%)冷弯厂别规格代表数量(t)出厂合格
证编号
弯心直径(mm)弯曲角度
(°)
结果
检验依据检验仪器仪器名称: 检定证书编号:
结论编号: 试样:
编号: 试样:
编号: 试样:
备注
+ +批准: + +审核: + +校核: + +检验: + + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00098.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00098.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c36b9e098bfb229223944644f0dbbaf846780a1e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00098.md @@ -0,0 +1,149 @@ +质控(建)表4.1.3.1-4 + +共 页 第 页 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
工程名称报告编号
施工单位结构部位委托编号送检日期
委托单位母材力学性能报告编号代表数量试验编号试验日期
冷加工单位母材合格证编号检验性质出厂合格证编号报告日期
见证单位见证人见证人证书编号
序号钢丝级别直径
(mm)
抗拉强度 ($\sigma_b$)伸长率 (%)$180^\circ$反复弯曲次数备注
Ⅰ 组
(MPa)
Ⅱ 组
(MPa)
$\delta_{100}$
检验依据检验仪器仪器名称:
检定证书编号:
结论
备注
+ +批准: + +审核: + +校核: + +检验: + + + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00099.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00099.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c237c511b652cbe1c333d0ff7cb5f45c21830d27 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00099.md @@ -0,0 +1,130 @@ +质控(建)表4.1.3.1-5 + +共 页 第 页 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
工程名称报告编号
施工单位钢筋厂别委托编号送检日期
委托单位检验性质样品编号试验日期
结构部位种类级别出厂合格证编号报告日期
见证单位见证人见证编号
序号公称直径(mm )屈服强度σP0.2
(MPa)
极限强度σb
(MPa)
伸长率(%)弯曲检验实测强度比值母材力学性能检验编号母材合格证编号代表数量
(t)
δ10δ100弯曲直径(mm)弯曲角度e)结果$σ_b/σp_{0.2}$$σP_{02}/σ_{0k}$
检验依据检验仪器仪器名称: 检定证书编号:
结论
备注
+ +批准: + +审核: + +校核: + +检验: + + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00100.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00100.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b7081630e1333e97c42ad63cce249321ffe07799 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_form_receipt_00100.md @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
100~499卷抽3 卷,100卷以下抽2 卷,进行规格尺寸和外观质量检验。在外观质量检验合格的卷材中,任取一卷作物理性能检验缺边,每卷卷材的接头
2高聚物改性沥青防水
卷材
同1孔洞、缺边、裂口,边缘不整齐,胎体露白、未浸透,撒布材料粒度、颜色,每卷卷材的接头拉力,最大拉力时延伸率,耐热度,低温柔度,不透水性
3合成高分子防水卷材同1折痕,杂质,胶块,凹痕,每卷卷材的接头断裂拉伸强度,扯断伸长率,低温弯折,不透水性
4石油沥青同一批至少抽一次-针入度,延度,软化点
5沥青玛蹄脂每工作班至少抽一次-耐热度,柔韧性,粘结力
6高聚物改性沥青防水涂料每10t 为一批,不足10t 按一批抽样包装完好无损,且标明涂料名称、生产日期、生产厂名、产品有效期;无沉淀、凝胶、分层固体含量,耐热度,柔性,不透水性,延伸率
7合成高分子防水涂料同6包装完好无损,且标明涂料名称、生产日期、生产厂名、产品有效期固体含量,拉伸强度,断裂,延伸率,柔性,不透水性
8胎体增强
材料
每3000 ㎡为一批,不足3000 ㎡按一批抽样均匀,无团状,平整,无折皱拉力,延伸率
9改性石油沥青密封材料每2t 为一批,不足2t 按一批抽样黑色均匀膏状,无结块和未浸透的填料耐热度,低温柔性,拉伸粘结性,施工度
1
0
合成高分子密封材料每化为一批,不足1t 按一批抽样均匀膏状物,无结皮、凝胶或不易分散的固体团状拉伸粘结性,柔性
11平瓦同一批至少抽一次边缘整齐,表面光滑,不得有分层、裂纹、露砂-
1
2
油毡瓦同一批至少抽一次边缘整齐,切槽清晰,厚薄均匀,表面无孔洞、路伤、裂纹、折皱及起泡耐热度,柔度
1
3
金属板材同一批至少抽一次边缘整齐,表面光滑,色泽均匀,外形规则,不得有扭翘、脱膜、锈蚀-
1
4
高分子防水材料止水带每月同标记的止水带产量为一批抽样尺寸公差;开裂,缺胶,海绵状,中心孔偏心;凹痕,气泡,杂质,明疤拉伸强度,扯断伸长率,撕裂强度
15高分子防水材料遇水 膨胀橡胶每月同标记的膨胀橡胶产量为一批样尺寸公差;开裂,缺胶,海绵状;凹痕,气泡,杂质,明绝拉伸强度,扯断伸长率,体积膨胀率
+ +## Ⅱ 核查办法 + +(1)核查防水材料检验报告的检验项目是否齐全,结论是否正确。 + +(2)核查出厂合格证、检验报告中的各项物理性能指标是否符合相关规范和标准的要求。如单项检验项目不合格,是否有复检及处理办法等。 + +(3) 核查是否按批取样,取样批量之和是否与实际用量相符。 + +(4)核查所选用的防水材料是否符合《屋面工程质量验收规范》GB50207和《地下防水工程质量验收规范》GB50208要求的防水等级和设防要求。 + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00001.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00001.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f599e2184192e7e3997ea7ec39088fe469dec2a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00001.md @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +## Switching diode + +$_•$Applications + +High speed switching + +$_•$Features + +1 ) Small surface mounting type. + +2 ) High Speed.(trr =1.2ns Typ.) + +3 ) High reliability with high surge current handling capability. + +4 ) We declare that the material of product compliance with RoHS requirements. + +5 ) S- Prefix for Automotive and Other Applications Requiring Unique Site and Control Change Requirements; AEC-Q101 Qualified and PPAP Capable. + +$_•$Construction + +Silicon epitaxial planar + + + +$_•$Device Marking and Ordering Information + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
DeviceMarkingShipping
L1SS355T1G
S-L1SS355T1G
5D3000/Tape&Reel
L1SS355T3G
S-L1SS355T3G
5010000/Tape&Reel
+ +$_•$Absolute maximum ratings (Ta=25°C) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
ParameterSymbolLimitsUnit
Peak reverse valtageVia90V
DC reverse vollageVn80V
Peak forward ourrentIr225mA
Mean rectitying currentlo100mA
Surge current(1s)lage500mA
Junction temperatureT150°C
Storage temperatureTstg-55-150-C
+ +$_•$Electrical characteristics (Ta=25°C) + +
ParameterSymbolMn.Typ.Max.UntConditons
Forward voltage$\text{V}_{\text{F}}$--1.2Vk=100mA
Reverse current$\text{I}_{\text{R}}$--0.1μAVn-80V
Capacitance between terminals$\text{C}_{\text{T}}$--3.0pFVa=0.5V,f=1MHz
Reverse recovery time$\text{I}_{\text{t}}$--4nsVn=6V,Ir=10mA,RL=100Ω
diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00002.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00002.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..775f4c5e7df0fe6f142eccffc2f0a6d6dc12c8ea --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00002.md @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +## INTRODUCTION + +• Complies with IEC60384-14 + +• Single Layer AC Disc Safety Capacitor + +• Coated with flame-retardant epoxy resin + +(conforming to UL94V-0) + +• Lead with tin plated copper wire, inert metal copper or silver as a coating after the electrode, see diagram + +• Halogen-free available + + + +## RECOGNITIONS: made for RFE by UL/VDE/CQC shop Welson + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Approved monogramCountryStandardsRated VoltageCertification Number
KL (X1Y2)WD(X1Y1)KL(X1Y2)WD(X1Y1)
USAUL 60384-14X1: 500VacY2: 500VacX1:750VacY1:500VacE104572
Canada
GermanyEN60384-14 (0665-1-1): 2014-04 EN60384-14: 2013-06 IEC 60384-14 ed. 4X1: 440VacY2: 300VacX1:650VacY1:500Vac400161564016157
KoreaKC60384-14/KC60384-1250Vac9209004-170028203004-17601
ChinaGB/T 6346.14-2015X1:400VacY2:250VacX1:400VacY1:250VacCQCG001008350CQC03001006379
+ +## ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CharacteristicsWD type (X1 Y1)KL type (X1 Y2)
Capacitance range1pF to 0.01uF1pF to 0.015uF
Rated voltageX1:760/660/400Vac;(1500 Vdc)Y1:500/250Vac;(1500 Vdc)X1: 500/440/400Vac;Y2: 500/300/250Vac
Dielectric strength4000Vac (50Hz-60Hz, 50mA max.) for 1 minute.2500Vac (50Hz-60Hz, 50mA max.) for 1 minute.
Capacitance (CR)Within the specified tolerance.Y5P, Y5U, Y5V, X7R measured at 1kHz±20%
C0G, SL measured at 1MHz±20%Both are 1Vrms, 25
Dissipation Factor (tanδ) or Q ValueSL and C0G:Q ≥ 400+20Cr (Cr < 30pF)Q ≥ 1000 (Cr ≥ 30pF)Y5P,Y5U,X7R:tan$\delta$:0.025 maxY5V:tan$\delta$:0.050 max
Measured condition see "Capacitance"
Insulation resistance10,000MΩ minimum at 500VDC for 1 minute.
Operating temperature-55°C to 125°C
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00003.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00003.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c6f978edc2aa31df35e090f711b5463e7d57d9a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00003.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +## CAPACITANCE CHART + + + + + + + + +
ClassX1 Y2 (KL Type)X1 Y1 (WD Type)
Capacitance(pF)\DielectricCOG
(CI)
SL
(B)
Y5P
(B)
X7R
(D)
Y5U
(E)
Y5V
(F)
COG
(CI)
SL
(B)
Y5P
(B)
X7R
(D)
Y5U
(E)
Y5V
(F)
1, 1.5, 2.2, 3.3GGGGGG
4.7GGGJJI
5.6GGGGJJII
6.8JJIKKJ
10JGIGKGJJ
15GIGGJJ
18GIGGJJ--
20GIGGJJ--
22GIGGJJ--
27JIGGJK--
30JIGGJK--
33JIGLKK--
36JIGLKK--
39JIGLKK--
47JIGLKK--
56KGGKKG-
68KGGKKG
82KGGKKG
100GGKKG
120GGKKG
150GGKKG
180GGKKG
220GGKKG
270GGKKGG
330GGEKKGG
390JIEKLGG
470JIEELLIG
560JIEELLIG
680JIEENNIG
820JJEENNIG
860JJEEOOKI
1000LJGGRRKJ
1200LMGGRRLJ
1500NMIIRRLJ
1800NIILK
2000OJILK
2200JIML
3000LJOM
3300LJOM
3600MKQM
3900MKQN
4700NL★QN
5600OL★SQ
6800OMSR
8200RNUR
8600SN
10000SO
15000UQ
Lead Spacing (F)5.0 & 7.5 & 10.07.5 & 10.0
Thickness (T) (±1.0mm)6.0mm6.0mm
Capacitance ToleranceBelow 10pF: ±0.25pF or ±0.50pF; 10pF-100pF: ±5% or ±10%; Over 100pF: ±10% or 20%
CoatingEpoxy Resin (UL94V-0)
Body ColorBlue
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CodeEGIJKLL★MNOQRSTU
Diameter (D) max.7mm8mm9mm10mm11mm12mm13mm14mm15mm16mm19mm20mm22mm25mm28mm
diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00004.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00004.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43def0954b189d43eb186e2b1344fef2cb9fd4f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00004.md @@ -0,0 +1,129 @@ +## HOW TO ORDER + + + +1. Type Code: KL class X1-Y2 ; WD class X1-Y1 + +2. Temperature Characteristic: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CodeTemp.
Coefficient
CodeTemp.
Coefficient
CodeTemp.
Coefficient
CCOGBY5PEY5U
SSLXX7RFY5V
+ +3. Capacitance Code: + +Expressed by three-digit alphanumeric. The unit is pico-farad (pF). The first and second figures are significant digits, and the third figure expresses the number of zeros which follow the two numbers. If there is a decimal point in between first two figures, it is expressed by the capital letter "R". See below examples: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CodeCapacitanceCodeCapacitanceCodeCapacitance
5R15.1 pF10010pF4724700 pF
8RO8 pF101100 pF1030.1uF
+ +4. Capacitance Tolerance Code + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CodeToleranceCodeToleranceCodeTolerance
C±0.25pFJ±5%M±20%
D±0.50pFK±10%Z+80/-20%
+ +5. Minimum Test Voltage (AC) : X1Y2 = AC2K5, X1Y1 = AC4KV + +6. Lead Spacing (F) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CodeLead spacing (F)CodeLead spacing (F)
55.0±0.8mm77.5±0.8mm
66.35±0.8mm1010.0±0.8mm
+ +7. Lead style + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CodeSYXWZ
Lead Style
+ +8. Lead length & package style: + +Omitted for un-cut bulk pack or Code L + +5 = 5+/-1mm, bulk pack, 6 = 6+/-1mm ... etc. (cut leads only available in bulk pack) + +A = Taped & Ammo pack, R = Taped & on Reel diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00005.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00005.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..607979a83c0e492d1da782e39035659b5b312736 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00005.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +## TAPING SPECIFICATION + +Lead spacing (F): 5mm + + + +Lead spacing (F): 7.5mm + + + +Lead spacing (F): 10.0mm + + + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00006.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00006.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0eb18a4569dcb1bec7bcf594a6fb573eba2a7264 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00006.md @@ -0,0 +1,152 @@ +## SPECIFICATION AND TEST METHOD (continue...) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
No.ItemSpecificationTesting Method
8Solderability of LeadsLead wire should be soldered with uniform coating on the axial direction over 3/4 of the circumferential direction.The lead wire of a capacitor should be dipped into molten solder for 2±0.5 sec. The depth of immersion is up to about 1.5 to 2.0mm from the root of lead wires.
Temp. of solder:
Lead Free Solder (Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu) 245±5℃; H63 Eutectic Solder (Pb37/Sn63) 235±5℃
9Soldering Effect (Non-Preheat)AppearanceNo marked defectThe lead wires should be immersed in solder of 350±10℃ or 260±5℃ up to 1.5mm to 2.0mm from the root of terminal for 3.5±0.5 sec, (10±1 sec for 260±5℃)

Pre-treatment: Capacitor should be stored at 85±2℃ for 1 hr., and then placed at room condition for 24±2 hrs. before initial measurements.
Post-treatment: Capacitor should be stored for 1 to 2 hrs. at room condition.
Capacitance changeC,S: ±5% or 1pF, whichever is larger
B: ±10%
X,E,F: ±20%
I.R.1,000MΩ min
Dielectric StrengthPer Item 6
10Soldering Effect (On-Preheat)AppearanceNo marked defectCapacitor should be stored at 120+0/-5℃ for 60+0/-5 sec. The lead wires should be immersed in solder of 260±5℃ up to 1.5mm to 2.0mm from the root of terminal for 7.5+0/-1 sec.
Pre-treatment and Post-treatment: see per Item 9
Capacitance changeC,S: ±5% or 1pF, whichever is larger
B: ±10%
X,E,F: ±20%
I.R.1,000MΩ min
Dielectric StrengthPer Item 6
11Vibration ResistanceAppearanceNo marked defectThe capacitor should be firmly soldered to the supporting lead wire and vibrated at a frequency range of 10Hz to 55Hz, 1.5mm in total amplitude, with about a 1 minute rate of vibration change from 10Hz to 55Hz and back to 10Hz. Apply for a total of 6 hrs. 2 hrs each in 3 mutually perpendicular directions.
CapacitanceWithin the specified tolerance
tan δ or QPer Item 4
12Humidity (Under Steady State)AppearanceNo marked defectSet the capacitor for 500±12 hrs., at 40±2℃ in 90 to 95% relative humidity.
Post-treatment:
Capacitor should be stored for 1 to 2 hrs. at room condition.
Capacitance changeC: Within ±2.5%
S: Within ±5%
X,B,E: Within ±10%
F: Within ±15%
tan δ or Q + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CharSpecification
C,SQ≥350 (C≥30pF); Q≥275+5/2C (C<30pF)
X,B,Etan δ: 0.050 max.
Ftan δ: 0.075 max. +tan δ: 0.075 max.
I.R.3,000MΩ min
Dielectric StrengthPer Item 6
13Humidity LoadingAppearanceNo marked defectApply the rated voltage for 500±12 hrs, at 40±2℃ in 90 to 96% relative humidity.
Post-treatment:
Capacitor should be stored for 1 to 2 hrs. at room condition.
Capacitance changeC: Within ±2.5%
S: Within ±5%
X,B,E: Within ±10%
F: Within ±15%
tan δ or Q + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Char.Specification
C,SQ≥350 (C≥30pF); Q≥275+5/2C (C<30pF)
X,B,Etan δ: 0.050 max.
Ftan δ: 0.075 max.
I.R.3,000MΩ min
Dielectric StrengthPer Item 6
+ + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00007.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00007.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a92dffd916961459b234117029925c1b7a6ae2d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00007.md @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +## SPECIFICATION AND TEST METHOD (continue...) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
No.ItemSpecificationTesting Method
14Lile TestAppearanceNo marked defectImpulse Voltage:
Each individual capactor should be subjected to a 5kV
(Type XTY1: BKV) impulses for three times.After the capacitors are appled to ife test. +Apply a vollage of Table 4 for 1000 hrs. at 125+21-0C.and relative Humidty of 50% max.;
<Table 4> + + + + + + +
Applied Vollage
AC425V(r.m.s.)except that once each hour the +Voltage is increased to AC1000V (r.m.s.) for 0.1 sec.

Post-treatment:
Capacitor should be stored for 1 to 2 hrs, at room condition
Capactance changeC:Within ±2.5%
S:Within ±5%
X.B.E:Within±10%
F:Within±15%
IR.3000MQ min
Dielectric
Strength
Per ltem 6
15Flame Test + + + + + + + + + + + + +
CycleTime(sec.)
1 to 430
560
The capacitor should be subjected to applied flame for 15 sec.
And then removed for 15 secuntil 5 cycles are completed.
16Robustess TerminationsTensleLead wire should not be cut off.
Capacitor should not be broken.
Fix the body of the capactor and apply a tensile
weight gradually to each leaad wire in the radial
direction of the capacitor up to 10N and keep it
for 10±1 sec.
BendingEach lead wire should be subjected to 5N weight andthen a 90°
bend,at the point of egress, in one direction, return to original
postion, and then apply a 90° bend in the opposte direction at the rate of one bend in 2 to 3 sec.
17Active FlammabiltyThe cheese-doth should not be on fireThe capacitor should be individually wrapped in at least one but
not more than two complete layers of cheese-coth.The capacitor
should not be subjected to 20 discharges.The interval between
should be
maintained for 2 minutes after the last discharge.C1,2 : 1uF ± 10%C3 : 0.33uF ± 5%, 10KV,C4 : 3uF ± 5%, 10KVCx : Capacitor under testF : Fuse, Rated 10AR : 1007 ± 5%Ur : Rated VoltageUa : Voltage applied to C1.L1 to 4 : 1.5mH ± 20%, 16A Rod core choke
18Passive FlammablityThe bumning time should not exceed 30 sec. The tissue paper should not ignite.The capacitor under test should be held in the flame in the position which best promotes buming. Each specimen should only be
exposed once to the fame.Time of exposure to flame:30 sec.
Length of flame:12±1mm
spece Gas bumer :Length 35mm min
Inside Dia.0.5±0.1mm
Tgee Outside Dia 0.9mm max.
Gas :Butane gas Purity 95% min
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00008.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00008.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..935d0685fdcec930b676131323319cbd3f24c28d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00008.md @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +## Datasheet + +Miniature self-contained photoelectric sensors in universal housing + + + +Standard Model + + + +Chemical-Resistant Model + +• Bright, visible red (640 nm) light source + +• Standard models available with 4-wire 2 m (6.5 ft) or 9 m (30 ft) cable or 3 or 4-wire 150 mm (6 in) pigtail with Pico-style M8 threaded connector + +• Solid-state, bipolar outputs: one current sourcing (PNP) and one current sinking (NPN) standard on 4-wire models + +• Single output solid-state PNP or NPN standard on Q3 models + +• Light Operate (L.O.) or Dark Operate (D.O.), depending on model + +• Models available with PFA chemical-resistant jacket (1200 psi washdown rated) for use in harsh environments + +• Compact 8 mm (0.31 in) housing mounts almost anywhere + +• Crosstalk avoidance circuitry for applications with multiple sensors + +• LED status indicators for Power ON, Output Overload, Signal Received, and Marginal Signal + +• Models with black housing are available + +## WARNING: + +• Do not use this device for personnel protection + +• Using this device for personal protection could result in serious injury or death. + +• This device does not include the self-checking redundant circuitry necessary to allow its use in personnel safety applications. A device failure or malfunction can cause either an energized (on) or de-energized (off) output condition. + +## Chemical-Resistant Models + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Sensing ModeModel12RangeOutput
640 nm Visible RedQ126ECR1.5m(4.91)N/A

Enective Beam:5.7 mm (0.22 in)
Q12AB6RCRBipolar LO
Q12RB6RCRBipolar DO
Performance based on use of 90% reflectance white test card.

640 nm Viable Rad
Q12AB6FF15CR13 mm(0.5 in) cutoff;
8mm(0.3i
focus
Bipolar LO
Q12RB6FF15CRBipolar DO
Q12AB6FF30CR28mm(1.1 in) cutoff;
14 mm (0.6 in) tocus
Bipolar LO
Q12RB6FF30CRBipolar DO
Q12AB6FF50CR48 mm(1.9 inj cutoft;
14mm (0.6 in) focus
Bipolar LO
Q12RB6FF50CRBipolar DO
+ +1 Only standard 2 m (6.5 ft) cables are available for chemical-resistant models. + +2 To order the black housing model, add the prefix D to the model number, for example, DQ12AB6FF15CR. + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00009.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00009.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a809ae7e1d8e935264d42436cef55c9896548ecd --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00009.md @@ -0,0 +1,153 @@ +## Standard Models + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Sensing ModeModel³RangeConnectionOutput
640 nm Visible RedQ126E (emitter)2m
(6.5m
2m B.5f cableN/A

OPPOSED
Effective Beam:5.7 mm (0.22 r)
Q12AB6R2m.5 的 cableBipolar LO
Q12RB6RBipolar DO
Q12AP6RQ3150 mm 16 in) cable with a 3-pin MB/Pico-style QD1 PNP LO
Q12RP6RQ31PNP DO
Q12ANERQ31 NPN LO
Q12RNERQ31 NPN DO

POLAR RETRO
640 nm Visibie Red
Q12AB6LP1m(40in)⁴2m[6.5m cableBipelar LO
Q12RB6LPBipolar DO
Q12APGLPQ3150 mm (5 in) cabl with a 3-pin M8/Pico-style QD1 PNP LO
Q12RP6LPQ31 PNP DO
Q12AN6LPQ31 NPN LO
Q12RNSLPQ31 NPN DO

RETRO
640 nm Visible Red
Q12ABBLV1.5m
(59im)
2m85.5f cableBipolar LO
Q12RB6LVBipolar DO
Q12AP6LVQ3150 mm (6 in) cable with a 3-pin MB/Plco-style QD1 PNP LO
Q12RP6LVQ31PNPD0
Q12AN6LVQ31 NPN LO
Q12RNELVQ31 NPN DO
Performance based on use of 90% reflectance white test card.

640 nm Visible Rad
Q12AB6FF1515mm(0.6m)
cutoff;
10mm(0.4
focus
2m{6.5f cableBipelar LO
Q12RB6FF15Bipolar DO
Q12AP6FF15Q3150 mm (6 in) cable with a 3-pin M8/Plco-style QD1 PNP LO
Q12RP6FF16Q31PNP DO
Q12AN6FF15Q31 NPN LO
Q12RN6FF15Q31 NPN DO
Q12AB6FF3030mm(1.2k)
cutoff;
16mm(0.63 in) focus
2m15.5 用 cableBipolar LO
Q12RB6FF30Bipolar DO
Q12AP6FF30Q3150mm(6 in) cable with a 3-pin MB/Plco-style QD1 PNP LO
Q12RP6FF30Q31 PNP DO
Q12AN6FF30Q31NPN LO
Q12RN6FF30Q31 NPN D0
Q12AB6FF5050mm(2
cutoft:16mm (0.63 in) focus
2m6.5f cableBipelar LO
Q12RB6FF50Bipolar DO
Q12AP6FF50Q3150 mm (6 in) cable with a 3-pin M8/Plco-style QD1 PNP LO
Q12RP6FF50Q31PNP DO
Q12AN6FF50Q31 NPN LO
Q12RN6FF50Q31 NPN DO
+ +3 •To order the black housing model, add the prefix D to the model number, for example DQ12AB8FF15. +•To order the 9 m (30 ft) cable model, add the suffix W/30 to the model number. For example, Q126E W/30. +•To order the 150 mm (6 in) cable with a 4-pin M8/Pico-style (M8 threaded) QD model, add the suffix Q to the model number. For example, Q126EQ. +•To order the 150 mm (6 in) cable with a 4-pin M12/Euro-style QD model, add the suffix Q5 to the model number. For example Q126EQ5. +4 Retroreflective range is specified using one model BRT-60X40C retroreflector. Actual sensing range may be more or less than specified, depending upon efficiency and reflective area of the retroreflector(s) used. + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00010.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00010.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bd056f9d6d5606a43eba4dc4c89e1fc808f86d9c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00010.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +## Indicator Features + + + +1 - Amber and green LEDs + +• Green on: power to sensor is on + +• Green flashing: output is overloaded + +• Amber on: received signal + +• Amber flashing: marginal signal + +Chemical-Resistant models: LEDs are visible through translucent PFA jacket. Rated to 1200 psi washdown. + +## Wiring + +Cabled wiring diagrams are shown. Connections for QD models are functionally identical. (Emitters have no connection to black and white.) + + + +CAUTION: Observe proper ESD precautions (grounding) when connecting QD models. + + + +## Specifications + +Supply Voltage and Current + +10 to 30 V dc (10% maximum ripple) at 20 mA maximum current + +Sensing Beam + +640 nm visible red + +Supply Protection Circuit + +Protected against reverse polarity and transient voltages + +Output Configuration + +Bipolar (1 NPN and 1 PNP) solid-state output or Single output (PNP or NPN), LO or DO, depending on model + +Repeatability + +175 microseconds + +Switching Frequency + +Opposed Mode: 385 Hz + +All Other Modes: 715 Hz + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00011.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00011.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3126ce9ba05ae6fe93a01afad409b33c68fa8878 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00011.md @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +## Performance Curves - Fixed-Field + +Focus and spot sizes are typical. Performance based on use of 90% reflectance white test card.* + + + + +
Fixed Field – 15 mmFixed Field – 30 mmFixed Field – 50 mm
Standard Models:


· 0.4 mm spot size at 10 mm focus

· 0.8 mm spot size at 15 mm cutoff

Chemical-Resistant Models:


· 0.4 mm spot size at 8 mm focus

· 0.8 mm spot size at 13 mm cutoff

*Using 18% gray test card: cutoff distance will be 90% of value shown.
Using 6% black test card: cutoff distance will be 80% of value shown.
Standard Models:


· 0.5 mm spot size at 16 mm focus

· 3.0 mm spot size at 30 mm cutoff

Chemical-Resistant Models:


· 0.5 mm spot size at 14 mm focus

· 3.0 mm spot size at 28 mm cutoff

*Using 18% gray test card: cutoff distance will be 90% of value shown. Using 6% black test card: cutoff distance will be 80% of value shown.
Standard Models:


· 0.5 mm spot size at 16 mm focus

· 0.5 mm spot size at 50 mm cutoff

*Using 18% gray test card: cutoff distance will be 80% of value shown.
Using 6% black test card: cutoff distance will be 50% of value shown.

Chemical-Resistant Models:


· 0.5 mm spot size at 14 mm focus

· 0.5 mm spot size at 48 mm cutoff

*Using 18% gray test card: cutoff distance will be 70% of value shown. Using 6% black test card: cutoff distance will be 50% of value shown.
+ +## Accessories + +## Cordsets + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
3-Pin Threaded M8/Pico-Style Cordsets
ModelLengthStyleDimensionsPinout (Female)
PKG3M-22m(6.561)Straight
1 = Brown
3 = Blue
4 = Black
PKG3M4-55m(16.40 1]
PKG3M-77m(22.9710
PKG3M-99m(29.53f)
PKG3M-1010m(32.81 f)
PKW3M-22m(6.561)Right-Angle
PKW3M-55m(16.40f0)
PKW3M-99m(29.53 10)
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00012.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00012.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2259f1d0b35305e7fb82465edc96f5d0b2994121 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00012.md @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
4-Pin Threaded MB/Pico-Style Cordsets-Single Ended
ModelLengthStyleDimensionsPinout(Female)
PKG4M-22m(6.56m)Straight
1 = Brown
2 = White
3 = Blue
4 = Black
PKG4M-55m(16.4)
PKG4M-99m(29.5ft)
PKW4M-22m(6.56f)Right Angle
PKW4M-55m(16.4m)
PKW4M-99m(29.5m)
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
4-Pin Threaded M12/Euro-Style Cordsets-Single Ended
ModelLengthStyleDimensionsPinout Female)
MQDC-4061.83m 药用Straight
1 = Brown
2 White
3 = Blue
4 = Black
MQDC-4154.57m(15
MQDC-4309.14m(30m)
MQOC-45015.2m(50m)
MQDC-406RA1.83m(5ft)Right-Angle
MQDC-415RA4.57m(15)
MQDC-430RA9.14m(30f)
MQDC-450RA15.2m(50m)
+ +## Brackets + +SMBQ12T + +• Right-angle bracket + +• 20-ga. 300 series stainless steel + + + +Hole center spacing: A to B = 7.6 + +Hole size: $A = 3.5 \times 8.1$, B = 0.2 + +SMBQ12A + +• Adjustable right-angle bracelet + +• 20-ga. 300 series stainless steel + + + +Hole center spacing: A to B = 7.6 + +Hole size: $A = 3.5 \times 8.1$, B = 0.32 + +## Apertures + +Opposed-mode Q12 sensors (standard models only) may be fitted with apertures to narrow or shape the sensor's effective beam to more closely match the size or profile of the objects being sensed. A common example is the use of "line" (or "slot") type apertures to sense thread. + +Note: The use of apertures will reduce the sensing range (see table below). diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00013.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00013.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4ef244561574f29e4a32436b162a5c873a3cd57c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00013.md @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
ModelDescriptionPlecesReduced Sensor Range (Two Apertures Used)
Circular
APQ12-50.5mm(0.02 in) diameter1060mm(2.4in)
APQ12-11mm [0.04 inl diameter10190mm(7.5in)
APQ12-1.51.5 mm (0.06 in) diamater10400mm(15.7 in)
APQ12-22mm(0.08 i diameter10725 mm(28.5in)
Horicontal Siot
APQ12-5H0.5mm(0.02in)10350 mm(13.8in)
APQ12-1H1mm(0.04k10725 mm(28.5 in)
Vertical Slot
APQ12-5V0.5mm (0.02in)10450 mm(17.7ir)
APQ12-1V1mm0.04]10900 mm(35.4 in)
Protective Jacket
APQ12-454mm [0.16 in] square102000mm(78.7ir)
APKQ12Kit containing two of each aperture
aboue
18-
+ +## Banner Engineering Corp. Limited Warranty + +Banner Engineering Corp. warrants its products to be free from defects in material and workmanship for one year following the date of shipment. Banner Engineering Corp. will repair or replace, free of charge, any product of its manufacture which, at the time it is returned to the factory, is found to have been defective during the warranty period. This warranty does not cover damage or liability for misuse, abuse, or the improper application or installation of the Banner product. + +THIS LIMITED WARRANTY IS EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE), AND WHETHER ARISING UNDER COURSE OF PERFORMANCE, COURSE OF DEALING OR TRADE USAGE. + +This Warranty is exclusive and limited to repair or, at the discretion of Banner Engineering Corp., replacement. IN NO EVENT SHALL BANNER ENGINEERING CORP. BE LIABLE TO BUYER OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FOR ANY EXTRA COSTS, EXPENSES, LOSSES, LOSS OF PROFITS, OR ANY INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR SPECIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY PRODUCT DEFECT OR FROM THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT, WHETHER ARISING IN CONTRACT OR WARRANTY, STATUTE, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY, NEGLIGENCE, OR OTHERWISE. + +Banner Engineering Corp. reserves the right to change, modify or improve the design of the product without assuming any obligations or liabilities relating to any product previously manufactured by Banner Engineering Corp. Any misuse, abuse, or improper application or installation of this product or use of the product for personal protection applications when the product is identified as not intended for such purposes will void the product warranty. Any modifications to this product without prior express approval by Banner Engineering Corp will void the product warranties. All specifications published in this document are subject to change. Banner reserves the right to modify product specifications or update documentation at any time. Specifications and product information in English supersede that which is provided in any other language. For the most recent version of any documentation, refer to: + +www.damanggimawing.com + +For patent information, see www.bannerengineering.com/patents. + +## FCC Part 15 and CAN ICES-3 (B)/NMB-3(B) + +This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules and CAN ICES-3 (BJ/NMB-3JB). Operation is subject to the following two conditions: + +1. This device may not cause harmful interference, and + +2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. + +This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules and CAN ICES-3 (81/NMB-3(B)). These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: + +• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. + +• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. + +• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. + +• Consult the manufacturer. + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00014.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00014.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8a4f1b8e2486fe1d0e4e70225103309472f20974 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00014.md @@ -0,0 +1,113 @@ +## E13W2 Series + +• PECL Output Oscillators + +• 3.3V supply voltage + +• 6 pin PCB SMD package + +• Stability to 20ppm + +• Output Enable/Disable available + +• Complementary Output available + +• Available on Tape and Reel + + + +NOTES + + + +## ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Frequency Range19.440MHz to 250.000MHz
Operating Temperature Range0℃ to 70℃
Avallable at Frequencles≤212.500MHz-40℃ to 85℃
Storage Temperature Range-55°℃ to 125℃
Supply Voltage(Va)3.3Vc±5%
Input Current75mA Maximum
Logic Type100KH
Frequency Tolerance/StabilityInclusive of all conditions:Calibration Tolerance
at 25C,Frequency Stability over the Operating
Temperature Range,Supply Voltage Change,
Output Load Change,Aging,Shock,and Vibration
±100ppm,±50ppm,±25ppm,or
±20ppm Maximum
Output Voltage Logic High (Vou)Vc-1.025VMinimum
Output Voltage Logic Low(Vo.)Va-1.620VMaximum
Rise Time/Fall Time20% to 80% of waveform2 nSeconds Maximum
Duty Cycleat 50% of waveform50±10(%)
50±5(%)
Load Drive Capability500hms into Vc-2.0Voc
Logic Control/Additional OutputNo Connect,Enable/Disable,
Complementary Output,or
Complementary Output and Enable/Disable
Enable/Disable Input VoltageVn ofVa-1.475VMaximumEnables Output
No ConnectionEnables Output
Vaof V-1.165VMinimumDisables Output:Logic Low
Disables Complementary Output:Logic High
Start Up Time10 mSeconds Maximum
RMS Phase JitterFJ-12kHz to 20MHz1 pSec Maximum
+ +
MANUFACTURERCATEGORYSERIESPACKAGEVOLTAGECLASSREV_DATE
ECLIPTEK CORP.OSCILLATORE13W26-PCB3.3V05J603/02
+ + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00015.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00015.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cf5de80b68a54ee1cf03259a90a3d450bc70f14c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00015.md @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +## Color Registration Mark: Incandescent + +## E3ML + +## Color Registration Mark Sensor Offers High-Speed Detection + +■ 20 microsecond response time ideal for printing and packaging equipment + +■ 99-step sensitivity adjustment and incandescent light source assure accurate detection of minute color differences + +■ Fiber-optic versions available for sensing in confined spaces + +■ Optional filters improve detection of certain colors + + + +## Ordering Information. + +## ■ SENSORS + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Method of detectionDiffuse reflectiveFiber-optic
Sensing distance8 mm;6 to 10mm
(0.30 in:0.24 to 0.39 in)
20mm;16 to 24 mm
(0.79 in;0.63 to 0.94 in)
See Fiber-Optic Cables below
Part numberNPN outputE3ML-M8E4-GE3ML-S2E4-GE3ML-XE4-G
PNP outputE3ML-M8F4-GE3ML-S2F4-GE3ML-XF4-G
+ +## ■ FIBER-OPTIC CABLES + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Method of detectionThrough-beamDiffuse reflective
Sensing distance10 mm;0 to 10mm
(0.39 in; 0 to 0.39 in)
0.5mm:0.2 to 2 mm
(0.02 in;0.008 to 0.08 in)
1.2mm;0.5 to 4mm
(0.05 in:0.02 to 0.16 in)
DescriptionStraight cable
50 cm(1.64 ft) with
M4 threaded head
Bendable probe
1.5mm dia.x80mm L
(0.059 x3.15 in)
Straight cable
50cm(1.64f)with
M4 threaded head
Required sensorE3ML-XE4-G or E3ML-XF4-G
Part numberE32-TB50E32-DB8E32-DB50
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00016.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00016.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9380f4856c00d7075ac3fb06a8e092e0f42495c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00016.md @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +## ■ ACCESORIES + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
DesoriptionPart number
ControllerProvides power source for lamp and switch circuit; relay and NPN transistor outputs;ON-delay,OFF-delay and one-shot timing functions;ON/OFF and
AND gate logic functions.Includes mounting socket.
S3M-L10-US-AC120
Color fitersYellow;improves detection of green marks on blue backgroundsE3ML-ZF1
Orange; improves detection of red marks on blue backgroundsE3ML-ZF2
Red; improves detection of red marks on green backgroundsE3ML-ZF3
Mounting track
for controller socket
DIN rail, 50 cm(1.64 t) lengthPFP-50N
DIN rail,1 m (3.28 ft) lengthPFP-100N
End platePFP-M
+ +## ■ REPLACEMENT PARTS + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
DescriptionPart number
Incandescent light bulbFilament perpendicular to bulb axis
(optional bulb) 💡
E3ML-ZLB
Filament parafel to bulb axis
(supplied with all E3ML sensors) 💡
E3ML-ZLA
Desiccator cellPrevents moisture from collecting inside the sensorE3ML-ZK
LensFor E3ML-MB☐4-G sensors,8 mmE3ML-ZHM8
For E3ML-S2☐4-G sensors,20 mmE3ML-ZHS2
SocketFor S3M-L10-US-AC120 controller (supplied with controller)14PFA
RelayFor S3M-L10-US-AC120 controller (supplied with controller)G2R-1-S-DC12
diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00017.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00017.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e674238a4170ec5745cb45ed2df0285f5f063838 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00017.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Model selector
switch position
Timing chart
+ One-Shot with E3ML sensor alone

+ +
+ +
+ One-Shot with AND operation(E3ML and another sensor)

+ +
+ +
+ +## ■ CONTROLLER MAINTENANCE + +## Relay Replacement + +The S3M controller uses a replaceable SPDT relay. Follow this procedure to replace the relay: + +1. Remove the controller from its socket. + +2. Remove the light gray controller cover by first inserting from the bottom a small flat-blade screwdriver into the two slots between the black base and the cover. Then, while holding the cover in one hand, push on the face of the controller + +with the other hand, sliding the controller out of the cover. + +3. The output relay is located on the same side as the time adjustment knob. Remove the relay by moving the top of the single hold-down clip to the side and then removing the old relay. + +4. Install the new relay, slide the cover over the controller until the detents catch, and re-install the controller into the socket. + + + +## Dimensions + +Unit: mm + +## ■ SENSORS + +## E3ML-M8□4-G + + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00018.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00018.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dbe5e73b4b34c7554ca87f52fb36f1a9543fe871 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00018.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +## E3ML-S2□4-G + + + +## E3ML-X□4-G with E32-DB8 fiber-optic probe + + + +## E3ML-X□4-G with E32-DB50 diffuse reflective type fiber-optic cable + + + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00019.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00019.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ea6877e9a78e0f37c044d7aae902315ebee71c9a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00019.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +## Specifications + +## ■ SENSORS + + + + + + +
Sensor part numberE3ML-M8C4-GE3ML-S2C4-GE3ML-XC4-G
Fiber-optic part number--E32-TB50E32-DB8E32-DB50
Method of detectionDitluse reflectiveSeparateDiffuse reflective
Supply
voltage
Circuit section10 to 30 VDC
Lamp section4.5 VAC
Power
consumption
Circuit section40mA max
Lamp section3.5VA
Sensing distance8 mm;6 to
10mm(0.31 in;
0.24 to 0.39in)
20mm:16 to
24mm(0.79m;
0.63 to 0.94 in)
10mm:0 to
10mm(0.39m;
0 to 0.39 in)
0.5mm;0.2
to 2 mm(0.02in:0.008 to 0.08 in)
1.2mm;0.5
1o 4 mm(0.05in;0.02 to0.16in)
Light sourceIncandescent bulb
Minimum detectable mark
(black mark on white paper)
1.5x4mm
(0.06x0.16i)
0.5x6mm
(0.02x0.24in)
1mm(0.04 in)
square
0.3x1.6mm
(0.01x0.06in)
0.3x3.2mm
(0.01x0.13 in)
Detectable object typeMarks on different backgroundsOpaque materialsMarks on different backgrounds
Operation modeLight-ON/Dark-ON,saitch selectable
SensitivityAdjustable
Mutual interference protectionNot provided
Control outputDC
sold-state
TypeNPN-SPST open collector with pull-up (E3ML-CCE4-G)
PNP-SPST open collector with pull-down(E3ML-C☐F4-G)
Max.load80 mA
Max.on-state
voltage drop
1 VDC
Response
time
On20 μs max.
Off20 μs max.
Repeat respons frequency10 kHZ
Circuit
protection
Output short-
circult
Provided
DC power
supply reverse polarity
Provided
IndicatorsLight Incidert(red LED)
Fiber cable style-Straight-Straight
Fiber cable length-50 cm(1.97in)-50cm(1.97i)
Sensing head-M4 threaded
head
Probe with1.5mm (0.06 in)dia
x80mm(3.15
in) stainiess steel tube
M4 threaded
head
Max.fber bending radius-5mm(0.2in)10mm(0.4m)5mm(0.2i)
Fiber flament-Plastic
MaterialsLensGlass-
CaseMetal,diecast zinc
Cable sheathPlastic
MountingSide surface with teo M5 threaded holes: front surface with four M5 threaded holes
ConnectionsPrewired6-conductor cable,4m(13.12 f) length
Weight600g(1.32 bbs) with electrical cable
Sensor
enclosure
ratings
UL-
NEMA1,4,4X,12
IEC 144IP67
Ambient
tempera-ture
OperatingFiber cable--25°to 70℃
(-13"to 158'F)
-25° to 100℃
(-13°10 212F)
-25°to 70℃
(-13"to 212"F)
Sensor-10°to 55C(14°to 131F)
StorageFiber
cable
--25°to 70℃
(-13"to 158'F)
-25°to 100℃
(-13°1o 212'F)
-25°to 70℃
(-13"to 212F)
Sensor-25°to 70℃[-13°to 158 F)
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00020.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00020.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..95eeaa128efe670bfd56d0134a834dff07fec591 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00020.md @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +## ■ SENSOR MAINTENANCE + +To ensure proper sensor performance, the incandescent light bulb should be replaced after approximately 3,000 hours of use. + +## Light Bulb Replacement + +Follow these steps to replace the light bulb and its integral mounting plate: + +1. De-energize the sensor, loosen the four screws at the back of the sensor and remove the back cover. + +2. Insert the tip of a small flat-blade screwdriver into the slot in the light bulb mounting plate and gently slide the plate out. + + + +3. Clean the new light bulb with an alcohol-dampened cloth. Make sure that there are no fingerprints or grease spots on the surface of the bulb. + +4. Install the new light bulb and mounting plate by sliding the assembly between the two spring metal contact points. + + + +5. Replace the back cover and tighten the four securing screws with a torque of 3 kgf-cm (2.6 in-lbs). Ensure that the rubber gasket has been properly positioned. + + + +6. Perform the previously explained sensitivity adjustment procedure. + +## Lens Cleaning + +Dirt and foreign matter on the lens surface should be regularly removed with a soft, lint-free cloth. + +## Desiccator Cell Replacement + +Each E3MC sensor is equipped with a screw-in desiccator cell which absorbs moisture inside the sensor. It is located on top of the sensor. A viewing window located at the center of the cell allows the cell to be monitored for proper operation. + +A properly functioning desiccator cell will be white. A blue colored cell is fully spent and should be replaced with a new cell. A reddish colored cell can be rejuvenated: Remove the cell and bake it at 100°C (212°F) for 12 hours then reinstall the cell. + +## Controller Operation + +## ■ THEORY OF CONTROLLER OPERATION + +The S3M controller is designed to provide control functions especially for the E3ML sensor. + +4.5 VAC power source for the light bulb + +12 VDC power source for the switching circuit + +ON/OFF, AND, Latch and output timing logic + +NPN open collector solid-state and SPDT relay outputs + +E3ML, light bulb burnout alarm output + +## ■ OUTPUT CIRCUIT DIAGRAM + +S3M-L10-US-AC120 + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00021.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00021.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4221c698ba20ce4f50b113ff04a3f472ebc05d7d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00021.md @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +❒ Precision time piece in miniature ceramic package for SMD mounting. + +❒ 100% RoHS compliant and lead-free product. + +❒ Low aging. High shock and vibration resistant. + +❒ Applications include real-time clocks, battery operated devices. + + + + + +ReHS Compliant Product by Mercury +## GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Mercury Part No.X3215-32.768K-12.5P or X3215-32.768K-9P
Frequency32.768KHz
Crystal CutX-CUT
Mode of OscillationFundamental mode
Turnover Temperature$25^{\circ }C\pm 5^{\circ }C$
Frequency Tolerance at $25^{\circ }C$±20ppm max. with drive level at $0.1uW$
Frequency vs.Temperature-0.04 ppm±0.008$\mathrm {ppm}/{}^{\circ }\mathrm {C}^{2}\mathrm {r}$ax.Parabolic
Equivalent Series Resistance65 KΩ typical; 70 KΩ max. with drive level at 0.1 uW
Shunt Capacitance(Co)1.6 pF typical; $2.0pFmax.$.
Motional Capacitance (C1)3.6 fF typical
Load Capacitance(CL)9 pF or 12.5pF
Drive Level$0.1μWtypical;1$ $1.0uW$max.
Aging at $25^{\circ }C$±3 ppm/year max.
Insulation Resistance500 MΩ min. at $100V\pm 15VDC$
Packaging8 mm tape. 4 mm pitch, 180 mm reel, 3000 pcs per reel.
+ +## FREQUENCY TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTIC CURVE + + + +by calculation + +Frequency deviation at one particular temperature (Tx) with respect to the frequency at +25°C is + +$\Delta\mathrm{f}/\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{p p m}\right)=-0.04\ast\left(\mathrm{T x}-25\right)^{2}$ + +Example: at +60°C, the frequency drifts -49 ppm. + +$\Delta\mathrm{f}/\mathrm{f}(\mathrm{p p m})=-0.04*(60-25)^{2}=- 49\mathrm{p p m}$ + +## HOW TO ORDER + +
Please order either X3215-32.768K-9P or X3215-32.768K-12.5P ✍: Please specify
X321532.768K9P
①: Crystal package prefix ; ②: Frequency: 32.768 KHz ; ③: Load Capacitance (CL): 9P for 9 pF load capacitance; 12.5P for 12.5 pF load capacitance.
+ +## MERCURY www.mercury-crystal.com + +Taiwan: TEL (886)-2-2695-7099, FAX (886)-2-2695-7473, e-mail: sales-tw@mercury-crystal.com + +U.S.A.: TEL (1)-909-466-0427, FAX (1)-909-466-0762, e-mail: sales-us@mercury-crystal.com + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00022.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00022.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d776bb8df27db9be152dbf8b545c349157605e98 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00022.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +## ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Green RequirementRoHS compliant and Pb(lead) free
Operable Temperature Range$-40^{\circ }Cto+85^{\circ }C$
Storage Temperature$-55^{\circ }Cto+125^{\circ }C$
Shock±10 ppm max. Free drop 3 times from 75 cm height onto a hard wooden board.
Vibration±5 ppm max. Frequency: 10 to 60 Hz, amplitude: 1.5 mm,period:2~3 min.,duration:
2 hours each direction.
Resistance to Soldering Heat±5 ppm max. Reflow twice at $260^{\circ }\mathrm {C}$and 10 sec. max.
Temperature Cycling±10 ppm max.100 cycles of $-40^{\circ }Cto+85^{\circ }C$,30 min.soak time at each temp. extreme
High and Low Temperature
Operating Life
$\pm 7$ ppm max.at $+85^{\circ }C$for 500 hours; ±10 ppm max. at $-40^{\circ }C$for 500 hours
Highly Accelerated Stress Test$\pm 10$ppm max. $+60^{\circ }C$,90 to 95% relative humidity for 500 hours
+ +## PACKAGE DIMENSIONS AND RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN + +unit: mm + + + +## RECOMMENDED REFLOW SOLDERING PROFILE + + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00023.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00023.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..247ea4d3ab5e38a91eec43117535c72f7b759b30 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00023.md @@ -0,0 +1,178 @@ +## DS104LC + +__Inductance Range__: 1.0~100μH + + + + + + +Recommended patterns + +推奨パターン図 + + + +## FEATURES 特長 + +• 10.4mm Max. square and 4.0mm Max. height. + +• Magnetically shielded construction and low DC resistance. + +• Ideal for DC-DC converter inductor applications. + +• 10.4mm角Max.、高さ4.0mm Max. + +• 閉磁路構造、低直流抵抗 + +• 大電流対応 + +• DC-DCコンパータ用インダクタに最適 + +## STANDARD PART NUMBERS 標準品一覧 + +## TYPE DS104LC (Quantity/reel: 500 PCS) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
品番インダクタンス⁽¹⁾許容差直流抵抗⁽²⁾直流重量許容電流⁽³⁾温度上昇許容電流⁽³⁾
Part NumberInductance⁽¹⁾ (μH)Tolerance (%)DC Resistance⁽²⁾ (mΩ) Max. (Typ.)Inductance Decrease Current⁽³⁾ (A) Max. (Typ.)
ΔL/L =35%
Temperature Rise Current⁽³⁾ ΔT=40°C (A) Max. (Typ.)
B1179BS-1R0N-P31.0±305.7 (4.8)13 (17)9.5 (11)
B1179BS-1R5N-P31.5±308.1 (6.7)11 (14)8.2 (9.6)
B1179BS-2R2N-P32.2±309.4 (7.8)8.4 (11)6.9 (8.1)
B1179BS-3R3N-P33.3±3013 (10)7.3 (9.7)6.0 (7.1)
B1179BS-3R8N-P33.8±3016 (12)6.4 (8.6)5.4 (6.4)
B1179BS-5R6N-P35.6±3021 (17)5.5 (7.3)4.7 (5.5)
B1179BS-6R8N-P36.8±3024 (20)5.0 (6.7)4.1 (4.8)
B1179BS-100M-P310±2031 (26)4.2 (5.6)3.6 (4.3)
B1179BS-150M-P315±2056 (46)3.3 (4.4)2.8 (3.3)
B1179BS-220M-P322±2074 (62)2.7 (3.6)2.3 (2.7)
B1179BS-330M-P333±20100 (87)2.2 (3.0)1.8 (2.1)
B1179BS-470M-P347±20140 (120)1.9 (2.5)1.6 (1.9)
B1179BS-680M-P368±20190 (160)1.6 (2.1)1.3 (1.6)
B1179BS-101M-P3100±20290 (240)1.3 (1.7)1.1 (1.3)
+ +(1) Inductance is measured with a LCR meter 4284A (Agilent Technologies) or equivalent. + +(2) DC resistance is measured with 34420A (Agilent Technologies) or 3541(HIOKI). (Reference ambient temperature 25°C) + +(3) Maximum allowable DC current is that which causes a 35% inductance reduction from the initial value, or coil temperature to rise by $40^{\circ}$C, whichever is smaller. (Reference ambient temperature: $20^{\circ}$C) + +(1) インダクタンスはLCRメータ4284A (Agilent Technologies) または同等品により測定する。 + +(2)直流抵抗は測定器34420A(Agilent Technologies)または3541(HIOKI)と同等品により測定する。(周囲温度25℃) + +(3) 最大許容電流は、直流重畳電流を流した時インダクタンスの値が初期値より35%減少する直流電流値、または直流電流により、コイルの温度が40℃上昇の何れか小さい値。(周囲温度20℃を基準とする。) + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00024.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00024.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..68a7a6e28018eaf8b5cfa651ae10bf33347fa5c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00024.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +A.C. CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions, unless otherwise specified.) + +## Read Cycle Limits + + +
SymbolParameterX28C64-15X28C64-20X28C64-25Units
Min.Max.Min.Max.Min.Max.
tRCRead Cycle Time150200250ns
tCEChip Enable Access Time150200250ns
tAAAddress Access Time150200250ns
tOEOutput Enable Access Time7080100ns
tLZ(4)CE LOW to Active Output000ns
tOLZ(4)OE LOW to Active Output000ns
tHZ(4)CE HIGH to High Z Output505050ns
tOHZ(4)OE HIGH to High Z Output505050ns
tOHOutput Hold from Address Change000ns
+ +## Read Cycle + + + +__Notes__: (4) $t_{LZ min.}, t_{HZ}, t_{OLZ min.}$, and $t_{OHZ}$ are periodically sampled and not 100% tested. $t_{HZ }$max. and $t_{OHZ }$ max.are measured, with $C_{L} = 5\text{pF}$, from the point when $\overline{CE}$ or $\overline{OE}$ return HIGH (whichever occurs first) to the time when the outputs are no longer driven. diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00025.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00025.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ff07eff03d711dabd676cfaa9cee992a15f994b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00025.md @@ -0,0 +1,151 @@ +## WRITE CYCLE LIMITS + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
SymbolParameterMin.(7)Typ.(1)Max.Units
tWC(5)Write Cycle Time510ms
tASAddress Setup Time0ns
tAHAddress Hold Time100ns
tCSWrite Setup Time0ns
tCHWrite Hold Time0ns
tCWCE Pulse Width100ns
tOESOE HIGH Setup Time10ns
tOEHOE HIGH Hold Time10ns
tWPWE Pulse Width100ns
tWPHWE HIGH Recovery200ns
tWPH2(6)SDP WE Recovery1μs
tDVData Valid1μs
tDSData Setup50ns
tDHData Hold10ns
tDWDelay to Next Write10μs
tBLC(7)Byte Load Cycle1100μs
+ +## $\overline{WE}$ Controlled Write Cycle + + + +Notes: (5) tWC is the minimum cycle time to be allowed from the system perspective unless polling techniques are used. It is the maximum time the device requires to automatically complete the internal write operation. + +(6) $t_{WPH}$ is the normal page write operation $\overline{WE}$ recovery time. $t_{WPH2}$ is the $\overline{WE}$ recovery time needed only after the end of issuing the three-byte SDP command sequence and before writing the first byte of data to the array. Refer to Figure 6 which illustrates the $t_{WPH2}$ requirement. + +(7) For faster $t_{WC}$ and $t_{BLC}$ times, refer to X28HC64. + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00026.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00026.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b532177de460dbc445b25898328ddd0a6f94fe56 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00026.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +## DEVICE OPERATION + +## Read + +Read operations are initiated by both $\overline{OE}$ and $\overline{CE}$ LOW. The read operation is terminated by either $\overline{CE}$ or $\overline{OE}$ returning HIGH. This two line control architecture eliminates bus contention in a system environment. The data bus will be in a high impedance state when either $\overline{OE}$ or $\overline{CE}$ is HIGH. + +## Write + +Write operations are initiated when both $\overline{CE}$ and $\overline{WE}$ are LOW and $\overline{OE}$ is HIGH. The X28C64 supports both a $\overline{CE}$ and $\overline{WE}$ controlled write cycle. That is, the address is latched by the falling edge of either $\overline{CE}$ or $\overline{WE}$, whichever occurs last. Similarly, the data is latched internally by the rising edge of either $\overline{CE}$ or $\overline{WE}$, whichever occurs first. A byte write operation, once initiated, will automatically continue to completion, typically within 5ms. + +## Page Write Operation + +The page write feature of the X28C64 allows the entire memory to be written in 0.625 seconds. Page write allows two to sixty-four bytes of data to be consecutively written to the X28C64 prior to the commencement of the internal programming cycle. The host can fetch data from another device within the system during a page write operation (change the source address), but the page address ($A_6$ through $A_{12}$) for each subsequent valid write cycle to the part during this operation must be the same as the initial page address. + +The page write mode can be initiated during any write operation. Following the initial byte write cycle, the host can write an additional one to sixty-three bytes in the same manner as the first byte was written. Each successive byte load cycle, started by the $\overline{WE}$ HIGH to LOW transition, must begin within 100µs of the falling edge of the preceding $\overline{WE}$. If a subsequent $\overline{WE}$ HIGH to LOW transition is not detected within 100µs, the internal automatic programming cycle will commence. There is no page write window limitation. Effectively the page write window is infinitely wide, so long as the host continues to access the device within the byte load cycle time of 100µs. + +## Write Operation Status Bits + +The X28C64 provides the user two write operation status bits. These can be used to optimize a system write cycle time. The status bits are mapped onto the I/O bus as shown in Figure 1. + +Figure 1. Status Bit Assignment + + + +## $\overline{\text{DATA}}$ Polling I/O₇ + +The X28C64 features $\overline{DATA}$ Polling as a method to indicate to the host system that the byte write or page write cycle has completed. $\overline{DATA}$ Polling allows a simple bit test operation to determine the status of the X28C64, eliminating additional interrupt inputs or external hardware. During the internal programming cycle, any attempt to read the last byte written will produce the complement of that data on I/O7 (i.e. write data = 0xxx xxxx, read data = 1xxx xxxx). Once the programming cycle is complete, I/O7 will reflect true data. Note: If the X28C64 is in the protected state and an illegal write operation is attempted $\overline{DATA}$ Polling will not operate. + +## Toggle Bit (I/O₆) + +The X28C64 also provides another method for determining when the internal write cycle is complete. During the internal programming cycle $I/{O_6}$ will toggle from HIGH to LOW and LOW to HIGH on subsequent attempts to read the device. When the internal cycle is complete the toggling will cease and the device will be accessible for additional read or write operations. + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00027.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00027.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ffc0ecde23480e011c714c6cf05e7cd4a4afd5f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00027.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +## ORDERING INFORMATION + + + +## LIMITED WARRANTY + +Devices sold by Xicor, Inc. are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its Terms of Sale only. Xicor, Inc. makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement. Xicor, Inc. makes no warranty of merchantability or fitness for any purpose. Xicor, Inc. reserves the right to discontinue production and change specifications and prices at any time and without notice. + +Xicor, Inc. assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuitry other than circuitry embodied in a Xicor, Inc. product. No other circuits, patents, licenses are implied. + +## U.S. PATENTS + +Xicor products are covered by one or more of the following U.S. Patents: 4,263,664; 4,274,012; 4,300,212; 4,314,265; 4,326,134; 4,393,481; 4,404,475; 4,450,402; 4,486,769; 4,488,060; 4,520,461; 4,533,846; 4,599,706; 4,617,652; 4,668,932; 4,752,912; 4,829,482; 4,874,967; 4,883,976. Foreign patents and additional patents pending. + +## LIFE RELATED POLICY + +In situations where semiconductor component failure may endanger life, system designers using this product should design the system with appropriate error detection and correction, redundancy and back-up features to prevent such an occurrence. + +Xicor's products are not authorized for use in critical components in life support devices or systems. + +1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform, when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. + +2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00028.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00028.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ba8d711c9e9698b67396c61f8746fbd3eb73f3ef --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00028.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +## $\overline{\text{DATA}}$ Polling I/O₇ + +Figure 2. $\overline{DATA}$ Polling Bus Sequence + + + +Figure 3. $\overline{DATA}$ Polling Software Flow + + + +$\overline{DATA}$ Polling can effectively halve the time for writing to the X28C64. The timing diagram in Figure 2 illustrates the sequence of events on the bus. The software flow diagram in Figure 3 illustrates one method of implementing the routine. + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00029.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00029.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..526ea8d868fafb386effb8d818cda7f00c54f4e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00029.md @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +## ● Reference Data LM2902 family + + + +Fig. 85 +Input Offset Voltage – Ambient Temperature +(Vicm=0[V], VOUT=1.4[V]) + + + +Fig. 86 +Input Bias Current – Supply Voltage +$(V_{icm}=0[V], V_{OUT}=1.4[V])$ + + + +Fig. 87 +Input Bias Current – Ambient Temperature +$\{V_{icm}=0[V], V_{OUT}=1.4[V]\}$ + + + +Fig. 88 +Input Bias Current – Ambient Temperature +$\langle VCC=30[V], Vicm=28[V], VOUT=1.4[V]\rangle$ + + + +Fig. 89 +Input Offset Voltage – Common Mode Input Voltage +(VCC=5[V]) + + + +Fig. 90 +Input Offset Current – Supply Voltage +$(V_{icm}=0[V], V_{OUT}=1.4[V])$ + + + +Fig. 91 +Input Offset Current – Ambient Temperature +$\{V_{icm}=0[V], V_{OUT}=1.4[V]\}$ + + + +Fig. 92 +Large Signal Voltage Gain – Supply Voltage +(RL=2[kΩ]) + + + +Fig. 93 +Large Signal Voltage Gain +– Ambient Temperature +$(R_{L}=2[k\Omega])$ + + + +Fig. 94 +Common Mode Rejection Ratio +– Supply Voltage +(*)The data above is ability value of sample, it is not guaranteed. + + + + + +Fig. 95 +Common Mode Rejection Ratio +– Ambient Temperature + + + +Fig. 96 +Power Supply Rejection Ratio +– Ambient Temperature + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00030.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00030.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..958dc41a954d12c6aefd7347a84b0d5613cc204a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00030.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +## ● Ordering part number + + + +## SOIC8 + + + +## SOIC14 + + + +## TSSOP8 + + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00031.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00031.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0fb5782a0592d195b1f1574fd0c8eaf54b350fb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00031.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +## TSSOP14 + + + +## MSOP / VSSOP8 + + + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00032.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00032.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..081684fc534e1654c0ae1266aadac3fe88e0999f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00032.md @@ -0,0 +1,450 @@ +## OLM2904,LM2902 family (Unless otherwise specified, Vcc=+5[V]) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
ParameterSymbolTemperature rangeLimitsUnitConditionsFig. No
LM2904 familyLM2902 family
Min.Typ.Max.Min.Typ.Max.
Input Offset Voltage (*3)$V_{IO}$$25^\circ C$3737mV$V_O=1.4[V], VIC=VICR(min)$
$V_{CC}=5[V] \text{ to } MAX(*5)$
98
Full range1010
Input Offset Voltage Drift$\alpha V_{IO}$77$\mu V/^\circ C$
Input Offset Current (*3)LM2904
LM2902(*5)
$I_{IO}$$25^\circ C$250250nA$V_O=1.4[V]$98
Full range300300
LM2904V
LM2902V(*5)
$25^\circ C$250250
Full range150150
Input Offset Current Drift$\alpha I_{IO}$1010$pA/^\circ C$
Input Bias Current (*3)$I_{IB}$$25^\circ C$2025020250nA$V_O=1.4[V]$98
Full range500500
Input Common-mode Voltage Range$VICR$$25^\circ C$$V_{CC}-1.5$$V_{CC}-1.5$V$V_{CC}=5[V] \text{ to } MAX(*5)$98
Full range$V_{CC}-2.0$$V_{CC}-2.0$
High Level Output Voltage$V_{OH}$$25^\circ C$$V_{CC}-1.5$$V_{CC}-1.5$V$RL \geq 10[k\Omega]$99
LM2904
LM2902(*5)
Full range23242324$V_{CC}=MAX(*5), RL \geq 10[k\Omega]$
LM2904V
LM2902V(*5)
Full range27282728$V_{CC}=MAX(*5), RL \geq 10[k\Omega]$
Low Level Output Voltage$V_{OL}$Full range520520mV$RL \leq 10[k\Omega]$99
Large Signal Voltage Gain$AVD$$25^\circ C$2510025100V/mV$V_{CC}=15[V], V_O=1[V] \text{ to } 11[V]$
$RL \geq 2[k\Omega]$
98
Common-mode Rejection RatioLM2904
LM2902(*5)
$CMRR$$25^\circ C$50805080dB$V_{CC}=5[V] \text{ to } MAX(*5)$
$VIC=VICR(min)$
98
LM2904V
LM2902V(*5)
$25^\circ C$65806080dB
Supply Voltage Rejection RatioLM2904
LM2904V
$KSVR$$25^\circ C$6510050100dB$V_{CC}=5[V] \text{ to } MAX(*5)$98
LM2902(*5)
LM2902V(*5)
60100
Cross-talk Attenuation$VO1/VO2$$25^\circ C$120120dB$f=1[kHz] \text{ to } 20[kHz]$101
Output Current (*4)Source$25^\circ C$2030203060mA$V_{CC}=15[V], V_O=0[V]$
$VID=1[V]$
99
Full range1010
Sink$25^\circ C$10201020mA$V_{CC}=15[V], V_O=0[V]$
$VID=-1[V]$
Full range22
LM2904
LM2902(*5)
$I_O$$25^\circ C$3030$\mu A$$VO=200[mV], VID=-1[V]$
LM2904V
LM2902V(*5)
$25^\circ C$12401240$\mu A$
Supply Current (All Amps)$I_{CC}$Full range0.71.20.71.2mA$V_O=2.5[V], \text{ No Load}$99
Full range121.43$V_{CC}=MAX(*5), V_O=0.5[V]$
No Load
Slew Rate at Unity Gain$SR$$25^\circ C$0.30.5V/$\mu s$$RL=1[M\Omega], CL=30[pF], VI=\pm 10[V]$
$V_{CC}=15[V], GND=-15[V]$
99
Unity-Gain Bandwidth$B1$$25^\circ C$0.71.2MHz$RL=1[M\Omega], CL=20[pF]$
$V_{CC}=15[V], GND=-15[V]$
99
Equivalent Input Noise Voltage$Vn$$25^\circ C$4035$nV/\sqrt{Hz}$$V_{CC}=15[V], GND=-15[V]$
$RS=100[\Omega], VI=0[V], f=1[kHz]$
99
+ +(*3) Absolute value + +(*4) Under high temperature, consider the power dissipation of the IC when selecting the output current. When the output terminal is continuously shorted the output current is reduced to lower the temperature inside the IC. + +(*5) The maximum supply voltage is 26V for the LM2904DR, LM2904PW, LM2904PWR, and LM2904DQKR. The maximum supply voltage is 32V for the LM2904VQDR and LM2904VQPWR. + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00033.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00033.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..39626ea2be8763d98f5c9501451025c564f9dd2d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00033.md @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +## Data Sheet + +## 150V Input Micro Family + +## DC-DC Converter Module + +## Features + +• DC input range: 100 – 200 V + +• Encapsulated circuitry for shock and vibration resistance + +• Extended temperature range ($−55$ to $+100^{\circ}C$) + +• Input surge withstand: 250 V for 100 ms + +• DC output: 3.3 - 48 V + +• Programmable output: 10 to 110% + +• Regulation: ±0.2% no load to full load + +• Efficiency: Up to 88% + +• Maximum operating temp: $100^{\circ}$C, full load + +• Power density: up to 91 W per cubic inch + +• Height above board: 0.43 in. (10.9 mm) + +• Parallelable, with N+M fault tolerance + +• Low noise ZCS/ZVS architecture + +• RoHS Compliant (with F or G pin option) + +• Agency approvals pending + + + +Shown actual size: + +2.28 x 1.45 x 0.5 in + +57.9 x 36.8 x 12.7 mm + +## Product Overview + +These DC-DC converter modules use advanced power processing, control and packaging technologies to provide the performance, flexibility, reliability and cost effectiveness of a mature power component. + +High frequency ZCS/ZVS switching provides high power density with low noise and high efficiency. + +## Applications + +Communications, control systems, medical, instrumentation, defense and aerospace. + +## Absolute Maximum Ratings + + +
ParameterRatingUnitNotes
+In to-In voltage-0.5 to+260Vdc
PC to-In voltage-0.5 to+7.0Vdc
PR to-In voltage-0.5 to+7.0Vdc
SC to-Out voitage-0.5 to+1.5Vdc
-Sense to-Out voltage1.0Vdc
Isolation veltage
in to out3000VrmsTest vollage
in to base1500VimsTest voltage
out to base500VimsTest voltage
Operating Temperature-55 to+100M-Grade
Storage Temperature-651o+125M-Grade
Pin soldering temperature500(260)℉F(℃)<5 sec:wave solder
750(390)F(℃)<7 sec;hand solder
Mounting torque5(0.57)in-lbs(N-m)6 each
+ +## Part Numbering + +e.g. V150C12C150BL + + + +For a description of pin options, see page 9. + +Baseplate options include slotted flanges, threaded and through-hole. + +See page 10 for dimensions. + +For other package sizes and power levels, see the Mini (half size) and Maxi (full size) datasheets. + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00034.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00034.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..60387a08418d5ee55eb3defb626e0d47dedc5b2c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00034.md @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +MODULE FAMILY ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.) + +## ■ MODULE CONTROL SPECIFICATIONS + + +
ParameterMinTypMaxUnitNotes
PRIMARY SIDE (PC = Primary Control; PR = Parallel)
PC bias voltage5.505.756.00VdcPC current = 1.0 mA
current limit1.52.13.0mAPC voltage = 5.5 V
PC module disable2.32.62.9VdcMust be able to sink ≥4 mA. See Fig. 1
PC module enable delay47ms
PC module alarm0.5VavgUV, OT, module fault. See Figs. 2 and 4
PC resistance0.91.01.1See Fig. 2
PR emitter amplitude5.75.96.1VoltsPR load >30 Ω, <30 pF
PR emitter current150mA
PR receiver impedance375500625Ω25°C
PR receiver threshold2.42.52.6VoltsMinimum pulse width: 20 ns
PR drive capability12modulesWithout PR buffer amplifier
SECONDARY SIDE (SC = Secondary Control)
SC bandgap voltage1.211.231.25VdcReferenced to –Sense
SC resistance99010001010Ω
SC capacitance0.033μF
SC module alarm0VdcWith open trim; referenced to –Sense. See Fig. 6
+ +## ■ MODULE GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
ParameterMinTypMaxUnitNotes
Remote sense (total drop)0.5Vdc0.25 V per leg (senses must be closed)
Isolation test volage
in to out3000VrmsComplies with reinforced insulation requirements
in to base1500VrmsComplies with basic insulation requirements
out to base500VrmsComplies with operational insulation requirements
Isolation resistance (in to out)10M$\Omega$
Weight2.1232.5ounces
(58.7)(65.2)(71.7)(grams)
Temperature Imiting100115See Figs.2 and 4
Agency approvalscURus,TUV, CE (pending)UL60960-1, EN60950-1, CSA60950-1, IEC60950-1. With appropriate fuse in series with the +Input
+ +Note: + +Specifications are subject to change without notice. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00035.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00035.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..72e2416d32451d8ff065ead4510294a9d8adddc1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00035.md @@ -0,0 +1,337 @@ +## ■ MODULE SPECIFIC OPERATING SPECIFICATIONS + +## 3.3 Vout, 75 W (e.g. V150C3V3C75BL) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
ParameterMinTypMaxUnitNotes
Efficiency7879%Nominal input;full load;25℃
Ripple and noise94118mVp-p:Nominal input; full load; 20 MHz bandwith
Output OVP setpoint4.144.34.46Volts25℃;recycle input voltage to restart(>100 ms off)
Dissipation,standby3.33.9WaltsNo load
Load regulation±0.02±0.2%No load to full load:nominal input
Load current022.7Amps
Current limit23.126.130.7AmpsOutput voltage 95% of nominal
Short circuit current15.826.130.7AmpsOutput voltage<250 mV
+ +## 5 Vout, 100 W (e.g. V150C5C100BL) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
ParameterMinTypMaxUnitNotes
Efficiency81.282.7%Nominal input;full load;25℃
Ripple and noise180225mVp-p:Nominal input; full load;20 MHz bandwith
Output OVP setpoint6.036.256.47Voits25℃;recycle input voltage to restart(>100 ms off)
Dissipation,standby4.56.7WaltsNo load
Load regulation±0.02±0.2%No load to full load:nominal input
Load curent020Amps
Current limit20.42327AmpsOutput voltage 95% of nominal
Short circuit current142327AmpsOutput vollage <250 mV
+ +## 8 Vout, 100 W (e.g. V150C8C100BL) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
ParameterMinTypMaxUnitNotes
Efficiency82.584%Nominal input;full load;25℃
Ripple and noise140175mVp-p:Nominal input; full load; 20 MHz bandwith
Output OVP setpoint9.369.710.1Volts25℃;recycle input voltage to restart (>100 ms off)
Dissipation,standby5.37.5WattsNo load
Load regulation±0.02±0.2%No load to ful load:nominal input
Output Current012.5Amps
Current limit12.714.416.9AmpsOutput voltage 95% of nominal
Short circuit current8.7514.416.9AmpsOutput voltage<250 mV
+ +## 12 Vout, 150 W (e.g. V150C12C150BL) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
ParameterMinTypMaxUnitNotes
Efficiency85.286.7%Nominal input;full load;25℃
Ripple and noise220275mVp-p:Nominal input;full load:20 MHz bandwith
Output OVP setpoint13.714.314.9Voits25℃;recycle input voltage to restart(>100 ms off)
Dissipation,standby5.511WatlsNo load
Load regulationa0.02a0.2%No load to full load:nominal input
Load current012.5Amps
Current limit12.714.416.9AmpsOutput voltage 95% of nominal
Short circuit current8.7514.416.9AmpsOutput vollage <250 mV
+ +## 15 Vout, 150 W (e.g. V150C15C150BL) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
ParameterMinTypMaxUnitNotes
Efficiency86.987.9%Nominal input: full load;25℃
Ripple and noise135169mVp-p:Nominal input;full load; 20 MHz bandwith
Output OVP setpoint17.117.818.5Volts25°℃;recycle input voltage to restart (>100 ms off)
Dissipation,standby3.64.8WaltsNo load
Load regulation±0.02±0.2%No load to full load;nominal input
Load current010Amps
Current limit10.211.513.5AmpsOutput voltage 95% of nominal
Short circuit current711.513.5AmpsOutput voltage<250 mV
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00036.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00036.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4b9b23c2607c94249384d66e4064bdeda4273d76 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00036.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +## Module Enable/Disable + +The module may be disabled by pulling PC below 2.3 V with respect to the –Input. This may be done with an open collector transistor, relay, or optocoupler. Multiple converters may be disabled with a single transistor or relay either directly or via “OR’ing” diodes. See Figure 1. + +## Primary Auxiliary Supply + +At 5.7 V, PC can source up to 1.5 mA. In the example shown in Figure 3, PC powers a module enabled LED. + +## Module Alarm + +The module contains “watchdog” circuitry which monitors input voltage, operating temperature and internal operating parameters. In the event that any of these parameters are outside of their allowable operating range, the module will shut down and PC will go low. PC will periodically go high and the module will check to see if the fault (as an example, overtemperature) has cleared. If the fault has not been cleared PC will go low again and the cycle will restart. The SC pin will go low in the event of a fault and return to its normal state after the fault has been cleared. See Figures 2 and 4. + + + +Figure 1 — Module enable/disable. + + + +Figure 2 — PC/SC module alarm logic. + + + +Figure 3 — LED on-state indicator. + + + +Figure 4 — PC/SC module alarm timing. + + + +Figure 5 — Isolated on-state indicator. + + + +Figure 6 — Secondary side on-state indicator. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00037.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00037.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fc7d446ad62a329939c6be5c18e7c1469cb0a80a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00037.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +## Output Voltage Programming + +The output voltage of the converter can be adjusted or programmed via fixed resistors, potentiometers or voltage DACs. See Figures 7 and 8. + + + +Figure 7 — Output voltage trim down circuit. + + + +Figure 8 — Output voltage trim up circuit. + +## Trim Down + +1. This converter is $\underline{not}$ a constant power device – it has a constant current limit. Hence, available output power is reduced by the same percentage that output voltage is trimmed down. Do not exceed maximum rated output current. + +2. The trim down resistor must be connected to the -Out pin. + + + +## Trim Up + +1. The converter is rated for a maximum delivered power. To ensure that maximum rated power is not exceeded, reduce maximum output current by the same percentage increase in output voltage. + +2. The trim up resistor must be connected to the +Out pin. + +3. Do not trim the converter above maximum trim range (typically +10%) or the output over voltage protection circuitry may be activated. + +Trim resistor values calculated automatically: + +On-line calculators for trim resistor values are available on the vicor website at: vicorpower.com/tools. + +Resistor values can be calculated for fixed trim up, fixed trim down and for variable trim up or down. + +In addition to trimming information, the web site and the Applications Manual also include design tips, applications circuits, EMC suggestions, thermal design guidelines and PDF data sheets for all available Vicor products. diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00038.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00038.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..78ed0b846ca0838041296ce3fb791b3ebfff1f78 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00038.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +## Parallel Operation + +The PR pin supports paralleling for increased power with N+1 (N+M) redundancy and phased array capability. Modules of the same input voltage, output voltage, and power level will current share if all PR pins are suitably interfaced. + +Compatible interface architectures include the following: + +DC coupled single-wire interface. All PR pins are directly connected to one another. This interface supports current sharing but is not fault tolerant. Negative In pins must be tied to the same electric potential. Up to three converters may be paralleled by this method. See Figure 9. + +AC coupled single-wire interface. All PR pins are connected to a single communication bus through $0.001 \mu F$ (500 V) capacitors. This interface supports current sharing and is fault tolerant except for the communication bus. Up to three converters may be paralleled by this method. See Figure 10. + +Transformer coupled interface. For paralleling four or more converters a transformer coupled interface is required. For details on this configuration please refer to the design guide referenced in the following technical information section. + +## Technical Information + +For additional technical information contained in the Design Guide and Applications Manual for Maxi, Mini, Micro Family DC-DC Converters and Accessory Modules, click on the link below: + +http://www.vicorpower.com/mmmguide + + + +Figure 9 — DC coupled single-wire interface. + + + +Figure 10 — AC coupled single-wire interface. diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00039.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00039.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9ff91a2342f9cf2967e39bb82611edae801664d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00039.md @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +## 3-MODE 150mA LDO REGULATOR + +NO.EA-110-0512 + +## OUTLINE + +The R1162x Series consist of CMOS-based voltage regulator ICs with high output voltage accuracy and low supply current. Each of these voltage regulator ICs consists of a voltage reference unit, an error amplifier, resistors for setting output voltage, a current limit circuit, and so on. The output voltage is internally fixed with high accuracy. + +These ICs perform with the chip enable function and realize a standby mode with ultra low supply current. To prevent the destruction by over current, the current limit circuit is included. The R1162x Series have 3-mode. One is standby mode with CE or standby control pin. Other two modes are realized with ECO pin™. Fast Transient Mode (FT mode) and Low Power Mode (LP mode) are alternative with ECO pin™. Consumption current is reduced at Low Power Mode compared with Fast Transient Mode. The output voltage is maintained between FT mode and LP mode. + +Since the packages for these ICs are SOT-23-5 and SON1612-6 packages, high density mounting of the ICs on boards is possible. + +## FEATURES + +• Ultra-Low Supply Current...........Typ. 5.5$\mu$A (Low Power Mode), Typ. 70$\mu$A (Fast Transient Mode) + +• Standby Mode …......… Typ. 0.1μA + +• Low Dropout Voltage...........Typ. 0.25V (I$_{OUT}$=150mA Output Voltage=3.0V Type) + +• High Ripple Rejection .......... Typ. 70dB (f=1kHz, FT Mode) +Typ. 60dB (f=10kHz, FT Mode) + +• Low Temperature-Drift Coefficient of Output Voltage Typ. ±100ppm/°C + +• Excellent Line Regulation ............ Typ. 0.02%/V + +• High Output Voltage Accuracy ........... ±2.0%(±3.0% at LP Mode) + +• Small Package ........... SOT-23-5 (Super Mini-mold), SON1612-6 + +• Output Voltage .................. Stepwise setting with a step of 0.1V in the range of 1.5V to 4.0V is possible + +• Built-in fold-back protection circuit.....Typ. 40mA (Current at short mode) + +• Performs with Ceramic Capacitors .......$\text{C}_{IN}=1.0\mu \text{F}, \text{C}_{OUT}=0.47\mu \text{F}$ + +## APPLICATIONS + +• Precision Voltage References. + +• Power source for electrical appliances such as cameras, VCRs and hand-held communication equipment. +• Power source for battery-powered equipment. + +1 + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00040.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00040.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..28856fd51960f755a6112186cf7b99f9bd481ec6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00040.md @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +## PIN CONFIGURATIONS + + + +## PIN DESCRIPTIONS + +## • R1116N (SOT-23-5) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Pin No.SymbolDescription
1$\text{V}_{\text{DO}}$Input Pin
2GNDGround Pin
3CEChip Enable Pin
4ECOMODE alternative pin
5$\text{V}_{\text{OUT}}$Output pin
+ +## • R1116D (SON1612-6) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Pin No.SymbolDescription
1CEChip Enable Pin
2GNDGround Pin
3VDOInput Pin
4VOUTOutput Pin
5GNDGround Pin
6ECOMODE alternative pin
+ +## ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
SymbolItemRatingUnit
$\text{V}_{\text{IN}}$Input Voltage6.5V
$\text{V}_{\text{ECO}}$Input Voltage (ECO Pin)-0.3 to 6.5V
VceInput Voltage (CE/CE Pin)-0.3 to 6.5V
VouTOutput Voltage-0.3 to $\text{V}_{\text{IN}}$+0.3V
$\text{I}_{\text{OUT}}$Output Current180mA
PoPower Dissipation (SOT-23-5)$^{+1}$420mW
Power Dissipation (SON1612-6)$^{+1}$500MW
ToptOperating Temperature Range-40~85
TstgStorage Temperature Range-55-125
+ +*1 For Power Dissipation, please refer to PACKAGE INFORMATION to be described. + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00041.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00041.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..78606bb5ed9687397411aa086d21b699b465e28a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00041.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +## ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS + +## R1162xxx1B/D + +Topt=25°C + + + + + + + +
SymbolItemConditionsMin.Typ.Max.Unit
$\mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{out}}$Output Voltage$\mathrm {V}_{\mathrm {IN}}=\text {Set}\mathrm {V}_{\mathrm {OUT}}+1\mathrm {\;V}_{\mathrm {ECO}}=\mathrm {V}_{\mathrm {IN}}$ $1mA\leq lour\leq 30mA$ $Note1$$\begin{array}{c}V_{\text {OUT}}\\ x0.98\end{array}$$\begin{array}{c}\text {Vour}\\ \times 1.02\end{array}$V
$\mathrm {V}_{\mathrm {IN}}=\text {Set}\mathrm {V}_{\text {out}}+1\mathrm {\;V}_{\mathrm {ECO}}=\mathrm {GND}$ $1mA\leq lour\leq 30mA$ote2$V_{\text {our}}$x0.97$\begin{array}{c}\text {Vour}\\ \times 1.03\end{array}$V
$\Delta \mathrm {V}_{\text {OUT}}$Output Voltage Deviation
between FT Mode and LP
Mode
$V_{W}=SetV_{OUT}+1V,louT=30mA$ $\text {Vour}\leq 2.0\mathrm {\;V}$-1.20.01.2%
$\text {Vour}\geq 2.0\mathrm {\;V}$(-24)0.0(24)mV
loutOutput Current$V_{\mathrm {IN}}-V_{\mathrm {OUT}}=1.0\mathrm {\;V}$150mA
$\Delta \mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{OUT}}$ / $\Delta \mathrm{I}_{\mathrm{OUT}}$Load Regulation(FT Mode)$\mathrm {V}_{\mathrm {IN}}=\text {Set}\mathrm {V}_{\mathrm {OUT}}+1\mathrm {\;V},\mathrm {V}_{\mathrm {ECO}}=\mathrm {V}_{\mathrm {IN}}$ $1\mathrm {\;mA}\leq \mathrm {lour}\leq 150\mathrm {\;mA}$2040mV
Load Regulation(LP Mode)$\mathrm {V}_{\mathrm {IN}}=\text {Set}\mathrm {Vour}+1\mathrm {\;V},\mathrm {Veco}=\mathrm {GND}$ $1\mathrm {\;mA}\leq \mathrm {lour}\leq 150\mathrm {\;mA}$2045mV
$\mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{DF}}$Dropout VoltageRefer to the ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICSbyOUTPUT VOLTAGE
Iss1Supply Current(FT Mode)$\mathrm {V}_{\mathrm {IN}}=\text {Set}\text {Vour+1V}$ $V_{ECO}=V_{\text {iN,}}\text {lour=0mA}$70100$μA$
Iss2Supply Current(LP Mode)$V_{\mathrm {IN}}=\text {Set}V_{\text {our}+1V}$ $V_{ECO}=GND,lout=0mA$5.59.0$μA$
IstandbySupply Current (Standby)$V_{\mathrm {IN}}=V_{\mathrm {CE}}=\text {Set}V_{\mathrm {cur}}+1V$0.11.0$μA$
$\Delta \mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{OUT}}$/Δ$\mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{IN}}$Line Regulation(FT Mode)$\text {Set}V_{\text {out}}+0.5V\leq V_{\text {IN}}\leq 6.0\mathrm {\;V}$ $\text {lout}=30\mathrm {\;mA},\mathrm {V}_{\mathrm {ECO}}=\mathrm {ViN}$ $\text {Vour}\leq 1.6\mathrm {\;V}:2.2\mathrm {\;V}\leq \mathrm {V}_{\mathrm {N}}\leq 6.0\mathrm {\;V}$0.020.10%N
Line Regulation(LP Mode)$\text {Set}V_{\text {our}}+0.5\mathrm {\;V}\leq \mathrm {V}_{\mathrm {in}}\leq 6.0\mathrm {\;V}$ $\text {lout=30mA,}$ $V_{ECO}=GND$ $V_{\text {OUT}}\leq 1.6V:2.2V\leq V_{\mathrm {IN}}\leq 6.0\mathrm {\;V}$0.050.20%N
RRRipple Rejection(FT Mode)$f=1kHz$ $f=10kHz,Ripple0.2Vp-p$ $V_{W}=\text {Set}V_{\text {out}}+1V$ $\text {lour}=30\mathrm {\;mA},\mathrm {VECO}=\mathrm {ViN}$70
60
dB
$\mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{IN}}$Input Voltage2.06.0V
$\Delta \mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{OUT}}$/△ToptOutput Voltage
Temperature Coefficient
$\text {lout=30mA}$ $-40^{\circ }\mathrm {C}\leq \text {Topt}\leq 85^{\circ }\mathrm {C}$ $V_{\text {OUT}}=0\mathrm {\;V}$±100ppm $/^{\circ }C$
llimShort Current Limit40mA
$\mathrm{I}_{\mathrm{PD}}$CE Pull-down
Constant Current
0.30.6μA
$\mathrm{R}_{\mathrm{PD}}$ECO Pull-down Resistance2530
$\mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{CEH}}$CE,ECO Input Voltage "H"1.06.0V
$\mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{CEL}}$CE,ECO Input Voltage"L"0.000.35V
enOutput Noise (Fast Mode)$BW=10Hzto100kHz$30μVrms
enOutput Noise
(Low Power Mode)
$BW=10Hzto100kHz$40$μVms$
$\mathrm{R}_{\mathrm{LOW}}$Nch On resistance for
auto-discharge
(Applied to D version)
$V_{CE}=0V$60$Ω$
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00042.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00042.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c2e4133656644490b8260fc47f9bd1fa19db010a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00042.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +## CPU Timing (Continued) + +Input or Output Cycles. Figure 7 shows the timing for an I/O read or I/O write operation. During I/O operations, the CPU automatically inserts a single Wait state ($T_w$). + +This extra Wait state allows sufficient time for an I/O port to decode the address from the port address lines. + + + +Figure 7. Input or Output Cycles + +Z8400 + +## CPU Timing (Continued) + +Interrupt Request/Acknowledge Cycle. The CPU samples the interrupt signal with the rising edge of the last clock cycle at the end of any instruction (Figure 8). When an interrupt is accepted, a special MI cycle is generated. + +During this $\overline{MI}$ cycle, $\overline{IORQ}$ becomes active (instead of $\overline{MREQ}$) to indicate that the interrupting device can place an 8-bit vector on the data bus. The CPU automatically adds two Wait states to this cycle. + + + +Figure 8. Interrupt Request/Acknowledge Cycle + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00043.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00043.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a2f0038f093bbc9d874577a0a0d2b7ba2d19215a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00043.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +## DC Characteristics + + +
SymbolParameterMin.MaxUnitTeat Condition
$\mathrm {V}_{\mathrm {ILC}}$Clock Input Low Veltage-0.30.45V
$\mathrm {V}_{\mathrm {IHC}}$Clock Imput High Vollage$\mathrm {V}_{\mathrm {CC}}-0.6$$V_{CC}+0.3$V
$\mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{IL}}$Isput Low Voitage-0.30.8
V
$\mathrm {V}_{\mathrm {IH}}$Input High Veltage2.0$V_{CC}$V
$V_{\mathrm {OL}}$Output Low Voltage0.4V$I_{CL}=1.8mA$
$V_{\mathrm{OH}}$Output High Voltage2.4V$I_{CH}=-250μA$
$I_{cc}$Power Supply Current
Z80150mA
Z80A200mA
Z80B200mA
Z80H200mA
$\mathrm{I}_{\mathrm{LI}}$Input Leakage Current-10μA$\mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{IN}}=0$to $\mathrm {V}_{\mathrm {CC}}$
$\mathrm{I}_{\mathrm{LO}}$3-State Output Leskage Current in Test-1010μA$\mathrm{V}_{\text {OUT}}=0.4$ $\mathrm {V}_{\mathrm {CC}}$
+ +1. For military grade parts, ICC is 200 mA. + +2. Typical rate for Z8400A is 90 mA. + +3. $A _ {15}^{'}A _ {6},D _ {7},D _ {8},MBEQ,IOBO,RD,andWH.$ + +## Capacitance + +
SymbolParameterMin.MaxUnit Note
$C_\text{CLOCK}$Clock Capectance35pFUnpressured pins
returned to ground
$C_\text{IN}$Input Capecitance5pf
$C_\text{OUT}$Output Capacitence10pF
+ +$T_A = 25^\circ C, \text{f} = 1 \, \text{MHz}$ + +## Ordering Information + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
TypePackageTemp.ClockDescription
25400 B1Plastic0° + 70°C2.5 MHz280 Central Processing Unit
25400 B6Plastic-40° + 85°C
25400 F1Frit Seal0° + 70°C
25400 F6Frit Seal-40° + 85°C
25400 D1Ceramic0° + 70°C
25400 D6Ceramic-40° + 85°C
25400 D2Ceramic-55° + 125°C
25400 C1Plastic Chip-Carrier0° + 70°C
25400 C6Plastic Chip-Carrier-40° + 85°C
25400 K1Ceramic Chip-Carrier0° + 70°C
25400 K6Ceramic Chip-Carrier-40° + 85°C
25400 K2Ceramic Chip-Carrier-55° + 125°C
25400A B1Plastic0° + 70°C4.0 MHz






25400A B6Plastic-40° + 85°C
25400A F1Frit Seal0° + 70°C
25400A F6Frit Seal-40° + 85°C
25400A D1Ceramic0° + 70°C
25400A D6Ceramic-40° + 85°C
25400A D2Ceramic-55° + 125°C
25400A C1Plastic Chip-Carrier0° + 70°C
25400A C6Plastic Chip-Carrier-40° + 85°C
25400A K1Ceramic Chip-Carrier0° + 70°C
25400A K6Ceramic Chip-Carrier-40° + 85°C
25400A K2Ceramic Chip-Carrier-55° + 125°C
25400B B1Plastic0° + 70°C6.0 MHz
25400B B6Plastic-40° + 85°C
25400B F1Frit Seal0° + 70°C
25400B F6Frit Seal-40° + 85°C
25400B D1Ceramic0° + 70°C
25400B D6Ceramic-40° + 85°C
25400B D2Ceramic-55° + 125°C
25400B C1Plastic Chip-Carrier0° + 70°C
25400B C6Plastic Chip-Carrier-40° + 85°C
25400B K1Ceramic Chip-Carrier0° + 70°C
25400B K6Ceramic Chip-Carrier-40° + 85°C
25400B K2Ceramic Chip-Carrier-55° + 125°C
25400H B1Plastic0° + 70°C8.0 MHz





25400H B6Plastic-40° + 85°C
25400H F1Frit Seal0° + 70°C
25400H F6Frit Seal-40° + 85°C
25400H D1Ceramic0° + 70°C
25400H D6Ceramic-40° + 85°C
25400H C1Plastic Chip-Carrier0° + 70°C
25400H C6Plastic Chip-Carrier-40° + 85°C
25400H K1Ceramic Chip-Carrier0° + 70°C
25400H K6Ceramic Chip-Carrier-40° + 85°C
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00044.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00044.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a893bf0ecc7d2b2eb227a3fe3af18716a6fad8a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00044.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +## Z80 CPU Registers + +Figure 4 shows three groups of registers within the Z80 CPU. The first group consists of duplicate sets of 8-bit registers: a principal set and an alternate set (designated by 'prime', e.g., A'). Both sets consist of the Accumulator Register, the Flag Register, and six general-purpose registers. Transfer of data between these duplicate sets of registers is accomplished by use of "Exchange" instructions. The result is faster response to interrupts and easy, efficient implementation of such versatile programming techniques as background- + +foreground data processing.The second set of registers consists of six registers with assigned functions. These are the I (Interrupt Register), the R (Refresh Register), the IX and IY (Index Registers), the SP (Stack Pointer), and the PC (Program Counter). The third group consists of two interrupt status flip-flops, plus and additional pair of flip-flops which assist in identifying the interrupt mode at any particular time. Table I provides further information on these registers. + + + +Fig. 4. CPU Registers + + +## CPU Registers (Continued) + + + +
ReglaterSize(Bite)Remarks
A.A`Accumulator8Stores an operend or the results of as oper
F.F`Flag8See Instruction Set.
B.B`-enerel Purpose8Cas be uaed separately or as a 16-bi regier with C
C.C`Genaral Purpose8See B.abowe.
D.D`Genaral Purpose8Can be waed aparly or ana 15-bi regiter
E.E`General Purpose8See D.abore
H.H`Genaral Purpose8Can be used aeparetely or asa
L.L`Genaral Purpose8See H.above.
Note:The (B.C),(D.E),end (HLL) sets are combined es follcws:
B-High byte -Low byte
D-High byt E-Low byt
H-High byte L-Low byte
IInterrupt Regater8Stores upper eaght bts of memory addres for vectored intarrupt procesing.
RRetrosh Rogater8Provides ssee-tresperent dyemuc memory redresh.Lower seven bits are eutomaticaliy sscrmeted and all addrsas bua ttrn boshcacle ral .
during each inatruction llch cyce
IXIndex Eegiater16Used for indesed addressing.
IYIndex Eeguster16Seme aa IX,above.
SPStack Pointer16Hoids addres of the top of the steck.See Push or Pop in inruion set
PCProgram Counter16Holds addeess of net intrumon.
$IFF_1 - IFF_2$Intermupt EnableFlp-FlopeSet or reset to indicete interrupt sterus laee Figure 40.
$DNF_2 - IMPb$Interrupt ModeFlp-FlepaRefiect Internupt mode lase Figure 4).
+ +Table 1. CPU Registers diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00045.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00045.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5d264f207ac61575e32ef15ec25c37536172fd26 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00045.md @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +LM3243 + +SNVS782B–OCTOBER 2010–REVISED FEBRUARY 2013 + +## ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS $^{(1)(2)(3)}$ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
VDD.PVIN to SGND-0.2V to+6.0V
PGND to SGND-0.2V to+0.2V
EN,FB, VCON, BP,MODE(SGND-0.2V) to (VDD +0.2V)
SW.ACB(PGND-0.2V) lo (PVIN+0.2V
PVIN to VDD-0.2V to +0.2V
Continuous Power Dissipation $^{(4)}$Internally Limited
Juncion Temperature (TJMAX)+150℃
Storage Temperature Range-65℃ to+150℃
Maximum Lead Temperature(Soldering,10 sec)+260℃
ESD Rating $^{(5),(6)}$
Human Body Model:
2kV
+ +(1) Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the component may occur. Operating Ratings are conditions under which operation of the device is specified. Operating Ratings do not imply verified performance limits. For performance limits and associated test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics tables. + +(2) Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. + +(3) All voltages are with respect to the potential at the GND pins. The LM3243 is designed for mobile phone applications where turn-on after power-up is controlled by the system controller and where requirements for a small package size overrule increased die size for internal Under Voltage Lock-Out (UVLO) circuitry. Thus, it should be kept in shutdown by holding the EN pin LOW until the input voltage exceeds 2.7V. + +(4) Internal thermal shutdown circuitry protects the device from permanent damage. Thermal shutdown engages at $T _ {J}=150^{\circ}C$ (typ.) and disenqages at $T _ {J}=130^{\circ}C$ (typ.). + +(5) The human body model is a 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor into each pin. (MIL-STD-883 3015.7) + +(6) Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper ESD handling procedures can result in damage. + + +## OPERATING RATINGS $^\text{(1)}$$^ \text{(2)}$ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Input Voltage Range2.7V to 5.5V
Recommended Load Current0A to 2.5A
Junction Temperature $\left(T_{J}\right)$ Range$-30^{\circ }Cto+125^{\circ }C$
Ambient Temperature $(T_A)$ Range$^{(3)}$$-30^{\circ }C10+90^{\circ }C$
+ +(1) Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. + +(2) All voltages are with respect to the potential at the GND pins. The LM3243 is designed for mobile phone applications where turn-on after power-up is controlled by the system controller and where requirements for a small package size overrule increased die size for internal Under Voltage Lock-Out (UVLO) circuitry. Thus, it should be kept in shutdown by holding the EN pin LOW until the input voltage exceeds 2.7V. + +(3) In applications where high-power dissipation and/or poor package thermal resistance is present, the maximum ambient temperature may have to be de-rated. Maximum ambient temperature (T_A-MAX) is dependent on the maximum operating junction temperature (T_J-MAX-OP = 125°C), the maximum power dissipation of the device in the application (P_D-MAX), and the junction-to ambient thermal resistance of the part/package in the application (θJA), as given by the following equation: T_A-MAX = T_J-MAX-OP - (θJA × P_D-MAX). At higher power levels duty cycle usage is assumed to drop (i.e., max power 12.5% usage is assumed) for 2G mode. + +## THERMAL PROPERTIES + + + + +
Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance (QuA). YFQ16 Package$^{(1)}$ 50℃/W
+ +(1) Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance ($\theta_{JA}$) is taken from thermal modeling result, performed under the conditions and guidelines set forth in the JEDEC standard JESD51-7. + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00046.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00046.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b25825252b985d21c24768ba439b2b98290c365c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00046.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +TEXAS +INSTRUMENTS + +PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM + +14-Feb-2013 + +## PACKAGING INFORMATION + +
Orderable DeviceStatus (1)Package Type Package DrawingPinsPackage QtyEco Plan (2)Lead Ball FinishMSL Peak Temp
(3)
Op Temp(℃)Top-Side Markings
(4)
Samples
LM3243TME/NOPBACTIVEDSBGAYFQ16250Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br)SNAGCULevel-1-260C-UNLIMS57Samples
LM3243TMX/NOPBACTIVEDSBGAYFQ163000Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br)SNAGCULevel-1-260C-UNLIMS57Samples
+ +$^{(1)}$ The marketing status values are defined as follows: + +LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. + +NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. + +$^{(2)}$ Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.i.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. + +TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined + +Pb-Free (RoHS): TI’s terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. + +Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. + +Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) + +⁽³⁾ MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. + +$^{(4)}$ Only one of markings shown within the brackets will appear on the physical device. + +Important Information and Disclaimer: The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release. + +In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis. + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00047.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00047.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7aa9ecaf9fff1d0bb1e74f52a803f3e7395d03ea --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00047.md @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +## PIN CONFIGURATION + + + +## PIN DESCRIPTION + +## • HSON-6 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Pin No$Symbol$Description
1$V_{OUT}$$^{*1}$Voltage Regulator Output Pin
2 $V_{OUT}$ $^{*1}$ Voltage Regulator Output Pin
3$\overline{CE}$ or CEChip Enable Pin
4GNDGround Pin
5$\mathrm {V}_{\mathrm {DO}}{}^{*1 }$Input Pin
6$V_{DO}{}^{*1}$Input Pin
+ +*) Tab and tab suspension leads in the ◌ parts are GND level. + +(They are connected to the reverse side of the IC.) + +The tab is better to be connected to the GND, but leaving it open is also acceptable. + +The tab suspension leads should be open and do not connect to other wires or land patterns. + +*1) The $V_{cur}$ pin and $V_{oo}$ pin must be wired each other when it is mounted on board. + +## • SOT-89-5 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Pin NoSymbolDescription
1$\overline{CE}$ or CEChip Enable Pin
2GNDGround Pin
3NCNo Connection
4$V_{DO}$Input Pin
5$V_{OUT}$Voltage Regulator Output Pin
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00048.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00048.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fa2d0102fb656df4b4f45bc630a26e3826efa926 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00048.md @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +## PACKAGE + +## SOP14 + + + + + + + + +
SymbolDimensions in MillimetersDimensions in Inches
MinMaxMinMax
A1.7500.069
A10.1000.2500.0040.010
A21.2500.049
b0.3100.5100.0120.020
c0.1000.2500.0040.010
D8.4508.8500.3330.348
E5.8006.2000.2280.244
E13.8004.0000.1500.157
e1.270 (BSC)0.050 (BSC)
L0.4001.2700.0160.050
θ
+ +## DIP14 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
UNIT: mm
DIM.MINTYPMAXDIM.MINTYPMAX
A6.1006.3006.680a1.5041.5241.544
B18.94019.24019.560c0.4370.4570.477
D8.2008.7009.200d2.5302.5402.550
D17.427.627.82L0.5000.840
E3.1003.3003.550L13.0003.2003.600
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00049.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00049.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5dda2e5e578d7a975ed059d31983c1a84cc8b2a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00049.md @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +## Model P090 + +## 9mm Rotary Potentiometer + +## Insulated Shaft + +## Conductive Plastic Element + +## 100,000 Cycle Life + +## Snap-in Clip + +## RoHS Compliant + + + +## MODEL STYLES + +Side Adjust P090L + +Top Adjust P090S + +## ELECTRICAL¹ + +Resistance Range, Ohms 500 – 1M + +Standard Resistance Tolerance ±20% + +Residual Resistance 20 ohms max. + +Input Voltage, maximum 50 Vac max. + +Power rating, Watts 0.03W + +Dielectric Strength 250Vac, 1 minute + +Insulation Resistance, Minimum 100M ohms at 250Vdc + +Sliding Noise 100mV max. + +Actual Electrical Travel, Nominal 240° + +## MECHANICAL + + \(\underline{Total Mechanical Travel 280°±10°}\) + + \(\underline{Static Stop Strength 40 oz-in}\) + +Rotational Torque, Maximum 1.2 oz-in + +## ENVIRONMENTAL + +Operating Temperature Range -20°C to +70°C + +Rotational Life 100,000 cycles + +$^{1}$ Specifications subject to change without notice. + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00050.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00050.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8f1b1184528d6b965924e2d1b04ca5a5fc5e5e2d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00050.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +## ORDERING INFORMATION² + + + +## Shaft Type + + + +## STANDARD RESISTANCE VALUES, OHMS + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
5001K2K5K10K20K50K100K200K500K1MEG
+ +## CIRCUIT DIAGRAM + + + +$^{2}$Contact our customer service for custom designs and features. + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00051.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00051.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bf63201febe2be333e71de903e2bf95cf1a5acf5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00051.md @@ -0,0 +1,117 @@ + + +## Product: H18G1.5SY + +MachFlex™ 610 SY, 17C + 1G 1.5 mm² Str BC, PVC Ins, PVC Inner Jkt, GSW Brd, PVC Outer Jkt + +## Product Description + +MachFlex™ 610 SY Control Cable 17 Conductor + 1 Ground 1.5 mm² Stranded Bare Copper, PVC Insulation, PVC Inner Jacket, Galvanized Steel Wire Braiding Armor, PVC Outer Jacket + +## Technical Specifications + +## Product Overview + +Suitable Applications: Designed for applications which are installed in occasional flexing and fixed locations. Cable applications include precision control sensors, multi axis control machines, temperature controllers, control panels, machine cutting tools, auxiliary equipment, motor speed control, production machinery and many more. Galvanized steel wire braid armor provides excellent mechanical protection. + +## Construction Details + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
ElementNo. of ElementsSizeStrandingStranding ClassMaterial
Conductor(s)171.5 mm²StrandedClass 5BC - Bare Copper
Ground11.5 mm²StrandedClass 5BC - Bare Copper
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
ElementMaterialColor Code
Conductor(s)PVC - Polyvinyl ChlorideBlack #1, Black #2, Black #3, Black #4, Black #5, Black #6, Black #7, Black #8, Black #9, Black #10, Black #11, Black #12, Black #13, Black #14, Black #15, Black #16, Black #17
GroundPVC - Polyvinyl ChlorideYellow/Green
+ + + + + + + + +
Material
PVC - Polyvinyl Chloride
+ + + + + + + + +
Armor Type & Material
SWB - Steel Wire Braid Armor
+ + + + + + + + +
Material
PVC - Polyvinyl Chloride
+ + + + + + +
Overall Cable Diameter (Nominal):22.3 mm (0.878 in)
+ +## Electrical Characteristics + + + + + + + + +
Voltage Rating
600 / 1000 V (Max. Operating Voltage), 4000 V (Testing Voltage)
+ +## Mechanical Characteristics + + + + + + +
OperatingInstallation
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00052.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00052.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..46d96bcbbbc7d8a00170fee411edf71e8a494ea8 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00052.md @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ + + + + +
-5°C to +70°C (Occasional movement)-40°C to +80°C (Fixed installation)
+ +## Bend Radius + + + + + + + + + + +
Installation Min.Flexing Min.
133.8 mm (5.268 in)446 mm (17.6 in)
+ + + + + + +
Bulk Cable Weight750 kg/km (500 lbs/1000ft)
+ +## Standards and Compliance + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Environmental
Suitabity
UV Resistance, CR Resistance
Flammability/Reaction to FireIEC 60332-1-2, DIN VDE 048233212,DN EN 6033212
ISG/IEC Complance:IEC 60228
CENELEC Complance: EN 50290-2-22
European Directive Complance:EU CE Mask.EU Directive 2015/863/EU (RoHS 2 amendment),REACH,EU Directive 2011/65EU(RoHS 2)
Other Standard
Complance(s)
VDE 0295, DIN VDE 0207-363-4-1,IEC 60227-5,EN st625-2-51,BS 6360
+ +## History + + + + + + +
Update and Revision:Revision Number: C.16, Revision Date: 03-05-2024
+ +## Part Numbers + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Item #ColorLength
H1BG1.5SY 010100MBlack100 m
H1BG1.5SY 010200MBlack200 m
H1BG1.5SY 010300MBlack300 m
H1BG1.5SY G8U100MGray, RAL 7001100 m
H1BG1.5SY G8L200MGray, RAL 7001200 m
H1BG1.5SY G8L300MGray, RAL 7001300 m
H1BG1.5SY 003100MOrange100 m
H1BG1.5SY 003200MOrange200 m
H1BG1.5SY 003300MOrange300 m
+ +©2024 Baldan, Inc + +All Rights Reserved. + +Although Belden makes every reasonable effort to ensure their accuracy at the time of this publication, information and specifications described here in any subject to error or omission and to change without notice, and the listing of such information and specifications does not ensure product availability. + +Belden provides the information and specifications herein on an "ASIS" basis, with no representations or warranties, whether express, statutory or implied. In no event will Belden be liable for any damages (including consequential, indirect, incidental, special, punitive, or exemplary damages) whatsoever, even if Belden has been advised of the possibility of such damages, whether in an action under contract, negligence or any other theory, arising out of or in connection with the use, or inability to use, the information or specifications described herein. + +All sales of Belden products are subject to Belden's standard terms and conditions of sale. + +Beiden believes this product to be in compliance with all applicable environmental programs as listed in the data sheet. The information provided is correct to the best of Beiden's knowledge, information and belief at the date of its publication. This information is designed only as a general guide for the safe handling, storage, and any other operation of the product itself or the one that it becomes a part of. The Product Disclosure is not to be considered a warranty or quality specification. Regulatory information is for guidance purposes only. Product users are responsible for determining the applicability of legislation and regulations based on their individual usage of the product. + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00053.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00053.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ae6403961db30f3817b86e1216417bcca0e7ff7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00053.md @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ +## Features + +﹡ Switching capacity up to 10A + +﹡ Small size and light weight + +﹡ Low coil power consumption, High contact load + +﹡ Strong resistance to shock and vibration + +## Contact Data* + + + + + + + + + + +
Contact Arrangement2A, 2B, 2C = DPST N.O., DPST N.C., DPDT
3A, 3B, 3C = 3PST N.O., 3PST N.C., 3PDT
4A, 4B, 4C = 4PST N.O., 4PST N.C., 4PDT
Contact Rating2, &3 Pole: 10A @ 220VAC & 28VDC, General Purpose
4 Pole: 5A @ 220VAC & 28VDC, General Purpose
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Contact Resistance<50 millihms initial
Contact MaterialAgCdO
Max Switching Power2C,&3C:280W,2200VA
4C:140W,110VA
Max Switching Voltage300VAC
Max Switching Current10A
+ +## Coil Data DC Parameters* + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Coil Voltage
VDC
Coll Resistance $\Omega$+/-10%Pick Up Voltage VDC(max)
75% of rated
voltage
Release Voltage VDC(min)
10% of rated
voltage
Coll Power
W
Operate Time
ms
Release Time ms
RatedMax
1213.21609.001.2.902525
2426.464018.002.4
110121.01100082.5011.0
+ +## Coil Data AC Parameters* + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Coil Voltage
VAC
Coil Resistance $\Omega$+/-10%Pick Up Voltage VAC(max)
80% of rated
voltage
Release Voltage VAC(min)
30% of rated volt-age
Coll Power
W
Operate Time
ms
Release Time ms
RatedMax
1213.2469.603.61.202525
2426.418419.207.2
110121.0375088.0033.0
120132.0455096.0036.0
220252.014400176.0066.0
+ + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00054.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00054.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..49577d7b797afb6dfea54b40ee2341186e965ed3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00054.md @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +## General Data* + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Electrical Life @ rated load500K cycles (2 pole), 200K cycles (3 pole), 100K (4 pole) average
Mechanical Life20M cycles (2 pole), 10M cycles (3 & 4 pole), average
Insulation Resistance100M Ω min. @ 500VDC initial
Dielectric Strength, Coil to Contact1500V rms min. @ sea level initial
Contact to Contact1500V rms min. @ sea level initial
Shock Resistance100m/s² for 11 ms
Vibration Resistance1.27mm double amplitude 10~40Hz
Terminal (Copper Alloy) Strength10N
Operating Temperature-40°C to +85°C
Storage Temperature-40°C to +155°C
Solderability260°C for 5 s
Weight32g
+ +⁎ Values can change due to the switching frequency, desired reliability levels, environmental conditions and in-rush load levels. It is recommended to test actual load conditions for the application. It is the user's responsibility to determine the performance suitability for their specific application. The use of any coil voltage less than the rated coil voltage may compromise the operation of the relay. + +## Ordering Information + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00055.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00055.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..67f0ec4bd8b4990e07c5cc1881d9ec1d1b04b498 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00055.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +## Dimensions + +Units = mm + + + +2 Pole + + + +3 Pole + + + +4 Pole + + + +Flange Mount with Solder Lugs + +## Termination Options + + + +PC Pins + + + +Solder Lugs + +## Schematics & PC Layouts + + + +2C + + + +3C + + + +4C + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00056.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00056.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..59c57b42bffe5f07fb64cf0ec65f7ea6d74c63b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00056.md @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +## Features + +• Glass passivated Standard Rectifiers + +• Very low profile - typical height of 1.0 mm + +• Low forward voltage drop + +• Low leakage current + +• Moisture sensitivity: level 1, per J-STD-020 + +• AEC-Q101 qualified + +• High temperature soldering guaranteed: $260^{\circ}$C/10 seconds + +• Halogen-free according to IEC 61249-2-21 definition + + + +RoHS +COMPLIANT + + + +eSGA + +(SOD-123FL) + +## Typical Applications + +For use of general purpose rectification in lighting, cellular phone, portable device, power supplies and other consumer applications. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Maximum Ratings (TA=25℃ unless otherwise noted)
ParameterSymbolF1AF2AF3AF4AF5AF6AF7AUnit
Maximum repetitive peak reverse voltageVRRM501002004006008001000V
Maximum RMS voltageVRMS3570140280420560700V
Maximum DC blocking voltageVDC501002004006008001000V
Maximum average forward rectified current at TL
(See Fig.1)
IF(AV)1.0A
Peak forward surge current 8.3 ms single half sine-
wave superimposed on rated load
IFSM40A
Operating junction and storage temperature rangeTJ,TSTG-55 1o+150
+ + +
Electrical Characteristics ($TA=25^{\circ }C$unless otherwise noted)
ParameterTest ConditionsSymbolF1AF2AF3AF4AF5AF6AF7AUnit
Maximum instantaneous forward voltage$1A$$V_{F}$1.0Volts
Maximum DC reverse current at rated DC blocking voltage$TA=25^{\circ }C$ $TA=125^{\circ }C$$I_{R}$5
50
μA
Typical reverse recovery time$\mathrm {I}_\rho=0.5\mathrm {\;A},\mathrm {I}_{\mathrm {R}}=1.0\mathrm {\;A}$,
$I_{ff}=0.25A$
$t_{nr}$1.8uS
Typical junction capacitance4.0 V,1 MHz$\mathrm {C}_{\mathrm {J}}$6pF
Typical thermal resistance¹juntion to ambient$\mathrm {R}_{\mathrm {\theta ,JA}}$63°C/W
juntion to case$\mathrm {R}_{\mathrm {\theta },\mathrm {JC}}$22
juntion to mount$\mathrm {R}_{\mathrm {B} \mathrm {JM}}$2
+ +Note:1), The thermal resistance from junction to ambient case or mount, mounted on P.C.B with 5×5mm copper pads, 2 OZ, FR4 PCB + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00057.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00057.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1de5c96cbbe7726c907db32272065d75792e16e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00057.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +## Ratings and Characteristics Curves + +(TA = 25°C unless otherwise noted) + + + +Figure 1. Forward Current Derating Curve + + + +Figure 2. Maximum Non-Repetitive Peak Forward Surge Current + + + +Figure 3. Typical Reverse Characteristics + + + +Figure 4. Typical Junction Capacitance + + + +Figure 5. Typical Instantaneous Forward Characteristics + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00058.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00058.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ea67648c796f1b73dd2c97d4fa04fd1a60f6c501 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00058.md @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +## Package Outline Dimensions + +in inches (millimeters) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
DMUnit:mmUnit: inch
MINMAXMINMAX
A0.91.080.0350.043
A100.10.0000.004
B0.851.050.0330.041
C0.10.250.0040.010
D1.720.0670.079
E2.93.10.1140.122
L0.430.830.0170.033
HE3.53.90.1380.154
+ +Soldering footprint + + + +## Packing Information + +Packing quantities: + +3000 pcs/Reel, 40 Reels/Box; 8mm Tape, 7" Reel + +Tape & Reel Specification + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00059.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00059.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b2727446b405611e2c3fec8dc375b26e7118954f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00059.md @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +## GENERAL DESCRIPTION + +OB2211/OB2212 is an offline PWM Power switch for low power AC/DC charger and adaptor applications. It operates in primary-side sensing and regulation. Consequently, opto-coupler and TL431 could be eliminated from design. Proprietary Constant Voltage (CV) and Constant Current (CC) control is integrated as shown in the figure below. +In CC control, the current and output power setting can be adjusted externally by the sense resistor Rs at CS pin. In CV control, multi-mode operations are utilized to achieve high performance and high efficiency. Device operates in fixed frequency mode at large load conditions, frequency reduction mode at light/medium load and ‘Extended burst mode’ at No/light load conditions. + +OB2211/OB2212 offers power on soft start control and complete protection coverage with auto-recovery features including Cycle-by-Cycle current limiting, VDD over-voltage clamp and UVLO, fail-safe protection for open loop fault condition. Excellent EMI performance is achieved with On-Bright proprietary frequency shuffling technique together with soft switching control at the totem pole gate drive output with No-Y cap design. + + + +Fig 1. Typical CC/CV Curve + +## FEATURES + +■ Primary-side Sensing and Regulation With No TL431 and Opto-coupler + +■ Multi-mode Operation for High Efficiency + +■ Programmable CV and CC Regulation + +■ Adjustable Constant Current and Output Power setting + +■ Frequency Shuffling and Adjustable Gate Drive Greatly Improving EMI + +■ Power on Soft-start Time (4ms) + +■ “Extended Burst Mode Control” for Improved Efficiency and Minimum Standby Design + +■ Built-in Leading Edge Blanking (LEB) + +■ Cycle-by-Cycle Current Limiting + +■ VDD Under Voltage Lockout with Hysteresis (UVLO) + +■ VDD Over Voltage Shutdown and Clamp + +■ Auto-restart in Over Voltage condition + +■ Fail-safe protection for open loop fault condition + +## APPLICATIONS + +Low Power AC/DC offline SMPS for + +■ Cell Phone Charger + +■ Digital Cameras Charger + +■ Small Power Adaptor + +■ Auxiliary Power for PC, TV etc. + +■ Linear Regulator/RCC Replacement + +OB2211 is offered in SOP8 package. + +OB2212 is offered in DIP8 package + +## TYPICAL APPLICATION + + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00060.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00060.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0ec71c4f67a78f5f3201a9397bac9fd6e2fef96c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00060.md @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +## GENERAL INFORMATION + +## Pin Configuration + +The pin map is shown as below for SOP8 and DIP8. + + + +## Ordering Information + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Part NumberDescription
OB2211CPSOP8,Pb-free,Tube
OB2211CPASOP8,Pb-free,T&R
OB2212APDIP8,Pb-free
+ +## Absolute Maximum Ratings + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
ParameterValue
Drain Voltage (off state)-0.3V to 650V
VDD Voltage-0.3 to 33 V
VDDG Voltage-0.3 to 33 V
VDD Zener Clamp Continuous Current10mA
CS Input Voltage-0.3 to 7V
INV Input Voltage-0.3to7V
Min/Max Operating Junction
Temperature $\mathrm {T}_{3}$
$-20to150^{\circ }C$
Min/Max Storage Temperature $\mathrm {T}_{\mathrm {stz}}$$-55to150^{\circ }C$
Lead Temperature(Soldering,
10secs)
$260^{\circ }C$
+ +Note: Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. + + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00061.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00061.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..45b6cf74a94c5147bbdb892d3db339584876241f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00061.md @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +## Marking Information + + + +Y:Year Code(0-9) + +WW:Week Code(01-52) + +C:SOP8 Package + +P-Pb-free Package + +S:Internal Code(Optional) + + + +Y:Year Code(0-9) + +WW:Week Code(01-52) + +A:DIP8 Package + +P-Pb-free Package + +S.Internal Code(Optional) + +## TERMINAL ASSIGNMENTS + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Pin NumPin NameI/ODescription
1VDDGPInternal Gate Driver Power Supply
2VDDPIC DC power supply Input
3INVIInverting input of error amplifier (EA). Connected to resistor divider from
primary sensing winding reflecting output voltage.PWM duty cycle is
determined by EA output and current sense signal at pin 4.
4CSICurrent sense input
5/6DrainOHV MOSFET Drain Pin. The Drain pin is connected to the primary lead of
the transformer
7/8GNDPGround
+ +## Output Power Table + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Product230VAC±15%90-264VAC
Open Frame$^3$Open Frame$^1$
OB221110W8W
OB221220W12W
+ +Notes: + +1. Maximum practical continuous power in an open frame design with sufficient drain pattern as a heat sink, at 50°C ambient. diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00062.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00062.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..28b8b3bd834d310a420e85357b6278d88fd36d0c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00062.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +## PACKAGE MECHANICAL DATA + +## SOP8 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS + + + + +
SymbolDimensions In MillimetersDimensions In Inches
MinMaxMinMax
A1.3501.7500.0530.069
A10.1000.2500.0040.010
A21.3001.5500.0510.061
b0.3300.5100.0130.020
c0.1700.2500.0060.010
D4.7005.1500.1850.203
E3.8004.0000.1500.157
E15.8006.2000.2280.244
e1.270 (BSC)0.050 (BSC)
L0.4001.2700.0160.050
θ
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00063.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00063.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0540d9a1bbdcc1f03ca3400d5561531bdaaf87e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00063.md @@ -0,0 +1,198 @@ +## 4. PIN DESCRIPTION + +## 4.1 Pin Description & Cross Reference + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Pin NameI/O TypeDescriptionN32901U1DNN32901U2DNN32903U1DNN32905U1DNN32905U2DNN32903R1DNN32901R1DN
Clock & Reset
XIN I27MHz/12MHz Crystal Input
XOUTO27MHz/12MHz Crystal Output
RST_IOSUSystem Reset, Input, Low Active +Watch-Dog Reset, Output, Low Active
JTAG Interface
TCKIODJTAG Interface Test Clock, Input
SPI1_CS1_SPI Port 1 Device Select 1, Output, Low Active
PWM0PWM Channel 0
GPD[0]GPIO Port D Bit 0
TMSIOUJTAG Interface Test Mode Select, Input
HUR_TXDHigh-Speed UART TX Data, Output
PWM1PWM Channel 1
GPD[1]GPIO Port D Bit 1
TDIIOUJTAG Interface Test Data In, Input
HUR_RXDHigh-Speed UART RX Data, Input
PWM2PWM Channel 2
GPD[2]GPIO Port D Bit 2
TDOIOUJTAG Interface Test Data Out, Output
HUR_CTSHigh-Speed UART Clear-To-Send, Input, Low Active
PWM3PWM Channel 3
GPD[3]GPIO Port D Bit 3
TRST_IOUJTAG Interface Test Reset, Input, Low Active
HUR_RTSHigh-Speed UART Reset-To-Send, Output, Low Active
SPI0_CS1_SPI Port 0 Device Select 1, Output, Low Active
GPD[4]GPIO Port D Bit 4
+ + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00064.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00064.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cce227b089916f8598e569e395e53fe8cfe70a88 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00064.md @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Part NumberColourLow Temperature Type
Y-ConCover-10BlueNo
Y-ConCover-10-BBlackNo
Y-ConCover-10-LTBlueYes
Y-ConCover-10-B-LTBlackYes
+ +## Description: + +IP67/68/69K cover for self assembly with Y-Con plugs and cables, complete with latches, seals and terminator cap + +IP67/68/69K-Steckergehäuse zur Selbstmontage mit Y-Con Kabelsteckern und Kabeln, + +## Material: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Body
Gehäuse
PBT, UL94V-0
Seal
Dichtung
FKM (Viton®) or HNBR
Fixing clips
Rasthaken
Stainless steel
+ +## Specifications: + +
Operating Temp.: Std.-20°C ~ +120°C
Betriebstemp. LT-40°C ~ +120°C
+ +## Outline Dimensions + + + +## Accessories Part No.: Y-ConCover-30 + +## Description: + +Metal cover for retro-fitting to Y-ConCover-10-* offering increased mechanical stability + + + +Metallisches Schutzgehäuse zur Nachrüstung auf Y-ConCover-10®, für erhöhte mechanische Stabilität + +## Material: + + + + + + + + + + +
Body + Buttons
Gehäuse
Die-cast zinc
Screws
Schrauben
Stainless Steel
+ +## Specifications: + +Operating Temp.: -20°C - +120°C +Betriebsternp. + + + +## Accessories Part No.: Y-ConAS-21 + +## Description: + +IP67 protective transport cap for Y-ConCover-10-* / Y-ConCover-40-* + + + +IP67-Transportschutzabdeckung für Y-ConCover-10-* / Y-ConCover-40-* + +## Material: + +Body + +PE (Transparent white) + +Gahnäusa + +## Specifications: + +Operating Temp.: -20°C – +80°C +Batriabstemp. + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00065.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00065.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..85cc7bdbb28b4716bd1c5ec145fe2dba85731c7a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00065.md @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Part NumberNo. of Y-ConFlange-10*Colour
Y-ConCoupler-102Blue
Y-ConCoupler-10-B2Black
Y-ConCoupler-111 (plus cable gland ∅6.0 - 9.0mm)Blue
Y-ConCoupler-11-B1 (plus cable gland ∅5.0 - 9.0mm)Black
+ +## Description: + +IP67 coupler module (w/o electronics) screw mount, guide rails for modular assembly + +IP67 Kupplungsmodule (ohne Elektronik) mit Schraubhalterung und Führungsschienen für modularen Aufbau + +## Material: + +PBT, UL94V-0 + +## Specifications: + +Operating Temp.: -30°C ~ +120°C +Betriebstemp. + + + + + + + +## Description: + +IP67 Ethernet switch*,10BaseT/100BaseTX,7 data and 1 power port, unmanaged, Store/Forward, non-blocking, full or half duplex, auto-negotiated data control, screw mounted + +IP67 Ethernet-Schalter*. 10BaseT/100BaseTX, 7 Datenports, 1 Stromversorgungsbuchse, unmanaged, Store / Forward, non-blocking, Voll- oder Halbduplexbetrieb, Auto-negotiated Data control, Wandbefestigung + +## Material: + + + + + + + + + + +
Housing
Gehäuse
Aluminium
Flange
Flansch
PBT, UL94V-0
+ +## Specifications + +Operating Temp.: -40°C – +85°C +Betriebstemp. + +Electrical specifications (on request) + + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00066.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00066.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..04e479056deba66a8465a2620d3d0189cca749dc --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00066.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +Industrial Ethernet connected to sensors, actuators and encoders by Y-Con RJ45 - M8/M12 converter cables. + +M8/M12 features: + +- Male and female versions 90° and 180°, PUR overmolded + +- 360° shield for advanced shield connection + +- Metal screw with vibration resistant locking + +Industrial Ethernet verbunden mit Sensoren, Aktien und Encodern über + +Y-Con RJ45 - M8/M12 Verbindungskabel. + +M&M12 Merkmale: + +- Stecker und Buchsen in 90° und 180° Versionen. PUR Umspritzung + +- 360° Schirmanbindung für optimale Schirmeigenschaften + +- Metallischer Drehverschluß mit vibrationssicherem Mechanismus + +Table of available versions for M8 / M12 products + + +
Connector
Type
Cable
Mour
Panel
Mount
MaleFemale90°180°CodingPin
Count
Shielded
M83.4
M83.4
M83.4
M83.4
M12A3.4,5,8
M12A3,4,5,8
M12A3.4,5,8
M12A3,4,5,8
M12B.D3.4.5
M12B.D3.4.5
M12B.D3.4.5
M12B.D3.4,5
+ + +
Connector
Type
Cable
Mount
Panel
Mount
MaleFemale90°180°CodingPin
Count
Shielded
M12A3.4,5.8
M12A3,4,5.8
M12A3.4,5.8
M12A3.4,5,8
M12B.D3.4.5
M12B.D3.4.5
M12B.D3.4.5
M12B.D3.4.5
+ +Max. cable diameter 8.50 / max. wire thickness 0.54mm² + + + +A-Coding + +(IEC 60947-2) +Female + + + +B-Coding + +(INTERBUS and PROFIBUS) +Female + + + +D-Coding + +[4 pin Ethernet] +Female + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00067.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00067.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7deb451ab8537e87181c9e4f6da49d61aa437d4b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00067.md @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ + + +Building on the success of ProfiBus, the ProfiNet transmission standard is set to become one of the most important for industrial automation applications. The Y-Con ProfiNet connector employs piercing contacts, and the plug mating face conforms to the RJ45 standard. It can thereby be used with standard RJ45 jacks and is backwards compatible. + +Aufbauend auf dem Erfolg von ProfiBus ist der ProfiNet Übertragungs- +standard dabei, einer der wichtigsten Verkabelungsstandards für +Anwendungen der industriellen Automation zu werden. +Der Y-Con ProfiNet Stecker verwendet Piercing-Kontakte. +Das Steckgesicht ist identisch mit dem R46-Steckertyp. Somit ist er +auch mit Standard R46-Buchsen anwendbar und abwärts komputibel. + + + +## Part Number Y-ConPlug-15 + +## Material: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Plug
Steckergehäuse
PBT, UL94V-0
Shield:
Schirm
Nickel plated brass
Contact Area:
Kontakt
30μ" Au over Ni
+ + + +## Part Number Y-ConCable-7 + +For more Y-ConCable-7 specifications see page 24 + +## Description: + +RJ45 Cat 5 plug for use in ProfiNet applications, with cable guide, shielding and cable crimp. 4 data contacts. + +Suitable for AWG22 cable with a lead ≤ Ø1.40mm + +RJ45 Cat 5 Kabelstecker für ProfiNet-Anwendungen mit Kabelführung, Schirmung und Kabelkrimp. 4 Datenkontakte. Passend zu AWG22-Kabel mit Einzelader ≤ Ø 1,40mm + +## Specifications: + +Operating Temp.: -40°C ~ +120°C +Betriebstemp. + +Durability: + +1,500 mechanical cycles +Lebensdauer + +## Description: + +100 Mbit, Cat 5e ES, digital signal cable for use with Y-ConPlug-15 in ProfiNet applications, with 4 data lines, + +100 Mbps, Cat 5e ES, Kabel für digitale Signale, für den Einsatz mit Y-Con-Plug15 bei ProfiNet-Anwendung mit 4 Datenleitungen, + +## Material: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Jacket:
Mantel
PUR
Bending Radius:
Biegeradius
49mm multiple turns
21mm single turn
Operating Temp.:
Betriebstemp.
-20°C ~ +80°C
Colour:
Farbe
Green
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00068.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00068.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d13ee57cb0b176803392ce8f7138947ae85623b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00068.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +## 4. Discharge shunt function (S-1312xxxH Series A / B type) + +The S-1312xxxH Series A / B type has a built-in discharge shunt circuit to discharge the output capacitance. The output capacitance is discharged as follows so that the VOUT pin reaches the VSS level. + +(1) The ON / OFF pin is set to OFF level. + +(2) The output transistor is turned off. + +(3) The discharge shunt circuit is turned on. + +(4) The output capacitor discharges. + +Since the S-1312xxxH Series C / D type does not have a discharge shunt circuit, the VOUT pin is set to the VSS level through several hundred kΩ internal divided resistors between the VOUT pin and the VSS pin. The S-1312xxxH Series A / B type allows the VOUT pin to reach the VSS level rapidly due to the discharge shunt circuit. + + + +*1. Parasitic diode + +Figure 17 + +## 5. Pull-down resistor (S-1312xxxH Series A / C type) + +The ON / OFF pin is internally pulled down to the VSS pin in the floating status, so the VOUT pin is set to the VSS level. + +Note that the IC's current consumption increases as much as current flows into the pull-down resistor of 2.2 MΩ typ. when the ON / OFF pin is connected to the VIN pin and the S-1312xxxH Series A / C type is operating. diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00069.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00069.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d5f3d30b71343dc502b5182954dbb6e549a2b46c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00069.md @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ + + +No. MP005-A-C-SD-2.1 + +
TITLESOT235-A-Carrier Tape
No.MP005-A-C-SD-2.1
SCALE
UNITmm
SII Semiconductor Corporation
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00070.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00070.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..acfc560bebb9dd8105fd5a3060b12f24ab496058 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00070.md @@ -0,0 +1,397 @@ +## DO-214AA Package Symbolization + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Part Number
CatalogSymbolized
P0D80SAP-8A
P0080SA MCP-8AM
P0080SBP-8B
P0080SCP-8C
P0080SDP-8D
POD80SC MCP-8CM
P0300SAP03A
P0300SA MCPO3AM
P030058P038
P0300SCP03C
P0300SDP03D
P0300SC MCPO3CM
P0640SAPO6A
P0640SBPO6B
P0640SCPD6C
P0640SDP06D
P0640SC MCPO6CM
P0641CA2P62A
P0541SAP61A
P06419CP61C
P0720SAPO7A
P0720S8P078
P0720SCP07C
P0720SDP07D
P0720SC MCP07CM
P0721CA2P72A
P0721SAP71A
P0721SCP71C
P0900SAPOBA
P090058P09B
P0900SCP09C
P0900SDP090
P09008C MCPOSCM
P0901CA2P92A
P0901SAP91A
P0901SCP91C
P1100SAP11A
P1100SBP118
P1100SCP11C
P1100SDP11D
P1100SC MCP11CM
P1101CA2P02A
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Part Number
CatalogSymbolized
P1101SAPO1A
P1101SCP01C
P1200SAP12A
P1200SBP12B
P1200SCP120
P1200SDP12D
P1200SC MCP12CM
P1300SAP13A
P1300SBP13B
P1300SCP13C
P1300SDP13D
P1300SC MCP13CM
P1302SAP132A
P1402CAP14A
P1500SAP15A
P1500SBP15B
P1500SCP15C
P1500SDP15D
P1500SC MCP15CM
P1502SAP152A
P1602CAP16A
P1800SAP18A
P1800SBP18B
P1800SCP18C
P1800SDP180
P1800SC MCP18CM
P1802SAP182A
P2000SAP20A
P200058P208
P2000SCP20C
P2000SDP20D
P2000SC MCP20CM
P2202CAP22A
P2300SAP23A
P230058P23B
P2300SCP23C
P2300SDP23D
P2300SC MCP23CM
P2302SAP232A
P2500SAP25A
P25008BP25B
P2500SCP25C
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Part Number
CatalogSymbolized
P2500SDP25D
P2500SC MCP25CM
P2600SAP26A
P2600SBP268
P2600SCP26C
P2600SDP2BD
P26008C MCP26CM
P2602SAP262A
P2702CAP27A
P3002CAP30A
P3002CBP308
P3002SAP30A
P3002SBP30B
P3100SAP31A
P3100S8P318
P3100SCP31C
P3100SDP31D
P3100SC MCP31CM
P3500SAP35A
P3500SBP35B
P35008CP350
P3500SDP35D
P3500SC MCP35CM
P3502SAP352A
P3602CAP36A
P4202CAP42A
P4202SAP422A
P4802CAP48A
P4802SAP482A
P6002CAP60A
P6002CBP608
P6002SAP602A
B1100CAB10A
B1100CCB10C
B1160CAB16A
811600C816C
B1200CAB12A
B1200CCB12C
B2050CAB25A
B2050CCB25C
+ +Note: Date code is located below the symbolized part number. + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00071.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00071.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bee63db9b382af756631f53682dde4a942498048 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00071.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +## ML Varistor Series + +## Device Characteristics + +At low current levels, the V-I curve of the multilayer transient voltage suppressor approaches a linear (ohmic) relationship and shows a temperature dependent effect (Figure 10). At or below the maximum working voltage, the suppressor is in a high resistance mode (approaching $10^9\Omega$ at its maximum rated working voltage). Leakage currents at maximum rated voltage are below 50μA, typically 25μA; for 0402 size below 10μA, typically 5μA. + + + +FIGURE 10. TYPICAL TEMPERATURE DEPENDANCE OF THE CHARACTERISTIC CURVE IN THE LEAKAGE REGION + +## Speed of Response + +The Multilayer Suppressor is a leadless device. Its response time is not limited by the parasitic lead inductances found in other surface mount packages. The response time of the Zinc Oxide dielectric material is less than 1 nanosecond and the ML can clamp very fast dV/dT events such as ESD. Additionally, in "real world" applications, the associated circuit wiring is often the greatest factor effecting speed of response. Therefore, transient suppressor placement within a circuit can be considered important in certain instances. + + + +FIGURE 11. MULTILAYER INTERNAL CONSTRUCTION + + + +FIGURE 12. CLAMPING VOLTAGE OVER TEMPERATURE $(V_{C}$ AT 10A\) + +## Energy Absorption/Peak Current Capability + +Energy dissipated within the ML is calculated by multiplying the clamping voltage, transient current and transient duration. An important advantage of the multilayer is its interdigitated electrode construction within the mass of dielectric material. This results in excellent current distribution and the peak temperature per energy absorbed is very low. The matrix of semiconducting grains combine to absorb and distribute transient energy (heat) (Figure 11). This dramatically reduces peak temperature; thermal stresses and enhances device reliability. + +As a measure of the device capability in energy and peak current handling, the V26MLA1206A part was tested with multiple pulses at its peak current rating (150A, 8/20µs). At the end of the test, 10,000 pulses later, the device voltage characteristics are still well within specification (Figure 13). + + + +FIGURE 13. REPETITIVE PULSE CAPABILITY diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00072.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00072.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5adc1843151fde5b7283c5805cda8871c87dfc91 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00072.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +## ML Varistor Series + +## Soldering Recommendations + +The principal techniques used for the soldering of components in surface mount technology are Infrared (IR) re-flow, vapour phase re-flow and wave soldering. Typical profiles are shown in Figures 14, 15 and 16. When wave soldering, the ML suppressor is attached to the circuit board by means of an adhesive. The assembly is then placed on a conveyor and run through the soldering process to contact the wave. With IR and vapour phase reflow; the device is placed in a solder paste on the substrate. As the solder paste is heated, it re-flows and solders the unit to the board. + +The recommended solder for the ML suppressor is a 62/36/2 (Sn/Pb/Ag), 60/40 (Sn/Pb) or 63/37 (Sn/Pb). Littelfuse also recommends an RMA solder flux. + +Wave soldering is the most strenuous of the processes. To avoid the possibility of generating stresses due to thermal shock, a preheat stage in the soldering process is recommended, and the peak temperature of the solder process should be rigidly controlled. For 0402 size devices, IR re-flow is recommended. + +When using a reflow process, care should be taken to ensure that the ML chip is not subjected to a thermal gradient steeper than 4 degrees per second; the ideal gradient being 2 degrees per second. During the soldering process, preheating to within 100 degrees of the solder's peak temperature is essential to minimize thermal shock. Examples of the soldering conditions for the ML suppressor are given in the tables below. + +Once the soldering process has been completed, it is still necessary to ensure that any further thermal shocks are avoided. One possible cause of thermal shock is hot printed circuit boards being removed from the solder process and subjected to cleaning solvents at room temperature. The boards must be allowed to cool gradually to less than 50°C before cleaning. + +## Termination Options + +Littelfuse offers three types of electrode termination finish for the Multilayer product series: + +1. Silver/Platinum (standard, not available for 0402) + +2. Silver/Palladium (optional) + +(The ordering information section describes how to designate them.) + +3. Nickel Barrier (optional for 0402-1210 package size) + +(The ordering information section describes how to designate them.) + + + +FIGURE 14. REFLOW SOLDER PROFILE + + + +FIGURE 15. WAVE SOLDER PROFILE + + + +FIGURE 16. VAPOR PHASE SOLDER PROFILE + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00073.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00073.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7f23c4d47bcf7a1c09f71721102694bd1788ec62 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00073.md @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +## Table of Contents + +**L-Wire Wound Chip Inductors - L-PW Series** ...... Page 4 + 0805 Case Size Standard Type (L-PWS Series) ....... Page 5 + 0806 Case Size Standard Type (L-PWS Series) ....... Page 5 + 1207 Case Size Standard Type (L-PWS Series) ...... Page 5 + 1207 Case Size Standard Type (L-PWS Series) ....... Page 6 + 0603 Case Size Standard Type (L-PWF Series Bottom Surface Electrode) ...... Page 6 + 0805 Case Size High Current Type (L-PWI Series) ...... Page 6 + 0806 Case Size High Current Type (L-PWI Series) ...... Page 6 + 1007 Case Size High Current Type (L-PWI Series) ...... Page 7 + 0805 Case Size Low Rdc Type (L-PWR Series) ...... Page 7 + 1007 Case Size Low Rdc Type (L-PWR Series) ...... Page 7 +**L-Wire Wound Chip Inductors - LOWS/L-DWIL/DWL Series** ...... Page 8 + 0805 Case Size Low Rdc Type (L-DWS Series) ...... Page 9 + 0806 Case Size Low Rdc Type (L-DWS Series) ...... Page 9 + 1007 Case Size Low Rdc Type (L-DWS Series) ...... Page 9 + 0805 Case Size High Current Type (L-DWI Series) ...... Page 9 + 0806 Case Size High Current Type (L-DWI Series) ...... Page 9 + 1007 Case Size High Current Type (L-DWI Series) ...... Page 10 + 1210 Case Size High Current Type (L-DWI Series) ...... Page 10 + 0805 Case Size Low Profile Type (L-DWL Series) ...... Page 10 + 0603 Case Size Power, Bottom Surface Electrode Type (L-DWF Series) ....... Page 10 +**L-Multilayer Chip Inductors for High Frequency - L-RMS Series** ...... Page 11 + 0201 Case Size Multilayer Chip Inductors for High Frequency (RMS Series) ....... Page 12 + 0402 Case Size Multilayer Chip Inductors for High Frequency (RMS Series) ....... Page 13 + 0603 Case Size Multilayer Chip Inductors for High Frequency (RMS Series) ...... Page 14 + 0805 Case Size Multilayer Chip Inductors for High Frequency (RMS Series) ...... Page 15 +**L-Multilayer Chip Inductors - L-SMS/L-PMS/L-DMI Series** ...... Page 16 + 0402 Case Size Multilayer Chip Inductors (L-SMS Series) ...... Page 17 + 0603 Case Size Multilayer Chip Inductors (L-SMS Series) ...... Page 18 + 0805 Case Size Multilayer Chip Inductors (L-SMS Series) ...... Page 19 + 0603 Case Size Multilayer Chip Inductors (L-PMS Series) ...... Page 20 + 0805 Case Size Multilayer Chip Inductors (L-PMS Series) ...... Page 20 + 1008 Case Size Multilayer Chip Inductors (L-DMI Series) ...... Page 20 + **L-Low Profile SMD Inductors (L-DWD Series)** ...... Page 21 + L-DWD3010 Type (1.0mm Max. Height) ...... Page 21 + L-DWD4010 Type (1.0mm Max. Height) ...... Page 21 + L-DWD4012 Type (1.2mm Max. Height) ...... Page 22 + L-DWD4018 Type (1.8mm Max. Height) ...... Page 22 + L-DWD8040 Type (4.2mm Max. Height) ...... Page 22 + **Z-High Current Ferrite Chip Beads - Z-PWS/Z-PWZ Series** ...... Page 23 + 0603 Case Size High Current Ferrite Chip Beads (Z-PWS Series) ...... Page 24 + 0805 Case Size High Current Ferrite Chip Beads (Z-PWS Series) ...... Page 24 + 1206 Case Size High Current Ferrite Chip Beads (Z-PWS Series) ...... Page 24 + 1806 Case Size High Current Ferrite Chip Beads (Z-PWS Series) ...... Page 24 + 0603-1812 High Impedance Type Ferrite Chip Beads (Z-PWZ Series) ...... Page 25 +**Z-Multilayer Ferrite Chip Beads - Z-SMS/Z-PMS Series** ...... Page 26 + 0201 Multilayer Ferrite Chip Beads Standard Type (SMS Series) ...... Page 27 + 0402 Multilayer Ferrite Chip Beads Standard Type (SMS Series) ...... Page 27 + 0402 Multilayer Ferrite Chip Beads for Power Lines (PMS Series) ...... Page 27 + 0603 Multilayer Ferrite Chip Beads Standard Type (SMS Series) ...... Page 28 + 0603 Multilayer Ferrite Chip Beads for Power Lines (PMS Series) ...... Page 28 + 0805 Multilayer Ferrite Chip Beads Standard Type (SMS Series) ...... Page 29 + 0805 Multilayer Ferrite Chip Beads for Power Lines (PMS Series) ...... Page 29 + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00074.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00074.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9993d4b427ab0df92fb3d272c99f4d817af1507f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00074.md @@ -0,0 +1,505 @@ +## 1207 Case Size Standard Type (L-PWS Series) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Ordering CodeInductance (μH)Inductance ToleranceMinimum Self Resonant Frequency (MHz)DC Resistance (Ω) (±30%)Maximum Rated Current (mA)Measuring Frequency (MHz)Tape & Reel Packaging Quantity
L1207C1R0MPWST1.0±20%1000.0610757.962,000
L1207C1R5MPWST1.5±20%800.078607.962,000
L1207C2R2MPWST2.2±20%680.097757.962,000
L1207C3R3MPWST3.3±20%540.115607.962,000
L1207C4R7MPWST4.7±20%410.135507.962,000
L1207C6R8MPWST6.8±20%400.173807.962,000
L1207C100J_PWST10K=±10%, M=±20%300.253402.522,000
L1207C150J_PWST15K=±10%, M=±20%250.323002.522,000
L1207C220J_PWST22K=±10%, M=±20%190.492552.522,000
L1207C330J_PWST33K=±10%, M=±20%150.752152.522,000
L1207C470J_PWST47K=±10%, M=±20%120.922052.522,000
L1207C680J_PWST68K=±10%, M=±20%111.491452.522,000
L1207C101J_PWST100K=±10%, M=±20%82.401400.7962,000
L1207C151J_PWST150K=±10%, M=±20%73.201050.7962,000
L1207C221J_PWST220K=±10%, M=±20%55.40800.7962,000
L1207C331J_PWST330K=±10%, M=±20%47.00650.7962,000
L1207C471J_PWST470K=±10%, M=±20%3.514.00540.7962,000
L1207C681J_PWST680K=±10%, M=±20%317.00450.7962,000
L1207C102J_PWST1000K=±10%, M=±20%2.427.00390.2522,000
+ +( ) - Insert Inductance Tolerance Code (K or M) + +## 0603 Case Size Standard Type (L-PWF Series - Bottom Surface Electrodes) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Ordering CodeInductance (μH)Inductance ToleranceMinimum Self Resonant Frequency (MHz)DC Resistance (Ω) (±30%)Maximum Rated Current (mA)Measuring Frequency (MHz)Tape & Reel Packaging Quantity
L0603B1R0MPWFT1.0±20%1000.196207.963,000
L0603B2R2MPWFT2.2±20%700.334307.963,000
L0603B4R7MPWFT4.7±20%450.502957.963,000
L0603B100J_PWFT10K=±10%, M=±20%401.202002.523,000
L0603B220J_PWFT22K=±10%, M=±20%183.701302.523,000
L0603B470J_PWFT47K=±10%, M=±20%115.80902.523,000
+ +(_) - Insert Inductance Tolerance Code (K or M) + +## 0805 Case Size High Current Type (L-PWI Series) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Ordering CodeInductance (μH)Inductance ToleranceMinimum Self Resonant Frequency (MHz)DC Resistance (Ω) (±30%)Maximum Rated Current (mA)Measuring Frequency (MHz)Tape & Reel Packaging Quantity
L0805C1R0MPWIT1.0±20%1000.196207.963,000
L0805C2R2MPWIT2.2±20%700.334307.963,000
L0805C4R7MPWIT4.7±20%450.502957.963,000
L0805C100MPWIT10±20%401.202002.523,000
L0805C220MPWIT22±20%163.701302.523,000
L0805C470MPWIT47±20%115.80902.523,000
+ +## 0806 Case Size High Current Type (L-PWI Series) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Ordering CodeInductance (μH)Inductance ToleranceMinimum Self Resonant Frequency (MHz)DC Resistance (Ω) (±30%)Maximum Rated Current (mA)Measuring Frequency (MHz)Tape & Reel Packaging Quantity
L0806C1R0MPWIT1.0±20%1000.106907.962,000
L0806C1R5MPWIT1.5±20%800.156007.962,000
L0806C2R2MPWIT2.2±20%700.205207.962,000
L0806C3R3MPWIT3.3±20%550.274107.962,000
L0806C4R7MPWIT4.7±20%450.373557.962,000
L0806C6R8MPWIT6.8±20%380.592907.962,000
L0806C100MPWIT10±20%320.822452.522,000
L0806C150MPWIT15±20%281.202002.522,000
L0806C220MPWIT22±20%161.801652.522,000
L0806C330MPWIT33±20%142.801352.522,000
L0806C470MPWIT47±20%114.301102.522,000
L0806C680MPWIT68±20%107.00952.522,000
L0806C101MPWIT100±20%88.00750.7962,000
+ + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00075.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00075.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5bfa882294488cb251ba94a03ba10da05cc7908c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00075.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +## 1007 Case Size High Current Type (L-DWI Series) + + +
Ordering CodeInductance (μH)Inductance ToleranceMinimum Self Resonant Frequency (MHz)DC Resistance (Ω) (±30%)Maximum Rated Current (mA)Measuring Frequency (MHz)Tape & Reel Packaging Quantity
12
L1007C1R0MDWIT1.0±20%1000.08100012007.962,000
L1007C2R2MDWIT2.2±20%660.1389011007.962,000
L1007C4R7MDWIT4.7±20%410.205809207.962,000
L1007C100MDWIT10±20%300.364806802.522,000
L1007C220MDWIT22±20%190.773204602.522,000
L1007C470MDWIT47±20%121.902402902.522,000
L1007C101MDWIT100±20%93.71601700.7962,000
L1007C220MDWIT220±20%5.58.41151100.7962,000
L1007C470MDWIT470±20%3.52280700.7962,000
L1007C681MDWIT680±20%32865600.7962,000
+ +## 1210 Case Size High Current Low Rdc Type (L-DWI Series) + + + +
Ordering CodeInductance (μH)Inductance ToleranceMinimum Self Resonant Frequency (MHz)DC Resistance (Ω) (±30%)Maximum Rated Current (mA)Measuring Frequency (MHz)Tape & Reel Packaging Quantity
12
L1210R1R0MDWIT1.0±20%2500.055200014400.11,000
L1210R1R5MDWIT1.5±20%2200.06200013100.11,000
L1210R2R2MDWIT2.2±20%1900.08200011300.11,000
L1210R3R3MDWIT3.3±20%1600.095180010400.11,000
L1210R4R7MDWIT4.7±20%700.1125010100.11,000
L1210R6R8MDWIT6.8±20%500.129309400.11,000
L1210R100J_DWIT10K=±10%, M=±20%230.1339009000.11,000
L1210R150J_DWIT15K=±10%, M=±20%200.1957308500.11,000
L1210R220J_DWIT22K=±10%, M=±20%170.276207800.11,000
L1210R330J_DWIT33K=±10%, M=±20%130.415005700.11,000
L1210R470J_DWIT47K=±10%, M=±20%100.673904800.11,000
L1210R680J_DWIT68K=±10%, M=±20%813204100.11,000
L1210R101J_DWIT100K=±10%, M=±20%61.42703400.11,000
+ +(_) - Insert Inductance Tolerance Code (K or M) + +## 0805 Case Size Low Profile Type (L-DWL Series) + +
Ordering CodeInductance (μH)Inductance ToleranceMinimum Self Resonant Frequency (MHz)DC Resistance (Ω) (±30%)Maximum Rated Current (mA)Measuring Frequency (MHz)Tape & Reel Packaging Quantity
12
L0805C4R7MDWLT4.7±20%450.662754900.104,000
L0805C100MDWLT10±20%321.002053700.104,000
L0805C470MDWLT47±20%114.201001400.104,000
+ +## 0603 Case Size Power, Bottom Surface Electrode Type (L-DWF 1608 Series) + + +
Ordering CodeInductance (μH)Inductance ToleranceMinimum Self Resonant Frequency (MHz)DC Resistance (Ω) (±30%)Maximum Rated Current (mA)Measuring Frequency (MHz)Tape & Reel Packaging Quantity
12
L0603B1R0MDWFT1.0±20%1000.092907707.962,000
L0603B2R2MDWFT2.2±20%800.171905607.962,000
L0603B4R7MDWFT4.7±20%450.241454707.962,000
L0603B100J_DWFT10K=±10%, M=±20%320.361153802.522,000
L0603B220J_DWFT22K=±10%, M=±20%161.00702302.522,000
L0603B470J_DWFT47K=±10%, M=±20%112.5501402.522,000
+( ) - Insert Inductance Tolerance Code (K or M) + +$^{*}$For rated current of ordinary small power choke coils, please refer to the rated current (1) in the above table. + +$^{*}$For current (2) is the current for instantaneous flow such as plunging current of DC/DC converter. + +In case of usage in the circuit where large current may be semiconinuously applied over 5 minutes with auto recovery circuit, etc., please contact our sales section before practical application. + +Rated current (1):Current value to guarantee -30% of nominal inductance (at 20°C) + +Rated current (2): Current value to guarantee component temperature within $\Delta T = 40^{\circ}C$ with current flow. (It's not the current to guarantee the inductance value) + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00076.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00076.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..72aae1bef94dbac8371da73fa1d683552ad0df21 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00076.md @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ + + +## G2E085 Series + +## Centrifugal Blower + +## Ø 85mm + +■ AC single inlet, forward curved centrifugal blower. Via a bracket, the integrated external-rotor motor is mounted on one side of the housing. + +■ Housing of die-cast aluminium; impeller of galvanised sheet-steel. Forward curved impellers are directly press-fitted onto the rotor of the external-rotor motor. + +■ Direction of rotation is CW as seen from suction side. Insulation class "B". + +■ Maintenance-free ball bearings. + +■UL, CSA, VDE approvals on some models. please contact application engineering. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Part NumberCurveCFM @ 0VACHertzPower (W)dBAMax Amb. Temp CBearing TypeFeaturesCapacitor (μF)Wgt. (lbs)
G2S085-AA19-15126.511560*223840BallLeads-1.81
G2S085-AA03-01126.523060*233840BallLeads-1.81
G2E085-AA05-21255.911560285770BallLeads41.69
G2E085-AA01-05255.923060*305770BallLeads11.69
* 50 Hz data available.
+ + + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00077.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00077.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a256d7ebf057bf9c15432ee7e729c7ae8da272aa --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00077.md @@ -0,0 +1,179 @@ +This document was generated on 08/25/2022 + +## PLEASE CHECK WWW.MOLEX.COM FOR LATEST PART INFORMATION + + +
Part Number: 0011020022
Status:Active
Overview:Application Tooling
Description:Insertion Tool for 70021,70028, 70110, 71851 Terminals / Extraction Tool for 91821 Terminals
+ +## Documents: + +RoHS Certificate of Compliance (PDF) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
General
Product FamilyApplication Tooling
Series207121
FunctionInsertion
Geographic AreaGlobal
Level of AutomationManual
More Detailed Tech Informationapplicationtooling@molex.com
OverviewApplication Tooling
Product NameN/A
TaxonomyCrimp Presses and Crimp Hand T
Tool TypeInsertion Hand Tool
UPC800753606471
Warranty DisclaimerCAUTION: Molex tooling crimp specifications are valid only when used with Molex terminals and tooling manufactured by Molex and sold by Molex or authorized distributors ("Molex Tooling"). When using tooling other than Molex Tooling with Molex specific connector systems listed in our ATS documents, the Molex tooling qualification does not apply and the responsibility for full qualification of the connector system is that of the customer. Molex accepts no liability for connector performance or tooling support where tooling other than Molex Tooling is used or where Molex Tooling is modified.
Physical
Net Weight2.920/zg
Material Info
+Engineering NumberHTA60615
Reference - Drawing Numbers
Application Tooling DocumentsATS-011020022-001, TM-638000029-001, TM-638000029CN-001, TM-638000029DE-001, TM-638000029FR-001, TM-638000029IT-001, TM-638000029JP-001, TM-638000029KR-001, TM-638000029MY-001, TM-638000029PL-001, TM-638000029RU-001, TM-638000029SK-001, TM-638000029SP-001, TM-638000029TH-001, TM-638000029TW-001, TM-638000029VN-001
+ + + +## EU ELV + +Not Relevant + +## EU RoHS + +China RoHS + +Not Reviewed + +REACH SVHC + +Not Reviewed + +Halogen-Free + +Status + +Not Relevant + +For more information, please visit Contact US + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
China ROHSNot Relevant
ELVNot Relevant
RoHS PhthalatesNot Reviewed
+ +## Search Parts in this Series + +207121 Series + +## Application Tooling Description + +## FAQ + +## Product # + +SL Crimp Terminal, 16020069 + +Series 70058. + +Female, 24-30 AWG. + +with Tin (Sn) Plated + +Contact. Reel + +SL Crimp Terminal. 16020074 + +Series 70058. + +Female, 32-36 + +AWG, with 0.38μm + +Selective Gold (Au) + +Plated Contact. Reel + +SL Crimp Terminal, 16020077 + +Series 70021. + +Male, with 0.38μm + +Selective Gold (Au) + +Plated Contact. + +24-30 AWG. Reel + +SL Crimp Terminal. 16020078 + +Series 70021. + +Male, with 0.76μm + +Selective Gold (Au) + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00078.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00078.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dfdcfffcc6f76082e50440a805773b20274c199e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00078.md @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +## Absolute Maximum Ratings + +Stresses in excess of the absolute maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device. These are absolute stress ratings only. Functional operation of the device is not implied at these or any other conditions in excess of those given in the performance characteristics of the data sheet. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings for extended periods can adversely affect device reliability. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
ParameterSymbolMinMaxUnit
Laser Reverse VoltageVRLMAX2V
dc Forward CurrentIFLMAX150mA
Operating Case Temperature RangeTC-4070°C
Storage Case Temperature Range*TSG-4085°C
Photodiode Reverse VoltageVRPD MAX10V
Photodiode Forward CurrentIFPD MAX2mA
+ +• Does not apply to shipping container. + +## Handling Precautions + +## Power Sequencing + +To avoid the possibility of damage to the laser module from power supply switching transients, follow this turn-on sequence: + +1. All ground connections + +2. Most negative supply + +3. Most positive supply + +4. All remaining connections + +Reverse the order for the proper turn-off sequence. + +## Electrostatic Discharge + +CAUTION: + +This device is susceptible to damage as a result of electrostatic discharge. Take proper precautions during both handling and testing. Follow guidelines such as JEDEC Publication No. 108-A (Dec. 1988). + +Agere Systems employs a human-body model (HBM) for ESD-susceptibility testing and protection-design evaluation. ESD voltage thresholds are dependent on the critical parameters used to define the model. A standard HBM (resistance = 1.5 k¾, capacitance = 100 pF) is widely used and, therefore, can be used for comparison purposes. The HBM ESD threshold presented here was obtained using these circuit parameters: + + + + + + + + + +
ParameterValueUnit
Human-body Model>400V
+ +Agere Systems Inc. + +## Mounting Instructions + +The minimum fiber bend radius is 1.23 in (31.25 mm). + +To avoid degradation in performance, mount the module on the board as follows: + +1. Place the bottom flange of the module on a flat heat sink at least 0.5 in. x 1.180 in. (12.7 mm x 30 mm) in size. The surface finish of the heat sink should be better than 32 µin. (0.8 µm), and the surface flatness must be better than 0.001 in. (25.4 µm). Using thermal conductive grease is optional; however, thermal performance can be improved by up to 5% if conductive grease is applied between the bottom flange and the heat sink. + +2. Mount four #2-56 screws with Fillister heads (M2-3 mm) at the four screw hole locations (see Outline Diagram). The Fillister head diameter must not exceed 0.140 in. (3.55 mm). Do not apply more than 1 in./lb. of torque to the screws. + + + +Note: Dimensions are in inches and (millimeters). + +Figure 2. Fillister Head Screw + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00079.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00079.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9fb258ffaac459217bc3bbb1e2c673c60065b57c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00079.md @@ -0,0 +1,271 @@ +## D2526 Characteristics + +Minimum and maximum values are testing requirements. Typical values are characteristics of the device and are the result of engineering evaluations. Typical values are for information purposes only and are not part of the testing requirements. + +Table 1. Electrical Characteristics (at 25 °C laser temperature) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
ParameterSymbolTest ConditionsMinTypMaxUnit
Slope EfficiencyηLr = 2 mW (CW)0.060.090.13mW/mA
Threshold CurrentITH1430mA
Laser Forward VoltageVLFLr = 2 mW (CW)1.31.8V
Laser Submount TemperatureTLASER2030°C
Monitor Reverse-bias VoltageaVMRON3510V
Monitor CurrentIMONPoL = 1 mW (CW)0.10.31.5mA
Monitor Dark CurrentIDIf = 0, VMRON = 5 V0.010.1μA
Input ImpedanceZIN25Ω
Thermistor CurrentITC10100μA
Resistance Ratio9.19.6
Thermistor ResistanceRTHTL = 25 °C9.510.5
TEC CurrentITECTL = 25 °C, TC = 70 °C0.61.0A
TEC VoltageVTECTL = 25 °C, TC = 70 °C1.32.0V
TEC CapacityΔTTC = 70 °C50°C
+ +• Standard operating condition is 5.0 V reverse bias. + +† Ratio of thermistor resistance at 0 °C to thermistor resistance at 50 °C. + +Table 2. Optical Characteristics (at 25 °C laser temperature) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
ParameterSymbolTest ConditionsMinTypMaxUnit
Peak Optical Output PowerPPEAK2.0mW
Center Wavelength (See Table 10.)λcTc = 25 °C
CW wavelength
1528.771610.06nm
Line Width (3 dB full width)ΔλModulated at 2.5 Gbit/s at rated power210MHz
Side-mode Suppression RatioSMSRCW30dB
Optical IsolationTc = 0 °C to 70 °C30dB
Wavelength Drift (EOL)ΔλTested over 25-year lifetime±0.1nm
Center Wavelength Drift with Case TemperatureΔλc/ΔTc0 °C ≤ Tc ≤ 70 °C1pm/°C
Wavelength Temperature Tuning Coefficient0.095nm/°C
Tracking ErrorTc = –20 °C/25 °C/70 °C1dB
+ +Table 3. Dispersion Performance + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
ParameterSymbolTest
Conditions
MinTypMaxUnit
Dispersion Penalty for Extended ReachDP1800 ps/nm2.0dB
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00080.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00080.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7556603a6fabdee3cbc6e727043b2111f62c982f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00080.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +## Outline Drawings + +Dimensions are in inches and (millimeters). + + + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00081.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00081.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7edb323795124dd4fbe898e2cf6b83ced30ee0b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00081.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +Pulse is a leading provider of magnetics for telecom infrastructure equipment, customer premises equipment, audio interface applications, and emerging applications such as VoIP. Our broad portfolio of transformers and integrated transformer modules support T1/E1/ISDN-PRI, T3/E3/STS-1, ISDN-S, ISDN-U, Digital Audio, and DDS. + + + +Package options include surface mount, through hole, single, dual, quad and octal covering standard and extended temperature ranges. Many parts meet ANSI, ITU and ETSI requirements, and many are recognized by UL, TUV, Austel and/or CSA. Numerous models incorporate our patented "Interlock Base" construction, ensuring high reliability. + +Please see our "Telecom IC Cross Reference" section that begins on page 18. + +## TRANSFORMERS + + + + + + + + + + + + +
T1/E1/CEPT/ISDN-Pri-SINGLE,DUAL
Part NumberRoHS-6 Part NumberTurns RatioPackage L/W/H (in.)*Data SheetPart NumberRoHS-6 Part NumberTurns RatioPackage L/W/H (in.)*Data Sheet
SINGLE TRANSFORMERS 1.5 kV Isolation, Standard Temperature Range, THT3.0 kV – Reinforced Insulation per IEC 950, THT (continued)
PE-64931PE-64931NL1:1:1 (1:2CS)350 / 500 / 250T608PE-65832PE-65832NL1:1.36CT558 / 558 / 400T608
PE-64933PE-64933NL1CT:3CT350 / 500 / 250T608PE-65833PE-65833NL1CT:2CT558 / 558 / 400T608
PE-64934PE-64934NL1:1350 / 500 / 250T608PE-65834PE-65834NL1:1558 / 558 / 400T608
PE-64936PE-64936NL1CT:1350 / 500 / 250T608PE-65835 †PE-65835NL1CT:2CT558 / 558 / 400T608
PE-64937PE-64937NL1:1.36350 / 500 / 250T608PE-65836PE-65836NL1CT:3CT:1558 / 558 / 400T608
PE-64940PE-64940NL1:1:1.58350 / 500 / 250T608PE-65837PE-65837NL1:1.08:1.36558 / 558 / 400T608
PE-64941PE-64941NL1:1:2350 / 500 / 250T608PE-65838PE-65838NL1:1.14558 / 558 / 400T608
PE-64942PE-64942NL1:1:2.62350 / 500 / 250T608PE-65839PE-65839NL1:1:1.266558 / 558 / 400T608
PE-64943PE-64943NL1CT:2CT350 / 500 / 250T608PE-68646PE-68646NL1:1.58:2558 / 558 / 400T608
PE-65351PE-65351NL1:2CT350 / 500 / 250T608PE-68788PE-68788NL1CT:1.41CT558 / 558 / 400T608
PE-65363PE-65363NL1:4CT350 / 500 / 250T608DUAL TRANSFORMERS
PE-65379PE-65379NL1:1.4CT350 / 500 / 250T6081.5 kV Isolation, Extended Temperature Range, THT
PE-65388PE-65388NL1:1.15CT350 / 500 / 250T608PE-68618PE-68618NL1CT:1CT & 1CT:3CT:0.251000 / 390 / 290T608
PE-65389PE-65389NL1:1:1.266350 / 500 / 250T608PE-64950PE-64950NL1CT:1CT & 1CT:3CT:11000 / 390 / 290T608
PE-65415PE-65415NL1CT:2CT350 / 500 / 250T608PE-65567PE-65567NL1:1.15CT & 1:2CT800 / 390 / 290T608
PE-65558PE-65558NL1:2.3CT350 / 500 / 250T608PE-65568PE-65568NL1:1:1.266 & 1:2CT800 / 390 / 290T608
PE-65755PE-65755NL1CT:1CT350 / 500 / 250T608PE-65774PE-65774NL1CT:2CT & 1:1.36CT800 / 390 / 290T608
PE-68644PE-68644NL1CT:1350 / 500 / 250T6081.5 kV Isolation, Standard Temperature Range, THT
PE-68645PE-68645NL1:1.36CT350 / 500 / 250T608PE-64951PE-64951NL1:2CT & 1:2CT800 / 390 / 250T608
TI064TI064NL1:1.5CT350 / 500 / 250T608PE-64952PE-64952NL1:2CT & 1:1.36CT800 / 390 / 250T608
TI249TI249NL1:1.26CT350 / 500 / 250T608PE-64953PE-64953NL1:2CT & 1:2CT800 / 390 / 250T608
1.5 kV Isolation, Extended Temperature Range, THTPE-64954PE-64954NL1CT:2CT & 1:1800 / 390 / 250T608
PE-68664PE-68664NL1:1/1.26350 / 500 / 250T608PE-64955PE-64955NL1:58.2CT & 1:58.1800 / 390 / 250T608
PE-65340PE-65340NL1:1.36350 / 500 / 250T608PE-64956PE-64956NL2.2CT & 2:1800 / 390 / 250T608
PE-65770PE-65770NL1:1.15CT350 / 500 / 250T608PE-64957PE-64957NL2.62.2CT & 2.62:1800 / 390 / 250T608
PE-65771PE-65771NL1CT:2CT350 / 500 / 250T608PE-65565PE-65565NL1:1.15CT & 1:2CT800 / 390 / 250T608
PE-65778PE-65778NL1CT:1CT350 / 500 / 250T608PE-65566PE-65566NL1:1:1.266 & 1:2CT800 / 390 / 250T608
PE-68600PE-68600NL1CT:3CT350 / 500 / 250T6081.5 kV Isolation, Standard Temperature Range, BH Package, SMT
TX1252TX1252NL1CT:1350 / 500 / 250T608TI136TI136NL1CT:1CT & 1CT:1.36CT505 / 375 / 245T608
TI229TI229NL1:1.583CT350 / 500 / 250T659TI1022TI1022NL1CT:1CT & 1CT:1.5CT505 / 375 / 245T608
1.5 kV Isolation, Extended Temperature Range, SMTTI1190TI1190NL1CT:1.36CT & 1CT:1CT505 / 375 / 245T654
TX12811CT:1220 / 305 / 200T669PE-65861PE-65861NL1CT:2CT & 1CT:2CT505 / 375 / 245T608
TX12821:4CT:1220 / 305 / 200T669PE-65862PE-65862NL1CT:2CT & 1:1.36CT505 / 375 / 245T608
TX12831:35CT:1220 / 305 / 200T669PE-65865PE-65865NL1:1.15CT & 1CT:2CT505 / 375 / 245T608
TX12841:26CT:1220 / 305 / 200T669PE-65866PE-65866NL1:1/1.26 & 1CT:2CT505 / 375 / 245T608
TX14911CT:1220 / 305 / 200T669PE-65870PE-65870NL1CT:1.15CT & 1CT:1.15CT505 / 375 / 245T608
TX14922CT:1220 / 305 / 200T669PE-68678PE-68678NL1CT:1CT & 1CT:2CT505 / 375 / 245T608
TX13141:1/1.26300 / 390 / 250T678PE-68786PE-68786NL1CT:1.41CT & 1CT:1.41CT505 / 375 / 245T608
TX13151CT:1CT300 / 390 / 250T678TI1023TI1023NL1CT:1.41CT & 1CT:1.41CT505 / 375 / 245T608
TX13201CT:1.36CT300 / 390 / 250T678TI1137TI1137NL1CT:2.42CT & 1CT:2.42CT505 / 375 / 245T608
3.0 kV – Reinforced Insulation per IEC 950, THTTI1021TI1021NL2CT:1/1.26 & 2CT:1/1.26505 / 375 / 245T637
PE-65830PE-65830NL1:1:1.58558 / 558 / 400T608TI1075TI1075NL2CS:1.5/12 & 2CS:1.5/12505 / 375 / 245T637
PE-65831PE-65831NL1:1:2558 / 558 / 400T608TI1122TI1122NL1CT:2CT & 1CT:2.3CT505 / 375 / 245T608
TI1121TI1121NL1CT:1.5CT & 1CT:1.5CT505 / 375 / 245T608
TI1286TI1286NL1CT:2.4CT & 1CT:2.4CT505 / 375 / 245T608
+ +1. To make a 1CT:1 ratio from a 1CT2CT ratio, use only one-half the 2CT winding. + +*LW/H is measured on surface mount parts tip to tip (height includes wash area). + +SMT - Surface Mount Package + +THT - Through Hole Package + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00082.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00082.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d28dc651fe867de03f5dae476fc13c3b25951364 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00082.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +## TRANSFORMERS, TRANSFORMER/CHOKE INTERFACE MODULES + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
T1/E1/CEPT/ISDN-Pri-SINGLE,DUAL, Quad
Part NumberRoHS-6 Part NumberTurns RatioPackage L/W/H (in.)*Data SheetPart NumberRoHS-6 Part NumberTurns RatioPackage L/W/H (in.)*Data Sheet
DUAL TRANSFORMERS 1.5 kV Isolation, Extended Temperature Range, BH Package, SMT3.0 kV Isolation – Standard Temperature Range, SMT (continued)
TI090TI090NL1CT:2CT & 1CT:2CT505 / 375 / 245T608TI0441CT:2CT & 1CT:1.36CT745 / 395 / 395T617
TI091TI091NL1CT:2CT & 1:1.36CT505 / 375 / 245T608TI0451CT:2CT & 1CT:2CT960 / 745 / 395T617
TI092TI092NL1:1.15CT & 1CT:2CT505 / 375 / 245T608TI0471CT:2CT & 1CT:2CT960 / 745 / 395T617
TI093TI093NL1:1/1.26 & 1CT:2CT505 / 375 / 245T608TI0491CT:1.26CT & 1CT:2CT960 / 745 / 395T617
TI094TI094NL1CT:1.15CT & 1CT:1.15CT505 / 375 / 245T608TI0821CT:2.4CT & 1CT:2.42CT950 / 745 / 395T617
TI095TI095NL1CT:1CT & 1CT:1CT505 / 375 / 245T608TI0831CT:2.4CT & 1CT:1CT675 / 600 / 340T666
TI144TI144NL1CT:1CT & 1CT:2CT505 / 375 / 245T608DUAL TRANSFORMER/CHOKE
INTERFACE MODULES 1.5 kV Isolation, Extended Temperature Range, SMT
TI096TI096NL1CT:1.41CT & 1CT:1.41CT505 / 375 / 245T608
TI097TI097NL1CT:1.41CT & 1CT:1.41CT505 / 375 / 245T608TI207TI207NL1CT:2CT & 1CT:2CT675 / 600 / 340T660
TI146TI146NL1:2.2:4 & 1:0.79:1505 / 375 / 245T608TI208TI208NL1CT:1.36CT & 1CT:1.36CT675 / 600 / 340T660
TX1068TX1068NL1CT:2CT & 1CT:2.42CT505 / 375 / 245T608TI209TI209NL1CT:1.15CT & 1CT:2CT675 / 600 / 340T660
TX1089TX1089NL1CT:1CT & 1CT:1CT505 / 375 / 245T608TI210TI210NL1CT:1.26CT & 1CT:2CT675 / 600 / 340T660
TX1098TX1098NL1CT:1:0.8 & 1CT:1:0.8505 / 375 / 245T608TI211TI211NL1CT:1.15CT & 1CT:1.15CT675 / 600 / 340T660
TX1267TX1267NL1CT:2.42CT & 1CT:2.42CT505 / 375 / 245T608TI212TI212NL1CT:1CT & 1CT:2CT675 / 600 / 340T660
TX1317TX1317NL1:2CT & 1:2CS505 / 375 / 245T608TI213TI213NL1CT:1.15CT & 1CT:1.15CT675 / 600 / 340T660
TX1196TX1196NL1CT:1.58:2 & 1:1.58:2505 / 375 / 245T608TI214TI214NL1CT:1.36CT & 1CT:1.36CT675 / 600 / 340T660
TX1187TX1187NL1CT:2CT & 1:1505 / 375 / 245T608TI215TI215NL1CT:1.41CT & 1CT:1.41CT675 / 600 / 340T660
TX1188TX1188NL1CT:2CT & 1CT:2CT505 / 375 / 245T608TI216TI216NL1CT:2.3CT & 1CT:2CT675 / 600 / 340T660
TX1189TX1189NL1:1.36CT & 1:2CT505 / 375 / 245T608TI217TI217NL1CT:2.4CT & 1CT:2.42CT675 / 600 / 340T660
TX1467TX1467NL1CT:1:1 & 1CT:1:1505 / 375 / 245T608TI218TI218NL1CT:1CT & 1CT:1CT675 / 600 / 340T660
1.5 kV Isolation, Standard Temperature Range, ANTE Package, SMTTI219TI219NL1CT:2.4CT & 1CT:1CT675 / 600 / 340T660
TI131TI131NL1CT:1 & 1CT:1675 / 600 / 340T608TI220TI220NL1CT:2CT & 1CT:2CT675 / 600 / 340T660
PE-68861PE-68861NL1CT:2CT & 1CT:2CT675 / 600 / 340T608QUAD TRANSFORMER/CHOKE INTERFACE MODULES
1.5 kV Isolation, Extended Temperature Range, SMT
PE-68862PE-68862NL1CT:2CT & 1:1.36CT675 / 600 / 340T608
PE-68863PE-68863NL1:2CT & 1:1.4CT675 / 600 / 340T608TX1196TX1196NL1CT:2CT & 1CT:2CT690 / 630 / 225T662
PE-68864PE-68864NL1CT:2CT & 1:1675 / 600 / 340T608TX1197TX1197NL1CT:2CT & 1CT:2CT690 / 630 / 225T662
PE-68865PE-68865NL1:1.15CT & 1CT:2CT675 / 600 / 340T608TX1198TX1198NL1CT:2.3CT & 1CT:2CT690 / 630 / 225T662
PE-68866PE-68866NL1:1/1.26 & 1:2CT675 / 600 / 340T608TX1199TX1199NL1CT:1.36CT & 1CT:1CT690 / 630 / 225T662
PE-68869PE-68869NL1CT:2CT & 1:1.09CT675 / 600 / 340T608TX1300TX1300NL1CT:1.36CT & 1CT:1CT690 / 630 / 225T662
PE-68836PE-68870NL1:1/1.26 & 1:1.09CT675 / 600 / 340T608TX1301TX1301NL1CT:1.15CT & 1CT:2CT690 / 630 / 225T662
1.5 kV Isolation, Extended Temperature Range, ANTE Package, SMTTX13371CT:1CT & 1CT:1CT537 / 590 / 245T665
PE-68822PE-68822NL1CT:2CT & 1:1.36CT675 / 600 / 340T608QUAD TRANSFORMERS (four transformers per package)
1.5 kV Isolation, Extended Temperature Range, SMT
PE-68825PE-68825NL1:1.15CT & 1CT:2CT675 / 600 / 340T608
PE-68826PE-68826NL1:1/1.26 & 1:2CT675 / 600 / 340T608TX1321TX1321NL1CT:2CT & 1CT:2CT690 / 630 / 225T662
PE-68827PE-68827NL1:1CT & 2:1675 / 600 / 340T608TX1322TX1322NL1CT:2.4CT & 1CT:2.42CT690 / 630 / 225T662
PE-68828PE-68828NL1CT:1CT & 1CT:1CT675 / 600 / 340T608TX1323TX1323NL1CT:2CT & 1CT:1CT690 / 630 / 225T662
PE-68841PE-68841NL1CT:2CT & 1CT:2CT675 / 600 / 340T608TX1324TX1324NL1CT:1.15CT & 1CT:1.15CT690 / 630 / 225T662
PE-68874PE-68874NL1CT:1.15CT & 1CT:1.15CT675 / 600 / 340T608TX1325TX1325NL1CT:1.41CT & 1CT:1.41CT690 / 630 / 225T662
PE-68877PE-68877NL1CT:1CT & 1CT:2CT675 / 600 / 340T608TX1326TX1326NL1CT:2CT & 1CT:2CT690 / 630 / 225T662
PE-68881PE-68881NL1CT:2.3CT & 1CT:2.3CT675 / 600 / 340T608TX1327TX1327NL1CT:2CT & 1CT:2CT690 / 630 / 225T662
PE-68882PE-68882NL1:1.15CT & 1CT:1CT675 / 600 / 340T608TX1328TX1328NL1CT:2.4CT & 1CT:2.4CT690 / 630 / 225T662
PE-68884PE-68884NL1CT:1.36CT & 1CT:1.36CT675 / 600 / 340T608TX1329TX1329NL1CT:1.36CT & 1CT:2CT690 / 630 / 225T662
PE-68887PE-68887NL1CT:1.41CT & 1CT:1.41CT675 / 600 / 340T608TX1330TX1330NL1CT:1.36CT & 1CT:1CT690 / 630 / 225T662
TX1277TX1277NL1CT:1CT & 1CT:1CT675 / 600 / 340T608TX1331TX1331NL1CT:1.15CT & 1CT:2CT690 / 630 / 225T662
3.0 kV Isolation – Standard Temperature Range, SMTQUAD TRANSFORMERS (four transformers per package)
1.5 kV Isolation, Standard Temperature Range, SMT
TI0301CT:1CT & 1CT:1CT960 / 745 / 395T617
TI0811CT:1CT & 1CT:1.5CT960 / 745 / 395T617TI1005TI1005NL1:1 & 1:1.361,000 / 425 / 295T615
TI0311CT:1CT & 1CT:2CT960 / 745 / 395T617TI1006TI1006NL1:1.267 & 1:1.581,000 / 425 / 295T615
TI0321CT:1.15CT & 1CT:1CT960 / 745 / 395T617TI1007TI1007NL1:1 & 1:2CT1,000 / 425 / 295T615
TI0331CT:1.15CT & 1CT:1.15CT960 / 745 / 395T617TI1008TI1008NL1:1.364 & 1:21,000 / 425 / 295T615
TI0341CT:1.15CT & 1CT:1.15CT960 / 745 / 395T617TI1009TI1009NL1:1 & 1:1.2651,000 / 425 / 295T615
TI0351CT:1.15CT & 1CT:1.36CT960 / 745 / 395T617TI1010TI1010NL1:1.36CT1,000 / 425 / 295T615
TI0361CT:1CT & 1CT:1.36CT960 / 745 / 395T617TI1011TI1011NL1:1.15 & 1:21,000 / 425 / 295T615
TI0371CT:1.41CT & 1CT:1.41CT960 / 745 / 395T617TI1012TI1012NL1:2.3 & 1:21,000 / 425 / 295T615
TI0801CT:1.41CT & 1CT:1.41CT960 / 745 / 395T617
TI0391CT:2CT & 1CT:1.08CT960 / 745 / 395T617
TI0431CT:2CT & 1CT:1.4CT960 / 745 / 395T617
+ +*L/W/H is measured on surface mount parts tip to tip (height includes wash area). + +SMT - Surface Mount Package + +THT - Through Hole Package + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00083.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00083.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0bd65b686bda656a476f1430ae56282e9241816b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00083.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +## IC CROSS REFERENCE + + + +
ISDN U-Interface
IC Manufacturer/
IC Part Number
Recommended Transformer
1.5 kV2 kV2.5 kV3 kV
THTSMTTHTSMT
Alcatel (Microelectronics)
MTC20278T4043
AKM
AK5204T4022
Infineon Technologies (Siemens)
PEB 2091PT5031T4031PE-65575T4002PE-68889
PEB 8091/8191T4031PE-65575T4002PE-68889
PEB 2092/20901T4037PE-65578
PEB 24902/11T4031PE-65575T4002PE-68889
PSB 21910/11T4031PE-65575T4002PE-68889
PEB 2491T4032
PEB 20901T4037PE-65578
PEB 2095
PSB 2198
Lucent Technologies
T7234PT4084T4008
Motorola
MC145472PE-65579
MC145572PT5082T4033PE-688281$^1$T40014$^4$PE-69888
National Semiconductor
TP3410PT5065PE-65583PE-69831
PE-65584T4004
Thomson
SD 5411PE-65581T4006PE-69831
+ +
Echelon® & Digital Audio
IC ManufacturerIC Part NumberSingle
SMTTHT
Echelon3120™ 1.25 MbpsPE-65848PE-65948
3150™ 1.25 MbpsPE-65848PE-66948
AKMAK4101PE-65812PE-65612
AK4102PE-65812PE-65612
AK4103PE-65812PE-65612
Cirrus LogicCS8401/2/3/4PE-65812PE-65612
CS8405/8415PE-65812PE-65612
CS8413/14/27PE-65812PE-65612
CS8406/8416-T8074/T6076
RealtekALS300+PE-65812PE-65612
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
DDS/Switched 56
IC ManufacturerIC Part NumberRecommended Transformer
Dual SMT
IntelLXT 44117002
IntelLXT 441T7006
+ +
SONE/SDH (STM-1/E4/CMB) DUAL TRANSFORMERS
IC ManufacturerIC Part NumberRecommended Transformer
Single SMT
AMCC53015,S3006,S30318A7802
IntelLXT6155ST6200GNL
+ + + + + +
ISDN S-Interface
IC Manufacturer/
Part Number
Dual SMTSingle THTDual THTDual SMT Module
1.5kVrms
THT Module w/
Choke 1.5kVrms
Single THT
3kVrms
Dual SMT
3kVrms
PCMCIA
TX & RXTX & RXTX & RXTX & RXTX & RXTX & RXTX & RXTX & RX
Alcatel (Microelectronics)
MTC2072, MTC2072PE-65795/T5007*/ST5069PE-64995PE-65495T5034/T5038/ST5201T5015/T5012PE-68995/T5035T5042T5003
MTC20270/77PE-65795/T5007*/ST5069PE-64995PE-65495T5034/T5038/ST5201T5015/T5012PE-68995/T5035T5042T5003
AMD
AM79C30/32PE-65799/T50081†PE-84999PE-65499T60341/TG038/5T5201J6015/T5062PE-B89G6/T6035T5042T5003
Cologne Chip Design
HFC-SXXPE-65795/T5007*/ST5069PE-64995PE-65495T5034/T5038/ST5201T5015/T5012PE-68995/T5035T5042T5003
Infineon Technologies (Siemens)
PEB2080/81/84/85/86PE-65795/T5007*/ST5069PE-64995PE-65495T5034/T5038/ST5201T5015/T5012PE-68995/T5035T5042T5003
PSB2115/86PE-65795/T5007*/ST5069PE-64995PE-65495T5034/T5038/ST5201T5015/T5012PE-68995/T5035T5042T5003
PSB21381/82/83/84PE-65793/T5008*/ST5048PE-64993PE-65493T5049T5011PE-68993T5002
PEB3018/86 PSB3186PE-65793/T5008*/ST5048PE-64993PE-65493T5049T5011PE-68993T5002
PEB8090/91, PEB8190/91T5034/T5038/ST5201T5015/T5012PE-68995/T5035T5042
Intel
29C53PE-65795/T5010 */ST5069PE-64995PE-65495T5034/T5038/ST5201T5015/T5012PE-68995/T5035T5042T5003
Lucent Technologies
T7234, T7254PE-65798/T5025*PE-64998PE-65498T5037/T5039T5013PE-68998T5043T5004
T7250/56/59PE-65798/T5025*PE-64998PE-65498T5037/T5039T5013PE-68998T5043T5004
T7901/03PE-65795/T5007*/ST5069PE-64995PE-65495T5034/T5038/ST5201T5015/T5012PE-68995/T5035T5042T5003
Mitel
MT8830/31PE-65795/T5007*/ST5069PE-64995PE-65495T5034/T5038/ST5201T5015/T5012PE-68995/T5035T5042T5003
Motorola
MC145474/475PE-65793/T5008*/ST5048PE-64993PE-65493T5049T5011PE-68993T5002
MC145574PE-65798/T5025*PE-64998PE-65498T5037/T5039T5013PE-68998T5043T5004
National Semiconductor
TP3420/21PE-65795/T5007*/ST5069PE-64995PE-65495T5034/T5038/ST5201T5015/T5012PE-68995/T5035T5042T5003
SGS Thomson
ST5420/21PE-65795/T5007*/ST5069PE-64995PE-65495T5034/T5038/ST5201T5015/T5012PE-68995/T5035T5042T5003
Yamaha
705B, YTD421PE-65795/T5007*/ST5069PE-64995PE-65495T5034/T5038/ST5201T5015/T5012PE-68995/T5035T5042T5003
+ +NOTE: LP = Low Profile + +$^{*}$L/W/H is measured on surface mount parts tip to tip height includes wash area. + +SMT - Surface Mount Package + +THT - Through Holo Package + + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00084.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00084.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8788e031fc57cab77869bd4a9bd8bb827f484fb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00084.md @@ -0,0 +1,586 @@ +TELECOM IC CROSS REFERENCE + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
IC CROSS REFERENCE: T1/E1/CEPT/ISDN-Pri FOR SINGLE & MULTIPORT PORT ICs
SINGLE THTDUAL THTREINFORCED 3 kVrmsQUAD SMTOCTAL SMTPROTECTION MODULES
EXTENDED TEMPSTD TEMPEXT TEMPSTANDARD TEMPDUAL SMTSTANDARD TEMPSTD TEMPEXT TEMPSTD TEMPEXT TEMP
TXRXTXRXTXRXTX & RXTXRXTX & RXTX & RXTX & RXTX & RX
PE-65771PE-65771PE-64951PE-65835PE-65835T1045T1006T1006T1065T1105
PE-65770PE-65771PE-65565PE-65567PE-65838PE-65835T1034T1007T1006T1070T1110
PE-68664PE-65771PE-65566PE-65568PE-65839PE-65835T1049T1009T1006T1068T1108
PE-68664PE-65771PE-65566PE-65568PE-65839PE-65835T1049T1009T1006T1071T1111
PE-65771PE-65771PE-64951PE-65838PE-65835T1045T1006T1006T1073T1113
PE-65770PE-65770PE-65838PE-65838T1033T1007T1007T1064T1104
PE-65771PE-64951PE-65568PE-65835PE-65835T1031T1006T1006T1068T1108
PE-65771PE-65771PE-64951PE-65835PE-65835T1081
PE-65770PE-65771PE-65565PE-65567PE-65838PE-65835T1034T1007T1006T1070T1110
PE-65771PE-65771PE-64951PE-65835PE-65835T1045T1006T1006T1065T1105
PE-65770PE-65770PE-65838PE-65838T1033T1007T1007T1064T1104
PE-65771PE-65771PE-64951PE-65835PE-65835T1045T1006T1006T1065T1105
PE-65771PE-65771PE-64951PE-65835PE-65835T1045T1006T1006T1065T1105
PE-68664PE-65778PE-65566PE-65568PE-65839PE-65834T1049T1009T1009T1071T1111
PE-65771PE-65771PE-64951PE-65835PE-65835T1045T1006T1006T1065T1105
PE-65771PE-65778PE-64951PE-65835PE-65834T1031T1006T1006T1068T1108
PE-65771PE-65778PE-64951PE-65835PE-65834T1031T1006T1006T1068T1108
PE-65771PE-65778PE-64951PE-65835PE-65834T1031T1006T1006T1068T1108
PE-65340PE-65771PE-64952PE-65774PE-65837PE-65835T1044T1008T1008T1067T1107
PE-65771PE-65771PE-64951PE-65835PE-65835T1045T1006T1006T1124T1114
PE-65771PE-65771PE-64951PE-65835PE-65835T1045T1006T1006T1124T1114
PE-65771PE-65778PE-64951PE-65835PE-65834T1031T1006T1006T1068T1108
PE-65771PE-65778PE-64951PE-65835PE-65834T1031T1006T1006T1068T1108
PE-65771PE-65778PE-64951PE-65835PE-65834T1031T1006T1006T1068T1108
PE-68788PE-68788T1037T1069T1109
PE-68788PE-68788T1080T1069T1109
T1142T1231TX9031
PE-65771PE-65771PE-64951PE-65835PE-65835T1045T1006T1006T1065T1105
PE-65771PE-65771PE-64951PE-65835PE-65835T1045T1006T1006T1065T1105
PE-65770PE-65771PE-65565PE-65567PE-65838PE-65835T1034T1016T1016T1070T1110
PE-68664PE-65771PE-65566PE-65568PE-65839PE-65835T1049T1009T1009T1071T1111
T1047T1017T1017
PE-65771PE-65778PE-64954PE-65835PE-65834T1031T1006T1006T1068T1108
PE-68600PE-65778PE-64950PE-65836PE-65834
PE-65771PE-65778PE-64954PE-65835PE-65834T1031T1006T1006T1068T1108
PE-65771PE-65771PE-64951PE-65835PE-65835T1045T1006T1006T1065T1105
T1047T1017T1017
PE-65770PE-65771PE-65565PE-65567PE-65838PE-65835T1034T1016T1016T1070T1110
PE-65771PE-65771PE-64951PE-65835PE-65835T1045T1006T1006T1065T1105
PE-65340PE-65771PE-64952PE-65774PE-65832PE-65835T1035T1001T1001T1067T1107
PE-68664PE-65771PE-65566PE-65568PE-65839PE-65835T1049T1009T1009T1071T1111
PE-65778PE-64951PE-65835T1030T1006T1065T1105
PE-65771PE-65778PE-64954PE-65835PE-65834T1031T1006T1006T1068T1108
PE-65770PE-65771PE-65565PE-65567PE-65838PE-65835T1034T1016T1016T1070T1110
T1047T1017T1017
PE-65771PE-65778PE-64954PE-65835PE-65834T1031T1006T1006T1068T1108
PE-65770PE-65771PE-65565PE-65567PE-65838PE-65835T1034T1016T1016T1070T1110
T1047T1017T1017
PE-65771PE-65778PE-64954PE-65835PE-65834T1031T1006T1006T1068T1108T9030T9030
PE-65771PE-65771PE-64951PE-65835PE-65835T1045T1006T1006T1124T1114T9030T9030
PE-65778PE-65778PE-64951PE-65835PE-65835T1030T1006T1006T1068T1108
PE-65340PE-65771PE-64952PE-65774PE-65832PE-65835T1044T1008T1008T1067T1107
PE-65770PE-65770PE-65565PE-65567PE-65838PE-65838T1034T1007T1007T1070T1110
PE-65340PE-65340PE-65832PE-65832T1036T1010T1010T1063T1103
PE-65770PE-65770PE-65838PE-65838T1033T1007T1007T1064T1104
T1180
PE-65770PE-65770PE-65838PE-65838T1033T1007T1007T1064T1104
PE-65340PE-65340PE-65832PE-65832T1036T1010T1010T1063T1103
PE-65771PE-65778PE-64951PE-65568PE-65838PE-65838T1031T1006T1006T1068T1108
PE-65770PE-65778PE-65565PE-65567PE-65838PE-65834T1032T1007T1006T1070T1110
PE-65340PE-65778PE-64952PE-65774PE-65832PE-65834T1038T1001T1001TX1292TX1292
PE-65771PE-65778PE-64951PE-65568PE-65838PE-65838T1031T1006T1006T1068T1108
PE-65340PE-65778PE-64952PE-65774PE-65832PE-65834T1038T1001T1001TX1292TX1292
PE-65771PE-65778PE-64951PE-65568PE-65838PE-65838T1031T1006T1006T1068T1108
PE-65770PE-65778PE-65565PE-65567PE-65838PE-65834T1032T1007T1006T1070T1110
PE-65340PE-65778PE-64952PE-65774PE-65832PE-65834T1038T1001T1001TX1292TX1292
PE-65771PE-65778PE-64951PE-65568PE-65838PE-65838T1031T1006T1006T1068T1108
PE-65771PE-65778PE-64951PE-65568PE-65838PE-65838T1031T1006T1006T1068T1108
PE-65771PE-65778PE-64951PE-65568PE-65838PE-65838T1031T1006T1006T1068T1108
PE-68064PE-65771PE-65566PE-65568PE-65839PE-65835T1049T1009T1006T1071T1111
PE-68064PE-65771PE-65566PE-65568PE-65839PE-65835T1049T1009T1006T1071T1111
T1006T1006T1124T1114
PE-65340PE-65771PE-64952PE-65774PE-65832PE-65834T1038T1001T1001T1067T1107
PE-65770PE-65771PE-65565PE-65567PE-65838PE-65834T1032T1007T1007T1070T1110
PE-65340PE-65771PE-64952PE-65774PE-65832PE-65835T1044T1008T1008T1067T1107
PE-65771PE-65771PE-64951PE-65835PE-65835T1045T1006T1006T1073T1113TX9023
PE-65771PE-65771PE-64951PE-65835PE-65835T1045T1006T1006T1073T1113TX9023
TX9027
T1082T1180TX1299T9021TX9020
T1180
T1142T1231
PE-65771PE-65778PE-64954PE-65568PE-65835PE-65834T1031T1068T1108
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00085.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00085.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a44a057c86463d22364da2ea7d9ad5879b8c6463 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00085.md @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +## Features + +• Single coil or double latching power relay + +• Creepage distance 8.4mm + +• Heavy contact load, strong shock and vibration resistance + +• UL/CUL certified + +## Contact Data* + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Contact Arrangement1A=SPST
1C=SPDT
Contact Resistance<50 milliohms initial
Contact Material$\mathrm {AgSnO}_{2},\mathrm {AgSnO}_{2}\mathrm {In}_{2}\mathrm {O}_{3}$
Maximum Switching Power$4000VA$
Maximum Switching Voltage300VAC
Maximum Switching Current20A
+ + + + + + + +
Contact Rating N.O.16A@250VAC resistive,
50k cycles,85C ambient
N.C.16A@250VAC resistive,
50k cycles,85C ambient
+ +## Coil Data* + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Coill Voltage
VDC
Coll Resistance
Q+/-10%
Pick Up Voltage VDC (max)
70% of rated
voltage
Pulse Magnitude msCoil Power
W
Operate Time
ms
Reset Time
ms
RatedMax4W6W
33.922.5152.1≥50.4
.6
≤10≤10
56.562.5423.5
67.890.0604.2
911.7202.51356.3
1215.6360.02408.4
2431.21440.088616.8
+ +## General Data* + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Electrical Life @rated load50K cycles,average
Mechanical Life500K cycles,average
Insulation Resistance1000 Ω min.@500VDC initial
Dielectric Strength Coil to Contact
Contact to Contact
5000V rms min.@sea level initial
1000V rms min.@sea level initial
Shock Resistance98m/s2 for 11 ms
Vibration Resistance1.50mm double amplitude 10-55Hz
Operating Temperature-40℃ to+85℃
Storage Temperature-40℃ to +85℃
Solderability260°℃ for 5s
Weight13g
+ +Values can change due to the switching frequency, desired reliability levels, environmental conditions and in-rush load levels. It is recommended to test actual load conditions for the application. It is the user's responsibility to determine the performance suitability for their specific application. The use of any coil voltage less than the rated coil voltage may compromise the operation of the relay. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00086.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00086.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c514045073d5509831ca935a4f732b43ede3c159 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00086.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +## Ordering Information + + + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00087.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00087.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..57dbb8bdc11beae5e83ebfd5eb3a2ef23f0a2e5e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00087.md @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +## Schematics & PC Layouts - Single Coil Shown and supplied in the RESET position + +## Bottom Views + + + +1A + + + +1C + + + +1A Reversed Polarity + + + +1C Reversed Polarity + + + +1A Single Coil + + + +1C Single Coil + +## Schematics & PC Layouts - Double Coil Shown and supplied in the RESET position + +## Bottom Views + + + +1A + + + +1C + + + +1A Reversed Polarity + + + +1C Reversed Polarity + + + +1A Alternate Set & Reset + + + +1C Alternate Set & Reset + + + +1A Reversed Polarity Alternate Set & Reset + + + +1C Reversed Polarity Alternate Set & Reset + + + +1A Double Coil + + + +1C Double Coil \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00088.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00088.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f99d332bcfc9ce7abf8fe46d0a9d84c9ec1e245f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00088.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +## E13C9 Series + +• RoHS Compliant (Pb-Free) + +• LVPECL Output Oscillators + +• 3.3V Supply Voltage + +• AT-Cut Fundamental Mode Inverted Mesa Crystal + +• Ceramic 6-pad SMD Package + +• Stability to 25ppm + +• Tri-State Enable High and Enable Low Options Available on Pad 1 or Pad 2 + +• Complementary Output + +• Wide Range of Available Frequencies + + + +## ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS + + + + + + +
Nominal Frequency19.440MHz to 200.000MHz
Operating Temperature Range0°C to 70°C, or -40°C to +85°C
Storage Temperature Range-55°C to 125°C
Supply Voltage (VCC)3.3VDC ±5%
Input Current75mA Maximum
Frequency Tolerance / StabilityInclusive of All Conditions: Calibration Tolerance at 25°C,
Frequency Stability over the Operating Temperature Range, Supply Voltage Change, Output Load Change, 1st Year Aging at 25°C, Shock, and Vibration
±100ppm, ±50ppm, or ±25ppm Maximum
Output Voltage Logic High (VOH)VCC-1.025VDC Minimum
Output Voltage Logic Low (VOL)VCC-1.620VDC Maximum
Rise Time / Fall Time20% to 80% of waveform1.5 nSeconds Maximum, 600 pSec Typical
Duty Cycleat 50% of waveform50 ±10(%)
50 ±5(%)
Load Drive Capability50 Ohms into VCC-2.0VDC
Logic Control / Additional OutputEnable High or Enable LowNo Connect and Complementary Output or Tri-State and Complementary Output
Enable High Tri-State Input VoltageVIN of 70% of VCC Minimum
No Connection
VIN of 30% of VCC Maximum
Enables Output
Enables Output
Disables Output: High Impedance
Enable Low Tri-State Input VoltageVIN of 70% of VCC Minimum
No Connection
VIN of 30% of VCC Maximum
Disables Output: High Impedance
Enables Output
Enables Output
Output Disable Current25mA Maximum
Start Up Time10 mSeconds Maximum
RMS Phase Jitter< 44.736MHz; FS = 12kHz to 20MHz
≥ 44.736MHz, < 77.760MHz; FS = 12kHz to 20MHz
≥ 77.760MHz; FS = 12kHz to 20MHz
5 pSec Maximum
2 pSec Maximum
1 pSec Maximum
Phase Noise (at 155.520MHz)at 10Hz Offset
at 100Hz Offset
at 1kHz Offset
at 10kHz Offset
at 100kHz Offset
-75dBc/Hz Typical
-95dBc/Hz Typical
-125dBc/Hz Typical
-140dBc/Hz Typical
-145dBc/Hz Typical
MANUFACTURER
ECLIPTEX CORP.
CATEGORY
OSCILLATOR
SERIES
E13C9
PACKAGE
CERAMIC
VECTEST
3.3V
CLASS
0511
REV_DATE
06/04
+ diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00089.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00089.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6f78a91785ccf054e540756d7e83e0d5c216f6dc --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00089.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +U631H64 + + +
No.Software Controlled STORE/RECALL Cycle1, nSymbol253545Unit
Alt.IECMin.Max.Min.Max.Min.Max.
25STORE/RECALL Initiation TimetAVAVtcR253545ns
26Chip Enable to Output Inactive0tELOZtde(E)SR600600600ns
27STORE Cycle Time0tELOXStd(E)S101010ms
28RECALL Cycle TimeqtELOXRtd(E)R202020μs
29Address Setup to Chip EnableftAVELNtsui(A)SR000ns
30Chip Enable Pulse Widthf, 5tELEHNtw(E)SR202535ns
31Chip Disable to Address ChangeftEHAXNth(A)SR000ns
+ +n: The software sequence is clocked with $\overline{E}$ controlled READs. + +o: Once the software controlled STORE or RECALL cycle is initiated, it completes automatically, ignoring all inputs. + +p: Note that STORE cycles (but not RECALL) are aborted by $V _ {CC} < V _ {SWITCH}$ (STORE inhibit). + +q: An automatic RECALL also takes place at power up, starting when $V _ {CC}$ exceeds $V _ {SWITCH}$ and takes $t _ {RESTORE}$. $V _ {CC}$ must not drop below $V _ {SWITCH}$ once it has been exceeded for the RECALL to function properly. + +r: Noise on the E pin may trigger multiple READ cycles from the same address and abort the address sequence. + +s: If the Chip Enable Pulse Width is less than $t _ {a(E)}$ (see Read Cycle) but greater than or equal $t _ {a(E),SR}$, then the data may not be valid at the end of the low pulse, however the STORE or RECALL will still be initiated. + + +## Software Controlled STORE/RECALL Cycle$^{r,s,t,u}$ ($\overline{E}$ = HIGH after STORE initiation) + + + +## Software Controlled STORE/RECALL Cycle$^{r, s, t, u}$ ($\overline{E}$ = LOW after STORE initiation) + + + +t: $\overline{W}$ must be HIGH when $\overline{E}$ is LOW during the address sequence in order to initiate a nonvolatile cycle. $\overline{G}$ may be either HIGH or LOW throughout. Addresses 1 through 6 are found in the mode selection table. Address 8 determines whether the U631H64 performs a STORE or RECALL. + +u: $\overline{\text{E}}$ must be used to clock in the address sequence for the Software controlled STORE and RECALL cycles. + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00090.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00090.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7c45fd325060f9c3ee1d481252edc72ccc97d478 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00090.md @@ -0,0 +1,124 @@ +## Device Operation + +The U631H64 has two separate modes of operation: SRAM mode and nonvolatile mode. In SRAM mode, the memory operates as a standard fast static RAM. In nonvolatile mode, data is transferred from SRAM to EEPROM (the STORE operation) or from EEPROM to SRAM (the RECALL operation). In this mode SRAM functions are disabled. + +## SRAM READ + +The U631H64 performs a READ cycle whenever $\overline{E}$ and $\overline{G}$ are LOW while $\overline{W}$ is HIGH. The address specified on pins A0 - A12 determines which of the 8192 data bytes will be accessed. When the READ is initiated by an address transition, the outputs will be valid after a delay of $t_{CR}$. If the READ is initiated by $\overline{E}$ or $\overline{G}$, the outputs will be valid at $t_{OE}$ or at $t_{OG}$, whichever is later. The data outputs will repeatedly respond to address changes within the $t_{CR}$ access time without the need for transition on any control input pins, and will remain valid until another address change or until $\overline{E}$ or $\overline{G}$ is brought HIGH or $\overline{W}$ is brought LOW. + +## SRAM WRITE + +A WRITE cycle is performed whenever $\overline{\text{E}}$ and $\overline{\text{W}}$ are LOW. The address inputs must be stable prior to entering the WRITE cycle and must remain stable until either $\overline{\text{E}}$ or $\overline{\text{W}}$ goes HIGH at the end of the cycle. The data on pins DQ0 - 7 will be written into the memory if it is valid $t_{su(D)}$ before the end of a $\overline{\text{W}}$ controlled WRITE or $t_{su(D)}$ before the end of an $\overline{\text{E}}$ controlled WRITE. It is recommended that $\overline{\text{G}}$ is kept HIGH during the entire WRITE cycle to avoid data bus contention on the common I/O lines. If $\overline{\text{G}}$ is left LOW, internal circuitry will turn off the output buffers $t_{ds(W)}$ after $\overline{\text{W}}$ goes LOW. + +## Noise Consideration + +The U631H64 is a high speed memory and therefore it must have a high frequency bypass capacitor of approximately 0.1 $\mu$F connected between $V_{CC}$ and $V_{SS}$ using leads and traces that are as short as possible. As with all high speed CMOS ICs, normal careful routing of power, ground and signals will help prevent noise problems. + +## Software Nonvolatile STORE + +The U631H64 software controlled STORE cycle is initiated by executing sequential READ cycles from six specific address locations. By relying on READ cycles only, the U631H64 implements nonvolatile operation while remaining compatible with standard 8K x 8 SRAMs. During the STORE cycle, an erase of the pre- + +vious nonvolatile data is first performed, followed by parallel programming of all nonvolatile elements. Once a STORE cycle is initiated, further inputs and outputs are disabled until the cycle is completed. + +Because a sequence of addresses is used for STORE initiation, it is important that no other READ or WRITE accesses intervene in the sequence or the sequence will be aborted and no STORE or RECALL will take place. + +To initiate the STORE cycle the following READ sequence must be performed: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
1.Read address0000 (hex)Valid READ
2.Read address1555 (hex)Valid READ
3.Read address0AAA (hex)Valid READ
4.Read address1FFF (hex)Valid READ
5.Read address10F0 (hex)Valid READ
6.Read address0F0F (hex)Initiate STORE
+ +Once the sixth address in the sequence has been entered, the STORE cycle will commence and the chip will be disabled. It is important that READ cycles and not WRITE cycles are used in the sequence. It is not necessary that $\overline{G}$ is LOW for the sequence to be valid. After the $t_{STORE}$ cycle time has been fulfilled, the SRAM will again be activated for READ and WRITE operation. + +## Software Nonvolatile RECALL + +A RECALL cycle of the EEPROM data into the SRAM is initiated with a sequence of READ operations in a manner similar to the STORE initiation. To initiate the RECALL cycle the following sequence of READ operations must be performed: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
1.Read address0000 (hex)Valid READ
2.Read address1555 (hex)Valid READ
3.Read address0AAA (hex)Valid READ
4.Read address1FFF (hex)Valid READ
5.Read address10F0 (hex)Valid READ
6.Read address0F0E (hex)Initiate RECALL
+ +Internally, RECALL is a two step procedure. First, the SRAM data is cleared and second, the nonvolatile information is transferred into the SRAM cells. The RECALL operation in no way alters the data in the EEPROM cells. The nonvolatile data can be recalled an unlimited number of times. + +## Automatic Power Up RECALL + +On power up, once $V_{CC}$ exceeds the sense voltage of $V_{SWITCH}$, a RECALL cycle is automatically initiated. The voltage on the $V_{CC}$ pin must not drop below $V_{SWITCH}$ once it has risen above it in order for the RECALL to operate properly. + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00091.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00091.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7a8f194459c328da2d545048dddbe3edad2371aa --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00091.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +## PIDG (Pre-Insulated Diamond Grip) (Continued) + +## Ring Tongue Terminals + +(Continued) + + + + + + +
Wire Size
Circular Mils
[mm]
Tongue
Material
Thickness
Mar
Stud
Size
DimensionsTerminal
Insulation
Color
Wire
Insulation
Diameter
Max.
Part Numbers
WC
Min.
E
Max.
L
Max.
Loose
Plece
Tape
Mounted
22-16
509-3,260
[0.26-1.65]
033
0.84
1.160
4.05
.156
3.96
.560
14.22
.643
16.33
Red.125
3.18
3271742-327174-1
2
M/2
182
4.62
.172
4.37
.576
14.63
.669
16.99
Red.1253241582-324158-1
.182
4.62
.172
4.37
.576
14.63
.669
16.99
Red3.56320773-
218
5.54
3.95560
14.22
17.07Red.125
3.18
328657*2-328657-1
4.182.172.576
14.8
.669Red/Green.125
3.18
327654*-
.182
4.62
.172
4.37
.576
14.63
.669
16.99
Red.140
3.56
32088272-320882-1
218
5.54
.156
3.95
20
14.22
.672
17.07
Red.125
3.18
3205532-320553-2
218
5.54
3.95.550
14.22
17.0Red3.1830254
218
5.54
.156
3.95
560
14.5
.672
17.07
Red.140
3.56
31880*2-31880-1
218
5.54
.156
3.95
.550
14.22
.672
17.07
Black.140
3.56
35229-
20
6.35
7.92.716
18.19
.844
21.44
Red.125
3.18
3237582-323758-1
6.357.92.716
18.19
.844
21.44
Red.140
3.56
3306482-330648-1
6
M/3.5
.218.156550
2
.672Red125
3.18
36149*2-36149-2
218
5.54
.156
3.95
.550
14.22
.672
17.07
Red.140
3.56
36150*2-36150-1
2
6.35
00
6.35
.654
16.61
.782
19.886
Red.125
3.18
5186351863-1
281
1.2
.250
6.35
.654
16.61
.797
20.24
Red3.1836151*2-36151-2
281
7.1
.250
6.35
654
16.61
.797
20.24
Red.140
3.56
361522-36152-1
312
7.92
.281
7.14
.585
17.40
.844
21.44
Red.125
3.18
3230082-323008-1
312
7.92
.281
7.14
685
17.40
.844
21.44
Red.140
3.56
3268782-326878-1
8
M/4
281
7.14
.250
6.35
654
16.61
.797
20.24
Red.125
3.18
3205542-320554-1
281.250654.7970Red.140318862-31886-2
312
7.92
.281
7.14
685
17.40
.844
21.44
Red.125
3.18
320551*1-320551-1
312
7.92
7.140
17.40
21.44Red.140
3.55
318902-31890-1
344
8.74
7.54.701
17.81
876
22.25
Red40
3.56
328352-32835-2
10281
7.14
.250
6.35
654
16.61
.797
20.24
Red.125
3.18
3205522-320552-1
281
7.14
.250
6.35
.554
16.61
.797
20.24
Red.140
3.56
31887*2-31887-1
.312
7.92
7.14685
17.40
.844
21.44
Red.125
3.18
36153°2-36153-2
7.92281
7.14
.685
17.40
.844
21.44
Red.140
3.56
361542-36154-2
344.297.701
17.81
.876
22.25
Red125
3.18
32836-
344
8.74
.297
7.54
.701
17.81
.876
22.25
Red.140
3.56
32837732837-1
+ +$^{*}$Available in small packaging quantities. + +$^{1}$Slightly larger than standard #4 stud hole. (.128 in./3.25 mm.) + +Note: "C" dimension applies from edge of metal wire barrel to center of stud hole. + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00092.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00092.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..68721271ff351fa81627be08f1cf4581dc9e80d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00092.md @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +AMP + +Standard Terminals and Splices + +Catalog 82042 + +## PIDG FASTON (Continued) + +## Receptacles + +## Receptacle Style: + +A—No dimple with wire stop + +C—No dimple, no wire stop + +## Material + +Insulation—Nylon, UL 94V-2 + +Receptacle Body — Brass per ASTM B-36 or Phosphor Bronze per ASTM B-139 + +Plating — Tin per ASTM B-545 except where noted. + +Metallic Sleeve — Copper per ASTM B-152 + +Plating — Tin per ASTM B-545 + +## Related Product Data + +Packaging Quantities—pg.4 + +Performance Specifications — pgs. 4 & 5 + +Application Tooling—pg. 73 + + + +.250 +Series + + + +.206 +Series + + + +.187 Series + + + +.110 +Series-Standard + + + +.110 +Series +Low Insertion + + + + + +
SeriesWire Sip
Circular Mils
[mm]
StyleDimensionsTerminal Insualation ColorWire
Insulation
Dlameter Max.
Recept.Stock
Thk.
Fits
Tab
Thk.
Part Numbers
W
Nom.
L
Max.
Loose
Plece
Tape
Mounted
Strip
Form
25022-18
509-1,900
[0.26-0.96]
B300
7.62
.900
22.86
Red.140
3.56
Brass.018.032
0.8
640903-1640903-2640902-1
.300
70
.900
22.86
Red.140
3.56
Brass.018.032
0.81
55675-155675-2-
.14
2,050-5,180
11.04.3c
B300
7.62
.900
22.86
Blue.170
4.32
Brass018
0.46
.032
0.81
640905-1640905-2640904-1
14-12
3,831-6,470
[1.94-3.28]
B00
7.62
1.012
25.70
Green5.35Brass.018
0.45
.032
0.81
42844-142844-3160544-31
.300
7.62
25.70Green5.35Phos. Brz.0.450.8142844-2*--
12-10
5,180-13,100
[2.62-6.64]
B.300
7.62
1.012
25.70
Yelow250
35
Brass.018
0.46
.032
0.81
640907-1*640907-2640906-1
.300
7.62
1.012
25.70
Yellow250
6.35
Phos. Brz.018
0.46
.03261198-261198-4-
250
Low
Insertion
509-1,900
[0.26-0.96]
300
7.62
900
22.86
Red.145
3.68
Brass016
406
.032
.813
184262-1184262-2184261-1
6-14
2,050-5,180
[1.04-2.62]
300
7.62
.900
22.86
Blue.173
4.39
Brass016
406
.032
.813
184265-1184265-2184264-1
.20522-18
509-1,900
[0.26-0.96]
B.250
6.35
.800
20.32
Red.135
3.43
Brass.016
0.41
.020
0.51
696018-1 696018-2-
.250
6.35
.800
20.32
Red.140
3.56
Brass0.410.51640909-1* 640909-2640908-1
.250.800
22
Red/Black.140Brass.016.020
0%
640174-1--
.250
6.35
.800
20.32
Red.140
3.56
Brass.016
0.00
.032
0.81
640911-1* 640911-2640910-1
16-14
2,050-5,180
[1.04-2.62]
B250
6.35
800
20.32
Blue.170
4.32
Brass016
0.41
.020
0.51
640913-17 640913-2-
.250
6.35
.800
20.32
Blue4.32Brass016
0.41
.032
0.81
640915-1* 640915-2-
.18726-245
[0.12-0.24]
B230
5.84
700
17.78
Yalow082
2.08
Brass016
0.41
020
0.51
641321-1*7 641321-21 641320-11
22-18
509-1,900
[0.26-0.96]
B.230
5.84
.800
20.32
Red.140
3.56
Brass.016
0.41
.020
0.51
640917-1*640917-2640916-1
.230
5.84
.800
20.32
Red.140
3.56
Brass.016
0.41
.040
1.02
-640578-21-
+ +$^{*}$Not ULor CSAapproved or listed. + +$^{1}$Wire range is limited as noted. + +$^{*}$Available in small packaging quantities. + +$^{*}$Unplated receptacle body. + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00093.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00093.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ae6ccd0ac9ee2e327200f6c7c78adf061667fdd --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00093.md @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +WORLD-BEAM® Q12 Series Sensor + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
4-Pin Threaded MB/Pico-Style Cordsets-Single Ended
ModelLengthStyleDimensionsPinout(Female)
PKG4M-22m(6.56m)Straight
1 = Brown
2 = White
3 = Blue
4 = Black
PKG4M-55m(16.4)
PKG4M-99m(29.5ft)
PKW4M-22m(6.56f)Right Angle
PKW4M-55m(16.4m)
PKW4M-99m(29.5m)
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
4-Pin Threaded M12/Euro-Style Cordsets-Single Ended
ModelLengthStyleDimensionsPinout Female)
MQDC-4061.83m 药用Straight
1 = Brown
2 White
3 = Blue
4 = Black
MQDC-4154.57m(15
MQDC-4309.14m(30m)
MQOC-45015.2m(50m)
MQDC-406RA1.83m(5ft)Right-Angle
MQDC-415RA4.57m(15)
MQDC-430RA9.14m(30f)
MQDC-450RA15.2m(50m)
+ +## Brackets + +SMBQ12T + +• Right-angle bracket +• 20-ga. 300 series stainless steel + + + +Hole center spacing: A to B = 7.6 +Hole size: A = 3.5 x 8.1, B=ø 3.2 + +SMBQ12A + +• Adjustable right-angle bracket +• 20-ga. 300 series stainless steel + + + +Hole center spacing: A to B = 7.6 +Hole size: $A = 3.5 \times 8.1$, B = ø 3.2 + +## Apertures + +Opposed-mode Q12 sensors (standard models only) may be fitted with apertures to narrow or shape the sensor's effective beam to more closely match the size or profile of the objects being sensed. A common example is the use of "line" (or "slot") type apertures to sense thread. + +Note: The use of apertures will reduce the sensing range (see table below). + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00094.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00094.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..556169fa71b74a58e60654941ef684d674af5e16 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00094.md @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +## Data Sheet + +## 150V Input Micro Family + +## DC-DC Converter Module + +## Features + +• DC input range: 100 – 200 V + +• Encapsulated circuitry for shock and vibration resistance + +• Extended temperature range ($−55$ to $+100^{\circ}C$) + +• Input surge withstand: 250 V for 100 ms + +• DC output: 3.3 - 48 V + +• Programmable output: 10 to 110% + +• Regulation: ±0.2% no load to full load + +• Efficiency: Up to 88% + +• Maximum operating temp: $100^{\circ}$C, full load + +• Power density: up to 91 W per cubic inch + +• Height above board: 0.43 in. (10.9 mm) + +• Parallelable, with N+M fault tolerance + +• Low noise ZCS/ZVS architecture + +• RoHS Compliant (with F or G pin option) + +• Agency approvals pending + + + +Shown actual size: + +2.28 x 1.45 x 0.5 in + +57.9 x 36.8 x 12.7 mm + +## Product Overview + +These DC-DC converter modules use advanced power processing, control and packaging technologies to provide the performance, flexibility, reliability and cost effectiveness of a mature power component. + +High frequency ZCS/ZVS switching provides high power density with low noise and high efficiency. + +## Applications + +Communications, control systems, medical, instrumentation, defense and aerospace. + +## Absolute Maximum Ratings + + +
ParameterRatingUnitNotes
+In to-In voltage-0.5 to+260Vdc
PC to-In voltage-0.5 to+7.0Vdc
PR to-In voltage-0.5 to+7.0Vdc
SC to-Out voitage-0.5 to+1.5Vdc
-Sense to-Out voltage1.0Vdc
Isolation veltage
in to out3000VrmsTest vollage
in to base1500VimsTest voltage
out to base500VimsTest voltage
Operating Temperature-55 to+100M-Grade
Storage Temperature-651o+125M-Grade
Pin soldering temperature500(260)℉F(℃)<5 sec:wave solder
750(390)F(℃)<7 sec;hand solder
Mounting torque5(0.57)in-lbs(N-m)6 each
+ +## Part Numbering + +e.g. V150C12C150BL + + + +For a description of pin options, see page 9. + +Baseplate options include slotted flanges, threaded and through-hole. + +See page 10 for dimensions. + +For other package sizes and power levels, see the Mini (half size) and Maxi (full size) datasheets. + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00095.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00095.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..78ed0b846ca0838041296ce3fb791b3ebfff1f78 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00095.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +## Parallel Operation + +The PR pin supports paralleling for increased power with N+1 (N+M) redundancy and phased array capability. Modules of the same input voltage, output voltage, and power level will current share if all PR pins are suitably interfaced. + +Compatible interface architectures include the following: + +DC coupled single-wire interface. All PR pins are directly connected to one another. This interface supports current sharing but is not fault tolerant. Negative In pins must be tied to the same electric potential. Up to three converters may be paralleled by this method. See Figure 9. + +AC coupled single-wire interface. All PR pins are connected to a single communication bus through $0.001 \mu F$ (500 V) capacitors. This interface supports current sharing and is fault tolerant except for the communication bus. Up to three converters may be paralleled by this method. See Figure 10. + +Transformer coupled interface. For paralleling four or more converters a transformer coupled interface is required. For details on this configuration please refer to the design guide referenced in the following technical information section. + +## Technical Information + +For additional technical information contained in the Design Guide and Applications Manual for Maxi, Mini, Micro Family DC-DC Converters and Accessory Modules, click on the link below: + +http://www.vicorpower.com/mmmguide + + + +Figure 9 — DC coupled single-wire interface. + + + +Figure 10 — AC coupled single-wire interface. diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00096.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00096.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..acbcbf5e3db4ae269779915274b7c2784dceaae9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00096.md @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +## GENERAL INFORMATION + +## Pin Configuration + +The pin map is shown as below for SOP8 and DIP8. + + + +## Ordering Information + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Part NumberDescription
OB2211CPSOP8,Pb-free,Tube
OB2211CPASOP8,Pb-free,T&R
OB2212APDIP8,Pb-free
+ +## Absolute Maximum Ratings + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
ParameterValue
Drain Voltage (off state)-0.3V to 650V
VDD Voltage-0.3 to 33 V
VDDG Voltage-0.3 to 33 V
VDD Zener Clamp Continuous Current10mA
CS Input Voltage-0.3 to 7V
INV Input Voltage-0.3 to 7V
Min/Max Operating Junction
Temperature $\mathrm {T}_{3}$
$-20 \text{ to } 150^{\circ}\text{C}$
Min/Max Storage Temperature $\mathrm {T}_{\mathrm {stz}}$$-55 \text{ to } 150^{\circ }C$
Lead Temperature(Soldering,
10secs)
$260^{\circ }C$
+ +Note: Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. + + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00097.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00097.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..535089ab41808ac2b19d5297b9ec574b888cf72c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00097.md @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +## Schematics & PC Layouts - Single Coil Shown and supplied in the RESET position + +## Bottom Views + + + +1A + + + +1C + + + +1A Reversed Polarity + + + +1C Reversed Polarity + + + +1A Single Coil + + + +1C Single Coil + +## Schematics & PC Layouts - Double Coil Shown and supplied in the RESET position + +## Bottom Views + + + +1A + + + +1C + + + +1A Reversed Polarity + + + +1C Reversed Polarity + + + +1A Alternate Set & Reset + + + +1C Alternate Set & Reset + + + +1A Reversed Polarity Alternate Set & Reset + + + +1C Reversed Polarity Alternate Set & Reset + + + +1A Double Coil + + + +1C Double Coil + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00098.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00098.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7cc6d022ccfb647a3abdc921792bc97eb6addadc --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00098.md @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +MTP/MPO Round +Cable Assemblies + + + +## 10 Gigabit Fiber Optic Products Overview + +OSFP Compatible MPO to MPO + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Fiber TypeFiber
Count
Length
in meters
Part Number
10 Gig/OM3 (50/125)811938323-1
51938323-5
101-1938323-0
202-1938323-0
505-19383223-0
+ +12-Fiber Reversed Fiber Path MPO to MPO + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Fiber TypeFiber
Count
Length
in meters
Part Number
10 Gig/OM3 (50/125)1211938324-1
51938324-5
101-1938324-0
202-1938324-0
505-1938324-0
+ +For custom configurations, contact your TE sales representative. + +## LC Cable Assemblies + + + + + +
Simplex / DuplexCable TypeSide ASide BJackel TypePart NumberPart Numbers / Lengths (m)
12351015
LC Cable Assemblies
Duplex50/125 OM3 10Gb FiberLCLC2 mm jacketed riserX-2064862-X2064862-12064862-22064862-32064862-51-2064862-01-2064862-5
10Gig FiberLCSC2 mm jacketed riserX-2064863-X2064863-12064863-22064863-32064863-51-2064863-01-2064863-5
SC Cable Assemblies
Simplex50/125 OM3 10Gb FiberSCSC2 mm jacketed riserX-2064883-X2064883-12064883-22064883-32064883-51-2064883-01-2064883-5
Duplex50/125 OM3 10Gb FiberSCSC2 mm jacketed riserX-2064886-X2064886-12064886-22064886-32064886-51-2064886-01-2064886-5
50/125 OM3 10Gb FiberSCST2 mm jacketed riserX-2064889-X2064889-12064889-22064889-32064889-51-2064889-01-2064889-5
ST Cable Assemblies
Simplex50/125 OM3 10Gb FiberSTST2 mm jacketed riserX-2064877-X2064877-12064877-22064877-32064877-51-2064877-01-2064877-5
Duplex50/125 OM3 10Gb FiberSTST2 mm jacketed riserX-2064880-X2064880-12064880-22064880-32064880-51-2064880-01-2064880-5
MT-RJ SECURE Cable Assemblies
Duplex50/125 OM3 10Gb FiberMT-RJMT-RJ1.8 mm jacketed riserX-6588572-X6588572-16588572-26588572-36588572-51-6588572-01-6588572-5
50/125 OM3 10Gb FiberMT-RJSC1.8 mm jacketed riserX-6588573-X6588573-16588573-26588573-36588573-51-6588573-01-6588573-5
+ +Additional lengths available. See TE specification 1206850 for more details + +Note: All part numbers are RoHS compliant + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00099.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00099.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..225831eac014a8de888c65e3083e72a7786b294c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00099.md @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +## 4 疑问解答 + +## 常见问题 + +## 冰箱不工作? + +• 确保冰箱插头与电源插座连接正常。 +电源插座是否通电。 +家中保险丝是否良好。 + +• 请保持温控旋钮在工作位置。 + +## 噪声过大? + +• 请保持冰箱放置平稳,放置不平稳运行时会产生噪声。 + +• 请保持冰箱外表没有接触其他物体或墙壁。 + +## 冰箱发出以下奇怪的声音? + +• 液体流动的声音 +这是制冷剂在制冷系统循环回路内流动的声音,属于正常现象,不必处理。 + +• 较大的嗡嗡声 +初次使用时,由于冰箱的运行状态还没有稳定,所以冰箱在开始运行时会发出较大的嗡嗡声;运行稳定后声音就会减小。 + +•其它声音 +冰箱在工作时,由于温度的变化,蒸发器和回路会由于热胀冷缩发出“啪啪”的声音,属于正常现象。 + +冰箱在开始工作和停止工作时,温控器、启动继电器等电气件会由于动作而发出“咔哒”声,这是正常现象。 + +## 压缩机长时间保持运转? + +• 如果在夏季环境温度较高,压缩机工作时间较长属于正常现象。 + +• 如果冷冻室不够冷,请检查: +冷冻室内壁结霜太厚,请除霜。 +冰箱门没关严,或开门次数过多。 +一次性放入食品不宜过多,食物摆放不要过于拥挤。 + +• 如果冷冻室温度达到冷冻所需温度,请检查温度设置,可设置在较小数字的档位。 + +## 冰箱外部出现水珠? + +这是由于环境空气湿度较大而引起的,用软布擦干即可。 + +## 冰箱箱壳有轻微条状凸起? + +这是由于隐藏在箱体内的系统管路与箱壳紧密贴合,保证散热,制冷效果好,工作效率高。 + +## 冰箱箱体温度较高? + +• 初次使用时,会出现工作时间长,箱体温度高的情况,这是正常现象,不必处理。 + +• 冰箱利用箱体两侧板、冷藏室冷冻室中间的隔板散热热量,这些部位的温度会较高。 + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00100.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00100.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ac60fe3894eb82ad24be815bb9c62ef1428f6f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00100.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +## 本产品的各部分构件名称 + +## 冰箱各部分构件名称 + + + +提示:温度设定改变时,箱内温度需经过一段时间后才能达到平衡。且这段时间的长短,取决于温度设定改变的大小、周围环境温度的高低、开门频次及箱内存放食品的多少等。 diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00101.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00101.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c51867c575034fc64a12e00a2336db3be193ffbb --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00101.md @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +## 电源 + +可使用电池,也可从交流适配器使用交流电源。 + +为安全起见,请仅使用下列 Sony 电池和交流转接器。 + +## 锂离子电池 + +BP-U30(随附) + +BP-U60 + +BP-U60T + +BP-U90 + +## 电池充电器 + +BC-U1(随附) + +BC-U2 + +交流适配器(随附) + +MPA-AC1(仅限美国和加拿大型号) +AC-NB12A(美国和加拿大型号除外) + +## 注意 + +请勿将电池存放在阳光直晒、火焰附近或高温的地方。 + +## 注意 + +• 本摄像机无法以 BC-U1/BC-U2 电池充电器作为外部电源进行供电。 + +• 从电源插座使用本摄像机时,请使用随附的交流适配器。 + +## 使用电池 + +要安装电池,请先将电池尽量插入安装盒(第10页),然后向下滑动直到其锁定到位。 + + + +要取出电池,请向下按住 BATT RELEASE 键(第 10 页),然后向上滑动电池,将电池从安装盒中取出。 + + + +## 注意 + +• 安装电池前,请先使用专用的 BC-U1 或 BC-U2 电池充电器进行充电。 + +• 在电池使用后仍然较热的时候立即充电可能无法将电池完全充满电。 + +## 检查剩余电量 + +使用电池进行拍摄 / 播放时,取景器中会显示剩余电池电量(第 13 页)。 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
图标剩余电量
91%至100%
71%至90%
51%至70%
31%至50%
11%至30%
0%至10%
+ +本摄像机将假设继续以当前功耗率操作来计算电池可用时间,并将剩余电量显示在取景器屏幕上。 + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00102.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00102.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..15852920302917036d254c1bba781fc49eb11277 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00102.md @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +## Playback 屏幕 + + + +• 状态 + +• Playback 键、Play/Pause、Stop、F Fwd、F Rev、Next、Prev + +## Cursor 屏幕 + + + +• 状态 + +• Cursor 键 +向上、向下、向左、向右、设定、取消 / 返回、Menu、Status、缩略图、用户菜单 + +## Assign 屏幕 + + + +• 状态 + +• Assignable 键 +Assignable 键 1 到 6 + +## Wi-Fi Remote 屏幕(平板电脑) + +## Main 屏幕 + + + +• 设置 + +S&Q FPS、Shutter、White、Sensitivity/Gain/Exposure、Index、Gamma、MLUT、Color Bars、Auto Black、Auto White、Rec Start/Stop、Lock、Iris、Focus、Zoom、Auto Iris、Auto Shutter、AGC、ATW + +## Playback 屏幕 + + + +• 状态 + +• Playback 键 + +Play/Pause、Stop、F Fwd、F Rev、Next、Prev + diff --git a/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00103.md b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00103.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8a49987ef7bb5decdf0d083b23244c28e83328a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/manufacturing_operation_sop_00103.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +电磁接触器(MC)可以替代断路器(MCCB)用作主回路电源的顺序断开,但是当电磁接触器在一次侧断开时,再生制动不起作用,而电动机滑行停止。 + +在一次侧闭合/断开电磁接触器可以使负载运行/停止。但是频繁开/关会引起变频器发生故障,请注意。 + +当使用制动电阻器单元时,可通过过载继电器的脱扣接点在电磁接触器断开时,进行顺序控制。 + +## (d) 端子的相序连接 + +输入电源的相线可以连接至端子板上 R、S 和 T 的任一端子,可不管其相序如何。 + +## (e)AC 电抗器 + +当一个变频器连接在一个大容量电源变压器(600KVA 或更大)下,或要接通/断开一个相位超前的电容器(功率因数补偿器)时,在输入电源回路会流过很大的峰值电流,这会损坏整流变换器部分。这种情况下,在变频器内应安装一个 DC(直流)电抗器(可选项),或者在输入端加一个 AC 电抗器(可选项)。加装电抗器可有效地改善电源侧的功率因素。 + +## (f) 浪涌吸收器 + +若有感性负载(电磁接触器,继电器,电磁阀,电磁线圈,电磁制动器等)连接于变频器附近,应同时使用一个浪涌抑制器。 + +## (g) 电源侧噪声滤波器的设置 + +加装噪声滤波器可以降低从变频器流向电源的高频噪声波 + +配线例 1:请使用变频器专用的噪声滤波器 + + + +电源侧噪声滤波器的设置 + +## 主回路输出接线的注意事项: + +## (a) 输出端子和负载的连接 + +使输出端子 U、V、W 和电动机引出线 U、V、W 相连接,用正向运行指令验证该电动机的正向旋转(CCW:从电动机负载侧观察时为反时针旋转)。如果电动机转向不正确,调换输出端子 U、V、W 中任何 2 相即可。 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00001.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00001.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eebb20b7c23647b5173b4e3cb4bcac887d6fe06b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00001.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +## A. Preprocess + +Multi-agent cooperation relies on the transform between agents. In the proposed system, the Ego calculates the relative transform $\mathcal{F}^{(1)} = \mathbf{R}^{(1)} \cdot (*) + \mathbf{t}^{(1)}$ using the position and pose data of both Ego and cooperative CAV. Its rotation and translation component is + +$\mathbf{R}^{(1)}=\mathbf{R}_{x}(\Delta\theta)\cdot\mathbf{R}_{y}(\Delta\psi)\cdot\mathbf{R}_{z}(\Delta\phi)\qquad(2)$ + +and + +$$\mathbf{t}^{(1)}=\mathbf{p}_{\mathrm{c a v}}-\mathbf{p}_{\mathrm{e g o}}\tag{3}$$ + +where $\Delta\theta, \Delta\psi, \Delta\phi$ are the relative Euler angle measurements of the Ego and cooperative CAV, and $\mathbf{R}_a(\theta)$ denotes the rotation of $\theta$rad with respect to the axis $a \in \{x, y, z\}$. $\mathbf{p}_{\mathrm{cav}}$ and $\mathbf{p}_{\mathrm{ego}}$ are the position vector of the two vehicles in the global frame. + +$\mathcal{F}^{(1)}$ is used to transform the received objects set $\mathcal{Y}$ into Ego frame to obtain a new set of $\mathcal{Y}^{(1)}$, + +$$\mathcal{Y}^{(1)}=\mathcal{F}^{(1)}(\mathcal{Y})\tag{4}$$ + +which is well-aligned with $\mathcal{X}$ if no error contained in the relative position and pose. However, errors do exist, inevitably. +The driving mode of the Ego vehicle is then determined (single vehicle or cooperative mode). The cooperative mode is boosted only if a common field-of-view (FOV) for the Ego and the cooperative CAV exists, i.e., some objects are co-visible by both cooperative vehicles ($\mathcal{X} \cap \mathcal{Y}^{(1)} \neq \Phi$). + +## B. Co-visible Object Association + +The critical step to solving (1) is to estimate the common target set $\hat{\mathcal{M}}$ and assign pair-wise correspondence. It can be formulated as an optimal transport (OT) problem to minimize the transportation cost between the source (points in $\mathcal{X}$) and target (points in $\mathcal{Y}^{(1)}$). For noisy measurements $\hat{o}_i \in \mathcal{X}$, we want to assign at most a unique correspondence from $\hat{o}_j^{(1)} \in \mathcal{Y}^{(1)}$. Similar to the graph matching task [12], the following two constraints should be satisfied: 1) a target in $\mathcal{X}$ can have at most one single correspondence in $\mathcal{Y}^{(1)}$; and 2) some targets will be unmatched because of different visions, occlusion, or detection errors. + +We define a cost matrix $\mathbf{C} \in \mathbb{R}^{m \times n}$, to describe the transportation cost for association, with + +$$\mathbf{C}_{i,j} = \|\hat{x}_i - \hat{y}_j^{(1)}\|_2. \tag{5}$$ + +In order to propose a generalized formulation to handle the non-matched points, augmenting cost matrix $\overline{C} \in \mathbb{R}^{(m+1) \times (n+1)}$ is constructed by appending a new row and column called dustbin, filled with a single hyper-parameter $\alpha \in \mathbb{R}$ [14], + +$$\overline{{\mathbf{C}}}(m+1,:) = \alpha \mathbf{1}_{n+1}^T and \overline{{\mathbf{C}}}(:,n+1) = \alpha \mathbf{1}_{m+1}\tag{6}$$ + +Therefore, for $\hat{o}_i \in \mathcal{X}$, it is either matched to $\hat{o}_j^{(1)} \in \mathcal{Y}^{(1)}$ or to the dustbin. + +Once the cost matrix is defined, the task is to find the optimal assignment matrix $\overline{\mathbf{P}} \in \mathbb{R}^{(m+1) \times (n+1)}$, where $\overline{\mathbf{P}}_{i,j}$ denotes the + +assignment probability on $\overline{C}_{i,j}$, then we have the following modified form of the optimal transport problem: + +$$\begin{array}{r l r}{\underset{\overline{{\bf P}}}{\operatorname*{m i n}}}&{\displaystyle\sum_{i,j}-\overline{{\bf P}}_{i,j}\overline{{\bf C}}_{i,j}}\\ {s.t.}&{\overline{{\bf P}}\mathbf{1}_{n+1}=\left[\mathbf{1}_{m}^{T},n\right]^{T},}\\ &{\overline{{\bf P}}^{T}\mathbf{1}_{m+1}=\left[\mathbf{1}_{n}^{T},m\right]^{T}}\end{array}\tag{7}$$ + +The equality constraint is a relaxation of the original element-wise inequality constraint ($\leq$), which allows each point to be matched with at most one point or dustbin, whereas each dustbin could be matched with all points at most. This relaxation makes the problem computationally efficient to solve using the Sinkhorn algorithm on GPU [11]. + +Assignment matrix $\mathbf{P}$ is constructed by dropping the last row and column of $\overline{\mathbf{P}}$, points $\mathcal{X}_i$ and $\mathcal{Y}_j$ are associated as an object pair being added into $\hat{\mathcal{M}}$, if + +$\mathbf{P}_{i,j} = \arg\max \mathbf{P}(i,:) = \arg\max \mathbf{P}(:,j)$ + +where $i \in [1, m]$ and $j \in [1, n]$. + +## C. Optimal Transform Estimation + +The estimated association set $\mathcal{M}$ might be inaccurate due to outliers or noisy bounding box information (perception errors). Random sampling techniques are utilized to enhance the robustness of the proposed method. We sample a few pairs one time rather than taking all into consideration to estimate the transform. The procedure can be repeated $n_s$ times or processed in parallel to find the best transform that maximizes the correct matching ratio. + +For the $s$th step, we randomly select a subset $\mathcal{M}_s \subseteq \mathcal{M}$, where $s \in \{1,2,\cdots,n_s\}$. Let $\mathbf{X} = [\hat{x}_1,...,\hat{\mathbf{x}}_w]$ and $\mathbf{Y}^{(1)} = [\hat{y}_1^{(1)},...,\hat{y}_w^{(1)}]$ be the associated measurements within $\hat{\mathcal{M}}_s$. $\mathbf{\mu}_{x} = \left(\sum_{i=1}^w \hat{x}_i\right)/w$ and $\mathbf{\mu}_{y^{(1)}} = \left(\sum_{j=1}^w \hat{y}_j^{(1)}\right)/w$ are further defined as the center of the measurements. Then the optimal transform in $\hat{\mathcal{M}}_s$ is given by [15], [16], + +$$\mathcal{F}_{s}^{(2)}(*) = \mathbf{R}^{(2)} \cdot (*) + \mu_{x} - \mathbf{R}^{(2)} \cdot \mu_{y(1)} \tag{8}$$ + +where + +$\mathbf{R}^{(2)} = \mathbf{U} \mathrm{diag}\Big(1, 1, \det\left[\mathbf{U}\mathbf{V}^T\right]\Big) \mathbf{V}^T,$ + +matrices $\mathbf{U}$ and $\mathbf{V}$ are obtainable by taking the Singular Value Decomposition on $\mathbf{Y}^{(1)}\mathbf{X}^T = \mathbf{U}\Lambda\mathbf{V}^T$. + +For each correspondence $(\hat{\boldsymbol{x}}_i, \hat{\boldsymbol{y}}_i^{(1)}) \in \hat{\mathcal{M}}$, it is regarded as an aligned pair if $||\hat{\boldsymbol{x}}_i - \mathcal{F}_s^{(2)}(\hat{\boldsymbol{y}}_i^{(1)})|| \leq \tau$. Here threshold $\tau = 0.25$m is set empirically because we find that a vanilla late fusion system without transform correction can handle the location error whose Gaussian standard deviation $\sigma_p \leq 0.2$m, and tighter $\tau$ decreases the effect of random sampling. For convenience, the set of the aligned point pairs is defined as $\hat{\mathcal{M}}_a^{(s)}$. Then correct matching ratio $\eta^{(s)}$ can be calculated by + +$$\eta^{(s)} = \text{card}\left(\hat{\mathcal{M}}_a^{(s)}\right)/\text{card}(\hat{\mathcal{M}}), \tag{9}$$ + diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00002.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00002.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d42ad3c6fe24bbebf9030512a4277d48bb6698a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00002.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# Microbiome convergence enables siderophore-secreting-rhizobacteria to improve iron nutrition and yield of peanut intercropped with maize + +Received: 7 May 2023 + +Accepted: 17 January 2024 + +Published online: 29 January 2024 + +Check for updates + + +**Nanqi Wang$^{1,6}$, Tianqi Wang$^{1,6}$, Yu Chen$^{2,6}$, Ming Wang$^{3}$✉, Qiaofang Lu$^{1}$, Kunguang Wang$^{1}$, Zhechao Dou$^{1}$✉, Zhiguang Chi$^{1}$, Wei Qiu$^{1}$, Jing Dai$^{1}$, Lei Niu$^{1}$, Jianyu Cui$^{1}$, Zhong Wei$^{4}$✉, Fusuo Zhang$^{1}$, Rolf Kümmerli$^{5}$ & Yuanmei Zuo$^{1}$✉** + +Intercropping has the potential to improve plant nutrition as well as crop yield. However, the exact mechanism promoting improved nutrient acquisition and the role the rhizosphere microbiome may play in this process remains poorly understood. Here, we use a peanut/maize intercropping system to investigate the role of root-associated microbiota in iron nutrition in these crops, combining microbiome profiling, strain and substance isolation and functional validation. We find that intercropping increases iron nutrition in peanut but not in maize plants and that the microbiota composition changes and converges between the two plants tested in intercropping experiments. We identify a Pseudomonas secreted siderophore, pyoverdine, that improves iron nutrition in glasshouse and field experiments. Our results suggest that the presence of siderophore-secreting Pseudomonas in peanut and maize intercropped plays an important role in iron nutrition. These findings could be used to envision future intercropping practices aiming to improve plant nutrition. + +One of humanity's greatest challenges is how to sustainably feed a large population¹, especially in countries such as China, comprising almost a fifth of the world population but having limited available arable land. One solution to guarantee food security is to grow at least two crops simultaneously in the same field because intercropping often increases productivity, resource use efficiency, pest and pathology control, and ecological sustainability². Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) / maize (Zea mays) intercropping is common in China as it is more effective and ecologically more sustainable than peanut monocropping, particularly for small land holders³. Peanut is an important oilseed legume. China produces 40% and Northern China Plain approximately 20% of the global peanut production⁴ (Fig. 1a). However, peanut yield and quality are severely hampered in this area because of severe iron (Fe) deficiency prevailing in the alkaline and + +$^{1}$College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management (SKL-NUM), National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China. $^{2}$Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-cultivation and High-value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. $^{3}$Department of Plant Pathology, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. $^{4}$Jiangsu provincial key lab for solid organic waste utilization, Key lab of organic-based fertilizers of China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. $^{5}$Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. $^{6}$These authors contributed equally: Nanqi Wang, Tianqi Wang, Yu Chen. ✉e-mail: mwang@njau.edu.cn; weizhong@njau.edu.cn; zuoym@cau.edu.cn \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00003.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00003.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c90218455b05c89d56e05a928f1cba136eaffcee --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00003.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ + + +Compared to monocropping peanut, there was a significant increase in the available iron concentration in the rhizosphere (14.3%–21.4%, i.e., iron prevails in a form that can be absorbed by the plant) (Fig. 2b). In contrast, monocropping peanut started to show iron-deficiency chlorosis in young leaves at 53 dps, which progressively worsened over time (Fig. 2a, b). + +To test whether the rhizosphere microbiome is involved in the observed iron nutrition improvement in intercropping peanut, we repeated our experiments in normal (unsterilized) and sterilized soils (Fig. 2c). For all the three measured parameters – SPAD, active iron in leaves and available iron in the rhizosphere – there were significant statistical interactions between soil treatments (sterilized vs. normal) diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00004.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00004.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..443987efa49071cee9a6df593d3b4be8017b874b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00004.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ + + +**Fig. 5 | Pseudomonas sp. 1502IPR-01 and its siderophore (pyoverdine) prevent iron-deficiency chlorosis and improve peanut growth and yield.** **a** Phenotypes of peanut plants under control conditions and when treated with *Pseudomonas* sp. 1502IPR-01, unchelated pyoverdine and control group, in intercropping peanut and monocropping peanut in sterilized soil, and monocropping peanut in normal soil in greenhouse conditions (rhizosphere watering application). **b** Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) values and active iron in young leaves, biomass and available iron in the rhizosphere of peanut under the three treatments (control, 1502IPR-01, unchelated pyoverdine of 1502IPR-01) in greenhouse conditions. **c** Phenotypes of peanut plants under control conditions and when treated with either Pseudomonas sp. 1502IPR-01 (rhizosphere application), unchelated pyoverdine (rhizosphere application), or EDTA-Fe (foliar spraying) in monocropping peanut in field conditions. **d** SPAD values in young leaves, active iron concentrations in young leaves, available iron in the rhizosphere and peanut yield under the four treatments (control, 1502IPR-01, unchelated pyoverdine, spraying EDTA-Fe) in field conditions. + +For **b** bars and error bars represent the mean ± standard deviation (SD) and dots represent individual values. For **d** boxplot center lines show the median, boxplot bounds show the first quartile Q1 and the third quartile Q3, and whiskers show 1.5 (Q3-Q1) below and above Q1 and Q3, and black dot represent outliers and open dots represent individual values, respectively. For **b** and **d** data obeyed normal distribution and homogeneity of variance, ANOVA with LSD as post-hoc test is used in parametric test. For skewness data or data with heterogeneity of variance, data is transformed using BoxCox algorithm for parametric test. Kruskal test with Dunnett T3 test is used if data did not meet the assumptions of parametric test after BoxCox algorithm. Different letters indicate significant differences among groups. Multiple testing corrections are performed by BH algorithm. Asterisks indicate significant differences between two groups: **p*<0.05; ***p*<0.01; ****p*<0.001, n.s not significant. For all parameters, n represents the number of biologically independent samples. Two-sided tests were used for alternative hypothesis testing. Source data are provided. diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00005.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00005.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e94b721dbac016441c82dd56dea1fe11264f9503 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00005.md @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +its central role in the rapidly growing e-commerce, supply chain, and material handling enterprise. A landmark of such examples is Kiva systems (Wurman, D'Andrea, & Mountz, 2008), which dispatches hundreds of robots to serve the logistics in Amazon’s distribution centers. + +The contributions of this paper are threefold. First, we present a key modification to the existing online supervisory control approach such that the approach is amenable to multi-agent DES. The approach in Boroomand and Hashtrudi-Zad (2013), Chung et al. (1992, 1993, 1994), Hadj-Alouane et al. (1996), Kumar et al. (1998) and Winacott and Rudie (2009) is not suitable for multi-agent DES because it assumes that the plant model is already given or can be computed, and then generates a limited-step-ahead projection of the plant model. For multi-agent DES, however, the plant model is the synchronous product of the component agents, which itself may not be feasibly computable particularly when the number of agents is large. To circumvent this problem, we propose to first generate limited-step-ahead projections of each agent model, and then compute the synchronous product of the projected agent models. This is computationally more efficient than the existing approaches in Boroomand and Hashtrudi-Zad (2013), Chung et al. (1992, 1993, 1994), Hadj-Alouane et al. (1996), Kumar et al. (1998) and Winacott and Rudie (2009). Second, we show how a warehouse automation system served by multiple robots can be modeled as a multi-agent DES, and demonstrate through a case study the effectiveness of applying the adapted online supervisory control approach to control the automation system. Finally, we build a testbed, consisting of multiple LEGO MINDSTORMS EV3 robots (https://www.lego.com/en-us/mindstorms/products/mindstorms-ev3-31313), that serves to experimentally test the validity of our proposed online supervisory control approach for multi-agent DES. + +We note that Goryca and Hill (2013), Hill and Lafortune (2016, 2017), Lopes, Trenkwalder, Leal, Dodd, and Groß (2016), Su (2013), Su and Lennartson (2017), Su and Lin (2013) and Ware and Su (2016) also studied supervisory control for multi-agent DES. In Ware and Su (2016), the authors presented a method that assigns distinct priorities to all agents and then incrementally synthesizes supervisors for solving a scheduling problem. This method is efficient, but need not find a supervisor for scheduling even when a schedule exists. In Lopes et al. (2016), the authors applied supervisory control methods to achieving various cooperative behaviors of swarm robots (including segregation, aggregation, object clustering, and formations), and demonstrated their results on real multi-robot systems. In Goryca and Hill (2013) and Hill and Lafortune (2016, 2017), the authors proposed an abstraction-based method to efficiently synthesize supervisors for multi-agent DES, and implemented the method into a software whose efficiency was tested through a multi-robot planning case study. Finally in Su (2013), Su and Lennartson (2017) and Su and Lin (2013), the authors proposed a scalable control design for a type of multi-agent DES, where an “agent” was not just a plant component, but indeed a plant of its own including an imposed specification. The “agents” were instantiated from a template; for the template, under certain conditions, an algorithm was proposed to design a supervisor whose instantiation was shown to work for each “agent”. In all the references above, the proposed control synthesis methods are offline; although these methods addressed in one way or another the issue of computational efficiency, they cannot handle multi-agent DES that are time-varying and subject to unknown changes. By contrast, our proposed method for multi-agent DES is online, and therefore not only reduces computational effort, but also deals with dynamic changes in the system. + +The rest of this paper is organized as follows. In Section 2 we introduce the adapted online supervisory control of multi-agent DES. In Section 3 we model a warehouse automation system by multi-agent DES, and apply online supervisory control for its control. Moreover, we present a testbed for experimental validation of online supervisory control for warehouse automation. Finally in Section 4 we state our conclusions. + +## 2. Online supervisory control of multi-agent DES + +In standard supervisory control (Ramadge & Wonham, 1987; Wonham and Cai, 2018), the plant to be controlled is modeled by a finite state automaton + +$\mathbf{G}:=(Q,\Sigma,\delta,q_{0},Q_{m})$ + +where $Q$ is the finite state set, $q_0 \in Q$ the initial state, $Q_m \subseteq Q$ the set of marker states, $\Sigma$ the finite event set, and $\delta : Q \times \Sigma \to Q$ the (partial) state transition function. Letting $\Sigma^*$ denote the set of all finite-length strings of events in $\Sigma$, we extend $\delta$ such that $\delta : Q \times \Sigma^* \to Q$ and write $\delta(q,s)!$ to mean that $\delta(q,s)$ is defined. + +The closed behavior of G is the set of all strings that can be generated by G: + +$L(\mathbf{G}):=\{s\in\Sigma^{*}|\delta(q_{0},s)!\}.$ + +On the other hand, the marked behavior of G is the subset of strings that can reach a marker state: + +$L_{m}(\mathbf{G}):=\{s\in L(\mathbf{G})|\delta(q_{0},s)\in Q_{m}\}\subseteq L(\mathbf{G}).$ + +__G__ is nonblocking if $L(\mathbf{G}) = \overline{L_{m}(\mathbf{G})} (\overline{\cdot}$ means prefix closure), namely every string in the closed behavior may be completed to a string in the marked behavior. + +The event set $\Sigma$ of $\mathbf{G}$ is partitioned into a subset $\Sigma_c$ of controllable events and a subset $\Sigma_u$ of uncontrollable events. A language $E \subseteq \Sigma^*$ is said to be controllable (with respect to $\mathbf{G}$) if $\overline{E}\Sigma_u \cap L(\mathbf{G}) \subseteq \overline{E}$, i.e. + +$(\forall s\in\varSigma^{*},\forall\sigma\in\varSigma)s\in\overline{{E}},\sigma\in\varSigma_{u},s\sigma\in L(\mathbf{G})\Rightarrow s\sigma\in\overline{{E}}.$ + +Let $ K \subseteq L_{m}(\mathbf{G}) $ be a specification language imposed on the plant G. Denote by $ C(K) $ the family of controllable sublanguages of K, i.e. + +$C(K):=\{K^{\prime}\subseteq K\mid\overline{{K^{\prime}}}\Sigma_{u}\cap L(\mathbf{G})\subseteq\overline{{K^{\prime}}}\}.$ + +Then the supremal controllable sublanguage of K exists and is given by $\sup C(K)=\cup\{K^{\prime}\mid K^{\prime}\in C(K)\}$. Let $\mathbf{SUP}$ be a (nonblocking) automaton such that $L_{m}(\mathbf{SUP})=\sup C(K)$. We call $\mathbf{SUP}$ the supervisor for plant __G__ that enforces $\sup C(K)\subseteq L_{m}(\mathbf{G})$. The control action of $\mathbf{SUP}$ after an arbitrary string $s\in L(\mathbf{G})$ is to enable the events in + +$\gamma:=\{\sigma\in\Sigma_{u}\mid s\sigma\in L(\mathbf{G})\}\cup\{\sigma\in\Sigma_{c}\mid s\sigma\in L(\mathbf{S U P})\}.$ + +To introduce online supervisory control based on limited lookahead policy, we need an operation that ‘truncate’ an automaton from a specified state to limited step ahead. Given an automaton $\mathbf{G} = (Q, \Sigma, \delta, q_0, Q_m)$, a state $q \in Q$, and the step number $N \ge 1$, the ‘truncation’ operation $f^N(\mathbf{G}, q)$ on $\mathbf{G}$ at state $q$ defines a new automaton + +$f^N(\mathbf{G}, q) = \mathbf{G}^N(q) := (Q^N, \Sigma^N, \delta^N, q_0^N, Q_m^N)$ + +where + +$Q^N = \{q' \in Q \mid (\exists s \in \Sigma^*) q' = \delta(q, s) \& |s| \leq N\}$ + +$\Sigma^N = \{\sigma \in \Sigma \mid (\exists q' \in Q^N)\delta(q',\sigma)! \text{ \& } \delta(q',\sigma) \in Q^N\}$ + +$\delta^N = \{(q_1, \sigma, q_2) \mid q_1, q_2 \in Q^N \& \sigma \in \Sigma^N \& \delta(q_1, \sigma) = q_2\}$ + +$q_{0}^{N}=q$ + +$Q_m^N = Q_m \cap Q^N.$ + +In the above definition of $Q^N$, $|s|$ denotes the length of string $s$. Note also that the marker state set $Q_m^N$ may be empty. + +In a multi-agent DES, the plant consists of $n(>1)$ component agents, where each agent $k(\in\{1,\ldots,n\})$ is modeled by a finite state automaton $\mathbf{G}_{k}=(Q_{k},\Sigma_{k},\delta_{k},q_{k,0},Q_{k,m})$. The plant model $\mathbf{G}$ is the synchronous product (Wonham and Cai, 2018) of the $n$ component agents, written $\mathbf{G}=(Q,\Sigma,\delta,q_{0},Q_{m})=\mathbf{G}_{1}\|\cdots\|\mathbf{G}_{n}$. The event set $\Sigma_{k}$ of each agent $G_{k}$ is partitioned into a controllable subset and an uncontrollable subset, i.e. $\Sigma_{k}=\Sigma_{k,c}\cup\Sigma_{k,u}$; hence $\Sigma_{c}=\cup_{k\in\{1,\ldots,n\}}\Sigma_{k,c}$, $\Sigma_{u}=\cup_{k\in\{1,\ldots,n\}}\Sigma_{k,u}$, and $\Sigma=\cup_{k\in\{1,\ldots,n\}}\Sigma_{k}$. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00006.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00006.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0edb908f260b39868ec3ec87918d31fb2c13def2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00006.md @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +When the number $n$ of component agents is large, their synchronous product, namely the computation of the overall plant model $\mathbf{G}$, is computationally expensive, if not impossible. As a consequence, the online supervisory control in Chung et al. (1992, 1993, 1994) that assumes $\mathbf{G}$ is available is not directly suitable for multi-agent DES. By contrast, we propose the following modified and more efficient online supervisory control, which first truncates each agent’s automaton into limited step ahead and then form the synchronous product of the truncated automata. + +## Multi-agent online supervisory control procedure: + +Let $ s \in L(\mathbf{G}) $ and plant G is at state $q := \delta(q_0, s)$. Since $\mathbf{G}$ is the synchronous product of $\mathbf{G}_1, \ldots, \mathbf{G}_n$, state $q$ is the $n$-tuple $ q = (q_1, \ldots, q_n) $, where $q_k$ is the current state of component $ \mathbf{G}_k \left( k \in \{1, \ldots, n\} \right) $. Let $ N(\geq 1) $ be the size of the lookahead window. + +(1) For each component agent $ \mathbf{G}_{k} \left( k \in \{1, \ldots, n\} \right) $, generate the N-step-ahead behavior from the current state $q_{k}$ by applying the truncation operation + +$\mathbf{G}_{k}^{N}(q_{k})=f^{N}(\mathbf{G}_{k},q_{k}).$ + +(2) Compute the plant model $\mathbf{G}^{N}(q)$ as the synchronous product of all truncated component models $\mathbf{G}_{k}^{N}(q_{k})$: + +$\mathbf{G}^{N}(q)=\mathbf{G}_{1}^{N}(q_{1})\|\cdots\|\mathbf{G}_{n}^{N}(q_{n}).$ + +(3) The states that are exactly $N$-step-ahead from $q$ in $\mathbf{G}^N(q)$ are called pending states. A pending state may transition to an undesirable state by an uncontrollable event, or it may not be able to reach a marker state. There are two opposite attitudes as to how to deal with pending states, for which we follow Chung et al. (1992). + +(a) Conservative attitude: all pending states are deemed undesirable state and are removed, i.e. + +$\mathbf{G}(q) = f^{N-1}(\mathbf{G}^N(q), q) = (Q^N, \Sigma^N, \delta^N, q, Q_m^N).$ + +(b) Optimistic attitude: all pending states are deemed desirable states and are treated as marker states, i.e. + +$\mathbf{G}^{\prime}(q)=f^{N}(\mathbf{G}^{N}(q),q)=(Q^{N},\Sigma^{N},\delta^{N},q,Q_{m}^{^{\prime}N});$ + +$\mathbf{G}(q) = (Q^N, \Sigma^N, \delta^N, q, Q_m^N)$ + +where + +$Q_m^N := Q_m^{'N} \cup \{q' \in Q^N \mid (\exists s \in \Sigma^*) q' = \delta^N(q, s) \& |s| = N\}.$ + +(4) Let $ K \subseteq L_{m}(\mathbf{G}) $ be a specification, and $ \mathbf{K} = (P, \Sigma, \pi, p_{0}, P_{m}) $ be an automaton such that $ L_{m}(\mathbf{K}) = K $. Since $ s \in L_{m}(\mathbf{G}) $ has occurred in $\mathbf{G}$, the current state of $\mathbf{K}$ is $ p := \pi(p_{0}, s) $. The truncated specification for $ \mathbf{G}(q) $ is determined again according to two opposite attitudes. + +(a) Conservative attitude: + +$\mathbf{K}(p)=f^{N-1}(\mathbf{K}^{N}(p),p)=(P^{N},\Sigma^{N},\pi^{N},p,P_{m}^{N}).$ + +(b) Optimistic attitude: + +$\mathbf{K}'(p) = f^{N}(\mathbf{K}^{N}(p), p) = (P^{N}, \Sigma^{N}, \pi^{N}, p, P_{m}^{'N});$ + +$\mathbf{K}(p)=(P^{N},\Sigma^{N},\pi^{N},p,P_{m}^{N})$ + +where + +$P_m^N := P_m^{'N} \cup \{p' \in P^N \mid (\exists s \in \Sigma^*) p' = \pi^N(p, s) \& |s| = N\}.$ + +(5) Compute the supremal controllable sublanguage $\sup C(L_{m}(\mathbf{K}(p)))$ with respect to $\mathbf{G}(q)$, and let $\mathbf{SUP}(q) = (X^{N}, \Sigma^{N}, \xi^{N}, q, X_{m}^{N})$ be the supervisor for $\mathbf{G}(q)$ that enforces $\sup C(L_{m}(\mathbf{K}(p)))$, i.e. $L_{m}(\mathbf{SUP}(q)) = \sup C(L_{m}(\mathbf{K}(p)))$. The control action of $\mathbf{SUP}(q)$ at state q is to enable the events in + +$\gamma(q):=\{\sigma\in\Sigma_{c}\mid\xi^{N}(q,\sigma)\in L(\mathbf{S U P}(q))\}$ + +$\cup\{\sigma\in\Sigma_{u}\mid\delta^{N}(q,\sigma)\in L(\mathbf{G}(q))\}.$ + +One event $\sigma\in\gamma(q)$ will be executed such that the plant G transitions to the next state $\delta(q,\sigma)$. Correspondingly, component agents $G_{k}$ will transition to the next state $\delta_{k}(q_{k},\sigma)$ (provided $\delta_{k}(q_{k},\sigma)!$). The above procedure repeats with string $s\sigma$. + +The above online supervisory control scheme is the original one in Chung et al. (1992) tailored specifically to multi-agent DES. In particular, this scheme first generates a truncated automaton of each component agent and then form the plant model by synchronous product of the truncated automata; this is more efficient than computing the plant model as synchronous product of the non-truncated automata of the component agents. In addition, the implementation of the above online supervisory control scheme may be made more efficient by adopting the recursive computation or variable limited lookahead steps as in Chung et al. (1993, 1994). On the other hand, this online scheme has the same weakness as Chung et al. (1992): nonblocking controlled behavior need not be ensured, and to ensure nonblocking sufficiently long lookahead step may be required (see also Boroomand & Hashtrudi-Zad, 2013). This is an important issue that we aim to address in our immediate future work, by adapting the results in Boroomand and Hashtrudi-Zad (2013), Chung et al. (1992) to our setup. + +**Remark 1.**We analyze the computational complexity of the proposed multi-agent online supervisory control procedure. Let $n(q)$ denote the state number of $\mathbf{G}(q)$ computed in Step 3), and $m(p)$ the state number of $\mathbf{K}(p)$ in Step 4). Then according to Ramadge and Wonham (1987), the computation of $\text{SUP}(q)$ in Step 5) has complexity $O(n(q) \cdot m(p))$. In typical cases, the specification $\mathbf{K}(p)$ can be chosen as a subautomaton of $\mathbf{G}(q)$ (i.e. $m(p) \leq n(q)$), and hence the complexity of Step 5) is simply $O(n(q)^2)$. To generate $\mathbf{G}(q)$ in Step 3), however, we need to first compute $\mathbf{G}^N(q)$ in Step 2). Let $l(q)$ be the maximum state number of $\mathbf{G}_i^N(q_i)$, $i = 1, \ldots, n$. Then the computation of $\mathbf{G}^N(q)$ has complexity $O(l(q)^n)$ (Gohari & Wonham, 2000). Therefore, the overall complexity of the multi-agent online supervisory control procedure is $O(\max_p l(q)^{2n})$. + +The only difference in the original online supervisory control algorithm in Chung et al. (1992) is that of computing $\mathbf{G}^{N}(q)$. Specifically, $\mathbf{G}^{N}(q)$ in Chung et al. (1992) was computed as the N-step-ahead truncation of $G = G_{1} \parallel \cdots \parallel G_{n}$, i.e. $\mathbf{G}^{N}(q) := f^{N}(\mathbf{G}, q)$. Let k be the maximum state number of $G_{i}, i = 1, \ldots, n$. Then the computation of G, and thus of $\mathbf{G}^{N}(q)$, has complexity $O(k^{n})$ (Gohari & Wonham, 2000). Overall, the complexity of the online supervisory control algorithm in Chung et al. (1992) (indeed in all Boroomand & Hashtrudi-Zad, 2013; Chung et al., 1992, 1993, 1994; Hadj-Alouane et al., 1996; Kumar et al., 1998; Winacott & Rudie, 2009) is $O(k^{2n})$. + +In comparison, although the original online algorithm and our proposed one both have complexity exponential in the number of agents, since typically $\max_q l(q) \ll k$ our proposed algorithm effectively reduces computational effort. + +# 3. Warehouse automation application + +In today's unprecedentedly growing e-commerce, supply chain, and material handling industries, warehouse automation is key to achieving significant efficiency in logistics. A landmark example is Amazon's Kiva systems (Wurman et al., 2008). In this section we show how to apply the multi-agent online supervisory control scheme to model and control a warehouse served by multiple mobile robots. + +## *3.1. Warehouse configuration* + +Different warehouses have different configurations. To make our presentation concrete, we adopt the grid-type layout as displayed in Fig. 1. Mobile robots are assumed to be waiting for tasks at the top area, items to be picked up stored in the black-rectangle areas, and item-delivery destination (where a human worker is operating) at the bottom. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00007.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00007.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..39ad23c7be90c8544d4158db16a295d975f7985a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00007.md @@ -0,0 +1,248 @@ + + + +Fig. 14 – Recognition and location results in laboratory tests. + +system involved video capture, motion control, elongation test of flexible joint and extraction test of prism sub-threads. The main program flowchart for the fruit harvesting robot is shown in Fig. 13. + +# 3. Experiment results + +In this section, the results of a feasibility study of the system performed through laboratory tests along with field validation are presented. The laboratory experiments were performed on the prototype operating in simulation working conditions. This stage was helpful to set up and optimise the components of our system. Finally, the performance of the harvesting robot was verified in field tests. + +## *3.1. Laboratory tests* + +### *3.1.1. Recognition and Location experiment* + +For the control system of the fruit harvesting robot, live video windows on the control software interface was used to display the real-time process of picking. Target recognition windows showed the accuracy of target recognition, where red “+” implied image centre and blue “+” implied the centroid of the object fruit. The position of object fruit could be easily shown in the images. In the target location windows, the track the centroid of target fruit with regard to image centre during the location process was marked with a blue line. + +Recognition and location test results of object fruit can be seen in Fig. 14. It is obvious that in the figure, accurate recognition and smooth location track made following fruit grabbing possible, which verified that the designed robot has good tracking performance to meet the requirements of accurate real-time recognition and location. + +During the process of picking operations, video image signals needed to be acquired dynamically and continuously, and handled frame by frame. In the video, the size of one frame of dynamic images was $320 \times 240$ pixels. The recognition time for 100 continuous and dynamic images is shown in Table 2. + +From Table 2, the average recognition time of 100 frame images was 352 ms. From these results, it was concluded that the developed recognition algorithm met the requirements of real-time operation and that the system could be used to guide a robot manipulator as it approached an apple in real-time. + +### *3.1.2. Harvesting experiments* + +A photograph of the fruit harvesting robot operating during laboratory simulation harvesting tests is shown in Fig. 15. Under laboratory conditions, apples with radius about 40 mm, were hung on fresh branches in different directions. The period of image acquisition was 100 ms. 100 picking tests were carried out in 10 different positions. + +The test results were as follows: successful picking occasions 86, and failed occasions 14. Therefore the success rate was 86%. Without regard to the set-up time, the average time of picking one apple is 14.3 s. This was high enough to meet + +Table 2 – Dynamic images recognition time. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Image frame1234567 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Recognition time(ms) 235 235 315 390 315 310 390 390 310 390 390 310 390 310 235 315 390 390 310 390 390 390 315 390 395
Image frame26 27282930 31 3233 34 35 36 3738 39 40 41 42 43 44 454647 48 49 50
Recognition time(ms) 310 390 3390310 315 390 390 315 310 390 390 310390390310 390 390 310 315 390315310 390 390 390
Image frame51 5253 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 7071 72 73 74 75
Recognition time(ms) 315 390 395 310 390 390 310 315 390 390 315 310 390 390 310 390 390 310 390 390 310 315 390 395 310
Image frame76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 9798 99 100
Recognition time(ms) 315 390 310 315 390 395 310 390 390 310 390 390 310 315 390 390 310 315 390 390 315 390 390 315 390
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00008.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00008.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..04bbf56046e9614093d24c3de42441e48f93b0fc --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00008.md @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +not only makes the IDs Present in the current batch Updated (PU) but also makes the IDs Absent in the current batch Updated (AU). And the effects of structure-aligned strategy on the feature space are shown in Fig. 5. It maintains the relative structural position of all IDs during training, making the memory elements effectively in representing global prior information. And this strategy can be formulated as follows: + +$$\begin{array}{r}{\mathcal{M}[i]^{t}=\left\{\begin{array}{l l}{\frac{(1-\alpha)}{|\mathcal{B}|}\displaystyle\sum_{b\in\mathcal{B},y_{b}=i}F(b)+\alpha\mathcal{M}[i]^{t-1}}&{\mathrm{i f~}i\in y_{\mathcal{B}}}\\ {(1-\beta)(\frac{1}{|\mathcal{B}|}\displaystyle\sum_{b\in\mathcal{B}}F(b)-\mathcal{M}[i]^{t-1})+\beta\mathcal{M}[i]^{t-1}\mathrm{~o t h e r w i s e}.}&{\mathrm{o t h e r w i s e.~}}\end{array}\right.}\end{array} \tag{9}$$ + +Eq. (9) shows the memory update strategy for the ID $i$. And the label set $y_B$ is composed of the IDs present in the current batch $B$ under the iteration $t$. $|B|$ is the batch size. For the IDs present in the current batch, the corresponding elements in GSAM are updated under the momentum update strategy with the parameter $\alpha$. Meanwhile, for the IDs absent in the current batch, the corresponding elements are updated towards the alignment direction of averaged movement of the IDs in the current batch with momentum $\beta$. + +*3) The Supervision under GSAM:* In this part, we show how to utilize GSAM during training. GSAM can be used as global prior information to supervise the training process through a typical Cross-Entropy loss. Besides, to further ensure the compactness in the feature space, GSAM can also be used to constrain the intra-class variance. The loss function that corresponds to GSAM is defined as: + +$\mathcal{L}_{G S A M}=\mathcal{L}_{C E}(F(X)\mathcal{M}^{T}/\tau,Y)+(F(X)-\overline{{F(X)}})^{2},\quad(10)$ + +where the operation between $ F(x) $ and M is matrix multiplication. $\tau$ denotes the temperature to balance the feature distribution, and $ F(x) $ denotes the averaged feature along batch dimension. + +To emphasize, in the training phase, the parameter and computation cost introduced by GSAM increases linearly with the number of IDs. In the inference phase, GSAM is not involved, thus it does not introduce any extra cost. + +## D. The Whole Training Process + +Since the feature extractor is not reliable at the early training stages, the memory elements at the early stages may be unstable to represent the global prior information. Therefore, the weight for $\mathcal{L}_{GSAM}$ should be smaller at the early training stages to stabilize the training process, which requires that the fusion factor $\gamma_t$ should be monotonically increasing with the increase of training iterations. The total loss function of our method is formulated as: + +$$\mathcal{L}_{t o t a l}=\mathcal{L}_{D R P L}+\gamma_{t}\mathcal{L}_{G S A M},\tag{11}$$ + +where $\gamma_t = sin(\frac{\pi t}{2T})$ is a fusion factor and it focuses on smoothing the training process. $t$ is the current iteration and $T$ is the total iterations. And the optimization process of GaitMPL is summarized in Alg. 1. + +## Algorithm 1: Training Process of GaitMPL + +``` +Input: Training data X = {x₁, x₂, ..., xₙ}, ID set 𝓘, feature extractor F, memory bank ℳ, max iteration number T. +Output: Trained feature extractor F. +1 for i in 𝓘 do
+2 // Initialize memory bank
+3 ℳ[i] ← (1/Nₛ) Σ_{b∈X, y_b=i} F(b);
+4 for iter = 1, ..., T do
+5 // Calculate the features f = (fᵢ)_{|B|} of samples in current batch B
+6 fᵢ ← F(xᵢ) s.t. xᵢ ∈ B;
+7 Update ℳ based on Eq. (9);
+8 // Calculate the distance matrix D = (Dᵢⱼ)_{|B|×|B|}
+9 Dᵢⱼ ← d(fᵢ, fⱼ);
+10 Reweight D into D' based on Eq. (4);
+11 Compute the L_DRPL with D' based on Eq. (7);
+12 Compute the L_GSAM with ℳ based on Eq. (10);
+13 Compute the L_Total based on Eq. (11);
+14 Backpropagation and update feature extractor F;
+15 Return F;
+``` + +## IV. EXPERIMENTS + +## A. Datasets and Evaluation Protocols + +1) CASIA-B [8]: This dataset is the most commonly used dataset, which is composed of 124 IDs. Each ID contains 11 viewpoints uniformly distributed in $[0^{\circ}, 180^{\circ}]$, and each viewpoint contains 10 sequences, i.e., 6 NM (Normal), 2 BG (with Bag), and 2 CL (Clothing). Thus, this dataset contains $124 \times 11 \times (6 + 2 + 2) = 13640$ sequences. For dataset partition, there are several mainstream protocols [65]. For justification, our experiments use the popular protocol proposed by [66]. We take the first 74 IDs for training and the rest 50 IDs for testing. For evaluation, in each ID, the first 4 sequences of NM condition (NM #1-4) are regarded as the gallery, and the remaining 6 sequences are regarded as the probe. + +2) OU-MVLP [9]: This dataset is the largest public gait dataset, which is composed of 10307 IDs (5153 IDs for training and 5154 IDs for testing). Besides, all instances are regarded as NM. Each ID has 14 viewpoints, which are more diverse than the viewpoints in CASIA-B, and they are uniformly distributed between $[0^\circ, 90^\circ]$ and $[180^\circ, 270^\circ]$ at an interval of $15^\circ$. For evaluation, the first sequence of each ID is treated as the gallery while the rest is the probe. + +## B. Implementation Details + +We adopt MT3D [36] and GaitGL [67] as the feature extractor of GaitMPL(M) and GaitMPL(G), respectively. Since DRPL and GSAM are model-agnostic to be applied to any method, thus all network configuration of GaitMPL is the same as the selected feature extractor, such as architecture, feature dimension, resolution, optimizer, and batch size. + +We adopt the same hyperparameters on all methods and datasets. In DRPL, $\delta_{min}$ is set to 0.1 and $\epsilon$ is set to 1.4. The \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00009.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00009.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cddb0a47f24d9e269380a525315d8e7babf86b51 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00009.md @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +Table 2 + +Ablation study results for LMSCA. “STD Conv” stands for standard convolution. “DWS Conv” stands for depthwise separable convolution. “w/o” means without. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
MethodsParams (M)FLOPs (G)Speed (FPS)mIoU(%)
STD Conv4.713.417572.6
DWS Conv4.18.916671.0
w/o SimAM4.210.016173.1
Ours4.210.014773.6
+ +## 4.3. Ablation studies + +We conducted a series of ablation studies on the main modules that make up DTMC-Net to demonstrate their efficacy. We used the Camvid dataset for the ablation studies. + +Ablation studies for the Lightweight Multi-layer Separable Convolution Attention module (LMSCA). To demonstrate the effectiveness of Multi-layer Fusion Cascade Separable Convolution (MFCSC) and SimAM, we conducted a series of ablation experiments as shown in Table 2. First, we replaced MFCSC with standard convolution, resulting in an increase in parameters of approximately 0.5M and an increase in FLOPs of approximately 3.4G, while the mIoU decreased by 1%. When we replaced MFCSC with depthwise separable convolution, although the number of parameters and FLOPs decreased slightly, the mIoU decreased by 2.6%. These demonstrate that MFCSC can effectively extract multi-scale features while reducing parameters and computational complexity, leading to a significant improvement in segmentation performance. Subsequently, when we removed SimAM, the mIoU decreased by 0.5%, while the other two metrics remained unchanged, demonstrating the effectiveness of the SimAM module's parameter-free inference weight methods. + +We summarize the ablation studies on LMSCA as follows: (1) Due to the use of depthwise convolutions and convolution decomposition methods, even with the use of multi-layer convolutions, we maintain a lower parameter count and computational complexity compared to standard convolutions. It is superior to standard convolutions. (2) By employing a multi-scale feature extraction method, the network can obtain richer new spatial features, thereby significantly improving segmentation accuracy. (3) SimAM infers weights without increasing model parameters. From the experimental results, it can be seen that it effectively increases segmentation accuracy. (4) Compared to using only standard convolutions or depthwise separable convolutions, MFCSC contains more convolutional layers and performs feature fusion, inevitably leading to a decrease in inference speed. However, the results show that our model still achieves a high inference speed. This sacrifice in inference speed is worthwhile considering the substantial improvement in accuracy. + +Ablation studies for the Simple Dual-Resolution Transformer (SDR Transformer). To demonstrate the effectiveness of various components of the SDR Transformer, we conducted multiple comparative experiments as shown in Table 3. We first validated the utility of the dual-resolution structure by removing the high-resolution branch and retaining only the low-resolution one. The dual-resolution approach increased mIoU by 3% with just an additional 0.9M parameters, which precisely proves the idea of feature extraction from feature maps of different scales to be correct. Next, we validated the role of the Transformer block (GFA+DCR-FFN). We replaced the Transformer block with a regular $3 \times 3$ convolution on the basis of single resolution and found a 7.8% decrease in mIoU. Replacing the Transformer block with the well-known SE module [53] resulted in a 7.6% decrease in mIoU. Although both of these methods reduced the number of parameters and computational complexity, such a significant drop in accuracy is absolutely unacceptable, proving the effectiveness of our Transformer block in extracting global features. After restoring dual-resolution, we replaced both Transformer blocks with $3 \times 3$ standard convolutions, and mIoU + +Table 3 + +Ablation study results for SDR Transformer. “SR” means single-resolution, “DR” means dual-resolution, “DWConv” means depthwise convolution, “SC” means skip connections, and “w/o” means without. + +
MethodsParams (M)FLOPs (G)Speed (FPS)mIoU (%)
SR3.37.717870.6
SR + Conv 3×31.85.920965.8
SR + SE module1.85.920366.0
DR + Conv 3×31.9920168.9
DR + No Fusion3.59.315572.2
w/o DWConv & SC4.210.014971.8
Ours4.210.014773.6
+ +Table 4 + +Ablation study results for AAPPM. "w/o" means without. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
MethodsParams (M)FLOPs (G)Speed (FPS)mIoU(%)
w/o AAPPM4.010.016371.1
PPM4.310.213872.0
DAPPM4.210.114472.5
Ours4.210.014773.6
+ +still decreased by 4.7%, further confirming the effectiveness of dual-resolution method and the Transformer block. Next, we removed the fusion between the two branches and found a 1.4% decrease in mIoU, demonstrating that multiple information fusion between dual resolutions is beneficial for accuracy improvement. Finally, we validated the internal efficacy of DCR-FFN. We removed the depthwise convolution and skip connection, retaining only the convolutional layer, similar to [54], and found a 1.8% decrease in mIoU, indicating that the residual connection in DCR-FFN indeed further enhances fusion effects. + +The structure of the SDR Transformer is rather complex, and we summarize its ablation studies: (1) Although dual resolution slightly increases the network’s complexity, it is very effective in improving segmentation accuracy (increased by 3%), demonstrating the effectiveness of fully utilizing features from different scales. (2) The Transformer block can bring a 4.7% mIoU improvement based on dual resolution, as our model, compared to traditional CNN, can better capture global context. This is also the reason for the success of the Transformer structure. (3) Fusing dual resolutions during the process can promote information exchange, obtain more comprehensive information, and significantly improve accuracy. (4) Introducing depthwise convolution and skip connection in the feed forward network can enhance fusion effects while ensuring lightweight, strengthening model performance. (5) Introducing the dual-resolution Transformer structure will decrease inference speed, which is a major drawback. However, from the experimental results, our CNN part can still achieve fast inference (as shown in Table 3, row 4), maintaining excellent overall network inference speed even after adding the Transformer structure. + +Ablation studies for Anti-artifact Aggregation Pyramid Pooling Module (AAPPM). We conducted comparative experiments between AAPPM and two commonly used pyramid pooling modules (PPM, DAPPM), as shown in Table 4. We first removed AAPPM and found that mIoU was only 71.1%. This result, when compared to three other experiments, fully demonstrates the effectiveness of the pyramid pooling module in utilizing different pooling layers to extract diverse features. Compared to the other two methods, AAPPM has the least number of parameters and computational complexity, yet it achieves the highest accuracy improvement. + +The ablation studies of AAPPM are summarized as follows: (1) From the experimental results, AAPPM’s design for improving accuracy by enhancing upsampling, removing checkerboard artifacts, and refining sampling features is effective and suitable for constructing lightweight models. (2) In terms of inference speed, AAPPM is more efficient than the other two pyramid pooling modules, indicating its suitability for real-time segmentation models. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00010.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00010.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3c0f54ebe13536ad2f50e2eb5dc1640582cb9213 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00010.md @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +significant influence on OS or DSS by univariate analysis (Cox, 1972). In all statistical calculations, a P-value of <0·05 was considered significant. + +## Results + +The 20 surveys plus our own series comprised 249 patients (range 5–34 patients per article). Fifteen patients were lost to follow-up and excluded from analysis. Table I presents a summary of patients’ baseline characteristics. Of 234 evaluable patients included in the study, 45% were male. Their median age was 64 years (range 8–93 years), with a typical bimodal distribution (Fig 1). + +Prognostic factors. Univariate analysis revealed that four factors had a significant impact on OS: (1) achievement of CR (yes vs. no; $P < 0 \cdot 0001$); (2) age at diagnosis (< 65 years vs. ≥65 years; $P < 0 \cdot 0001$); (3) related diseases (malignancy vs. post partum vs. others; $P < 0 \cdot 0001$); and (4) inhibitor titre at diagnosis (< 10 BU vs. ≥10 BU; $P = 0 \cdot 0182$) (Table II, Fig 2). To explore whether these factors had an independent effect on the OS of patients with AH, multivariate analysis was conducted. Only CR status, age at diagnosis and related diseases proved to have a consistent, independent prognostic influence on the Cox proportional hazards regression model (P < 0 $\cdot 0001$, Table IV). With regard to DSS, the same four variables + +Table I. Baseline characteristics and clinical outcome of patients with acquired haemophilia. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Age(years)
Median (range)64(8-93)
Sex,n(%)
Male105(45)
Female129(55)
Inhibitor titre (BU)
Median(range)10(0·9-32000)
Factor VIII(%)
Median(range)2(0-30)
Related conditions, n(%)
Malignancy43(18)
Post partum34(15)
Autoimmune disorders22(9)
Others or unidentified135(58)
Immunotherapy,n(%)
Steroids184(79)
Cyclophosphamide122(52)
Immunoglobulin66(28)
Azathioprine19(8)
Plasmapheresis and/or immunoadsorption17(7)
Cyclosporin A8(3)
None27(12)
Complete remission rate,n(%)174(74)
Mortality rate,n(%)46(20)
Inhibitor-related mortality rate, n(%)26(11)
Follow-up(months)
Median (range)12(0-03-216)
+ + + +Fig 1. Age and sex distribution of the whole population. + +Table II. Univariate analysis of the effects of patient characteristics on overall survival. + + +
Patient characteristicsNo.
of patients
No.
of deaths
P
(log-rank test)
Age(years)<0-0001
≤6510714
>6510032
SexNS
Male9625
Female11121
Inhibitor titre0.0182
<10 BU7622
≥10 BU13124
FVIII levelNS
<2%12230
≥2%8516
Related conditions<0.0001
Post partum321
Malignancy3919
Other (including13626
autoimmune diseases)
Immunotherapy (hierarchical model)NS
No therapy2811
Steroids and/or IVIg5314
Other11521
Achievement of a complete remission<0-0001
Yes14816
No5930
+ +had a significant prognostic value on univariate analysis: (1) CR status $(P < 0 \cdot 0001)$; (2) age $(P = 0 \cdot 0002)$; (3) related diseases $(P = 0 \cdot 0143)$; and (4) inhibitor titre $(P = 0 \cdot 0282)$ (Table III, Fig 3). However, only CR status and age remained statistically significant in the Cox model $(P < 0 \cdot 0001$, Table IV). diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00011.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00011.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..81570d5e6ce2de619801f70d03793f77b8adceb4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00011.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ + + +$\smiles{CN1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC1=C.[Cl-]}$ + +$\smiles{C[C@@H]1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1(C)C(=C)CC.[Cl-]}$ + +$\smiles{CN1C2=CC=CC=C2C=C[C@@]13CCCC3.[Cl-]}$ + +$\smiles{CN1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC1=C.Cl}$ + +$\smiles{C[C@@H]1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1(C)C=CC.Cl}$ + +$\smiles{CN1C2=C(CCCC2)C=Cc2ccccc12.Cl}$ + +Scheme 5 Sterics in spiropyran influence ease of ionization but also impact their synthesis, in particular conformational restrictions at the reactive centre. Attachment of secondary carbon atoms at the 2-position causes twisting out of plane in their parent Fischer base tautomer thus creating steric hindrance in their reactive form, unless the nature of the substituent forces it into the same plane to begin with. + +by Koelsch in 1951,$^{41}$ in which a thermal barrier to ring-closing was demonstrated by plunging a hot deep purple solution of dinaphthospiropyran into dry ice and acetone. A pale blue colour persisted at this temperature, but faded to colourless rapidly when warmed to room temperature (Scheme 6). + +Only two years later, Hirshberg and Fischer reported the appearance of variously coloured isomers at temperatures starting from 105 K.⁴⁶ Excitation with UV-light allowed photo-induced access to the merocyanine form (vide infra) of dibenzo-, benzo-β-naphtho- and di-β-naphthospriopyran, albeit at this temperature only a few stable isomers are “frozen-in”⁴⁷ by the photoexcitation manifested in the unusual colour. Subsequent thermochromism was observed upon raising the temperature gradually, providing thermal access to additional isomers at 123 K and again at 163 K with large changes in colour, and ultimately fading to colourless again when brought to room temperature. These data support the existence of energetically distinct cisoid and transoid isomers, where at any given temperature a weighted average of all thermally accessible coloured states is obtained. Moreover, the higher the temperature, the more isomers that become accessible, leading to the earlier collectively observed further colour changes for some spiropyans close to solvent boiling points.⁴¹ There are eight conformers/isomers that constitute energetically distinct merocyanine forms, identified commonly by combined Z/E configuration about the α, β and γ bonds (Scheme 7). + +The conformations and the internal rotations involved in converting between the isomers can result in restrictions to the photochemical and thermal isomerizations.$^{48,49}$ Steric constraints can be controlled environmentally also, e.g. in MOFs, COFs (*vide infra*), and by solvent, and indeed the kinetics of isomerization are affected by spatial arrangement as well as the polarity of the immediate environment. + +## Solvatochromism of spiropyans + +In addition to thermal access to several coloured forms, solvent can affect the appearance and nature of their absorption + + + +$\smiles{*C1(*)[*C1(*)C=Cc2ccccc2O1}$ + +$\smiles{*C1(*)C=Cc2ccccc2O1}$ + +$\smiles{*C(*)=C/C=C/C1=CC=CC(=O)C1}$ + +$\smiles{*C(*)=[N+]/C=C/C=C/c1ccccc1[O-]}$ + +Scheme 6 Simplified reaction coordinate diagram for the thermochromism in spiropyran. The nature of X lowers the height of the energy barriers in the order N > O >> C, as do the electron releasing ability of the R groups contribute to this lowering in energy. Appropriate substitution of the pyran ring can lower the ground state energy of the MC form (see Scheme 4) and can thereby also cause the barrier to decrease. Note that the separation of charge contributes substantially to the energies of the cisoid and transoid forms. + +spectra, i.e., solvatochromism, which was noted already in the early 20th century.³⁶ In the potential energy surface (PES) above (Scheme 6) the cisoid and transoid isomers are considered as a single energy minimum since they are close in energy. The observed solvatochromism is consistent with such a landscape,⁵⁰ as the progressive colouration of spiropyran with increasing solvent polarity is due to the decrease in the energy of, and thermal barrier to, the polar merocyanine forms. This phenomenon occurs primarily through differences in solvation energies and possible H-bonding interactions and is analogous to lowering in energy by structural modification.⁴² Typically, this lowering of barrier to ring-opening is accompanied by a blue-shift of up to 40 nm in the merocyanine absorption or even the appearance of a shoulder, indicating the appearance of additional transoid forms.³⁷ Both the changing barrier between the closed and open form and the shift in absorption bands can be rationalized by the increase in energy gap as a result of differences in stabilization of the various ground and excited states (Scheme 8).⁴⁵ + +The ground state of the merocyanine resembles most closely a zwitterionic form in benzospriopyrans, whereas the excited state is better represented by a quinoidal structure.$^{45}$ Hence, increasing \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00012.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00012.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dad5ec2fc9af860c7c5c9e6b732f9081cfe928fc --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00012.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + +$\smiles{Cc1ccc2N(*)C3(Oc4ccc([N+](=O)[O-])cc4C=C3)C(C)(C)c2c1}$ + +$\smiles{Cc1ccc2[N+](*)=C3C=Cc4cc([N+](=O)[O-])ccc4OC3(C)C)c2c1}$ + +Scheme 21 Methyl-substitution at the para-position in the indoline unit blocks C–C coupling, rendering the electrochemistry chemically reversible.$^{149}$ + +transition metal cations.¹⁴⁸ The series of reactions that lead to the coupling are analogous to the oxidative coupling of anilines. Ivashenko et al. showed subsequently that blocking coupling by methyl-substitution in the para-position prevents dimerization and the oxidative cyclic voltammetry thus becomes reversible (Scheme 21).¹⁴⁹ The blocking of the oxidative coupling by the methyl group demonstrates that the radical character lies predominantly at this position and not the chromene unit (Scheme 22).¹⁴⁸ Dimerization by oxidative coupling was shown later in self-assembled monolayers of nitrosopyran also.¹⁵⁰ + +This feature of spiropyans, which has emerged in the past decade only, has important implications with regard to earlier studies and to more recent contributions in which the fabrication process of the spiropyran embedded materials is redox-driven, e.g., forming polymers from acrylamides and acrylates. 126,130,133–135,151 However, this electrochemically driven coupling reaction alone can also be used to generate polymers at the electrode when tethering spiropyran together through their alkyl side-chain. 31 In addition to the retention of pH-stimulated switching, this approach enables observation and utilization of redox-gated ring-opening with visible light, yielding a multi-stimulus switchable spiropyran polymer (Scheme 23). + + + +Scheme 22 Mechanism of oxidative dimerization in spiropyran to form the spiropyran dimer photochrome. The initial oxidation of spiropyran cause aryl–aryl coupling of the generated radical cations (SP to H$_2$I$^{2+}$), followed by spontaneous double deprotonation to recover the energetically favoured diaryl SP–SP form. Since the redox potential of the dimer lies at approximately 0.65 V for its first and 0.80 V for its second oxidation, the newly generated spiropyran dimer immediately oxidized to its dicationic state (SP–SP to SP–SP$^{2+}$). These series of reactions (red arrows) result in a current that is twice that expected for a one electron oxidation. + + + +$\smiles{O=[N+]([O-])c1ccc2oc3(n(CCOC(=O)CCC(=O)OCCN4c5ccc([N+](=O)[O-])cc5C=C[C@]45Oc4ccc(cc4C=C5)C)c4ccccc4C3(C)C)C=Cc2c1}$ + +$\smiles{O=[N+]([O-])c1ccc2/C(=C/C=C3\C=C(C=CC3=[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](C)(CCOC(=O)CCC(=O)OCCN3/C(=C/C=C4\C=C(C=CC4=[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])c4cc([N+](=O)[O-])ccc4C3(C)C)C(C)(C)c2c1.O=C(CCC(=O)OCCN1/C(=C/C=C2\C=C(C=CC2=[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])c2cc([N+](=O)[O-])ccc2C1(C)C)O}$ + + +Scheme 23 Approach to use electrochemical dimerization (i.e., single coupling) of spiropyran to achieve polymerization by having each building block able to couple twice, and the novel reactivity of the spiropyran dimers toward visible light irradiation in the dicationic state.$^{31}$ + +Notably, although this method creates opportunities for the preparation of multiphotochromes in general to form multifunctional polymers, it is particularly attractive when two spiropyrans are incorporated due to their inherent \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00013.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00013.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..69c177f2365dd4c120e84bcf63b7cd22cd8050eb --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00013.md @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +## Description + +Sinosauropteryx is comparable in size and morphology to known specimens of Compsognathus$^{11,12}$ from Germany and France. The smaller Chinese specimen (Fig. 2) is 0.68 m long (snout to end of tail) and has a femur length of 53.2 mm, whereas the second specimen (Fig. 3) has a femur length of 86.4 mm. The former is smaller than the type specimen of Compsognathus longipes (femur length about 67 mm) and the latter is smaller than the second specimen of Compsognathus from Canjuers (France), which has a femur length of 110 mm and an estimated length of 1.25 m. Although size and body proportions indicate that the smaller specimen was younger when it died, well-ossified limb joints and tarsals suggest that it was approaching maturity. + +Sinosauropteryx and Compsognathus share several characteristics that indicate close relationship. These can be used to diagnose the Compsognathidae and include unserrated premaxillary but serrated maxillary teeth, a powerful manual phalanx I–1 (shaft diameter is greater than that of the radius), fan-shaped neural spines on the dorsal vertebrae, limited anterior expansion of the pubic boot and a prominent obturator process of the ischium. + +Other characteristics were used to diagnose *Compsognathus*, including the presence of a relatively large skull and short forelimbs. In *Compsognathus*, skull length is 30% of that of the presacral vertebral column, whereas this same ratio is 40% in the new specimen NIGP 127586 and 36% in NIGP 127587. Unfortunately, relative skull length is highly variable in theropods. Comparing skull length with femur length, which is less variable than vertebral length, most theropods have skulls 100–119% the length of the femur$^{13}$. The *Compsognathus* skulls are 99–100% and *Sinosauropteryx* skulls are 113–117%. Compsognathids have short forelimbs$^{1}$, 40% of the length of the hindlimb in *Compsognathus*. In *Sinosauropteryx*, the lengths of humerus plus radius divided by the sum of femur and tibia lengths produces a figure of less than 30% (Table 1). Unfortunately, such ratios are dependent on the absolute + +Table 1 Comparison of size and proportions of Sinosauropteryx and Compsognathus + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
SpeciesSpecimenSkullHumerusRadiusFemurTibiaSkull/femurArm/leg
Compsognathus sp.BSP ASI703924.77187.60.990.40
Compsognathus sp.MNHN11067421101.00
Sinosauropteryx primusNIGP12758662.520.312.453.2611.170.29
Sinosauropteryx primusNIGP12758797.235.52186.4971.130.31
+ +Length measurements are given in millimetres. Data about Compsognathus are from ref. 11. + + + +Figure 2 Sinosauropteryx prima Ji and Ji. a, NIGP 127586, the counterpart of holotype (GMV 2123). b, Skeletal reconstruction of NIGP 127586. The integumentary structures are along the dorsal side and tail and dark pigmentation in the abdominal region might be some soft tissues of viscera. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00014.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00014.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c3f6bfcb856ad5e515ebd4199bba518c48e76bae --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00014.md @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +# “No, to the Right” – Online Language Corrections for Robotic Manipulation via Shared Autonomy + +Yuchen Cui∗
+yuchenc@cs.stanford.edu
+Stanford University
+Stanford, CA, USA + +Siddharth Karamcheti∗ +skaramcheti@cs.stanford.edu +Stanford University +Stanford, CA, USA + +Raj Palleti +Stanford University +Stanford, CA, USA + +Nidhya Shivakumar +The Harker School +San Jose, CA, USA + +Percy Liang +Stanford University +Stanford, CA, USA + +Dorsa Sadigh +Stanford University +Stanford, CA, USA + + +Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the owner/author(s). +HRI '23, March 13–16, 2023, Stockholm, Sweden +© 2023 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). +ACM ISBN 978-1-4503-9964-7/23/03. +https://doi.org/10.1145/3568162.3578623 + + +## ABSTRACT + +Systems for language-guided human-robot interaction must satisfy two key desiderata for broad adoption: adaptivity and learning efficiency. Unfortunately, existing instruction-following agents cannot adapt, lacking the ability to incorporate online natural language supervision, and even if they could, require hundreds of demonstrations to learn even simple policies. In this work, we address these problems by presenting Language-Informed Latent Actions with Corrections (LILAC), a framework for incorporating and adapting to natural language corrections – “to the right”, or “no, towards the book” – online, during execution. We explore rich manipulation domains within a shared autonomy paradigm. Instead of discrete turn-taking between a human and robot, LILAC splits agency between the human and robot: language is an input to a learned model that produces a meaningful, low-dimensional control space that the human can use to guide the robot. Each real-time correction refines the human’s control space, enabling precise, extended behaviors – with the added benefit of requiring only a handful of demonstrations to learn. We evaluate our approach via a user study where users work with a Franka Emika Panda manipulator to complete complex manipulation tasks. Compared to existing learned baselines covering both open-loop instruction following and single-turn shared autonomy, we show that our corrections-aware approach obtains higher task completion rates, and is subjectively preferred by users because of its reliability, precision, and ease of use.¹ + +## CCS CONCEPTS + +· Computing methodologies → Cooperation and coordination; Natural language processing; Learning from demonstrations. + +*Both authors contributed equally to this research. + +$^1$Project website with videos & study interface: https://sites.google.com/view/hri-lilac. Code for data collection, model definition, training, and evaluation: +https://github.com/Stanford-ILIAD/lilac. + +Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. + +For all other uses, contact the owner/author(s). + +HRI '23, March 13–16, 2023, Stockholm, Sweden + +© 2023 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). + +ACM ISBN 978-1-4503-9964-7/23/03. + +https://doi.org/10.1145/3568162.3578623 + + + +Figure 1: LILAC: Whereas prior work only allows for issuing a single language utterance for the entire task (“Pick up the book and insert it into the bookshelf” – solid line), our approach allows users to provide language corrections at any point during execution, allowing the robot to adapt online (“Tilt down a little bit!” – right window). + +## KEYWORDS + +Online corrections, language & shared autonomy, robot learning + +## ACM Reference Format: + +Yuchen Cui, Siddharth Karamcheti, Raj Palleti, Nidhya Shivakumar, Percy Liang, and Dorsa Sadigh. 2023. “No, to the Right” - Online Language Corrections for Robotic Manipulation via Shared Autonomy. In Proceedings of the 2023 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI ’23), March 13–16, 2023, Stockholm, Sweden. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 9 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3568162.3578623 + +## 1 INTRODUCTION + +Research in natural language for robotics has focused on dyadic turn-based interactions between humans and robots, often in the instruction following regime [2, 3, 46, 49]. In this paradigm a human + diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00015.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00015.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..872f8a741cfe482ba7d5e798d5d5781a1d771f63 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00015.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +## 3 Multiscale Representation Learning Framework for Fault Diagnosis + +In order to better capture fault-related information at different time scales from raw vibration signals, in this paper, we propose a multiscale representation learning (MSRL) framework for fault diagnosis. The overall architecture of MSRL is depicted in Figure 2. The goal is to learn integrated representations from different scales and thus improve diagnosis performance. A key advantage of this framework is to directly learn useful features from complex raw vibration signals in an unsupervised manner only relying on those unlabeled data without any label information, which is very suitable for practice application where unlabeled data are quite easy to obtain. More importantly, it can take full use of different scale information hidden in raw vibration signals to enhance feature representation ability. In general, this framework mainly consists of initial multiscale signal generation through a simple coarse-grained process, multiscale feature representation learning and integration, and final supervised fault classification with labeled data. The details of each part are described as follows. + +## 3.1 Multiscale Signal Generation + +In the proposed MSRL framework, the first stage is to obtain multiscale signals from the original vibration signal. In this study, we use a coarse-grained procedure to generate sketches of a vibration signal (naturally a time series) at different scales. By doing so, it can provide a way to characterize a signal over a range of scales and these obtained multiscale signals contain different and complementary information. Figure 3 illustrates the coarse-grained procedure for scales $s = 2$ and $s = 3$. + +Given a measured vibration signal $\{x_i, i = 1, 2,..., n\}$, multiple coarse-grained signals are constructed by averaging the data points within non-overlapping window of increasing length $s$. Each coarse-grained signal is constructed by using the following equation: + +$$y_j^{(s)} = \frac{1}{s} \sum_{i=(j-1)s+1}^{js} x_i, \quad 1 \leq j \leq \frac{N}{s}, \tag{6}$$ + +where s represents the scale factor. As the scale factor s increases, the length of coarse-grained signals decreases. It is obvious that for scale s = 1 the coarse-grained signal $ y^{(1)} $ is simply the original signal. + +Suppose that we have the training set $X \in \mathbb{R}^{d \times n}$, where $n$ is the number of training samples and $d$ is feature dimension in original data space. By using this method, we can generate multiscale training set $X_s \in \mathbb{R}^{(d/s) \times n}$ with different lengths for different scale factor $s$. In the current study, we consider scale factor $s = 1, 2, 3$. + +## 3.2 Multiscale Feature Learning and Integration + +Vibration signals typically present multiscale characteristics [26], due to the interactions and coupling between mechanical parts in a complex machine, especially when a certain fault occurs. Traditional feature extraction methods relying on the single scale signal fail to capture rich patterns at different time scales. In this stage, the main goal is to learn multiscale feature representations containing more rich diagnosis information from the multiscale training set. Specifically, as shown in Figure 2, we first use sparse + + + +Figure 2 Overall architecture of the proposed MSRL framework for fault diagnosis where three scales are considered \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00016.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00016.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d15ef0e022ace6a11262bb9d890b2a8421845956 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00016.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +chloride $(\mathrm{RhCl}_{3}, 98\%)$, potassium hydroxide $(\mathrm{KOH}, \mathrm{AR}, 85%)$, methanol $(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{OH}, \mathrm{AR}, 99.5\%)$, ethylene glycol $(\mathrm{EG}, \mathrm{AR}, 99\%)$, N,N-dimethylfor-mamide $(\mathrm{DMF}, \mathrm{AR}, 99.5\%)$, diethylenetriamine $(\mathrm{DETA}, \mathrm{AR}, 99\%)$ and maleic acid ($\geq99\%$) were purchased from Aladdin Industrial Corporation (China). Ethyl acetate ($99\%$), nitrobenzene $(\mathrm{Ph}-\mathrm{NO}_{2}, \mathrm{AR}, 99\%)$ and aniline $(\mathrm{Ph}-\mathrm{NH}_{2}, \geq99.5\%)$ were ordered from Shanghai Macklin Bio-chemical Co., Ltd. (China). Ethanol $(\mathrm{C}_{2}\mathrm{H}_{5}\mathrm{OH}, 95\%)$ and hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%) were acquired from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (China). High-purity Ar gas ($99.99\%$) was obtained from Hangzhou Special Gases Co., Ltd. (China). + +## Synthesis of Cu$_{SA}$-Rh MAs/CF + +For a typical synthesis of $Cu_{5A}$-Rh MAs/CF, the $1 \times 2\ cm^2$ of CF was soaked in a 3 M HCl solution for 20 min, followed by washing several times with ethanol/water, and then dried at 50 °C in a vacuum oven for further utilization. Typically, 10 mg of $C_8H_{12}O_6Rh_2$ and 1 g of KOH were ultrasonically dissolved in a mixture of DMF (6 mL) and EG (4 mL). Then, 5 mL of DETA was dropped into the above solution to form a homogeneous solution, the obtained solution was transferred into a 25 mL Teflon-lined autoclave and the treated CF was placed into the autoclave. Afterward, the autoclave was heated to 200 °C and kept for 8 h. After naturally cooling to room temperature, the product was extracted from the autoclave and washed several times with water/ethanol. Finally, the product was dried in a vacuum oven at 60 °C for further characterization and electrochemical measurements. + +## Synthesis of Rhene-CF + +For a typical synthesis of Rhene-CF, 1 g of KOH and 10 mg of $C_8H_{12}O_8Rh_2$ were dissolved in a 30 mL vial containing 6 mL of DMF and 4 mL of EG. Then, 5 mL of DETA was slowly added to the above solution to form a homogeneous solution. The obtained solution was transferred to a 25 mL of Teflon-lined autoclave, followed by heating to 200 °C and maintaining for 1 h. After that, the product was obtained by centrifuging and washing several times with water/ethanol and dried in a vacuum oven at 60 °C for further utilization. Finally, the Rhene-CF was prepared by covering the prepared Rhene on CF. + +## Synthesis of Rh NPs-CF + +For a typical synthesis of Rh NPs-CF, 10 mg of RhCl₃ was dissolved in 30 mL of EG to form a homogeneous solution. The above solution was transferred to a 50 mL Teflon-lined autoclave and heated at 200 °C for 2 h. Then, the product was collected by centrifuging and washing several times with water/ethanol and dried in a vacuum oven at 60 °C for further utilization. Finally, the Rh NPs-CF was prepared by covering the prepared Rh NPs on CF. + +## Material characterizations + +Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were collected on a Zeiss Gemini 500. TEM images and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) data were collected on an FEI Tecnai G2 F30 (300 kV). Aberration-corrected high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC-HAADF-STEM) images, EELS, and elemental mapping data were collected on a Thermo Scientific Themis Z. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was conducted on a Bruker Multimode 8. XRD data were recorded with a PANalytical Empyrean powder diffractometer using Cu Kα radiation and XPS data were collected on a Thermo ESCALAB 250Xi. Rh K-edge and Cu K-edge XANES and EXAFS data were acquired from a BL14W1 beamlines at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (Shanghai, China). The inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) data were collected from a PerkinElmer ICP 2100. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were collected on a Bruker Avance NEO 600 and gas chromatograph (GC) was conducted on an Agilent 8890/7000D. + +## Electrochemical experiments + +Electrochemical measurements were conducted on a CHI760E electrochemical workstation (Shanghai Chenhua Instrument Corporation, China) via a two/three-electrode system, where contains the reference electrode (Hg/HgO electrode), counter electrode (Pt foil and carbon rod), and working electrode. As a bliender-free electrode, the Cu$_{\text{SA}}$ +-Rh MAs/CF can be directly used as a working electrode, where Rhene-CF, Rh NPs-CF and CF serve as the comparison. Regarding cathodic Ph-NO₂ electroreduction reaction (Ph-NO₂ ERR), all electrochemical tests were conducted in an H-type cell with the Nafion 117 membrane separation, where the cathode chamber contains working electrodes and Hg/HgO electrode, and the anode chamber contains Pt foil. The cathode and anode electrolytes were a 1 M KOH + 5 mM Ph-NO₂ solution and a 1 M KOH solution, respectively. Before the Ph-NO₂ ERR test, Ar gas (99.99%) was continuously passed into the cathode chamber to purify the electrolyte for 20 min. More importantly, the cathode chamber needs to be continuously flooded with Ar gas during the whole Ph-NO₂ ERR tests. Regarding anodic methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), electrochemical tests were conducted in a single-chamber cell via a three-electrode system containing a working electrode, reference electrode (Hg/HgO electrode), and counter electrode (carbon rod). Regarding Ph-NO₂ ERR-MOR two-electrode system, the Cu$_{\text{SA}}$ +-Rh MAs/CF served as the cathode and anode electrodes, respectively. The cathode and anode electrolytes were a 1 M KOH + 5 mM Ph-NO₂ solution and a 1 M KOH + 4 M CH₃OH solution, respectively. All linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) curves were recorded at a scan rate of 5 mV s⁻¹ with 95% iR-compensation, and the current density for Ph-NO₂ ERR and MOR was acquired by normalizing to the geometric area of the CF. The applied potentials are converted into reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) scale according to the Eq. (6): + +$$E(vs.RHE)=E^{\theta}(Hg/HgO)+E(vs.Hg/HgO)+0.059\times pH.\tag{6}$$ + +EIS was carried out in the range of 0.1 Hz to 100 kHz. + +## Product analysis + +For Ph-NO$_2$ ERR, the electrolyte was collected and extracted with ethyl acetate after $i$-$t$ tests. The extracted products were determined by comparing the GC retention times and mass spectra. The Ph-NO$_2$ conversion and Ph-NH$_2$ selectivity were acquired via the GC results analysis and calculated based on the following Eqs. (7) and (8): + +$\text{Conversion} = \frac{\text{mol of the consumed Ph-NO}_{2}}{\text{mole of the added Ph-NO}_{2}} \times 100\%$ (7) + +$$Selectivity = \frac{\text{mol of the as-formed Ph-NH}_2}{\text{mole of the added Ph-NO}_2} \times 100\% \tag{8}$$ + +For MOR, the electrolyte after $i$-$t$ tests was collected and analyzed via the NMR spectroscopy, where maleic acid served as an internal standard. The HCOO$^-$ FEs were calculated based on the following Eq. (9): + +$$FE(HCOO^-) = \frac{N(\text{Production}) \times Z \times F}{Q} \times 100\% \tag{9}$$ + +Where $N$ is the molar amount for the formed $\text{HCOO}^-$, $Z$ is the number of electrons transferred for the formed $\text{HCOO}^-$ ($Z=4$), $F$ is the Faraday constant ($96485\ \text{C mol}^{-1}$), $Q$ is the total amount of charge consumed. + +## Computational methods + +Details of the calculation method can be found in the Supplementary method. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00017.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00017.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a11fc067e182d7f0afa9a7d822edc56689aea0d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00017.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +functions of sfRNA to be assessed. The competition experiments in which degradation of labelled reporter RNA by yeast, mammalian and mosquito XRN1 was assessed in the presence of sfRNA or unrelated competitor RNA, demonstrated that DENV and WNV sfRNA strongly inhibit activity of XRN-1 of any origin. XRN1 suppressor activity of sfRNA was shown to require monophosphate at 5’-end and xrRNA secondary structures (Moon et al., 2012). Taking into account the important role of XRN1 in maintaining the balance of host RNA transcripts (Nagarajan, 2013), the effect of sfRNA on mammalian transcriptome was assessed. It revealed accumulation of uncapped mRNAs and increased stability of hundreds of host transcripts in cells infected with sfRNA-producing WNV in comparison to sfRNAdeficient mutant, suggesting that sfRNA strongly impairs mRNA turnover in flavivirusinfected cells (Moon et al., 2012). It was speculated that inhibition of mRNA decay can misbalance production of antiviral proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines that are predominantly encoded by short-lived mRNAs and thus prevent development of the functional innate immune response to the virus. Alternatively, excess mRNAs, including uncapped RNAs was suggested to potentially contribute to the cytopathic effect associated with sfRNA (Moon et al., 2012). Both these hypotheses can explain why flaviviruses evolved to inhibit host 5’->3’ RNA decay but require further experimental validation. In addition, the effect of sfRNA on stability of viral genomic RNA can also be a potential target for future studies as inhibition of XRN1 by sfRNA may be required to maintain the balance between genomic RNA and sfRNA in infected cells. + +## 5.2. sfRNA interferes with generation of siRNAs and miRNAs + +Innate immune response to RNA virus infection in invertebrates, including mosquitoes, relies primarily on RNA interference (RNAi) pathway (Olson and Blair, 2015; Wu et al., 2010). RNAi response involves recognition of double stranded viral RNA by RNase III-like enzyme Dicer, which cleaves it into 21-nt double-stranded fragments (Bernstein et al., 2001; Fire et al., 1998). Another important class of Dicer produced small RNAs is microRNAs (miRNAs) that are 18-24nt in length and, unlike siRNAs, are encoded by host genes and target endogenous mRNAs, establishing regulation of gene expression at posttranscriptional level (Lee, 1993). Both small RNA pathways have been extensively studied in the last two decades and several comprehensive reviews are available on this subject e.g. (Daugaard and Hansen, 2017; Ha and Kim, 2014; Wilson and Doudna, 2013). + +Being generally similar, siRNAs and miRNAs are produced by different subtypes of Dicer (Lee et al., 2004) and act via different Ago proteins (Schott et al., 2012). In invertebrates and plants Dicer 1 is responsible for the processing of miRNA precursors and Dicer 2 is required for siRNA generation (Lee et al., 2004). Vertebrates are believed to be lacking Dicer 2 and therefore incapable in processing viral RNA genomes into siRNAs (Cullen, 2014). Thus, siRNA pathway is limited to plants and invertebrates, whereas miRNAs are produced in all multicellular organisms (Chen and Rajewsky, 2007). Although RNA viruses have evolved to avoid direct miRNA targeting of their genomes (Cullen, 2013), flavivirus infection alters expression of numerous miRNAs in mosquito and vertebrate hosts that have a profound antiviral effect, acting indirectly via regulation of antiviral genes and host factors required for virus replication (Ashraf et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2014; Hussain et al., 2011; Kumari et al., 2016; + +Ouyang et al., 2016; Slonchak et al., 2015, 2014, Smith et al., 2017, 2012; Thounaojam et al., 2014; Zhou et al., 2014; Zhu et al., 2015). + +Given the important role of siRNAs in antiviral defence in invertebrates, RNA viruses that infect insects have developed mechanisms to evade or inhibit RNAi response that rely on viral RNA silencing suppressor (RSS) proteins (Cirimotich et al., 2009; Lu et al., 2005; Nayak et al., 2010). The evidences for RSS activity of flavivirus proteins are currently conflicting as studies conducted with different flaviviruses assigned RSS to different viral factors. For instance, the RSS activity was demonstrated for NS4B and NS3 in DENV2 (Kakumani et al., 2013), whereas \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00018.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00018.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..873eec24d1fa3c3ec1b02590514dd29675d98c33 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00018.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + + +Figure 2. Number of news items about the “East-West relations” issue and corresponding problem awareness of the public. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00019.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00019.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f929797c44a06774d5ba6dff2c4bdcaa4d126c03 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00019.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +Table 4 +Influence of Problem Awareness of the Public on Issue Coverage in Television + + +
Regression with past news
coverage $r_{1}$
Regression with past news
coverage and past problem awareness $r_{2}$
r square change $r_{2}^{2}-r_{1}^{2}$Regression equations*
Pensions0.13***0.510.25**$y_{0}=-0.32x_{t-1}+0.35x_{t-4}$
Public security0.27***0.620.30**$y_{0}=0.66x_{t-1}-0.52x_{t-2}$
East-West relations0.320.560.21**$y_{0}=0.43x_{t-1}-0.32x_{t-4}$
Public debt0.190.510.22**$y_{0}=0.38x_{t-2}-0.34x_{t-3}$
Note: Degrees of freedom were 4 (regression) and 45 (residual) for the first equation, 8 and 41 for the second. x = problem awareness; y = issue coverage in the news
a. Significant beta weights only,$ p < .05$.
**$p < .05$; *** $p < .01$.
diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00020.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00020.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bc706823e2e72446db4030f25b852fde4709eee1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00020.md @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ + + +Figure 1: Hierarchical AllReduce on 2 nodes each with 3 local GPUs. + + + +Figure 2: Architecture of MSC-CLang + +``` +# N: number of nodes +# G: number of GPUs per node +# N*G: number of chunks +def HierarchicalAllReduce(N, G): + # intra-node ReduceScatter + for n in range(N): + local_ranks = [i+n*G for i in range(G)] + ReduceScatter(local_ranks, 0, N) + # inter-node ReduceScatter + AllGather + for g in range(G): + cross_ranks = [i+G*g for i in range(N)] + ReduceScatter(cross_ranks, g*N, 1) + AllGather(cross_ranks, g*N, 1) + + # intra-node AllGather + for n in range(N): + local_ranks = [i+n*G for i in range(G)] + AllGather(local_ranks, 0, N) +``` +(a) MSCCLang program for hierarchical AllReduce. + + +``` +# ranks = list of ranks involved +# offset = offset into the input buffer +# count = num. of chunks sent at each step +def ReduceScatter(ranks, offset, count): + R = len(ranks) + for r in range(0, R): + index = offset + r * count + c = chunk(ranks[(r+1)%R], 'in', index, count) + for step in range(1, R): + next = ranks[(step+r+1)%R] + c = chunk(next, 'in', index, count).reduce(c) + +def AllGather(ranks, offset, count): + R = len(ranks) + for r in range(0, R): + index = offset + r * count + c = chunk(ranks[r], 'in', index, count) + for step in range(1, R): + next = ranks[(step+r)%R] + c = c.copy(next, 'in', index, count) +``` +(b) MSCCLang helper functions for Ring ReduceScatter and AllGather. + +## Figure 3: MSCCLang programs for hierarchical AllReduce. + +• Input chunks represent chunks initialized at runtime. The pair (rank, index) uniquely identifies the input chunk in the input buffer. + +• Reduction chunks result from combining two chunks through a point-wise reduction (e.g., addition). The list of input chunks that combine to form a reduction chunk uniquely identifies it. + +• Uninitialized chunks are a unit type that stores uninitialized data. At the start of the program, the output and scratch buffers hold uninitialized chunks. + +## 3.2 Collectives + +MSCLang programs are associated with a collective that defines a precondition and a postcondition. The precondition determines the starting state of the input buffer in terms of unique input chunks. The postcondition sets the desired state of the output buffer – for each index of the output buffer, the postcondition specifies either an input chunk or a reduction chunk to correctly implement the collective. Defining a collective's postcondition allows MSCCLang to automatically validate that a prospective algorithm is correct. +For example, the precondition of an AllReduce over R ranks states that each rank's input buffer contains C unique input chunks: $(c_{0}^{r}, c_{1}^{r}, ..., c_{C}^{r})$. The postcondition states that all rank's output buffer are identical and contain the C reduction chunks: + +$(\sum_{r=0}^{R} c_{0}^{r}, \sum_{r=0}^{R} c_{1}^{r}, \dots, \sum_{r=0}^{R} c_{C}^{r})$. + +The algorithm, not the collective, determines the number of chunks and whether the algorithm the input and output buffer alias each other (i.e. the algorithm is in-place). For example, the hierarchical AllReduce algorithm (Figure 3) is an in-place algorithm that uses $N \times G$ chunks. For programmability, MSCCLang automatically deduces the number of chunks in the scratch buffer based on the highest scratch indices accessed in the program. + +## 3.3 MSCCLang Operations + +Table 1 lists the MSCCLang operations used for manipulating chunks. The function chunk(rank, buffer, index, count=C) diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00021.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00021.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a5a8398822760594f90824ecb17a8d23acbd4e25 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00021.md @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +Research article + +## Static output feedback stabilization of networked control systems with a parallel-triggered scheme$^✰$ + + + +Zhiying Wu$^{a,b}$, Yan Wang$^{a}$, Junlin Xiong$^{a,*}$, Min Xie$^{b}$ + +$^{a}$ Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China + +$^{b}$ Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong + +## HIGHLIGHTS + +• A new parallel-triggered scheme is proposed for networked control systems. + +• The new scheme can reduce transmission rate while maintaining the system stability. + +• A co-design algorithm is developed to minimize transmission rate. + +## ARTICLE INFO + +Article history: + +Received 30 March 2018 + +Received in revised form 1 September 2018 + +Accepted 28 September 2018 + +Available online 12 October 2018 + +Keywords: + +Co-design + +Event-triggered scheme + +Networked control systems + +Parallel-triggered scheme + +Static output feedback + +## A B S T R A C T + +This paper investigates the parallel-triggered static output feedback stabilization problem for linear networked control systems. A new parallel-triggered scheme is proposed by using both the relative error and the absolute error information. The scheme can reduce transmission rate while maintaining the global asymptotical stability. The linear parallel-triggered networked control system is modeled as a time-delay system. By employing Lyapunov stability theory, sufficient conditions are established for the closed-loop system to be globally asymptotically stable in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Moreover, a co-design algorithm is developed to obtain both the optimal trigger parameters and the output feedback controller gain in the sense that the transmission rate is minimized. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the advantages of the proposed scheme. + +© 2018 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. + + +## 1. Introduction + +Networked control systems (NCSs) are a class of distributed systems utilizing a communication network to exchange information among system components (sensors, actuators and controllers) [1]. NCSs have been widely applied in smart grids [2] and manufacture plants [3,4], and fruitful theoretical results of NCSs have been derived in [5–7]. Most of these results are established under a time-triggered scheme. In time-triggered NCSs, the sampled data are transmitted under a constant rate. However, the time-triggered scheme usually leads to over-utilization of the communication bandwidth. In practice, the communication bandwidth is limited. To reduce the consumption of communication resources, event-triggered schemes (ETSs) are adopted for NCSs [8–10]. + +In event-triggered NCSs, the control signals are updated only when event-triggered conditions are satisfied [8,10]. Recently, the event-triggered control problems have attracted substantial attention, and various ETSs are proposed to reduce the number of transmitted signals [10–21]. These ETSs can be classified into three types in terms of triggered conditions: the relative, the absolute and the mixed ETSs. In the relative ETSs, the event generators utilize the relative error information. Specifically, a continuous relative ETS is proposed in [11]. Based on the continuous relative ETS, the output feedback control problem for distributed NCSs is addressed in [12]. The continuous relative ETS may lead to Zeno behavior [22]. To avoid Zeno behavior, a periodic relative ETS for linear NCSs is proposed in [10]. Based on the periodic relative ETS, the static output feedback stabilization problem of linear NCSs is investigated in [13]. In the absolute ETSs, the event generators use the absolute error information. To be specific, an absolute ETS is proposed in [14] based on a constant threshold. To reduce the transmission rate during the transient state, an absolute ETS is firstly proposed in [15] by using an exponentially decreasing threshold function. Based on the absolute ETS in [15], an absolute ETS is presented in [16] by introducing a tuning parameter and a weighting matrix. Under the absolute ETS, the observer-based output feedback control problem of linear NCSs is discussed in + +$^☆$ This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61773357 and 71532008. + +$^{*}$ Corresponding author. + +E-mail addresses: wzy100@mail.ustc.edu.cn (Z. Wu), + wangyany@mail.ustc.edu.cn (Y. Wang), xiong77@ustc.edu.cn (J. Xiong), +minxie@cityu.edu.hk (M. Xie). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00022.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00022.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43f89f6f433dcea34e941411c5b1b35eb314ef68 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00022.md @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +$$t_1 = \begin{cases} y_1^2/400, y_1 > 245 \\ 150, y_1 \leq 245 \end{cases} \tag{3}$$ + +where $y_1$ is the ordinate of the intrusion region center in the image. Any intrusion region value greater than $t_1$ should be saved as the final intrusion regions. A minimum threshold is used to reduce false positives. Since (1) has removed many redundant foreground, the minimum threshold of (1) is 100. Therefore, the minimum threshold of (3) should be larger than (1) so it is set to 150 based on experiments. Then, we need to determine the piecewise point $y_1$ of the piecewise function. In our experiment, the algorithm can achieve good results when the constant is 400. Therefore, $y_1$ is $245 \approx \sqrt{400 * 150}$ to ensure the continuity of the threshold function. + +NMS is a local maximum search algorithm to suppress non-maximum elements. It is an important preprocessing in computer vision and is first used for edge detection [36–40]. NMS selects maximum foreground area, but does it also optimizes results. In the paper, NMS deletes many redundant intrusion regions and saves accurate intrusion regions. Specifically, NMS calculates the area of the foreground in all intrusion regions and sorts all the intrusion regions. The intrusion region $M$ with maximum foreground area is obtained, and the intersection between $M$ and other intrusion region $c_i$ is calculated. As shown in follow + +$$s_i = \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} s_i & \text{iou}(M, c_i) < t_2 \\ \text{none} & \text{iou}(M, c_i) \geq t_2 \end{array} \right. \tag{4}$$ + +where $s_i$ means to save the intrusion region, none means to remove the intrusion region. $t_2$ is the threshold of NMS and is 0.3. If an intersection over union (IOU) is greater than the threshold, the intrusion region is removed. The pseudocode of NMS algorithm is shown in Table 2. + +## 3.2. Stage-2: Object recognition + +In stage-2, object recognition utilizes deep learning algorithms to process the intrusion regions output from stage-1. Note that stage-2 is started only when railway intrusion is detected in stage-1, which greatly reduces the computation. In this section, we propose a railway intrusion detection algorithm (RIDA) based on depthwise separable convolution as the object recognition algorithm. The architecture is shown in Fig. 4. + +## 3.2.1. Depthwise separable convolution + +Depthwise separable convolution is introduced in [44] and subsequently used in Inception models [45] and MobileNets [43]. Depthwise separable convolution is a factorized convolution that factorizes a standard convolution into a depthwise convolution and a point + +Table 2 +Non-maximum suppression algorithm. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Algorithm: Non-maximum Suppression
Input: + $C = \{c_1, \dots, c_n\}, S = \{s_1, \dots, s_n\}, t_2$
+ $C$ is the list intrusion regions
+ $S$ is corresponding foreground area
+ $t_2$ is the NMS threshold +
Output:$D$, the set of final intrusion regions.
+
+ 1: $D \leftarrow \{ \}$
+ 2: while $C \neq \emptyset$ do
+ 3: $m \leftarrow \text{argmax} S$
+ 4: $M \leftarrow c_m$
+ 5: $D \leftarrow D \cup M; C \leftarrow C - M$
+ 6: for $c_i \text{ in } C$ do
+ 7: if $IOU(M, c_i) \geq t_2$ then
+ 8:$C \leftarrow C - c_i; S \leftarrow S - s_i$
+ 9: end if
+ 10: end for
+ 11:end while
+ 12: return $D, S$ +
+
+ +convolution. The working mechanism of standard convolution and depthwise separable convolution is shown in Fig. 5. Depthwise convolution filters each input channel for feature extraction, but does not combine with the feature map. Pointwise convolution is a $1 \times 1$ standard convolution that combines with the output of depthwise convolution. Depthwise separable convolution achieves a similar effect as standard convolution, but greatly reduces model size and computational cost. + +We take the input feature map $F$ as $(D_F, D_F, M)$, where $D_F$ is the height and width of the square input feature map, and $M$ is the number of channels. The output feature map $G$ is taken as $(D_G, D_G, N)$, where $D_G$ is the height and width of the square output feature map, and $N$ is the number of channels. We assume that the input feature map is square and the input feature map spatial dimensions are the same as the output feature map to simplify the calculation. Similarly, we only calculate the multiplications and ignore the additions. + +Standard convolution $(D_k, D_k, M, N)$ is used as a filter where $D_k$ is the convolution kernel size and $M$ is the number of input channels and $N$ is the number of output channels. So, the computational cost of standard convolution is show as + +$$D_k \cdot D_k \cdot M \cdot N \cdot D_F \cdot D_F \tag{5}$$ + +Depthwise separable convolution is composed of depthwise convolution and pointwise convolution. Pointwise convolution is the standard convolution with convolution kernel of $1 \times 1$, and the computation is same as (5). The computational cost of depthwise convolution can be written as: + +$$D_{k}\cdot D_{k}\cdot M\cdot D_{F}\cdot D_{F}\tag{6}$$ + +where $D_k \cdot D_k$ is the kernel size, $D_F \cdot D_F$ is the input feature map, and the number of input channels is $M$. +Therefore, depthwise separable convolution has a computational cost + +$$D_k \cdot D_k \cdot M \cdot D_F \cdot D_F + M \cdot N \cdot D_F \cdot D_F \tag{7}$$ + +By comparing depthwise separable convolution and standard convolution, we can get a ratio of the computational cost. + +$\frac{D_{k}\cdot D_{k}\cdot M\cdot D_{F}\cdot D_{F}+M\cdot N\cdot D_{F}\cdot D_{F}}{D_{k}\cdot D_{k}\cdot M\cdot D_{F}\cdot D_{F}\cdot N}=\frac{1}{N}+\frac{1}{D_{k}^{2}}$ (8) + +Because the number of output channels is generally large, it can be ignored. We assume that using $3 \times 3$ convolutions separately, depthwise separable convolutions can reduce the computational cost by 8 to 9 times compared to standard convolutions. + +## 3.2.2. Backbone network + +We design an efficient backbone network with 5 standard convolution layers and 23 mobile inverted bottleneck layers. The architecture of backbone network is shown in Fig. 6. Standard convolution layers are used for down sampling and changing the number of channels. Mobile inverted bottleneck layers [41] are inverted residuals with linear bottlenecks [42] and shown in Fig. 6. Inverted residuals can enhance the propagation of gradients and significantly reduce the memory by expanding input channels and reducing output channels. Linear bottlenecks use linear instead of rectified linear unit (ReLU) [30] in low dimension, which can retain more features and enhance the expressiveness of the network. Moreover, the model has stronger robustness because ReLU6 is used as a non-linearity. + +## 3.2.3. Feature pyramid network + +Although convolutional neural networks can extract multi-scale feature information in different dimensions, it is difficult to make full use of this information. To improve the performance of models, several studies [15,23,46,47] focus on multi-scale feature fusion. FPN [15] can integrate high-dimensional features and low-dimensional features, and thus significantly improve algorithm performance. It is well known that \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00023.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00023.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c140042aa2eba639bcf2746470f4bf8c9a9d23a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00023.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +Table 2 +Propensity score matching (PSM). + + +
       Panel A: Mean differences in covariates between treated and control firms in the pre-S135 period     
VariableControlTreatedDiff (T-C)t-statp-value
Size6.5188.2451.727***41.460.000
(1.614)(2.216)
42174566
Leverage1.1870.941−0.246***−6.670.000
(1.877)(1.437)
37724339
Cash0.3130.204−0.109***−6.540.000
(0.964)(0.424)
40693927
CapEx0.0310.0420.010***8.060.000
(0.059)(0.059)
42174566
IO23.79239.26115.469***26.030.000
(24.734)(30.664)
42384660
+ + +
Panel B: Pre-match propensity score regression and post-match diagnostic regression
Dummy = 1 if affected by S-135; 0 if unaffected
Pre-matchPost-match
Mode[1]Mode[2]
Size0.431***
(20.06)
0.002
(0.06)
Leverage−0.165***
(−8.11)
−0.021
(−0.86)
Cash0.198***
(3.67)
−0.005
(−0.07)
CapEx1.817***
(3.04)
0.272
(0.28)
IO0.003***
(2.63)
−0.002
(−1.10)
Constant−3.163***
(−17.45)
0.171
(0.70)
Industry FEYesYes
Pseudo R²0.280.02
p-value of χ²0.000.20
Observations26791028
+ +Panel A of Table 2 reports the t-test of mean differences in covariates between treated and control firms in the pre-S-135 period and Panel B of Table 2 shows a probit model for PSM as per the following specification: + +$Treated_{i} = \alpha + X_{it}.\beta' + \vartheta_{j} + \varepsilon_{it}$ + +where $Treated_i$ is a categorical variable that takes the value of one if the firm is affected by S-135 and zero otherwise. $X_{it}$ is the vector of covariates used for matching that comprises Size, Leverage, Cash, CapEx, and IO, all as defined in Table 1. $\theta_j$ is the industry fixed effects using the Fama-French 17 industries classification. Model [1] presents a probit model predicting the likelihood of being a treated firm from the entire sample of firms with no missing covariates in the pre-S-135 period. Model [2] presents the probit likelihood model for matched treated and comparison firms using PSM with replacement. Heteroskedasticity robust t-stats are presented in parentheses. *, **, and *** denote statistical significance at the 10%, 5% and 1% significance levels, respectively. Data source: CIQ and CMIE database. + +of treated and control firms before the enforcement of S-135 (Rosenbaum and Rubin, 1985; Smith and Todd, 2005).¹⁹ The PSM algorithm generates 514 distinct pairs of matched treated and control firms. To test whether the PSM technique reduced variations in covariates between control and treated groups before S-135, we re-run specification (8) on the matched pair of firms. The estimates obtained from specification (8) for both the pre- and post-matched samples are presented in Panel B of Table 2. +As illustrated in Model [2] of Panel B in Table 2, none of the covariates seem to be significant, clearly indicating very little + +$^{19}$Our sample originally contains 1590 control and 1647 treated firms (Almost evenly distributed). Thus, instead of exact matching, we apply nearest neighbor matching with a highly restrictive caliper radius of 0.01%. We acknowledge that such a restrictive procedure considerably reduces the number of treated and control firms in our matched sub-sample. However, such restricted near-randomization approach results in almost identical treated and control groups, which are immune to any heterogenous characteristics bias. Moreover, matching with replacement reduces the propensity score distance among the matched treated and control group firms which, in turn, reduces PSM bias (Dehejia and Wahba, 2002). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00024.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00024.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1db29d4f9a511359bf0651bdde2b791f8ed046fe --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00024.md @@ -0,0 +1,222 @@ +Table 9 +Cross-sectional heterogeneity. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Business Group AffiliationPromoter OwnershipInstitutional OwnershipForeign SalesGeographic Location
YesNoHighLowHighLowYesNoSingleMultiple
[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]
DiD-1.092-2.845***-2.309**-1.890-0.809-3.205**-2.553**-1.374-1.968-2.311**
(Treatedix Aftert)(-0.82)(-2.63)(-2.31)(-1.07)(-0.76)(-2.51)(-2.44)(-0.91)(-1.11)(-2.41)
Size-0.233
(-0.36)
-0.132
(-0.61)
0.194
(0.54)
-0.519*
(-1.78)
0.687*
(1.67)
-0.464**
(-2.04)
-0.416
(-0.90)
0.062
(0.25)
-0.175
(-0.34)
-0.140
(-0.75)
Leverage-0.082
(-0.41)
0.368
(1.59)
-0.005
(-0.03)
0.483
(1.40)
-0.220
(-1.36)
0.599*
(1.90)
0.274
(1.36)
-0.059
(-0.19)
0.257
(0.99)
0.120
(0.64)
Cash0.329
(0.35)
-0.399
(-0.64)
0.364
(0.51)
-1.642***
(-2.94)
1.210
(1.59)
-1.253*
(-1.83)
-0.715
(-0.75)
-0.161
(-0.27)
-0.543
(-0.81)
-0.013
(-0.02)
CapEx-3.005
(-0.48)
-2.448
(-0.55)
-1.513
(-0.35)
-5.014
(-1.00)
2.723
(0.64)
-8.247
(-1.32)
-3.933
(-0.81)
0.517
(0.09)
5.397
(0.74)
-4.996
(-1.19)
IO-0.071
(-1.15)
0.093**
(2.32)
0.047
(0.98)
-0.001
(-0.01)
0.023
(0.55)
0.001
(0.03)
0.053
(1.55)
0.023
(0.36)
0.182**
(2.35)
-0.002
(-0.05)
Analyst-0.140
(-0.76)
-0.365
(-1.61)
-0.321*
(-1.70)
-0.287
(-0.94)
-0.460**
(-2.50)
-0.229
(-0.56)
-0.062
(-0.36)
-1.087**
(-2.43)
-0.401
(-1.12)
-0.262
(-1.44)
Volatility0.316**
(2.06)
-0.003
(-0.02)
0.096
(0.92)
-0.199
(-1.35)
0.195*
(1.67)
-0.219*
(-1.75)
-0.127
(-1.36)
0.459**
(2.53)
0.000
(0.00)
0.104
(1.03)
Turnover-0.691***
(-2.95)
1.542
(0.33)
-5.343***
(-3.14)
17.62***
(12.73)
-3.864***
(-2.70)
2.263
(0.40)
-0.763***
(-3.65)
1.767
(0.37)
11.01*
(1.95)
-4.415***
(-2.95)
$Adj.R^2$0.560.390.470.260.540.370.460.410.390.46
Firm FEYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Year FEYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
No.of Firms315750829341540641643665262766
Observations1783412945061406276931433094281815194393
+ +Table 9 reports the multivariate PSM-DiD regression results using the subsample of firms (as indicated) as per the following specification: + +$S M L_{i t}=\alpha+\beta.(Treated_{i}\times After_{t})+\pmb{X}_{i t-1}.\pmb{\delta}^{\prime}+\gamma_{i}+\tau_{t}+\varepsilon_{i t}$ + +where $SML_{it}$ is the stock market liquidity, proxied by Amihud, as defined in Table 1, of firm $i$'s stock in year $t$. Treated, and After, are categorical variables, as defined in Table 4. The DiD is the interaction between Treated, and After, dummies. $X_{it-1}$ is a vector of one year lagged covariates that include Size, Leverage, Cash, CapEx, and IO and stock market variables that consist of Analyst, Volatility, and Turnover, all as defined in Table 1. $\gamma_i$ and $\tau_t$ are the firm and year fixed effects, respectively. Standard errors are clustered at the firm level and t-stats are presented in parenthesis. *, **, and *** denote statistical significance at 10%, 5% and 1% significance levels, respectively. The overall sample period ranges from 2012 to 2017. Data sources: CIQ and CMIE database. + diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00025.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00025.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ca6e4e2a27606bcf12af2b5b72b5ef66bfe84de7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00025.md @@ -0,0 +1,189 @@ +Table A2 (continued) + + +
AmihudZerosHLFHT
[1][2][3][4]
Turnover1.4350.227*-0.016-0.187***
(0.30)(1.92)(-1.02)(-2.84)
Goodwill-16.850.972-0.009-2.381
(-0.22)(0.51)(-0.01)(-0.55)
Age0.1470.022***-0.000-0.008
(0.31)(3.20)(-0.05)(-0.56)
Adj. $\mathrm {R}^{2}$0.440.760.490.67
Firm FEYesYesYesYes
Year FEYesYesYesYes
No.of Firms1028102810281028
Observations5912591259125874
+ +Table A2 reports the multivariate DiD regression results using the PSM matched treated and control group firms as per the following specification: + +$SML_{it} = \alpha + \beta. (Treated_i \times After_t) + X_{it-1} \delta' + \gamma_i + \tau_t + \varepsilon_{it}$ + +where $SML_{it}$ is the stock market liquidity, proxied by Amihud, Zeros, HL, or FHT, all as defined in Table 1, of firm i’s stock in year t. Treatedi and Aftert are categorical variables, as defined in Table 4. The DID is the interaction between $Treated_{i}$ and Aftert dummies. $X_{it-1}$ is a vector of one year lagged covariates that include Size, Leverage, Cash, CapEx, IO, Goodwill (taken as firm’s goodwill scaled by total assets), and Age (taken as the natural logarithm of firm age in years), and stock market variables that consist of Analyst, Volatility, and Turnover, all as defined in Table 1. $\gamma_i$ and $\tau_t$ are the firm and year fixed effects, respectively. Standard errors are clustered at the firm level and t-stats are presented in parenthesis. *, **, and *** denote statistical significance at 10%, 5% and 1% significance levels, respectively. The overall sample period ranges from 2012 to 2017. Data sources: CIQ and CMIE database. + +Table A3 +Treated firms without extraordinary events. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
AmihudZerosHLFHT
[1][2][3][4]
$\text {DiD}\left(\text {Treated}_{\mathrm {i}}\times \text {After}_{\mathrm {t}}\right)$-2.172**-0.027**-0.037***-0.060**
(-2.47)(-2.33)(-3.34)(-2.33)
Size0.156-0.022***-0.000-0.002
(-0.81)(-7.25)(-0.02)(-0.32)
Leverage0.1680.0020.000-0.001
(1.01)(0.93)(0.13)(-0.28)
Cash-0.2360.004-0.011*0.003
(-0.44)(0.64)(-1.77)(0.34)
CapEx-1.8290.036-0.0410.065
(-0.49)(0.91)(-1.57)(0.58)
IO0.027-0.0000.001**-0.002
(0.73)(-1.05)(2.07)(-1.47)
Analyst-0.355**-0.002-0.003***-0.004
(-2.06)(-0.68)(-2.63)(-0.61)
Volatility0.095-0.004***-0.001*0.005
(0.97)(-3.36)(-1.65)(0.95)
Turnover1.4880.235*0.010-0.205***
(0.31)(1.91)(-0.57)(-2.69)
$Adj. \mathrm {R}^{2}$0.440.760.510.68
Firm FEYesYesYesYes
Year FEYesYesYesYes
No.of Firms966966966966
Observations5551555155515551
+ +Table A3 reports the multivariate PSM-DiD regression results without the treated firms subjected to extraordinary events in the post-S-135 period: + +$SML_{it} = \alpha + \beta. (Treated_i \times After_t) + X_{it-1} \delta' + \gamma_i + \tau_t + \varepsilon_{it}$ + +where $SML_{it}$ is the stock market liquidity, proxied by Amihud, Zeros, HL, or FHT, all as defined in Table 1, of firm i’s stock in year t. Treatedi and Aftert are categorical variables, as defined in Table 4. The DiD is the interaction between $Treated_{i}$ and Aftert, dummies. $X_{it-1}$ is a vector of one year lagged covariates that include Size, Leverage, Cash, CapEx, and IO and stock market variables that consist of Analyst, Volatility, and Turnover, all as defined in Table 1. $\gamma_i$ and $\tau_t$ are the firm and year fixed effects, respectively. Standard errors are clustered at the firm level and t-stats are presented in parenthesis. *, **, and *** denote statistical significance at 10%, 5% and 1% significance levels, respectively. The overall sample period ranges from 2012 to 2017. Data sources: CIQ and CMIE database. + diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00026.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00026.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e270174ab6e77ae3a5f9bc2560451570618d0c12 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00026.md @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +Then we may relate $\tilde{\mathbf{V}}_d$ to $\mathbf{R}$ and $\mathbf{R}^2$ by + +$$\tilde{\mathbf{V}}_{\mathrm{d}} = \mathbf{P}_{1} \mathbf{R} + \mathbf{P}_{2} \mathbf{R}^{2}. \tag{12}$$ + +Here, $\mathbf{P}_1$ and $\mathbf{P}_2$ are the $(D+1)$ by $D_r$ coupling matrices, which can be determined by the ridge regression [5,11] that minimizes the least squares difference: + +$$\ell = \| \mathbf{P}_1 \mathbf{R} + \mathbf{P}_2 \mathbf{R}^2 - \tilde{\mathbf{V}}_d \|^2 + \alpha \| \tilde{\mathbf{V}}_d \|^2, \tag{13}$$ + +where $\alpha$ is a small positive regularization constant to avoid overfitting. + +Once the mapping $\mathbf{\hat{W}}_{\text{out}}$ is obtained, the system turns into the prediction phase, where the relative time $\hat{t}_n$ with the starting point $\hat{t}_0 = t_{N_W + N_T}$ is used. At the boundary of the time between training and predicting phases, one has $\mathbf{\tilde{u}}(\hat{t}_0) = \mathbf{\tilde{u}}(t_{N_W + N_T})$ and $\mathbf{\tilde{v}}_d(\hat{t}_0) = \mathbf{\tilde{u}}(\hat{t}_0)$. The output $\mathbf{\tilde{v}}(\hat{t}_{n+1})$ is given by + +$$\tilde{\mathbf{v}}(\hat{t}_{n+1})=\mathbf{P}_{1}\mathbf{r}(\hat{t}_{n+1})+\mathbf{P}_{2}\mathbf{r}^{2}(\hat{t}_{n+1}).\tag{14}$$ + +Feed back $\tilde{\mathbf{v}}(\hat{t}_{n+1})$ to $\tilde{\mathbf{u}}(\hat{t}_{n})$ [or say replace $\tilde{\mathbf{u}}(\hat{t}_{n})$ by $\tilde{\mathbf{v}}(\hat{t}_{n+1})$], and let the RC evolve; it then becomes an autonomous dynamical system and is ready to make prediction. Here, we must mention that the time intervals in the training phase take the values of those in the input data. However, during the prediction phase, it may be simply set to $\Delta\hat{t}_{n}=$ constant (usually $\Delta\hat{t}_{n}=1$ for the time-discrete maps, and $\Delta\hat{t}_{n}=\hat{t}$ in the time-continuous systems, where $\hat{t}$ is the integral time step). Running autonomously for $N_{P}$ time steps, the system will produce a prediction of time series, i.e., $\{\mathbf{v}(\hat{t}_{1}),\mathbf{v}(\hat{t}_{2}),\mathbf{v}(\hat{t}_{3}),\ldots,\mathbf{v}(\hat{t}_{N_{P}})\}$, where $\mathbf{v}(\hat{t}_{n})$ is the state variable in $\tilde{\mathbf{v}}(\hat{t}_{n})$, or the first D-dimension component of it. + +## B. Criteria for the efficiency of prediction + +To test the feasibility and validity of the scheme proposed in this paper, as the prototypes, we employ four well-known theoretical models (which will be shown in the next section). These models produce chaotic time series to coin simulated incomplete inputs and provide standards to measure the validity of the predictions. Suppose that the predicted time series reads $\{\mathbf{v}(\hat{t}_{1}),\mathbf{v}(\hat{t}_{2}),\mathbf{v}(\hat{t}_{3}),\ldots,\mathbf{v}(\hat{t}_{N})\}$, and the corresponding true counterparts produced by the theoretical models are $\{\mathbf{v}_{\mathrm{d}}(\hat{t}_{1}),\mathbf{v}_{\mathrm{d}}(\hat{t}_{2}),\mathbf{v}_{\mathrm{d}}(\hat{t}_{3}),\ldots,\mathbf{v}_{\mathrm{d}}(\hat{t}_{N})\}$, with + +$$\mathbf{v}_d(\hat{t}_n) = \mathbf{F}[\mathbf{v}_d(\hat{t}_{n-1})], \tag{15}$$ + +considering the one-step-ahead nature of the RC, where $\mathbf{F}(\cdot)$ is a time-discrete mapping. For the logistic map, it reduces to a one-dimensional mapping, i.e., $f(x_n) = \mu x_n(1 - x_n)$, while for a general $N$-dimension dynamical system, it is formally an $N$-dimension map, which is the iteration solution of the time-continuous differential equation. + +Now we introduce two measures to determine the validation of the predicted time series. The first measure is the so-called valid prediction time (VPT) denoted by $T_{\lambda}$, which is the longest duration of time before the normalized error $E(\hat{t}_{N})$ of prediction exceeds a threshold $\varepsilon$. Here, we set $\varepsilon = 0.1$. Then it is given by the following formula: + +$$T_{\lambda} \equiv \lambda_{\mathrm{m}} \max(\hat{t}_{N} - \hat{t}_{0}), \quad \text{if } E(\hat{t}_{N}) \leqslant \varepsilon. \tag{16}$$ + +where $\lambda_m$ is the maximum Lyapunov exponent, and thus, $T_\lambda$ is in Lyapunov time $1/\lambda_m$. The normalized error is defined by + +$E(\hat{t}_{N})=\frac{\|\mathbf{v}_{\mathrm{d}}(\hat{t}_{N})-\mathbf{v}(\hat{t}_{N})\|}{\sqrt{\left\langle\mathbf{v}_{\mathrm{d}}^{2}\right\rangle}}$ (17) + +where the mean square of the target is given by + +$$\left\langle\mathbf{v}_{\mathrm{d}}^{2}\right\rangle=\frac{1}{N}\sum_{n=1}^{N}\left\|\mathbf{v}_{\mathrm{d}}(\hat{t}_{n})\right\|^{2}. \tag{18}$$ + +Another measure denoted by $\sigma$ is actually the root mean square error (RMSE) of $\{\mathbf{v}(\hat{t}_{n})\}$, which is defined by + +$$\sigma=\left(\frac{1}{N_{\mathrm{P}}-1}\sum_{n=1}^{N_{\mathrm{P}}}\{\mathbf{v}(\hat{t}_{n})-\mathbf{F}[\mathbf{v}(\hat{t}_{n-1})]\}^{2}\right)^{1/2}.\tag{19}$$ + +This quantity reveals globally how far the prediction is away from the real one or the precision of the reconstruction of the dynamics (or attractor) hidden in the input time series. + +## C. Hyperparameter optimization + +As we have mentioned previously, there are three pre-determined matrices in the current $(D + 1)$-dimension scheme. They are $\mathbf{A}$ with spectral radius $\rho$, $\mathbf{W}_{\text{in}}^{\text{s}}$ with its elements drawn from uniformly distributed random numbers in interval $[-\beta, \beta]$, and $\mathbf{W}_{\text{in}}^{\text{t}}$ with those in interval $[-\gamma, \gamma]$. The value of $\gamma$ is set to $\gamma = \beta \sqrt{\langle \mathbf{u}^2 \rangle}$ with + +$$\langle \mathbf{u}^2 \rangle = \frac{1}{N_{\mathrm{T}}} \sum_{i=1}^{N_{\mathrm{T}}} \| \mathbf{u}(\hat{t}_i) \|^2. \tag{20}$$ + +The reason for this setting lies in the fact that it is a plausible choice to make the terms of state variable $\mathbf{W}_{\text{in}}^{\text{s}} \mathbf{u}(\hat{t}_n)$ and time variable $\mathbf{W}_{\text{in}}^{\text{t}} \Delta \hat{t}_n$ have approximately the same contribution for the reservoir neural network. We have empirically found that this setting of $\gamma$ works well for our $(D+1)$-dimension scheme, and thus, further optimizing of $\gamma$ is not required. + +As is well known, $\rho$, $\beta$, and $\alpha$ are the hyperparameters which show serious influence on the performance of the RC and should be chosen very carefully. Furthermore, different choices of $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{W}_{\text{in}}^{\text{s}}$ may also affect the result of prediction [5]. Therefore, coarse grid sweeps are carried out in the parameter regimes of $\rho$, $\beta$, and $\alpha$, respectively. One hundred distinct random network realizations are generated for each set of the hyperparameters. Then the average of the VPT $T_{\lambda}$ and the RMSEs $\sigma$ over all the network realizations are carried out. Finally, one may find a set of optimum values of them, by which $T_{\lambda}$ reaches its maximum or $\sigma$ gets its minimum. + +## D. Preparing an incomplete input time series by randomly removing data + +For the dynamical systems involved in this paper, we can formally express their evolution by the following iteration: + +$$\bar{\mathbf{u}}_{i+1}=\mathbf{F}(\bar{\mathbf{u}}_{i}),\tag{21}$$ + +by which we produce a time series $\{\bar{\mathbf{u}}_{i},\ i=0,N_{0}\}$ with uniform time interval $\tau_{i}\equiv1$. An incomplete time series can be coined by simply removing data with a uniform probability diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00027.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00027.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ea742c0990a1b71cbfc6baa99396172c868f8929 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00027.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +Denote $ g(i,j,p) = \partial l / \partial x_{i,j}^{p} $ as the gradient on the pth layer, and let $ g(i,j,n) = \partial l / \partial y_{i,j} $. Then $ g(,,0) $ is the desired gradient image of the input. The back-propagation process effectively convolves $ g(,,p) $ with the $k \times k$ kernel to get $ g(,,p-1) $ for each p. + +In this special case, the kernel is a $k \times k$ matrix of 1's, so the 2D convolution can be decomposed into the product of two 1D convolutions. We therefore focus exclusively on the 1D case. We have the initial gradient signal $ u(t) $ and kernel $ v(t) $ formally defined as + +$$u(t) = \delta(t), \quad v(t) = \sum_{m=0}^{k-1} \delta(t - m), \quad \text{where } \delta(t) = \begin{cases} 1, & t = 0 \\ 0, & t \neq 0 \end{cases} \tag{1}$$ + +and $t = 0, 1, -1, 2, -2, \ldots$ indexes the pixels. + +The gradient signal on the input pixels is simply $o = u * v * \cdots * v$, convolving $u$ with $n$ such $v$'s. To compute this convolution, we can use the Discrete Time Fourier Transform to convert the signals into the Fourier domain, and obtain + +$U(\omega)=\sum_{t=-\infty}^{\infty}u(t)e^{-j\omega t}=1,\quad V(\omega)=\sum_{t=-\infty}^{\infty}v(t)e^{-j\omega t}=\sum_{m=0}^{k-1}e^{-j\omega m}\quad(2)$ + +Applying the convolution theorem, we have the Fourier transform of $o$ is + +$$\mathcal{F}(o)=\mathcal{F}(u*v*\cdots*v)(\omega)=U(\omega)\cdot V(\omega)^{n}=\left(\sum_{m=0}^{k-1}e^{-j\omega m}\right)^{n} \tag{3}$$ + +Next, we need to apply the inverse Fourier transform to get back $o(t)$: + +$$o(t) = \frac{1}{2\pi} \int_{-\pi}^{\pi} \left( \sum_{m=0}^{k-1} e^{-j\omega m} \right)^n e^{j\omega t} d\omega \tag{4}$$ + +$$\frac{1}{2\pi}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}e^{-j\omega s}e^{j\omega t}\,\mathrm{d}\omega = \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} 1, & s = t \\ 0, & s \neq t \end{array} \right. \tag{5}$$ + +We can see that $o(t)$ is simply the coefficient of $e^{-j\omega t}$ in the expansion of $\left(\sum_{m=0}^{k-1}e^{-j\omega m}\right)^{n}$. +Case k=2: Now let's consider the simplest nontrivial case of k=2, where $\left(\sum_{m=0}^{k-1}e^{-j\omega m}\right)^{n} = (1 + e^{-j\omega})^{n}$. The coefficient for $e^{-j\omega t}$ is then the standard binomial coefficient $\binom{n}{t}$, so $o(t) = \binom{n}{t}$. It is quite well known that binomial coefficients distribute with respect to t like a Gaussian as n becomes large (see for example [13]), which means the scale of the coefficients decays as a squared exponential as t deviates from the center. When multiplying two 1D Gaussian together, we get a 2D Gaussian, therefore in this case, the gradient on the input plane is distributed like a 2D Gaussian. + +Case $k > 2$: In this case the coefficients are known as “extended binomial coefficients” or “polynomial coefficients”, and they too distribute like Gaussian, see for example [3, 16]. This is included as a special case for the more general case presented later in Section 2.3. + +## 2.2 Random weights + +Now let’s consider the case of random weights. In general, we have + +$$g(i,j,p-1)=\sum_{a=0}^{k-1}\sum_{b=0}^{k-1}w_{a,b}^{p}g(i+a,i+b,p) \tag{6}$$ + +with pixel indices properly shifted for clarity, and $w_{a,b}^p$ is the convolution weight at $(a,b)$ in the convolution kernel on layer $p$. At each layer, the initial weights are independently drawn from a fixed distribution with zero mean and variance $C$. We assume that the gradients $g$ are independent from the weights. This assumption is in general not true if the network contains nonlinearities, but for linear networks these assumptions hold. As $\mathbb{E}_w[w_{a,b}^p] = 0$, we can then compute the expectation + +$$\mathbb{E}_{w,input}[g(i,j,p-1)] = \sum_{a=0}^{k-1}\sum_{b=0}^{k-1}\mathbb{E}_w[w^p_{a,b}]\mathbb{E}_{input}[g(i+a,i+b,p)] = 0, \quad \forall p \tag{7}$$ diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00028.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00028.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..be77315adc44e0fa2ca4c26c94e457f55e443f3c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00028.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +[2] SUPER-KAMIOKANDE COLLABORATION collaboration, Solar neutrino results in Super-Kamiokande-III, Phys. Rev. D __83__ (2011) 052010. + +[3] KAMLAND COLLABORATION collaboration, +First Results from KamLAND: Evidence for Reactor Antineutrino Disappearance, Phys. Rev. Lett. __90__ (2003) 021802. + +[4] SNO COLLABORATION collaboration, +Measurement of day and night neutrino energy spectra at SNO and constraints on neutrino mixing parameters, Phys Rev Lett. 89 (2002) 011302. + +[5] ICECUBE COLLABORATION collaboration, +Search for Dark Matter Annihilations in the Sun with the 79-String IceCube Detector, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 (2013) 131302. + +[6] "CHOOZ COLLABORATION" collaboration, +Indication of reactor new(e) disappearance in the Double Chooz experiment, "Phys Rev Lett." __"108"__ ("2012") "131801". + +[7] DAYA BAY COLLABORATION collaboration, +Observation of electron-antineutrino disappearance at Daya Bay, Phys Rev Lett. 108 (2012) 171803. + +[8] S.-B. Kim, Observation of Reactor Electron Antineutrino Disappearance at RENO, Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 235-236 (2013) 24. + +[9] D. Barnhill et al., +Testing of photomultiplier tubes for use in the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 591 (2008) 453. + +[10] M. Ge, L. Zhang, Y. Chen, Z. Cao, S. Zhang, C. Wang et al., Photomultiplier tube selection for the wide field of view cherenkov/fluorescence telescope array of the large high altitude air shower observatory, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A 819 (2016) 175. + +[11] G. Ranucci et al., +Characterization and magnetic shielding of the large cathode area PMTs used for the light detection system of the prototype Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 337 (1993) 211. + +[12] D. Liu, PMT evaluation for the Daya Bay neutrino experiment, in 2008 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference and 16th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detectors, pp. 3133–3139, 2008, DOI. + +[13] A. Baldini et al., +The photomultiplier test facility for the reactor neutrino oscillation experiment CHOOZ and the measurements of 250 8-in. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 372 (1996) 207. + +[14] C. Bronner et al., Development and performance of the 20" PMT for Hyper-Kamiokande, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1468 (2020) 012237. + +[15] C. Cao et al., Mass production and characterization of 3-inch PMTs for the JUNO experiment, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 1005 (2021) 165347 [2102.11538]. + +[16] Z. Qin, Status of the 20-in. PMT Instrumentation for the JUNO Experiment, in Proceedings of International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics 2017, pp. 285–293, Springer Singapore, 2018. + +[17] KM3NET collaboration, Development and performances of a high statistics PMT test facility, EPJ Web Conf. 116 (2016) 06010. diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00029.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00029.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c0e5923ad0b13534c5d0f0a9c0f2c6849a999c6b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00029.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ + + +(a) + + + +(b) + + + +(c) + +Figure 2. A result of lung segmentation. (a) Left and right lung including the trachea are extracted by thresholding and 3D labeling. (b) Trachea segmentation is terminated when the number of connected components in a single plane exceeds four. (c) Segmented trachea — shown in a frontal slice. + + + +(a) + + + +(b) + +Figure 3. Comparison between 2D opening and 3D opening. The kernel shape was a circle in 2D and a sphere in 3D. Their radii were 64 voxels. (a) 2D opening. (b) 3D opening. + +in the subsequent line-filtering step. A 2D morphological opening is applied to the mask to include all vessels in the mask. Figure 3 shows the comparison between the result of the 2D opening and the 3D opening operations. Due to the motion artifacts of the heart, it is observed that the result of the 3D opening often includes artifactual edges of the heart or the lung (Figure 3 (b)) as compared to Figure 3 (a). Therefore, the 2D opening operation is preferred to the 3D one. Circular kernel was used for the 2D opening operation and its radius was experimentally set to 64 pixels. Figure 3 (a) shows the resulting lung mask. + +## 2.2. Vessel Enhancement & Extraction + +Vessels can be modeled as having a cylindrical shape with 2D Gaussian intensity distribution in its cross section. A line-filter$^{2}$ enhances cylindrical structures in a 3D image by using a combination of eigen values of Hessian matrix. Let $I(\mathbf{x})$ be a intensity function at position $\mathbf{x} = (x, y, z)$, then second-order approximation of $I(\mathbf{x})$ around $x_{0}$ can be written as follows: + +$$I(x)=I(x_{0})+(x-x_{0},\bigtriangledown I(x_{0}))+\frac{1}{2}(x-x_{0},\bigtriangledown^{2}I(x_{0})(x-x_{0})),\tag{1}$$ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00030.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00030.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cc774c5ccbc328cfd6b88f1ece4d2c7aac19a07c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00030.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +concatenate the generated and reused features to form the output of the lower stage $Y_2$ as follows: + +$$Y_{2}=M^{P_{2}}\;X_{l o w}\cup X_{l o w}\tag{6}$$ + +where $M^{P2} \in \mathbb{R}^{\frac{(1-\alpha)c}{r} \times 1 \times 1 \times (1-\frac{1-\alpha}{r})c}$ is a learnable weight matrix of PWC, $\cup$ is concatenation operation, $X_{low} \in \mathbb{R}^{\frac{(1-\alpha)c}{r} \times h \times w}$ and $Y_2 \in \mathbb{R}^{c \times h \times w}$ are the lower input and output feature maps respectively. In a word, the lower transformation stage reuses preceding features $X_{low}$ and utilizes cheap $1 \times 1$ PWC to obtain features $Y_2$ with supplementary detailed information. + +**Fuse :** After the transformation is performed, instead of direct concatenating or adding two types of features, we utilize the simplified SKNet method [18] to adaptively merge the output features $Y_1$ and $Y_2$ from upper and lower transformation stage as shown in the Fuse part of Figure 3. We first apply a global average pooling (Pooling) to collect global spatial information with channel-wise statistics $S_m \in \mathbb{R}^{c \times 1 \times 1}$, which is calculated as: + +$$S_{m}=Pooling(Y_{m})=\frac{1}{H\times W}\sum_{i=1}^{H}\sum_{j=1}^{W}Y_{c}(i,j),\;m=1,2 \tag{7}$$ + +Next, we stack the upper and lower global channel-wise descriptor $S_1$, $S_2$ together and use channel-wise soft attention operation to generate feature importance vector $\beta_1, \beta_2 \in \mathbb{R}^c$ as follows: + +$$\beta_1 = \frac{e^{s_1}}{e^{s_1} + e^{s_2}}, \beta_2 = \frac{e^{s_2}}{e^{s_1} + e^{s_2}}, \beta_1 + \beta_2 = 1 \tag{8}$$ + +Finally, under the guidance of feature importance vector $\beta_1, \beta_2$, the channel-refined features $Y$ can be obtained by merging the upper features $Y_1$ and the lower features $Y_2$ in a channel-wise manner as follows: + +$$Y = \beta_1 Y_1 + \beta_2 Y_2 \tag{9}$$ + +In brief, we adopt CRU, using Split-Transform-and-Fuse strategy, to further diminish the redundancy of spatial-refined feature maps $X^w$ along the channel dimension. Furthermore, CRU extracts rich representative features through lightweight convolutional operations while proceeds redundant features with cheap operation and feature reuse schemes. Overall, CRU can be used individually or in conjunction with SRU operation. By arranging the SRU and CRU in a sequential manner, the proposed SCConv is established, which is highly efficient and capable of replacing standard convolution operations. + +## 2.3. Analysis on Complexities + +Our SCConv is designed as a plug-and-play module that can be easily embedded into various existing well-designed neural architectures to reduce computation and + +storage costs. In the SCConv module, all of the parameters are concentrated on the transformation stage. Hence we analyze the reduction of theoretical memory usage. The parameters of standard convolution $Y = M^kX$ can be calculated as: + +$$P_s = k \times k \times C_1 \times C_2 = k^2C_1C_2 \tag{10}$$ + +where $k$ is kernel size of the convolution, $C_1$ and $C_2$ are the number of input and output feature channels. +The parameters of the proposed SCConv module consist of : + +$$\begin{aligned} P_{s c} = & 1 \times 1 \times \alpha C_{1} \times \frac{\alpha C_{1}}{r} + k \times k \times \frac{\alpha C_{1}}{g r} \times \frac{C_{2}}{g} \times g \\ & + 1 \times 1 \times \frac{\alpha C_{1}}{r} \times C_{2} + (1 - \alpha) C_{1} \times \frac{(1 - \alpha) C_{1}}{r} \\ & + 1 \times 1 \times \frac{(1 - \alpha) C_{1}}{r} \times \left( C_{2} - \frac{1 - \alpha}{r} C_{1} \right) \end{aligned} \tag{11}$$ + +where $\alpha$ denotes the split ratio, $r$ refers to the squeeze ratio, $g$ is the group size of GWC operation, $C_1$ and $C_2$ are input and output feature channels respectively. Here, we give a comparison to show the performance of the proposed SCConv. In the experiment, the general parameter set is $\alpha = \frac{1}{2}$, $r = 2$, $g = 2$, $k = 3$, $C_1 = C_2 = C$, the amount of parameters can be reduced by 5 times where $P_s / P_{sc} \approx 5$ while the model achieves better performance than standard convolution. + +## 3. Experiments + +To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed SCConv, in this section, we perform a series of experiments on image classification and object detection with only the widely used $3 \times 3$ kernels being replaced by SCConv module. Image classification benchmarks includes CIFAR-10 [15], CIFAR-100 [15] and ImageNet-1K [16]. Object detection benchmarks include PASCAL VOC [6] and MS COCO [21]. Top-1 accuracy is reported as the evaluation metric for image classification and the mean average precision (mAP) is used to measure accuracy of object detection. For fair comparisons, all models in each experiment, including re-implemented baselines and SCConv-equipped models, are trained from scratch on 2 NVIDIA Tesla V100 GPUs with the default data augmentation and training strategy and no other tricks are used. In each experiment, we train several times with the same configuration to prevent the impact of fluctuations and report the median of results. + +## 3.1. Experimental Settings + +Dataset. CIFAR dataset, including CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100, consists of 50k training images and 10k validation images, which are divided into 10 and 100 classes. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00031.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00031.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ba4c477287c6b173bafc17b4c5f6dc7e7b053ad6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00031.md @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +## 2. Nonlinear Modeling + +It is assumed that the fin stabilizer is approximately located in amidships close to the center of gravity and there is a minimum coupling with the other motions. Consequently, the coupling with other motions can be regarded and just one degree of freedom can be considered. The model of roll motion can be represented as + +$$I_{xx}\ddot{\phi} = \tau_d - \tau_f - \tau_h \tag{1}$$ + +$p=\phi$ + +where $\phi$, $p$, $I_{xx}$, $\tau_f$, $\tau_h$ and $\tau_d$ are roll angle, roll rate, roll moment of inertia, moment created by fins, hydrodynamic moment and wave excitation moment, respectively. The moment due to the fins and the hydrodynamic moment are calculated for a fishing vessel with characteristics which presented in the Table 1 and the body plane illustrated in the Figure 1. + +Table 1. The specifications of the fishing vessel + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
ItemValue
Length(m)20
Breadth(m)5.714
Draft(m)2.854
Vertical center of gravity (m)2.4
Metacentric height(m)0.57
Service speed(m/s)12.5
Block coefficient0.457
+ + + +Figure 1. Fishing vessel at roll angle + +## 2.1. Fin Data + +The coefficients of fin stabilizer which conisdered in this study are presented in Table 2. + +Table 2. Characteristics of the fin + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
ItemValue
Fin area(㎡)3.7
Fin span(m)1.4
Mean chord(m)2.2
Fin lever (m)5.8
Aspect ratio0.72
Fin sectionNACA0015
+ + + +Figure 2. Lift coefficient of the fin + +The fins moment can be determined by the Eq. (2). + +$$\tau_{f}=\rho V^{2}A_{f}R_{f}C_{L}(\alpha_{e})\tag{2}$$ + +where $\rho$, $V$, $A_f$, $R_f$ and $C_L(\alpha_e)$ are the density of the flow, ship speed, fin area, fin lever, and lift coefficient respectively. It should be noted that lift coefficient is a function of the effective angle of attack between the flow and the fin (Figure 2). + +## 2.2. The Hydrodynamic Moment + +The hydrodynamic moment due to the interaction between fluid and ship is defined by Eq. (3). + +$$\tau_{h}=K_{\dot{p}}\dot{p}+f_{1}(\phi,\dot{\phi})+f_{2}(\phi)\tag{3}$$ + +where $K_p \ddot{p}$ regards a hydrodynamic moment in roll due to pressure variation that is proportional to the roll accelerations and the coefficient $K_p$, called roll added mass. The $f_1(\phi, \dot{\phi})$ is damping term and it can be represented as Eq. (4). + +$$f_{1}(\phi,\dot{\phi})=k_{p}\phi+k_{p|p|}\dot{\phi}\big|\dot{\phi}\big|\tag{4}$$ + +where $k_p \phi$ is a linear damping term which includes forces due to wave-making and linear skin-friction. Besides, the coefficient $k_p$ is denoted a linear damping coefficient. The $k_{p|p|} \dot{\phi} |\dot{\phi}|$ is a nonlinear damping term, which contains moments due to viscous effects, alike nonlinear skin friction and eddy making due to flow separation. Also, the coefficient $k_{p|p|}$ is denoted a nonlinear damping coefficient. the $k_{p|p|}$ is about 60% of $k_p$ at an advance speed of zero knots, $k_{p|p|}$ is reduced to 5% of $k_p$ at an advance speed of 15 knots, and $k_{p|p|}$ is practically zero at an advance speed of 30 knots. The $f_2(\phi)$ is the restoring moment term due to gravity and buoyancy and it can be specified as Eq. (5). + +$$f_{2}(\phi)=\Delta G Z(\phi)\tag{5}$$ + +where $\Delta$ is the ship's displacement and $GZ(\phi)$ is the restoring moment arm that it is function of the roll angle. + diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00032.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00032.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..30ab5d480901586d8e97aea412c699abf550c015 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00032.md @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +## 2.5. State Space Model + +According to Eqs. (1) and (15), the nonlinear model of roll motion can be summarized as following equation: + +$$\left(I_{xx}+K_{p}\right)\ddot{\phi}+k_{p}\dot{\phi}+K_{p|p|}\dot{\phi}\left|\dot{\phi}\right|$$ + +$$+\Delta\left(c_{1}\phi+c_{3}\phi^{3}+c_{5}\phi^{5}\right)=\tau_{d}-K_{\alpha}\alpha_{e}$$ + +$$\alpha_{e}=-\frac{R_{f}p}{V}-\alpha_{m}\tag{16}$$ + +$$T_{e}\alpha_{m}+\alpha_{m}=K_{d c}\alpha_{c}.$$ + +Also, based on the assumptions listed in section 2.3, it is considered linear model roll motion. A linear state space model to describe the dynamic of the roll motion can be presented by + +$$\dot{\text{x}}_1(\text{t}) = \text{x}_2(\text{t})$$ + +$$\dot{x}_2(t) = \frac{-\Delta GM}{I_{xx} + K_p} x_1(t) + \frac{(k_\alpha R_f / V) - k_p}{I_{xx} + K_p} x_2(t) \\+ \frac{k_\alpha}{I_{xx} + K_p} u(t) + \frac{1}{I_{xx} + K_p} \tau_d(t) \tag{17}$$ + +$$\dot{\text{x}}_3(t) = \text{k}_2\text{x}_3(t) + \text{k}_1\text{u}(t)$$ + +where $x(t) = [x_1(t), x_2(t), x_3(t)]^T$ is $[\phi(t), p(t), \alpha_m(t)]^T$ and $u(t)$ is $\alpha_c(t)$. As well as $k_1 = k_{dk}/T_e$ and $k_2 = 1/T_e$. Also, the operational constraints should be considered as: + +· Input constraints which reflect the saturation of the mechanical fin angle: + +$$\left| \alpha_{c} \right| \leq \alpha_{sat} \tag{18}$$ + +· State constraint that is used in order to preventing the dynamic stall: + +$$\left|\alpha_{e}\right|=\left|\frac{R_{f}}{V}P+\alpha_{m}\right|\leq\alpha_{stall}. \tag{19}$$ + +## 3. Controller Design + +In this section, a constrained LQR as an optimal controller for stabilizing the ship in roll motion was designed. The aim of controller is regulating the state variables with minimum control action. Therefore, it is considered the continuous-time linear time-invariant system as: + +$$\dot{x}(t) = A_c x(t) + B_c u(t). \tag{20}$$ + +And it is sampled discrete-time version as Eq. (21). + +$$x(t+1) = Ax(t) + Bu(t) \tag{21}$$ + +where $x \varepsilon R^{3}$ and $u \varepsilon R$. + +The optimal control input, u(t), should minimize the cost function, J. + +$$\begin{aligned}&J\big(u(t),u(t+1),\ldots,x(t)\big)\\ &=\sum_{\tau=t}^{\infty}x(\tau)^{\tau}Qx(\tau)+u(\tau)^{\tau}Ru(\tau)\\ \end{aligned}\tag{22}$$ + +Also, it is subjected to the linear constraints as Eq. (23). + +$$\begin{array}{l l}{{G x(\tau+1)\leq \text{g}}}&{{}}\\ {{H u(\tau)\leq h.}}&{{}}\end{array}\tag{23}$$ + +For all $\tau \geq t.$, where R>0, $Q\geq0$ and $G\varepsilon R^{l\times3}$ and $H\varepsilon R$. The pair (A, B) is controllable, and it is assumed that g, h>0 to ensure that the origin is an interior point in the acceptable region. The optimal cost function is defined as + +$$F(x(t)) = \min_{u(t),u(t+1),\ldots} J(u(t),u(t+1),\ldots,x(t)) \tag{24}$$ + +where the minimization is subject to the dynamics of the system (Eq. 21), and the constraints (Eq. 23) are imposed at every time $\tau \in \{t,\ t+1,\ t+2,...\}$ on the trajectory. There are different methods for solving these kinds of problems. It has been done the constrained LQR design using Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) methodology with quadratic objective functions that is an effective algorithm. + +## 4. Simulation Results and Discussion + +The sailing condition is assumed for a random sea and beam sea condition at the forward speed 20 knots. Such a profile corresponding to a regular wave with period of 10s with a steepness of 1/60 is assumed for the calculation of exciting moment. The exciting moment was derived from a MATLAB code, and is depicted in Figure 5. + + + +Figure 5. Plot of exciting moment + +Table 3. The calculated coefficients of the vessel + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
ItemValue
$c_{1}(kgm^{2}s^{-2})$0.73
$c_{3}(kgm^{2}s^{-2})$-0.0504
$c_{5}(kgm^{2}s^{-2})$0.1912
$k_{p}(kgm^{2}s^{-1})$8.75
$I_{xx}+k_{p}(kgm^{2})$53.65
$k_{p|p|}\left(kgm^{2}\right)$0.4375
+ diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00033.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00033.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..94a66b989c091ccfe66e2de8a782b55d12188cff --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00033.md @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +where the Fourier coefficients $A_{\omega}^{(j)} (j = 1,2)$ are given by + +$$A_{\omega}^{(j)} = \frac{1}{2\pi} \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} \frac{\psi^{(j)}}{\psi_0^{(j)}} e^{-i\omega x} \, dx. \tag{55}$$ + +In order to calculate the spectra, we rewrite the KMS solution in the form + +$$\psi^{(j)} = \psi_0^{(j)} \left[ 1 + 6 \frac{(\lambda^{*2} - \lambda^2)}{\lambda^2} \psi_K^{(j)} \right], \tag{56}$$ + +where $\lambda$ is the spectral parameter, and the function $\psi_K^{(j)}$ is given by + +$$\psi_{K}^{(j)}=\frac{B_{j1}^{\prime}e^{-2\beta x}+B_{j2}^{\prime}e^{-\beta x}+B_{j3}^{\prime}+B_{j4}^{\prime}e^{\beta x}+B_{j5}^{\prime}e^{2\beta x}}{(C_{1}^{\prime}+C_{2}^{\prime}e^{-\beta x}+C_{3}^{\prime}e^{\beta x})^{2}}.\tag{57}$$ + +Here, $\{B_{j1}', B_{j2}', B_{j3}', B_{j4}', B_{j5}'\}$, $\{C_1', C_2', C_3'\}$ are all $t$-dependent functions. Their explicit forms are given in Appendix C. + +The essential part of the integral (55) is the Dirac delta function $\delta(\omega-k_{j})$ caused by the presence of the plane wave background. We will omit it in further calculations. The effective integral of the Eq. (55) is written as + +$$I^{(j)} = \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} \psi_K^{(j)} e^{-i\omega x} dx. \tag{58}$$ + +From Eq. (57), we have two singularities which are given by + +$$\begin{aligned}x_{1}&=\frac{1}{\beta}\ln\frac{-C_{1}^{\prime}-\sqrt{C_{1}^{2\prime}-4C_{2}^{\prime}C_{3}^{\prime}}}{2C_{3}^{\prime}},\\x_{2}&=\frac{1}{\beta}\ln\frac{-C_{1}^{\prime}+\sqrt{C_{1}^{2\prime}-4C_{2}^{\prime}C_{3}^{\prime}}}{2C_{3}^{\prime}}.\end{aligned}\tag{59}$$ + +Note that, $x_1$ and $x_2$ are the second-order singularities of the equation. This is different from the Manakov equations without the self-steepening, where the corresponding spectra admit first-order singularities [58]. The higher-order residues of $x_1$ and $x_2$ are given by + +$$\begin{array}{r l r}&{}&{R_{1}^{(j)}=[\frac{d}{d x}(x-x_{1})^{2}\psi_{K}^{(j)}]|_{x=x_{1}},}\\ &{}&{R_{2}^{(j)}=[\frac{d}{d x}(x-x_{2})^{2}\psi_{K}^{(j)}]|_{x=x_{2}}.}\end{array}\tag{60}$$ + +Thus, we have + +$$I_1^{(j)} = 2\pi i R_1^{(j)} e^{-i\omega x_1}, \, \omega > 0,\\ +I_2^{(j)} = 2\pi i R_2^{(j)} e^{-i\omega x_2}, \, \omega < 0. \tag{61}$$ + +Finally, exact explicit solutions of spectra of vector KMSs are given by + +$$A _ { \omega } ^ { ( j ) } = \left\{ \begin{array} { l } { { 6 i \frac { \lambda ^ { * 2 } - \lambda ^ { 2 } } { \lambda ^ { 2 } } R _ { 1 } ^ { ( j ) } e ^ { - i \omega x _ { 1 } } , \; \omega > 0 , } } \\ { { 6 i \frac { \lambda ^ { * 2 } - \lambda ^ { 2 } } { \lambda ^ { 2 } } R _ { 2 } ^ { ( j ) } e ^ { - i \omega x _ { 2 } } , \; \omega < 0 . } } \end{array} \right. \tag{62}$$ + +The total spectrum is defined by + +$$A_{\omega} = \sqrt{\left|A_{\omega}^{(1)}\right|^2 + \left|A_{\omega}^{(2)}\right|^2}. \tag{63}$$ + +Fig. 7 shows the spectral evolution of the KMs shown in Fig. 6. The spectral structures are periodic in $t$ just as the KMS itself. The spectra are widest at the points of the maximal self-compression of the KMS. Each unit of the spectra is similar with the spectrum of vector rogue waves [55]. As can be seen, the spectra of all KMSs shown in Fig. 7 are asymmetric at negative and positive frequencies in each wave component. However, when $\gamma \to 0$, the total spectra shown in Fig. 7(a) are symmetric. With $\gamma$ increasing, the total spectra become asymmetric due to the self-steepening. + +To better understand the asymmetry of the total spectral of vector KMSs with self-steepening, we define the asymmetry degree of the spectra which is given by + +$$\Delta A(\omega,t)=|A_{+\omega}-A_{-\omega}|. \tag{64}$$ + + + +Fig. 8. (a) Distribution of $\Delta A(\omega,t)$ of KMSs given by (64) in the $(\omega,t)$ plane with $\gamma=1.2$. (b) Profile of $\Delta A(\omega,t)$ in t as $\omega=0.45$. (c) Profiles of $\Delta A(\omega,t)$ versus $\omega$ at the time of maximum expansion with different values of $\gamma$. + +It describes the energy difference of total spectra at negative and positive frequencies. Clearly, for the Manakov equations without self-steepening ($\gamma = 0$), we have $\Delta A = 0$. This means that the total spectra with $\gamma = 0$ are symmetric at negative and positive frequencies. + +Fig. 8(a) illustrates the distribution of $\Delta A$ in the $(\omega, t)$ plane with $\gamma \neq 0$ (here, we use $\gamma = 1.2$). For the frequency regime where KMSs exist, $\Delta A$ exhibits periodic oscillation in $t$. The period is as the same as that of KMS itself. + +In Fig. 8(b), we show the profile of $\Delta A$ in $t$ as $\omega = 0.45$. As can be seen from the figure, main and secondary peaks correspond to the expansion and contraction of the KMS spectra, respectively. + +Fig. 8(c) shows the profiles of $\Delta A$ versus $\omega$ at the time of maximum expansion with different values of $\gamma$. Once $\gamma \neq 0$, all profiles decrease monotonously as $\omega$ increases. The larger $\gamma$, the larger attenuation rate of $\Delta A$ in $\omega$. + +## 5. Beating solitons and their exact spectra + +## 5.1. Existence condition of beating solitons + +As demonstrated in our previous work [58,59], vector beating solitons are a special case of vector KMSs when the vector plane wave has the equal wavenumber. Here, we consider the eigenvalues of KMSs given by Eq. (48) under the condition $k_1 = -k_2 = k = 0$. Consequently, exact solutions of beating solitons can be written as + +$\psi^{(j)} = \phi_D \pm \phi_B,$ + +$$\phi_{D}=\frac{\epsilon_{1}e^{4x\beta}+\epsilon_{3}e^{2x\beta+2\rho_{K}t}+\epsilon_{5}e^{4\rho_{K}t}}{\gamma(\eta_{1}^{\prime}e^{2x\beta}+\eta_{2}^{\prime}e^{2\rho_{K}})^{\textstyle2}}e^{i\mu(a_{1}^{2}+a_{2}^{2})t},\tag{65}$$ + +$\phi_{B}=\frac{\epsilon_{2}e^{3x\beta+\rho_{K}t+i\sigma_{K}t}+\epsilon_{4}e^{x\beta+3\rho_{K}t+i\sigma_{K}t}}{\gamma(\eta_{1}^{\prime}e^{2x\beta}+\eta_{2}^{\prime}e^{2\rho_{K}})^{2}}e^{i\mu(a_{1}^{2}+a_{2}^{2})t},$ + +where $\phi_D$ denotes the dark soliton component and $\phi_B$ denotes the bright soliton component. It is evident to see from the solution (65) that the beating solitons consist of a linear superposition between a dark and a bright solitons. Parameters $\rho_K$ and $\sigma_K$ are given by Eqs. (51) and (53), respectively. Other parameters are given in Appendix D. The group velocity and the oscillating period of the beating solitons are given by Eqs. (50) and (52), respectively. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00034.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00034.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1fd46913700bdae74131218684e75d8e8155c2bc --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00034.md @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +positive sample of class $c$ is the mean vector (Eq.16) of strong high-confidence representations: + +$$\mathcal{S}^{c}=\left\{\mathbb{R}_{p_{x},p_{y}}|(p_{x},p_{y})\in\mathcal{R}^{s}(c)\right\}\tag{15}$$ + +$$\R^{c+}=\frac{\sum_{\R^{c}\in S^{c}}\R}{|S^{c}|}\tag{16}$$ + +Negative samples of each class form a set (Eq.17) containing strong high-confidence representations of other classes: + +$$\mathcal{S}^{c-}=\{\mathbb{R}_{p_{x},p_{y}}|(p_{x},p_{y})\in\mathcal{R}^{s}(i)\land i\neq c\}\tag{17}$$ + +## E. Contrastive Loss + +We encourage weak high-confidence representations of class $c$ to be close to the class center (positive sample) and away from its negatives (Fig.3). We adopt cosine similarity (Eq.18) as a measure of the distance between two representation vectors: + +$$sim(\mathbb{R}_{1},\mathbb{R}_{2})=\frac{\mathbb{R}_{1}\cdot\mathbb{R}_{2}}{|\mathbb{R}_{1}||\mathbb{R}_{2}|}\tag{18}$$ + +The final contrast loss is the InfoNCE [14] loss: + +$$\mathcal{L}_{con}=-\frac{1}{classes\cdot Q}\sum_{c=1}^{classes}\sum_{i=1}^{Q} \tag{19}$$ + +$$log\frac{e^{sim(\mathbb{R}_i^c, \mathbb{R}^{c+})/\tau}}{e^{sim(\mathbb{R}_i^c, \mathbb{R}^{c+})/\tau} + \sum_{n=1}^{N} e^{sim(\mathbb{R}_i^c, \mathbb{R}_n^{c-})/\tau}}$$ + +where $\mathbb{R}^c_i$ is sampled from set $\mathcal{Q}^c$, Q is the sampling number. $\mathbb{R}^{c-}_n$ is sampled from negative sample set $\mathcal{S}^{c-}$ and $N$ is the number of negative samples. The $\tau$ is the temperature coefficient used to control the degree of discrimination against negative samples. + + + +Fig. 3. The representations of the seismic facies of each class are close to the center of the respective classes, and the representations of different classes are far away from each other. + +## F. Strong Data Augmentation (SDA) + +We find that strong data augmentation (SDA) [32][21] is crucial for contrastive learning of unlabeled seismic data. Specifically, unlabeled seismic data are forward propagated twice. The model outputs pseudo labels and high-confidence regions through first forward propagation, SDA is then applied simultaneously to unlabeled data, pseudo labels, and confidence regions, and then feeding the augmented seismic data to the network. For two slices $X_A$ and $X_B$ (Fig.4), the corresponding augmented slice can be expressed as: + +$$S D A(X_{A})=M_{A}\odot X_{A}+(1-M_{A})\odot X_{B}\tag{20}$$ + +where $X_A$ and $X_B$ represent slices, which can be either data slices or pseudo labels and confidence regions slices. The $M_A$ represent mask, and different data augmentation strategies generate masks in different ways. + +Interestingly, the exact opposite effect is obtained on the labeled data, where the strong data augmentation causes performance degradation on the labeled seismic data. We will discuss more specifically about SDA in the experimental session. + +The complete calculation procedure of the contrastive loss is shown in algorithm (Alg.1). + +## Algorithm 1 Contrastive Loss + +```python +Input: labeled seismic data $\mathcal{D}_{l}$ and unlabeled seismic data $\mathcal{D}_{u}$ +Output: +$\mathcal{L}_{con} \leftarrow 0$ +$\mathcal{L}_{con} \leftarrow Model(\mathcal{D}_{u})$ +$M_{seg}^{u}, \leftarrow Model(\mathcal{D}_{u})$ +$M_{seg}^{u}, \mathcal{D}_{u} \leftarrow SDA(M_{seg}^{u}, \mathcal{D}_{u})$ +$\mathcal{M}_{rep} \leftarrow Model(\mathcal{D}_{u})$ +$M_{seg}^{l}, \mathcal{M}_{rep} \leftarrow Model(\mathcal{D}_{l})$ +$M_{seg}^{l}, \mathcal{M}_{rep} \leftarrow Model(\mathcal{D}_{l})$ +for $c$ in classes do + Get weak high-confidence region $\mathcal{R}^{w}(c)$ from $M_{seg}^{u} \cup M_{seg}^{l}$ by (Eq.12) + Get strong high-confidence region $\mathcal{R}^{s}(c)$ from $M_{seg}^{u} \cup M_{seg}^{l}$ by (Eq.13) +end for +for $c$ in classes do + Get a positive sample $\mathbb{R}^{c+}$ by (Eq.16) + Sample negative samples $\{\mathbb{R}^{c}_{i}\}_{i=1}^N$ from $M_{rep}^{u} \cup M_{rep}^{l}$ by (Eq.17) + Sample query vectors $\{\mathbb{R}^{c}_{i}\}_{i=1}^Q$ from $M_{rep}^{u} \cup M_{rep}^{l}$ by (Eq.14) +for $\mathbf{r}_{i}$ in $\{\mathbb{R}^{c}_{i}\}_{i=1}^Q$ + Do $\mathbb{R}^{c}_{i}$ in $\{\mathbb{R}^{c}_{i}\}_{i=1}^Q$ + Get contrastive loss $\mathcal{L}_{con}$ by (Eq.19) +$\mathcal{L}_{con} \leftarrow \mathcal{L}_{con} + \mathcal{L}_{con}$ +end for +Return: $\mathcal{L}_{con}$ +``` + +## III. EXPERIMENT + +## A. Seismic Surveys Overview + +The SEAM AI survey is large 3D seismic data provided by the New Zealand government that has been manually interpreted by geologists. The survey region is in the Parihaka block of the Taranaka Basin off the northwest coast of New Zealand, and each pixel in the region is classified into one of the following six types of seismic facies: + diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00035.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00035.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..98e7f865dcc92565479517e026188d3d1a93b768 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00035.md @@ -0,0 +1,213 @@ +Table 4: Performance comparison of the different competitive baseline approaches for multimodal RE and NER. “(CRF)” represents CRF is only for MNER dataset Twitter-2017. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
ModalityMethodsMNRETwitter-2017
PrecisionRecallF1PrecisionRecallF1
TextCNN-BiLSTM-(CRF) [28]60.1846.3252.3580.0078.7679.37
HBiLSTM-(CRF)[19]60.2247.1352.8782.6978.1680.37
PCNN [54]62.8549.6955.4983.2878.3080.72
BERT-(CCRF)63.8555.7959.5583.3283.5783.44
MTB [35]64.4657.8160.8683.8883.2283.55
Text+ImageAdapCoAtt-BERT-(CRF) [58]64.6757.9861.1485.1383.2084.10
UMT [53]62.8361.3262.5685.2885.3485.31
BERT_base+SG [61]62.9562.6562.8084.1383.8884.00
VisualBERT_base [21]56.3458.2857.2984.0685.3984.72
ViLBERT_base [27]64.5061.8663.1684.6285.4785.04
UMGF [55]64.3866.2365.2986.5484.5085.51
MEGA[61]64.5168.4466.4184.0384.7584.39
MKGformer82.6781.2581.9586.9888.0187.49
+ +Table 5: Results of compared models for MRE in the low-resource setting. We report the results of F1 score and adopt $K = 1, 5, 10, 20$ (# examples per class). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
DatasetModel$K=1$$K=5$$K=10$$K=20$
MNREBERT [9]3.676.2712.6518.94
VisualBERT [21]2.934.916.1014.96
ViLBERT [27]3.897.7813.3818.45
MEGA [61]9.8411.7115.3920.26
MKGformer12.04(+2.2)18.54(+6.83)$21.09(+5.7)$$40.93(+20.67)$
+ +Table 6: Performance when the layer of M-Encoder varies, we take different levels of the activation states into computation, where 1 indicates the bottom layer and 12 indicates the top layer. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
MethodsFB15k-237-IMGMNRETwitter-2017
Hits@10F1F1
(layer 12)0.48580.2185.25
(layer 10-12)0.50481.9587.49
(layer 7-12)0.50382.2087.62
(All layers)0.50782.2587.60
+ +## 4.3 Low-Resource Evaluation + +Previous experiments illustrate that our methods achieve improvements in standard supervised settings. We further report the experimental results in low-resource scenarios compared with several baselines in Figure 3, Table 2 and Table 5. + +4.3.1 Q1: Does the pre-trained vision-language model successful in the low-resource multimodal KGC? . As shown in Figure 3, Table 2 and Table 5, VisualBERT and ViLBERT yield slightly improvements compared with typical unimodal baselines in low-resource settings while obtain worse results than previous multimodal SOTA methods. It reveals that applying these pre-trained multimodal methods to the multimodal KGC may not always achieve a good performance. This result may be attributed to the fact that the pre-training dataset and objects of the above visual-language models are less relevant to KGC tasks, which may bias the original language modeling capabilities and knowledge distribution of BERT. + +4.3.2 Q2: Whether hybrid transformer framework data-efficient? Since pre-trained multimodal models do not show promising advantages in low-resource settings, we further analyze whether the hybrid transformer framework is data-efficient. We hold that leveraging a hybrid transformer framework with similar arithmetic units to fuse entity description and images inside transformers intuitively reduces heterogeneity, playing a more critical role in low-resource settings. Thus, we compare with previous multimodal KGC SOTA models in low-resource settings. The experimental results in Figure 3, Table 2 and Table 5 indicate that the performance of MKGformer still outperforms the other baselines, which further proving that our proposed method can more efficiently leverage multimodal data. This success may be attributed to the prefix-guided fusion module in MKGformer leveraging a form similar to linear interpolation to fuse features in the attention layer, thus, effectively pre-reducing modal heterogeneity. + +## 4.4 Sensitivity Analysis of M-Encoder Layers + +We assign the M-Encoder with last three layers of ViT and BERT in the previous experiments. However, it is intuitive to investigate whether the performance of MKGformer is sensitive to the layers of the M-Encoder. Thus, we take the M-Encoder in different layers into computation for further analysis. As shown in Table 6, the performance of MKGformer on FB15k-237-IMG, MNRE and Twitter-2017 only achieve improvements of 0.3% Hits@10 scores, 0.3% F1 scores and 0.11% F1 scores by conducting M-Encoder with all 12 layers. Furthermore, the performance of assigning M-Encoder with only one layer also drops slightly compared with the original result (three layers M-Encoder), showing that M-Encoder applied to higher transformer layers can stimulate knowledge and perform modality fusion for downstream tasks more efficiently. It also reveals that our approach is not sensitive to the layers of the M-Encoder. + +## 4.5 Ablation Study + +4.5.1 Ablation Setting. The ablation study is further conducted to prove the effects of different modules in MKGformer: 1) (Independent) indicate that we add extra three layers M-Encoder based on ViT and BERT rather than conduct fusion inside them; 2) w/o PGI + diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00036.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00036.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ac3f8cd9e0ff5ed2de421eab9d90c91e5cac5680 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00036.md @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ + +The energy consumption of the far UE $m_i$ at the $n$th time slot for offloading the task is + +$$E_{m_{i}}^{\mathrm{l o}}[n]=\delta_{0}P_{m_{i}}^{\mathrm{l o}}[n]=\frac{\delta_{0}\sigma_{i}^{2}}{h_{m_{i}}}\left(2^{\frac{L_{m_{i}}^{\mathrm{l o}}[n]}{B\delta_{0}}}-1\right),\forall n\in\{1,2,\ldots,N-1\},i\in\mathcal{R}.\tag{6}$$ + +Let $P_i^{\text{off}}[n]$ and $P_i^{\text{lo}}[n]$ denote the transmit powers of the near UE $i$ for offloading the far UE $m_i$'s task and its own task at the $n$th time slot, respectively. Then the amount of task bits of the far UE $m_i$ offloaded to the UAV by the help of the near UE $i$ at the $n$th time slot, denoted by $L_i^{\text{off}}[n]$, is expressed as + +$$L_{i}^{\mathrm{o f f}}[n]=\delta_{0}B\log_{2}\left(1+\frac{P_{i}^{\mathrm{o f f}}[n]h_{i}[n]}{\sigma_{0}^{2}}\right),\forall n\in\{1,2,\ldots,N-1\},i\in\mathcal{R},\tag{7}$$ + +where $\sigma_0^2$ is the noise power at the UAV. To guarantee that the near UE $i$ can completely offload the task from the associated far UE $m_i$ to the UAV at each time slot, we have + +$$L_{m_i}^{\text{lo}}[n] \leq L_i^{\text{off}}[n], \forall n \in \{1,2,\dots,N-1\}, i \in \mathcal{R}. \tag{8}$$ + +From (7), the expression for $P_i^{\text{off}}[n]$ is obtained as + +$$P_{i}^{\text{off}}[n] = \frac{\sigma_{0}^{2}}{h_{i}[n]} \left( 2^{\frac{L_{i}^{\text{off}}[n]}{B\delta_{0}}} - 1 \right). \tag{9}$$ + +The energy consumption of the near UE $i$ at the $n$th time slot for offloading the task of the far UE $m_i$ is + +$$E_{i}^{\text{off}}[n] = \delta_{0} P_{i}^{\text{off}}[n] = \frac{\delta_{0} \sigma_{0}^{2}}{h_{i}[n]} \left( 2^{\frac{L_{i}^{\text{off}}[n]}{B\delta_{0}}} - 1 \right), \forall n \in \{1, 2, \dots, N-1\}, i \in \mathcal{R}. \tag{10}$$ + +Similarly, the amount of the task bits of the near UE $i$ offloaded to the UAV at the $n$th time slot, denoted by $L_i^{\text{lo}}[n]$, is expressed as + +$L_{i}^{\mathrm{l o}}[n]=\delta_{0}B\log_{2}\Bigg(1+\frac{P_{i}^{\mathrm{l o}}[n]h_{i}[n]}{\sigma_{0}^{2}}\Bigg),\forall n\in\{1,2,\ldots,N-1\},i\in\mathcal{R},\quad(11)$ + +from which, the expression for $P_i^{\text{lo}}[n]$ is obtained as + +$$P_{i}^{\mathrm{l o}}[n]=\frac{\sigma_{0}^{2}}{h_{i}[n]}\left(2^{\frac{L_{i}^{\mathrm{l o}}[n]}{B\delta_{0}}}-1\right). \tag{12}$$ + +The energy consumption of the near UE $i$ at the $n$th time slot for offloading its own task is + +$\begin{array}{r l r}&{}&{E_{i}^{\mathrm{l o}}[n]=\delta_{0}P_{i}^{\mathrm{l o}}[n]=\cfrac{\delta_{0}\sigma_{0}^{2}}{h_{i}[n]}\left(2^{\frac{L_{i}^{\mathrm{l o}}[n]}{B\delta_{0}}}-1\right),\forall n\in\{1,2,\ldots,N-1\},i\in\mathcal{R}.}\\ &{}&{\quad(13)}\end{array}$ + +## 2.2. Computing model + +The tasks for each near UE $i$ and far UE $m_i$ are represented as tuples $[I_i, C_i]$ and $[I_{m_i}, C_{m_i}]$, respectively, in which $I_i$ and $I_{m_i}$ represent the task data for the near UE $i$ and the far UE $m_i$, respectively, and $C_i$ and $C_{m_i}$ represent the computational resources (e.g., CPU cycles) required to compute one input bit of the near UE $i$ and the far UE $m_i$, respectively. It is assumed that the UEs as well as the UAV utilize the dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) technology that can adjust the CPU frequency during each time slot [30]. It is also assumed that the UEs can simultaneously perform local computation and task offloading [31]. + +## 2.2.1. Computing model of the far UEs + +The CPU frequency of the far UE $m_i$ at the $n$th time slot is denoted as $f_{m_i}[n]$, which is restricted as $f_{m_i}[n] \leq f_{\text{max}}$, where $f_{\text{max}}$ denotes the maximum CPU frequency for all UEs. The local computation bits $L_{m_i}[n]$ and the corresponding energy consumption $E_{m_i}[n]$ at the far UE $m_i$ at the $n$th time slot can be respectively expressed by [17,31] + +$$L_{m_{i}}[n]=\delta\frac{f_{m_{i}}[n]}{C_{m_{i}}},\forall n\in\{1,2,\ldots,N\},i\in\mathcal{R},\tag{14}$$ + +$$E_{m_i}[n] = \delta \kappa_{m_i} f_{m_i}^3[n], \forall n \in \{1, 2, \dots, N\}, i \in \mathcal{R}, \tag{15}$$ + +where $\kappa_{m_l}$ represents the effective capacitance coefficient affected by the chip architecture at the far UE $m_i$. + +## 2.2.2. Computing model of the near UEs + +The CPU frequency of the near UE $i$ at the $n$th time slot is denoted as $f_i[n]$, which is also restricted as $f_i[n] \leq f_{\max}$. The computation bits and energy consumption of the near UE $i$ for local computation at the $n$th time slot are respectively given by [17,31] + +$$L_i[n] = \delta \frac{f_i[n]}{C_i}, \forall n \in \{1, 2, \dots, N\}, i \in R, \tag{16}$$ + +$$E_i[n] = \delta \kappa_i f_i^3[n], \forall n \in \{1, 2, \dots, N\}, i \in \mathcal{R}, \tag{17}$$ + +where $\kappa_i$ represents the effective capacitance coefficient affected by the chip architecture at the near UE $i$. + +## 2.2.3. Computing model of the UAV + +It is assumed that the UAV can simultaneously compute the tasks from each pair of the near UE and the far UE. The CPU frequencies for computing the tasks from the near UE $i$ and the far UE $m_l$ at the $n$th time slot are denoted by $f_{i,u}[n]$ and $f_{m_l,u}[n]$, respectively. Let $f_{u,\max}$ denote the maximum CPU frequency for the UAV and we have $f_{i,u}[n] \leq f_{u,\max}$ and $f_{m_l,u}[n] \leq f_{u,\max}$, where $f_{u,\max} = \frac{f_{u,\max}}{2M}$ indicates that the total frequency of the UAV is equally divided into $2M$ parts that are allocated to each UE. At the $n$th time slot, the task bits from the near UE $i$ and the far UE $m_i$ that can be computed by the UAV are respectively written as + +$$L_{i,u}[n] = \delta \frac{f_{i,u}[n]}{C_i}, \forall n \in \{2,3,\dots,N\}, i \in R, \tag{18}$$ + +$$L_{m_i,u}[n] = \delta \frac{f_{m_i,u}[n]}{C_{m_i}}, \forall n \in \{2,3,\dots,N\}, i \in R. \tag{19}$$ + +Since the UAV at a given time slot can only compute the tasks received before that slot, we have the following constraints: + +$$\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}L_{i}^{\text{lo}}[k]\geq\sum_{k=2}^{n}L_{i,u}[k],\forall n\in\{2,3,\ldots,N\},i\in R,\tag{20}$$ + +$$\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}L_{i}^{off}[k]\geq\sum_{k=2}^{n}L_{m_{i},u}[k],\forall n\in\{2,3,\ldots,N\},i\in\mathcal{R}.\tag{21}$$ + +Since the task of each UE needs to be completed within the deadline $T$, the total number of bits computed locally and offloaded to the UAV shall be equal to the amount of task data for computing, i.e. + +$$\sum_{n=1}^{N}L_{m_{i}}[n]+\sum_{n=1}^{N-1}L_{m_{i}}^\text{lo}[n]=I_{m_{i}},\forall i\in\mathcal{R},\tag{22}$$ + +$$\sum_{n=1}^{N} L_{i}[n] + \sum_{n=1}^{N-1} L_{i}^\text{lo}[n] = I_{i}, \forall i \in \mathcal{R}. \tag{23}$$ + +Let $E_{i,u}[n]$ and $E_{m_i,u}[n]$ denote the energy consumptions of the UAV for computing the near UE $i$'s and the far UE $m_i$'s tasks at the $n$th time slot, respectively. Then $E_{i,u}[n]$ and $E_{m_i,u}[n]$ are respectively expressed as + +$$E_{i,u}[n]=\delta\kappa_{u}f_{i,u}^{3}[n],\forall n\in\{2,3,\ldots,N\},i\in\mathcal{R},\tag{24}$$ + +$$E_{m_{i},u}[n]=\delta\kappa_{u}f_{m_{i},u}^{3}[n],\forall n\in\{2,3,\ldots,N\},i\in\mathcal{R},\tag{25}$$ diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00037.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00037.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f3dcffd1c450291b03bfc59f5f2d248b07373307 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00037.md @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ + + +where $\kappa_u$ represents the effective capacitance coefficient affected by the chip architecture of the UAV. Meanwhile, the propulsion energy consumption of the fixed-wing UAV to maintain the flight at the $n$th time slot can be modeled as [32,33] + +$$E^{\mathrm{f l y}}[n]=\delta\left(c_{1}v^{3}[n]+{\frac{c_{2}}{v[n]}}\right),\forall n\in\{1,2,\ldots,N\},\tag{26}$$ + +where $c_1$ and $c_2$ are parameters related to the hardware configuration of the UAV, such as the weight, wing area, wing span efficiency and air density.$^4$ + +## 2.3. Problem formulation + +The total energy consumption of the UEs consists of the energy consumed by the local computing and the communication for task offloading, while the total energy consumption of the UAV is composed of the propulsion energy consumption and the computation energy consumption. The total energy consumption of the near UE $i$ and the far UE $m_i$ at the $n$th time slot, denoted by $E_i^{\text{total}}[n]$, and the computation energy consumption of the UAV for computing the tasks from the near UE $i$ and the far UE $m_i$ at the $n$th time slot, denoted by $E_u^{\text{total}}[n]$, are respectively written as + +$$E_{i}^{\text{total}}[n] = E_{i}[n] + E_{m_{i}}[n] + E_{m_{i}}^{\text{lo}}[n] + E_{i}^{\text{off}}[n] + E_{i}^{\text{lo}}[n], \forall n \in \{1,2,\ldots,N\}, \tag{27}$$ + +$$E_{u}^{\text{total}}[n] = E_{i,u}[n] + E_{m_{i},u}[n], \forall n \in \{1,2,\ldots,N\}. \tag{28}$$ + +We aim to minimize the weighted sum energy consumption of the UEs and the UAV, which is expressed as + +$$E = \sum_{n=1}^{N} \left( \theta_1 \sum_{i \in \mathcal{R}} E_i^{\text{total}}[n] + \theta_2 \left( \sum_{i \in \mathcal{R}} E_u^{\text{total}}[n] + E^{\text{fly}}[n] \right) \right), \tag{29}$$ + +where $\theta_1$ and $\theta_2$ are the weight factors of the energy consumptions of all the UEs and the UAV, respectively. The optimization problem of jointly optimizing the UAV's trajectory $\mathbf{U} = \{\mathbf{u}[n]\}$, the number of offloading task bits $\mathbf{L} = \left\{ L_m^{\text{lo}}[n], L_i^{\text{off}}[n], L_i^{\text{lo}}[n] \right\}$, the CPU frequency + +$\mathbf{F} = \left\{ f_{i}[n], f_{m_{i}}[n], f_{i,u}[n], f_{m_{i},u}[n] \right\}$, is formulated as + +$$\begin{array}{c c c}{{}}&{{}}&{{}}\\ {{{{\mathrm{m i n~}}E}}}&{{{}}}\\ {{{{\mathrm{U,L,F}}}}}&{{{}}}\end{array}\tag{30a}$$ + +s.t. (2), (8), (20), (21), (22), (23), + +$$\sum_{n=1}^{N-1} L_i^\text{lo}[n] = \sum_{n=2}^{N} L_{i,u}[n], \forall i \in \mathcal{R}, \tag{30b}$$ + +$$\sum_{n=1}^{N-1} L_i^{\text{off}}[n] = \sum_{n=2}^{N} L_{m_i,u}[n], \forall i \in \mathcal{R}, \tag{30c}$$ + +$$\mathbf{u}[0] = \mathbf{u}_{0}, \mathbf{u}[N] = \mathbf{u}_{N}, \tag{30d}$$ + +$$L_{m_i}^{\rm lo}[N] = 0, L_i^{\rm off}[N] = 0, L_i^{\rm lo}[N] = 0, \forall i \in \mathcal{R}, \tag{30e}$$ + +$$f_{i,u}[1]=0,f_{m_{i},u}[1]=0,\forall i\in\mathcal{R},\tag{30f}$$ + +$$L_{m_i}^{\text{lo}}[n] \geq 0, L_i^{\text{off}}[n] \geq 0, L_i^{\text{lo}}[n] \geq 0, \forall n \in \{1,2,\ldots,N-1\}, i \in \mathcal{R}, \tag{30g}$$ + +$$0 \leq f_i[n] \leq f_{\max}, \forall n \in \{1,2,\ldots,N\}, i \in R, \tag{30h}$$ + +$$0 \leq f_{m_i}[n] \leq f_{\max}, \forall n \in \{1,2,\ldots,N\}, i \in R, \tag{30i}$$ + +$$0 \leq f_{i,u}[n] \leq f_{u,\operatorname*{max}}, \forall n \in \{2, 3, \ldots, N\}, i \in \mathcal{R}, \tag{30j}$$ + +$$0\leq f_{m,u}[n]\leq f_{u,\max},\forall n\in\{2,3,\ldots,N\},i\in\mathcal{R}, \tag{30k}$$ + +$$0 \leq P_{m_i}^{\text{lo}}[n] \leq P_{\text{max}}, \forall n \in \{1,2,\ldots,N-1\}, i \in \mathcal{R}, \tag{301}$$ + +$$0 \leq P_{i}^{\text{off}}[n] \leq P_{\text{max}}, \forall n \in \{1, 2, \dots, N-1\}, i \in R, \tag{30m}$$ + +$$0 \leq P_{i}^{\mathrm{lo}}[n] \leq P_{\max}, \forall n \in\{1,2, \ldots, N-1\}, i \in \mathcal{R}. \tag{30n}$$ + +In the problem (30), the constraints (30b)–(30c) guarantee that all the tasks offloaded by the near UEs can be completely computed by the UAV with the time deadline $T$. The constraint (30d) indicates that the UAV flies from the initial point to the final point during the time $T$. The constraints (30e)–(30f) ensure that the UEs do not offload the tasks in the last time slot and the UAV does not compute the tasks in the first time slot. + +# 3. Proposed cooperative task offloading and resource allocation algorithm + +The problem (30) is nonconvex due to the nonconvexity of the objective function and is thus difficult to be solved. Considering the strong coupling between the UAV's trajectory U and the offloading task bits L, a two-step iterative algorithm based on the block coordinate descent method [34] is proposed to efficiently solve the problem, where two more manageable subproblems are solved in each iteration. Specifically, the number of offloading task bits L and the CPU frequency F are optimized for the given UAV's trajectory U, and then the UAV's trajectory U is optimized for the given number of offloading task bits L and the CPU frequency F, and the above two optimizations are iteratively executed until convergence. + +## 3.1. Communication and computation resource scheduling + +Firstly, given the UAV's trajectory U, the communication and computation resource scheduling subproblem to optimize the number of offloading bits L and the CPU frequency F is investigated. The subproblem is written as follows + +$$\min_{\mathbf{L}, \mathbf{F}} \sum_{n=1}^{N} \left( \theta_1 \sum_{i \in \mathcal{R}} E_i^{\text{total}}[n] + \theta_2 \sum_{i \in \mathcal{R}} E_u^{\text{total}}[n] \right)\tag{31a}$$ + +$$\text{s.t. (8), (20)-(23), (30b)-(30c), (30e)-(30n).} \tag{31b}$$ + +It can be shown that the problem (31) is a convex problem, and thus the Lagrangian dual method [35] can be adopted to optimally solve the problem. Define $\beta = \{\beta_{i,n}\}$, $\lambda = \{\lambda_{i,n}\}$, $\eta = \{\eta_{i,n}\}$, $\mu = \{\mu_i\}$, $\rho = \{\rho_i\}$, $\xi = \{\xi_i\}$, and $\omega = \{\omega_i\}$, where $\beta_{i,n}$, $\lambda_{i,n}$, $\eta_{i,n}$, $\mu_i$, $\rho_i$, $\xi_i$, and $\omega_i$, $\forall n \in \{1,2,\dots,N\}$, $i \in \mathcal{R}$ are the dual variables corresponding to the constraints (8), (20), (21), (22), (23), (30b) and (30c), respectively. The Lagrangian of the problem (31) can be expressed as + +$$\begin{aligned} & \Omega \left( \mathbf{L}, \mathbf{F}, \boldsymbol{\beta}, \lambda, \boldsymbol{\eta}, \boldsymbol{\xi}, \boldsymbol{\omega}, \boldsymbol{\rho} \right) \\ & = \sum_{i \in \mathcal{R}} \sum_{n=1}^{N} \theta_1 \left( \delta \kappa_i f_i^3[n] + \delta \kappa_{m_i} f_{m_i}^3[n] \right) \\ & \quad + \sum_{i \in \mathcal{R}} \sum_{n=1}^{N-1} \theta_1 \left( \frac{\delta_0 \sigma_i^2}{h_{m_i}} \left( 2^{\frac{L_{m_i}^{\mathrm{lo}}[n]}{B \delta_0}} - 1 \right) \right. \\ & \quad \left. + \frac{\delta_0 \sigma_0^2}{h_i[n]} \left( 2^{\frac{L_i^{\mathrm{off}}[n]}{B \delta_0}} - 1 \right) + \frac{\delta_0 \sigma_0^2}{h_i[n]} \left( 2^{\frac{L_i^{\mathrm{lo}}[n]}{B \delta_0}} - 1 \right) \right) \\ & \quad + \sum_{i \in \mathcal{R}} \sum_{n=2}^{N} \theta_2 \left( \delta \kappa_u f_{i,u}^3[n] + \delta \kappa_u f_{m_i,u}^3[n] \right) \\ & \quad + \sum_{i \in \mathcal{R}} \sum_{n=1}^{N-1} \beta_{i,n} \left( L_{m_i}^{\mathrm{lo}}[n] - L_i^{\mathrm{off}}[n] \right) \\ & \quad + \sum_{i \in \mathcal{R}} \sum_{n=2}^{N} \sum_{k=n}^{N} \lambda_{i,k} \left( \delta \frac{f_{i,u}[n]}{C_i} \right) - \sum_{i \in \mathcal{R}} \sum_{n=1}^{N-1} \sum_{k=n+1}^{N} \lambda_{i,k} L_k^{\mathrm{lo}}[n] \end{aligned}$$ + +$^4$ As mentioned in [32,33] the propulsion energy consumption of a fixed-wing UAV consists of two parts. The first part is known as the parasitic power for overcoming the parasitic drag due to the UAV’s skin friction, form drag, etc. The second part is known as the induced power for overcoming the lift-induced drag, i.e., the resulting drag force due to wings redirecting air to generate the lift for compensating the UAV’s weight. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00038.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00038.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..28ee7d9d3c5a7e43bcdce3113a705266cc2289a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00038.md @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +search method. Specifically, from (30b) and (36c), we get + +$$\sum_{n=1}^{N-1}L_{i}^\text{lo}[n]=\sum_{n=2}^{N}\frac{\delta}{C_{i}}\left[\sqrt{\frac{\left[\xi_{i}-\sum_{k=n}^{N}\lambda_{i,k}\right]^{+}}{3\theta_{2}\kappa_{u}C_{i}}}\right]_{0}^{f_{u,\max}} \tag{48}$$ + +Then, from (23) and (36a), we have + +$$\sum_{n=1}^{N-1} L_{i}^\text{lo}[n] = I_{i} - \frac{T}{C_{i}}\left[\sqrt{\frac{[\rho_{i}]^{+}}{3\theta_{1}\kappa_{i}C_{i}}}\right]_{0}^{f_{\max}}. \tag{49}$$ + +Next, from (36g), we have + +$$\sum_{n=1}^{N-1} L_i^{\text{lo}}[n] = \sum_{n=1}^{N-1} \left[ B\delta_0 \log_2 \left( \frac{\left( \sum_{k=n+1}^{N} \lambda_{i,k} - \xi_i + \rho_i \right) B h_i[n]}{\theta_1 \sigma_0^2 \ln 2} \right) \right]_0^{L_{i,\max}^{\text{lo}}[n]}. \tag{50}$$ + +From (48),(49),(50), the range of $\sum_{n=1}^{N-1} L_i^{\text{lo}}[n]$ can be obtained as $\sum_{n=1}^{N-1} L_i^{\text{lo}}[n] \in \left[ \bar{L}_{i,\min}^{\text{lo}}, \bar{L}_{i,\max}^{\text{lo}} \right]$, where + +$\bar{L}_{i,\min}^{\mathrm{lo}}=I_{i}-\frac{T}{C_{i}}f_{\max},$ + +$$\bar{L}_{i,\max}^{\mathrm{l o}}=\min\left\{\sum_{n=1}^{N-1}L_{i,\max}^{\mathrm{l o}}[n],(N-1)\frac{\delta}{C_{i}}f_{u,\max}\right\}. \tag{51}$$ + +Further from (49) and (50), the ranges of $\rho_i$ and can be obtained as $\rho_i \in [\rho_{i,\min}, \rho_{i,\max}]$ and $\xi_i \in [\xi_{i,\min}, \xi_{i,\max}]$, respectively, where + +$$\rho_{i,\min}=3\theta_{1}\kappa_{i}C_{i}\left(\frac{C_{i}\left(I_{i}-\bar{L}_{i,\max}^{\mathrm{lo}}\right)}{T}\right)^{2},\tag{52}$$ + +$$\rho_{i,\max} = 3\theta_1 \kappa_i C_i \left( \frac{C_i \left( I_i - \bar{L}_{i,\min}^{\mathrm{lo}} \right)}{T} \right)^2, \tag{53}$$ + +$$\xi_{i,\min} = \lambda_{i,N} + \rho_{i,\min} - 2 \frac{\frac{l_{i,\max}^{\mathrm{lo}}}{\delta_0} - \sum_{n=1}^{N-1} B \log_2 \left( \frac{B h_i[n]}{\theta_1 \sigma_0^2 \ln 2} \right)}{B(N-1)}, \tag{54}$$ + +$$\xi_{i,\max} = \sum_{k=2}^{N} \lambda_{i,k} + \rho_{i,\max} - 2 \frac{\frac{I_{i,\min}^{\mathrm{lo}}}{\delta_0} - \sum_{n=1}^{N-1} B \log_2 \left( \frac{B h_i[n]}{\theta_1 \sigma_0^2 \ln 2} \right)}{B(N-1)}. \tag{55}$$ + +Thus, the $\rho_i$ can be obtained by bisection search from the following equation derived from (48) and (49): + +$$\sum_{n=2}^{N}\frac{\delta}{C_{i}}\left[\sqrt{\frac{\left[\xi_{i}-\sum_{k=n}^{N}\lambda_{i,k}\right]^{+}}{3\theta_{2}\kappa_{u}C_{i}}}\right]_{0}^{f_{u,\operatorname*{m a x}}}=I_{i}-\frac{T}{C_{i}}\left[\sqrt{\frac{\left[\rho_{i}\right]^{+}}{3\theta_{1}\kappa_{i}C_{i}}}\right]_{0}^{f_{\operatorname*{m a x}}},\tag{56}$$ + +where the $\xi_i$ given $\rho_i$ can be obtained by bisection search from the following equation derived from (49) and (50): + +$$\begin{aligned} &I_{i}-\frac{T}{C_{i}}\left[\sqrt{\frac{\left[\rho_{i}\right]^{+}}{3\theta_{1}\kappa_{i}C_{i}}}\right]_{0}^{f_{\max}}= \\ &\sum_{n=1}^{N-1}\left[B\delta_{0}\log_{2}\left(\frac{\left(\sum_{k=n+1}^{N}\lambda_{i,k}-\xi_{i}+\rho_{i}\right)Bh_{i}[n]}{\theta_{1}\sigma_{0}^{2}\ln2}\right)\right]_{0}^{L_{i,\max}^{lo}[n]}. \tag{57} \end{aligned}$$ + +Besides, from (22) and (36b), we get + +$$\sum_{n=1}^{N-1} L_{m_l}^{\mathrm{lo}}[n] = I_{m_i} - \frac{T}{C_{m_i}} \left[ \sqrt{ \frac{[\mu_i]^+}{3\theta_1 \kappa_{m_i} C_{m_i}} } \right]_0^{f_{\max}}, \tag{58}$$ + +and from (36e), we have + +$$\sum_{n=1}^{N-1} L_{m_i}^{\text{lo}}[n] = \sum_{n=1}^{N-1} \left[ B\delta_0 \log_2 \left( \frac{(\mu_i - \beta_{i,n}) Bh_{m_i}}{\theta_1 \sigma_i^2 \ln 2} \right) \right]_0^{L_{m_i,\max}^{\text{lo}}}. \tag{59}$$ + +Then, from (58) and (59), we get $\sum_{n=1}^{N-1} L_{m_i}^{\text{lo}}[n] \in \left[\bar{L}_{m_i,\text{min}}^{\text{lo}}, \bar{L}_{m_i,\text{max}}^{\text{lo}}\right]$, where + +$$\bar{L}_{m_{i},\operatorname*{m i n}}^{\mathrm{l o}}=I_{m_{i}}-\frac{T}{C_{m_{i}}}f_{\operatorname*{m a x}},\tag{60}$$ + +$$\bar{L}_{m_{l},\max}^{\mathrm{lo}}=(N-1)\,L_{m_{l},\max}^{\mathrm{lo}}.\tag{61}$$ + +From (58), (60) and (61), we can have $\mu_i \in [\mu_{i,\min}, \mu_{i,\max}]$, where + +$$\mu_{i,\min} = 3\theta_1 \kappa_{m_i} C_{m_i} \left( \frac{C_{m_i} \left( I_{m_i} - \bar{L}_{m_i,\max}^{\mathrm{lo}} \right)}{T} \right)^2, \tag{62}$$ + +$$\mu_{i,\max} = 3\theta_1 \kappa_{m_i} C_{m_i} \left( \frac{C_{m_i} \left( I_{m_i} - \bar{L}_{m_i,\min}^{\mathrm{lo}} \right)}{T} \right)^2. \tag{63}$$ + +Thus, the $\mu_i$ can be obtained by bisection search from the following equation derived from (58) and (59): + +$$\begin{array}{r l}&{I_{m_{i}}-\cfrac{T}{C_{m_{i}}}\left[\sqrt{\cfrac{\left[\mu_{i}\right]^{+}}{3\theta_{1}\kappa_{m_{i}}C_{m_{i}}}}\right]_{0}^{f_{\operatorname*{m a x}}}}\\ &{=\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^{N-1}\left[B\delta_{0}\log_{2}\left(\cfrac{\left(\mu_{i}-\beta_{i,n}\right)B h_{m_{i}}}{\theta_{1}\sigma_{i}^{2}\ln2}\right)\right]_{0}^{L_{m_{i},\operatorname*{m a x}}^{\mathrm{l o}}}.}\end{array}\tag{64}$$ + +Furthermore, from (30c) and (36d), we get + +$$\sum_{n=1}^{N-1}L_{i}^{\mathrm{o f f}}[n]=\sum_{n=2}^{N}\frac{\delta}{C_{m_{i}}}\left[\sqrt{\frac{\left[\omega_{i}-\sum_{k=n}^{N}\eta_{i,k}\right]^{+}}{3\theta_{2}\kappa_{u}C_{m_{i}}}}\right]_{0}^{f_{u,\operatorname*{m a x}}},\tag{65}$$ + +and from (36f), we have + +$$\sum_{n=1}^{N-1}L_{i}^{\mathrm{o f f}}[n]=\sum_{n=1}^{N-1}\left[B\delta_{0}\log_{2}\left(\frac{\left(\sum_{k=n+1}^{N}\eta_{i,k}+\beta_{i,n}-\omega_{i}\right)B h_{i}[n]}{\theta_{1}\sigma_{0}^{2}\ln2}\right)\right]_{0}^{L_{i,\mathrm{m a x}}^{\mathrm{o f f}}[n]}. \tag{66}$$ + +From (65)–(66), we can have $\sum_{n=1}^{N-1} L_{i}^{\mathrm{off}}[n] \in \left[0, \bar{L}_{i,\operatorname*{max}}^{\mathrm{off}}\right]$, where + +$$\bar{L}_{i,\max}^{\mathrm{off}} = \min \left\{ \sum_{n=1}^{N-1} L_{i,\max}^{\mathrm{off}}[n], (N - 1) \frac{\delta}{C_{m_i}} f_{u,\max} \right\}. \tag{67}$$ + +With the obtained $\eta_{i,n}$ and $\beta_{i,n}$, the range of $\omega_i$ is derived as $\omega_i \in [\omega_{i,\min}, \omega_{i,\max}]$, where + +$$\omega_{i,\min}=\eta_{i,N}+\beta_{i,\min}-2\frac{\frac{L_{i,\max}^{off}}{\delta_{0}}-\sum_{n=1}^{N-1}B\log_{2}\left(\frac{Bh_{i}[n]}{\theta_{1}\sigma_{0}^{2}\ln2}\right)}{B(N-1)},\tag{68}$$ + +$$\omega_{i,\max}=\sum_{k=2}^{N}\eta_{i,k}+\beta_{i,\max},\tag{69}$$ + +where $\beta_{i,\min} = \min_{n \in \{1,2,\ldots,N-1\}} \beta_{i,n}$ and $\beta_{i,\max} = \max_{n \in \{1,2,\ldots,N-1\}} \beta_{i,n}$. Thus, the $\omega_{i}$ can be obtained by bisection search from the following equation derived from (65) and (66): + +$$\sum_{n=2}^{N} \frac{\delta}{C_{m_i}} \left[ \sqrt{ \frac{ \left[ \omega_i - \sum_{k=n}^{N} \eta_{i,k} \right]^+ }{ 3\theta_2 \kappa_u C_{m_i} } } \right]_{0}^{f_{u,\max}}$$ diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00039.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00039.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..634d86246aead164767aff010b650e48b463d4c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00039.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ + + +Fig. 4. A. Construction of 3D GelMA hydrogel for vascular regeneration. (Ai) Formation of blood-derived endothelial colony-forming cells in GelMA hydrogel. (Aii) Macroscopic views of explanted GelMA. (Aiii) Immunohistochemistry staining of the human CD31 (red arrowheads) in vivo formation of functional vascular networks. Images reproduced from ref. [44] with permission from Wiley. B. Construction of 3D printing hybrid GelMA cell-laden cardiac patch for heart repair. (Bi) Schematic of the preparation of hCPC, decellularized ECM, and GelMA 3D printing patch and the application. (Bii) In vivo patch retention with different implantation methods. Images reproduced from ref. [55] with permission from Wiley. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) + +raw materials for fabricating artificial organs [52]. The important contribution to the field is liver-on-a-chips, which can mimic the native liver microenvironment and contribute to drug testing, disease modeling, and tissue engineering in vitro. Recently, Wu et al. developed a liver support system by integrating GelMA and hepatocytes into a decellularized liver matrix. The system provides both a biomimetic environment and mechanical support for hepatic functions. The biomechanical support provided by GelMA ensures high engraftment of cells, which plays essential role in converting ammonia (ammonia concentration reduces by 45%) into urea and helps prevent hepatic encephalopathy [53]. Also, OOAC could be applied to study tumor disease development. Lu et al. developed a tumor-on-a-chip to mimic the tumor microenvironment (TME) by a microfluidics-based 3D dynamic culture system. They used the GelMA decellularized liver matrix (DLM) as the raw biomaterials. Under flow conditions, the cell viability is maintained, and the hepatocyte functions are also enhanced. Moreover, this tumor-on-a-chip is drug responsive to acetaminophen and sorafenib. Based on these results, this TME biomimetic tumor-on-a-chip has proved its potential for pathological diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00040.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00040.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dd5cd068b98d9fc5bd88a67a91e640a13f267c82 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00040.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +# Mixed local channel attention for object detection + +Dahang Wan, Rongsheng Lu *, Siyuan Shen, Ting Xu, Xianli Lang, Zhijie Ren + +School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China + +Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China + + + +## ARTICLE INFO + +Keywords: + +Attention mechanism + +Local channel attention + +Object detection + +Deep learning algorithm + +Convolutional neural network + +## A B S T R A C T + +Attention mechanism, one of the most extensively utilized components in computer vision, can assist neural networks in emphasizing significant elements and suppressing irrelevant ones. However, the vast majority of channel attention mechanisms only contain channel feature information and ignore spatial feature information, resulting in poor model representation effect or object detection performance, and the spatial attention modules were often complex and expensive. In order to strike a balance between performance and complexity, this paper proposes a lightweight Mixed Local Channel Attention (MLCA) module to improve the performance of the object detection network, and it can simultaneously incorporate both channel information and spatial information, as well as local information and global information to improve the expression effect of the network. On this basis, the MobileNet-Attention-YOLO(MAY) algorithm for comparing the performance of various attention modules is presented. On the Pascal VOC and SMID datasets, MLCA achieves a better balance between model representation efficacy, performance, and complexity than alternative attention techniques. Against the Squeeze-and-Excitation(SE) attention mechanism on the PASCAL VOC dataset and the Coordinate Attention(CA) method on the SIMD dataset, the mAP is enhanced by 1.0 % and 1.5 %, respectively. + +## 1. Introduction + +Object Detection is one of the key challenges in the subject of computer vision, which involves locating and classifying all objects of interest in an image (Zou et al., 2023). Due to the diverse appearance, shape, and orientation of distinct objects, as well as the interference of illumination, occlusion, and other elements during imaging, object detection is always the most difficult problem in the field of computer vision. With the advent of deep learning, enhancing neural network model for object detection has been fashionable (Steiniger et al., 2022). Currently, the enhancement of object detection models focuses mostly on data enhancement (Zhang et al., 2023), loss function (Zhang et al., 2022b), and network structure (Alferaidi et al., 2022; Guo et al., 2021), with the attention mechanism being a hot issue in network structure enhancement. The attention mechanism (Mnih et al., 2014) is a unique structure embedded in models of machine learning to automatically acquire the contribution of input data to output data. The fundamental principle of the attention mechanism in computer vision is to find the correlation between them based on the original data, and then to emphasize some key features (Hassanin et al., 2022), such as channel attention (Hu et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2020; Qin et al., 2021; Gao et al., 2018; Diba et al., 2018), spatial attention (Schwartz et al., 2017; Zheng et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2018; Hu et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2020a), mixed attention (Woo et al., 2018; Hou et al., 2021; Fu et al., 2019; Chen et al., 2019a; Roy et al., 2018; Misra et al., 2020; Hou et al., 2020), Self-attention (Vaswani et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2021; Yoo et al., 2017; Tan et al., 2017; Lin et al., 2017), branching attention (Yang et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2020; Steiniger et al., 2022; Li et al., 2019a; Chen et al., 2020), etc. The attention mechanism is one of the most widely used components in computer vision now. MobileNetV3 (Howard et al., 2019) shows, for instance, that the Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) attention method (Hu et al., 2019) can enhance the performance of network by improving the expression effect of the model. The authors of SE consider the relationship between feature channels and provide an attention mechanism. Through autonomous learning, it can assess the relevance of each feature channel, highlight critical feature channels based on the significance of each feature channel, and suppress background information. However, the SE attention mechanism disregards the spatial information that is essential for generating maps of spatially selective attention. Efficient Channel Attention(ECA) (Wang et al., 2020), Frequency Channel Attention(FCA) (Qin et al., 2021), GSoPNet (Gao et al., 2018), etc., are comparable. Convolutional Block Attention Module(CBAM) (Woo et al., 2018) combines the attention of each feature channel and feature space and concurrently determines the relevance of each feature channel and feature space. In recent years, several researchers have employed CBAM to construct neural networks, gaining different promotions as a result. + +*Corresponding author at: School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China. + +E-mail addresses: wandahang@mail.hfut.edu.cn (D. Wan), rslu@hfut.edu.cn (R. Lu), shensiyuan@mail.hfut.edu.cn (S. Shen), xuting@mail.hfut.edu.cn (T. Xu), langxl@hfut.edu.cn (X. Lang), renzhijie@ustc.hfut.edu.cn (Z. Ren). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00041.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00041.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ffd5dc002d2f29d983cd7ed3da4b8b7f8f11df2b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00041.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ + +Fig. 1 The tryptophan degradation pathway. The tryptophan degradation pathway is divided into serotonin pathway(green) and kynurenine pathway. Kynurenic acid and picolinic acid(purple) are considered to be neuroprotective metabolites, whereas 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine, 3-hydroxy-anthranilic acid and quinolinic acid (red) are neurotoxic metabolites + + +$\smiles{N[C@@H](Cc1c[nH]c2ccccc12)C(=O)O}$ + +$\smiles{N[C@@H](Cc1c[nH]c2ccc(O)cc12)C(=O)O}$ + +$\smiles{NCCc1c[nH]c2ccc(O)cc12}$ + +$\smiles{O=Cc1ccccc1C(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)O}$ + +$\smiles{CC(=O)NCCc1c[nH]c2ccc(OC)cc12}$ + +$\smiles{N[C@@H](Cc1c[nH]c2ccccc12)C(=O)O}$ + +$\smiles{NC(=O)c1ccccc1C(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)O}$ + +$\smiles{CC(=O)NCCc1c[nH]c2ccc(OC)cc12}$ + +$\smiles{NC(=O)c1c(O)cccc1C(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)O}$ + +$\smiles{OC(=O)c1cc(=O)c2c(O)cccc2n1}$ + +$\smiles{Nc1c(C(=O)O)cccc1O}$ + +$\smiles{OC(=O)c1ccccn1}$ + +$\smiles{OC(=O)c1cccnc1C(=O)O}$ + +metabolism is the core of the entire complex network between the immune and neuroendocrine systems or body and brain crosstalk. The availability of tryptophan to the brain is mainly influenced by the competitive effects of the large amino acids at the transport across blood-brain barrier(BBB) and partially by the cerebral demand (Fernstrom 1977). + +The development of depressive symptoms was hypothesized to be associated with significantly reduced plasma tryptophan (Capuron et al. 2002; Maes et al. 1993), and tryptophan levels was significantly correlated with depression scores. A clinical study shows that IFN-α based immunotherapy for cancer and hepatitis C virus(HCV)-infected patients significantly increases the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) through inducing the metabolism of TRP to KYN (Bonaccorso et al. 2002). In addition, tryptophan was markedly reduced from baseline in the serum of HCV patients during IFN-α therapy (Comai et al. 2011). Others also showed that plasma tryptophan was significantly decreased in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients (Ogawa et al. 2014). Specifically, the greater reduction of plasma tryptophan levels, the more severe the symptoms of depression (Capuron et al. 2002). Paradoxically, brain tryptophan did not decrease in these conditions. Activation of IDO diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00042.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00042.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a1b21e59d1dddcb76bb0287dd47e5ba1abde2272 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00042.md @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +## II. SYSTEM MODELLING AND DISCRIPTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM + +Firstly, the 4-bus DG integrated renewable energy system model is investigated. This model consists of dynamic load and FACTS device static voltage compensator (SVC). Wind turbine generator (WTG) is a distributed source. The DG integrated proposed model is shown in the Fig. 1. + +In the model, $X _ {1}$, $X _ {2}$, $X _ {3}$, $X _ {4}$ are the corresponding system impedances and $\emptyset$ is the impedance angle. At bus-1 synchronous machine is connected, the dynamics of machine is written by using swing equation [6], + +$$ +\dot{\delta}_{t}=\omega, +$$ + +$$ +\dot{\omega}=\frac{1}{M}\left[-D_{m}\omega+P_{m}-P_{e}\right]\qquad\qquad \qquad\qquad(1) +$$ + +where $\delta _ {t}$ is the generator rotor angle, $\omega$ is the angular rotation, M is the moment of inertia, $D _ {m}$ is the damping factor, $P _ {m}$ and $P _ {e}$ are the input and output power of the generator. + +The $T _ {SVC}$ and $K _ {SVC}$ are the time constant and gain of the SVC device. $u _ {SVC}$ is the control input of the SVC, B is the susceptibility, $Q _ {SVC}$ is the injected reactive power provided by the SVC and has in the form of $Q _ {SVC} = BV^{2}$. SVC is modelled in renewable energy system for the controlling purpose, the controller is not carried out in this case i.e. $Q _ {SVC} = 0$. So, the modified dynamics is written in equation (4). + +$$ +\dot{\delta}_{t}=\omega, +$$ + +$$ +\dot{\omega}=\frac{1}{M}\left[-D_{m}\omega+P_{m}-P_{e}\right], +$$ + +$$ +\dot{\delta}_{L}=\frac{1}{c_{4}}[Q-Q_{0}-Q_{1}-c_{5}V_{L}-c_{6}V_{L}^{2}- +$$ + +$$ +Q_{svc}], +$$ + +$$ +\dot{V}_{L}=\frac{1}{c_{2}}\Big[ P-P_{0}-P_{1}-C_{1}\left\{\frac{1}{c_{4}}(Q-Q_{0}-\right. +$$ + +$$ +\begin{array}{l}Q_{1}-C_{5}V_{L}-C_{6}V_{L}^{2})\big\{ -C_{3}V_{L}-Q_{SVC }\big\} ,\end{array} +$$ + +$$ +\dot{B}=\frac{1}{T_{SVC}}[K_{SVC}u_{SVC}-B],\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad \text{(3)} +$$ + + + +Fig 1. DG integrated 4-bus novel renewable energy system. + +Dynamic load is connected at bus 3 the dynamics of load $[6, 7]$ is rewritten as: + +$$ +P=P_{0}+P_{1}{+}C_{1}\dot{\delta}_{L}+C_{2}\dot{V}_{L}+C_{3}V_{L} +$$ + +$$ +Q=Q_{0}+Q_{1}+C_{4}\dot{\delta}_{L}+C_{5}V_{L}+C_{6}V_{L}^{2}\qquad\quad(2) +$$ + +By using (1), (2) and model of DG [8], a five-dimensional dynamical system equation is written in eq. (3). + +$P _ {1}$ and $Q _ {1}$ are the real and reactive power demands of constant PQ load, $P _ {0}$ and $Q _ {0}$ are the real and reactive power of induction motor. + +In the 4-dimensional renewable energy system model, wind turbine generator is integrated through the PWM inverter at the bus-2. For modelling convenience, it is assumed that the net reactive power at the connecting bus is fulfil by the WTG$^{[8]}$. + +$$ +\dot{\delta}_{t}=\omega, +$$ + +$$ +\dot{\omega}=\frac{1}{M}\left[-D_{m}\omega+P_{m}-P_{e}\right], +$$ + +$$ +\dot{\delta}_{L}=\frac{1}{c_{4}}[Q-Q_{0}-Q_{1}-c_{5}V_{L}-c_{6}V_{L}^{2}], +$$ + +$$ +\begin{aligned}\dot V_L=\frac1{c_2} \Big[ P-P_0 -P_1-C_{1}\big\{\tfrac 1 { c_4}(Q-Q_0-\ Q_1- C_5V_L-\\C_6V^2_L)\big\}-C_3V_L\Big]&& (4)\\\end{aligned} +$$ + diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00043.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00043.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..93f316f708a08b2853b4e61fb3c1d522172801be --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00043.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ + + +Figure 1. PEDV induces autophagy. Vero and IPEC-DQ cells were infected with the indicated MOI (0, 005, 0.05, and 0.5) of PEDV HXLV and HLJBY strains for 16 hr or 36, respectively (a), or with 0.5 MOI for the indicated time (b). (c & d) Vero and IPEC-DQ cells were mock-infected or infected with PEDV HXLV and HLJBY strains (0.5 MOI each), respectively. After incubation for 8 hr, bafilomycin a (Baf) (20 nM) or chloroquine (CQ) (10 μM) was added and incubated for another 8 hr. LC3 lipidation and the levels of p62, the viral nucleoprotein (N) and spike (S) proteins were analysed by Western blot. β-actin was detected as a loading control. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, compared to uninfected controls; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, compared to PEDV-infected cells. + +infection does not block autophagic flux but rather induces functional autophagy. + +We next investigated the impact of autophagy on PEDV replication. Bafilomycin (20 nM) significantly reduced the contents of the S and N proteins by 49.6% and 75.2%, respectively, in the cell lysates (Figure 2(c)) and lowered + +virus titres by 71.2% (Figure 2(d) in the conditioned media of PEDV-infected Vero cells. CQ also reduces the viral S and N protein levels in Vero cell lysates and virus titres in the conditioned media (Figure 2(c,d)). Neither bafilomycin A nor CQ affected the proliferation of uninfected or PEDV-infected Vero cells (Figure 2(e)). The specificity of + diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00044.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00044.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..16956269d88d5a1bb598b90b1342ff2d6db0299a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00044.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + + +Figure 2. PEDV-Induced autophagy facilitates virus replication. (a) GFP-RFP-LC3-transfected Vero cells were mock-infected or infected with PEDV virus (0.5 MOI). After incubation for 8 hr., CQ (10 µM) and bafilomycin a (20 nM) were added and incubated for another 8 hr. After nuclei staining with DAPI, orange autophagosomal puncta and red autolysosomal puncta were examined and under a confocal microscope and quantified. Scale bar, 50 µm. The means of autolysosomes shown in red bars and autophagosomes shown in orange bars per cell were plotted in a bar graph (b). (c & d) Autophagy facilitates PEDV replication. Vero cells were inoculated with PEDV (0.5 MOI) and then incubated with or without bafilomycin a (20 nM) or CQ (10 µM) for 12 hr. Virus replication was examined by analysing the viral S and N protein levels with Western blot (c). Virus titres in the conditioned media were analysed by measuring the TCID₅₀ values (d). The results represent the mean ± SD of four independent experiments. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 compared to PEDV-infected cells. (e) Effect of bafilomycin a and CQ on Vero cell proliferation. Bafilomycin a (20 nM) and CQ (10 µM) were added into uninfected or PEDV HXLV strain-infected Vero cells and incubated for 12 hr. Cell proliferation was evaluated by using a CellTiter-Glo kit. The mean ± SD of the triplicate from a representative experiment was shown in a bar graph. The experiment was repeated twice with similar results. (f) Vero and IPEC-DQ cells were transfected with Beclin-1 and ATG5 siRNA, respectively. Transfection with a scrambled siRNA was included as a negative control. After incubation for 36 hr, Vero and IPEC-DQ cells were infected with HXLV and HLJBY virus, respectively. Twelve hours later, the levels of the S protein of PEDV and Beclin-1 or ATG5 were detected by Western blot. + diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00045.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00045.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7f569262c443550f0b5a6090ec50c596e6e6c339 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00045.md @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +of edges in $\mathcal{G}$ are independent. Based on this assumption, a widely-used possible world model can be applied to analyze uncertain graphs. Specifically, a possible world of $\mathcal{G}$ is a deterministic graph, denoted by $G = (V, E_G)$, which is obtained by sampling an edge set $E_G$ from $E$ w.r.t. (with respect to) the probability function $p$. The probability of a possible world $G$, denoted by $Pr(G)$, is defined as + +$$Pr(G) = \prod_{e \in E_G} p_e \prod_{e \in E \setminus E_G} (1 - p_e). \tag{ 1}$$ + +Clearly, the number of possible worlds of an uncertain graph $\mathcal{G}$ is $2^{|E|}$. Given a possible world $G$, a clique $H$ is a completed subgraph in $G$. If there does not exist a clique $H'$ such that $H \subset H'$, we say that $H$ is maximal in $G$. Below, we give the definition of clique probability [33, 43]. + +Definition 1 (Clique probability). Given an uncertain graph $\mathcal{G}$ and a set of vertices $H$, the clique probability of $H$, denoted by $\Pr(H, \mathcal{G})$, is defined as the probability that in a sampled possible world of $\mathcal{G}$, $H$ is a clique. + +Assume that the probability of $(u,v)$ is 0 if $(u,v)\notin E$ and $u,v\in V$. As shown in [43], the clique probability of H can be computed by + +$$Pr(H,\mathcal{G}) = \prod_{e\in\{(u,v)|u,v\in H,u\neq v\}} p_e. \tag{2}$$ + +Based on Definition 1, a concept of $\eta$-clique on an uncertain graph $\mathcal{G}$ can be defined as follows. + +Definition 2 ($\eta$-clique). Given an uncertain graph $\mathcal{G}$ and a probability threshold $\eta \in [0,1]$, a set of vertices $H$ is an $\eta$-clique if $Pr(H,\mathcal{G}) \geq \eta$. + +A vertex set $H$ is a maximal $\eta$-clique if (1) it is a $\eta$-clique, and (2) there does not exist a vertex set $H' \supset H$ such that $H'$ is an $\eta$-clique. For a typical uncertain graph, there may exist many maximal $\eta$-cliques with small size which are often no practical use in real-world applications [33, 43]. Thus, it is more useful to detect large maximal $\eta$-cliques for real-world applications. Below, we give the definition of $(k, \eta)$-clique which is a maximal $\eta$-clique with at least $k$ vertices. + +Definition 3 (Maximal $(k, \eta)$-clique). Given an uncertain graph $\mathcal{G}$, a probability threshold $\eta \in [0, 1]$, and a positive integer $k \in \mathbb{N}^+$. A vertex set $H \subseteq V$ is a maximal $(k, \eta)$-clique if $|H| \geq k$ and $H$ is a maximal $\eta$-clique. + +**Problem definition**. Given an uncertain graph $\mathcal{G}$ and two parameters $\eta \in [0, 1]$ and $k \in \mathbb{N}^+$, our goal is to efficiently enumerate all maximal $(k, \eta)$-cliques in $\mathcal{G}$. + +## 3 DEFECTS OF EXISTING SOLUTIONS + +To enumerate all maximal $(k, \eta)$-cliques, Mukherjee et al. [43] proposed a recursive backtracking algorithm based on a set enumeration technique [48]. The main idea of this algorithm is to maintain three disjoint sets $R$, $C$, and $X$ in the recursive enumeration procedure, where $R$ is an $\eta$-clique, $C$ is a set of candidates that are to be added to $R$ to form a larger $\eta$-clique, and $X$ is a set of vertices that have already been explored from $C$. In each recursion, the three vertex sets always keep the invariance that $R \cup \{v\}$ is an $\eta$-clique if $v \in C \cup X$, and $R \cup \{v\}$ is not an $\eta$-clique if $v \notin C \cup X$. The algorithm iteratively processes the candidate vertices in $C$ following a + +## **Algorithm 1**: MUC($\mathcal{G}, k, \eta$) [43] + +``` +Input: An uncertain graph 𝒢, and two parameters k and η. +Output: All maximal (k, η)-cliques in 𝒢. +1 foreach connected component C in 𝒢 do +2 Replace each v in C with (v, 1); +3 MUCE(∅, 1, C, C, k, η); +4 Procedure MUCE(R, q, C, X, k, η) +5 if C ∪ X = ∅ and |R| ≥ k then +6 Output R as a maximal (k, η)-clique; +7 foreach (v, r) ∈ C in lexicographical ordering over v do +8 R′ ← R ∪ {v}; q′ ← q * r; +9 C′ ← GenerateSet(v, C, q′, η); +10 X′ ← GenerateSet(v, X, q′, η); +11 if |R′| + |C′| ≥ k then +12 MUCE(R′, q′, C′, X′, k, η); +13 C ← C \ {(v, r)}; X ← X ∪ {(v, r)}; +14 Procedure GenerateSet(v, C, q, η) +15 C′ ← ∅; +16 foreach (u, r) ∈ C s.t. u ∈ N_v(𝒢) do +17 q′ ← q * r * p_(u,v); +18 if q′ ≥ η then C′ ← C′ ∪ (v, r * p_(u,v)); +19 return C′; +``` + +lexicographical ordering to expand the current $\eta$-clique $R$. Before entering the next recursion, the sets $C$ and $X$ are updated to keep the above-mentioned invariant constraint. Whenever $C \cup X = \emptyset$ and $|R| \geq k$, the set $R$ is a valid $(k, \eta)$-clique. The detailed procedure is shown in Algorithm 1. + +In Algorithm 1, it invokes the procedure MUCE to enumerate all maximal $(k, \eta)$-cliques for each connected component of $\mathcal{G}$ (lines 1-3), where MUCE admits six arguments: the $\eta$-clique $R$, the clique probability $q$ of $R$, the candidate set $C$, the set $X$, and two parameters $k$ and $\eta$. Note that every element in $C$ and $X$ is a pair of $(v, r_v)$ which is initialized by $(v, 1)$ [43], where $v$ is a vertex satisfying that $R \cup \{v\}$ is a $\eta$-clique, and $r_o$ is the product of probabilities of the edges connecting $v$ and the vertices in $R$. The algorithm iteratively processes each vertex $v \in C$ in a lexicographical ordering to expand the current $\eta$-clique $R$. In each iteration, the algorithm updates the sets $C$ and $X$ using procedure GenerateSet to keep the invariance that $R' \cup \{u\}$ is an $\eta$-clique when $u \in C' \cup X'$ (lines 8-10). If there may be a $(k, \eta)$-clique containing $R'$, i.e., $|R'| + |C'| \ge k$, the algorithm continues the recursive calls (lines 11-12). After processing the vertex $v$, the algorithm removes $v$ from $C$ and adds it into $X$ (line 13). The algorithm terminates until all vertices in $C$ are processed. + +An improved solution to enumerate all maximal $(k,\eta)$-cliques was developed by Li et al. [33]. Their algorithm first applies several effective pruning techniques to remove vertices that are definitely not included in any maximal $(k,\eta)$-clique, and then makes use of the same recursive backtracking technique as used in Algorithm 1 on the reduced graph to find all maximal $(k,\eta)$-cliques. Since the algorithm proposed by Li et al. [33] works on the reduced graph which is often much smaller than the original uncertain graph, it is much faster than the algorithm proposed by Mukherjee et al. [43]. +To enumerate a maximal $(k,\eta)$-clique H, these algorithms need to explore all the non-maximal $(k,\eta)$-cliques contained in H based diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00046.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00046.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6693888a9a4e2a74fa95ec441c59c99c88971dcd --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00046.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + + +Fig. 1. Flowchart for the proposed Parallel MS-GPRS-PSO approach. + +## Algorithm 2 GPR Newton Optimization Approach + +``` +Input Parameters: +- f_eval: Maximum number of function evaluations +- maxLocalIter: Maximum local iterations for GPR Newton optimization + +GPR Newton's Optimization +- for parfor swarm = 1 to num_swarm: + - Train the GPR model using the stored surrogate data set + - For local_iterations = 1 to maxLocalIter: + * Predict potential optima using Newton's method with f_eval function evaluations based on Eq. (4) and Eq. (5) + * Calculate the real objective function value of the predicted optimal particle + * Update g_best(m) if the predicted optimal objective function value is lower than the previous value using Eq. (6) +``` + +computational effectiveness of Parallel-computing. In this approach, multiple swarms of particles operate concurrently, with each swarm independently utilizing PSO. This enables the simultaneous operation of sub-swarms, significantly reducing the time required to reach the best solutions. To further enhance the optimization process, knowledge-sharing mechanisms are employed. Periodically, the best solutions identified in one swarm are shared with others. This collaborative approach ensures the communication of the best solutions throughout the optimization process, facilitating a more informed search for the best solutions. Furthermore, to fine-tune the search process, the approach incorporates GPR Newton's optimization after a predefined number of surrogate iteration threshold (s_iter). The proposed optimization approach operates based on a predefined maximum number of iterations. The final global best solution obtained at the last iteration represents the best solution for the considered objective function. For a comprehensive understanding of the Parallel-MS-GPRS-PSO Approach, the complete algorithm is detailed in Algorithm 1, and the corresponding flowchart is illustrated in Fig. 1. + +## 2.5. Parameter selection for the proposed approach + +The parameter selection is crucial for optimizing the performance of the proposed algorithm. Table 2 provides the outcomes of evaluating different combinations of parameters, such as $s\_iter$, $f\_eval$, and $num\_swarm$, with a focus on minimizing the Rosenbrock function (F2). diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00047.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00047.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3c6d677009f249a7513a04eb3ebd39b09e2b4f1d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00047.md @@ -0,0 +1,377 @@ +Table 5 +Comparative results on 50-Dimension Benchmark test functions with other PSO variants. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Function No.AnalyticsPSO-LDIWMSCPSOPSO-GPRParallel-MS-GPRS-PSO
F1Best$2.56\mathrm {E}+02$$1.71\mathrm {E}+02$$1.46\mathrm {E}+02$$9.78\mathrm {E}+01$
Worst$4.22\mathrm {E}+02$$3.92\mathrm {E}+02$$4.54\mathrm {E}+02$$3.19\mathrm {E}+02$
Mean$3.38\mathrm {E}+02$$2.89\mathrm {E}+02$$2.54\mathrm {E}+02$$1.88\mathrm {E}+02$
Std.$4.89E+01$$6.02\mathrm {E}+01$$9.35\mathrm {E}+01$$7.86\mathrm {E}+01$
F2Best$1.29\mathrm {E}+02$$1.13\mathrm {E}+02$$5.51\mathrm {E}+01$$3.52\mathrm {E}+01$
Worst$1.03\mathrm {E}+04$$8.20\mathrm {E}+05$$2.61\mathrm {E}+03$$2.55\mathrm {E}+03$
Mean$2.45\mathrm {E}+03$$5.74E+04$$1.13\mathrm {E}+03$$3.54\mathrm {E}+02$
Std.$3.97\mathrm {E}+03$$2.07\mathrm {E}+05$$1.26\mathrm {E}+03$$7.75\mathrm {E}+02$
F3Best$5.56\mathrm {E}+02$$4.13\mathrm {E}+02$$2.26\mathrm {E}+02$$4.37\mathrm {E}+01$
Worst$1.08\mathrm {E}+04$$7.57\mathrm {E}+03$$2.96\mathrm {E}+03$$3.31\mathrm {E}+03$
Mean$5.37\mathrm {E}+03$$3.59\mathrm {E}+03$$1.36\mathrm {E}+03$$5.68\mathrm {E}+02$
Std.$2.47\mathrm {E}+03$$1.87\mathrm {E}+03$$1.12\mathrm {E}+03$$9.92\mathrm {E}+02$
F4Best$1.26\mathrm {E}+01$$6.42\mathrm {E}+00$$5.83\mathrm {E}-01$$2.51\mathrm {E}-02$
Worst$1.94\mathrm {E}+01$$1.72\mathrm {E}+01$$1.53\mathrm {E}+01$$1.52\mathrm {E}+01$
Mean$1.66\mathrm {E}+01$$1.29\mathrm {E}+01$$6.30E+00$$7.01\mathrm {E}+00$
Std.$1.71\mathrm {E}+00$$3.21\mathrm {E}+00$$5.30\mathrm {E}+00$$7.16\mathrm {E}+00$
F5Best$2.57\mathrm {E}+01$$1.03\mathrm {E}+01$$6.02\mathrm {E}-01$$1.70\mathrm {E}-02$
Worst$3.01\mathrm {E}+02$$2.80\mathrm {E}+02$$2.71\mathrm {E}+02$$9.09\mathrm {E}+01$
Mean$1.59\mathrm {E}+02$$7.84\mathrm {E}+01$$1.36\mathrm {E}+02$$6.33\mathrm {E}+01$
Std.$7.81\mathrm {E}+01$$7.30\mathrm {E}+01$$8.75\mathrm {E}+01$$4.36\mathrm {E}+01$
F6Best$5.58\mathrm {E}+03$$5.65\mathrm {E}+03$$6.73\mathrm {E}+03$$5.45\mathrm {E}+03$
Worst$1.09\mathrm {E}+04$$8.65\mathrm {E}+03$$8.53\mathrm {E}+03$$8.47\mathrm {E}+03$
Mean$8.12\mathrm {E}+03$$7.18\mathrm {E}+03$$7.87\mathrm {E}+03$$7.33\mathrm {E}+03$
Std.$1.42\mathrm {E}+03$$9.66\mathrm {E}+02$$7.13E+02$$9.60\mathrm {E}+02$
F7Best$-1.69\mathrm {E}+03$$-1.76\mathrm {E}+03$$-1.80E+03$$-1.77E+03$
Worst$-1.46E+03$$-1.58E+03$$-1.58E+03$$-1.65\mathrm {E}+03$
Mean$-1.59E+03$$-1.69E+03$$-1.72\mathrm {E}+03$$-1.73\mathrm {E}+03$
Std.$6.44\mathrm {E}+01$$4.70\mathrm {E}+01$$6.10\mathrm {E}+01$$4.28\mathrm {E}+01$
+ +Table 6 +Comparative results on 100-Dimension Benchmark test functions with other PSO variants. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Function No.AnalyticsPSO-LDIWMSCPSOPSO-GPRParallel-MS-GPRS-PSO
F1Best$1.14\mathrm {E}+03$$9.34\mathrm {E}+02$$3.29\mathrm {E}+02$$2.91\mathrm {E}+02$
Worst$1.45\mathrm {E}+03$$1.35\mathrm {E}+03$$9.15\mathrm {E}+02$$8.38\mathrm {E}+02$
Mean$1.27\mathrm {E}+03$$1.16\mathrm {E}+03$$6.86\mathrm {E}+02$$5.66\mathrm {E}+02$
Std.$1.06\mathrm {E}+03$$1.11\mathrm {E}+03$$2.05\mathrm {E}+02$$2.01\mathrm {E}+02$
F2Best$1.53\mathrm {E}+05$$3.93\mathrm {E}+04$$1.95\mathrm {E}+03$$9.87\mathrm {E}+02$
Worst$3.19\mathrm {E}+05$$2.91\mathrm {E}+05$$1.68\mathrm {E}+05$$1.12\mathrm {E}+05$
Mean$2.31\mathrm {E}+05$$1.68\mathrm {E}+05$$5.70E+04$$5.41\mathrm {E}+04$
Std.$5.64\mathrm {E}+04$$6.60E+04$$5.77\mathrm {E}+04$$3.43E+04$
F3Best$1.20\mathrm {E}+04$$1.15\mathrm {E}+04$$3.09\mathrm {E}+02$$2.91\mathrm {E}+02$
Worst$3.12\mathrm {E}+04$$2.96\mathrm {E}+04$$2.73\mathrm {E}+04$$7.02\mathrm {E}+03$
Mean$2.03\mathrm {E}+04$$1.95\mathrm {E}+04$$6.70E+03$$1.88\mathrm {E}+03$
Std.$5.63\mathrm {E}+03$$4.43\mathrm {E}+03$$8.79\mathrm {E}+03$$2.26\mathrm {E}+03$
F4Best$2.03\mathrm {E}+01$$1.91\mathrm {E}+01$$1.64\mathrm {E}+01$$5.27\mathrm {E}+00$
Worst$2.08\mathrm {E}+01$$2.07\mathrm {E}+01$$1.90\mathrm {E}+01$$1.71\mathrm {E}+01$
Mean$2.05\mathrm {E}+01$$2.01\mathrm {E}+01$$1.77\mathrm {E}+01$$1.23\mathrm {E}+01$
Std.$1.59E-01$$3.28\mathrm {E}-01$$1.01\mathrm {E}+00$$3.83\mathrm {E}+00$
F5Best$7.42\mathrm {E}+02$$5.51\mathrm {E}+02$$2.87\mathrm {E}+02$$9.72\mathrm {E}+01$
Worst$1.38\mathrm {E}+03$$1.02\mathrm {E}+03$$9.11\mathrm {E}+02$$6.31\mathrm {E}+02$
Mean$1.11\mathrm {E}+03$$7.58\mathrm {E}+02$$5.14\mathrm {E}+02$$3.81\mathrm {E}+02$
Std.$1.83\mathrm {E}+02$$1.38\mathrm {E}+02$$1.89\mathrm {E}+02$$1.73\mathrm {E}+02$
F6Best$2.04\mathrm {E}+04$$1.68\mathrm {E}+04$$1.66\mathrm {E}+04$$1.44\mathrm {E}+04$
Worst$2.35\mathrm {E}+04$$2.18\mathrm {E}+04$$2.31\mathrm {E}+04$$2.17\mathrm {E}+04$
Mean$2.19\mathrm {E}+04$$1.94\mathrm {E}+04$$1.93\mathrm {E}+04$$1.86\mathrm {E}+04$
Std.$1.07\mathrm {E}+03$$1.46\mathrm {E}+03$$2.02\mathrm {E}+03$$2.39\mathrm {E}+03$
F7Best$-2.70E+03$$-2.81\mathrm {E}+03$$-3.42E+03$$-3.47E+03$
Worst$-2.24\mathrm {E}+03$$-2.45\mathrm {E}+03$$-3.17E+03$$-3.18\mathrm {E}+03$
Mean$-2.51\mathrm {E}+03$$-2.66E+03$$-3.30E+03$$-3.31E+03$
Std.$1.43\mathrm {E}+02$$1.29\mathrm {E}+02$$8.55\mathrm {E}+01$$7.29\mathrm {E}+01$
+ +is applied. The test has yielded a highly significant $p$-value of $4.4474 \times 10^{-10}$. This indicates that at least one PSO variant stands apart from the others in terms of performance. Post-hoc comparisons using Bonferroni-corrected p-values are conducted to identify specific pairs of PSO variants with significant performance distinctions. The p-values adjusted to a level below 0.05 signify the presence of statistically significant differences. Table 7 presents the results of these comparisons. Notably, Parallel-MS-GPRS-PSO exhibits a significant performance difference when compared to all other three variants. + +Furthermore, Fig. 5 shows that the proposed PSO variant yields the minimum objective function values, suggesting its superior performance compared to the other variants. The comprehensive statistical tests, along with data obtained from 30 independent runs, and the performance of Parallel-MS-GPRS-PSO on other benchmark functions, \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00048.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00048.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..327909f7b6c88501d383615e1383e6a1ad38b921 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00048.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +## Encapsulation of selenium in chitosan nanoparticles improves selenium availability and protects cells from selenium-induced DNA damage response + +Shu Zhang$^\text{a}$, Yangchao Luo$^\text{a}$, Huawei Zeng$^\text{b}$, Qin Wang$^\text{a}$, Fei Tian$^\text{c}$, Jiuzhou Song$^\text{c}$, Wen-Hsing Cheng$^\text{a,*}$ + +$^{a}$Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA + +$^{h}$USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA + +$^{c}$Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA + +Received 1 August 2010; received in revised form 1 September 2010; accepted 23 September 2010 + +## Abstract + +Selenium, an essential mineral, plays important roles in optimizing human health. Chitosan (CS) is an effective, naturally oriented material for synthesizing nanoparticles with preferable properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradation and resistance to certain enzymes. We have recently shown that cellular exposure to selenium compounds activates ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-dependent DNA damage responses, a tumorigenesis barrier. To test whether nanoencapsulation of selenium modulates the cellular response to selenium compounds, the HCT 116 cancerous and the MRC-5 normal cells were treated with Na2SeO3 and methylseleninic acid (MSeA) encapsulated in CS/polyphosphate nanoparticles. Analyses of cellular selenium levels demonstrate that (1) the nanoencapsulation enhances selenium levels in cells after exposure to Na2SeO3 and MSeA (1–10 μM); (2) cells retained more selenium when treated with Na2SeO3 than with MSeA; (3) selenium levels are greater in HCT 116 than in MRC-5 cells after Na2SeO3, but not MSeA, exposure. Survival analysis shows that CS encapsulation desensitizes HCT 116 and MRC-5 cells to Na2SeO3 or MSeA exposure. Immunofluorescent analysis demonstrates that CS encapsulation attenuates the selenium-induced ATM phosphorylation on Ser-1981, and the extent is greater in HCT 116 than in MRC-5 cells. Our results reveal features of selenium nanoencapsulation in CS, including increased selenium retention in cells and decreased cellular sensitivity and DNA damage response to selenium exposure. +© 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. + +Keywords: Selenium; Chitosan; Nanoparticles; DNA damage; Cancer + +## 1. Introduction + +Selenium is an essential mineral that maintains optimal health in life. Although the recent Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) fails to demonstrate selenomethionine as an effective chemoprevention agent against prostate cancer [11], the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer (NPC) and other epidemiological trials, together with ample animal studies, have established the anticarcinogenic potential of selenium in decreasing risks of prostate and colorectal cancer, as well as an inverse association between selenium status and cancer risk [2–4]. The above observations appear to be unexpected. However, a further analysis has suggested that daily selenium supplements do not benefit all people, and cancer risk reduction by selenium is seen only in men with suboptimal selenium levels (<1.53 μmol/L plasma) prior to entering the trial (a subgroup evaluated by NPC but not by SELECT) [5]. + + +The biological function of selenium is exerted through selenopro- teins and selenium metabolites, both of which are implicated in the regulation of tumorigenesis [6,7]. At least one-third of the 25 selenoproteins in humans exhibit antioxidative activities, but seleni- um metabolites are also known to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) [8]. Selenium may mitigate tumorigenesis at the initiation, promotion and progression stages through different mechanisms. It is well studied that selenium at lethal doses kill cancerous cells via induction of apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest [9-12]. Recently, it has been unveiled that selenium at low doses can activate an early barrier of tumorigenesis, namely, the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-dependent senescence [13], specifically in the non-cancerous MRC-5 cells but not in the cancerous HCT 116 cells [14]. Upon various types of stress, the ATM kinase is rapidly phosphorylated on Ser-1981 (pATM Ser-1981) and mediates multiple downstream pathways of DNA damage checkpoint and repair responses [15]. + +Chitosan (CS) is a linear, biodegradable polysaccharide rich in the exoskeleton of crustaceans. Chitosan nanoparticles are ideal carriers of bioactive and therapeutic compounds such as quercetin, venlafaxine hydrochloride and oligonucleotides [16]. Of note, the nature of positive charges in acidic solutions allows CS to target cells with negatively charged microenvironment, a feature intrinsic to some cancers. Conjugation of selenite or selenic group ($-SeO_3$) to CS has been shown to promote cell death in human sarcoma and leukemia + +Abbreviations: ATM, ataxia-telangiectasia mutated; MSeA, methylseleninic acid; MTT, 3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; NPC, Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial; pATM Ser-1981, phosphorylation of ATM on Ser-1981; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SELECT, Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial. +*Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 301 405 2940; fax: +1 301 314 3313. +E-mail address: whcheng@umd.edu (W.-H. Cheng). diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00049.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00049.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b65edffaadbcf8fc39a0da8a91dc15c7d1ba924b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00049.md @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +MINI-REVIEW + + + +## Old yellow enzymes: structures and structure-guided engineering for stereocomplementary bioreduction + +Qinghua Shi$^1$ · Huibin Wang$^2$ · Junling Liu$^3$ · Shang Li$^4$ · Jiyang Guo$^1$ · Hengyu Li$^1$ · Xian Jia$^5$ · Hua Huo$^6$ · Zhendong Zheng$^3$ · Song You$^1$ · Bin Qin$^4$ + +Received: 13 May 2020 /Revised: 7 August 2020 /Accepted: 17 August 2020 /Published online: 24 August 2020 + +© Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 + +## Abstract + +Since the first discovery of old yellow enzyme 1 (OYE1) from Saccharomyces pastorianus in 1932, biocatalytic asymmetric reduction of activated alkenes by OYEs has become a valuable reaction in organic synthesis. To access stereocomplementary C=C-bond bioreduction, the mining of novel OYEs and especially the protein engineering of existing OYEs have been performed, which successfully achieved the stereocomplementary reduction in several cases and further raise the potential of applications. In this review, we analyzed the structures, active sites, and substrate recognition of OYEs, which are the bases for their substrate specificity and stereospecificity. Sequence similarity network of OYEs superfamily was also constructed to investigate the scope of characterized OYEs. The structure-guided engineering to switch the stereoselectivity of OYEs and thus access stereocomplementary bioreduction over the last decade (2009–2020) was then reviewed and discussed, which might give new insights into the mining and engineering of related biocatalysts. + +## Key points + +• The sequence similarity network of OYEs superfamily was constructed and annotated. + +• The structures and active sites of OYEs from different classes were compared. + +• “Left/right” binding mode was used to explain the stereopreferences of OYEs. + +• Structure-guided engineering of OYEs to switch their stereoselectivity was reviewed. + +Keywords Biocatalysis · Old yellow enzymes · Protein engineering · Biocatalytic reduction · Stereopreference switch + +Qinghua Shi, Huibin Wang and Junling Liu contributed equally to this work. + +✉ Hua Huo + +HH_602@sina.com + +✉ Zhendong Zheng + +zhengzhdong@163.com + +✉ Song You + +yousong206@aliyun.com + +✉ Bin Qin + +to-qinbin@163.com + +$^1$ School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China + +$^2$ School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China + +$^{3}$ Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China + +$^{4}$ Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China + +$^5$ School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China + +$^{6}$ Department of Clinical Trials Management Agency, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00050.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00050.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..97948ebfec789268b06eda2a21b2a087407d9388 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00050.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ + + +Fig. 9 Stereoselectivity switch in thermophilic-like OYEs. Selected variants were shown + +these substrates with polar hydroxyl groups (3a and 15a-16a), which was the same as the stereoselectivity of OYE1 toward 3a and 4a, indicating the “left” binding mode. To reverse the stereoselectivity of YqjM, the binding modes of “static flip” and “rotational flip” were designed (Rüthlein et al. 2015). Their results showed that YqjM C26N/I69A variant exhibited diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00051.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00051.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c27b8b6490c3020dbb9e7487da3a859d00662ae5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00051.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ + + +Fig. 1. Experimental results of the direct tensile tests. + +Table 2 +Mechanical properties of UHPC and NSC. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
MaterialsCompressive strength (MPa)First cracking
strength (MPa)
Modulus of
elasticity(GPa)
N-U1458.143.2
H-U1649.346.3
N-U-O147.511.645.0
NSC51.0/34.8
+ +Note: H-U, N-U, N-U-O indicate moderate-temperature steam cured UHPC, normal-temperature cured UHPC, fiber-oriented UHPC, respectively. + +elastic modulus of 198.6 GPa. The yield strength of the steel wire mesh added in the UHPC layer was 275 MPa. + +## 2.2. Test specimens + +In the present study, thirteen identical RC beams were constructed and used for the evaluation of the flexural performance of RC beams strengthened with UHPC layer. One RC beam was used as a baseline without strengthening, while twelve RC beams were strengthened with the UHPC layer at the tensile side with various parameters. As shown in Fig. 2, the total length of the RC beam was 2300 mm, having a rectangular cross-section with a height of 300 mm and width of 200 mm. The RC beam was reinforced at the tensile side with three longitudinal ribbed steel bars with a diameter of 16 mm and a length of 2250 mm. On the contrary, two reinforcements with a diameter of 10 mm at the compressive side of the RC beam were used to support the stirrups. In order to avoid shear failure of the strengthened beams, the stirrups with a diameter of 10 mm was placed along the whole length of the RC beam. Specifically, the stirrups with a spacing of 100 mm were placed at pure bending region, while the spacing became 70 mm near the end of the RC beam. The UHPC layer, having a depth of 50 mm and a width of 200 mm was cast along the whole length of the tensile side of the RC beam. The UHPC layer was reinforced with one layer of steel reinforcement mesh with the longitudinal reinforcement spacing of 53 mm and the transverse reinforcement spacing of 150 mm. All reinforcements in the UHPC layer had a diameter of 10 mm. The diameter of additional steel wire mesh was 3 mm and the size of mesh hole was 25 mm × 25 mm. + +The details of the test beams with strengthening parameters are given in Table 3. One RC beam was used as a control beam labeled as I–C + + + +Fig. 2. Detailed scheme for the test specimen (unit: mm). diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00052.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00052.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..88e91af300b72c2abb7fe6144fa1860310bc9dc3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00052.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +$^1$School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China. $^2$Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, UK. $^3$H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. $^4$Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, China. $^5$School of Materials, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. $^6$International Center for Quantum Materials and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China. $^7$Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China. $^8$Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China. $^9$These authors contributed equally: Xiang Ding, Charles C. Tam, Xuelei Sui. ✉e-mail: wangqy@cdnu.edu.cn; bing.huang@csrc.ac.cn; kejin.zhou@diamond.ac.uk; liang.qiao@uestc.edu.cn + +Article + +## Critical role of hydrogen for superconductivity in nickelates + +https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05657-2 + +Received: 6 May 2022 + +Accepted: 14 December 2022 + +Published online: 1 March 2023 + +Check for updates + +Xiang Ding$^{1,9}$, Charles C. Tam$^{2,3,9}$, Xuelei Sui$^{4,9}$, Yan Zhao$^{1}$, Minghui Xu$^{1}$, Jaewon Choi$^{2}$, Huaqian Leng$^{1}$, Ji Zhang$^{5}$, Mei Wu$^{6}$, Haiyan Xiao$^{1}$, Xiaotao Zu$^{1}$, Mirian Garcia-Fernandez$^{2}$, Stefano Agrestini$^{2}$, Xiaoqiong Wu$^{7}$, Qingyuan Wang$^{7}$, Peng Gao$^{6}$, Sean Li$^{5}$, Bing Huang$^{4,8✉}$, Ke-Jin Zhou$^{2✉}$ & Liang Qiao$^{1✉}$ + +The newly discovered nickelate superconductors so far only exist in epitaxial thin films synthesized by a topotactic reaction with metal hydrides¹. This method changes the nickelates from the perovskite to an infinite-layer structure by deintercalation of apical oxygens¹⁻³. Such a chemical reaction may introduce hydrogen (H), influencing the physical properties of the end materials⁴⁻⁹. Unfortunately, H is insensitive to most characterization techniques and is difficult to detect because of its light weight. Here, in optimally Sr doped Nd₀.₈Sr₀.₂NiO₂H epitaxial films, secondary-ion mass spectroscopy shows abundant H existing in the form of Nd₀.₈Sr₀.₂NiO₂Hₓ (x ≅ 0.2–0.5). Zero resistivity is found within a very narrow H-doping window of 0.22 ≤ x ≤ 0.28, showing unequivocally the critical role of H in superconductivity. Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering demonstrates the existence of itinerant interstitial s (IS) orbitals originating from apical oxygen deintercalation. Density functional theory calculations show that electronegative H⁻ occupies the apical oxygen sites annihilating IIS orbitals, reducing the IIS–Ni 3d orbital hybridization. This leads the electronic structure of H-doped Nd₀.₈Sr₀.₂NiO₂Hₓ to be more two-dimensional-like, which might be relevant for the observed superconductivity. We highlight that H is an important ingredient for superconductivity in epitaxial infinite-layer nickelates. + +In 2019, Danfeng Li et al. reported unconventional superconductivity in infinite-layer Nd$_{0.8}$Sr$_{0.2}$NiO$_2$ films with a maximum superconducting temperature ($T_c$) of roughly 15 K. Although substantial progress has been achieved, such as the discovery of the hole-doped superconducting phase diagram$^{10,11}$, antiferromagnetic correlations$^{12–15}$, superconductivity in Nd$_4$Ni$_3$O$_{12}$ (ref. $^{16}$), charge density waves (CDW)$^{17–19}$ the field is still in its infancy. One of the key challenges lies in material synthesis as superconductivity so far exclusively happens in epitaxial films, and only a few groups worldwide can reproduce superconducting nickelates$^{1,2,10,11,16,18,20–22}$. Nickelates show strong similarities to cuprates in structure, electronic and magnetic correlations, which raises the question as to whether a similar pairing mechanism applies here and how high a $T_c$ could be achieved for nickelate superconductors. + +To realize the ultra-low valence Ni$^{1+}$ in nickelates, requires strong topotactic reduction, for example, through the metal-hydride CaH$_2$ agent$^{1–3}$, that, however, may introduce unintentional H doping. Identifying and overcoming the issue of H in materials are the key steps for both scientific research and industrial applications: for example, realizing nitride-based LEDs$^{23}$. Although some have considered the effect of H (refs. $^{24–26}$) in nickelate superconductors (Supplementary Note 1), it is (1) unclear whether H actually exists in the infinite-layer nickelate thin films? and (2) if so, what role does H play in superconductivity? + +## H identification and quantification + +To answer these questions, we designed a series of experiments to characterize the optimal 20% Sr-doped NdNiO₂ (Supplementary Note 2). Pulsed laser deposition was used to grow 15-nm-thick Nd₀.₈Sr₀.₂NiO₃ films epitaxially on a SrTiO₃(001) substrate (Methods and Extended Data Fig. 1)²⁷. As-grown Nd₀.₈Sr₀.₂NiO₃ films were reduced by CaH₂ at 300 °C under variable annealing times from 1 to 420 min (Methods). X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra indicate the films are fully transformed from the perovskite into the infinite-layer structure (Extended Data Fig. 2). Ultrasensitive secondary-ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) was used to characterize the elemental distributions²⁸. Figure 1a shows that H is clearly detected with a strong signal in the bulk of all films. Its intensity becomes two orders of magnitude higher than the background level of as-received and reduced (300 °C, 120 min) SrTiO₃ crystals (Supplementary Note 3). Figure 1b shows typical three-dimensional (3D) SIMS element maps of a reduced superconducting sample (Extended Data Fig. 3). For all infinite-layer nickelates, the H distribution shows traces of diffusion into the substrate. These results unambiguously demonstrate the existence of abundant H in the infinite-layer nickelate, forming Nd₀.₈Sr₀.₂NiO₂Hₓ. + +A pristine Nd$_{0.8}$Sr$_{0.2}$NiO$_3$ film also shows a notable H signal above the background level (Fig. 1a). The as-grown film was not treated by CaH$_2$ + +$^1$School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China. $^2$Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, UK. $^3$H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. $^4$Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, China. $^5$School of Materials, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. $^6$International Center for Quantum Materials and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China. $^7$Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China. $^8$Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China. $^9$These authors contributed equally: Xiang Ding, Charles C. Tam, Xuelei Sui. ✉e-mail: wangay@cdtu.edu.cn; bing.huang@csrc.ac.cn; kejin.zhou@diamond.ac.uk; liang.qiao@uestc.edu.cn \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00053.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00053.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ee886e3aa0b12cc9266553fcb8c599b0e9b765ce --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00053.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + +__Fig. 4 | Electronic structure of Nd$_{0.8}$Sr$_{0.2}$NiO$_2$H$_x$. a–c__, Band structures and DOS with orbital projections for Nd$_{0.8}$Sr$_{0.2}$NiO$_2$H$_x$ (x = 0 (__a__), 0.25 (__b__) and 0.5 (__c__)) (corresponding structures are shown in Extended Data Fig. 6). The solid (dashed) lines in DOS are for the 3d orbitals in the NiO$_4$ (NiO$_4$H$_2$) environment. The DOS of IIS is enlarged by five times for clarity. Note that the IIS state is fully suppressed in the NiO$_4$H$_2$ environment. The Fermi level is set to zero. d, Intracell hopping ($t_1$ (Ni 3d$_{x^2-y^2}$ →O 2p), $t_2$ (O 2p → IIS), $t_4$ (Ni 3d$_{z^2}$ → Nd 5d$_{z^2}$)) and intercell hopping ($t_3$ (Ni 3d$_{x^2-y^2}$ → IIS)) without (w/o, left) and with (w, right) the insertion of H in + Nd$_{0.5}$Sr$_{0.5}$NiO$_{3}$H$_{x}$. The weight of arrows represents the hopping strength, where the corresponding hopping energy $t$ and onsite energy difference $\Delta$ are listed in Extended Data Table 1. A full table of $t$ and $\Delta$ between more orbitals can be found in Supplementary Note 15. e, 3$d_{x^2-y^2}$–3$d_{z^2}$ orbital polarization as a function of H concentration. Details can be found in Supplementary Note 13. f, Schematic drawing of the competition between the average 3$d_{x^2-y^2}$–3$d_{z^2}$ orbital mixture ($I_{\text{OM}}$) and the average hopping $t_5$ as a function of H concentration x, leading to an optimized x region (green-shaded region) that is more quasi 2D like. + +deviate from what was observed in Sr-doped counterparts alluding to an extraordinary effect. + +Besides confirming the $3d^{9-\delta}$ ground state, RIXS shows the IIS excitation is present only in the superconducting sample. It is not fully clear why the IIS excitation is not present at other H dopings which deserves further study. However, for the under-doped case, it may not be impossible that the IIS excitation overlaps with $dd$ excitations because its central DOS are lower in energy intersecting Ni $3d_{x^2-y^2}$ band. For the over-doped sample, with more H doping, IIS bands shift up in energy and reduce their weight, which perhaps explains its negligible contribution. DFT calculations indicate that the total 3$d$ orbital filling is slightly changed, much less than expected according to the number of doped holes (Supplementary Notes 13). This seems at odds at first, however, the RIXS $dd$ excitations indeed signal a modest energy shift as a response to a partial doping into Ni 3$d$ bands. The increased hole-peak intensity in the O K-XAS upon H doping probably underlines the involvement of O 2$p$ orbitals in the hole-doping, similar to the case of La₄Ni₃O₈ trilayer nickelate³⁹. Further studies are needed and may renew the view that the infinite-layer nickelates predominantly bear Mott–Hubbard physics². + +Another small but important detail is the relevance of H doping to CDWs. In our RIXS spectra, no signs of CDWs show in any samples measured (Extended Data Fig. 7), consistent to the results in roughly 20% Sr-doped infinite-layer nickelates$^{17-19}$. The fact that CDWs progressively fade away with Sr doping in both LaNiO$_2$ and NdNiO$_2$, regardless of the different growth conditions$^{17-19}$, suggests that H doping, if it exists, may not be the precursor of CDWs. + +Finally, putting all the pieces together, we can draw a mechanism partially responsible for the H-doping phase diagram. Starting from the non-doped $Nd_{0.8}Sr_{0.2}NiO_2H_x$ ($x=0$), electron-like bands dominate with sizeable interlayer hopping and hybridization among IIS, O $2p$. Nd $5d$ and Ni $3d_{x^2-y^2}$ orbitals that lead to more 3D-like electronic structure. H doping blocks the interlayer hopping related to IIS orbitals rendering the electronic structure to be more quasi two-dimensional (2D)-like (Fig. 4d). On further H doping, the local crystal field and strong orbital coupling re-adjust the Ni $3d$ states such that the $3d_{x^2-y^2} - 3d_{z^2}$ orbital polarization (OP), defined as $\Delta_{OP} = (n_{3d_{x^2-y^2}} - n_{3d_{z^2}})/(n_{3d_{x^2-y^2}} + n_{3d_{z^2}})$, becomes less (Fig. 4e and Supplementary Note 13), that is, the Ni $3d$ orbital mixing (OM) ($I_{OM} = 1 - \Delta_{OP}$) becomes larger. The increased orbital mixing transforms again the electronic structure of the NiO$_2$ planes back to more 3D-like. The middle region (Fig. 4f) with the optimal H doping is filled by the most 2D-like electronic structure that mimics the situation in cuprates and may facilitate superconductivity$^{40}$. Note that the charge inhomogeneity of $3d_{x^2-y^2}$ orbitals between NiO$_4$ and NiO$_4$H$_2$ environments (Supplementary Note 13) might be detrimental to superconductivity and lead to inhomogeneous superconductivity, which is another important issue for future clarification. + +We highlight that the perceived picture certainly has shortcomings as DFT cannot fully capture correlation effects, which is essential for nickelate superconductors$^{8,13–15}$. Also, real materials are much more complex in which defects, strain and domain walls are at play that are not considered in our model. Nevertheless, our study serves as a survey of hydrogen doping effect in infinite-layer nickelates produced by topotactic reduction. An immediate next question would be, can superconductivity still be realized in these nickel oxide compounds without hydrogen or only with H doping? + +## Online content + +Any methods, additional references, Nature Portfolio reporting summaries, source data, extended data, supplementary information, acknowledgements, peer review information; details of author contributions \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00054.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00054.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a461943174328a4d40f3e78ea492664825247b5b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00054.md @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +## On Querying Historical K-Cores + +Michael Yu +University of New South Wales +Australia +mryu@cse.unsw.edu.au + +Ying Zhang +AAII, University of Technology +Sydney +Australia +ying.zhang@uts.edu.au + +Dong Wen* +AAII, University of Technology +Sydney +Australia +dong.wen@uts.edu.au + +Wenjie Zhang +University of New South Wales +Australia +zhangw@cse.unsw.edu.au + +Lu Qin +AAII, University of Technology +Sydney +Australia +lu.qin@uts.edu.au + +Xuemin Lin +University of New South Wales +Australia +lxue@cse.unsw.edu.au + +## ABSTRACT + +Many real-world relationships between entities can be modeled as temporal graphs, where each edge is associated with a timestamp or a time interval representing its occurrence. $K$-core is a fundamental model used to capture cohesive subgraphs in a simple graph and have drawn much research attention over the last decade. Despite widespread research, none of the existing works support the efficient querying of historical $k$-cores in temporal graphs. In this paper, given an integer $k$ and a time window, we study the problem of computing all $k$-cores in the graph snapshot over the time window. We propose an index-based solution and several pruning strategies to reduce the index size. We also design a novel algorithm to construct this index, whose running time is linear to the final index size. Lastly, we conducted extensive experiments on several real-world temporal graphs to show the high effectiveness of our index-based solution. + +PVLDB Reference Format: + +Michael Yu, Dong Wen, Lu Qin, Ying Zhang, Wenjie Zhang, and Xuemin Lin. On Querying Historical K-Cores. PVLDB, 14(11): 2033 - 2045, 2021. doi:10.14778/3476249.3476260 + +## 1 INTRODUCTION + +The $k$-core is a fundamental cohesive subgraph model and has attracted a great amount of research interest over the last decade [7, 16, 23, 32]. Given a graph $G$, a $k$-core is a maximal connected subgraph of $G$ in which every vertex has a degree of at least $k$. The $k$-core model has a broad spectrum of real-world applications, such as network visualization [2], community detection [8, 20], and system structure analysis [35]. Given an integer $k$, all $k$-cores of a graph $G$ can be computed in $O(m)$ time where $m$ represents the number of edges in $G$. Due to the linear computability, many works use finding $k$-cores as a means to prune search space before computing their respective complicated models [3, 5, 6, 31]. + + + +Figure 1: The temporal graph $\mathcal{G}$. + +Many real-world graphs evolve over time and are naturally organized as temporal graphs in which each edge is associated with a timestamp. Figure 1 presents an example of a temporal graph. The value on each edge represents the occurring time. Given a time window, we can derive a graph snapshot over the window by taking edges inside the window and merging multiple edges with same endpoints but different timestamps into a single unlabeled edge in the snapshot. Existing works on computing $k$-cores can be roughly categorized into two types. The first type computes $k$-cores for all possible values of $k$ (a.k.a. core decomposition) in a simple graph [7, 16, 32], which can be a snapshot of a temporal graph for any specific duration. The second type studies algorithms t update $k$-cores when the time window changes and the corresponding simple graph updates [21, 26, 36]. Given that graph snapshots may vary considerably from one time window to the other, we naturally wonder “what was the $k$-core of the snapshot for a particular period?”. Unfortunately none of the existing research covers this question. The problem of efficiently answering queries for a graph snapshot of a specific time window is called historical graph queries [17, 18, 25, 28–30]. In this paper, we study the problem of querying historical $k$-cores. Specifically, given a temporal graph, an arbitrary time window (a start time and an end time) and an integer $k$, we aim to design an index that allows for the efficient retrieval of all $k$-cores in the graph snapshot for the query time window. + +Application. We provide several applications as follows. + +Inherent $k$-Core Applications. Based on applications of the $k$-core model, the historical $k$-core problem can be intrinsically applied to many scenarios. For example, assume that we were to study research communities from different periods of a collaboration network (e.g. DBLP, where each edge is associated with a timestamp representing the co-authorship of two researchers). Given that + +*DongWen is the corresponding author. +This work is licensed under the Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 International License. Visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ to view a copy of this license. For any use beyond those covered by this license, obtain permission by emailing info@vldb.org. Copyright is held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to the VLDB Endowment. +Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, Vol. 14, No. 11 ISSN 2150-8097. doi:10.14778/3476249.3476260 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00055.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00055.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d5d5483ae204bd65716a76dc40555bed7d5dac55 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00055.md @@ -0,0 +1,248 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Nomenclature
AcCross-sectional area of the reactor, m²SEntropy, kJ/(kg·K)
aiActivities, where i indicates species, NH₃, N₂, or H₂TTemperature, °C
BgFlow permeabilityxAxial coordinate, m
BWRBack work ratioGreek letters
BoSBalance of SystemεEmissivity of the reactor
CConcentration ratioηEfficiency
CCHPCapital cost of hydrogen productionσStefan-Boltzmann constant (W/m²·K⁴)
cpSpecific heat of gas, J/(kg·K)γPre-exponential factor
dCell thickness, µmξElectrode tortuosity
DDiameter, mSubscripts
DeffH₂OEffective diffusion coefficientaadiabatic
EPractical cell potential, Vananode
E₀Reversible potential, Vactactivation
EaActivation energy, J/molambambient
fNH3Ammonia mass fractionccharging
FFaraday’s constant, C/molcacathode
GGibbs free energy, kJ/kgconconcentration
hSpecific enthalpy, kJ/kgCcompressor
ΔHrHeat of reaction, kJ/kgddischarging
ISolar irradiation, kWeendothermic
JCurrent density, A/m²enenergy
J₀Exchange current density, A/m²expexperimental
k₀Pre-exponential constant, kg/(m³·s)eqequilibrium
KaAdsorption equilibrium constant,elecelectrolysis
KeqEquilibrium constantgreacting gas mixture
LReactor length(m); Electrolyte thickness, µmhheat exchanger
LHVLow heat value, J/kgheatheat
Mass flow rate, kg/sininlet
nElectrode porositymmodel
pPressure, (Pa)netnet
piPartial pressure, where i indicates species, NH₃, N₂, or H₂, Paoouter
p₀Standard state pressure, 1 atmoutoutlet
PPower, Wohmohmic
PeReactor perimeter, mrefreference
q″Heat flux, W/(m²)ssupercritical CO₂ (sCO₂)
QHeat rate, kWststorage
r‴Reaction rate, kg/(m³·s)sunsun
RUniversal gas constant, J/(mol·K)STHsolar to hydrogen
SOECSolid oxide electrolytic cellTturbine
wwall
+ +storage medium is considered as a mature technology installed in commercial concentrating solar power plants, e.g., Gemasolar, Andasol-1 and PS10 solar power plants [17,18]. The latent thermal energy storage (LTES) utilizes the latent heat involved in a phase change, which can achieve a higher energy density than the STES. But LTES is limited by the complex and insufficient heat transfer processes and narrow operating temperature ranges [19]. The thermochemical energy storage (TCES), based on reversible chemical reactions, has a higher energy storage density [3,20]. Moreover, TCES, taking the advantage of the adjustable chemical equilibrium, can be operated as a chemical heat pump to upgrade solar heat absorbed to a higher temperature reaction heat. Therefore, solar TCES has the potential to incorporate with both HTE and advanced power cycles, e.g., sCO₂ Brayton cycle operating at 700 °C, to produce H₂ with a relatively low concentration ratio and cost. There are lots of reactions being investigated for TCES, which can be commonly classified into gas – solid reactions and gas – gas reactions. The most prominent gas – solid reactions are hydrides, hydroxides, carbonates, and oxides, while the methane reforming and the ammonia decomposition/synthesis are the most widely studied gas–gas reactions [21]. There are two metallic hydrides have been studied for + +thermochemical energy storage, i.e., CaH$_2$ [22], MgH$_2$ [23]. Among the metallic hydrides mentioned, MgH$_2$ is with better reversibility of the reaction, while it has a drawback of slow reaction kinetics. Hydroxides including MgO/Mg(OH)$_2$ [24] and CaO/Ca(OH)$_2$ [20] do not only have high energy densities but also have low operating pressures ~ 1 bar. But the hydroxides are generally with poor reversibility and heat transfer. The carbonates reactions including PbO/PbCO$_3$ [25] and CaO/CaCO$_3$ [26], can operate at higher temperatures. But the agglomeration of the reactants and CO$_2$ storage are two challenges that have not been overcome yet. For metal oxides, Co$_3$O$_4$/CoO [27] is superior in terms of reaction enthalpy and reversibility. Nevertheless, cost of the reactants and insufficient mass transfer are two main limitations for large-scale applications. Basically, the gas – solid reactions commonly share the drawbacks of the limited reaction kinetics, cyclability and the heat transfer. Methane reforming reactions with H$_2$O/CO$_2$ have high energy densities and operating temperatures [28]. However, both reforming reactions are accompanied by an undesired side reaction, i.e., water gas shift (WGS) reaction. Additionally, the expensive noble metal catalysts are required for the reactions, which might affect the techno-economic viability. The ammonia decomposition/synthesis, as the most mature + diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00056.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00056.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c331c8548c59f72163e6a50b04f58bccfd001cd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00056.md @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +TABLE VII +PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF THE PROPOSED METHOD ON THE KITTI DATASET ACCORDING TO THE CHANGE OF THE BACKBONE ENCODER + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
ArchitecturesParamsSpeed(fps)$δ<1.25$$δ<1.25^{2}$$δ<1.25^{3}$Abs RelSq RelRMSERMSE log
Higher value is betterLower value is better
MobileNetV2 [49]15.7M38.60.9410.9900.9980.0720.2842.7600.109
VGG19 [30]23.9M34.10.9500.9920.9980.0660.2422.6190.098
InceptionV3 [50]17.7M36.70.9550.9930.9990.0630.2322.5630.095
ResNet-101[31]43.1M35.60.9580.9930.9990.0630.2252.4940.094
DenseNet-161 [32]33.5M33.80.9630.9940.9990.0600.2212.4760.092
ResNext-101 [33]73.5M32.10.9640.9940.9990.0590.2122.4460.091
+ +by 10M and 18M, respectively, compared to the five-level pyramid whereas the performance improvement is minimal. In addition, variants of the convolution block are tested and the corresponding results are shown in Fig. 10 and Table V. By applying weight standardization to the pre-activation convolution block, the decoding process is significantly improved in terms of loss convergence as well as the estimation accuracy. We can see that the improvement for the flow of gradients is important to correctly predict the depth residual, which is quite sparse (see the Table V). Specifically, the training loss of the proposed Laplacian pyramid-based decoder is stably converged without significant oscillations by using our convolution block (i.e., pre-activation + weight standardization) as shown in Fig. 10. Moreover, the test loss as well as the test accuracy are also converged in a similar trend with the training phase as shown in Fig. 11. Note that the test accuracy is measured for the case of “$\delta < 1.25$”, which is used in the quantitative evaluation for the KITTI dataset. We also conducted various benchmark experiments by changing backbone encoders with six mainstream frameworks (i.e., MobileNetV2, VGG19, InceptionV3, ResNet-101, DenseNet-161, and ResNext-101) while other settings remained, and the corresponding results are shown in Table VII. As can be seen, the proposed decoder shows reliable results regardless of the encoder structure. In particular, the MobileNetV2-based model shows only 2.4% drop for the accuracy “$\delta < 1.25$” whereas it contains 20% number of parameters and shows 6 fps speed-up compared to the model based on the ResNext-101. The parameter size of the proposed decoder is determined about 15M, thus it can be widely applied to various backbone encoders. Lastly, the performance analysis is conducted according to changes of the network architecture in terms of pyramid types. The decoder based on the Gaussian pyramid attempts to restore the layouts of the depth map at each corresponding scale. This shows a better performance than the case where the decoder simply generates the final depth map at the original scale without using the pyramid structure. However, this structure lacks the ability to connect the high-frequency information between scale spaces. The feature pyramid network (FPN) [48]-based decoder contributes to more precise prediction of depth values by extracting feature maps which include both semantically strong features and low-level features. Although the FPN-based decoder improves the prediction performance compared to the Gaussian-based approach, it still does not reflect the scale variance due to the absence of the direct connectivity between the scale spaces of the depth map. Different from + + + +Fig. 10. Comparison of loss convergence according to various settings of the convolution block in the proposed decoder (best view in colors). + + + + + +Fig. 11. Convergence of the test loss and accuracy according to various settings of the convolution block in the proposed decoder (best view in colors). + +those methods, the proposed decoder generates depth residuals at each level of the Laplacian pyramid and exploits the difference across the scale spaces, which is highly relevant to object boundaries. As a result, the proposed method outperforms other approaches based on different pyramid structures as shown in Table VI. Consequentially, experimental results show that the proposed Laplacian pyramid-based depth residuals paves the way for monocular depth estimation. + +## V. CONCLUSION + +A novel method for depth estimation from a single monocular image has been proposed in this paper. The key idea of the proposed method is to decompose the decoding process by exploiting the Laplacian pyramid for fully utilizing underlying properties of well-encoded features. Furthermore, to make \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00057.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00057.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6a1daae03851f688f39afaa7287d046ce8384d3c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00057.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +The Consortium web-site ${}^{1}$ contains the OpenFlow Switch Specification, a list of consortium members, and reference implementations of OpenFlow switches. + +Licensing Model: The OpenFlow Switch Specification is free for all commercial and non-commercial use. (The exact wording is on the web-site.) Commercial switches and routers claiming to be “OpenFlow-enabled” must conform to the requirements of an OpenFlow Type 0 Switch, as defined in the OpenFlow Switch Specification. OpenFlow is a trademark of Stanford University, and will be protected on behalf of the Consortium. + +## 5. DEPLOYING OPENFLOW SWITCHES + +We believe there is an interesting market opportunity for network equipment vendors to sell OpenFlow-enabled switches to the research community. Every building in thousands of colleges and universities contains wiring closets with Ethernet switches and routers, and with wireless access points spread across campus. + +We are actively working with several switch and router manufacturers who are adding the OpenFlow feature to their products by implementing a Flow Table in existing hardware; i.e. no hardware change is needed. The switches run the Secure Channel software on their existing processor. + +We have found network equipment vendors to be very open to the idea of adding the OpenFlow feature. Most vendors would like to support the research community without having to expose the internal workings of their products. + +We are deploying large OpenFlow networks in the Computer Science and Electrical Engineering departments at Stanford University. The networks in two buildings will be replaced by switches running OpenFlow. Eventually, all traffic will run over the OpenFlow network, with production traffic and experimental traffic being isolated on different VLANs under the control of network administrators. Researchers will control their own traffic, and be able to add/remove flow-entries. + +We also expect many different OpenFlow Switches to be developed by the research community. The OpenFlow website contains “Type 0” reference designs for several different platforms: Linux (software), OpenWRT (software, for access points), and NetFPGA (hardware, 4-ports of 1GE). As more reference designs are created by the community we will post them. We encourage developers to test their switches against the reference designs. + +All reference implementations of OpenFlow switches posted on the web site will be open-source and free for commercial and non-commercial use.$^{2}$ + +## 6. CONCLUSION + +We believe that OpenFlow is a pragmatic compromise that allows researchers to run experiments on heterogeneous switches and routers in a uniform way, without the need for vendors to expose the internal workings of their products, or researchers to write vendor-specific control software. + +If we are successful in deploying OpenFlow networks in our campusses, we hope that OpenFlow will gradually catch-on in other universities, increasing the number of networks that support experiments. We hope that a new generation of control software emerges, allowing researchers to re-use controllers and experiments, and build on the work of others. And over time, we hope that the islands of OpenFlow networks at different universities will be interconnected by tunnels and overlay networks, and perhaps by new OpenFlow networks running in the backbone networks that connect universities to each other. + +## 7. REFERENCES + +[1] Global Environment for Network Innovations. Web site http://geni.net. + +[2] Mark Handley Orion Hodson Eddie Kohler. “XORP: An Open Platform for Network Research,” ACM SIGCOMM Hot Topics in Networking, 2002. + +[3] Eddie Kohler, Robert Morris, Benjie Chen, John Jannotti, and M. Frans Kaashoek. “The Click modular router,” ACM Transactions on Computer Systems 18(3), August 2000, pages 263-297. + +[4] J. Turner, P. Crowley, J. Dehart, A. Freestone, B. Heller, F. Kuhms, S. Kumar, J. Lockwood, J. Lu, M. Wilson, C. Wiseman, D. Zar. “Supercharging PlanetLab - High Performance, Multi-Application, Overlay Network Platform,” ACM SIGCOMM ’07, August 2007, Kyoto, Japan. + +[5] NetFPGA: Programmable Networking Hardware. Web site http://netfpga.org. + +[6] The OpenFlow Switch Specification. Available at http://OpenFlowSwitch.org. + +[7] Martin Casado, Michael J. Freedman, Justin Pettit, Jianying Luo, Nick McKeown, Scott Shenker. “Ethane: Taking Control of the Enterprise,” ACM SIGCOMM ’07, August 2007, Kyoto, Japan. + +[8] Natasha Gude, Teemu Koponen, Justin Pettit, Ben Pfaff, Martin Casado, Nick McKeown, Scott Shenker, “NOX: Towards an Operating System for Networks,” + In submission. Also: http://nicira.com/docs/nox-nodis.pdf. + +$^{1}$http://www.OpenFlowSwitch.org +$^{2}$Some platforms may limit the license terms of software running on them. For example, a reference implementation on Linux may be limited by the Linux GPL. diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00058.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00058.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0f27a93bd5d36b15a6d55d1b246ff18920fa1da1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00058.md @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +## 区块链技术在企业财务舞弊治理中的应用 + +## ——以 ST 抚钢财务舞弊案为例 + +陈 矜,许一帆 + +(安徽财经大学 会计学院,安徽 蚌埠 233000) + +摘 要:随着市场经济的不断发展,企业财务舞弊事件频频发生,屡禁不止。企业财务舞弊的主要原因是因为利益驱动,同时由于公司组织架构不完善,管理层与股东层的信息不对称,证券市场的制度不完善以及注册会计师审计难以做到完全的公正性等原因所致。区块链技术则以“去中心化”“加密技术”“共识机制”“分布式记账”“数据不可篡改”等特点,在防止企业财务舞弊过程中可以起关键性作用。本文主要以ST抚钢财务舞弊事件为例,讨论区块链技术架构在防范企业财务舞弊上的相关应用,为防范企业财务舞弊提出相关的可行性建议。 + +关键词:区块链;财务舞弊;ST 抚钢;分布式记账;去中心化 + +中图分类号:F239 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1674-327X (2020)06-0034-04 + +## 一、引言 + +区块链技术和加密货币在 2016 年和 2017 年开始引起媒体和大众的关注,2018 年与“区块链概念”相关的股票价格也随之不断升高。同时国家也发布有关区块链技术相关的政府文件,例如 2018 年工信部发布了《2018 年中国区块链产业白皮书》和《工业互联网发展行动计划(2018—2020 年)》,鼓励企业运用区块链等新兴前沿科技,加强企业运营,提高企业管理。区块链技术以及加密货币在金融、会计领域的应用将会是一场革命性的运动,它将建立和存在的对等支付和通信系统的思想联系起来。会计、金融等企业的专业人员的工作也将会主要集中在信息的验证以及财务相关信息的确认。 + +## 二、ST 抚钢财务舞弊案分析 + +## (一)舞弊事件经过 + +2018 年 3 月 ST 抚钢因涉嫌信息披露违规被证监会立案调查,12 月,就 ST 抚钢在 2010—2017 年间,对部分年份的存货余额、固定资产余额、固定资产折旧、在建工程余额、主营业务成本、利润总额等数据的事实发布了《行政处罚决定书》。调查期间,ST 抚钢股价发生巨大波动,连续 18 个跌停。 + +调查期间发现,ST抚钢在2010—2017年间累计虚增存货近19.89亿元,少结转主营业务成本约19.89亿元,并累计虚增利润总额约19亿元。 + +表 1 2015—2017 相关科目总额(单位:万元) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
营业收入总资产净利润存货
2015 年455769.321137626.975181.6923911.06
2016 年467755.521057592.74-4410.2023673.24
2017 年498430.50956585.50-133758.5311862.61
+ +## (二)ST 抚钢财务舞弊主要手段 + +1. 虚增存货 + +虚增存货数量。2010—2016 年间,ST 抚钢通过对原始凭证、记账凭证的伪造和变造以及对成本核算、物供、财务数据系统的修改,调整存货中“返回钢”的数量,对期末存货数量进行虚增。 + + + +图1 虚增存货数总额 + +收稿日期:2020-03-08 + +基金项目:安徽省深化预算执行审计研究(AHSKZK2019D07) + +作者简介:陈矜(1971-),女,安徽灵璧人,教授。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00059.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00059.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f2e83ad47c81e3839b03cb5e5ccc549f6827f522 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00059.md @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +表6 在 3 种模拟条件下 NO 排放对比数据 + +
低压模化条件低压1 /3 尺寸模化条件全压条件
最大体积分数/10-6
(@15O2)
37.7612.14143.6
平均体积分数/10-6
(@15O2)
24.938.0778.54
+ +从表中可见,压力的变化对燃烧室的 NO 排放产生了显著影响,由于压力的变化引起燃烧室内的温度分布变化,进而导致燃烧室内快速型 NO 源分布的差别以及燃烧室内 NO 的生成速率发生巨大变化。此外,在低压模化条件下,燃烧室尺寸的减小引起了高温区范围的减小,从而引起 NO 排放的降低。 + +由于低压模化条件是通过相似原理确定的,空气/燃料流速、空气温度均与全压条件下保持一致,所以只有压力的影响需要考虑。为了进一步评估在低压模化条件和全压条件下$\text{NO}_x$排放计算结果的差异,引入“压力指数”的概念,通常,压力对于$\text{NO}_x$排放的影响可以表达为$^{[12]}$ + +$$\frac{(NO_x)_1}{(NO_x)_0} = (\frac{P_1}{P_0})^n \tag{11}$$ + +式中:下标1为全压条件;下标0为低压条件;上标n为压力指数。 + +计算得到 n=0.5476。压力指数实际指导意义在于,通过测得在低压模化条件下的 $\text{NO}_{x}$ 排放值后,就可通过压力指数求得在全压条件下的 $\text{N}O_{x}$ 排放值。文献[13]中使用类似的带轴向旋流器的扩散燃烧器对压力指数进行了试验研究,测得在相同当量比条件下压力指数 $n \approx 0.55$,表明上述压力指数的计算具有一定的参考性。 + +## 3 结论 + +在低压模化以及低压1/3尺寸模化条件下对燃气轮机天然气燃烧室分别进行了数值模拟计算,并与在全压条件下的燃烧室进行对比分析,获得了在模化条件下燃烧室流场分布、温度分布、燃烧效率、总压损失、$\text{NO}_x$排放等变化规律,主要结论如下: + +(1)获得了燃烧室在低压模化条件下的流场分布,其对于燃烧室在实际工作条件下的流场结构具有一定的预测作用; + +(2)获得了燃烧室在低压模化条件下火焰筒壁温、 + +燃烧室出口温度等的分布情况,其较燃烧室的实际工作情况存在一定差异; + +(3)由于压力的变化对于燃烧过程的影响,在低压模化条件下燃烧室的燃烧效率、总压损失均比实际工作时低; + +(4)初步获得了该燃烧室的“压力指数”,从而可以定性考察由于压力的变化引起燃烧室内的温度分布的变化,进而造成NO排放差异; + +(5)由于在低压条件下尺寸的模化可能进一步引起问题复杂化,如缩尺寸引起的燃烧室温度分布、高温区分布的变化,建议在低压试验或常压试验过程中不优先考虑采用缩尺寸或尺寸模化的方法。 + +## 参考文献: + +[1] 郭伯伟. 关于燃烧室装置模化的准则 [J]. 工业炉, 1986(2): 2-9. +GUO Bowei. Rules for modeling of combustion chamber [J]. Industrial Furnace, 1986(2): 2-9. (in Chinese) + +[2] 焦树建. 燃气轮机燃烧室 [M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,1981: 301-318. +JIAO Shujian. Gas turbine combustor [M]. Beijing: China Machine Press, 1981: 301-318. (in Chinese) + +[3] 田学清. 燃气轮机燃烧室模化准则的数值模拟研究 [D]. 北京: 中国科学院工程热物理研究所, 2004. +TIAN Xueqing. Numerical simulation study on modeling standard of gas turbine combustor [D]. Beijing: Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2004. (in Chinese) + +[4] 陈丹之. 低速燃烧系统的稳态工况的模化准则 [J]. 工程热物理学报, 1980, 1(4): 401-407. +CHEN Danzhi. The modeling rules of steady performance of combustion systems at low flow Mach Number [J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 1980, 1(4): 401-407. (in Chinese) + +[5] 陈丹之. 燃烧系统的相似理论与模化法则 [J]. 西安交通大学学报, 1968(4): 71-86. +CHEN Danzhi. Similarity theory and modeling principle of combustion system [J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 1968(4): 71-86. (in Chinese) + +[6] 焦树建. 原型燃烧室的低压模拟试验[J]. 燃气轮机技术, 1995, 8(4): 36-43. +JIAO Shujian. Low pressure test of a prototype combustor[J]. Gas Turbine Technology, 1995, 8(4): 36-43. (in Chinese) + +[7] 4000 马力燃气轮机车联合设计组. 4000 马力燃气轮机车燃烧室的调整试验[J]. 工程热物理学报, 1980, 1(2): 195-203. +The Combined Group for Designing a 4000 HP Gas Turbine. An adjusting test of a gas turbine combustion chamber used in a 4000 HP locomotive [J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 1980, 1(2): \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00060.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00060.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..12903f0fb6edcdcc7da086eef47caa41a8c718f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00060.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# 微型发动机温度限制保护闭环控制设计方法 + +缪柯强$^{1,2}$,王曦$^{1,2}$ + +(1. 北京航空航天大学 能源与动力工程学院, 2. 先进航空发动机协同创新中心: 北京 100191) + +摘要:针对微型涡喷发动机转子转速闭环设计的控制结构中涡轮出口温度对燃油供给率变化敏感的问题,尤其在快速推油门杆时可能会超温,提出了1种带涡轮出口温度限制保护的闭环限制控制器的设计方法。该方法采用了双回路的闭环结构方式,并采用控制参数相似变换的增益调度增量式PI控制方法,实现了稳态/过渡态的发动机转速、温度闭环控制,所述算法在Simulink环境下进行了地面和高空的仿真验证。结果表明:控制系统在保证转子转速伺服跟踪性能的要求下还具有温度保护功能。 + +关键词:微型涡喷发动机;超温保护;增益调度;伺服跟踪 + +中图分类号:V257 文献标识码:A doi:10.13477/j.cnki.aeroengine.2017.03.010 + +## Design Method of Close Loop Controller with Temperature Limitation Protection for Micro Gas Turbine Engines + +MIAO Ke-qiang$^{1,2}$, WANG Xi$^{1,2}$ + +(1. School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, 2. Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Aero-Engine: Beijing 100191, China) + +Abstract: In order to solve the problem that the turbine outlet temperature is sensitive to the change of fuel flow in the close-loop designed rotor speed control structure of micro gas turbine engines, especially pushing the throttle lever quickly, a method in designing the close-loop controller with turbine outlet temperature protection was presented. Dual circuit close-loop structure was adopted in this method. The gain-scheduled incremental PI control law with corrected control parameters was used. Set-point and transient close-loop control was realized in the rotor speed and temperature protection loop. The algorithm above was simulated in the standard sea level and high altitude environment in the Simulink platform. The result proves that the designed control system has the ability of rotor speed servo tracking and temperature protection at the same time. + +Key words: micro gas turbine engine; over-temperature protection; gain-schedule; servo tracking + +## 0 引言 + +微型涡喷发动机是1个复杂的气动热力机械,转速可高达每分钟十几万转、涡轮前温度为1100~1200℃,其非线性特性随飞行高度、飞行马赫数的不同而剧烈变化。发动机转速、温度等必须工作在设计安全限制条件内,发动机控制器在设计阶段就必须考虑这一问题,这就要求不仅应对转速闭环回路的鲁棒伺服跟踪性能进行设计,也应同时对温度的安全保护限制进行设计。中国对微小型发动机的研究起步较晚$^{[1]}$,目前虽然实现了全自动控制$^{[2]}$,但是常规的安全保护限制设计采用极值超限判断的硬切油的方式以达到保护涡轮温度不超温的目的。这种简单的保护设计往往因切油规律不合适而引发转速闭环系统的转速摆动,甚至产生燃烧不稳定等问题$^{[3]}$。 + +此外,在新型微型涡喷发动机研制开发阶段,在初步设计过程中很难避免存在漏洞和缺陷,控制系统的设计是否合理、完善,尚需经过发动机整机试验和高空研制才能评估。新研制开发的高性能发动机在试验之前如存在设计缺陷,直接进行系统试验可能会带来风险。因此,必须考虑到如何在设计研制阶段最大限度地降低这种风险。微型涡喷发动机控制系统的数 + +收稿日期:2016-11-27 基金项目:航空动力基础研究项目资助 + +作者简介:缪柯强(1993),男,在读硕士研究生,主要研究方向为航空发动机控制;E-mail: kqmiao@buaa.edu.cn。 + +引用格式:缪柯强,王曦.微型发动机温度限制保护闭环控制设计方法[J].航空发动机,2017,43(3):50-55.MIAO Keqiang, WANG Xi. Design method of close loop controller with temperature limitation protection for micro gas turbine engines[J]. Aeroengine, 2017, 43(3): 50-55. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00061.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00061.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..93237c639ac00578b1b1769b81731acf1bc02a0e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00061.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +断法》(以下简称《反垄断法》)纳入“鼓励创新”的价值目标,选择新的反垄断周期,通过竞争政策和产业政策的双向融合以实现颠覆式创新,为《反垄断法》在新经济、新业态以及知识产权竞争中的适用提供充分的价值基础$^①$。 + +## 3. 国外:中国方案与中国技术 + +自身过硬的数字技术实力是取得数字服务贸易出口优势的前提,但数字服务“走出去”同样离不开世界的认可与接受$^②$,因此需要向世界提供中国方案与中国技术。 + +一方面,以“一带一路”倡议为模板,为数字贸易新规则提供中国方案。在中美贸易战期间,美国将长期且强硬地利用金融制裁、技术管制等手段对我国的新型科技产业、企业采取定点和局部打击。为应对此类霸权行径,需要我国主动成为多边数字贸易治理体系的推动者和建设者,积极参与数字贸易领域多边规则的协商,制定有利于我国科技企业跨境输出数字服务的国际规则。受制于经济贸易的历史积累以及数字技术的发达程度,“一带一路”倡议中的沿线国家与我国针对数字贸易规则的诉求较为一致,与欧美国家相比,我国与沿线国家的双边数字贸易规则谈判更易于达成一致,因此,可以优先依托“一带一路”倡议的“中式模板”,向“一带一路”沿线国家提供数字服务贸易的中国方案,建立能够实现“双赢”的纠纷解决机制和数字贸易合作机制。 + +另一方面,弥补“一带一路”沿线国家的“数字鸿沟”,向世界提供中国技术。“一带一路”倡议下,开展海外投资的中国企业越来越多,随着对沿线国家投资规模的不断扩大,越来越多的企业加入“走出去”的队伍$^③$。根据商务部数据显示,中国目前是120多个国家和地区的最大贸易伙伴,进口占全球比重约为11%,对广阔的中国国内市场,海内外企业长期看好$^④$。应当坚持发展导向,利用我国丰富的数字经济发展经验,帮助“一带一路”沿线国家改进和完善大数据、云计算、移动支付、区块链等数字经济基础设施$^⑤$,与沿线国家共享数字技术与贸易红利服务。同时,“一带一路”沿线国家人流、物流、资金流、信息流往来更为频繁,相互依存度持续提升。伦敦、法兰克福、新加坡市等“一带一路”沿线城市正在为拓展离岸人民币金融中心展开竞争,沿线国家的进出口企业也普遍欢迎人民币作为结算货币$^⑥$。因此,为满足国内外经济贸易“双循环”的要求,正如美元对于大宗商品跨境交易的锚定,主权货币往往需要对具体商品贸易进行锚定,数字人民币应当着眼于新型数字生产力,与中国企业的全球化趋势构成相互促进的良性循环。 + +此外,建立自主可控的跨境支付清算枢纽,掌握跨境支付数据要素的主导权,增强国际金融标准领域的话语权。数字经济平台作为新型基础设施,不仅能够提升国内科技实力,还能够通过跨境支付业务的全球拓展实现合法数据资源的竞争优势。因此,可以采用激励政策等途径推进阿里巴巴、腾讯、字节跳动等科技企业的国际布局。在数字服务贸易出口的整体布局过程中,亟需一套以人民币为中心,针对新型数据贸易的定价机制,把握跨境支付数据取得与流量数据价值定位的主动权$^⑦$。这一具体制度的落实可以选择以数据为核心的“共票”理论作为指导机制,从更高维度的数据出发,应对数字美元霸权,赋能数据开放共享、跨境支付$^⑧$,助力数字服务贸易出口优势地位的获得。 + +## (二)锁定流量入口:数字人民币的优势取得 + +由于流量入口会对数字货币的推广产生巨大影响,因此,为取得数字人民币的跨境流动优势,需要注重国内科技企业对国际领域流量入口的锁定。 + +①杨东:《后疫情时代数字经济理论和规制体系的重构——以竞争法为核心》,《人民论坛·学术前沿》,2020年第17期。 + +② Subramanian, A. Eclipse. Living in the Shadow of China’s Economic Dominance, Peterson Institute, 2011. + +③蒋颖、周颖、刘治宇:《“一带一路”倡议下中国企业全球化的机遇和挑战》,《国际税收》,2017年第5期。 + +④李婕:《中国是120多个国家和地区的最大贸易伙伴,进口占全球比重约为11%——扩大进口,中国热情依旧》,《人民日报》(海外版),2020年4月7日,第6版。 + +⑤ KPMG. The Pulse of FinTech 2018, February 2019; CB Insights, FinTech trends to watch in 2019, January 2019. + +⑥ China Stablecoin and Trading Appetite Dwarfs Global Demand, https://diar.co/volume-3-issue-17/. + +⑦杨东:《大力增强支付产业国际竞争力》,《社会科学报》,2020年8月27日,第1版。 + +⑧ 杨东:《以区块链技术解决金融领域“灯下黑”问题》,《国家治理》,2020年第24期。 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00062.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00062.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..00a9b2ed9fafe673864933ef075f9ddadfcf5407 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00062.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + + +图3 运营商“云数据链” + +企业 C 在向运营商提供产品或服务之后,持有了对运营商的应收账款;企业 C 在某个阶段现金流可能比较充沛,无须到金融机构进行保理贴现,则此时企业 C 可以将其持有的应收账款而不是现金支付给其上游的企业 B,用来支付其对企业 B 的应付账款。 + +同样,企业 B 也可以将其从企业 C 收取的针对运营商的应收账款作为其对企业 A 的应付款的交易工具,支付给企业 A。 + +上述过程其实在传统的商票背书贴现产品中已有所体现,但由于传统商票背书贴现出过大量的造假行为,近年来商票的背书贴现已极为困难。在供应链金融平台中引入区块链技术,实现应收账款凭证的可验证和不可篡改,从而形成内生的信用传递机制,使得供应链金融平台将运营商的信用在完整的生态链条中得以广泛传播,从而服务更多的非直接的中小微企业客户,更好地实现供应链金融平台的社会效益和经济效益。 + +为了实现上述功能,需要搭建一个区块链平台,可以称之为“电信运营商云数链”。持有针对运营商原始应收款项债权的企业,如果暂时不需要通过运营商供应链进行商业保理,则可以在运营商云数链上进行应付款的创建,并由此获得一个“电信运营商应收款项凭证”,该凭证涵盖金额、开立日期、授信方、授予方、收/付款方以及区块链数字证号,可以将该凭证命名为“信用”,即电信运营商的信用。“信用”被创建之后将被保存在运营商云数链的节点上。由于区块链所具有的不可篡改的基本特性,“信用”就具备了流转的能力,所有持有“信用”的企业在需要现金支持的时候,可以到运营商供应链进行保理贴现。 + +基于区块链技术的“信用”功能的引入,将使得围绕运营商的整个产业链合作伙伴得以享受“电信运营商的信用”,成功实现“央企信用”向供应链所有参与者的传递与转移。这也是落实中央印发的《关于促进中小企业健康发展的指导意见》的重要举措,帮助中小企业积极拓宽融资渠道,促进中小企业依托应收账款、供应链金融、特许经营权等进行融资。 + +引入 “信用” 之后的运营商供应链,在商业模式上也可以具备更多的创收能力。除合作伙伴到运营商供应链贴现 “信用” 的时候赚取金融利息差价之外,还可以考虑向使用 “信用” 企业提供电信增值服务,提升中小企业信息化水平。 + +区块链技术的应用在新的技术革新和产业变革中起着重要作用,区块链作为核心技术自主创新的重要突破口,将在供应链领域发挥越来越重要的作用,特别是在供应链金融领域,对于促进产业链发展、加强企业内部管理和风险控制等方面具有重要意义。 + +作者单位:中国移动通信采购共享服务中心 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00063.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00063.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..718d0384001fb76fbd9bad39f3748c841479abf5 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00063.md @@ -0,0 +1,222 @@ +图 5 基于机器学习的社交机器人检测框架 + +表 3 社交机器人检测效果比较 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
作者模型特征评价指标数据集
网络用户交友时间内容情感准确率F1
Varol 等人[28]RF90%Twitter
Alarifi 等人[77]SVM93%93%Twitter
Mehrotra 等人[80]AdaBoost79.76%75.91%Twitter
Costa 等人[82]Act-M96.5%Reddit
94.7%Twitter
Shi 等人[84]K-means93.1%95.2%CyVOD[88]
Jr 等人[86]Wavelet,RF94.47%Twitter
Cai 等人[95]BeDM88.41%87.32%Twitter
BeDM83.49%84.11%Twitter
Ping 等人[96]CNN,LSTM98.6%98.1%Twitter
Sneha 等人[97]LSTM96%96%Twitter
Cai 等人[122]CNN,LSTM87.58%88.30%Twitter
Boosting85.23%84.77%Twitter
BoostOR83.16%86.10%Twitter
Clark 等人[127]NLP90.32%Twitter
Walt 等人[129]RF87.11%49.75%Twitter
+ +注:在特征列表中 “✓” 表示该文献使用对应的特征,空白表示该文献未使用对应的特征。在评价指标列表中,若文献对应的 F1 指标空白则表示该文献未使用该项评价指标。 + +Morstatter 等人$^{[80]}$通过选取用户转发推文数量在发布推文数量中所占比例、用户发布推文的平均长度、URL 和连续两次转发时间间隔等特征分别如(3)-(6)式,提出一种增加召回率启发式的有监督学习 BoostOR 模型,该模型通过评估准确率和召回率之间的关系,来检测平台中存在的恶意机器人。实验结果显示该方法具有较高的精度,以便于研究人员可以从他们的社交媒体数据集中删除更多的社交机器人账户,从而关注真实用户产生的信息。 + +$$Retweet(u) = \frac{|\{x | x \in tweets^u, x \text{ is retweet}\}|}{|tweets^u|} \tag{3}$$ + +$$Length(u) = \frac{\sum_{i}^{|tweets^{u}|} |tweets_{i}^{u}|}{|tweets^{u}|}\tag{4}$$ + +$$URL(u)=\frac{\left|\left\{x\mid x\in tweets^{u},x\;\mathrm{contains}\;URL\right\}\right|}{\left|tweets^{u}\right|} \tag{5}$$ + +$$Time(u)=\frac{1}{|tweets^{u}|-1}\sum_{i=2}^{N}(t_{i}-t_{i-1}) \tag{6}$$ + +文献[82]基于用户行为活动时间,建立关于时间活动的数学模型 Act-M(Activity Model, Act-M),该模型通过拟合社交媒体用户不同行为的时间间隔分布,从而更加准确的检测社交媒体中的恶意用户。文献[86]提出一种基于小波的模型,来检测 OSNs 中信息传播主体。该模型根据用户文本内容得到频谱图,并从离散小波变换和基于词法的系数衰减加权方案中创建特征向量,最后使用随机森林算法将用户分为正常人、合法机器人和恶意机器人。Fazil 等人$^{[81]}$首先根据 OSNs 中 Twitter 用户与社交机器人的交互行为特征,将 Twitter 用户分为活跃、被动和不活跃用户。其次利用 Twitter 中活跃、被动和不活跃用户的性别、年龄、位置等静态特征和用户交互的人、交互内容、交互主题等动态特征,运用朴素贝叶斯、减少误差修剪决策树和随机森林 3 种机器学习方法对社交自然人进行分类。Shi 等人$^{[84]}$通过利用社交情境分析理论$^{[87]}$和“点击流”序列$^{[33]}$,选取转移概率和行为时间间隔作为特征,运用半监督 K-means 聚类算法$^{[89]}$来检测 CyVOD 社交平台$^{[88]}$ + diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00064.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00064.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e7ace17ccc3c83fe06165ba0af7b70339543e997 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00064.md @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +薄层单元模型仿真频率与机匣试验频率见表3。从表中可见,连接机匣试验频率随着拧紧力矩增大而加快,第3、4阶频率变化最为明显,说明螺栓预紧力大小对连接机匣的动力学响应有较大影响。简化模型仿真频率与机匣试验频率相比,最大误差仅为2.83%,满足工程设计要求。由此可见,分区域的薄层单元建模方法能准确地模拟在不同预紧力下螺栓连接结构的刚度变化,建立有效的连接结构有限元模型。 + +表 3 在拧紧力矩为 3、7、11 N·m 时分区域薄层单元简化模型的模态频率 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
模态
阶次
3N ·m 时的模态频率/Hz误差/
%
7N ·m 时的模态频率/Hz误差/
%
11N ·m 时的模态频率/Hz误差/%
试验计算试验计算试验计算
1238.22238.600.16239.30238.86-0.18239.44238.98-0.19
2238.82238.78-0.02239.94239.02-0.38240.28239.13-0.48
3280.17278.62-0.55290.26286.50-1.30296.65291.40-1.78
4281,14279.62-0.54295.49287.12-2.83299.32291.85-2.50
5387.77393.231.41391.59394.030.62393.83394.560.19
6388.20393.401,34393.24394.120.22394.47394.630.04
7612.12609.36-0.45612.42609.52-0.47613.19609.62-0.58
8613.06616.540.57613.86616.660.46614.52616.750.36
+ +## 3 结论 + +本文基于螺栓连接超模型的刚度理论、赫兹接触理论以及M-B分形模型,考虑螺栓的数量和法兰边的接触,建立了分区域薄层单元的螺栓连接简化建模方法,推导了不同预紧力下分区域薄层单元弹性模量的计算公式。通过模态试验验证了不同螺栓预紧力简化建模方法的正确性,得到如下结论: + +螺栓预紧力对机匣连接部分的法向接触刚度影响较大,随预紧力的增大,法向接触刚度增加,之后逐渐趋于平稳;连接机匣的各阶固有频率也逐步加快,之后也趋于平稳。 + +本文连接接触的建模,没有考虑连接接触非线性阻尼的影响,但为进一步在此方面深入探索螺栓连接动力学的问题奠定了基础。 + +## 参考文献: + +[1] Shuguo L, Yanhong M, Dayi Z, et al. Studies on dynamic characteristics of the joint in the aero-engine rotor system [J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2012, 29:120-136. + +[2] Liu S G, Wang J, Hong J, et al. Dynamics design of the aero-engine rotor joint structures based on experimental and numerical study[R]. ASME 2010-GT-22199. + +[3] Kim J, Yoon J C, Kang B S. Finite element analysis and modeling of structure with bolted joints [J]. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 2007, 31(5): 895–911. + +[4] Ahmadian H, Jalali H. Identification of bolted lap joints parameters in assembled structures [J]. Mechanical Systems & Signal Processing, 2007, 21(2): 1041–1050. + +[5] Shirayev O V, Page S M, Pettit C L, et al. Parameter estimation and investigation of a bolted joint model [J]. Journal of Sound & Vibration, 2007, 307(3–5): 680–697. + +[6] Boeswald M, Link M, Meyer S. Experimental and analytical investigations of non-linear cylindrical casing joints using base excitation testing [C]//IMAC-XXI. Conference & Exposition on Structural Dynamics. Kissimmee: Society for Experimental Mechanics, 2003: 1–9. + +[7] 马双超. 航空发动机机匣模型确认与动力学特性研究[D]. 南京: 南京航空航天大学, 2012. +MA Shuangchao. Structure dynamic analysis and model validation of aero-engine casings [D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012. (in Chinese) + +[8] 姚星宇, 王建军, 翟学. 航空发动机螺栓连接薄层单元建模方法 [J]. 北京航空航天大学学报, 2015, 41(12): 2269-2279. +YAO Xingyu, WANG Jianjun, ZHAI Xue. Modeling method of bolted joints of aero-engine based on thin-layer element [J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2015, 41(12): 2269-2279. (in Chinese) + +[9] 姚星宇, 王建军. 航空发动机螺栓连接载荷与结构参数对连接刚度影响规律 [J]. 推进技术, 2017, 38(2): 424-433. +YAO Xingyu, WANG Jianjun. Effects of load and structure parameters of aero-engine bolted joints on joint stiffness [J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2017, 38(2): 424-433. (in Chinese) + +[10] 赵帅. 螺栓联接对航空发动机机匣振动特性影响的研究 [D]. 沈阳:沈阳航空航天大学,2012. +ZHAO Shuai. Study of effects of bolt connection on aerocaging case vibrational behavior [D]. Shenyang: Shenyang Aerospace University, 2012. (in Chinese) + +[11] 赵丹, 艾延廷, 翟学, 等. 法向接触刚度对螺栓连接结构振动模态的影响研究 [J]. 航空发动机, 2012, 38(3): 54-57. +ZHAO Dan, AI Yanting, ZHAI Xue, et al. Effect of normal contact stiffness on vibration modes of bolted structure [J]. Aeroengine, 2012, 38(3): 54-57. (in Chinese) + diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00065.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00065.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d711fea79c014f9bd33c5e6fb36be06a88fa7aa9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00065.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +## 大数据环境下基于反馈的敏感数据识别方法研究与实现 + +何欣,高运霞 + +(中移动信息技术有限公司,北京 100044) + +摘 要 随着大数据时代的到来,敏感数据的保护成为运营商面临的重大挑战。敏感数据的准确标识是进行数据保护的前提,深度报文检测技术能够松耦合并实时地对流量进行检测和标识,使其成为当下大数据平台下敏感数据标识的一种重要方式,然而其高存储、高计算的资源需求成为制约其应用和发展的痛点。本文提出了一种基于反馈的高速敏感数据识别方法,通过建立会话表的方式,实时记录识别的状态,大幅降低需要深度检测的数据量,提升了检测的效率。 + +关键词 敏感数据识别;DPI;大数据 + +中图分类号 TN918 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1008-5599(2020)12-0054-06 + +DOI:10.13992/j.cnki.tetas.2020.12.011 + +随着信息化社会的飞速发展,我国的电信运营业务越来越广泛,运营商管理的数据种类越来越多,数据量越来越大。大数据给电信行业带来了新的发展机遇,通过挖掘和分析电信业务数据,可有效支撑电信各项业务,提高服务质量。但与此同时,数据集中化、数据量大等新型的业务形态和技术特点,也给电信业务发展带来新的挑战。 + +大数据平台集中存储了大量的数据及用户隐私信息,一旦数据泄漏,不仅严重危害用户的隐私及个人信息安全,也将对电信企业造成巨大的经济损失和社会影响。如何建立敏感数据安全防护体系,使敏感数据可管、可控和可追溯,确保各项业务正常运营,防止数据泄密是运营商面临的严峻挑战。 + +敏感数据是指个人或组织的身份信息、财务信息、服务内容和资料等数据,以结构化和非结构化多种类型存储在大数据平台中。如何高效、准确识别敏感数据则是敏感数据得到有效保护的前提。深度分组检测(DPI)技术是从数据分组的负载内容中搜索、匹配预先给定的关键字或特征,并根据匹配的结果来对该数据分组进行处理的技术,是当前敏感数据识别中常用的一项技术。DPI对所有流经的数据分组在应用层进行重组,并根据规则进行扫描,对数据采集和计算的要求极高,如何提高DPI的检测效率是敏感数据深度检测面临的难题。 + +本文提出一种基于反馈的闭环 DPI 敏感数据检测方法,并可有效应用于大数据环境下高效的敏感数据识别 + +收稿日期:2020-11-04 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00066.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00066.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ba8d711c9e9698b67396c61f8746fbd3eb73f3ef --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00066.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +## $\overline{\text{DATA}}$ Polling I/O₇ + +Figure 2. $\overline{DATA}$ Polling Bus Sequence + + + +Figure 3. $\overline{DATA}$ Polling Software Flow + + + +$\overline{DATA}$ Polling can effectively halve the time for writing to the X28C64. The timing diagram in Figure 2 illustrates the sequence of events on the bus. The software flow diagram in Figure 3 illustrates one method of implementing the routine. + diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00067.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00067.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f910fa65ac5e822e81a2f980803e3943ed98c299 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00067.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +(5) 使用 Baidu AI 函数识别图片 Logo; + +(6) 提取识别结果矩形框边界和内容; + +(7) 绘制识别结果矩形框; + +(8) 输出识别结果的内容。 + +运行之后得到结果如下: + +可以看到,图片中的 Logo 包括文字和图案元素都被红色的方框框选了出来。大部分识别结果比较准确。例如图 1 中框选出来的有两个部分,识别结果有四个品牌,全部都为正确结果。再比如图 2 中,框选出来的有四个部分,识别出多个品牌 Logo。该程序可以有效完成服装 Logo 的识别,但准确率还需进一步处理匹配,准确率和识别效率是今后研究需要重点关注的因素。 + + + +图 1 品牌 Logo 识别示例 1 + + + +图 2 品牌 Logo 识别示例 2 + +## 6结论 + +综上所述,本文主要工作是实现服装品牌 logo 识别,利用百度 AI 平台在该应用上做了初步的探索,并指明服装品牌 logo 识别的重要意义。实现基于 Baidu AI 平台的品牌 Logo 识别程序的开发与应用,为基于百度 AI 平台的服装品牌 Logo 识别实现这项工作的实现提供技术的解决方法。利用百度 AI 平台和 Python 以及 Pycharm 实现服装品牌 Logo 识别系统,其识别结果准确率仍然具有很大的限制需要进一步使用专用的数据集进行模型训练来解决。 + +## 参考文献: + +[1] 李东, 万贤福, 汪军. 采用傅里叶描述子和支持向量机的服装款式识别方法 [J]. 纺织学报, 2017, 38(05): 122-127. + +[2] 高美真, 申艳梅. 基于颜色直方图的图像检索技术 [J]. 微电子学与计算机, 2008(04): 25-27. + +[3] Srisupang Thewsuwan, Keiichi Horio, Texture-Based Features for Clothing Classification via Graph-Based Representation[J]. Research Institute of Signal Processing, Japan, 2018, 22(6). + +[4] Majid Nawaz, Adel A. Sewissy, Taysir Hassan A. Soliman, Multi-Class Breast Cancer Classification using Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Network[J], International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA), 2018, 9. + +[5] 陈巧红, 陈翊, 孙麒, 贾宇波. 服装图像分类技术综述[J]. 浙江理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 41(05): 631-643. + +[6] Simone Bianco, Marco Buzzelli, Davide Mazzini, Raimondo Schettini. Deep learning for logo recognition[J]. Elsevier B.V., 2017, 245. + +[7] Ge Y, Zhang R, Wu L, et al. DeepFashion2: A Versatile Benchmark for Detection, Pose Estimation, Segmentation and Re-Identification of Clothing Images[J]. 2019. + +[8] 杨东宁, 曾婷, 朱延杰. 图像识别技术的原理和应用 [J]. 电子技术与软件工程, 2020(01): 102-103. + +[9] 胡聪丛, 胡桓. 深度神经网络的发展现状 [J]. 电子技术与软件工程, 2017(04): 29-31. + +[10] .陆奇: 百度大脑是百度 AI 平台核心智能云有机会颠覆云市场 [J]. 信息与电脑 (理论版), 2017 (14): 1-2. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00068.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00068.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7b6fc909a90c226421111041fde6b4a0a5e731d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00068.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ + + +图 7 中频感应加热电源组成原理框图 + +它还在医学、传媒等领域有所应用$^{[6]}$。在交通运输方面,电力电子技术还在高铁、磁悬浮列车、城市轨道车辆等方面有应用$^{[7]}$;在电力系统中,电力电子技术还在水力发电、潮汐能发电方面有很多应用。这对于保护生态环境、节约能源有非常重要的作用和意义$^{[8]}$。在工业中,电力电子技术还在钢铁工业、化工工业、煤矿等领域都有应用。除此之外,电力电子技术还在开关电源、不同断电源、航空航天、工业机器人控制系统、农业电气化等领域有广泛应用,对它的研究也在不断深入,以后会继续朝着集成化、模块化、高频化、通用化、智能化、绿色化的方向发展。 + +## 参考文献 + +[1]何博文.浅谈电子技术在绿色照明电路中的应用[J].通讯世界,2016(9):287-288 + +[2]王崇,过李峤,廖勇,等.基于现场总线KNX的智能照明控制系统设计[J].物联网技术,2020,10(7):57-58,62 + +[3] 晋江辉. 基于 LED 的智能照明节能控制系统设计 [J]. 工程建设与设计, 2020(14): 253-254 + +[4]冯汉伟.浅析电力电子技术在汽车领域的应用[J].中小企业管理与科技(中旬刊),2020(1):186-187 + +[5]肖思明.电力电子技术在高压直流输电中的应用[J].通信电源技术,2017,34(4):112-113,116 + +[6]范治田,周迪斌.浅谈电子技术在行业领域中的应用[J].山东农业工程学院学报,2019,36(2):42-43 + +[7]陈正泉.电力电子技术在城轨车辆上的应用教学探讨[J].林区教学,2019(4):93-94 + +[8]张立侠.试论电力电子技术在新能源领域的运用[J].电子测试,2020(16):118-119 + +收稿日期:2020.8.22 + +(上接第62页) + +4)建立数据存储单元, 仿真民机空地通信下的数据存储、查询机制, 通过数据库视图的方式开放支持数据的实时访问、历史数据查询, 以进行数据的分析处理。 + +通过本文民机航路管制系统的验证与测试平台的研究,作者认为在该研究中还存在以下几个地方值得进一步扩充和深入: + +1) 系统在国际航线的应用。目前在国际上,各国的航路管制系统是不统一的,空域的利用标准和间隔标准也是不一样的,而且各个国家和地区之间的合作缺乏,各区域的信息无法实现共享,所以管制系统工作在国际航班上面会受到很大的限制。为了使国际航空的高效、安全,需要在全球航路管制系统的基础上,实现空中交通管制一体化,统一空域的利用标准和间隔标准,统一空-地数据链双向通信,加强国际合作,满足连贯、一致的飞行要求,实现无缝隙的空域管理。 + +2)管制系统与空-天-地一体化通信网络的结合应用。空-天-地一体化通信网路是基于空基、天基、地基、海基融合而成,将多元化的通信设备结合起来,可以提供更加广泛和多样化的无线通信业务。民用飞机可构成空基网络,管制系统构成地基网络,在享受空-天-地一体化通信网络便利的同时,也为空-天-地一体化通信网络构成一条空-地通信链 + +3)管制系统的自动化建设。目前的管制系统大部门仍然是管制员与飞行员之间的手动连接和通信,但是在目前现状下,交通管制员普遍存在在着情景意识不健全的情况,这可能会导致非常严重的后果。而自动化系统的引入,帮助管理员自动进行空中活动的计算排序,准确、直接地掌握管理数据,有效地解决了冲突、预测飞行状态等难题。 + +## 参考文献 + +[1] 丁汀. 大型民用客机管制与监视系统验证与测试平台的构建 [J]. 民用飞机设计与研究, 2013(1): 71-75 + +[2]杨宽,费秀艳.美国无人机立法新动态及其启示[J].北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版),2019,32(1):117-126 + +[3]高海超,吴嘉慧.欧美下一代空管系统规划对比分析及启示[J].指挥信息系统与技术,2017,8(4):83-87 + +[4]佚名.2017年全国民航航班运行效率发布[J].空运商务,2018,395(4):11-12 + +[5]袁树德.AFDX航电测试中的地空数据传输技术研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2012 + +[6]刘显著,丁莹,胡源,等.天地一体化信息网络的几点思考与建议[C]//第二十八届全国通信与信息技术学术年会,2013 + +[7]赵源.航路飞行辅助决策仿真系统关键问题研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2005 + +[8]Dominique Meyer, Tom Wypych, Vid Petrovic, et al. An air traffic control simulator for test and development of airspace management schemes[C]//IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE, 2018 + +[9]刘天华.民用飞机数据链通信管理技术[J].电讯技术,2010(5):88-92 + +[10] Chen S, Zheng S, Yang L, et al. Deep Learning for Large-Scale Real-World ACARS and ADS-B Radio Signal Classification[J]. IEEE Access, 2019, 7: 89256–89264 + +[11] M CenkErturk, Hosseinali Jamal, David W Matolak. Potential Future Aviation Communication Technologies[C]//2019 IEEE/AIAA 38th Digital Avionics Systems Conference. IEEE, 2019 + +[12]Dongsong Zeng, Stephen L Giles, Brent Phillips. Re-envisioning Air/Ground Communications for Aviation[C]//2019 IEEE/AIAA 38th Digital Avionics Systems Conference. IEEE, 2019 + +[收稿日期:2020.8.14] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00069.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00069.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..939b5a1a2ca545286564a93f078654340ef4340a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00069.md @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +对成熟的状态,因此,事业单位在财务管理上以区块链技术为基础仍然存在许多实际性问题。 + +## (一)数据量过于复杂 + +通常情况下,由于电子商务平台所产生的交易量过于庞大,这也就代表着事业单位面临着巨大而复杂的数据量有待处理。区块链技术通过采取分布式记账的方式将所有产生的交易毫无保留的在各自所处节点内记录在账册之中,不过,即使保障了具备全面性的数据,但由于数据量较为庞大,因此在进行存储的过程中工作量仍然会存在负担过重的现象。数据处理工作具有相当大的复杂性,所选取的支撑点通常要求系统等级为高级,事业单位也需要不断加大资金的投入量。 + +## (二)不同地区支付问题 + +由于事业单位的电子商务平台并非单单对本地区的用户提供服务,交易市场在拓展过程中甚至会向国外用户敞开,这就必将引起货币支付等相关问题,由于货币不同所以应该在交易过程中解决货币转换的问题。现阶段,我国针对此使用诸多方法为使国外用户在购买过程中提供便利,但始终未能显示出相应的现时效用,需要构造货币中间转换的方式。由于国外支付的安全性能比较弱,通常在管理上会出现诸多问题,导致事业单位的电子商务平台在拓展国外市场的过程中受到抑制。 + +## (三)不具备完善的信任机制 + +事业单位的电子商务平台用于支撑交易双方整个交易过程的进行,且均在虚拟环境下展开,消费者对产品性能结构的掌握只能依赖于电子商务平台上展示的视频与图片,是否具备真实性还有待考量。此外,由于消费者能够通过匿名购买的方式进行消费,商家同样无法确切地掌握消费者的实时信息,双方在交易的过程中均不具备相互信任的状态。由此可见,事业单位中的电子商务平台不具备完善的信任机制,因此,交易双方的信任度较为羸弱,消费者或许会因为所给出的产品图文不具备一定的真实性而选择放弃购物,这将直接影响事业单位的经济利益。 + +## (四)无法及时传递内部信息 + +事业单位各部门间的运作仍然处于互相独立的状态,这将导致事业单位经营情况受到直接影响,情况严重的话将导致事业单位整个运营模式受到威胁。通常情况 + +下,电子商务平台的交易模式由售后、存储、运输、销售、生产五个流程部分所组成,以上五个环节分别隶属于五个不同的部门所管辖,若其中任何一个环节发生信息流失真的情况都将导致错误的信息传递,并且有碍于事业单位的发展。 + +## 三、区块链技术下事业单位财务发展问题的解决对策 + +## (一)维持去中心化特性 + +“区块链(Blockchain)”技术具备的去中心化特性能够发挥中心的减弱作用,可这并不代表“中心”完全消失,仅是将独个“中心”扩散为多个“中心”。在任意一个节点位置进行数据记录的过程中,这个数据都能够在同一时间存储在另外的节点中,无法轻易进行任意更改,使信息具备准确性。此外,在有效缓解系统等级的限制作用的同时能够及时传递内部信息,促进各环节间的互相沟通。 + +## (二)规范统一性交易货币 + +现阶段的交易类型随着时代的发展变化而持续更新,由最初的物物交换发展至实体交易,再由实体交易发展至如今的电子商务平台交易,造就了人们随时随地对所需物资均可购置。由于国内外电子商务平台的互通,跨境购物的同时在支付过程中会涉及汇兑问题,对交易造成了许多限制$^ {[3]}$。区块链技术下事业单位的电子商务平台网上交易能够实现交易货币的统一性,平台内所有商品标价均呈现统一的衡量标准,能够有效解决具有复杂性的汇兑手续相关问题。 + +## (三)确保交易具有真实性 + +事业单位在区块链技术下能够确保商品具备相应的真实性,通过共享信息的方式使消费时可以实时掌握所需商品的运输信息和生产状况,平台内商品整个交易过程均具备透明性,按照相关规定于商品交易前对消费者的个人信息和商品信息开展严格审查,确保交易双方各自权益均能够得到有效保障,支付程序在于第三方的支付平台中完成,避免发生恶意交易的现象,这也就相当于形成了一条完整的信息链和交易链,切实保障双方整个交易过程顺利进展$^{[4]}$。 + +事业单位的电子商务平台通过区块链技术的应用可以自动构建信任机制,自交 + +易开始时起系统同时开展数据的汇总和清算,从而使整个交易过程的进度不断加快,同时对交易过程中产生的所有相关信息全面性记录。如果在交易过程中商家和消费者发生纠纷,可以及时提取相关信息进行查询,确保事业单位的资金回流率能够得到有效提高。 + +## (四)提升信息共享性 + +我国经济社会在现阶段中对于 “共享” 本着积极提倡的处理原则,无论是共享信息抑或是共享经济,总而言之,“共享” 这一概念已成为国家大力推崇的新型商业模式之源头所在。事业单位的电子商务平台的业务流程包括售后、存储、运输、销售、生产各个环节中均实现共享信息,为事业单位提供准确性和高效性的持续运作形式,便于事业单位对各部门的管理,从而构建具备统一性的管控体系。事业单位的财务发展方面可以通过区块链技术的利用对所有信息实现整体管控,对事业单位内部绩效水平开展全方位评估,确保事业单位能够稳定健康的发展$^{[5]}$。 + +## 结语 + +互联网背景下促进了电子商务平台交易模式的发展,同时也促进了区块链技术的发展。区块链技术在现阶段仍旧处于发展开端阶段,但伴随着区块链技术逐渐呈现出较好的发展趋势,因此,区块链技术将在未来彻底改变事业单位财务发展状况。在相关技术人员的支持下进一步扩展区块链技术的应用和发展,确保事业单位内的财务信息具备准确性与稳定性。 + +## 参考文献 + +[1] 汤玥琪·区块链背景下企业财务发展问题研究 [J]·行政事业资产与财务, 2018(15): 87–88. + +[2] 张晨呈·未来财会在区块链技术影响下的发展探讨 [J]. 中国商论, 2018(19): 123–125. + +[3] 康霞·区块链技术环境下财务业务发展方向研究 [J]·现代营销, 2019(02): 196-197· + +[4] 康霞·区块链技术环境下财务业务发展方向研究 [J]·现代营销(下旬刊),2019(02):198–199. + +[5] 董文静·区块链技术视角下的财务共享模式建设研究 [J]·商情,2018(38):49–50. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00070.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00070.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f880964aa1e6911ccd27c5dbc92d763effdd3f7c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00070.md @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ + + +(a) 振型 + + + +(b) 振动应力 + +图 11 导叶 1 阶振型及振动应力分布 + +始位置相吻合。 + +## 4 导叶应力测试验证及评估 + +## 4.1 应力测试验证 + +如第3.2节所述,由于当前无法通过计算获得较为可靠的可调进口导叶振动响应数据,因此,本文通过在单级试验件上模拟负载压气机可调进口导叶的真实运行环境,对导叶进行动应力测试,以验证导叶振动应力水平随工作角度调节时的变化规律。通过测试还获得了叶身裂纹起源部位附近的稳态应力。 + +导叶振动应力、稳态应力测试结果见表3,不同导叶角度和工作转速下的动应力频谱及时域如图12~14所示。通过分析可以得到如下结论: + +表 3 在设计转速下不同导叶角度的应力值 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
导叶角度/(°)叶片稳态应力/MPa叶片振动应力/MPa
2262.67.63
1667.16.65
1094.27.11
493.5102.37
+ +注:铝合金弹性模量为70.6 GPa。 + +(1)从图 12 中可见,导叶角度为 $22^{\circ}$ 时导叶的最大应力幅值始终出现在 1500 Hz 左右,较表 2 中的 1672 Hz 低,初步分析主要是由于模拟的安装边界条件比真实状态的刚性更高。在 40% ~ 100% 的转速范围内,该振动峰值一直存在,尽管其振动频率会有少量偏移(初步推断该偏移是因不同转速状态的气动载荷不同导致叶片安装状态发生变化所致)。据此可判定,导叶在 40%~100% 的转速范围内存在以 1 阶振型为主的强迫振动。同时不难发现,导叶角度为 $22^{\circ}$ 时,该强迫振动导致的叶片振动应力很小,最大只有约 7.63 MPa(见表 3),不足以导致叶片出现高周疲劳破坏。而在共振频率裕度只有4.6%的设计转速下,这一振动应力则更小,因此,在正常状态下由第3.2节中的共振导致导叶发生疲劳失效的可能性基本可以排除。另外,根据第2.2节的研究,在一 + + + +(a) 40%设计转速 + + + +(b) 50%设计转速 + + + +(c) 60%设计转速 + + + +(d) 70%设计转速 + + + +(e) 80%设计转速 + + + +(f) 90%设计转速 + + + +(g) 100%设计转速 + +图 12 导叶角度为 $22^\circ$ 时不同转速下的应力频谱 + +定范围内导叶角度越大,叶片吸力面分离越稳定,所承受的交变载荷也越小,叶片高周疲劳破坏的风险也相应降低。 + +(2)从图13中可见,当转子转速达到70%设计转速时,叶片振动应力峰值已经达到约102 MPa,且测点的动应力水平随着转速的增加一直在增大(图14(b)),为了确保试验件与测试设备的安全,只能选择停车。导叶角度为4°时的导叶振动响应远大于22°时的,不难预见,随着转子工作转速继续增加直至100%设计转速,导叶振动应力将进一步加大,从而使 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00071.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00071.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8f20fbb97f93ef06625eeaae0298fe10e3fc8420 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00071.md @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +从图中可见 $N_1$、$N_2$、$T_{25}$、$P_{s3}$ 的估计值能够很好地跟踪飞行试验的实际值,相对误差基本都在 2% 以 + + + +图 5 $N_1$传感器解析余度模型测试效果 + + + +图 6 $N_{2}$ 传感器解析余度模型测试效果 + + + +图 7 $T_{25}$ 传感器解析余度模型测试效果 + + + +图 8 $P_{a3}$ 传感器解析余度模型测试效果 + +内,稳态的误差基本都在1%以内,能够满足传感器解析余度模型的精度要求。虽然通过K-均值聚类只选择了很少一部分数据用来训练模型,但是这些数据样本能够反映发动机各参数之间的特征。因此,本文基于K-均值聚类和IDE-ELM建立的传感器解析余度模型具有很好的精度,可为FADEC系统双通道传感器的故障诊断提供参考,提高传感器故障的检测率。 + +## 4 总结 + +本文提出了1种基于K-均值聚类和IDE-ELM算法建立航空发动机传感器解析余度模型的方法。基于K-均值聚类对试验数据进行聚类,然后针对聚类处理后的样本,采用 IDE-ELM 算法训练模型。该方法避免了飞行试验数据中冗余数据对训练效果的影响,采用 IDE 优化 ELM 的输入层的权值和隐含层偏置,可以减少隐含层神经元数目,降低网络的复杂度;基于 K-均值聚类和 IDE-ELM 算法建立的模型,经过飞行试验数据验证表明该传感器解析余度模型具有较高的精度,可用于 FADEC 系统双通道传感器的故障诊断。 + +## 参考文献: + +[1] 孙健国. 面向 21 世纪航空动力控制展望 [J]. 航空动力学报, 2001, 16(2): 97-102. +SUN Jianguo. Prospects of the aero-engine dynamic control development facing the 21st century [J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2001, 16(2): 97-102. (in Chinese) + +[2] 张绍基. 航空发动机控制系统的研发与展望 [J]. 航空动力学报, 2004, 19(3): 375-382. +ZHANG Shaoji. A R&D and forecast of aeroengine control system [J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2004, 19(3): 375-382. (in Chinese) + +[3] Garg S. NASA Glenn research in controls and diagnostics for intelligent aerospace propulsion Systems[R]. NASA-TM-2005-214036, 2005. + +[4] 姜彩虹. 航空发动机双余度控制规律设计方法 [J]. 航空动力学报, 2011, 26(10): 2364-2370. +JIANG Caihong. Design method of dual-redundant control law for aeroengine [J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2011, 26(10): 2364-2370. (in Chinese) + +[5] 马婷婷,郭迎清,陆军. 基于双通道传感器的航空发动机在线故障诊断系统研究[J]. 计算机测量与控制,2011,19(7):1533-1537. +MA Tingting, GUO Yingqing, LU Jun. System investigation of aero-engine online fault diagnosis, based on dual-channel sensor [J]. Computer Measurement & Control, 2011, 19(7): 1533-1537. (in Chinese) + +[6] Jaw L C, Garg S. Propulsion control technology development in the United States: A historical perspective [R]. NASA–TM–2005–213978, 2005. + +[7] Wallhagen R E, Arpasi D J. Self-teaching digital-computer program for fail-operational control of a turbojet engine in a sea-level test stand[R]. NASA-TM-X-3043, 1974. + +[8] Alag G, Gilyard G. A proposed Kalman filter algorithm for estimation of unmeasured output variables for an F100 turbofan engine [R]. AIAA-90-1920. + +[9] Takahisa Kobayashi, Donald L Simon. Application of a bank of Kalman filters for aircraft engine fault diagnostics[R]. NASA–TM–2003–212526, 2003. + +[10] Mattern D L, Jaw L C, Guo T H, et al. Using neural networks for sensor validation[R]. AIAA-98-3547. + +[11] Delaat J C, Merrill W C. Advanced detection, isolation, and accommodation of sensor failures in turbofan engines [R]. NASA–TP–1990– diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00072.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00072.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..de6b8a23a79e34c006786f83e5e05825b7827939 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00072.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +lon agri-food supply chain with multiple strategies[J]. Information Processing in Agriculture,2019(6),425-437. +[6] Agricultural Development Bank of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Explore the credit guarantee fund for grain purchase loans[J]. Agricultural Development and Finance, 2019 (3), 63-65. +[7] SHEN J Y,ZHOU H Y, Wenzhou Small and Micro Enterprises Financing Status and Suggestions[J]. Co-Operative Economy & Science,2019(24),72-74. +[8] Commentator of this journal. Go all out to do a good job in the acquisition of credit for autumn grain[J]. Agricultural Development and Finance,2019(10),4-5. +[9] LU H R. Viewing the Supply-side Reform of Grain Processing Enterprises from the Financial Perspective[J]. Finance Economy,2018(16),182-183. +[10] JIANG D F. The construction of smart city information system based on the and cloud computing[J]. Computer Communications,2020(150),158-166. +[11] FAN J, HU W M, CAI B B, et al, Design of Internet of things experiment for vehicle gate system based on Packet Tracer[J]. Experimental Technology and Management, 2019(11),133-136. +[12] BOUZEMBRAK Y,KLÜCHE M,GAVAI A. Internet of Things in food safety; Literature review and a bibliometric analysis[J]. Trends in Food Science & Technology,2019,94,1-28. +[13] LYU Z W, WU J J, SUN F Y, et al, RESEARCH AND DESIGN OF MODERN SMART GRAIN DEPOT SYSTEM[J]. Journal of Henan University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2013,34(5),79-82. +[14] HE B B. Design of RFID-based Intelligent Food Storage Management System [J]. Information & Communications, 2015 (10);194-195. +[15] GAO W, ZHOU Z G, ZHAO B, The Application of Internet of Things Technology in the Information Construction of Grain Depot[J]. Grain Science and Technology and Economy, 2018, 43(5),89-93. +[16] ZHANG L, SUN H J. A Summary of Patent Technology of Logistics Information Technology Based on Internet of Things[J]. Henan Science and Technology,2019(24),56-58. +[17] MUHAMMAD T M, ANDINI D A, The Design of internet Of Things Solutions for National Fishery Logistics System[C]// Proceedings of the First International Conference on Materials Engineering and Management-Engineering Section (ICMEMe 2018). 2019,46-49. +[18] YUAN T Z. The development of smart logistics under the influence of the Internet of Things[J]. Electronic Technology & Software Engineering,2019(9):256-256. +[19] BUTH M C, WIECZOREK A J, VERBONG G P J. The promise of peer-to-peer trading? The potential impact of blockchain on the actor configuration in the Dutch electricity system[J]. Energy Research & Social Science,2019(53):194-205. +[20] YANG M. Research on Accounting Model Based on Blockchain Technology[J]. Modern Accounting,2017(9):57-58. +[21] ZHANG J S, LYU T J, LI R Y. A Study on SMIE Credit Evaluation Model Based on Blockchain Technology[J]. Procedia CIRP,2019(83):616-623. +[22] KABRA N, BHATTACHARYA P, TANWAR S, et al. Mudra Chain: Blockchain-based framework for automated cheque clearance in financial institutions[J]. Future Generation Computer Systems,2020(102):574-587. +[23] JIANG X C, LUO L G, YU Z M, et al. Technologies and Solutions of Blockchain Application in Power Equipment Ubiquitous Internet of Things[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2019,45(11):3393-3400. +[24] QU Q K, CHEN F J, ZHOU X J. Road traffic bottleneck analysis for expressway for safety under disaster events using blockchain machine learning[J]. Safety Science,2019(118):925-932. +[25] BEHNKE K, JANSSEN M F W H A. Boundary conditions for traceability in food supply chains using blockchain technology[J]. International Journal of Information Management,2020(52):101969. +[26] KAMBLE S S, GUNASEKARAN A, SHARMA R. Modeling the blockchain enabled traceability in agriculture supply chain[J]. International Journal of Information Management,2020(52):101967. + + + +JIN Hui-fang, born in 1992, postgraduate. Her main research interests include deep learning image processing and identification of stored grain pests. + + + +LYU Zong-wang, born in 1979, master, associate professor, master tutor. His main research interests include electronic circuit design and control, intelligent management and technology of granary. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00073.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00073.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e938d83c98ad7a1eba14eacfd0b85bc4fc9406d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00073.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +## 分布式能源产业发展的新机遇 + +方建平 + +上海航天工业(集团)有限公司 + +摘要:通过对分布式能源的发展历史与现状的深入剖析与探讨,结合当前国内外形势,特别是国家的新基建发展与城市应急发展需求,梳理总结了对分布式能源未来发展方向与机遇的思考。 + +关键词:分布式能源;天然气;新基建;城市应急 + +DOI: 10.13770/j.cnki.issn2095-705x.2020.11.003 + +## New Opportunities of Distributed Energy Industry Development + +FANG Jianping + +Shanghai Aerospace Industry (Group) Co., Ltd. + +Abstract: Through in-depth analysis and discussion of the development history and status quo of distributed energy, this article summarizes the future development direction and opportunity of distributed energy, according to the current domestic and foreign situations, especially the country’s new infrastructure development needs and urban emergency industry development needs. + +Key words: Distributed Energy; Natural Gas; New Infrastructure; Urban Emergency + +## 0 前言 + +分布式能源,从138年前由爱迪生主持兴建在美国曼哈顿城珍珠街发电厂开始,当时该项目既供电也利用余热供热,综合热效率达到50%,成为了一个能源供应和能源利用紧密结合的技术领域和商业模式。分布式能源诞生之后,由于其区块能源供应特征和能源梯级利用特征,在工业园区、商业楼宇、公用建筑等一些特定领域一直稳健发展。以天然气能源为主构成的分布式能源是传统能源结构下能源转型发展与技术创新发展的先驱。 + +## 1 国内分布式能源发展分析 + +我国由于天然气产业发展较晚,天然气分布式能源是从20年前才得以初露头角,这20年经历了试点探索、示范成长、推广缓慢、稳健发展几个阶段。截至2019年底,天然气分布式能源项目数586个,总装机2042万kW。相较2018年,项目增加 + +收稿日期:2020-09-30 + +作者简介:方建平(1966-),男,MBA,研究员,长期致力于气态能源、智慧能源等领域工作 diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00074.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00074.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0928e9a5a795c7a58ee7a7883fefca17876fa271 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00074.md @@ -0,0 +1,147 @@ +机状态参数的异常变化。但这些传统的算法普遍存在诊断精度不高、鲁棒性差等缺点。 + +目前常见的深度学习算法有自动编码器(Autoencoder, AE)$^{[6]}$、深度置信网络(Deep Belief Network, DBN)$^{[7]}$、卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Networks, CNN)$^{[8]}$以及循环神经网络(Recurrent Neural Networks, RNN)$^{[9]}$等。其中自编码器在图像识别$^{[10]}$、语音识别$^{[11]}$、自然语言处理$^{[12]}$等领域已经广泛应用。堆叠降噪自动编码器(Stacked Denoising Autoencoder, SDAE)算法由Vincent在2010年提出$^{[13]}$,是在自动编码器和降噪自动编码器(Denoising Autoencoder, DAE)$^{[14]}$基础上的改进算法,精度高、抗噪声能力强。为了克服传统机器学习算法在故障诊断领域的不足,本文采用SDAE建立了发动机的燃油流量的健康基线模型。 + +## 1 燃油流量基线模型构建 + +## 1.1 总体流程 + +自动编码器利用 SDAE 算法对燃油流量 $F$ 建立基线模型的步骤如下: + +(1)从真实的飞行数据中选取与 $F$ 相关的参数作为输入; + +(2) 对初始数据进行预处理及其参数的修正; + +(3) 将预处理的数据按照 7:3:3 的比例来构建训练集、验证集和测试集; + +(4) 将训练集输入到 SDAE 模型中, 根据验证集结果调整 SDAE 模型的超参数; + +(5) 将测试集输入到近似最优的 SDAE 模型中,来确定模型的拟合精度; + +(6) 将预处理的数据加上随机高斯噪声, 重复第(4)、(5)步骤, 检验 SDAE 模型的抗噪声能力。 + +## 1.2 真实飞行数据的获取 + +试验数据选自某航空公司波音 787 客机的真实飞行数据, 其部分参数的原始巡航数据见表 1。 + +## 1.3 数据预处理及参数修正 + +考虑到飞行数据存在一些异常点和缺失点,建模前必须要对数据进行预处理。本文利用滑动中位数法对数据进行异常点去除,即建立1个滑动窗口,统计窗口内数据的中位数,若窗口内数据与中位数相差大于一定的阈值,则判定为异常点,对异常点和缺失数据点利用滑动窗口的均值补全。 + +表 1 波音 787 客机部分飞行数据 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
$T_{1}$$T_{2}$$T_{3}$...$T_{1000}$
$F/(kg/s)$0.6840.6890.696...0.678
$E_{ca}/K$939.15939.15942.15...941.15
$N_{1}/\%$81.181.081.5...80.9
$N_{2}/\%$101101100...100
$A_{13}/km$9.4849.4849,485...9.485
$T_{AB}/K$259.80259.77259.73...260.62
$V_{sv}/(^{\circ })$71.3472.2471.94...70.98
$Ma$0.8140.8150.813...0.814
$P_{3}/\mathrm {MPa}$1,4621,4701.487...1,442
$T_{3}/K$760.05760.65761.95...763.95
+ +注:$E_{GT}$ 为该发动机的排气温度;$N_{1}, N_{2}$ 分别为该发动机低、高压转子实际转速与额定转速的百分比,无量纲,实际建模时需要将其修正到标准大气压海平面状态下;$A_{LT}$ 为巡航阶段的飞行高度;$T_{AT}$ 为巡航阶段的外界大气总温;$V_{SV}$ 为发动机可调静子叶片偏离原设计的角度;$Ma$ 为飞行马赫数;$P_{3}, T_{3}$ 分别为高压压气机出口压力和出口温度。 + +在建模前需要将燃油流量、压力、温度和转速修正到标准大气压海平面状态下。在此引入温度修正因子 $\theta$ 和压力修正因子 $\delta^{[15]}$ + +$\theta=\frac{T_{AT}+273.15}{288.15}$ (1) + +$\delta=(3.5+0.7Ma^{2})\times(1-2.26\times10^{-5}H)^{5.23585},H\leqslant11000(2)$ + +$\delta=(3.5+0.7Ma^{2})\times0.224e^{-\frac{H-11000}{634.62}}$ (3) + +式中:H 为飞行高度,根据 $\theta$ 和 $\delta$ 对参数进行修正。 +温度修正公式为 + +$$T_{\mathrm{cm}}=\frac{T_{\mathrm{mw}}}{\theta}\tag{4}$$ + +式中:$T_{\text{cor}}$为修正后温度;$T_{\text{raw}}$为修正前温度。 +压力修正公式为 + +$P_{\mathrm{cor}}=\frac{P_{\mathrm{mw}}}{\delta}$ (5) + +式中:$P_{m}$ 为修正后压力;$P_{m}$ 为修正前压力。 +转速修正公式为 + +$N_{\mathrm{cr}}=\frac{N_{\mathrm{max}}}{\sqrt{\theta}} \quad (6)$ + +式中:$N_{\text{cor}}$ 为修正后转速;$N_{\text{raw}}$ 为修正前转速。 +燃油流量修正公式为 + +$F_{\mathrm{corr}}=\frac{F_{\mathrm{raw}}}{\delta \sqrt{\theta}} \quad (7)$ + +式中:$F_{\text{cor}}$为修正后燃油流量;$F_{\text{raw}}$为修正前燃油流量。 + +## 1.4 堆叠降噪自动编码器 + +自动编码器(Auto-Encoder,AE)是深度学习网络 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00075.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00075.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..20fd0cec1da19baa9b9fad26f063377b7848b25a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00075.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +根据悬臂端总挠度变形计算公式(5)可知,在该表达式中支承刚度同样是关于支承跨距$L$的函数,因此将支承刚度公式(9)和支反力公式(3)带入总挠度变形公式(5)中,可得总挠度变形关于支承跨距的函数表达式 + +$$\left\{\begin{aligned}\mu&=\mu_{s}+\mu_{t}=\frac{Fa^{3}}{3EI}\left(\frac{L}{a}+1\right)+\frac{F}{K_{1}}\left[\left(1+\frac{K_{1}}{K_{2}}\right)\frac{a^{2}}{L^{2}}+\frac{2a}{L}+1\right]\\ K_{1}&=0.237\times10^{5}\left(F\left(\frac{a}{L}+1\right)\right)^{0.1}n_{1}^{0.9}L_{1}^{0.2}\cos^{1.9}\beta_{1}\\ K_{2}&=0.237\times10^{5}\left(F\frac{a}{L}\right)^{0.1}n_{1}^{0.9}L_{1}^{0.2}\cos^{1.9}\beta_{2}\end{aligned}\right. \tag{10}$$ + +在支承跨距 L 取值范围 300 ~ 3300 mm 内,对联立后的悬臂端总挠度变形公式(10)进行数值计算,可得挠度变形随支承跨距的变化关系,如图4所示。从图4(a)中可见,跨距从 0.3 m 增加到 3.3 m 时,挠度变形先减小,然后不断增大,在 0.52 m 处挠度变形最小,因此通过数值计算方法得到的最佳支承跨距为 0.52 m,与解析表达式的计算结果一致。 + + + +(a) 全跨距挠度变化趋势 + + + +(b)最佳支承跨距附近挠度变化趋势 + +图 4 不同支承跨距下的静挠度变形 + +## 3 结论 + +(1) 针对某型航空发动机风扇增压级平衡工装的最佳支承跨距的参数设计问题进行研究,通过对分析模型求解,得到了最佳支承跨距计算的解析表达式。通过带入平衡工装的结构参数,得到了该型号风扇增压级平衡工装的最佳支承跨距,并且通过与数值计算结果对比,验证了最佳支承跨距计算解析表达式的正确性。 + +(2) 确定的最佳支承跨距计算方法可用于指导悬臂类航空发动机风扇增压级平衡工装最佳支承跨距的参数设计,在该支承跨距的参数条件下可以保证平衡工装悬臂端的变形最小,从而提高工装的平衡效果和平衡精度。 + +(3)所建立的最佳支承跨距的计算方法没有考虑振动测试面与不平衡量校正面之间平面分离误差及支点允许反力载荷的影响,因此在应用本文给出的最佳支承跨距的计算方法时,还应参考平衡设备的具体参数。 + +## 参考文献: + +[1] 付才高. 转子动力学及整机振动 [M]. 北京: 航空工业出版社, 2000: 401-403. +FU Caigao. Rotor dynamics and whole engine vibration [M]. Beijing: Aviation Industry Press, 2000: 401-403. (in Chinese) + +[2] 全国机械振动与冲击标准化技术委员会. GB/T 9239.1-2006 机械振动 恒态(刚性)转子平衡品质要求 第一部分: 规范与平衡允差的检验 [S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2007: 6-8. +National Technical Committee on Mechanical Vibrations and Impacts of Standardization Administration of China. GB/T 9239.1-2006 Mechanical vibration-balance quality requirements for rotors in a constant (rigid)-part1: specification and verification of balance tolerances [S]. Beijing: International Organization for Standardization, 2007: 6-8. (in Chinese) + +[3] 张济生. 主轴部件最佳支承跨距的精确计算 [J]. 制造技术与机床, 1996(4): 36-37. +ZHANG Jisheng. The accurate calculation of spindle bearing span [J]. Manufacturing Technology and Machine Tool, 1996(4): 36-37. (in Chinese) + +[4] 张国通. 高速陶瓷电主轴设计及动静态性能分析 [D]. 秦皇岛: 燕山大学, 机械工程学院, 2015. +ZHANG Guotong. Design and high-speed ceramic motorized spindle static and dynamic performance analysis [D]. Qinhuangdao: Yanshan University, Machinery Manufacturing Academic (in Chinese) + +[5] 裴大明, 冯平法, 郁鼎文. 基于有限元方法的主轴轴承跨距优化 [J]. 机械设计与制造, 2005(10): 44-46. + diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00076.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00076.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..93e5c843d2bb3b63068e568faae5eea61bac8dc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00076.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +新思揽华 + +## 关于区块链技术 +应用于我国档案利用工作的若干问题 + +文/马仁杰 李梦云 + +文章从区块链技术出发, 多角度全面探讨 “区块链+” 大背景下我国档案利用工作的若干问题, 以期引起更多档案学者的深入研究和探讨。 + +区块链技术将给我国档案利用工作带来颠覆性的改变。 + +第一,区块链技术对我国档案利用主体的影响。(1)档案利用者拥有双重身份。区块链档案工作系统中档案利用主体既是档案信息的利用者,也是档案信息的提供者、输入者、校验者以及管理者。(2)档案利用者更加大众化。区块链技术的应用将使档案利用者向更加大众化、平民化的方向发展。(3)档案利用需求增加。区块链系统中档案利用者可以突破时空限制,档案利用需求产生后利用者可在第一时间内获取所需档案信息,减少因时间间隔、利用等待等因素导致的利用需求减弱或消失的现象,以最快的速度满足公众的档案利用需求。 + +第二,区块链技术对我国档案利用客体的影响。(1) 档案信息资源爆炸式增长。多主体、广范围、不间断的档案信息收集过程与传统档案收集相比,档案信息资源将会爆炸式增长。(2) 档案信息资源共享化程度更高。区块链技术通过去中心化打破权威机构的中间信任保障,通过技术实现档案信息资源共享中不同档案部门间的信任以及档案信息的安全,让更多档案机构参与到信息资源共享建设中。 + +第三,区块链技术对我国档案利用过程的影响。(1)档案利用过程高度自助化。变档案部门积极主动提供利用服务为利用者自助选择利用信息。(2)档案利用流程进一步简化。利用者向系统提出请求、系统将所需信息传输到利用者个人终端,整个利用过程几乎无需档案工作人员的中间参与,能够进一步简化档案利用工作的流程。(3)档案利用过程更加安全。能够保证档案信息资源和利用者个人隐私不被非法窃取,并且能够保障档案利用过程的安全,让档案信息、利用行为、利用记录、利用者个人隐私等都得到保障。(4)档案利用行为自动留痕。区块链技术的时间戳特征能够对每一次档案查询、档案利用等行为按照时间顺序自动记录相关利用行为信息,及时留下利用痕迹。 + +区块链技术应用于我国档案利用工作存在的问题。第一,区块链非对称加密算法并非绝对安全。声称实现“量子霸权”的具有超快运算速度的量子计算机是目前区块链技术应用于档案利用工作中面临的最主要威胁。第二,网络攻击威胁区块链档案利用系统安全。区块链技术虽然以数据存储的高安全性为特点,但任何一种技术都并非攻无不克,任何技术的安全性都只是短时间内的相对安全,未来都终将被更加先进的技术找到突破口破解。第三,区块链技术在运行速度等方面存在瓶颈。信息存储和信息处理的运行速度较慢是区块链技术应用于档案利用工作最大的技术瓶颈。第四,区块链技术高昂的应用成本成为阻碍档案部门引入的主要原因。区块链技术的引入需要一次性高昂的成本投入,包括设备引进资金、人才引进资金、培训费用等。第五,区块链技术应用于我国档案利用工作实际案例几乎为零。目前我国关于区块链技术在档案利用工作中应用的研究项目与实际应用案例几乎为零,很难为区块链技术在档案利用工作中的实际应用和具体操作提供直接相关的经验。 + +区块链技术应用于我国档案利用工作的建议。第一,采用安全密码抵御量子霸权。组织研究团队专门研发能够抵抗量子计算的特殊加密算法,背道而行让量子计算无法破解;放弃区块链技术的底层密码,而采用更加安全的量子密钥。第二,建立新型区块链数据中心防火墙。将新型数据中心防火墙与区块链档案利用工作系统融合,建立专门保护区块链档案利用信息存储模块、利用者身份管理模块以及利用信息系统安全模块的数据中心防火墙。第三,培养专业人才破解安全与速度的悖论。档案部门可以和教育部门、区块链应用研究中心等部门开展合作,培养区块链技术应用于档案利用工作的专业对口人才,专向研究区块链档案利用工作系统运行速度较慢、节点信息吞吐量不够等难题,实现应用速度与信息安全两者兼顾。第四,建立区块链技术应用于档案利用工作的试点基地。先在我国经济发达地区挑选信息化程度较高、资金较充足的档案部门先行试点,在小范围内为区块链技术的应用寻找问题、解决问题并积累经验,待技术成熟稳定后再向全国范围内推广实行。第五,多措并举转变档案业界对区块链技术应用于档案利用工作的原有认知。将培训学习与加大资金支持两者结合;转变档案部门原有观念,加快实现区块链技术在我国档案利用工作中的实际应用,早日实现区块链技术与我国档案利用工作的深度融合。 + +[摘自《人大复印报刊资料·档案学》(京),2020.5;原文发表自《档案管理》(郑州),2020(4):29-33] + +作者单位:安徽大学 + +责任编辑:周拯民 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00077.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00077.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b212bc490a120aa7f8ae7bbb4ca2bcf70766fbf2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00077.md @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +形,其它压气机叶片正常;1号鸟残骸卡在主机匣约2点方向涡形叶片前缘;2号鸟有1支翅膀卡在主机匣约8点方向涡形叶片前缘;在0级导叶处有少量羽毛;在鼓风机内和其后正对固壁面上有少量羽毛和细小的残渣。 + +## 4.4 发动机分解检查 + +因第 1、2 次吞鸟试验和孔探检查正常,未对发动机进行分解检查。 + +第 3 次试验后, 发动机分解检查结果如下: 在鼓风机进口处卡着 2 只鸟, 经分析得知, 这 2 只鸟是第 1 次试验的 2 号鸟和第 3 次试验的 2 号鸟; 第 1 级压 + +气机 1 片叶片卷曲变形(如图 13 所示),另一相邻叶片也被击伤变形,变形量约 0.2 mm;第 2 级叶片盘叶尖有刮磨痕迹,对应的压气机涂层有轻微刮磨;压气机 0 级导叶前缘、第 2 级静子前缘处仍有羽毛黏结,其他正常。 + + + +图 13 第 1 级压气机叶片 +损伤情况 + +## 5 结论 + +综合上述研究和分析得出以下结论: + +(1)试验方法合理可行,试验专用设备满足试验要求; + +(2)在吞鸟过程中,发动机各参数均有明显波动,波动持续时间约为3 ~ 4 s,波动过后,功率恢复时间约为5 ~ 9 s,各参数达到最终状态时间约为90~95 s; + +(3)吞鸟后,发动机性能有衰减现象,其中功率损失最大,清洗有助于性能恢复; + +(4)吞鸟试验后,发动机的加速性和恢复稳态的能力降低; + +(5)在吞鸟试验中,与大鸟相比,小鸟更容易进入流道,对发动机性能产生更大影响,对发动机结构造成更大损伤; + +(6)带粒子分离器的发动机,鸟的残渣会经粒子分离器被鼓风机排出,鸟残骸的主要部分一般不会进入主流道。 + +本文研究成果可为同类或其它发动机的吞鸟试验提供参考。 + +## 参考文献: + +[1] Ilias Maragakis. Bird population trends and their impact on aviation safety 1999-2008[R]. E.T004-00, Cologne, EASA, 2009. + +[2] Turbomeca. 阿赫耶 1C 涡轴发动机合格鉴定试验和分析报告集[R]. + +长沙:湘江机器厂设计所,1983. +Turbomeca. Qualification test and analysis report set of arriel1C turboshaft engine [R]. Changsha: Xiangjiang Machinery Works Design Institute, 1983. (in Chinese) + +[3] 吴大观. 发动机吞鸟试验[J]. 航空标准化与质量, 1984(5): 29-31. +WU Daguan. Bird ingestion test of engine [J]. Aeronautic Standardization & Quality, 1984(5): 29-31. (in Chinese) + +[4] 葛洽美, 姜锡明. 军用航空涡喷和涡扇发动机吞鸟试验[J]. 航空发动机, 1998(1):32-38. +GE Zhimei, JANG Ximing. Bird ingestion test of military aviation turbojet engine and turbofan engine [J]. Aeroengine, 1998(1):32-38. (in Chinese) + +[5] 钱世光,葛洽美,姜锡明,等. GJB 3727-99. 航空发动机吞鸟试验要求 [S]. 北京:301 所,1999:1-7. +QIAN Shiguang, GE Zhimei, JIANG Ximing, et al. GJB 3727-99 Test of bird ingestion, aircraft engine, requirements for [S]. Beijing: 301 Institute, 1999: 1-7. (in Chinese) + +[6] 陈玮, 刘知理. 某涡轮轴发动机吞鸟试验方法研究[J]. 南华动力, 2013(2): 26-29. +CHEN Wei, LIU Zhili. Study of the method on bird ingestion test of a turboshaft engine[J]. Nanhua Powerplant, 2013(2): 26-29. (in Chinese) + +[7] 吴大观, 蔡旺水, 金兆丰, 等. GJB 242-87 航空涡轮螺桨和涡轮轴发动机通用规范 [S]. 北京: 301 所, 1988: 69. +WU Daguang, CAI Wangshui, JIN Zhaofeng, et al. GJB 3727-99 Test of bird ingestion, aircraft engine, requirements for [S]. Beijing: 301 Institute. 1988: 69. (in Chinese) + +[8] 沈顺高,崔中余,陈丹湖,等. GB 50454-2008 航空发动机试车台设计规范 [S]. 北京:中国计划出版社,2009:6-9. +SHEN Shungao, CUI Zhongyu, CHEN Danhu, et al. GB 50454-2008 Code for design of aeroengine test cell [S]. Beijing: China Planning Press, 2009:6-9. (in Chinese) + +[9] 王长喜, 李明亮, 刘选民. 英、美航空发动机部分特种地面试验简介 [J]. 航空发动机, 1998 (3): 54-61. +WANG Changxi, LI Mingliang, LIU Xuanmin. Brief introduction of some special ground tests for British and American aircraft engines [J]. Aeroengine, 1998 (3): 54-61. (in Chinese) + +[10] Demers C G. Large air transport jet engine design considerations for large and for flocking bird encounters [R]. East Hartford, Pratt&Whitney, 2009. + +[12] Goyal V, Huertas C, Borrero J, et al. Robust bird-strike modeling based on ALE formulation using LS-DYNA [R]. AIAA-2006-1759. + +[11] Howard W D. Turbonfan engine bird ingestion testing [R]. AIAA-91-2380. + +[13] Meguid S A, Mao R H, Ng T Y. FE analysis of geometry effects of an artificial bird striking an aeroengine fan blade[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2008, 35(6): 487-498. + +[14] Kermanidis T h, Labeas G, Sunaric M, et al. Bird strike simulation on a novel composite leading edge design [J]. International Journal of Crashworthiness. 2006. 11(3): 189-202. + +[15] Demers C G. Large air transport jet engine design considerations for large and for flocking bird encounters [C]// Bird Strike North America Conference, 2009. + +[16] Shorr B, Melnikova G, Tishchenko N, et al. Numerical and experimental analysis of a large bird Impact on fan blades for the certification purpose[C]// International Bird Strike Committee. IBSC27/WP VI-1-3. Athens, 2005. + +(编辑:李华文) diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00078.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00078.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ea41a0a7c0f0db93af5d837115dcec5b407a5c1e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00078.md @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ + + +图 7 数据中心能耗分布 + +DVFS 可根据实际运行情况对芯片的电压和运行频率做动态调整。Xue Lin 等$^{[19]}$提出了一个具有 DVFS 的任务调度方法,该方法在应用完成时间的硬约束下,最小化移动设备上一个应用的整个能耗。不同于传统的本地任务调度问题$^{[198]}$,在 DVFS 算法调度过程中,强化了任务优先级的需求;相对于文献中提到的任务调度算法,DVFS 的整个计算复杂度较小,但忽略了任务执行结果返回的能耗,这将会对算法应用的任务类型有所限制。 + +2)动态服务供给(ODPA,Online Dynamic Providing Algorithm) + +不断变化是用户请求的特性,因为请求方式未知,甚至不能提前预测。此外,本地服务器和公共IaaS云之间的通信代价也不能忽视,如果租用的虚拟机数量动态调整,那么这个通信代价也将呈现动态变化的特性。而且,IaaS云上的虚拟机租用价格也是变化的且不可预测。所有这些变化的因素都会对云服务供给产生很大作用。动态服务供给是指根据动态的用户需求,通过租用公共云上不同数量的虚拟机,SaaS提供者可以按比例扩展或缩减本身服务的计算能力。目前存在一些研究,如文献[199]和[200],都要求对用户需求和虚拟机价格有个预先的认识或做一个精确的预测,而且不考虑用户请求的动态性,这势必不能明确提高混合云的动态服务供给性能。针对上述问题,Li S等提出了一种应用基于云动态服务供给的系统模型$^{[182]}$,其框架如图8所示。 + +相较于以往的模型,ODPA 中用户的请求是任意的,不用对公共云上虚拟机的价格做精确预测,同时也会考虑本地服务和 IaaS 云间的通信代价;对于实际问题数据,使用 Lyapunov 优化框架进行理论建模,并根据实际应用情况,实现资源或服务的在线动态分配,比传统的理想化离线优化分配方法成本更低,更节能。 + +表 4 云数据中心节能研究 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
研究范围采用措施描述相关文献
服务虚拟化技术在一个服务器上生成多个虚拟机,可减少使用中硬件的数量并降低其操作开销,提高资源利用率,是降低服务器能耗的主要技术之一。[174][175][176][177]
[178][179][180][181]
[182][19]
动态功率管理通过降低计算服务的功率实现节能,主要采用使非活跃状态的服务器转到睡眠模式实现。
动态电压/频率扩展根据当前负载设置CPU 的功率。
网络自适应链接速率通过动态设置链路数据速率以减少链路能耗。[183][184][185][186]
[187][188][189][30]
虚拟网络嵌入通过最优化方法使用嵌入式算法在较少数量的物理设施上分配虚拟网络资源,同时使空闲网络资源关闭或转到休眠状态。
睡眠模式将空闲网络资源关闭或转到休眠状态。
绿色路由通过向较少数量的网络资源提供路由服务达到减少能量使用。
服务与网络的混合链路状态适配根据每个链路上流量的信息,功率控制器适应链路状态。[190][191][192][193]
[194]
服务器负载合并通过消除网络冗余降低能耗。即合并少量链接和交换上的业务量,
并关闭空闲的链接和交换。
网络业务量合并合并较少链接和交换中的网络业务量,并允许控制器关掉未用资源。
再生技术可再生能源应用实例:苹果的新北卡罗莱纳州数据中心,雅虎纽约数据中心,谷歌数据中心和微软数据中心。[195][196][197]
diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00079.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00079.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bd62157d823401b256a7abbae05bb25deebb7885 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00079.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ + + + + + + +叶冠拓扑优化的数学模型为$^{[17]}$ + +$\begin{cases} +Find: e=\{e_1,e_2,\cdots,e_n\}^T \\ +Min: P=\frac{\ln(SE)_{di} \cdot V_{di}}{\ln(SE)_{dD} \cdot V_{dD}} & (1) \\ +s.t.: (\sigma_{max})_i \leq \frac{(\sigma^*)_i}{s_i} +\end{cases}$ + +式中:$e_{i}$ 为设计变量,表征结构中的单元,取值为0或1,取值为0时代表删除单元,取值为1时代表保留单元,最终得到的e表征当前结构较原结构删除/保留单元的情况;P为无量纲目标函数,优化目标为使结构质量最轻、刚度最大;$V_{d}$为结构体积,$V_{di}$和$V_{d0}$分别为当前和初始结构总体积;$1/\ln(SE)_{d}$为结构刚度,结构刚度越大,在受力时抵抗弹性变形的能力越强,在激振力作用下的振幅越小,其中$(SE)_{di}$和$(SE)_{d0}$分别为当前和初始结构总应变能;$(\sigma_{\max})_r$,为第r个应力约束所表示的最大值;$(\sigma^{*})_r$,为第r个应力约束所表示的许用值;$s_{r}$为相应应力下的安全系数。 + +从图5中可见,优化后的锯齿冠相对于原叶冠多了许多折转的区域,少了一些尖角区,叶冠侧边的平直轮廓变成了曲边轮廓;可以从叶冠的轮廓看出叶尖叶形;封严篦齿以内的叶冠部分保持原有的形式。 + +典型锯齿冠拓扑优化后,经修复的最终模型去除了优化区域60.6%的体积,整圈叶冠质量降低了31g,去除部分的质量占叶片质量的2.4%。优化后的叶冠质心偏移0.3mm,其中,周向向叶背方向偏移0.17mm,轴向向前缘方向偏移0.26mm,径向向中心方向偏移0.01mm。 + +# 2 锯齿冠优化前后静强度对比 +## 2.1 边界条件设置及网格无关性验证 + +对叶冠优化前后的叶盘结构采用有限元计算进行强度分析:原始模型由叶片、轮盘、挡片组成。挡片与叶片、轮盘之间均有接触,主要作用是限制位移,将以相应的位移约束代替挡片结构。将整圈叶盘模型按照叶片数 $m$ 进行分割,取 $1/m$ 进行计算分析。叶盘结构的计算模型如图6所示。 + + +图 6 计算模型(经变形处理、榫接作遮挡处理) + +叶片材料为某铸造高温合金,轮盘材料为某锻造高温合金,计算中所涉及的叶片和轮盘材料参数分别见表1、2。 + +表 1 叶片材料参数 +
温度/℃杨氏模量/GPa泊松比温度/℃杨氏模量/GPa泊松比
201990.37001690.3
2001900.38001620.3
5001790.39001550.3
6001750.3
+注:材料密度为 8160 kg/m³。 + +表 2 轮盘材料参数 +
温度/℃杨氏模量/GPa泊松比温度/℃杨氏模量/GPa泊松比
202250.3455001960.365
3002030.3556001900.370
4002010.360
+注:材料密度为 8140 kg/m³。 + +设置约束和载荷:设置轮盘前安装边轴向位移为0;设置榫槽与榫头轴向相对位移为0代替挡片的约束;榫槽与榫头之间的接触模式设置为bonded;设置转速20000 r/min代替离心载荷;考虑到叶冠工作面的挤压应力和预扭应力的影响,叶冠边界条件采用叶冠法向位移协调并施加装配预紧力$^{[18]}$,叶冠装配预紧压力为40.3 MPa,施加在叶冠接触面上。 + +网格无关性验证分析见表3。从表中可见,采用10节点的四面体单元,考核点为静载荷下叶盘结构最大Von-Mises应力。经计算,不同网格尺寸下叶盘结构应力分布相同,最大Von-Mises应力位置均位于盘心处,且最大网格尺寸计算结果相较于最小网格尺寸的相对误差小于1%,故可使用表中coarse网格尺寸进行有限元计算,但进行拓扑优化时,由于需要得到精确轮廓,故需选择细密的网格。 + +表 3 网格无关性验证 +
网格尺寸尺寸 /mm单元数
叶片体网格轮盘体网格叶片网格轮盘网格
coarse0.631.0011823763265
medium0.500.76228852143232
fine0.400.60445922289608
总单元数最大 Von-Mises 应力 /MPa相对误差 /%
181502574.87-0.8
372084582.07-0.5
735530579.300
diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00080.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00080.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..153e70ae61ff9c82161d8673c4ddeb28497f65b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00080.md @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +善景区的服务速度、效率及其准确性。其次,由于景区的服务对象是来寻求愉快经历的游客,只有对管理感到满意的员工才能够为游客提供优质、高效率的服务,景区应采用不同的激励手段和激励方法促进员工的价值观念和行为方式的转变,为游客提供热情周到的服务。 + +## 6. 结语 + +运用 IPA 分析法,对制约景区服务质量的单因素或综合因素进行量化比较分析,有利于我们从不同层面认识制约景区服务质量因素的作用大小,采取更具有针对性的解决措施。高家堡景区的研究也给我们一些启示:在激烈竞争的市场环境下,旅游景区服务质量的提升需要景区经营管理者不断创新经营理念,研究旅游者的需求特点,围绕景区定位,挖掘景区的文化资源,开发特色文化旅游产品、旅游商品,丰富参与性、趣味性的旅游项目,增强景区的吸引力;完善景区内交通指示标识,提升游客游览的便利度和舒适感;优化景区服务流程,有效服务内部顾客,提升人员服务质量。真正把景区的既存优势转化为景区的核心竞争力,使文化、经济、服务等相互融合、相互促进,助力景区持续发展。 + +## 【参考文献】 + +[1] 刘智兴,马耀峰,李森. 基于游客感知-认知的北京市旅游形象影响因素评价研究 [J]. 干旱区域资源与环境,2015(03):203–208. + +[2] 王颖凌,刘亢,肖晓春. 基于游客感知的海南旅游公共服务质量提升研究 [J]. 西南大学学报(自然科学版),2014(12):135-140. + +[3] 刘军胜,马耀峰. 西安秦岭自驾游旅游服务质量评价研究 [J]. 干旱区资源与环境,2014(12):197-202. + +[4] 白颖. 关于我国旅游服务贸易存在问题的思考 [J]. 旅游纵览 (下半月), 2019 (09): 21-23. + +[5] 秦远好,刘德秀. 城镇居民对国内旅游服务质量感知评价研究 [J]. 西南大学学报(自然科学版),2015(04):47-54. + +[6] 李有绪,陈秋华. 福州市城郊森林旅游服务质量评价研究 [J]. 林业经济问题,2014(05):453-458. + +[7] 李萌. 基于智慧旅游的旅游公共服务机制创新 [J]. 中国行政管理, 2014(06): 64-68. + +[8] 黄阵仙. 福建省国际旅游服务贸易的问题与对策 [J]. 重庆科技学院学报 (社会科学版), 2015 (01): 55-56. + +[9] 郭英之. 旅游市场营销学(第三版)[M]. 大连:东北财经大学出版社,2016:35. + +[10] 杨维忠, 陈胜可, 刘荣. SPSS 统计分析从入门到精通 (第四版) +[M]. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2019: 399-412. + + + +(上接P195)处理效率$^{[6]}$。并且在5G技术的大环境下,一些政府机关也在互联网上进行业务的处理和办理,例如税务机关等,这样的大环境方便企业和国家机关的业务对接,更加有利于国家的宏观调控。并且在逐渐的发展过程中财务共享中心会逐渐由运营支持部门转变为盈利部门,财务共享中心的价值也将逐渐发挥出巨大的作用。 + + + +## 4. 结语 + +区块链技术在财务共享中的作用是非常大的,但是在现阶段,区块链技术还是处于不断的发展中,区块链技术要与实体业务对接,在技术和规则上还需要进一步开拓,区块链解决的所谓“不信任”问题其对象也只局限于区块链上的数据。因此,如果区块链要与实体业务对接,还需要进一步推动实体与数据之间跨域的“游戏规则”的建立。但是能看到的是在5G技术的大环境下,区块链技术的优势是无法忽视的,规则的建立需要长期进行,区块链技术在财务共享中的运用也会不断被挖掘。 + +## 【参考文献】 + +[1] 孙倩,杜学凯,张忠华. 5G 环境下区块链技术对财务共享的影响 [J]. 商业经济,2019,513(05):149-150+157. + +[2] 陈小君,石子薇. 区块链技术嵌入财务共享服务对会计信息质量的影响研究 ——基于优化支付业务的视角 [J]. 吉林工商学院学报,2019,035(002):58-64. + +[3] 董文静. 区块链技术视角下的财务共享模式建设研究 [J]. 商情, 2018(038): 49-50. + +[4] 吴丽梅,丁洁,王深菀,等. 基于区块链技术的财务共享模式架构 [J]. 会计之友,2019(002):149-154. + +[5] 张家华. 基于区块链技术对财务共享模式的可行性分析及应用研究 [J]. 西部皮革, 2019, 041(008): 52-52. + +[6] 余芳. 财务共享环境下管理会计信息化的实施策略探究 [J]. 现代营销:学苑版,2016(12):149-149. + +[7]SWAN M.Blockchain: blueprint for a new economy[M]se-bastopol, CA, USA: O'Reilly Media, 2018. + +[8]primecoin Website [DB/OL].http://prime-coin.io/, 2018-02-09 + +[9] 刘芳. 浅析企业业财一体化模式 [J]. 财讯, 2019(6): 75-76. + +[10] 黄苗. 区块链概念在财务共享管理方面的思考和借鉴 [J]. 理财(财经版),2018(004):44-46. diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00081.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00081.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5ff30b87fd0ceb8954e95acd16dfcd66823c79e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00081.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ + +为周边市民的城市公园;近郊型煤矿工业遗产位于城市的发展边缘区域,生态环境基础相对较好,并且受城市用地发展和相关政策的影响,大多数近郊型煤矿工业遗产再利用时转变为城郊主题公园和煤矿主题博物馆。 + +表 4-3 煤矿工业遗产再利用方法 + +
再利用方法类型案例分析内容图片示意
生态改善提升城区型唐山南湖国家城市湿地公园将原有的采矿塌陷区进行生态改善提升,现作为市民生态休闲区
置入展示功能城区型潍坊坊子炭矿博物馆坊子炭矿遗址文化园通过对多种的展示方式,向人们再现了曾经坊子炭矿的煤炭生产情况
商业综合开发城区型德国奥伯豪森中心购物区依托原有的生产厂房,改造为消费综合体,吸引了来自荷兰等地的购物、休闲和度假的周末游客
生态改善提升近郊型辽源国家矿山湿地公园辽源国家矿山湿地公园的建设对区域生态环境的改善发挥了至关重要的作用
农业经济种植近郊型朔州太保露天矿在矿区内设置蔬菜大棚、饲草基地、中药材基地、植树造林基地
+ +来源:作者自绘(图片来源网络) + +景观生态资源上,远郊型煤矿工业遗产虽然自然生态景观遭到了一定程度的破坏,但是由于其所处区域远离城市,受城市化进程的影响相对较低,通过一定的方式可以修缮和提升其景观环境,并且周边生态环境较为丰富,有着多样地形高差的变化,有着多层次的生物圈,容易形成不同特征风格和区域内特有产品, diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00082.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00082.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1762f64977716f2e34227f250589e5f8f205c12d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00082.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +## 在线新经济发展的影响因素和路径研究 * + +陆岷峰$^1$,徐阳洋$^2$ + +(1. 南京工业大学互联网金融创新发展研究中心, 江苏 南京 210001; + +2. 利安人寿保险股份有限公司,江苏 南京 210019) + +摘 要:在线新经济作为数字经济发展的一种重要形式,是中国经济迈向质量发展中的重要推动力量。此次新冠肺炎疫情的爆发在给线下经济带来严重负面影响的同时,为在线经济提供了发展契机。未来随着疫情防控的结束,在线新经济发展突发性的驱动力会减弱,但科技的持续发展、电子设备的普及、新基建的建设加码,居民收入的提高,人力资本升级以及企业降低成本等因素会为在线新经济提供源源不断的发展动力,使得在线经济始终保持高速增长。因此,根据在线新经济独特的马太效应、边际成本较低、外部经济性较强、具有较高的渗透性等特点,为进一步推进在线经济的健康发展、规范在线经济市场,应进一步加快新型信息基础设施建设,大力培育壮大市场主体,积极培育新业态新模式,加大金融支持力度,强化要素保障,健全安全保障体系。 + +关键词:金融科技;科技革命;人工智能;在线新经济;马太效应 + +中图分类号:F832.39 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1007-9041-2020(11)-0000-12 + +## 一、引言 + +新冠肺炎疫情爆发为线下经济造成了严重的负面影响,旅游、餐饮、工厂等纷纷停工停产,2020年第一季度GDP表现为负增长,下降了6.8%。但是危机中往往也蕴含着机遇,伴随着线下经济的衰退,在线新经济发展势头迅猛,逆势上涨。在线新经济就是在数字技术的作用下和传统产业发生深度融合而产生出的新业态、新模式,用线上资源带动线下的生产活动,具有在线化、智能化、交互性等特点。在线教育、在线医疗、在线购物、在线办公、在线娱乐等“云端”经济十分火热,居民足不出户就可以实现吃喝玩乐购,拼多多、哔哩哔哩、美团点评、饿了么、盒马鲜生等互联网新时代企业业绩实现逆向增长,其中,北京地区在春节期间网络买菜的订单量暴增近3倍,饿了么订单暴增9倍,盒马鲜生在一线城市的订单量基本都增加了5-10倍,每日优鲜在春节期间交易量同比也大规模增加。 + +收稿日期:2020-08-16 + +作者简介:陆岷峰,男,博士、教授,供职于南京工业大学互联网金融研究中心(江苏省高校哲社重点建设基地); +徐阳洋,男,供职于利安人寿保险股份有限公司董事会办公室。 + +\* 本文受迪普思数字经济研究所省级年度重大项目《数字经济下的线上经济发展战略研究》(项目编号:DPSSYS20210106)的资助。感谢匿名审稿人的宝贵意见。文责自负。 diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00083.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00083.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..840773c0eb26fe4bbbe11dacd7038bfafedb2d42 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00083.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ + + + +$$\min_{s,h,Q} p(s,N)Q + \mu(s+h)$$ + +$St:f(b,Q)=C$ + +其 $f(h,Q)$ 中 $h$ 是家庭生产所需投入时间, $Q$ 是投入市场品的数量, $\mu$ 是机会成本。假设家庭能够自由支配家庭生产时间, 建立拉格朗日函数得 + +$-\frac{\partial p}{\partial s}Q = \mu$ +(3) + +$\frac{\partial f}{\partial h} \lambda = \mu$ + +$$\frac{\partial p}{\partial Q}Q+p=\lambda\frac{\partial f}{\partial Q} \tag{5}$$ + +给定食物制作参数、时间投入以及消费需求量,能够获得食物消费量 $C=f(h,Q)$,最终获得消费支出的变化。 + +$$\frac{\frac{\partial f}{\partial b}}{\frac{\partial f}{\partial Q}}=-\frac{\frac{\partial p}{\partial s}Q}{\frac{\partial p}{\partial Q}Q+p} \tag{6}$$ + +Aguilar 等(2007)在证实了上述影响机制外还发现该研究结在非食物消费中同样存在。这意味着,退休后个体的时间再分配导致了消费支出下降。 + +“退休消费之谜”的讨论对理解生命周期理论的内涵大有裨益,该理论中提及平滑消费指平滑实际消费而非消费支出。即退休个体会增加食物制作和购买时间来保证同等品质的食物价格更低(Cairoblanco,2010)。但这种平滑消费能力也受到其他因素的影响:Bernheim等(2001)发现,不同收入水平的家庭,食物消费支出降幅存在显著差异。Lundberg(2003)发现,已婚夫妇的家庭的男主人退后食物消费支出下降,而该结论在单身家庭不成立。Ameriks等(2007)对发现受教育程度高的家庭退休后消费变化更小。 + +## 三、结论与展望 + +本文对国外“退休消费之谜”相关研究综述后归为四方面:第一,退休后消费支出急剧下降的现象客观存在;第二,“退休消费之谜”称为“食物退休消费之谜”更为恰当;第三,若考虑家庭生产,消费下降可以理解;第四,消费支出下降程度存在异质性。 + +当前对我国现有研究发现研究多集中在证实“退休消费之谜”的存在性,一些认为我国存在退休后消费支出的下降(李宏彬等,2015;邹红等,2015),另一些研究结论相反(黄娅娜等,2016;石贝贝,2017),未来研究需在此基础上关注以下几个方面:第一,重视不同家庭成员退休的影响。比如与子女同住老人退休后,子女对老人的支持能否抵消退休带来的不利影响;与配偶同住老人,妻子和丈夫退休对家庭的消费影响是否存在差异。第二,需考虑制度特殊性。除强制性退休外,我国90年代的下岗和提前退休对消费的影响值得关注。第三,收入分配差距并未显著缩小,退休是否会进一步拉大不同群体之间的贫富差距。 + +## 参考文献: + +[1]Dilnot, R. Disney, P. Johnson. Pensions Policy in the UK: An Economic Analysis [R]. Mpra Paper, 1994. + +[2] Aguiar M, Hurst E. Consumption versus Expenditure[J]. Journal of Political Economy, 2005, 113(05): 919–948. + +[3]Aguilar M, Hurst E. Life-Cycle Prices and Production[J]. The American Economic Review, 2007, 97(05): 1533–1559. + +[4]Ameriks J, Caplin A, Leahy J V, et al. Retirement Consumption: Insights from a Survey [J]. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2007, 89(02): 265–274. + +[5]Banks J, Blundell R, Tanner S, et al. Is there a retirement-savings puzzle? [J]. The American Economic Review, 1998, 88(04):769-788. + +[6] Battistin E, Brugiavini A, Rettore E, et al. The Retirement Consumption Puzzle: Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Approach[J]. The American Economic Review, 2008, 99(05):2209–2226. + +[7]Bernheim B D, Skinner J S, Weinberg S A, et al. What Accounts for the Variation in Retirement Wealth Among U. S. Households [J]. The American Economic Review, 2001, 91(04): 832–857. + +[8]Cho I. The Retirement Consumption in Korea: Evidence from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study[J]. Global Economic Review, 2012, 41(02): 163-187. + +[9]Fisher J D, Johnson D S, Marchand J, et al. The Retirement Consumption Conundrum: Evidence from a Consumption Survey [J]. Economics Letters, 2008, 99 (03): 482–485. + +[10] Luengoprado M J, Sevilla A. Time to Cook: Expenditure at Retirement in Spain [J]. The Economic Journal, 2013, 123(569): 764–789. + +[11] Lundberg S J, and Startz R, Stillman S, et al. The retirement-consumption puzzle: a marital bargaining approach [J]. Journal of Public Economics, 2003: 1199–1218. + +[12]黄娅娜,王天宇.退休会影响消费吗?——来自中国转型期的证据[J].世界经济文汇,2016(01):87-107. + +[13]李宏彬,施新政,吴斌珍.中国居民退休前后的消费行为研究[].经济学(季刊),2015,01:117-134. + +[14]石贝贝,我国城乡老年人口消费的实证研究——兼论“退休--消费之谜”[J].人口研究,2017,41(03):53-64. + +[15]邹红,喻开志.退休与城镇家庭消费:基于断点回归设计的经验证据[J].经济研究,2015,50(01):124-139. + +*本文获得中国老龄办专项资金资助。 + +(作者单位:北京邮电大学世纪学院。李保升为通讯作者) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00084.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00084.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..22dc4e2c4ac01bd8fa528355934fd59a13d536d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00084.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ + + +图 2 智慧工地内外系统框架 + +## 4 结论 + +随着先进信息技术的发展,建筑业正面临着重大变革,智慧工地则是面向建设工程现场的变革方向之一。通过回顾近年来国内外智慧工地相关研究,目前研究成果主要集中于典型应用、基础信息技术(如BIM技术、物联网等在智慧工地的应用)、技术集成,本文认为智慧工地研究还存在数据分析模型、应用机制、智能机器与传统人工机械协同、技术集成平台四个方面需进一步研究。最后本文通过探讨信息流和物质流与智慧工地的关系,提出了智慧工地所需要解决的四个目标问题,进一步完善了智慧工地的概念,希望为后续研究提供参考。 + +## 参考文献 + +[1] 顾威,沈阳工地用工管理智能化[J]. 农村百事通,2013,16:68. + +[2] 蒋水林、杨茂林,戴龙伟.联通“智慧工地”:助力建筑行业安全高效[J].人民邮电,2013,12. + +[3] Sabrina Fassbender, Siegfried Suchanek. Intelligent Site Energy Monitoring & Management. INTELEC(r) 2013, Hamburg. + +[4] 万晓曦.“互联网+”提速智慧工地[J].中国建设信息化,2015,20:25-27. + +[5] 王金龙,吴文杨、孟斐,基于“互联网 ”概念的地铁施工现场安全管理分析[J]. 山西建筑, 2016, 02: 245-246. + +[6] 韩啸虎,余鹏果.基于全过程质量安全监管平台的智慧工地的研究与实现[J]. 国际公关,2019,05:160-161. + +[7] 李正,许前江,张峰,等,智慧工地系统在建筑施工过程中的应用[J]. 建筑电气,2017(9):63-66. + +[8] Ibukun Awolusi, Eric Marks, Matthew Hallowell. Wearable technology for personalized construction safety monitoring and trending: Review of applicable devices[J]. Automation in Construction, 2018, 85: 96-106. + +[9] 庄琳,面向智慧工地的塔机安全管理大数据的研究[J].网络安全技术与应用,2019:131-133. + +[10] 靳薇,曾勃,董良,等.面向智慧工地的塔机安全管理人数据分析初探[J].建筑机械化,2018(03):22-27. + +[11] Weili Fang, Lieyun Ding, Bao Zhong, et al. Automated detection of workers and heavy equipment on construction sites: A convolutional neural network approach[J]. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 2018 (37): 139–149. + +[12] Agnes Kelm, Lars Laubat, Anica Meins Becker, et al. Mobile passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) portal for automated and rapid control of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) on construction sites[J]. Automation in Construction, 2013, 36: 38-52. + +[13] Jian Liu, Chuan-zheng Hu. Application of Information Technology in Active Safety Control for Construction Machine [J]. Procedia Engineering, 2017, 174: 1182-1189. + +[14] 罗瑞,戴超,袁渊,等.基于智慧工地大数据管理平台的建筑劳务工人管理探索与应用[C]//第四届高层与超高层建筑论坛暨2019中国建筑学会工程建设学术委员会年会论文集,2019. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00085.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00085.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3c4d47a7bae3482f8fd21385f06f1d307a779381 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00085.md @@ -0,0 +1,301 @@ +表 6 1998 ~ 2007 年引用《中国科技期刊研究》的期刊分布情况 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
引用篇次12345678910~1920 次以上合计
期刊种数2491306543231971262215591
百分比(%)42.1322.0011.007.233.893.211.182.031.023.722.54100.00
+ +由表6可以看出,《研究》中的2025篇论文分别被591种期刊引用。其中42.13%(249种)的期刊引用《研究》1次;22.00%(130种)的期刊引用2次;11.00%(65种)的期刊引用3次;22.34%(132种)的期刊引用4~19次;2.54%(15种)的期刊引用《研究》20次以上。这15种期刊的引用文献排名见表7。591种引用期刊涉及学科范围较广,将其分为高校学报类期刊和哲学、社会科学总论、政治与法律、经济、出版事业、图书情报、科学研究、教育、职业技术教育、体育、自然科学总论、数理科学和化学、天文学与地球科学、生物科学、医药与卫生、农业科学、工业技术、交通运输、航空、环境科学与安全科学等类期刊。统计结果见表8。 + +表 7 1998 ~ 2007 年引用《中国科技期刊研究》的期刊排名表 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
排名引用文献刊名引用论文篇数百分比(%)累计引用论文篇次百分比(%)
1中国科技期刊研究137749.13298349.10
2编辑学报52218.6272111.87
3现代情报1234.391372.26
4农业图书情报学刊973.461171.93
5科技与出版873.101031.70
6编辑之友682.43901.48
7中山大学学报论丛451.61470.77
8沈阳农业大学学报(社会科学版)381.36420.69
9科技编辑研究381.36410.67
10黑龙江水专学报260.93330.54
11情报学报240.86310.51
11医学信息270.96300.49
13宁波大学学报(教育科学版)281.00280.46
14江汉大学学报(社会科学版)270.96270.44
15临沂师范学院学报190.68220.36
+ +注:累计引用论文篇次指各期刊引用1998~2007年《中国科技期刊研究》的论文总次数。 + +表 8 1998 ~ 2007 年引用《中国科技期刊研究》的期刊类型分布 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
类别种数百分比篇次百分比(%)类别种数百分比篇次百分比(%)
高校学报34658.54109918.09自然科学总论152.54661.09
哲学20.3420.03数理科学和化学91.52120.20
社会科学总论132.20230.38天文学、地球科学61.0280.13
政治、法律20.3420.03生物科学20.3490.15
经济30.5140.07医药、卫生9415.912323.82
出版事业111.86400965.99农业科学172.88340.56
图书情报254.234617.59工业技术223.72580.95
科学研究40.68170.28交通运输10.1730.05
教育91.52140.23航空10.1710.02
职业技术教育10.1720.03环境科学、安全科学30.5170.12
体育50.85120.20合计591100.006075100
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00086.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00086.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..88fe137d34c0911a8ef2359490959960e025f85d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00086.md @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
职业岗位岗位工作任务职业能力学习领域课程课程模块
病理管理智能病理诊断系统数字化病理全切片图像扫描、传输、存储病理样本的显微图像分析处理及辅助诊断智能病理职业技能模块
病理管理智能病理标本管理系统病理检查申请、病理标本登记、取材信息管理、切片信息登记。病理标本信息化管理智能病理职业技能模块
+ +(1)掌握临床标本的病理取材技术; + +(2)熟悉高新分子诊断技术(PCR 技术、FISH 等技术); + +(3)熟悉细胞检测技术,细胞培养技术; + +(4)熟悉智慧病理,远程病理诊断技术。 + +## 五、病理学技术微专业课程总体设计分析 + +病理学技术专业以培养学生的岗位能力和职业素养为目标,按照学生的认知规律,理论知识够用为主的原则,要求学生具备系统的病理技术基础知识,临床医学知识,病理检验专业知识,综合安排基础理论教学内容;以培养病理检验技能型人才为目标,以岗位技能操作为主的则安排病理技能模块教学内容;并与行业病理专家共同授课,分解病理技术岗位的职业技能,设计微专业的课程体系。 + +微专业教学分为二个模块:基础知识模块和职业技能模块。注重素质、知识、技能三者的交叉培养,以实践和实验课程为主,培养学生以病理检验岗位职业能力为核心能力,兼顾培养细胞检测,分子生物技术等不同就业岗位的多方面能力。其特点为:进入行业岗位,聘请行业专家指导理论及实践教学,并始终贯穿于教学过程;在学生中定期开展病例讨论,学以致用;开课伊始,即安排学生进入岗位学习,使学生提早接触临床,接受职业熏陶,大部分病理技术的课程及分子病理学技术课程均在医院病理科授课;课程考核内容不仅包括技能要求,也包括着装、语言、实验准备的要求,培养学生具有良好的职业道德、敬业精神,有较强的人际沟通能力和健康的身心素质,能在各级医院病理科、中心实验室、疾控中心等从事病理检验技术工作的专门技能型人才。 + +## 参考文献 + +[1] 梁雄, 马将, 徐斌, 等. 探讨基于机械类微专业课程体系建设 [J]. 教育现代化, 2020, 7(33): 88-91. + +[2] 王克杰, 林秋兰, 林竞. 试析病理技术人员规范化培训 [A]. 首届环渤海地区病理技术新进展研讨会论文汇编 [C]. 2013: 50-52. + +[3]陈军芳.二级以上医院病理技术人员现状及需求分析[J].中国现代医药杂志,2017,19(12):104-105. + +[4]金月玲,李晓芳,何钟磊,等.上海市二级甲等以上医院病理科技人员组成状况调查[J].卫生职业教育,2012,30(10):101-102. + +[5]吴志川.病理技术质量控制常见问题与对策[J].大家健康(学术版),2012,6(19):102-104. + +[6]俞利辉,阮华娟.基层医院病理技术水平状况与改进措施[J].中医药管理杂志,2018,26(9):181-183. + +[7]卞修武,平轶芳.我国病理学科发展面临的挑战和机遇[J].第三军医大学学报2019,41(19):17-19. + +[8] 张世豪, 冼丽英, 高敏, 等. 基于深度学习的人工智能在病理诊断的应用进展与展望 [J]. 中国医学创新, 2018, 15(25): 130-132. + +[9]许燕,汤烨,闫雯,等.病理人工智能的现状和展望[J].中华病理学杂志,2017,46(09):593-595. + +[10]吴孟晏,李丽.浅析我国病理技术专业人才培养现状[J].卫生职业教育,2020,38(12):13-14. + +[11]董建强,田玉旺.病理技术学科的规范化与质量控制[J].诊断病理学杂志,2013,20(12):737-739. + +## On the Importance of Intelligent Pathology Technology Micro-specialty in Improving Clinical Pathological Diagnosis + +JIN Yue-ling$^1$, YANG Zhi-fang$^1$, LI Yan-fei$^1$, DAI Zhen-sheng$^2$ + +(1. Department of Pathology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; 2. Departments of Oncology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, China) + +**Abstract** Micro-specialty is a professional course oriented by students' occupation from the perspective of employment and market demand. The setting of micro-specialty can make up for the matching problem between university specialty setting and the skill needs of employers. The establishment of pathology technology micro-specialty is not only a supplement to the skills of medical technology, but also a supplement to the shortage of pathological technicians. Combined with the current era of the intersection of molecular biology technology and artificial intelligence, this paper establishes the intelligent pathological technology micro-specialty, which plays a very important role in improving clinical pathological diagnosis and provides reference for the establishment of pathology technology specialty in colleges and universities. + +**Key words:** micro-specialty; pathology technology; intellectualization; pathological diagnosis \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00087.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00087.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..28a9dc483b6835134e5bf7425d2f63f3c836bfe6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00087.md @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ + + +图 13 $\mathbf{X}^2$ BOT __V__ 2.0 __实物图__ + + + +图 14 移动机器人路径规划 + +但是生成路径存在大量不必要的冗余转折点,导致机器人移动不连贯和实用性差。为此,本文提出的一种改进RRT * 算法,通过引入局部逆序试连策略,能够减少规划路径中的冗余节点,缩短路径长度,使得规划路径更加平滑,更适用于室内移动机器人路径规划。仿真实验和机器人路径规划实验表明,改进后的RRT * 算法规划的路径更接近最优路径,且路径规划耗时更少。在实际应用中,能够有效避免移动机器人在转向区域出现多次停顿和换向,保证机器人移动连贯性。 + +## 参考文献: + +[1] 朱大奇,颜明重.移动机器人路径规划技术综述 [J].控制与决策,2010,25(7):4-10. + +[2] Jeddisaravi K, Alitappeh R J, Apimenta L C, et al. Multi-objective approach for robot motion planning in search tasks [J]. Applied Intelligence, 2016, 45 (2): 305-321. + +[3] 张红梅,李明龙,杨乐.基于改进 A~*算法的移动机器人安全路径规划 [J].计算机仿真,2018,35(4):324-329. + +[4] 裴以建,杨超杰,杨亮亮.基于改进 RRT* 的移动机器人路径规划算法 [J]. 计算机工程, 2019, 45 (5): 291-296. + +[5] 任子玉.智能车自主避障路径规划研究综述 [J].软件导刊,2017,16(10):209-212 + +[6] Lavalle S M. Rapidly—Exploring Random Trees; A New Tool for Path Planning [R]. Ames, USA; Iowa State University, 1998. + +[7] 宋 宇,王志明,改进 RRT 移动机器人路径规划算法 [J]. 长春工业大学学报,2018,39(6):32-36 + +[8] 杜明博,梅涛,陈佳佳,等.复杂环境下基于 RRT 的智能车辆运动规划算法 [J].机器人,2015(4):61-68. + +[9] 王全,王维,李焱,等.基于混合策略的轮式机器入路径规划方法 [J].计算机工程与应用,2014(4):45-49. + +[10] Karaman S, Frazzoli E. Sampling-based algorithms for optimal motion planning [M]. Sage Publications, Inc 2011. + +[11] M Jordan & A Perez Optimal Bidirectional Rapidly Exploring Random Trees. [R]. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Technical Report 2013. + +[12] Ahmed Hussain Qureshi, Yasar Ayaz, Intelligent bidirectional rapidly—exploring random trees for optimal motion planning in complex cluttered environments [J]. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 2015, 68: 1-11. + +[13] Sertac Karaman, Matthew R. Walter, Alejandro Perez, et al Anytime Motion Planning using the RRT [A]. 2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation [C]. 2011: 1478-1483. + +[14] Karaman S, Frazzoli E. Incremental Sampling-based Algorithms for Optimal Motion Planning [A]. Robotics: Science and Systems Conference [C]. 2010, 267-274. + +[15] Jeong I B, Lee S J, Kim J H, RRT * - Quick; A Motion Planning Algorithm with Faster Convergence Rate [J]. advances in intelligent systems & computing, 2015, 345: 67-76. + +[16] Gammell J D, Srinivasa S S, Barfoot T D. Informed RRT*: Optimal Sampling-based Path Planning Focused via Direct Sampling of an Admissible Ellipsoidal Heuristic [J]. Computer Science, 2014 (4): 2997-3004. + +(上接第231页) + +[4] Schmidl T M, Cox D C. Robust frequency and timing synchronization for OFDM [J]. IEEE Trans Commun, 1997, 45 (12): 1613-1621. + +[5] Minn H, Zeng M. On timing offset estimation for OFDM systems [J]. IEEE Communications Letters, 2000, 4 (7): 242-244. + +[6] Park B, Cheon H, Kang C, et al. A novel timing estimation method for OFDM systems [J]. IEEE Communications Letters, 2003, 7 (5): 239-241. + +[7] Ren G, Chang Y, Zhang H, et al. Synchronization method + +based on a new constant envelope preamble for OFDM systems [J]. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 2005, 51(1): 139-143. + +[8] Meng J, Kang G. A novel OFDM synchronization algorithm based on CAZAC sequence [A], international conference on computer application and system modeling [C]. 2010. + +[9] 张 磊. LTE 上行链路 SC-FDE 同步技术研究 [D]. 杭州: 杭州电子科技大学, 2012. + +[10] 王香利. SC-FDE 系统中的频域均衡技术研究 [D]. 郑州: 河南工业大学, 2010. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00088.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00088.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6f5cc8b2952dbe81b884af8c1a3e66b6ed834300 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00088.md @@ -0,0 +1,295 @@ +余部门均稳步提升。 + +显示性比较优势系数(RCA)表示一个国家或地区某商品的出口值在该经济体全部出口商品总值中的占比,用全球此商品出口值占全球此商品出口总值占比的比例,可以衡量某一部门或商品的比 + +较优势。从表2可以看出,中国制造业传统优势产业ROC指数下滑,在2014年同德国相比相对优势减弱,而$C_{15}$、$C_{16}$、$C_{17}$、$C_{18}$、$C_{19}$、$C_{29}$及$C_{21}$的指数上升,竞争差距开始消减,其他部门保持平稳。美国制造业的颓势在可以从数据上明显得到结论。 + +表 2 2000–2017 年中国制造业 $C_{05}-C_{22}$ 全球价值链参与度与 RCA 系数 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
行业参与度显示性比较优势系数RCA
2000 年2017 年2000 年2014 年
参与度简单复杂参与度简单复杂CHNDEUUSACHNDEUUSA
食品、饮料制造业及烟草业$\mathrm {C}_{05}$0.4450.0720.0300.771.110.501.0870.8650.7131.0670.8410.717
纺织、服装及皮革制品制造业$\mathrm {C}_{06}$0.5510.1100.1461.111.161.023.1390.4480.2522.7600.3770.164
木头及木制品加工业;竹、码布制品$C_{07}$0.7420.1350.0821.151.310.951.8050.8200.5022.0160.6530.519
造纸及纸制品业$C_{08}$0.9590.1950.0840.650.511.080.9731.2411.2421.0101.3191.169
印刷业及记录媒介的复制业$\mathrm {C}_{09}$1.0090.1860.0751.091.081.111.1181.2080.9801.2821.1881.000
炼焦及石油加工$C_{10}$1.0950.0380.2711.372.970.771.3360.3541.1170.9770.3241.513
化学原料及化学制品制造业$C_{11}$0.9370.2130.1310.661.500.281.1951.4101.4261.1541.3481.434
基础制药业及药物制剂业$C_{12}$0.3620.0910.0430.901.040.760.3231.5121.5130.3201.6401.375
橡胶和塑料制品$C_{13}$1.0070.1750.1810.840.900.771.3351.6140.7311.3041.6140.758
非金属矿物制品$C_{14}$0.5910.1250.0711.011.880.671.6921.1290.5431.8721.0770.598
基础金属制品业$C_{15}$1.0490.2050.1100.520.500.571.7060.7740.5011.5120.8400.507
焊接金属制品业$C_{16}$0.9180.1820.1191.533.920.730.8801.7741.0540.9121.8311.101
电脑、电子产品及光学产品制造业$C_{17}$0.6160.1640.3180.730.581.151.9080.7251.3341.8360.7201.160
电子设备制造业$C_{18}$0.8000.1590.1650.070.070.071.7512.2280.6081.8002.1960.606
机械及设备制造$C_{19}$0.4830.1430.0810.840.900.771.2682.3290.9771.1542.4490.877
汽车、拖车及半拖车制造业$C_{20}$0.4780.1470.0673.143.063.260.5702.8400.6020.5473.1380.656
其他交通运输设备制造业$C_{21}$0.4830.1520.1043.313.233.450.9011.1362.2540.6891.0692.359
其他制造业$C_{22}$0.6230.0910.0981.110.901.811.2661.1500.9671.4941.2010.813
+ +注:参与度根据 ADB-MRIO2018 和 UIBE GVC Indicators 整理测算,RCA 根据 WIOD2016 测算,该数据库数据更新至 2014 年。 + +根据跨越国界的次数,跨境国际贸易可以分类为只跨越一次国境的简单跨境贸易以及至少包含两次跨境活动或涉及通过第三国的间接出口或再出口/再进口的复杂跨境贸易。表2中显示,$C_{21}$、$C_{20}$、$C_{19}$、$C_{16}$、$C_{14}$、$C_{10}$等参与度的升级主要源自简单跨境交易上升,期间$C_{12}$、$C_{15}$、$C_{17}$、$C_{22}$的简单参与度有所降低;而$C_{05}$、$C_{06}$、$C_{08}$、$C_{21}$、$C_{20}$、$C_{16}$深度参与的复杂跨境交易有所提高。与此同时,$C_{17}$、$C_{15}$、$C_{11}$、$C_{12}$、$C_{07}$则深度参与的复杂程度有所减弱。$C_{11}$、$C_{12}$、$C_{15}$、$C_{17}$部门的简单及深度参与均有所减弱。相比较而言,德国$C_{08}$、$C_{11}$、$C_{12}$、$C_{16}$、$C_{18}$在全球价值链上占据高端位置;中国在$C_{12}$、$C_{21}$、$C_{20}$位于相对高端的分工地位;美国的$C_{17}$和$C_{21}$、日本的$C_{06}$、$C_{09}$和$C_{20}$的前向联系参与程度更高。这与德、美、日的竞争优势相符合。显然在这些资本和技术密集型行业,无论前向还是后向参与度,中国均未呈现出高的嵌入度,国际贸易增加值更大的蛋糕被分派给资本和技术而非人力,尤其是全球性强势跨国企业的资本和技术。 + +## 四、数字化中国制造业价值链高端化固定效应回归实证 + +本部分将制造业数字化这一范畴界定为通讯业以及信息服务业对制造业各个部门的增加值投入。数字化投入包括软件服务、电路设计及测试服务、信息系统服务和业务流程管理服务。在构建模型中通过考虑研发强度以及数字化投入的交互项以测度数字化于制造业高端化的效应。在原始数据处理中,将中国统计年鉴中的制造业分类根据相近性原则对应为 ADB-MRIO2018 数据库中的 $C_{05}-C_{22}$ 18 个部门。 + +## (一)理论模型构建与释意 + +考虑数据的相关性和可得性,借鉴李馥伊(2018)$^{[19]}$、任奕达(2019)$^{[20]}$的相关研究,构建理论模型如下: \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00089.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00089.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..41e9474a0739a683faebdcffef8d973c5b86b4bd --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00089.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ + + +图 2 区块链税收风险管理智能合约模型 + +险管理系统中,依据各环节需求预先部署风险识别、等级排序和预警规则,涉税企业发生或改变交易行为均在税务机关的实时监控之下,一旦相关行为触及预先设定的条件,系统便会快速反应,实现税收风险的实时监控、自动识别和风险级别的客观排序以及主动性的风险预警,而税务专员收到系统的实时反馈后,即可依据不同等级风险迅速采取差异化的风险防控举措。在最后的绩效评价环节也可适当利用智能合约,设置相关评分机制对风险管控举措产生的成效进行打分评价,及时反馈管控效果,不断完善税收风险防控机制,真正做到防控税收风险“心中有数,防控有力”。 + +另外,还可以通过人工智能和大数据等技术,基于涉税企业的纳税和经营行为结合典型调查,为涉税企业做更加精准的画像,完善税收风险识别和预警的指标体系及特征库,更为精准地识别涉税风险与有效预警,改进目前较为被动迟缓的税收风险管控,向主动高效的税收风险治理转变和发展。 + +(四)应用区块链的公开透明促进纳税人的主动遵从 + +纳税人的税收不遵从行为,既有其本身对税收政策认知不足造成的少缴、漏缴税款,也有基于自身利益最大化而选择的自私性不遵从[10]。在目前的征管体制下,纳税人因其不遵从行为而受到惩戒的力度较低,还停留在补缴税款、罚款罚金的低层次,对涉税违法者也只是定期予以公示,并未产生强大威慑力,导致纳税人主动遵从度总体偏低,税收流失严重。将区块链技术应用于税收风险管理系统中,由于链上存储数据都通过了各节点的共识验证,且基于其不可篡改性可保真保质地在链上留下痕迹,纳税人必须对其所作所为的真实性负责,无形中产生了公示作用,能有力地促进纳税人合法经营与主动纳税[11]。另外,可在区块链税收风险管理系统中,实时公布和更新全网纳税人的税收遵从状况,进行自动排名,对遵从度较低的高风险纳税人在全网广播公示,予以警示和严厉惩戒;对主动遵从的纳税者则进行公示赞扬和适当奖励,进而形成纳税遵从状况的开放透明化。对主动遵从的纳税人一路开绿灯,对不遵从和低遵从者设置重重关卡,可从主观上提升纳税人主动遵从度,从客观上有限震慑低遵从者与不遵从者,从而减少税收流失,促进纳税公平。 + +## 四、结语 + +区块链技术的出现给世界各领域都带来新的机遇和挑战,也为税收风险管理的优化和发展提供了新的可能性。本文基于区块链技术特性探讨了其在税收风险管理中应用的可行性,分析了区块链技术与我国税收风险管理需求的良好契合性,并提出了具体的应用建议。首先,构建基于区块链的涉税信息共享平台,以提升税务机关获取涉税信息的准确性与完整性;其次,应用可追溯性和不可篡改性助力形成完整可追溯的涉税证据链条体系,以严厉打击税收违法行为;再次,利用智能合约机制实现税收风险自动识别和预警;最后,借助区块链的公开透明性进一步提升纳税人的主动遵从度,减少税收流失风险。本文的研究为完善我国税收风险管理机制提供了新思路,但目前区块链技术还处于初级发展阶段,对各场景应用的适应性分析不够深入和全面,具体落地到实践中还需进一步探讨。 + +## 【参考文献】 + +[1] 王晓玲. 区块链技术在打骗打虚工作中的构建与应用 [J]. 税务研究, 2019(2): 119-124. + +[2] 夏智灵. 税收风险管理的理论和实践 [J]. 税务研究, 2017(1): 117-120. + +[3] 夏璟华, 杨东旭. 税收风险管理存在的问题与应对措施 [J]. 天津经济, 2017(5): 30-34. + +[4] 贾宜正, 章荩今. 区块链技术在税收治理中的机遇与挑战 [J]. 会计之友, 2018(4): 142-145. + +[5] 汤晓冬, 周河山. 基于区块链技术的税收治理框架构建 [J]. 税务研究, 2018(11): 98-104. + +[6] 董志学, 张义军, 宋涛. 基于区块链技术的税务管控路径研究 [J]. 税务研究, 2018(4): 108-112. + +[7] 邵奇峰, 金澈清, 张召, 等. 区块链技术: 架构及进展 [J]. 计算机学报, 2018, 41(5): 969-988. + +[8] 杨杨, 杜剑, 罗翔丹. 区块链技术对税收征纳双方的影响探析 [J]. 税务研究, 2019(2): 114-118. + +[9] 姚林香, 金鹰. 加强税收风险管理的国际借鉴 [J]. 税务研究, 2016(8): 92-95. + +[10] 张之乐. 以区块链技术促进纳税遵从的设想 [J]. 税务研究, 2017(12): 108-111. + +[11] 杨雷鸣, 朱波, 苏宇. 关于应用区块链技术提升税收风险管理的思考 [J]. 税务研究, 2019(4): 77-80. + diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00090.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00090.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2c9130a4eac73f6b01aba80204b51e2ae5be323f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00090.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +释,且在各个学科学界内所强调的内容也有所不同。如图表 3-1 是对农业后生产主义其内涵特征一些代表性的总结。 + +表 4-1 各专家对“后生产主义”内涵的总结 + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Brian W.
Ilbery
(1998)
已知的特征:
· 减少农业产量/Reduction of farm output
· 政府收回补贴/Withdrawal of state subsidies
· 在竞争日益激烈的国际市场上生产食品/Production of food within
an increasingly competitive international market
· 农业环境法规日益严格/Growing environmental regulation of
agriculture
与生产主义对立的三个维度:
· 集约化 intensification-松散化extensification
· 集中化concentration-分散化dispersion
· 专业化 specialization-多样化diversification
Wilson G A. (2001)与生产主义对立的七个维度:
· 意识形态/Ideology
· 参与主体/Actors
· 食物管理/Food regimes
· 农业生产力/Agricultural production
· 农业政策/Agricultural policies
· 农场技术/Farming techniques
· 环境影响/Envirormental impacts
Evans t al. (2002)五个范畴分析后生产主义乡村的特点:
· 从注重数量到质量/Shift from quantity to quality in food
production
· 农业多样化与非农就业人数的增加/Growth of on -farm
diversification and off-farm employment (pluriactivity)
· 通过农业环境政策扩大和促进可持续的农业/Extensification and the promotion of sustainable farming through agri-environmental
policy
· 农业生产模式分散化/Dispersion of production patterns
· 环境控制和政府支持农业重构/Envirormental regulation and
restructuring of government support for agriculture
+ +图表来源:作者根据Alexander. S的论文$^{70}$改绘 + +同 “后现代主义” 对 “现代主义” 的反思批判一样,后生产主义意义的建立也是来自与对生产主义的批判。如同上表几位专家对后现代主义内涵的总结一 + +$^{70}$Alexander S. Mather; Gary Hill; Maria Nijnik. Post-productivism and rural land use: cul de sac or challenge for theorization? [J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 2006, Vol.22(4):441-455. diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00091.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00091.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..788a515dd5246ef7502cc6cd6fa85dc215046c74 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00091.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +## 乡村振兴战略驱动农村审计的作用机理剖析 + +黄越(教授),李娇 + +【摘要】基于公共受托责任理论、资源整合理论、协同治理理论,采用归纳分析法研究乡村振兴战略的实施对农村审计的作用机理。经分析,得出以下结论:乡村振兴战略通过国家审计机构主导、乡镇审计机构主力、社会审计机构辅助对农村审计模式产生作用;通过农村治理有效增加对农村审计资源需求,并在资源稀缺性的限制下,调整审计资源供给对农村审计主体产生作用;通过政府资金投入以及村民委托,形成委托代理关系,对农村审计客体产生作用;通过国家治理角度以及农村自治角度丰富农村审计内容,又在资源稀缺的限制下对审计整合产生作用;通过形成大数据审计需求以及增加大数据审计资源供给对农村审计技术方法产生作用;通过资源限制以及政策生效对农村审计结果落实产生作用。 + +【关键词】乡村振兴战略;农村审计;审计模式;审计内容;审计主体;审计客体 + +【中图分类号】F239【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1004-0994(2020)23-0086-5 + +## 一、引言 +在审计理论研究方面,刘明辉$^{[1]}$通过分析不同学者关于审计逻辑起点的观点,指出审计环境是审计理论研究的起点,基于审计环境而产生的审计计划、审计程序、审计方法等基本内容会因审计环境的差异而发生相应的变化。蔡春等$^{[2]}$以受托责任论为原点构建国家审计理论框架,并认为中国特色的国家审计会受到我国政治环境、经济环境、法律环境、文化环境、历史环境等因素的影响。 + +在审计实务方面,审计署武汉特派办课题组$^{[3]}$从国家重大政策落实角度出发,认为需要创新审计范围、审计重点、组织管理、技术方法等。审计署重庆特派办理论研究课题组$^{[4]}$指出,国家审计要与时俱进,加深审计人员对政策和审计对象的认识创新组织方式、提高人员综合素质等。王家新等$^{[5]}$从影响审计主体选择的因素出发,认为应该组建乡镇国家审计机关负责农村审计。李成艾、何小宝$^{[6]}$通过探索大数据审计的组织方式创新路径及运行机制,认为大数据审计势在必行。吕劲松、黄崑$^{[7]}$认为,乡村振兴战略下需要推动扶贫审计全覆盖,整合扶贫审计资源,创新大数据扶贫审计,加大审计整改力度并提高审计透明度等。郑石桥、周敏李$^{[8]}$以企业的资源流为导向,采用委托代理理论,对企业的委托人与受托人进行分析,并确定了以下企业审计客体:国有资产监督管理机构及其领导人、行业规制部门及其领导人、国有资本投资营运机构及其领导人、国有企业及其领导人、非国有企业及其领导人、企业内部单位及其领导人。各位学者分别从各自的角度对审计模式、审计主体、审计技术方法、审计内容等审计要素进行了研究,并提出了发展对策。 + +乡村振兴战略作为国家重大政策,包含政治、经济、文化等各方面,其实施会改变农村审计所处的环境,进而影响各农村审计要素。因此,本文以乡村振兴战略为驱动力,研究该战略的实施对于农村审计各个要素的作用机理。 + +【作者单位】西安工业大学经济管理学院,西安710021 diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00092.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00092.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b118359c46a0c128132e358a88349b3bbe399349 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00092.md @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +的近似公式为 + +$\overline{D}_{NB} = \nu_0 C^{-1} (\sqrt{2} \sigma_x)^k \Gamma(1 + \frac{k}{2})$ (8) + +$\overline{D}_{\mathrm{RC}} \cong \overline{D}_{\mathrm{NB}} \alpha_{2}^{k-1}$ (9) + +式中:$v_{0}$ 为谱密度函数 $S_{x}(\omega)$ 的平均上跨率 + +$v_0=\frac{1}{2\pi}\sqrt{\frac{\lambda_2}{\lambda_0}}$ (10) + +式中:$\lambda_{m}$ 为单边谱密度函数 $S_{x}(\omega)$ 的谱距 + +$\lambda_{m}=\int_{0}^{+\infty}\omega^{m}S_{x}(\omega)d\omega,m=0,1,2,\cdots \quad (11)$ + +方差 $\sigma_x^2$ 由 $\lambda_0$ 决定 + +$\lambda_0 = \sigma_x^2$ (12) + +C和k为S-N曲线中的参数 + +$S^kN=C$ (13) + +权重 b 的选择取决于响应的谱密度函数。D.Benasciutti 和 R.Tovo 给出 b 的表达式为 + +$b=\frac{(\alpha_{1}-\alpha_{2})}{(\alpha_{2}-1)^{2}}m\quad(14)$ + +其中 + +$m=1.112(1+\alpha_1\alpha_2·(\alpha_1+\alpha_2))e^{211\alpha_2}+(\alpha_1-\alpha_2)$ (15) + +对于谱密度函数 $ S_{x}(\omega) $,$\alpha_{1}/\alpha_{2}$ 为其带宽参数,取值为 $[0,1]^{14}$。 + +$\alpha_1=\frac{\lambda_1}{\sqrt{\lambda_0\lambda_2}}, \alpha_2=\frac{\lambda_2}{\sqrt{\lambda_0\lambda_4}}$ (16) + +## 2.2 线性疲劳累计损伤理论 + +根据线性疲劳累积损伤理论,计算附件机匣的总损伤量从而给出其疲劳寿命$^{[15]}$。 + +$D=\sum_{i=1}^{N}D_{i}$ (17) + +式中:D 为总损伤量;D₁ 为单个循环造成的损伤。 + +线性疲劳累计损伤理论假定损伤量 D=1 时试件将发生疲劳破坏。因此,疲劳寿命为 + +$T=\frac{1}{D}=\frac{1}{\Sigma D}$ (18) + +## 2.3 疲劳寿命计算 + +根据得到的响应 PSD 谱(图 6),运用雨流循环计数法并采用 MATLAB 编程计算附件机匣的疲劳寿命。由于 $\sigma_{x}$ 响应 PSD 谱 RMS 远大于其余应力,根据 $\sigma_{x}$ 响应 PSD 谱计算附件机匣的损伤以及疲劳寿命,结果见表7。 + +根据 6 个应力的响应 PSD 谱计算其单位时间内的损伤,再叠加计算所有功率谱造成的单位时间损伤,从而得到附件机匣总损伤以及寿命结果,见表 8。 + +表 7 损伤及疲劳寿命计算结果 + + + + + + + + + +
单位时间损伤时间/min寿命/min
$6.1382\times 10^{-6}$20$3.25828\times 10^{6}$
+ +表 8 损伤以及疲劳寿命计算结果 + + + + + + + + + +
单位时间损伤时间/min寿命/min
6.1383x10-6203.25823x106
+ +从表 7、8 中可知,2 种计算方式的结果非常接近,表明 RMS 非常小的 $\sigma_{y}, \sigma_{z}, \tau_{xy}, \tau_{y}z, \tau_{zz}$ 对附件机匣的损伤以及寿命计算结果影响很小。 + +## 3 结论 + +本文综合考虑附件机匣复杂的工作环境,包括自身重力和固定约束条件、轴承载荷、温度场以及振动载荷,分析计算附件机匣壳体在机械载荷、温度并施加随机振动谱得到的应力响应PSD谱,结合雨流循环计数方法计算附件机匣壳体的疲劳寿命。在寿命计算时,对比单独采用RMS最大的应力PSD谱和采用所有应力PSD谱计算得到的寿命结果分别为$3.25828\times10^{6}$ min和$3.25823\times10^{6}$ min,相差仅为50 min。因此,可以选用RMS最大的PSD谱计算附件机匣的疲劳寿命。 + +## 参考文献: + +[1] 吕亚国,刘振侠,路彬,等. 航空发动机附件机匣热分析研究 [J]. 润滑与密封, 2011, 36(10): 62-80. +LU Yaguo, LIU Zhenxia, LU Bin, et al. Thermal analysis of aeroengine accessory gearbox [J]. Lubrication Engineering, 2011, 36(10): 62-80. (in Chinese) + +[2] 王桂华, 刘海年. 航空发动机成附件振动环境试验剖面确定方法研究 [J]. 推进技术, 2013, 34(8): 1101-1107. +WANG Guihua, LIU Hainian. Study on formulating method for vibration environment test profiles of aeroengine accessories [J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2013, 34(8): 1101-1107. (in Chinese) + +[3] 李锦花,史妍妍,张茂强,等. 航空发动机附件机匣壳体变形分析 [J]. 航空发动机,2013,39(3):59-72. +LI Jinhua, SHI Yanyan, ZHANG Maoqiang, et al. Analysis of accessory gearbox housing distortion for aeroengine [J]. Aeroengine, 2013, 39(3): 59-72. (in Chinese) + +[4] 郭梅, 陈聪慧, 王建军, 等. 发动机附件机匣结构系统振动特性 [J]. 航 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00093.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00093.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..04fdbfec078a61fb456c156de839b9860b16c8e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00093.md @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +讯凭借社交优势在AI领域布局覆盖医疗、零售、安防和金融等众多行业。此外,中国初创公司商汤、旷视、依图、云从等也在人工智能细分领域有所研究。 + +## 二、全球人工智能产业现状 + +## (一)全球人工智能产业规模 + +人工智能是新一轮产业变革的核心驱动力,将进一步释放历次科技革命和产业变革积蓄的巨大能量,并创造新的强大引擎,重构生产、分配、交换、消费等经济活动各环节,形成从宏观到微观各领域的智能化新需求,催生新技术、新产品、新产业、新业态、新模式。人工智能正在与各行各业快速融合,助力传统行业转型升级、提质增效,在全球范围内引发全新的产业浪潮。据预测,2020年全球新一代人工智能产业规模将近1000亿美元。 + +## (二)全球人工智能基础层产业规模 + +基础层是人工智能产业的基础,主要是研发硬件及软件,如AI芯片、数据资源、云计算平台等,为人工智能提供数据及算力支撑。目前,基础层产业 + +表3 国内外科技巨头人工智能产品及应用 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
公司国家产品
谷歌美国Tensor Flow 等开源框架,TPU、Google Photos、Now、Inbox和搜索等多项产品和服务、硬件
Facebook美国PyTorch 等多个开源框架,Messenger 、社交网络和定向广告等多项产品和服务
苹果美国基于智能手机等硬件的多项产品,智能助手、智能家居、医疗等
高通美国移动智能设备芯片、人工智能套件等
微软美国CNTK 等开源框架,Cortana 、小冰等多项产业和服务,硬件
IBM美国TureNorth 芯片,Watson 、行业认知计算解决方案、量子计算机等
英特尔美国CPU、Xeon Phi、Nervana
NVIDIA美国GPU 、深度学习超级计算机DGX -1 、自动驾驶超级计算机Xavier
阿里巴巴中国云服务、人工智能平台DTPAL 、电商产品应用。人工智能项目“ET大脑”
腾讯中国腾讯优图实验室、腾讯AI Lab 、腾讯觅影,亚马逊美国云服务、Echo 等智能家居、机器人、电商产品应用
百度中国开源框架Paddle 、百度大脑、自动驾驶、互联网应用
搜狗中国搜索引擎、知识图谱、输入法、语音交互产品等
+ +(资料来源:中商产业研究院整理) + + + +图6 全球新一代人工智能产业规模及预测情况 + +(数据来源:中国电子学会、中商产业研究院整理) + +仍是全球新一代人工智能产业的核心引擎。数据显示,2018年全球基础层产业规模达到111.1亿美元,初步统计2019年产业规模将达到142.3 + +亿美元,预计到2022年,全球新一代人工智能基础层产业规模将突破340亿美元。 + +## (三)全球人工智能技术层产 + + diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00094.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00094.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a5ead882464fcd8f7ba62234e6d511d1819c04f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00094.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +[60] Yu X, Joshi P, Xu J, et al. CloudSeer: Workflow monitoring of cloud infrastructures via interleaved logs. SIGOPS Operating Systems Review, 2016, 50(2): 489–502. +[61] Davidsen B, Kristensen E. Pinpoint: Problem determination in large, dynamic Internet services. In: Proc. of the Int'l Conf. on Dependable Systems and Networks. IEEE, 2002. 595–604. +[62] Liang Y, Zhang Y, Sivasubramaniam A, et al. BlueGene/L failure analysis and prediction models. In: Proc. of the Int'l Conf. on Dependable Systems and Networks. IEEE, 2006. 425–434. +[63] Beschastnikh I, Brun Y, Ernst MD, et al. Inferring models of concurrent systems from logs of their behavior with CSight. In: Proc. of the 36th Int'l Conf. on Software Engineering. ACM, 2014. 468–479. +[64] Chuah E, Kuo S, Hiew P, et al. Diagnosing the root-causes of failures from cluster log files. In: Proc. of the Int'l Conf. on High Performance Computing. IEEE, 2010. 1–10. +[65] Nagaraj K, Killian C, Neville J. Structured comparative analysis of systems logs to diagnose performance problems. In: Proc. of the 9th USENIX Conf. on Networked Systems Design and Implementation. USENIX, 2012. 26. +[66] Mi HB, Wang HM, Zhou YF, et al. Localizing root causes of performance anomalies in cloud computing systems by analyzing request trace logs. Science China Information Sciences, 2012, 55(12): 2757–2773. +[67] Lim C, Singh N, Yajnik S. A log mining approach to failure analysis of enterprise telephony systems. In: Proc. of the Int'l Conf. on Dependable Systems and Networks. IEEE, 2008. 398–403. +[68] Yan X, Zhou W, Gao Y, et al. PADM: Page rank-based anomaly detection method of log sequences by graph computing. In: Proc. of the Int'l Conf. on Cloud Computing Technology and Science. IEEE, 2014. 700–703. +[69] Oliner AJ, Kulkarni AV, Aiken A. Using correlated surprise to infer shared influence. In: Proc. of the IEEE/IFIP Int'l Conf. on Dependable Systems and Networks. Chicago: IEEE, 2010. 191–200. +[70] Rao X, Wang HM, Chen ZB, et al. Detecting faults by tracing companion states in cloud computing systems. Chinese Journal of Computers, 2012, 35(5): 856–870 (in Chinese with English abstract). +[71] Rao X, Tian Q, et al. Sub-sequence feature vector-based massive system log anomaly detection in cloud computing systems. In: Proc. of the National Conf. of Information Storage. 2012 (in Chinese with English abstract). +[72] Vinayakumar R, Soman KP, Poornachandran P. Long short-term memory-based operation log anomaly detection. In: Proc. of the Int'l Conf. on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics. IEEE, 2017. 236–242. +[73] Lu S, Wei X, Li Y, et al. Detecting anomaly in big data system logs using convolutional neural network. In: Proc. of the 16th Int'l Conf. on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing. IEEE, 2018. 151–158. +[74] Meng WB, Liu Y, et al. LogAnomaly: Unsupervised detection of sequential and quantitative anomalies in unstructured logs. In: Proc. of the Int'l Joint Conf. on Artificial Intelligence. IEEE, 2019. +[75] Cui Y, Sun Y, Hu J, et al. A convolutional auto-encoder method for anomaly detection on system logs. In: Proc. of the Int'l Conf. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2018. 3057–3062. +[76] Gainaru A, Cappello F, Fullop J, et al. Adaptive event prediction strategy with dynamic time window for large-scale HPC systems. In: Proc. of the Managing Large-scale Systems Via the Analysis of System Logs & the Application of Machine Learning Techniques. ACM, 2011. 1–8. +[77] Lan Z, Gu J, Zheng Z, et al. A study of dynamic meta-learning for failure prediction in large-scale systems. Journal of Parallel & Distributed Computing, 2010, 70(6): 630–643. +[78] Navarro JM, Parada GHA, Duenas JC. System failure prediction through rare-events elastic-net logistic regression. In: Proc. of the Int'l Conf. on Artificial Intelligence, Modelling and Simulation. IEEE, 2014. 120–125. +[79] Shalan A, Zulkernine M. Runtime prediction of failure modes from system error logs. In: Proc. of the Int'l Conf. on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems. IEEE, 2013. 232–241. +[80] Yu L, Zheng Z, Lan Z, et al. Practical online failure prediction for Blue Gene/P: Period-based vs. event-driven. In: Proc. of the Int'l Conf. on Dependable Systems and Networks Workshops. IEEE, 2011. 259–264. +[81] Fronza I, Sillitti A, Succi G, et al. Failure prediction based on log files using random indexing and support vector machines. Journal of Systems & Software, 2013, 86(1): 2–11. +[82] Fulp EW, Fink GA, Haack JN. Predicting computer system failures using support vector machines. In: Proc. of the 1st USENIX Workshop on the Analysis of System Logs. San Diego: USENIX, 2008. diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00095.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00095.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..71c1d12ace4c3289101468c2e1f4d86f334793e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00095.md @@ -0,0 +1,143 @@ +2012 数据集上的 mIoU 都超过了 70%, 分割准确率较高, 是以弱监督学习方式进行图像语义分割的典型算法. 而基于图像级标注的方法因为仅仅使用带有种类标注的弱标注数据进行弱监督训练, 分割效果不明显, 分割边界粗糙且不连续, mIoU 都普遍较低. + +Table 7 Experimental comparison of ISSbWSL + +表 7 基于像素分类的弱监督学习图像语义分割方法实验对比 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
分类文献方法名称年份关键技术监督信息CRF数据集mIoU(%)
基于边框级
标注的方法
[83]BoxSup2015MCG 算法边框级xPASCAL VOC 201275.2
[84]DeepCut2016CRF边框级N/AN/A
基于涂鸦级
标注的方法
[86]WTP2015Objectness涂鸦级xPASCAL VOC 201249.1
[87]ScribbleSup2016超像素涂鸦级PASCAL VOC 201271.3
基于图像级
标注的方法
[88]MIL2015MCG 算法图像级xImageNet42.0
[90]CCNN2015Class Size图像级xPASCAL VOC 201242.4
[91]SEC2016显著性检测算法图像级PASCAL VOC 201250.7
[92]STC2015显著性检测算法图像级PASCAL VOC 201249.8
[93]AugFeed2016MCG 算法图像级PASCAL VOC 201254.34
[94]EM2017显著性检测图像级PASCAL VOC 201258.71
多种弱标注数据混合的方法[97]Decoupled2015N/A图像级、像素级PASCAL VOC 201266.6
[98]WeaklySemi2015N/A图像级、边框级、像素级PASCAL VOC 201273.9
+ +注:该表中的 N/A 表示相关论文未提及或无法复现该项,✓表示此方法使用过 CRF,×表示没有使用 CRF + +## 5 总结与展望 + +如今,深度学习技术已经广泛应用到图像语义分割领域。本文主要对基于深度学习的图像语义分割的经典方法与研究现状进行了较为细致的分类、梳理与总结。根据分割特点和处理粒度不同,将基于深度学习的图像语义分割方法分为基于区域分类的图像语义分割方法和基于像素分类的图像语义分割方法,把基于像素分类的图像语义分割方法进一步细分为全监督学习图像语义分割方法和弱监督学习图像语义分割方法。对每类方法的代表性算法进行了研究、分析和对比,并概括总结了每类方法的技术特点和优缺点。在现有研究成果的基础上,我们总结ISS研究领域的重点问题和发展趋势,认为该领域还存在如下一些具有挑战性的研究方向。 + +(1) 应用于场景解析任务的图像语义分割 + +场景解析任务处理的图像背景复杂、环境多变,现有 ISSbDL 方法无法有效地捕获图像的上下文信息和深度语义信息,在识别和分割图像中目标物体时仍存在较大的困难.文献{[111]把迁移学习的思想引入场景解析任务,将图像像素特征与词汇概念相结合,提出一个开放式词汇解析网络(the open vocabulary parsing network,简称 OVPN).文献[112] 提出一个针对该任务的语境循环残差网络(contextual recurrent residual network,简称 CRRN),通过继承序列模型和残差学习,建模远程语境依赖、学习视觉特征.这些方法目前都存在难以选择标注基元量化级别、未充分利用场景几何深度等问题,如何解决这些场景解析中的问题并实现有效分割是一个挑战. + +(2) 实例级图像语义分割 + +实例级图像语义分割,有时也称为实例分割(instance segmentation,简称IS),融合了分割与检测两个功能,可以分割出图像中同类物体的不同实例.文献[113]将多任务学习(multi-task learning)$^{[114]}$引入分割领域实现实例分割,其分割过程分为3个能够共享卷积特征的子任务,将上一任务的输出作为下一任务的输入,分割时,能够区分出不同的实例对象.文献[13,15]对RCNN进行改进后,既能用于ISS,又能用于IS.文献[115,116]对FCN进行改进,使用滑动窗口或物体框将不同的位置信息编码到特征图中,对每个实例进行语义分割.文献[117]在图像中使用聚类的方法构建分割体,并探索不同的实例.文献[118]使用多示例学习方法结合弱监督学习进行IS.文献[119]使用一个可逆的RNN处理IS问题.这些方法在分割准确率和算法综合性能上都有很大的提升空间,如何平衡分割效果与时间复杂度,也是目前亟需解决的问题. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00096.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00096.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0433dcee292b721daa3f4d25785d378cd3d5cabf --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00096.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +而农宅的布局形态受自然条件影响较大,如地形、水源、气候的差异等都会对聚落形态造成直接影响。以上图六省聚落为例作差异性对比分析(表5-1)。 + +表 5-1 各地区聚落差异性对比分析 + +
地区地形聚落结构村庄示意图聚居图示
黑龙江平原团块型聚落1 /路网尺度:3500m (地广村稀,村落形态方整;其路网与农田肌理大;住宅占地大,布局松散;村内以东西向路为主干。)
山东平原团块型聚落2 /路网尺度:800m
(地广村密,村落形态较为紧凑方整;路网及农田肌理小;住宅占地小,布局紧凑;村内以东西向或南北向大街为主干。)
河南平原团块型聚落3 /路网尺度:600m
(地广村稠,村落形态自由;路网及农田肌理小;住宅占地小,布局紧凑;村内以东西向或南北向大街为主干。)
江苏平原方格网型聚落/路网尺度:400m (连续不断的大尺度村落形态,没有明显的村庄边界:路网及农田方正,肌理呈方格网状;农宅占地大,布局规整且松散。)
江西山地鱼骨刺型聚落/路网尺度:1300m (沿主路纵向伸展串联而呈梭形;路网肌理大农田肌理小;住宅占地小,布局紧凑。)
四川丘陵散布型聚落/路网尺度:300m
(地广村密,村落形态松散无限延展而无明显边界:小肌理农田,路网随山势而行,多为尽端式道路;住宅占地小。
+ +图表来源:作者自绘(备注:各省內聚落多样复杂,这里仅是选取各地区典型聚落作差异性对比研究,因此案例不代表各地区的全部特征。) + +通过上表对各地区的差异性分析可知,不同基底环境下衍生出不同的聚落,介质决定了不同区域空间的格局形态,像团块型村落、方格网型村落、鱼骨刺型村落、散布型村落这各类村落的差异,首先体现在整体布局形态上,以有无清晰的边界为主要指征;其次体现在其聚落与农地、交通的位置关系上,以聚落 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00097.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00097.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6b30d5358c1984db4f7bfdc1b8cc8edb8b077b4d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00097.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +## 软件安全漏洞检测技术 + +李舟军$^{1)}$ 张俊贤$^{1)}$ 廖湘科$^{2)}$ 马金鑫$^{1)}$ + +$^{1)}$(北京航空航天大学计算机学院 北京 100191) + +$^{2)}$(国防科学技术大学计算机学院 长沙 410073) + +摘 要 软件安全漏洞检测技术是提高软件质量和安全性、减少软件安全漏洞的重要方法和基本手段,受到学术界和工业界的广泛关注和高度重视。其主要途径包括软件测试、程序分析、模型检验与符号执行等。近年来,综合利用多种研究方法和技术手段来检测软件安全漏洞已成为软件安全领域的研究热点。文中首先回顾了程序分析与软件安全漏洞检测的基本概念、核心问题和传统手段。然后重点介绍该领域的最新进展,主要包括轻量级动态符号执行、自动化白盒模糊测试以及其实现技术和相应的工具。最后,指出了其所面临的挑战和发展趋势。 + +关键词 安全漏洞;静态分析;动态分析;符号执行;白盒测试 + +中图法分类号 TP309 DOI号 10,3724/SP.J.1016.2015.00717 + +## Survey of Software Vulnerability Detection Techniques + +LI Zhou-Jun$^{1)}$ ZHANG Jun-Xian$^{1)}$ LIAO Xiang-Ke$^{2)}$ MA Jin-Xin$^{1)}$ + +$^{1)}$(School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191) + +$^{b)}$ (School of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073) + +Abstract Software vulnerability detection is one of the most important methods to improve software quality and is the key to insuring software security, which leads grant concerns from researcher and industry. Its main content includes software testing, program analysis, model checking and symbolic execution etc. In recent decade years, how to utilize various classic methods synthetically to detect software vulnerability holes is becoming a new hot research direction. This paper reviews the basic concepts, key challenges and some classic solutions of software vulnerability detection, and beyond this, it tries to introduce some new promising improvement in this research area, including lightweight dynamic symbolic execution, automatic white-box fuzz testing, their implementation technologies and corresponding tools. In the last, it provides here a survey of some key challenges and new research trends in future research work. + +Keywords software vulnerability; static analysis; dynamic analysis; symbolic execution; white box testing + +## 1 引 言 + +软件质量是软件产品的生命线,由于不合理的设计和软件开发人员的疏忽而引入的软件缺陷是致使软件品质下降的根源。软件缺陷导致软件运行时失效,软件故障的频发会带来极大危害。以美国为例,软件故障每年造成几十亿美金的经济损失$^{[1]}$,严 + +收稿日期:2014-02-18;最终修改稿收到日期:2014-10-31.本课题得到国家自然科学基金(61170189,61370126,90718017,60973105)、高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20111102130003)资助.李舟军,男,1963年生,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要研究领域为形式化方法与技术、网络与信息安全技术,数据挖掘.E-mail:lijz@buaa.edu.cn.张俊贤,男,1981年生,博士研究生,主要研究方向为信息安全、程序分析.廖丽娟,男,1963年生,硕士,教授,博士生导师,主要研究领域为并行与分布式操作系统、安全操作系统.马金鑫,男,1986年生,博士研究生,主要研究方向为信息安全、程序分析. diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00098.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00098.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dab080476fe7520f16b66d58afbf7d404ad44d8a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00098.md @@ -0,0 +1,353 @@ +表 2 计算值与试验值比较 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
序号编号σ
MPa
AV
/mm² +
AH
/mm²
fc, c
/MPa
fa, c
/MPa
Va, c+Vf
/kN
(Va, a+Vf)
/kN
Vcal
/kN
Vtest
/kN
1F4-0.5D-A0.1981.81963.526.2143.326.6438.7426.6425.53
2F4-0.5D-B0.1981.81963.526.2143.326.6438.7426.6429.08
3F8-0.5D-A0.2981.81963.526.2143.334.2541.7534.2537.00
4F8-0.5D-B0.2981.81963.526.2143.334.2541.7534.2536.69
5F12-0.5D-A0.3981.81963.526.2143.341.8544.7641.8542.50
6F12-0.5D-B0.3981.81963.526.2143.341.8544.7641.8541.94
7F4-0.375D-A0.1670.11838.826.2143.318.9236.4318.9217.29
8F4-0.375D-B0.1670.11838.826.2143.318.9236.4318.9214.54
9F4-0.25D-A0.1383.91472.626.2143.311.8429.6511.8412.55
10F4-0.25D-B0.1383.91472.626.2143.311.8429.6511.848.13
11F4-0.125D-A0.1143.3965.926.2143.35.9020.285.906.79
12F4-0.125D-B0.1143.3965.926.2143.35.9020.285.906.88
13F4-0.5D-M-A0.1981.81963.526.270.826.6427.9126.6427.76
14F4-0.5D-M-B0.1981.81963.526.270.826.6427.9126.6428.51
15F4-0.5D-S-A0.1981.81963.526.225.226.6417.5717.5718.26
16F4-0.5D-S-B0.1981.81963.526.225.226.6417.5717.5721.57
17F4-0.5D-K2-A0.11963.53927.026.2143.335.6252.5535.6234.80
18F4-0.5D-K2-B0.11963.53927.026.2143.335.6252.5535.6234.61
19F4-N-A0.1601.91208.126.2143.317.2624.7617.2618.49
20F4-N-B0.1678.31175.826.2143.319.1624.1619.1616.16
21F8-N-A0.2658.21203.926.2143.324.5627.4524.5623.02
22F8-N-B0.2632.71373.126.2143.323.7730.6423.7723.93
23F12-N-A0.3685.11089.326.2143.331.4328.0428.0423.93
24F12-N-B0.3735.41195.826.2143.333.2130.0730.0721.49
+ +说明:表示破坏模式。 + + + +(a) 混凝土挤压塑性压坏 + + + +(b) 堆石骨料直接剪切破坏 + +图 8 堆石骨料剪力传递受力分析 + +通过三维扫描仪扫描堆石骨料表面及施工缝表面的方法可以方便地获取自然形状骨料组的表面几何特征及其在试件中的位置,从而求得水平投影面积$A_{H}$、垂直投影面积$A_{v}$,见图9。将19—24号试件的投影面积、岩石强度等参数代入所提出的模型中,可以计算剪切承载力,并与试验结果中峰值剪切荷载进行对比,如图10所示。可见,模型计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,同时破坏模式基本一致(见表2)。本研究结果说明所提出的堆石混凝土层间界面抗剪承载力计算方法能够合理预测小型RFC施工缝的抗剪承载力和破坏模式。对于真实尺度的RFC层面抗剪承载力,则需要根据尺寸效应对混凝土的抗压强度和岩石的抗剪强度进行修正。 + + + +图 9 投影面积获取方法 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00099.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00099.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3854ba55eb64e9a3180a1f8b47b7813e9053eba0 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00099.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +物流经济 + +文章编号:1002-3100(2021)01-0116-03 + +## “三个经济”视域下的西安国际物流枢纽发展路径研究 + +## Research on the Development Path of Xi'an International Logistics Hub from the Perspective of "Three Economies" + +丁阳 (西安培华学院 会计与金融学院,陕西 西安 710125) + +DING Yang (College of Accounting and Finance, Xi'an Peihua University, Xi'an 710125, China) + +摘 要:西安国际物流枢纽建设是加快国际货物在我国中西部集散、周转、交换,承担着地尽其利,货尽其通的重要使命,是助力“三个经济”发展,提升城市竞争力的重要支撑。文章从西安市的经济环境、政策环境、区位交通环境和物流主体发展环境对西安市发展国际物流枢纽基础环境进行了分析,并运用SWOT分析了西安国际物流枢纽发展面临的优势、劣势和外部的机会和威胁,最后提出西安市发展国际物流枢纽的有效路径。 + +关键词:国际物流枢纽;SWOT分析;发展路径 + +中图分类号:F259.27 文献标识码:A + +Abstract: Xi'an international logistics hub construction is to accelerate the distribution, turnover and exchange of international goods in China's central and western regions. It bears + +the important mission of making full use of the benefits and goods available. It is also an important support for the development of the “three economies” and the enhancement of urban competitiveness. From Xi'an economic environment, policy environment, location traffic environment and developing logistics subject development environment of Xi'an international logistics hub based environment is analyzed, and the SWOT analysis of Xi'an international logistics hub development strengths, weaknesses and external opportunities and threats, and finally pointed out that the development of Xi'an international logistics hub for the effective path. + +Key words: international logistics hub; SWOT analysis; development path + +DOI:10.13714/j.cnki.1002-3100.2021.01.029 + +2019 年西安陆港型物流枢纽入选国家物流枢纽建设名单,是国家发展现代物流业的重要战略部署,也是对西安区位优势和现代物流业发展的肯定。西安市拥有先天的国家地理 “中心” 位置优势,是丝绸之路经济带物资流通重要塞道,是国家物流一级节点城市,自古以来就是国际物资集散地。西安市作为国家中心城市,肩负着带动关中平原城市群及周边地区发展使命,是发展全国物流业与制造业两业联动示范基地。现代物流业在国民经济中的支柱地位越来越重要,是推动区域经济发展的重要 “增长极”。随着丝绸之路经济带的战略推进,西安市经济的快速增长,投融资环境不断成熟和壮大,基础设施建设的不断完善,西安市发展国际物流枢纽市场潜力巨大。 + +1 西安物流枢纽建设与发展条件分析 + +1.1 经济环境。西安市近10年经济发展态势较好,地区生产总值大步提升(如表1所示),全年地区生产总值(GDP)从2010年的3242.86亿元增加到2019年的9321.19亿元,平均年增长7.0%左右。三大产业占比发生较大的变化,第一产业、第二产业的占比逐年降低,第三产业的占比逐年增加。其中,第一产业占比从2010年4.32%降到2019年的3%,第二产业占比从2010年43.39%降到2019年的34%,而第三产业从2010年52.29%增加到2019年的63%。西安市生产总值持续增加及三大产业的占比变化,说明西安市第三产业的发展速度最快,对区域经济的贡献度最大。物流业作为第三产业中支柱性服务业功不可没,2019年全年批发和零售业增加值777.86亿元,比上年增长8.5%;交通运输、仓储和邮政业增加值330.54亿元,增长6.7%。全年货物运输总量2.74亿吨,比上年增长3.8%;货物运输周转量519.01亿吨公里,与上年持平。旅客运输总量2.63亿人次,增长1.0%;旅客运输周转量387.51亿人公里,增长6.9%。国际(地区)航线88条,境外航班通航架次23991架。年末全市机动车保有量359.42万辆,比上年末增长12.3%$^{[1]}$。西安市经济的持续增长带动物流产业的全面升级与发展,为发展国际物流枢纽带来巨大的物流需求量。 + +1.2 政策环境。从 2009 年国务院制定《物流业调整和振兴规划》开始,国家陆续制定了一系列的政策条例为物流业的发展保驾护航。各地政府响应国家号召制定了区域物流业发展的政策文件。2015 年陕西省政府制定的《陕西省物流业发展中长期规划》 + +收稿日期:2020-08-24 + +基金项目:2019年西安培华学院校级课题项目“‘三个经济’视域下的西安国际物流枢纽建设路径研究”(PHKT19048) + +作者简介:丁阳(1976—),女,陕西周至人,西安培华学院会计与金融学院,副教授,管理学硕士,研究方向:电子商务物流管理。 diff --git a/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00100.md b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00100.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fecae3dcd0928fd1ee725171aaf13a48f19e413e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_academic_paper_00100.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +[26] Zhu Lie-Huang, Gao Feng, Shen Meng, et al. Survey on privacy preserving techniques for blockchain technology. Journal of Computer Research and Development, 2017, 54(10): 2170-2186 (in Chinese) +(祝烈煌,高峰,沈蒙等.区块链隐私保护研究综述.计算机研究与发展,2017, 54(10): 2170-2186) +[27] Feder A, Gandal N, Hamrick J, et al. The impact of ddos and other security shocks on bitcoin currency exchanges: evidence from mt. gox. Journal of Cybersecurity, 2018, 3(2): 137–144. +[28] Gandal N, Hamrick J, Moore T, et al. Price manipulation in the bitcoin ecosystem. Journal of Monetary Economics, 2018, 95(5): 86-96. +[29] Ma Shuai, Cao Yang, Fan Wen-Fei, et al. Strong simulation: Capturing topology in graph pattern matching. ACM Transactions on Database Systems, 2014, 39(1): 1-46. +[30] Gao Feng, Zhu Lie-Huang, Ding Kai, et al. Research progress on stable coins. Journal of Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 2019, 11(5): 499-512 (in Chinese) +(高峰,祝烈煌,丁凯等. 区块链稳定代币研究进展. 南京信息工程大学学报, 2019, 11(5): 499-512) + + + +SHEN Meng, born in 1988, Ph. D., associate professor. His research interests include network security and privacy-preserving algorithms in cloud computing. + +SANG An-Qi, born in 1996, M. S. candidate. Her research interests include network and information security. + +ZHU Lie-Huang, born in 1976, Ph. D., professor. His research interests include cryptography, network and information security. + +SUN Run-Geng, born in 1997, M. S. candidate. His research interests include network and information security. + +ZHANG Can, born in 1996, Ph. D. candidate. His research interests include network and information security. + +## Background + +The current blockchain digital currency is used by many malicious traders, leading to a series of abnormal trading behaviors such as "dust" injection, "airdrop" operations, extortion, and scams. Therefore, research on the identification method of abnormal transaction behavior of blockchain digital currency is of great significance for regulating transaction behavior and ensuring cyberspace security. Among the many blockchain digital currencies, the market value of Bitcoin exceeds half of the total market value of all blockchain digital currencies, and is highly representative. The Bitcoin system has a large number of users, a large transaction scale, and anonymization of addresses, which bring great challenges to the accurate identification of abnormal transaction behavior. So far, many researchers have focused on a particular type of illegal and abnormal trading behavior. But different from their method, given that there is a clear motivation behind any Bitcoin abnormal transaction behavior, this article designs a novel method for identifying Bitcoin's abnormal transaction behavior based on the analysis of transaction motivation. + +Specifically, we take the two types of abnormal transaction behaviors of airdrop candy and greedy capital injection as typical representatives, and design the two types of abnormal transaction behavior determination rules, and then abstract the abnormal transaction pattern diagram. Based on this, the algorithm for identifying abnormal transaction behaviors of Bitcoin was designed and implemented using subgraph matching technology. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of this method, we collected the historical transaction data of Bitcoin for nearly 30 months, and determined the truth set of abnormal transaction behavior through manual analysis. The experimental results show that the recognition recall rate of airdrop candy behavior is 85.71%, the accuracy is 43.62%, the recognition recall rate of greedy fund injection behavior is 81.25%, the accuracy is 54.32%. In addition, we focus on the analysis and display of three typical examples of Bitcoin's abnormal transaction behavior (i.e. "dust" injection behavior, WannaCry ransomware, SOXex exchange scam), and further verify the effectiveness of the method proposed through real cases. It also shows that there are many abnormal trading activities in the cryptocurrency market. + +This work is partially supported by the Key research and Development Program for Guangdong Province (No.2019B010137003), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61972039, No.61872041), the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No.4192050). The purpose of this project is to explore the abnormal transaction behavior in Bitcoin, thereby ensuring the healthy development of the cryptocurrency market. + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00001.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00001.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9bbfe36397aae6763431f0d1a7b138b1107cf025 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00001.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +(19) 国家知识产权局 + + + +## (12) 发明专利申请 + + + +(10) 申请公布号 CN 119324037 A + +(43) 申请公布日 2025.01.17 + +(21) 申请号 202411337980.4 + +(22) 申请日 2024.09.25 + +(71) 申请人 深圳市罗湖区人民医院 + +地址 518000 广东省深圳市罗湖区南湖街道友谊路47号 + +(72) 发明人 张文娟 黄桂晓 周燕华 + +(74) 专利代理机构 深圳市科冠知识产权代理有限公司 44355 + +专利代理师 王久明 + +(51) Int. Cl. + +G16H 40/20 (2018.01) + +G16H 10/60(2018.01) + +G16H 50/70(2018.01) + +## (54) 发明名称 + +一种用于导尿患者的信息管理系统 + + + +## (57) 摘要 + +本发明涉及一种用于导尿患者的信息化管理系统,包括患者信息模块、提醒模块、查询模块;患者信息模块包括患者基本信息单元、患者病历信息单元、医嘱单元和护理记录单元;提醒模块依据患者信息模块对同一病区的所有患者以护理项目分类同时提醒医护人员需要在不同的时间对不同患者进行规定的护理操作,提醒模块包括导尿指征评估提醒单元、引流袋更换提醒单元、尿液样本送检提醒单元和拔管提醒单元;查询模块用于对患者信息进行查询。该发明能及时的对患者进行相应的护理操作,避免遗漏或误操作,也能有效的提高医护人员的工作效率。 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00002.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00002.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..890a008d014dac1ddb763a8f11f7b85a8d1256a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00002.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +## 一种用于导尿患者的信息管理系统技术领域 + +[0001] 本发明涉及医院信息系统领域,尤其是一种用于导尿患者的信息管理系统。 + +## 背景技术 + +[0002] 导尿管是一种由肠道留置膀胱以便引流尿液的管道,它是以天然橡胶、硅橡胶或聚氯乙烯(PVC)制成的导管,可以经由尿道留置膀胱以便引流尿液出来,导尿管留置膀胱后,靠近导尿管头端有一个气囊固定导尿管留在膀胱内,而不易脱出,且引流管连接接袋收集尿液。在医院中,通常有如下几种患者是需要留置导尿管的:排尿困难的患者,瘫痪手术的患者,如在某些手术中,尤其是盆腔手术和泌尿系统手术患者,将这些插有导尿管的患者,也就是留置有导尿管的患者统称为导尿患者。在导尿患者留置导尿管后,就需要医护人员定期的对导尿管以及导尿患者的情况予以跟踪护理。然而在医院中,由于每个导尿患者入院时间以及留置导尿管的时间都是不同的,那么他们的按管时间以及其它跟导尿管相关的护理操作时间也就不同,尤其是那些同一病区具有较多个导尿患者的科室,此时就需要一种对导尿患者的信息管理系统,现有的情况是,医护人员通常在记录本或科室的公告板上写上相应信息来提醒需要在某个时间对某个患者进行某项护理操作,这样的方式,比较杂乱,效率极低下,记录也容易丢失或被错误修改,无法进行追溯,而且在医护人员信息传递或更新不及时的情况下,还容易产生遗漏或误操作。 + +## 发明内容 + +[0003] 针对现有的不足,本发明提供一种用于导尿患者的信息管理系统。 + +[0004] 本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一种用于导尿患者的信息管理系统,包括患者信息模块、提醒模块、查询模块;所述患者信息模块包括患者基本信息单元、患者病历信息单元、医嘱单元和护理记录单元;所述提醒模块依据患者信息模块对同一病区的所有患者以护理项目分类同时提醒医护人员需要在不同的时间对不同患者进行规定的护理操作,所述提醒模块包括导尿指征评估提醒单元、引流袋更换提醒单元、尿液样本送检提醒单元和拔管提醒单元;所述查询模块用于对患者信息进行查询。 + +[0005] 作为优选,还包括用于识别认证使用者的身份信息后能进入患者信息模块、提醒模块和查询模块中的用户管理模块。 + +[0006] 作为优选,所述医嘱单元包括临时医嘱单元和长期医嘱单元。 + +[0007] 作为优选,所述患者信息模块连接有能与医院患者信息信息管理系统进行信息交互的信息交互模块。 + +[0008] 作为优选,所述患者病历信息单元包括有病历描述模块、电子图片模块和评估模块。 + +[0009] 作为优选,所述评估模块包括疗效评估模块和留置导尿管适应症评估模块。 + +[0010] 作为优选,所述疗效评估模块包括用于分析留置导尿管前和留置导尿管后的体征数据的数据分析模块和生成报表模块。 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00003.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00003.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7a5e154477cb034cde408fed358f1e8dacbc146f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00003.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + + +图1 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00004.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00004.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1728cb2cf1f398378d05918605c86ac268a22149 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00004.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +(19) 国家知识产权局 + + + +## (12) 发明专利申请 + + + +(10) 申请公布号 CN 119320285 A + +(43) 申请公布日 2025.01.17 + +(21) 申请号 202411340118.9 + +(22) 申请日 2024.09.25 + +(71) 申请人 贵州大学 + +地址 550000 贵州省贵阳市花溪区贵州大学 + +申请人 益阳职业技术学院 + +(72) 发明人 周伟 程拓 邓春英 周少奇 陈富快 黄维民 艾金龙 周娟 谭学明 王雪郦 周道琴 姚鑫 + +(74)专利代理机构 东莞市中正知识产权事务所 +(普通合伙) 44231 + +专利代理师 李永霞 + +(51) Int. Cl. + +C05F 17/50 (2020.01) + +C05F 17/70 (2020.01) + +C05F 17/80 (2020.01) + +C05F 15/00 (2006.01) + +## (54) 发明名称 + +基于交替好氧厌氧工艺的食用菌废菌渣快速堆肥方法 + + + +## (57) 摘要 + +本发明提供基于交叠好氧厌氧工艺的食用菌废渣快速堆肥方法,涉及微生物堆肥技术领域,包括以下步骤:步骤一:将菌渣65-75%、秸秆15-22%、油粕5-7%以及预发酵物5-7%按照比例称好重量放入发酵罐中,使用搅拌器将其搅拌均匀,得到待发酵物料;步骤二:步骤一得到的待发酵物料进行厌氧发酵进行厌氧发酵,待温度升高至33℃-36℃后,开始降温至温度趋于平稳后发酵完成,厌氧发酵持续10-14天;步骤三:厌氧发酵完成以后,打开曝气机通入空气进入好氧发酵阶段。一方面,利用好氧环境的微生物加速其有机质矿化和分解小分子物质;另一方面,利用好氧环境的微生物繁殖降解有机质,产生高温,从而使其中的病原菌及杂草种子,使有机物达到稳定化。 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00005.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00005.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0e88f6e4e251df28609e48f556301866f9e6019b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00005.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + +## 基于交替好氧厌氧工艺的食用菌废菌渣快速堆肥方法 + +## 技术领域 + +[0001] 本发明涉及微生物堆肥技术领域,具体为基于交替好氧厌氧工艺的食用菌废菌渣快速堆肥方法。 + +## 背景技术 + +[0002] 现有使用食用菌废菌渣生产有机肥主要是采用好氧发酵的方式进行堆制,其工艺流程大致可以分为两种类型,一种是静态通风堆肥,另一种是强制通风堆肥,强制通风堆肥可以根据通风方式的不同分为翻堆式和曝气式.现有的有机肥生产厂家大多使用强制通风堆肥,在发酵前先将菌渣与各种辅料混合均匀,然后堆成条垛状或直接堆放至特定的槽、容器中等,使堆体形成一定的高度能够有良好通气效应,在堆制的过程中通过堆体的温度变化来进行翻堆或曝气直至堆体温度不再升高开始降低后进入腐熟阶段(二次发酵),当腐熟阶段的温度开始降低直至温度趋于平稳即腐熟完全,发酵完成. + +## 发明内容 + +[0003](一)解决的技术问题 + +[0004] 针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供了基于交替好氧厌氧工艺的食用菌废菌渣快速堆肥方法,解决了现有发酵工艺普遍存在发酵周期长、发酵不完全等问题。 + +[0005](二)技术方案 + +[0006] 为实现以上目的,本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现:基于交替好氧厌氧工艺的食用菌废菌渣快速堆肥方法,包括以下步骤: + +[0007] 步骤一:将菌渣65-75%、秸秆15-22%、油粕5-7%以及预发酵物5-7%按照比例称好重量放入发酵罐中,使用搅拌器将其搅拌均匀,得到待发酵物料; + +[0008] 步骤二:步骤一得到的待发酵物料进行厌氧发酵进行厌氧发酵,待温度升高至33℃-36℃,开始降温至温度趋于平稳后发酵完成,厌氧发酵持续10-14天; + +[0009] 步骤三:厌氧发酵完成以后,打开曝气机通入空气进入好氧发酵阶段,待温度升高至51℃-55℃后,开始降温至温度趋于平稳后至发酵完成,发酵过程持续6-8天; + +[0010] 步骤四:将发酵完成的有机肥堆放至一旁等待装运。 + +[0011] 优选的,所述步骤三中曝气机通入空气的流量为18-22L/min. + +[0012] 优选的,所述步骤三发酵完成的产物为预发酵物。 + +[0013] 优选的,所述菌渣、秸秆、油粕的原料均在粉碎后参与到步骤一中使用,秸秆的原料在粉碎前进行121℃-124℃的高温灭菌。 + +[0014] 优选的,步骤二、三中温度趋于平稳的温度范围为23℃-26℃,过程中,温度在25℃时曝气机通入空气的流量为20L/min,在26℃时空气的流量为22L/min并进行搅拌翻堆。 + +[0015] 优选的,所述步骤三的曝气机连接有在发酵罐内底部的发酵盘以及与发酵盘并联的对待发酵物料进行多层通气发酵的通气管,所述通气管从发酵盘向上逐层间距增大1.35倍。 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00006.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00006.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d6a680b815e44a42b308f3bc05f39e5562d63d20 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00006.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +[0030] 步骤四:将发酵完成的有机肥堆放至一旁等待装运。 + +[0031] 步骤二、三中温度趋于平稳的温度范围为23℃-26℃,过程中,温度在25℃时曝气机通入空气的流量为20L/min,在26℃时空气的流量为22L/min并进行搅拌推翻,上述中,通过通入空气便于快速降温完成发酵,避免降温不迅速的再发酵过程。 + +[0032] 步骤三的曝气机通过曝气管3连接有在发酵罐内底部的发酵盘5以及与发酵盘并联的对待发酵物料进行多层通气发酵的通气管,通气管从发酵盘向上逐层间距增大1.35倍。 + +[0033] 菌渣和预发酵物均在3℃-5℃下存储,预发酵物在参与到步骤一中前装袋密封在25℃下放置10-15小时,通过对预发酵物的密封,降低预发酵物中混杂的含氧量。 + +[0034] 油粕为豆粕、花生粕、菜籽粕、芝麻粕、玉米粕中的一种或几种,秸秆为玉米秸秆、小麦秸秆、高粱秸秆、芦苇秸秆中的任意一种。 + +[0035] 上述中,发酵罐包括有壳体保护层7以及上盖,在上盖上布置有温度探针6、采样孔8、智能控制装置2,曝气机、温度探针6、搅拌器1均与智能控制装置2电性连接,另外在曝气管4上布置有流量计3,流量计3也与智能控制装置2电性连接。 + +[0036] 本方法提出通过控制曝气间隔使其处于厌氧好氧交替反应状态。一方面,利用厌氧环境的微生物加速共有机质矿化和分解小分子物质;另一方面,利用好氧环境的微生物繁殖降解有机质,产生高温,从而杀死其中的病原菌及杂草种子,使有机物达到稳定化。 + +[0037] 我们做了两组实验进行对比分析,其中A组先进行好氧发酵然后进行厌氧发酵,B组先进行厌氧发酵然后进行好氧发酵,通过两组实验的堆肥过程的温度变化以及最后成品的种胚发芽指数的结果表明,B组经过19天的发酵已经达腐熟状态(GI>70)而A组还未达到腐熟(GI<70);B组发酵最高温度可以到54.7摄氏度,而A组只有47.2摄氏度,B组总发酵周期在17天,A组总发酵周期在20天。 + +[0038] + +
先氧后氧
GI64.81481481149.7354497
+ +[0039] 尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00007.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00007.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fd2b6f56fcac88fad8710692b758baadefa2138d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00007.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + + +图1 + + + +图2 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00008.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00008.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2f47958d4d55293c34d0b6f868cf21caabb024e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00008.md @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +(19) 国家知识产权局 + + + +## (12) 发明专利 + + + +(10)授权公告号 CN 118883420 B + +(45) 授权公告日 2025.01.17 + +(21) 申请号 202411340421.9 + +(22) 申请日 2024.09.25 + +(65) 同一申请的已公布的文献号 + +申请公布号 CN118883420A + +(43) 申请公布日 2024.11.01 + +(73)专利权人 深圳三思纵横科技股份有限公司 +地址 518000 广东省深圳市光明区马田街道合水口社区第三工业区第十八栋恒美新造邦8号楼 + +(72) 发明人 刘杰 梁廷峰 张艳龙 曾凡勇 王博 + +(74) 专利代理机构 成都恪睿信专利代理事务所 + +(普通合伙) 51303 + +专利代理师 陈兴强 + +(51) Int. Cl. + +G01N 19/00 (2006.01) + +(56)对比文件 + +CN 118565997 A,2024.08.30 + +CN 2835989 Y,2006.11.08 + +审查员 李妍臻 + +## (54) 发明名称 + +一种杯突试验机的控制方法及系统 + + + +## (57) 摘要 + +本发明涉及试验机控制技术领域,解决了现有技术中缺乏有效的整合方法来实时获取试样的状态信息,从而导致获取的杯突试验结果不精确的问题.该方法提供了一种杯突试验机的控制方法及系统.该方法包括:根据材料参数,获取实验负荷值和试验控制参数;根据夹紧负荷值,对试样试样进行夹持;根据所述试验控制参数,控制冲压装置进行杯突试验,同时在所述杯突试验的过程中进行数据采集,得到实际位移值、实际负荷值和板试样杯的杯突试验数据阈值;当满足预设停机条件时停机;根据实验位移值、实际负荷值和杯突试验数据阈值,得到杯突试验结果.本发明通过多维度数据整合克服了数据独立分析的局限性,使得杯突试验结果更精准,评价维度更全面. + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00009.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00009.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b65984fad95c902226ba9ab11ec3ec02f65f2803 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00009.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +[0073] 根据所述裂缝首次出现时间、所述负荷峰值和所述位移峰值,得到所述杯突试验结果。 + +[0074] 第二方面,本发明实施例提供了一种杯突试验机的控制系统,所述控制系统用于控制杯突试验机,所述控制系统包括:图像采集模块、控制模块、冲压模块、传感器模块和电源模块,所述冲压模块用于控制冲压装置对板状试样进行冲压,传感器模块用于控制传感器实时监测施加在板状试样上的载荷和位移,所述电源模块用于控制电源向所述控制系统进行供电,所述图像采集装置用于采集杯突实验过程中的视频数据,所述控制模块用于执行第一方面任一项所述的杯突试验机的控制方法。 + +[0075] 综上所述,本发明的有益效果如下: + +[0076] 本发明实施例提供的一种环试验机的控制方法及系统,通过根据板试样环的材料参数,获取精确的夹紧负荷值和试验控制参数,包括冲击速度、最大冲压负荷值和最大位移值,确保冲压过程试样受力均匀,从而提高试验结果的准确性和可靠性。在环压试验过程中,控制传感器和图像采集装置同步采集实际位移值、实际负荷值和试验视频数据,实现对试验状态的实时监控。一旦检测到实际位移值或实际负荷值满足预设停机条件,立即控制冲压装置停机,避免因过度冲压造成的试样破坏或数据损失。结合了负荷值、位移值和试验视频数据,通过综合分析三者的变换趋势,能够更全面地反映试样在试验过程中的状态。这种多维度数据融合的方式,克服了传统方案中数据独立分析的局限性,使得试验结果更加精准、更加全面。通过自动化的参数获取、数据采集、和机控控制,减少了人工操作和判断带来的误差,提升了试验的自动化程度和工作效率。该方法能够适应不同材料的试样,利用材料参数调整试验控制参数,从而适用于多种材料和试验条件,扩大了环压试验机的应用范围。 + +## 附图说明 + +[0077] 为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对本发明实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图,这些均在本发明的保护范围内。 + +[0078] 图1为本发明实施例杯突试验机的结构示意图。 + +[0079] 图2为本发明实施例一种杯突试验机的控制方法的流程示意图。 + +[0080] 图3为本发明实施例一种杯突试验机的控制方法的流程示意图。 + +[0081] 图4为本发明实施例一种杯突试验机的控制方法的流程示意图。 + +[0082] 图5是本发明实施例一种杯突试验机的控制系统的结构示意图。 + +## 具体实施方式 + +[0083] 下面将详细描述本发明的各个方面的特征和示例性实施例,为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细描述。应理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅被配置为解释本发明,并不被配置为限定本发明。对于本领域技术人员来说,本发明可以在不需要这些具体细节中的一些细节的情况下实施。下面对实施例的描述仅仅是为了通过示出本发明的示例来提供对本发明更好的理解。 +[0084] 需要说明的是,在本文中,诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00010.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00010.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e6309a6214da0f7aa6ad2794e198b74469fbe682 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00010.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +[104] 具体的,弹性模量是材料在弹性范围内应力与应变的比值,反映了材料的刚性。屈服强度是材料发生塑性变形时的应力,抗拉强度是材料在拉伸试验中所能承受的最大应力。硬度是材料抵抗局部塑性变形(如压入或划痕)的能力。延伸率是材料在拉伸至断裂时的伸长量与原始长度的比值,反映了材料的塑性。获取这些材料力学性能参数是为了准确设定冲击速度、最大冲击负荷值和最大位移值。这些参数直接影响试样在试验中的受力形为和失效模式。根据材料类型,通过查阅材料力学性能手册或数据表获取相应的弹性模量、屈服强度、抗拉强度、硬度和延伸率。对于标准材料,这些数据通常是已知的。在某些情况下,如果材料的性能未知或需要进一步验证,可以通过实验手段如拉伸试验、硬度测试等,直接测定这些力学性能参数。通过准确获取这些力学性能参数,可以确保试验过程中的力学条件符合材料的实际特性,进而提高试验结果的可靠性和精度。 + +[0105] S14、根据所述屈服强度、所述弹性模量和所述材料厚度,确定所述冲压速度; + +[106] 具体的,冲压速度是冲头在杯突试验过程中移动的速度,对材料的变形行为和应力状态有显著影响。确定冲压速度是为了在试验中平衡试样的塑性变形能力与冲压过程中可能引起的应力集中。合理的冲压速度有助于试样平稳变形而不发生早失效。根据试样的屈服强度和塑性模量,结合材料厚度,推荐合理的冲压速度范围。较高的屈服强度和较大的弹性模量通常需要较低的冲压速度,以避免试样在初始阶段发生断裂。可以用经验公式或实验数据对冲压速度进行调整,确保速度既能有效施加载荷,又能避免对试样的过度冲击。通过合理设定冲压速度,可以提高试样在试验过程中的安全性,确保材料在受力过程中逐步发生塑性变形,减少试样破裂的风险。 + +[0107] S15、根据所述屈服强度、所述材料厚度以及所述冲压区域截面积,确定所述最大冲压负荷值; + +[0108] 具体的,最大冲压负荷值这是指冲压过程中,试样所能承受的最大载荷值。超过这一负荷值,试样可能会发生断裂或其他形式的失效。·确定最大冲压负荷值是为了在试验过程中提供一个明确的载荷上限,确保试样在最大应力条件下仍能保持结构完整性。 + +[0109] 通过公式 $F_{\text{max}} = \sigma_y \cdot A$,其中 $F_{\text{max}}$ 为最大冲压负荷值,$\sigma_y$ 为屈服强度,$A$ 为冲压区域截面积。该公式表明,最大冲压负荷值与材料的屈服强度和冲压区域的面积成正比,而材料厚度在截面积的计算中已被考虑。通过计算和推导,得到试样所能承受的最大载荷,并在试验过程中设定为上限,以避免对试样施加过大的应力。通过精确计算最大冲压负荷值,可以有效防止试样在试验过程中过早破裂,确保试验的成功率和数据的可靠性。 + +[0110] S16、根据所述延伸率和所述材料厚度,确定所述最大位移值; + +[0111] 具体的,最大位移值是指在冲压过程中,冲压头在材料试样上产生的最大位移,超过这一位移值,材料可能会失去塑性或发生断裂。确定最大位移值是为了防止冲压头在试验过程中超过材料的延展能力,导致材料断裂或失效。根据材料的延伸率($\epsilon$)和厚度(t),结合实验公式或试验数据,推导出最大位移值。在一实施例中,所述经验公式:$\delta_{max} = \epsilon \times t$,其中 $\delta_{max}$ 为最大位移值。将推导出的最大位移值作为冲压过程中的限制,确保冲压过程中位移不超过材料的延展极限。通过合理确定最大位移值,可以有效防止材料试样在试验中发生拉裂,确保冲压过程平稳进行,得到可靠的测试数据。 +[0112] S17,根据所述材料厚度和所述硬度,确定初始夹紧力值; + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00011.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00011.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3df7738e31814979d79d564577b326d823ee8509 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00011.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +1. 一种杯突试验机的控制方法,其特征在于,所述杯突试验机包括机架、冲压头、固定装置、传感器和图像采集装置,其中,所述冲压装置包括依次连接的冲压头和液压驱动机构,所述液压驱动机构用作驱动所述冲压头对板状试样进行冲压,所述固定装置与所述机架固定连接,所述固定装置包括试样固定底座和固定设置于所述试样固定底座上的试样夹持机构,所述试样固定底座设置有冲压头过孔,所述图像采集装置设置于所述机架,所述传感器包括位移传感器和压力传感器,所述位移传感器用于获取所述冲压头的位移,所述压力传感器用于获取施加在板状试样上的载荷,所述方法包括: + +根据板状试样的材料参数,获取所述板状试样的夹紧负荷值以及所述杯突试验机的试验控制参数,其中,所述试验控制参数包括冲压速度、最大冲压负荷值和最大位移值; + +根据所述夹紧负荷值,通过所述试样夹持机构对放置于所述试样固定底座上的板状试样进行夹持; + +根据所述试验控制参数,控制所述冲压装置对所述板状试样进行杯突试验,并控制所述传感器和所述图像采集装置在所述杯突试验的过程中进行数据采集,得到实际位移值、实际负荷值和板状试样的杯突试验视频数据; + +当所述实际位移值和/或实际负荷值满足预设停机条件时,控制所述冲压装置停机,其具体包括: + +根据预设滤波算法对所述实际位移值和所述实际负荷值进行滤波,得到滤波位移值和滤波负荷值; + +根据所述滤波位移值和所述滤波负荷值进行曲线拟合,实时获取压力-位移关系拟合曲线; + +根据预设滑动窗口分别计算所述滤波位移值和所述滤波负荷值的变化率,得到位移变化率和负荷变化率; + +根据所述压力-位移关系拟合曲线和所述实际负荷值进行残差分析,得到负荷残差值; + +判断所述负荷残差值、所述位移变化率和所述负荷变化率是否满足所述预设停机条件,其中,所述预设停机条件包括:所述负荷残差值的绝对值大于预设残差阈值,且所述负荷变化率小于负荷变化率阈值和/或所述位移变化率大于位移变化率阈值; + +当满足所述预设停机条件时,控制所述冲压装置停机; + +根据所述实际位移值、所述实际负荷值和所述杯突试验视频数据,得到所述板状试样的杯突试验结果。 + +2. 根据权利要求1所述的杯突试验机的控制方法,其特征在于,根据板状试样的材料参数,获取所述板状试样的夹紧负荷值以及所述杯突试验机的试验控制参数,包括: + +获取所述板状试样的材料参数和所述冲压头的尺寸参数,其中,所述材料参数包括:材料类型和材料厚度; + +根据所述冲压头的尺寸参数,确定冲压区域截面积; + +根据所述材料类型,获取所述板状试样的弹性模量、屈服强度、抗拉强度、硬度和延伸率; + +根据所述屈服强度、所述弹性模量和所述材料厚度,确定所述冲压速度; + +根据所述屈服强度、所述材料厚度以及所述冲压区域截面积,确定所述最大冲压负荷值; diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00012.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00012.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f49190c9a50a46e873dfeb37b8a07556e4768743 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00012.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +[0201] S538、对所述第一异常点时刻序列中满足预设过滤条件的异常点进行滤波,得到第二异常点时刻序列,其中,所述预设过滤条件包括预设最小时间窗口内仅包括一个异常点以及所述异常点对应的残差值小于预设残差值阈值; + +[0202] 具体的,根据预设规则筛选掉不符合要求的异常点,预设残差阈值是一个设定的数值,用于判断残差值是否足够显著。如果异常点的强度不超过此阈值,则排除该点。强度阈值可以根据实际数据分布设定,比如异常点残差超过平均残差的2倍标准差。预设最小时间窗口是为了检查异常点是否存在时间上的连续性,连续时间上的异常点更有可能与物理变化相关,而单个孤立的异常点可能是噪声,如果在该时间窗口内只有一个异常点,则可以排除该点。 + +[0203] S539、根据预设空间聚类算法对所述第二异常点时刻序列进行聚类,得到目标异常点时刻序列; + +[0204] 具体的,使用聚类算法如DBSCAN将异常点聚集,找到密集的点群。DBSCAN可以识别密集点群并排除噪声点,设定最小点群大小和邻域半径,只有在同一时间段内,异常点的数量和密集度超过设定阈值时,才认为它们是有效的异常点,记为目标异常点时刻序列。通过聚类算法,将相关性更强的异常点归类在一起,进一步减少噪声,找到最有代表性的异常时刻。异常点时刻序列更加集中和代表性强,有助于明确关键时刻,有利于后续对试验视频的剪裁和分析。 + +[0205] S5310、根据所述目标异常点时刻序列,确定初始裂缝出现时刻; + +[0206] 具体的,初始裂缝出现时刻是杯突试验中从数据层面首次观察到试样表面出现裂缝的时间点,通常是试验过程中材料开始发生失效的关键时刻。根据聚类后的目标异常点时刻序列,找出可能代表初始裂缝出现的时刻,通常是序列中第一个显著的异常点。 + +[0207] S5311、根据所述初始裂缝出现时刻和预设提前剪裁时间,对所述杯突试验视频数据进行裁剪,得到所述目标杯突试验视频数据。 + +[0208] 具体的,计算出初始裂缝出现时刻后,向前推移预设的剪裁时间,确定视频数据的起始点,然后对视频进行剪裁,保留关键时刻,去除无关的部分,保留对结果分析最有意义的时间段,剪裁后的视频数据更具代表性,减少冗余信息,便于进行更准确的结果分析和总结。 + +[0209] 本实施例的步骤通过对杯突试验过程中的负荷和位移数据进行平滑、趋势分析、残差分析、异常检测、聚类等处理,最终确定初始裂纹的出现时刻,并剪裁相关视频数据,确保得到的目标杯突试验视频数据集中展示了试验中的关键部分。这种处理方法既提高了数据分析的精度,又减少了不必要的信息干扰,有助于更好地理解材料在试验中的表现和最终的试验结果。 + +[0210] S54、根据所述目标杯突试验视频数据、所述负荷值序列和所述位移值序列,得到所述杯突试验结果。 + +[0211] 具体的,根据负荷值、位移值和视频数据综合得出的试验分析结论,例如试样的破裂模式、极限负荷和变形特征等,将负荷值序列和位移值序列与裁剪后的目标视频数据结合,进行综合分析。通过分析负荷和位移随时间的变化来评估试样的破裂行为。对比视频数据中的裂缝特征和负荷、位移数据,确认裂缝的形成点和扩展过程。根据分析结果,生成试验报告,详细描述试样的破裂模式、最大负荷、变形量等试验结果。 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00013.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00013.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..84fc7ebcf38d16abc9bb0366ccbbf77824529074 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00013.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + + + +图 1 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00014.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00014.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..67f68d72b20860f27d7367617c5f92e7b9fc1590 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00014.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + + + +图 2 + + + +图 3 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00015.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00015.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a54e0f9cf852cfd737a4c81631eb06d82c0133ba --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00015.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + + + +图 4 + + + +图 5 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00016.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00016.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..10c5dfff915c29a22bf182054451635dea80d7c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00016.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +根据所述延伸率和所述材料厚度,确定所述最大位移值; + +根据所述材料厚度和所述硬度,确定初始夹紧负荷值; + +若所述初始夹紧负荷值大于等于预设夹紧负荷阈值,则以所述初始夹紧负荷值作为所述夹紧负荷值; + +若所述初始夹紧负荷值小于所述预设夹紧负荷阈值,则根据所述预设夹紧负荷阈值设置所述夹紧负荷值。 + +3. 根据权利要求1所述的杯突试验机的控制方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述试验控制参数,控制所述冲压装置对所述板状试样进行杯突试验,并控制所述传感器和所述图像采集装置在所述杯突试验的过程中进行数据采集,得到实际位移值、实际负荷值和板状试样的杯突试验视频数据,包括: + +根据所述冲压速度、最大冲压负荷值以及所述板状试样的材料类型,确定目标润滑油; + +将所述目标润滑油均匀涂覆在所述板状试样和所述冲压头的表面; + +根据所述冲压速度,确定所述位移传感器和所述压力传感器的采样频率,其中,所述采样频率和所述冲压速度呈正相关; + +根据所述冲压速度控制所述冲压装置对所述板状试样进行冲压; + +根据所述采样频率控制所述位移传感器和所述压力传感器分别采集的冲压过程中的实际位移值和实际负荷值,并控制所述图像采集装置获取冲压过程中所述板状试样的视频,得到杯突试验视频数据。 + +4. 根据权利要求1所述的杯突试验机的控制方法,其特征在于,所述判断所述负荷残差值、所述位移变化率和所述负荷变化率是否满足所述预设停机条件,包括: + +根据所述预设滑动窗口和所述滤波位移值,获取所述预设滑动窗口内的位移均值和位移标准差; + +根据所述预设滑动窗口和所述滤波负荷值,获取所述预设滑动窗口内的负荷均值和负荷标准差; + +根据所有所述预设滑动窗口内的位移均值和位移标准差进行第一动态阈值计算,得到所述位移变化率阈值; + +根据所有所述预设滑动窗口内的负荷均值和负荷标准差进行第二动态阈值计算,得到所述负荷变化率阈值; + +根据所述负荷变化率阈值、所述位移变化率阈值和预设残差阈值,判断是否满足所述预设停机条件。 + +5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的杯突试验机的控制方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述实际位移值、所述实际负荷值和所述杯突试验视频数据,得到所述板状试样的杯突试验结果,包括: + +根据所述冲压装置停机前的所有实际负荷值,得到负荷值序列: + +根据所述冲压装置停机前的所有实际位移值,得到位移值序列; + +响应于所述杯突试验视频数据满足预设试验成功条件,根据所述负荷值序列和所述位移值序列,对所述杯突试验视频数据进行裁剪,获取目标杯突试验视频数据; + +根据所述目标杯突试验视频数据、所述负荷值序列和所述位移值序列,得到所述杯突试验结果。 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00017.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00017.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..89940af7d9d775f8002a994a1e54f29373b54b4a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00017.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +## 一种杯突试验机的控制方法及系统技术领域 + +[0001] 本发明涉及试验机控制技术领域,尤其涉及一种杯突试验机的控制方法及系统。 + +## 背景技术 + +[0002] 杯突试验是一种用于评估金属板材塑性变形能力的标准实验方法。通过冲压装置在板材表面施加逐渐增大的载荷,观察板材在冲压过程中是否出现裂纹或破裂,从而判断材料的成形性和抗裂性能。该试验广泛应用于汽车、航空、建筑等领域,以确保材料在实际应用中的可靠性和耐用性。 + +[0003] 传统的杯突试验机控制方案通常采用简单的力或位移控制策略,结合传感器数据实时监控试验进程。例如,当检测到冲压负荷达到预设的最大值或位移达到极限值时,控制系统会自动停止冲压装置的运行,以保护设备和试样。然而,这些控制方案往往只关注最终的力或位移极值,忽视了在试验过程中可能发生的材料异常变形或裂纹产生的早期信号。图像采集装置虽然用于记录试验过程,但通常只是用于事后分析,而未能在试验过程中实时提供有价值的反馈。 + +[0004] 现有的杯突试验机控制方案虽然同时采集了位移、负荷以及视频数据,但这些数据通常是独立分析的,缺乏一种有效的整合方法来实时获取试样的状态信息,从而导致获取的杯突试验结果不精准。 + +## 发明内容 + +[0005] 有鉴于此,本发明实施例提供了一种杯突试验机的控制方法及系统,用以解决现有技术缺乏有效的整合方法来实时获取试样的状态信息,从而导致获取的杯突试验结果不精准的问题。 + +[0006] 第一方面,本发明实施例提供了一种杯突试验机的控制方法,所述杯突试验机包括机架、冲压装置、固定装置、传感器和图像采集装置,其中,所述冲压装置包括依次连接的冲压头和液压驱动机构,所述冲压驱动机构用以驱动所述冲压头对板状试样进行冲压,所述固定装置与所述机架固定连接,所述固定装置包括试样固定底座和固定设置于所述试样固定座上的试样夹持机构,所述试样固定底座设置有冲压头过孔,所述图像采集装置设置于所述机架,所述传感器包括位移传感器和压力传感器,所述位移传感器用于获取所述冲压头的位移,所述压力传感器用于获取施加在板状试样上的载荷,所述方法包括: + +[0007] 根据板状试样的材料参数,获取所述板状试样的夹紧负荷值以及所述杯突试验机的试验控制参数,其中,所述试验控制参数包括冲压速度、最大冲压负荷值和最大位移值; +[0008] 根据所述夹紧负荷值,通过所述试样夹持机构对放置于所述试样固定底座上的板状试样进行夹持; + +[0009] 根据所述试验控制参数,控制所述冲压装置对所述板状试样进行杯突试验,并控制所述传感器和所述图像采集装置在所述杯突试验的过程中进行数据采集,得到实际位移值、实际负荷值和板状试样的杯突试验视频数据; diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00018.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00018.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f48edea3784d698cf58945e056f44a2150f38342 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00018.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ + + +## (12) 发明专利申请 + + + +(10) 申请公布号 CN 119321029 A + +(43) 申请公布日 2025.01.17 + +(21) 申请号 202411342662.7 + +(22) 申请日 2024.09.25 + +(71) 申请人 江苏铂图智能设备有限公司 + +地址 221499 江苏省徐州市新沂市市府东 + +路与长江路交叉口东南300米路北 + +(72) 发明人 陈文强 闻斌 程圣峰 + +(74)专利代理机构 徐州卓新创燃知识产权代理事务所(普通合伙) 32841 + +专利代理师 孙凯 + +(51) Int. Cl. + +D05B 55/02 (2006.01) + +## (54) 发明名称 + +一种缝纫机针固定安装装置 + + + +## (57) 摘要 + +一种缝纫机针固定安装装置,属于缝纫机技术领域,包括针筒、活动卡件和机针,针筒内壁对称设有滑槽,活动卡件设于滑槽上,机针上端安装设于活动卡件上;活动卡件包括第一固定块、第二固定块和螺纹杆,第一固定块上设有内螺孔,第二固定块上设有沉孔,且沉孔与内螺孔设于同一轴线上,螺纹杆的一端活动设于沉孔内,螺纹杆的另一端贯穿沉孔螺纹连接设于内螺孔中,针筒外壁对称设有第一螺孔和第二螺孔,第一螺孔靠近沉孔设置,且第一螺孔与沉孔活动相接,第二螺孔靠近内螺孔设置,且第二螺孔与内螺孔活动相接,第一螺孔螺纹连接设有紧固件,第一固定块与第二固定块之间设有安装槽,方便机针安装到位,并紧固机针,避免机针安装不牢固和机针歪斜。 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00019.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00019.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..944b3481e5bb8e5f5b94338fb0a2df08f30cbfff --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00019.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + + +图3 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00020.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00020.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ea3ecc8c93d9204344a2d2bea394259f8aaf6813 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00020.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + + +图4 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00021.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00021.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fd7b6c12537aa17ad1ce2122ec4ab11348596b7d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00021.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + + +图6 + + + +图7 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00022.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00022.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3fc64113ae09c62eab70239dab0d812407363570 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00022.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +## 一种缝纫机针固定安装装置技术领域 + +[0001] 本发明涉及缝纫机技术领域,具体是指一种缝纫机针固定安装装置。 + +## 背景技术 + +[0002] 缝纫机机针是缝纫机中用于缝制辅料的连线装置,机针又称缝针、车针,是缝纫机的重要组成附件。目前,部分缝纫机针用的固定安装装置,其在使用时需要用户将机针送入针管中,容易出现用户的操作失误使机针于针管中未完全插入,进而会造成后期的机针勾线困难,出现跳线的情况,还有可能使机针插入不牢固,机针歪斜,导致缝纫布料时发生偏移、皱褶、断线等问题,影响缝纫品质和效率。 + +## 发明内容 + +[0003] 针对上述情况,为克服现有技术的缺陷,本发明提供了一种缝纫机针固定安装装置,至少部分解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。 + +[0004] 本发明采用的技术方案如下:一种缝纫机固定安装装置,包括针筒、活动卡件和机针,所述针筒内壁对称设有滑槽,所述活动卡件设于针筒内,且所述活动卡件活动设于滑槽上,所述机针上端安装设于活动卡件上; + +所述活动卡件包括第一固定块、第二固定块和螺纹杆,所述第一固定块上设有内螺孔,所述第二固定块上设有沉孔,且所述沉孔与内螺孔设于同一轴线上,所述螺纹杆的一端活动设于沉孔内,所述螺纹杆的另一端贯穿沉孔螺纹连接于内螺孔上,第一固定块与第二固定块通过螺纹杆相连接,通过螺纹杆可调整第一固定块与第二固定块之间的距离,所述筒外壁对称设有第一螺孔和第二螺孔,所述第一螺孔靠近沉孔设置,且所述第一螺孔与沉孔活动相接,所述第二螺孔靠近内螺孔设置,且所述第二螺孔与内螺孔活动相接,所述第一螺纹连接设有紧固件,所述第一固定块与第二固定块之间设有安装槽,所述安装槽呈几字形设置,用于安装机针。 + +[0005] 进一步的,所述螺纹杆的一端设有十字槽,所述十字槽设于沉孔内,所述紧固件的一端设有十字起,所述十字起靠近针筒内壁设置,所述十字起与十字槽呈匹配设置。 + +[0006] 进一步的,所述第一固定块两侧对称设有收缩槽,所述收缩槽活动设有定位滑杆,所述定位滑杆的外端活动设于滑槽中,所述定位滑杆上固定设有卡板,且所述卡板设于卡设于收缩槽内,所述卡板活动贴合收缩槽侧壁设置,所述定位滑杆上设有伸缩弹簧,所述伸缩弹簧的一端抵靠卡板设置,所述伸缩弹簧的另一端抵靠收缩槽底壁设置。 + +[0007] 进一步的,所述针筒侧壁对称设有定位孔,且所述定位孔贯穿设于滑槽上端。 + +[0008] 进一步的,所述针筒外壁对称设有连接块,且所述连接块设于定位孔下方,所述连接块上设有可转动的弧形活动杆,所述活动杆的活动端铰接有顶针,所述顶针活动设于定位孔中。 + +[0009] 进一步的,所述针筒下端设有限位板,所述限位板固定设于针筒下端,所述限位板上贯穿设有限位槽孔。 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00023.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00023.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5f5ba747d62b7d6082bc2c8d38c9b8608c86fbff --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00023.md @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +[0010] 进一步的,所述机针上端设有扁平状桨板,所述桨板与限位槽孔的大小呈匹配设置。 + +[0011] 在进一步的实施方案中,所述浆板的长度大于针筒内腔长度。 + +[0012] 在进一步的实施方案中,所述活动卡板上设有弹性垫,所述弹性垫设于第一固定块上,且所述弹性垫设于安装槽顶部。 + +[0013] 在进一步的实施方案中,所述紧固件的一端设有转柄,所述转柄设于针筒外端。 + +[0014] 采用上述结构本发明取得的有益效果如下: + +(1) 机针顶部推动活动扣件滑动至针筒上端,通过观察第一螺孔与沉孔、第二螺孔与内螺孔的对应情况,可判断机针是否完全插入,避免插入不完全造成后期的机针勾线困难、出现跳线的情况; + +(2) 活动卡件通过定位滑杆和定位孔一次位置固定,通过第一螺孔、紧固件、螺纹杆和第二螺孔完成二次位置固定,双重固定增加了机针安装的牢固性; + +(3) 当机针上端的浆板完全插入安装槽并滑动至滑槽上端时,浆板下端刚好处于限位槽孔中,然后通过紧固件夹紧安装槽,使限位槽孔和安装槽共同对机针浆板进行位置固定,防止机针歪斜而导致缝纫布料时发生偏移、皱褶、断线等问题,避免影响缝纫品质和效率。 + +## 附图说明 + +[0015] 图1为本发明实施例提出的缝纫机针固定安装装置的整体结构示意图; + +图2为本发明实施例提出的机针的结构示意图; + +图3为本发明实施例提出的针筒的正向透视图; + +图4为本发明实施例图1中A处的放大图; + +图5为本发明实施例提出的针筒的侧向透视图; + +图6为本发明实施例提出的活动卡件的结构示意图; + +图7为本发明实施例提出的限位板的结构示意图; + +图8为本发明实施例提出的螺纹杆的结构示意图; + +图9为本发明实施例提出的紧固件的结构示意图。 + +[0016] 其中,1.针筒,2.活动卡件,3.机针,4.滑槽,5.第一固定块,6.第二固定块,7.螺纹杆,8.内螺孔,9.沉孔,10.第一螺孔,11.第二螺孔,12.紧固件,13.安装槽,14.十字槽,15.十字起,16.收缩槽,17.定位滑杆,18.卡板,19.伸缩弹簧,20.定位孔,21.连接块,22.活动杆,23.顶针,24.限位块,25.限位槽孔,26.桨板,27.弹性垫,28.转柄。 + +[0017] 附图用来提供对实施例的进一步理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与本实施例一起用于解释,并不构成对实施例的限制。 + +## 具体实施方式 + +[0018] 下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例;基于实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于保护的范围。 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00024.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00024.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a2b1c95ea7bb902cad549abebec694c111b9e76d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00024.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + + +图1 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00025.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00025.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cea4ba3f8b182c579722f48b4855822ed3ec22d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00025.md @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +## (12) 发明专利申请 + +(10)申请公布号 CN 119320332 A +(43)申请公布日 2025.01.17 + +(10) 申请公布号 CN 119320332 A + +(43) 申请公布日 2025.01.17 + +(21) 申请号 202411343735.4 + +(22) 申请日 2024.09.25 + +(71) 申请人 南京理工大学 + +地址 210094 江苏省南京市孝陵卫200号 + +(72) 发明人 徐勃 罗鑫 伊斯梅尔·谢巴尼 周国荣 黄静 + +(74) 专利代理机构 南京理工大学专利中心 32203 + +专利代理师 邹伟红 + +(51) Int. Cl. + +C07C 229/60(2006.01) + +CO7C 227/18(2006.01) + +CO7D 209/88(2006.01) + +CO7D 265/38(2006.01) + +C07D 279/26 (2006.01) + +C07D 219/14 (2006.01) + +CO7D 279/34(2006.01) + +C07D 241/48(2006.01) + +C07F 7/10 (2006.01) + +H10K 85/60 (2023.01) + +H10K 30/86 (2023.01) + +H10K 50/15 (2023.01) + + +## (54) 发明名称 + +含三苯胺二羧基自组装空穴传输材料、合成方法及作为光电器件的应用 + +## (57) 摘要 + +本发明属于有机半导体光电技术领域,记载了一种含三苯胺二羧基自组装空穴传输材料、合成方法及作为光电器件的应用。本发明以三苯胺二羧基为锚定基团,通过自组装单分子层策略,在分子结构中引入桥连单元和空穴传输单元,从而得到含三苯胺二羧基的空穴传输材料,可解决现有技术中具有锚定性能的有机小分子面临着稳定性差以及器件性能不佳等技术问题。本发明所述空穴传输材料中三苯胺二羧基的引入,能够提升光电器件的效率,延长其使用寿命,包括钙钛矿太阳能电池、钙钛矿发光二极管,以及量子点发光二极管等等。 +
金属电极
ETL
光吸收层或发光层
HTL(本发明的化合物)
ITO
glass
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00026.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00026.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4ae9b1ed23d69c007d732668b4c69c4c66b31f92 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00026.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +$\smiles{OC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)O)c3ccc(cc3)c4ccc(cc4)N5c6ccccc6S(=O)(=O)c7ccccc57}$ +19 +$\smiles{OC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)O)c3ccc(cc3)c4ccc(cc4)N5c6ccccc6[Si](C)(C)c7ccccc57 }$ +20 +$\smiles{OC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)O)c3ccc(cc3)c4ccc(cc4)N5c6ccccc6C(C)(C)c7ccccc57 }$ +21 + +[005B] + +$\smiles{OC(=O)c1ccc(N(c2ccc(C(=O)O)cc2)c3ccc(-c4ccc(N5c6ccccc6C(C)(C)c7ccccc57)cc4)cc3)cc1}$ + +[0059] 实施例1 + +[0060] 化合物1的合成 + +$\smiles{COC(=O)c1ccc(Br)cc1.Nc1ccccc1>>COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccccc2)c3ccc(cc3)C(=O)OC>>COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(Br)cc2)c3ccc(cc3)C(=O)OC}$ +$\smiles{COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccccc2)c3ccc(cc3)C(=O)OC>>COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(Br)cc2)c3ccc(cc3)C(=O)OC}$ + +[0061] + +$\smiles{Fc1ccc(cc1)Nc2ccc(F)cc2>>COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)OC)c3ccc(cc3)c4ccc(cc4)Br>>Fc1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(F)cc2)c3ccc(cc3)c4ccc(cc4)N(c5ccc(cc5)C(=O)O)c6ccc(cc6)C(=O)O}$ + +[0062] (1) 中间体1的合成: +$\smiles{c1(Br)ccc(C(=O)OC)cc1.c1(N)ccccc1>>COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccccc2)c3ccc(cc3)C(=O)OC}$ +[0063] + +[0064] 将叔丁醇钠(7.74g, 80.53mmol)和80mL的甲苯加入至250mL的三口烧瓶,加热回流除水1小时后冷却至室温,然后依次加入苯胺(5.0g, 53.69mmol)、对溴苯甲酸甲酯(24.25g, 112.75mmol)以及$\mathrm{Pd}_{2}(\mathrm{dba})_{3}(0.1\mathrm{g}, 0.109\mathrm{mmol})$和$\mathrm{P}(\mathrm{t}-\mathrm{Bu})_{3}(2.0\mathrm{g}, 9.88\mathrm{mmol})$,升温至80℃搅拌10小时后,停止反应。将反应溶液冷却至室温,加入稀盐酸调节pH至中性,分液得到有机 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00027.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00027.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b887c54195bf5b782563dcd0d4ec7ad8a4373804 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00027.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +相并用无水硫酸钠干燥,柱色谱分离得到白色固体产物16.2g,产率83.5%。$^1$H NMR (400MHz, Chloroform-d) $\delta$7.71-7.65 (m, 4H), 7.38-7.33 (m, 4H), 7.32-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.13-7.08 (m, 2H), 7.04 (tt, J=7.7, 1.4Hz, 1H), 3.89 (s, 6H). HRMS (ESI, m/z): [M+H]$^+$ calculated for C$_{22}$H$_{20}$NO$_4$, 362.4050, found 362.4053. + +[0065] (2) 中间体2的合成: + +[0066] +$\smiles{COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccccc2)c3ccc(cc3)C(=O)OC.O=C1CCC(=O)N1Br>>COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(Br)cc2)c3ccc(cc3)C(=O)OC}$ +[0067] 在冰浴 (0℃) 条件下,将中间体 1 (10.0g, 27.67mmol) 溶于 90mL 的 DMF 溶液中,然后滴加 10mL 的 N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺 (5.91g, 33.20mmol) DMF 混合溶液,继续搅拌 4 小时后,停止反应。加入 300mL 去离子水,过滤得到固体粗产物并用 100mL 甲苯重结晶,得到白色固体产物 9.85g,产率 80.0% 。$^{1}$H NMR (400MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.71-7.65 (m, 4H), 7.52-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.38-7.33 (m, 4H), 7.15 (dd, J = 8.6, 1.4Hz, 2H), 3.89 (s, 6H)。HRMS (ESI, m/z): $[M+H]^{+}$ calculated for $C_{22}H_{19}BrNO_{4}$, 441.3010, found 441.3015。 + +[0068] (3)化合物1的合成: + +[0069] +$\smiles{COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(Br)cc2)c3ccc(cc3)C(=O)OC.Fc1ccc(cc1)Nc2ccc(F)cc2>>COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)OC)c3ccc(cc3)Nc4ccc(cc4)N(c5ccc(F)cc5)c6ccc(F)cc6.OC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)O)c3ccc(cc3)Nc4ccc(cc4)N(c5ccc(F)cc5)c6ccc(F)cc6} +$ +[0070] 将叔丁醇钠(0.65g,6.81mmol)和20mL的甲苯加入至100mL的三口烧瓶,加热回流除水1小时后冷却至室温,然后依次加入中间体2(2.0g,4.54mmol)、芳胺化合物(1.03g,5.00mmol)以及$Pd_{2}(dba)_{3}(0.04g,0.043mmol)$和$P(t-Bu)_{3}(0.8g,3.95mmol)$,升温至80℃搅拌15小时后,停止反应。浓缩反应溶液后得到固体粗产物,柱色谱纯化得到醋产物,然后在碱性条件下水解,搅拌约12h,反应液中析出大量固体产物,抽滤得到黄色固体1.30mg,产率53.3%$^{1}$H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ12.71(s,2H),8.00-7.95(m,4H),7.33-7.28(m,4H),7.27-7.17(m,8H),7.11-7.03(m,4H)。HRMS(ESI,m/z):$[M+H]^{+}$calculated for $C_{32}H_{23}F_{2}N_{2}O_{4}$,537.5428,found 537.5425。 + +[0071] 实施例2 + +[0072] 化合物2的合成 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00028.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00028.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..feafefa63ab0df4b22fa4adc4b63a01b9322fb48 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00028.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + +[0128] +$\smiles{COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)OC)c3ccc(cc3)B4OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O4.Brc1ccc(cc1)n2c3ccccc3c4ccccc24>> COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)OC)c3ccc(cc3)-c4ccc(cc4)n5c6ccccc6c7ccccc57.OC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)O)c3ccc(cc3)-c4ccc(cc4)n5c6ccccc6c7ccccc57}$ +[0129] 化合物13的合成和化合物12的合成步骤相似,得到产物1.92g,产率53.8%。$^{1}$H NMR (400MHz, Chloroform-d) $\delta$12.71 (s, 2H), 8.17–8.10 (m, 2H), 8.01–7.95 (m, 4H), 7.70–7.62 (m, 4H), 7.61–7.54 (m, 4H), 7.39–7.33 (m, 1H), 7.33–7.27 (m, 7H), 7.23–7.17 (m, 2H). HRMS (ESI, m/z): [M+H]$^{+}$ calculated for C$_{38}$H$_{27}$N$_{4}$O$_{4}$, 575.6440, found 575.6445. + +[0130] 实施例14 + +[0131] 化合物14的合成: + +[0132] +$\smiles{COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)OC)c3ccc(cc3)B4OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O4.Brc1ccc(cc1)n2c3ccc(F)cc3c4cc(F)ccc24>>COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)OC)c3ccc(cc3)-c4ccc(cc4)n5c6ccc(F)cc6c7cc(F)ccc57.OC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)O)c3ccc(cc3)-c4ccc(cc4)n5c6ccc(F)cc6c7cc(F)ccc57} +$ +[0133] 化合物14的合成和化合物12的合成步骤相似,得到产物2.11g,产率61.8%。$^{1}$H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ12.71 (s, 2H), 8.01-7.93 (m, 5H), 7.82 (dd, J=8.1, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.72-7.65 (m, 3H), 7.63-7.54 (m, 5H), 7.33-7.28 (m, 4H), 7.23-7.12 (m, 3H), 7.07 (td, J=8.0, 2.7 Hz, 1H). HRMS (ESI, m/z): $[M+H]^{+}$ calculated for $C_{38}H_{25}F_{2}N_{2}O_{4}$, 611.6248, found 611.6247. + +[0134] 实施例15 + +[0135] 化合物15的合成: + +[0136] +$\smiles{COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)OC)c3ccc(cc3)B4OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O4.Brc1ccc(cc1)n2c3ccc(F)cc3c4cc(F)ccc24>>COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)OC)c3ccc(cc3)-c4ccc(cc4)n5c6ccc(OC)cc6c7cc(OC)ccc57.OC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)O)c3ccc(cc3)-c4ccc(cc4)n5c6ccc(OC)cc6c7cc(OC)ccc57}$ +[0137] 化合物15的合成和化合物12的合成步骤相似,得到产物1.86g,产率56.0%。$^{1}$H NMR (400MHz, Chloroform-d) $\delta$12.71 (s, 2H), 8.01-7.95 (m, 4H), 7.89 (d, J=2.8Hz, 1H), 7.70-7.63 (m, 3H), 7.62-7.54 (m, 4H), 7.39-7.28 (m, 6H), 7.23-7.17 (m, 2H), 6.92 (ddd, J=9.2, 8.1, 2.7Hz, 2H), 3.83 (s, 6H). HRMS (ESI, m/z): [M+H]$^{+}$calculated for C$_{40}$H$_{31}$N$_{2}$O$_{6}$ + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00029.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00029.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bfd8596de844e6663e42a0993f5d7efb39481e4a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00029.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +CN 119320332 A + +权利要求书 + +1. 一种含三苯胺二羧基的空穴传输材料,其特征在于,具有如下式(Ⅰ)所示的化学通式: + +$\smiles{[R]-c1ccc2c(c1)[N]([L]-c3ccc(cc3)[N](c4ccc(cc4)C(=O)O)c5ccc(cc5)C(=O)O)c6cc([Q])ccc6[X]2}$ + +式中,$R_1$-$R_2$独立地选自为氢、卤素、烷氧基、硫代烷氧基、三氟甲基、C1-C6烷基中任一种或两种,且$R_1$-$R_2$为不同的取代位置或不同取代数目;L表示为单键、苯基、噻吩、呋喃、联苯;X表示为空、单键、氧、硫、羰基、磺酰基、碳二甲基、氮甲基、硅二甲基。 + +2. 一种含三苯胺二羧基的空穴传输材料,其特征在于,其结构为式i到ix中的任意一种: + +$\smiles{OC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)O)c3ccc(cc3)-c4ccc(cc4)n5c6ccccc6c7ccccc57}$ + +$\smiles{OC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)O)c3ccc(cc3)-c4ccc(cc4)N(c5ccccc5)c6ccccc6}$ + +$\smiles{OC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)O)c3ccc(cc3)-c4ccc(cc4)n5c6ccccc6Oc7ccccc57}$ + +$\smiles{OC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)O)c3ccc(cc3)-c4ccc(cc4)n5c6ccccc6Sc7ccccc57}$ + +$\smiles{OC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)O)c3ccc(cc3)-c4ccc(cc4)n5c6ccccc6C(=O)c7ccccc57}$ + +$\smiles{OC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)O)c3ccc(cc3)-c4ccc(cc4)n5c6ccccc6S(=O)(=O)c7ccccc57}$ + +$\smiles{OC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)O)c3ccc(cc3)-c4ccc(cc4)n5c6ccccc6C(C)(C)c7ccccc57}$ + +$\smiles{OC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)O)c3ccc(cc3)-c4ccc(cc4)n5c6ccccc6N(C)c7ccccc57}$ + +$\smiles{OC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)O)c3ccc(cc3)-c4ccc(cc4)n5c6ccccc6[Si](C)(C)c7ccccc57}$ + +其中,$R_1$、$R_2$独立地选自-H、-F、-Cl、-Br、-I、-OCH$_3$、-SCH$_3$、-CH$_3$、-CH$_2$CH$_3$、-CF$_3$中任意一 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00030.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00030.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f8614d69d610e8e00da621259b0c7da89fcf8ecd --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00030.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +CN 119320332 A + +说明书 + +[6161] 化合物21的合成和化合物12的合成步骤相似,得到产物1.48g,产率43.7%. $^{1}$H NMR (400MHz, Chloroform-d) $\delta$12.71 (s, 2H), 8.01-7.95 (m, 4H), 7.63-7.54 (m, 4H), 7.33-7.28 (m, 4H), 7.28-7.24 (m, 2H), 7.23-7.17 (m, 4H), 7.17-7.12 (m, 1H), 7.12-7.05 (m, 3H), 6.96 (dd, J=6.3, 1.4Hz, 2H), 1.62 (s, 6H). HRMS (ESI, m/z): [M+H]$^{+}$ calculated for C$_{41}$H$_{33}$N$_{2}$O$_{4}$, 617.7250, found 617.7256. + +[0162] 实施例22 + +[0163] 化合物22的合成: + +[0164] + +$\smiles{COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)OC)c3ccc(cc3)B4OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O4.Brc1ccc(cc1)n2c3ccccc3C(=O)c4ccccc24>>COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)OC)c3ccc(cc3)-c4ccc(cc4)n5c6ccccc6C(=O)c7ccccc57>>OC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)O)c3ccc(cc3)-c4ccc(cc4)n5c6ccccc6C(=O)c7ccccc57} +$ + +[0165] 化合物22的合成和化合物12的合成步骤相似,得到产物1.99g,产率57.8%. $^{1}$H NMR (400MHz, Chloroform-d) $\delta$12.71 (s, 2H), 8.05 (dd, J = 7.7, 1.5Hz, 2H), 8.01 - 7.95 (m, 4H), 7.63 - 7.55 (m, 4H), 7.52 (ddd, J = 8.1, 7.3, 1.7Hz, 2H), 7.35 - 7.26 (m, 8H), 7.19 (dq, J = 7.8, 1.8Hz, 4H). HRMS (ESI, m/z): [M+H]$^{+}$ calculated for C$_{39}$H$_{27}$N$_{2}$O$_{5}$, 603.6540, found 603.6544. + +[0166] 以下通过本发明合成的化合物1至化合物22分别制备的钙钛矿太阳能电池器件A1至A22和钙钛矿发光二极管器件B1至B22的制备过程及性能检测效果分析,对本发明化合物的用途及效果进行进一步详细说明,其中,本发明的光电器件结构示意图如图1所示。 + +[0167] 应用例1 + +[0168] 器件A1即钙钛矿电池的制备,方法步骤如下: + +[0169] 1) ITO导电玻璃基底的清洗; + +[0170] 2) 空穴传输层 (HTL) 的制备:将化合物1溶解于乙醇溶剂中,旋涂于ITO上方后,120℃退火20min除去吸附的水分子备用; + +[0171] 3) 钙钛矿薄膜(钙钛矿(perovskite)层)的制备:钙钛矿前驱体溶液的溶度为1.2M,钙钛矿薄膜由反溶剂一步法制备得到。旋涂分为两个阶段,第一阶段速度为1000rpm s$^{-1}$,旋涂10s,加速度为200rpm s$^{-2}$;第二阶段为5000rpm s$^{-1}$涂30s,加速度为2000rpm s$^{-2}$,在第二阶段结束前20s,将600微升甲苯作为反溶剂滴加在钙钛矿膜中央,最后100℃加热30min即可得到最终的钙钛矿薄膜; + +[0172] 3)电子传输层(ETL)和空穴阻挡层制备:使用氯苯配制PCBM的溶液,浓度为20mg mL⁻¹,两步程序旋涂(800rpm s⁻¹,10s;4000rpm s⁻¹,30s),80℃退火10min。 + +[0173] 4) 空穴阻挡层制备: 最后, 滴涂120μL BCP的异丙醇溶液制备空穴阻挡层(ITO): + +[0174] 5) 背电极制备:使用真空蒸镀仪 $(5 \times 10^{-4} \text{Pa})$ 蒸镀 100 nm 银构成负极。 + +[0175] 器件A2制备方法与器件A1相同,除ITO上采用化合物2制备空穴传输层。 + +[0176] 器件A3制备方法与器件A1相同,除ITO上采用化合物3制备空穴传输层。 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00031.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00031.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8a99344e8ebf2d04a8c58f6f58f4dacd4994baf4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00031.md @@ -0,0 +1,172 @@ + +[0202] + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
器件代号短路电流密度(mA/cm)开路电压(V)填充因子
(%)
效率
(%)
效率相对值
(%)@240h
器件 AO21.431.1084.8317.0355
器件 AI23.331.0876.0619.3183
器件A222.761.0979.5519.8282
器件A322.791.0979.5619.9086
器件A422.561.0877.1118.9383
器件A522.691.0980.8120.1487
器件 A622.191.0978.3219.0382
器件A721.961.0980.5919.4287
器件 A822.241.1080.3019.6884
器件A922.211.0979.7319.4785
器件A1024.961.0678.8920.9386
器件A1125.491.0578.9121.2989
器件A1225.021.0574.2819.5586
器件A1324.821.0679.3821.0388
器件A1424.051.0677.6619.9384
器件A1524.021.0678.4520.1387
器件A1624.671.0778.6220.8985
器件A1720.111.1180.6018.0880
器件A1824.681.0771.3118.8878
器件A1921.771.0978.9118.8085
器件 A2020.851.0979.5518.1983
器件A2120.511.0780.1917.9476
+ +[0203] + +
器件 A2220.611.0780.8417.9272
+ +[0204] 从表1和图2-图7可以看出:(1)本发明的三苯胺羧基化合物作为空穴传输材料应用在钙钛矿电池里面,电池的短路密度大于$20mA/cm^{2}$,开路电压大于1.05V,填充子大于74%。在模拟太阳光强为1.5AM下的光电转化效率均大于17%,最高达到21.29%。对比参比器件A0,显示出较高的光转换效率。这主要是由于传输单元和三苯胺羧基的引入,调节材料的前线轨道能级,使其与活性层材料能级更加匹配,提高界面载流子注入与提取效率,提升器件效率。另外能够钝化界面的结构缺陷,延长钙钛矿活性层中的载流子寿命,提升钙钛矿电池的开路电压和填充因子。(2)由于传输单元和三苯胺羧基的引入,可以提高空穴传输材料的光稳定性,氧化还原稳定性,从表1可以看出,在高温高湿状态下放置240小时后,利用 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00032.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00032.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8fd34d9129aba27ef895eed90125c332c27b8dee --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00032.md @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ + +本发明化合物作为空穴传输材料的钙钛矿电池,仍具有良好的光电转换效率,对比原始值,均高于70%,而参比器件A0只有55%,显示出本发明的电池良好的稳定性。传输单元除了可以增加材料的稳定性外,还可以增加材料的疏水性,减少钙钛矿电池工作时空气中的水分对钙钛矿层的侵蚀作用,提升电池的使用寿命。 + +[0205] 应用例2 + +[0206] 器件B1即钙钛矿发光二极管器件的制备,方法步骤如下: + +[0207] 1) ITO阳极: 将涂层厚度为150nm的ITO(氧化铟锡)玻璃基板用乙醇擦洗, 然后用丙酮清洗两次, 超声波洗涤20min, 洗涤结束后, 然后转移至等热台烘干, 烘烤结束后降温, 转移至UV-O₃处理15min; + +[0208] 2)空穴传输层(HTL)的制备:将化合物1溶解于乙醇溶剂中,旋涂于ITO上方后,120°C退火20min除去吸附的水分子备用; + +[0209] 3) 将钙钛矿量子点以2000rpm/45s,加速度为1000的旋涂参数旋于传输层上,并使用真空蒸镀仪,蒸镀45nm的TPBi作为电子传输层,在电子注入层上面真空蒸镀100nm的Al作为背电极。 + +[0210] 器件B2制备方法与器件B1相同,除ITO上采用化合物2制备空穴传输层。 + +[0211] 器件B3制备方法与器件B1相同,除ITO上采用化合物3制备空穴传输层。 + +[0212] 器件B4制备方法与器件B1相同,除ITO上采用化合物4制备空穴传输层。 + +[0213] 器件B5制备方法与器件B1相同,除ITO上采用化合物5制备空穴传输层。 + +[0214] 器件B6制备方法与器件B1相同,除ITO上采用化合物6制备空穴传输层。 + +[0215] 器件B7制备方法与器件B1相同,除ITO上采用化合物7制备空穴传输层。 + +[0216] 器件B8制备方法与器件B1相同,除ITO上采用化合物8制备空穴传输层。 + +[0217] 器件B9制备方法与器件B1相同,除ITO上采用化合物9制备空穴传输层。 + +[0218] 器件B10制备方法与器件B1相同,除ITO上采用化合物10制备空穴传输层。 + +[0219] 器件B11制备方法与器件B1相同,除ITO上采用化合物11制备空穴传输层。 + +[0220] 器件B12制备方法与器件B1相同,除ITO上采用化合物12制备空穴传输层。 + +[0221] 器件B13制备方法与器件B1相同,除ITO上采用化合物13制备空穴传输层。 + +[0222] 器件B14制备方法与器件B1相同,除ITO上采用化合物14制备空穴传输层。 + +[0223] 器件B15制备方法与器件B1相同,除ITO上采用化合物15制备空穴传输层。 + +[0224] 器件B16制备方法与器件B1相同,除ITO上采用化合物16制备空穴传输层。 + +[0225] 器件B17制备方法与器件B1相同,除ITO上采用化合物17制备空穴传输层。 + +[0226] 器件B18制备方法与器件B1相同,除ITO上采用化合物18制备空穴传输层。 + +[0227] 器件B19制备方法与器件B1相同,除ITO上采用化合物19制备空穴传输层。 + +[0228] 器件B20制备方法与器件B1相同,除ITO上采用化合物20制备空穴传输层。 + +[0229] 器件B21制备方法与器件B1相同,除ITO上采用化合物21制备空穴传输层。 + +[0230] 器件B22制备方法与器件B1相同,除ITO上采用化合物22制备空穴传输层。 + +[0231] 应用比较例2 + +[0232] 参比器件B0制备方法与器件B1相同,除ITO上采用空穴传输材料Ref制备空穴传输层,Ref的结构式如下: diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00033.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00033.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4a2d147930857a78c1d36e5ede00c6a64504f159 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00033.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + +[0233] + +$\smiles{O=P(O)(O)CCn1c2ccccc2c3ccccc13}$ + +[0234] 对上述所得的钙钛矿发光器件进行I-V-L测试,得到其相关性能参数如表2。 + +[0235] + +表2 + +[0236] + +
器件代号启亮电压
(V)
最大发光强度
(cd/dm²)
电流效率
(cd/A)
外量子效率
(%)
器件 B02.72968844.1211.30
器件 B12.62723948.8412.85
+ +[0237] + +
器件 B22.63236051.8413.63
器件 B32.63151251.7013.61
器件 B42.63028849.9713.15
器件 B52.62930649.4513.02
器件 B62.62780749.1012.95
器件 B72.62768548.5012.67
器件 B82.62773648.0312.41
器件 B92.63359750.8213.39
器件 B102.63060254.7714.46
器件 B112.63696049.1512.97
器件 B122.64416658.4415.24
器件 B132.64043257.6015.05
器件 B142.63981458.2615.22
器件 B152.63995958.4815.27
器件 B162.62946454.4614.56
器件 B172.63348763.9017.09
器件 B182.63113161.3916.44
器件 B192.63024967.1517.97
器件 B202.62274456.5714.92
器件 B212.61288149.4413.02
器件 B222.71268144.4811.72
+ +[0238] 从表2和图8-图13可以看出:(1)本发明的三苯胺羧基化合物作为空穴传输材料应用在钙钛矿发光二极管里面,启亮电压为2.6V,发光亮度均大于10000cd/m²,外量子效率均 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00034.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00034.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c11f4be92356e22af8f75db505cde35d2736107e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00034.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +说 明 书 附 图 + + + +图1 + + + +图2 + + + +图3 + +28 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00035.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00035.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c5e8fefa626265146d9c3cb0eee5ad7a4b8ce1da --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00035.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + +种,且$R_1$和$R_2$是不同的取代位置或不同取代数目;L表示为单键、苯基、噻吩、呋喃或联苯。 + +3. 如权利要求1所述的含三苯胺二羧基的空穴传输材料,其特征在于,$R_{1}$、$R_{2}$ 独立地为$-H$、$-F$ 或 $-OCH_{3}$,且 $R_{1}$ 和 $R_{2}$ 在相同的对位取代位置;L 为单键或苯基;且当式(i)和(ii)中 L 为单键时,$R_{1}$、$R_{2}$ 不为$-H$。 + +4. 一种含三苯胺二羧基自组装空穴传输材料的合成方法,其特征在于,包括: + +S1、将对溴苯甲酸甲酯和苯胺,在叔丁醇钠$(t-\mathrm{BuONa})$、三叔丁基膦$\left(\mathrm{P}\left(\mathrm{t}-\mathrm{Bu}\right)_{3}\right)$和三二亚苄基丙酮二钯$\left(\mathrm{Pd}_{2}\left(\mathrm{dba}\right)_{3}\right)$的参与下,于甲苯$\left(\mathrm{Toluene}\right)$中进行布赫瓦尔德-哈特维希偶联反应,制备中间体1的步骤, + +$\smiles{COC(=O)c1ccc(Br)cc1.Nc1ccccc1>>COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccccc2)c3ccc(cc3)C(=O)OC}$ + +S2、将中间体1与N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶液中进行取代反应,制备中间体2的步骤, + +$\smiles{COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccccc2)c3ccc(cc3)C(=O)OC.O=C1CCC(=O)N1Br>>COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(Br)cc2)c3ccc(cc3)C(=O)OC}$ + +S3.将中间体2与芳胺化合物,在叔丁醇钠、三叔丁基膦和三二亚苄基丙酮二钯的参与下,于甲苯中进行布赫瓦尔德-哈特维希偶联反应,再在氢氧化钠溶液中发生水解反应,制备目标产物含三苯胺二羧基的空穴传输材料的步骤, + +$\smiles{COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(Br)cc2)c3ccc(cc3)C(=O)OC.[R1]c1cc2c(cc1[R2])Nc3ccccc3[X]2>>OC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)O)c3ccc(cc3)-c4ccc(cc4)n5c6ccccc6Oc7ccccc57}$ + +其中,$R_1$、$R_2 = -H$、$-F$、$-OCH_3$,$X = $空、单键、氧、硫、羰基、磺酰基、碳二甲基、氮甲基、硅二甲基。 + +5. 权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤S1中,苯胺、对氨基苯甲酸甲酯、叔丁醇钠、三叔丁基膦、三亚苄基丙酮二钯的摩尔比为$1:2\sim2.5:1.5\sim3:0.1\sim0.2:.0:0.01\sim0.05$;偶联反应温度为$80\sim100^\circ\text{C}$,偶联反应时间为$8\sim12\text{h}$;步骤S2中,中间体1和N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺的摩尔比为$1.0\sim1.01:1\sim1.5$;取代反应温度为$5\sim0^\circ\text{C}$,取代反应时间为$4\sim8\text{h}$;步骤S3中,中间体2、芳胺化合物、叔丁醇钠、三叔丁基膦、三亚苄基丙酮二钯的摩尔比为$1:1.1\sim1.2:1.5\sim2:0.1\sim0.2:0.01\sim0.05$;偶联反应温度为$80\sim100^\circ\text{C}$,偶联反应时间为$4\sim12\text{h}$。 + +6. 一种含三苯胺二羧基自组装空穴传输材料的合成方法,其特征在于,包括: + +(a) 将中间体2和联硼酸频那醇酯在醋酸钾和甲苯的混合溶液中, 通过二(三苯基膦)二氯化钯 $(Pd(PPh_3)_2Cl_2)$ 催化偶联反应, 制备中间体3的步骤, \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00036.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00036.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..890b0491a0759147c87fdf64fde6fc79b2e142c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00036.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +CN 119320332 A + +权利要求书 + +$\smiles{COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(Br)cc2)c3ccc(cc3)C(=O)OC.CC1(C)OB(B2OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O2)OC1(C)C>>COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)B3OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O3)c3ccc(cc3)C(=O)OC}$ + +(b) 将中间体3和溴代芳烃,并与碳酸钾和二(三苯基膦)二氯化钯在甲苯/乙醇/水的混合溶液中进行布赫瓦尔德-哈特维希偶联反应,并在盐酸体系中发生水解反应,制备目标产物含三苯胺二羧基的空穴传输材料的步骤, + +$\smiles{COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)B3OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O3)c3ccc(cc3)C(=O)OC.Brc1ccc2[X]c3cc([R2])ccc3Nc2cc1[R1]>>OC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)O)c3ccc(cc3)-c4ccc(cc4)n5c6cc([R1])cc6[X]c7cc([R2])ccc57}$ + +其中,$R_{1}, R_{2} = -H, -F, -OCH_{3}, X =$ 空、单键、氧、硫、羰基、磺酰基、碳二甲基、氮甲基、硅二甲基。 + +7. 如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(a)中,中间体2、联硼酸频那醇酯、醋酸钾和二(三苯基膦)二氯化钯的摩尔比为$1:1.2\sim2:2\sim3:0.01\sim0.05$;偶联反应温度为$80\sim120^\circ\text{C}$,偶联反应时间为$6\sim12\text{h}$;步骤(b)中,中间体3、溴代芳烃、碳酸钾和二(三苯基膦)二氯化钯的摩尔比为$1:1.1\sim1.2:1.5\sim3:0.1\sim0.05$;偶联反应温度为$80\sim100^\circ\text{C}$,偶联反应时间为$4\sim12\text{h}$。 + +8. 如权利要求1-3任一所述的含三苯胺二羧基自组装空穴传输材料在制备空穴传输层中的用途。 + +9. 一种光电器件,其特征在于,其包含权利要求1-3任一所述的含三苯胺二羧基自组装空穴传输材料制备的空穴传输层。 + +10. 如权利要求9所述的光电器件,其特征在于,所述的空穴传输层通过将所述的含三苯胺二羧基自组装空穴传输材料溶解于醇类溶剂中制成浓度为1~10mg/mL的溶液,再涂覆在衬底上得到。 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00037.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00037.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b5c18123d479593726f1a27bc32f4ddb8986a7b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00037.md @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + +## 含三苯胺二羧基自组装空穴传输材料、合成方法及作为光电器件的应用 + +## 技术领域 + +[0001] 本发明属于有机半导体技术领域,具体涉及一种含三苯胺二羧基自组装空穴传输材料、合成方法及应用。 + +## 背景技术 + +[0002] 有机半导体材料因其分子设计多样性、重量轻、易于加工,并且具备广泛的集成应用特性,已经在溶液处理的薄膜电子器件中得到了广泛应用,这些器件包括有机场效应晶体管(OFETs)、有机太阳能电池(OSCs)、有机发光二极管(OLEDs)以及钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)。这些器件的性能严重依赖于活性材料的固有特性和不同功能层界面的加工条件。除了对活性层的优化外,确保电荷载流子通过的异质结界面的质量也是提高器件性能的关键,这些界面不仅决定了后沉积材料的覆盖、均匀性和结晶度,还通过调节器件中的缺陷密度和电场,显著影响电荷的提取、注入、输运和复合。 + +[0003] 单分子自组装(SAMs)空穴传输材料作为电荷选择层,可以有效地提取电荷载流子,并通过调整能级排列、钝化衬底缺陷和调节活性层形貌,实现高效光伏器件,从而成为解决传统电荷传输层相关问题的理想候选者。特别是含有杂原子(如硫和氧)、胺、铵盐及卤素等取代基的SAMs,能够有效钝化缺陷,填补钙钛矿/SAM表面的空位,提高器件性能。然而,常用的SAMs,如$[4-(3,6-\text{二甲基}-9H-\text{咔唑}-9-\text{基})]$膦酸(Me-4PACz),在底物上的分布不均匀,对钙钛矿前驱体的表面润湿性较差(Nature,2024,632,536-542)。这些特性对在Me-4PACz表面直接沉积高质量钙钛矿薄膜提出了挑战,可能导致较低的制造成品率和埋底界面的不希望的界面损耗。 + +## 发明内容 + +[0004] 本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种空穴传输性好、界面钝化能力强,适用于大规模应用的自组装单分子层空穴传输材料。 + +[0005] 为了达到上述目的,本发明提供了一种含三苯胺二羧基的空穴传输材料,具有如下式(1)所示的化学通式: + +[0006] + +$\smiles{OC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c1ccc(cc1)C(=O)O)c1ccc(cc1)*N1c2c(*)cccc2*c2c1cccc2*}$ + +[0007] 式中,$R_{1}-R_{2}$ 独立地选自为氢、卤素、烷氧基、硫代烷氧基、三氟甲基、Cl-C6烷基中任 + + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00038.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00038.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..94e3ee660e287210c6eb75262825ba9fa9c39f32 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00038.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ + +[0014] + +$\smiles{COC(=O)c1ccc(Br)cc1.Nc1ccccc1>>COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccccc2)c3ccc(cc3)C(=O)OC}$ + +[0015] S2、将中间体1与N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶液中进行取代反应,制备中间体2的步骤, + +[0016] + +$\smiles{COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccccc2)c3ccc(cc3)C(=O)OC.O=C1CCC(=O)N1Br>>COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(Br)cc2)c3ccc(cc3)C(=O)OC}$ + +[0017] S3,将中间体2与芳胺化合物,在叔丁醇钠、三叔丁基膦和三亚苄基丙酮二钯的参与下,于甲苯中进行布赫瓦尔德-哈特维希偶联反应,再在氢氧化钠溶液中发生水解反应,制备目标产物含三苯胺二羧基的空穴传输材料的步骤, + +[0018] + +$\smiles{COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(Br)cc2)c3ccc(cc3)C(=O)OC.Nc1ccc2Oc3ccccc3Nc2c1>>OC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)O)c3ccc(cc3)-c4ccc(cc4)n5c6cc([R1])cc6[X]c7cc([R2])ccc57}$ + +[0019] 其中,$R_{1}, R_{2} = -H, -F, -OCH_{3}, X =$ 空、单键、氧、硫、羰基、磺酰基、碳二甲基、氨基、硅二甲基。 + +[0020] 进一步的,步骤S1中,苯胺、对溴苯甲酸甲酯、叔丁醇钠、三叔丁基膦、三二亚苄基丙酮二钯的摩尔比为$1:2\sim2.5:1.5\sim3:0.1\sim0.2:0.01\sim0.05$;偶联反应温度为$80\sim100^{\circ}C$,偶联反应时间为$8\sim12h$。 + +[0021] 进一步的,步骤S2中,中间体1和N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺的摩尔比为$1.0 \sim 1.01:1 \sim 1.5$;取代反应温度为$-5 \sim 0^{\circ}C$,取代反应时间为$4 \sim 8h$。 + +[0022] 进步的,步骤S3中,中间体2、芳胺化合物、叔丁醇钠、三叔丁基膦、三二亚苄基丙酮二钯的摩尔比为1:1.1\~1.2:1.5\~2:0.1\~0.2:0.01\~0.05;偶联反应温度为80~100℃,偶联反应时间为4~12h。 + +[0023] 第三方面,本发明提供了一种第一方面所述的含三苯胺二羧基自组装空穴传输材料的合成方法,包括: + +[0024] (a)将中间体2和联硼酸频那醇酯在醋酸钾和甲苯的混合溶液中,通过二(三苯基膦)二氯化钯($Pd(PPh_3)_2Cl_2$)催化偶联反应,制备中间体3的步骤, + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00039.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00039.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..de9e47b661eb4fafdd42867840104f9a26e4401b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00039.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ + +[0025] + +$\smiles{COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(Br)cc2)c3ccc(cc3)C(=O)OC.CC1(C)OB(B2OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O2)OC1(C)C>>COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)B3OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O3)c3ccc(cc3)C(=O)OC}$ + +[0026] (b) 将中间体3和溴代芳烃,并与碳酸钾和二(三苯基膦)二氯化钯在甲苯/乙醇/水的混合溶液中进行布赫瓦尔德-哈特维希偶联反应,并在盐酸体系中发生水解反应,制备目标产物含三苯胺二羧基的空穴传输材料的步骤, + +[0027] + +$\smiles{COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)B3OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O3)c3ccc(cc3)C(=O)OC.Brc1ccc2[X]c3cc([R2])ccc3Nc2cc1[R1]>>OC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)N(c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)O)c3ccc(cc3)-c4ccc(cc4)n5c6cc([R1])cc6[X]c7cc([R2])ccc57}$ + +[0028] 其中,$R_{1}, R_{2} = -H, -F, -OCH_{3}, X =$ 空、单键、氧、硫、羰基、磺酰基、碳二甲基、氨基、硅二甲基。 + +[0029] 进一步的,步骤(a)中,中间体2、联硼酸频那醇酯、醋酸钾和(二(三苯基膦)二氯化钯的摩尔比为1:1.2~2:2~3:0.01~0.05;偶联反应温度为80~120℃,偶联反应时间为6~12h。 + +[0030] 进一步的,步骤(b)中,中间体3、溴代芳烃、碳酸钾和二(三苯基膦)二氯化钯的摩尔比为$1:1.1\sim1.2:1.5\sim3:0.1\sim0.05$;偶联反应温度为$80\sim100^\circ C$,偶联反应时间为$4\sim12$h。 + +[0031] 第四方面,本发明提供了一种光电器件,其包含第一方面所述的含三苯胺二羧基自组装空穴传输材料制备的空穴传输层。 + +[0032] 进一步的,所述的光电器件为钙钛矿电池,其至少包括依次设置的透明导电氧化物衬底、空穴传输层、光吸收层、电子传输层和电极层。 + +[0033] 进一步的,所述的光电器件为钙钛矿发光二极管,其至少包括依次设置的透明导电氧化物衬底、空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层和电极层。 + +[0034] 进一步的,所述的空穴传输层通过将所述的含三苯胺二羧基自组装空穴传输材料溶解于醇类溶剂中制成浓度为1~10mg/mL的溶液,再涂覆在透明导电氧化物衬底上得到。 +[0035] 与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于: + +[0036] (1) 三苯胺羧基的引入,能够钝化界面的结构缺陷,延长活性层中的载流子寿命,提升光电器件的开路电压和填充因子。 + +[0037] (2) 三苯胺羧基的引入,能够调节材料的前线轨道能级,使其与活性层材料能级更加匹配,提高界面载流子注入与提取效率,提升器件功率转换效率和稳定性。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00040.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00040.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6a3ce1504d3315ff229fda05d80c4098653af6e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00040.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ + +## 附图说明 + +[003B] 图1为本发明的光电器件结构示意图; + +[0039] 图2为采用本发明提供的化合物1~4作为空穴传输材料制备的钙钛矿电池的J/V曲线图; + +[0040] 图3为采用本发明提供的化合物5~8作为空穴传输材料制备的钙钛矿电池的J/V曲线图; + +[0041] 图4为采用本发明提供的化合物9~11作为空穴传输材料制备的钙钛矿电池的J/V曲线图; + +[0042] 图5为采用本发明提供的化合物12~15作为空穴传输材料制备的钙钛矿电池的J/V曲线图; + +[0043] 图6为采用本发明提供的化合物16~19作为空穴传输材料制备的钙钛矿电池的J/V曲线图; + +[0044] 图7为采用本发明提供的化合物20~22作为空穴传输材料制备的钙钛矿电池的J/V曲线图; + +[0045] 图8为采用本发明提供的化合物1~4作为空穴传输材料制备的钙钛矿发光二极管的外量子效率随电流密度变化图; + +[0046] 图9为采用本发明提供的化合物5~8作为空穴传输材料制备的钙钛矿发光二极管的外量子效率随电流密度变化图; + +[0047] 图10为采用本发明提供的化合物9~11作为空穴传输材料制备的钙钛矿发光二极管的外量子效率随电流密度变化图; + +[0048] 图11为采用本发明提供的化合物12~15作为空穴传输材料制备的钙钛矿发光二极管的外量子效率随电流密度变化图; + +[0049] 图12为采用本发明提供的化合物16~19作为空穴传输材料制备的钙钛矿发光二极管的外量子效率随电流密度变化图; + +[0050] 图13为采用本发明提供的化合物20~22作为空穴传输材料制备的钙钛矿发光二极管的外量子效率随电流密度变化图。 + +## 具体实施方式 + +[0051] 为更进一步阐述本发明为实现预定发明目的所采取的技术手段及功效,以下结合附图及较佳实施例,对依据本发明的具体实施方式、结构、特征及其功效进行详细说明。 + +[0052] 除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同;本文所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。 + +[0053] 实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。 + +[0054] 本发明以三苯胺二羰基为锚定基团,通过自组装单分子层策略,在分子结构中引入桥连单元和空穴传输单元,从而得到含三苯胺二羰基的空穴传输材料,可以解决现有技术中具有锚定基团的有机小分子面临着稳定性差以及器件性能不佳等技术问题。本发明所述空穴传输材料中三苯胺二羰基的引入,能够提升光电器件的效率,延长其使用寿命,包括 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00041.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00041.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fed45c4294d1d536bd95bfac2284221258441937 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00041.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +(19) 国家知识产权局 + + + +## (12) 发明专利申请 + + + +(10) 申请公布号 CN 119321372 A + +(43) 申请公布日 2025.01.17 + +(21) 申请号 202411344336.X + +(22) 申请日 2024.09.25 + +(71) 申请人 潍柴动力股份有限公司 + +地址 261061 山东省潍坊市高新技术产业开发区福寿东街197号甲 + +(72) 发明人 梁帅帅 代子阳 + +(74) 专利代理机构 北京辰权知识产权代理有限公司 11619 + +专利代理师 郎志涛 + +(51) Int. Cl. + +F02D 41/02 (2006.01) + +F02D 41/08 (2006.01) + +权利要求书2页 说明书9页 附图3页 + +## (54) 发明名称 + +行车再生控制方法、装置、车辆及计算机存储介质 + + + +## (57) 摘要 + +本发明公开了一种行车再生控制方法、行车再生控制器装置、计算机设备及存储介质,其中行车再生控制方法包括:当发动机进入行车再生模式时,根据颗粒捕捉器内碳载量累计第一时间和第二时间,其中,所述第一时间为计时总时,所述第二时间为所述第一时间内颗粒捕捉器温度低于预设温度的时间,所述预设温度小于所述颗粒捕捉器再生温度;计算所述第二时间与所述第一时间之比以得到低温再生占比;根据所述低温再生占比确定再生车速和再生退出碳载量,其中,所述再生怠速和所述再生退出碳载量均与所述低温再生占比呈正相关。本发明的行车再生控制方法,能够在DOC过程中使温度难以维持较高的水平时退出行车再生,从而减少整车油耗。 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00042.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00042.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..80f4ff165994ae58f20e5d3011b70d3efb697d9e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00042.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +[0087] 在一些实施例中,行车再生控制装置100还包括第二复位模块,第二复位模块用于当所述发动机退出所述行车再生模式,获取所述再生退出碳载量和标定再生退出碳载量;获取第二数值,其中所述第二数值为所述再生退出碳载量和所述标定再生退出碳载量中较小的一者的数值;将所述再生退出碳载量复位为所述第二数值。 + +[0088] 本领域技术人员可以理解,图7中示出的结构,仅仅是与本申请方案相关的部分结构的框图,并不构成对本申请方案所应用于其上的行车再生控制装置100的限定,具体的行车再生控制装置100可以包括比图中所示更多或更少的部件,或者组合某些部件,或者具有不同的部件布置。 + +[0089] 本发明实施例的车辆,包括存储器和处理器,存储器存储有计算机程序,处理器执行计算机程序时实现如上实施例的行车再生控制方法的步骤。 + +[0090] 进一步地,车辆包括计算机设备,计算机设备包括处理器、存储器、输入/输出接口(Input/Output,简称I/O)和通信接口.其中,处理器、存储器和输入/输出接口通过系统总线连接,通信接口通过输入/输出接口连接到系统总线.其中,该计算机设备的处理器用于提供计算和控制能力,该计算机设备的存储器包括非易失性存储介质和内存储器,该非易失性存储介质存储有操作系统、计算机程序和数据库,该内存储器为非易失性存储介质中的操作系统和计算机程序的运行提供环境.该计算机设备的输入/输出接口用于处理器与外部设备之间交换信息.该计算机设备的通信接口用于与外部的终端通过网络连接通信.该计算机程序被处理器执行时以实现上述行车再生方法. + +[0091] 本发明的实施例的计算机存储介质,其特征在于,计算机存储介质上存储有计算机可读指令,计算机可读指令被一个或多个处理器读取时,使得一个或多个处理器执行如上实施例的行车再生控制方法的步骤。 + +[0092] 在流程图中表示在此以其他方式描述的逻辑和/或步骤,例如,可以被认为是为了实现逻辑功能的可执行指令的定序列表,可以具体实现在任何计算机可读存储介质中,以供执行执行系统、装置或设备(如基于计算机的系统、包括处理器的系统或其他可以从中指令执行系统、装置或设备取指令并执行指令的系统)使用,或结合这些指令执行系统、装置或设备而使用。就本说明书而言,“计算机可读存储介质”可以是任何可以包含、存储、通信、传播或传输程序以供指令执行系统、装置或设备或给于这些指令执行系统、装置或设备而使用的装置。计算机可读存储介质的更具体的示例(非穷尽性列表)包括以下:具有一个或多个孔的电连接部(电子装置),便携式计算机盘盒(磁装置),随机存取存储器(RAM,Random Access Memory),只读存储器(ROM,Read-Only Memory),可擦除可编辑只读存储器(EPROM,Erassable Programmable Read-Only Memory,或闪速存储器),光纤装置,以及便携式光盘只读存储器(CDROM,Compact Disc Read-Only Memory)。另外,计算机可读存储介质甚至可以是可在其上打印程序的纸或其他合适的介质,因为可以例如通过对纸或其他介质进行光学扫描,接着进行编辑、解译或必要时以其他合适方式进行处理来以电子方式获得所述程序,然后将其存储在计算机存储器中。 + +[0093] 应当理解,本发明的各部分可以用硬件、软件、固件或它们的组合来实现。在上述实施方式中,多个步骤或方法可以用存储在存储器中且由合适的指令执行系统执行的软件或固件来实现。例如,如果用硬件来实现,和在另一实施方式中一样,可用本领域公知的下列技术中的任一项或他们的组合来实现:具有用于对数据信号实现逻辑功能的逻辑门电路 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00043.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00043.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..68edf6e274ff694c4edd6754d7ca484bf0895c48 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00043.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ + + +图1 + + + +图2 + + + +图3 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00044.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00044.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f19e2771f0c4c91857a8623a12da078bcc45cec8 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00044.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ + + +图4 + + + +图5 + + + +图6 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00045.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00045.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..76d6287f4b19f3a5cf18e773571d1dbae1e76be2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00045.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +## 行车再生控制方法、装置、车辆及计算机存储介质 + +## 技术领域 + +[0001] 本发明涉及发动机技术领域,尤其涉及一种行车再生控制方法、行车再生控制装置、车辆及计算机存储介质。 + +## 背景技术 + +[0002]本部分提供的仅仅是与本公开相关的背景信息,其并不必然是现有技术。 + +[0003] 在车辆进行行车再生时,如果频繁松踩油门会导致DOC过程中的温度难以维持较高的水平,从而导致行车再生过程所需的标定温度难以被满足,进而导致行车再生难以退出,从而导致行车再生过程持续较长时间,进而导致整车油耗增加。 + +## 发明内容 + +[0004] 本发明的目的是至少解决行车再生难以退出从而导致整车油耗增加的问题。该目的是通过以下技术方案实现的: + +[0005] 本发明的第一方面提出了一种行车再生控制方法,包括:当发动机进入行车再生模式,根据颗粒捕提器内碳载量累计第一时间和第二时间,其中,所述第一时间为计时总时间,所述第二时间为所述第一时间内颗粒捕提器温度低于预设温度的时间,所述预设温度小于所述颗粒捕提器再生温度;计算所述第二时间和所述第一时间之比以得到低温再生占比;根据所述低温再生占比确定再生怠速和再生退出碳载量,其中,所述再生怠速和所述再生退出碳载量均与所述低温再生占比呈正相关. + +[0006] 根据本发明的汽车再生控制方法,当发动机进入行车再生模式,对第一时间和第二时间进行累计,并通过第一时间和第二时间计算能够反映当前行车再生效果的低温再生占比,通过低温再生占比确定行车再生模式的再生怠速和再生退出碳载量,当行车再生过程所需求的标定温度难以被满足时,低温再生占比较高,较高的再生怠速能够提高DOC的温度,从而有助于行车再生的进行,以便DPF内的碳载量能够尽快达到再生退出碳载量,使得发动机能够尽快退出行车再生模式,较高的再生退出碳载量能够使得发动机尽快退出行车再生模式,从而避免发动机持续处于行车再生模式导致整车油耗增加。 + +[0007] 在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述当发动机进入行车再生模式,根据颗粒捕捉器内碳载量获取第一时间和第二时间,包括:当发动机进入行车再生模式,开始累计所述第一时间和所述第二时间;当碳载量低于预设值时,停止累计所述第一时间和所述第二时间,其中,所述预设值大于标定再生退出碳载量。 + +[0008] 在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述当发动机进入行车再生模式,开始累计所述第一时间和所述第二时间,包括:当发动机进入行车再生模式,判断所述是否存在后处理相关故障;当不存在所述后处理相关故障,开始累计所述第一时间和所述第二时间。 + +[0009]在本发明的一些实施方式中,在计算所述第二时间和所述第一时间之比以得到低温再生占比之后,且在所述根据所述低温再生占比确定再生怠速和再生退出碳载量之前,所述行车再生控制方法还包括:获取环境温度;根据所述环境温度获取温度修正系数;通过 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00046.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00046.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a7d34efb592d32f31217e5ff7e82911cdcf38b5e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00046.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +所述温度修正系数修正所述低温再生占比。 + +[0010] 在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述根据所述低温再生占比确定再生怠速和再生退出碳载量,包括:调取再生怠速数组,获取所述再生怠速数组中与所述低温再生占比对应的所述再生怠速;调取再生退出碳载量数组,获取所述再生退出碳载量数组中与所述低温再生占比对应的所述再生退出碳载量。 + +[0011] 在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述行车再生控制方法还包括:当所述发动机退出所述行车再生模式,获取所述再生怠速数组中的第一数值,将所述再生怠速复位为所述第一数值,其中,所述第一数值为所述再生怠速数组中的最小值。 + +[0012] 在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述行车再生控制方法还包括:当所述发动机退出所述行车再生模式,获取所述再生退出碳载量和标定再生退出碳载量;获取第二数值,其中所述第二数值为所述再生退出碳载量和所述标定再生退出碳载量中较小的一者的数值;将所述再生退出碳载量复位为所述第二数值。 + +[0013] 本发明的第一方面提出了一种行车再生控制装置,包括:累计模块、计时模块和确定模块。累计模块用于当发动机进入行车再生模式,根据颗粒捕提器内碳载量累计第一时间和第二时间,其中,所述第一时间为计时总时间,所述第二时间为所述第一时间内颗粒捕提器温度低于预设温度的时间,所述预设温度小于所述颗粒捕提器再生温度;计算模块用于根据所述第一时间和所述第二时间计算低温再生占比;确定模块用于根据所述低温再生占比确定再生怠速和再生退出碳载量,其中,所述再生怠速和所述再生退出碳载量均与所述低温再生占比呈正相关。 + +[0014] 本发明的第三方面提出了一种车辆,包括存储器和处理器,所述存储器存储有计算机程序,所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现如上第一方面所述的行车再生控制方法的步骤。 + +[0015] 本发明的第四方面提出了一种计算机存储介质,其特征在于,计算机存储介质上存储有计算机可读指令,所述计算机可读指令被一个或多个处理器读取时,使得一个或多个处理器执行如上第一方面所述的行车再生控制方法的步骤。 + +## 附图说明 + +[0016] 通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述,各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的,而并不认为是对本发明的限制。而且在整个附图中,用相同的附图标记表示相同的部件。在附图中; + +[0017] 图1为本发明实施例的行车再生控制方法的流程图; + +[0018] 图2为图1中步骤S100的流程图; + +[0019] 图3为图2中步骤S110的流程图; + +[0020] 图4为本发明实施例的行车再生控制方法的另一些步骤的流程图; + +[0021] 图5为本发明实施例的行车再生控制方法的再一些步骤的流程图; + +[0022] 图6为本发明实施例的行车再生控制方法的又一些步骤的流程图; + +[0023] 图7为本发明实施例的行车再生控制装置的示意图。 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00047.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00047.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..270a4e8c97c38ae56f83566febd9ca52c15d960f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00047.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +## 具体实施方式 + +[0024] 下面将参照附图更详细地描述本公开的示例性实施方式。虽然附图中显示了本公开的示例性实施方式,然而应当理解,可以以各种形式实现本公开而不应被这里阐述的实施方式所限制。相反,提供这些实施方式是为了能够更透彻地理解本公开,并且能够将本公开的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。 + +[0025] 应理解的是,文中使用的术语仅用于描述特定示例实施方式的目的,而无意于进行限制。除非下文又另外明确地指出,否则文中使用的单数形式“一”、“一个”以及“所述”也可以表示包括复数形式。术语“包括”、“包含”以及“含有”是包含性的,并且因此指明所陈述的特征、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件的存在,但并不排除存在或者添加一个或多个其它特征、步骤、操作、元件、部件、和/或它们的组合。文中描述的方法步骤、过程,以及操作不解释为必须要求它们以所描述或说明的特定顺序执行,除非明确指出执行顺序。还应当理解,可以使用另外或者替代的步骤。 + +[0026] 尽管可以在文中使用术语第一、第二、第三等来描述多个元件、部件、区域、层和/或部段,但是,这些元件、部件、区域、层和/或部段不应被这些术语所限制。这些术语可以仅用来将一个元件、部件、区域、层或部段与另一区域、层或部段区分开。除非上下文明确地指出,否则诸如“第一”、“第二”之类的术语以及其它数字术语在文中使用时不暗示顺序或者次序。因此,以下讨论的第一元件、部件、区域、层或部段在不脱离示例实施方式的教导的情况下可以被称作第二元件、部件、区域、层或部段。 + +[0027] 为了便于描述,可以在文中使用空间相对关系术语来描述如图1中示出的一个元件或者特征相对于另一元件或者特征的关系,这些相对关系术语例如为“内部”、“外部”、“内侧”、“外侧”、“下面”、“下方”、“上面”、“上方”等。这种空间相对关系术语意于包括除图中描绘的方位之外的在使用或者操作中装置的不同方位。例如,如果在图中的装置翻转,那么描述为“在其它元件或者特征下方”或者“在其它元件或者特征下”的元件将随后定向为“在其它元件或者特征上面”或者“在其它元件或者特征上方”。因此,示例术语“在……下方”可以包括在上和在下的方位。装置可以另外定向(旋转90度或者在其它方向)并且文中使用的空间相对关系描述符相应地进行解释。 + +[002B] 首先,对相关名词进行简单介绍: + +[0029] DOC: 柴油机排气后处理的氧化催化技术 (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst), 用于氧化HC (总烃类化合物) 和CO (一氧化碳) 等污染物。 + +[0030] DPF: 柴油机颗粒捕集器 (Diesel Particulate Filter),用于捕捉柴油机排气中颗粒物。 + +[0031] 行车再生:车辆行驶过程中,当DPF中积碳的含量达到一定值时,通过DOC燃烧提高DPF温度,清除DPF内累计的积碳,通过行车再生能够减少尾气中颗粒物的排放。 + +[0032] 碳载量:每升DPF体积内积碳的重量,单位是g/L,碳载量是衡量DPF内积碳多少的物理量,当碳载量高于一定值会触发行车再生,碳载量低于一定值会退出行车再生,其中,行车再生退出时的碳载量为再生退出碳载量。 + +[0033] 怠速(Idle Speed)是指内燃机在无负载的情况下,即离合器未接合、变速器处于空挡位置时,保持发动机稳定运转的最低转速。怠速是发动机正常运行的重要参数,能够影响到发动机的性能、燃油效率和排放水平。 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00048.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00048.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c2ab40b0b79d7b6548cec46b43cf91646a70203e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00048.md @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +(19) 国家知识产权局 + + + +## (12) 发明专利申请 + + + +(10) 申请公布号 CN 119323577 A + +(43) 申请公布日 2025.01.17 + +(21) 申请号 202411345431.1 + +(22) 申请日 2024.09.25 + +(71) 申请人 昆山杜克大学 + +地址 215316 江苏省苏州市昆山市杜克大道8号 + +(72) 发明人 罗冰 周若骏 张雷 + +(74) 专利代理机构 深圳市深佳知识产权代理事务所(普通合伙)44285 + +专利代理师 林志鹏 + +(51) Int. Cl. + +G06T 7/10(2017.01) + +G06N 3/0455(2023.01) + +G06N 3/0464(2023.01) + +G06M 3/098 (2023.01) + +G06F 21/62(2013.01) + +权利要求书2页 说明书9页 附图4页 + +## (54) 发明名称 + +基于联邦学习的MRI图像分割模型训练方法及相关装置 + + + +## (57) 摘要 + +本申请实施例公开了一种基于联邦学习的MRI图像分割模型训练方法及相关装置,各客户端对初始分割模型进行训练得到模型参数差值,服务器根据每个客户端的聚合权重对多个客户端发送的模型参数差值进行聚合,得到聚合梯度,根据聚合梯度更新初始分割模型得到中间态分割模型,将中间态分割模型作为初始分割模型并再次进行多次迭代,将最后一次迭代得到的中间态分割模型作为目标分割模型。采用了联邦学习多模态分割框架,各客户端使用本地多模态MRI图像训练分割模型,不泄漏本地数据,保护本地数据隐私,与中心服务器交互得到全局模型,全局模型对脑本地模型具有更强的泛化能力,从技术上可获取数据孤岛现象。 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00049.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00049.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a2f32bff1e79a29f89b8d25a86ba2235c5846e16 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00049.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +练的MRI图像训练集占MRI图像总数据集的比例,该训练数据集比例从预设的分布序列中进行随机采样得到,进而可根据该训练数据集比例获取本地的多模态MRI图像训练集,并基于本地的多模态MRI图像训练集对初始分割模型进行训练。 + +[0071] 具体的,客户端可将数据集进行划分,并搭建联邦学习训练场景。例如,假设有N个医疗机构,$X_{k}$ 表示其中第k个机构的数据集,$W_{k}$ 代表$X_{k}$占总数据集的比例(即上述的训练数据集比例),并设定N个医疗机构对应的客户端的多个训练数据集比例的向量$\mathbf{W} = \left\{ \left( W_{1}, W_{2}, \ldots, W_{N} \right) \mid W_{I} > 0, \text{for } I = 1, 2, \ldots, \sum_{I=1}^{N} W_{I} = 1 \right\}$,W是从 + +Dirichlet分布中随机采样的一组向量,即$W\sim\mathrm{Dir}(W|d)$。为了让每个机构分到的数据集不过低,本实施例可将$\alpha$设置为大于或等于1的数值,例如设置为2。 + +[0072] 以第K个客户端(医疗机构)为例,从中心服务器接收到全局模型$\Theta^{t}$作为本地模型$\theta_{K}$,每个客户端将模型参数差值传输到中心服务器$\Delta_{K}=\theta_{K}^{\prime}-\theta_{K}$,其中$\theta_{K}^{\prime}$是经过本地模型训练后更新的模型参数。 + +[0073] 如图5示出客户端基于多模态MRI图像训练集对初始分割模型进行训练的一种场景,如图所示,该初始分割模型可由U-NET网络以及transformer,网络组成,在模型训练过程中,多模态MRI脑肿瘤图像作为模型输入,输入的图像经过U-NET网络编码器的多层卷积神经网络提取5个层次的特征,其中最高层次的特征被用于解码器进行上采样;利用transformer分别对其他4个层次的特征进行融合,并依次与四个阶段的上采样的特征矩阵连接,最后经过两个卷积操作和一个argmax函数得到分割掩码,并将预测分割掩码与多模态MRI图像训练集的groundtruth标签构建损失函数,例如该损失函数可定义为: + +[0074] + +$L = -\frac{2\sum_{x\in\Omega}F(x)\cdot Y(x)}{\sum_{x\in\Omega}F(x)^2 + \sum_{x\in\Omega}Y(x)^2} - \sum_{x\in\Omega}Y(x)\log\left(F(x) + (1-Y(x))\log(1-F(x))\right] / \sum_{x\in\Omega}1;$ + +[0075] 其中,$F(x)$ 为模型输出,$Y(x)$ 是 groundtruth 标签,$\Omega$ 表示图像像素区域,即指代 MRI 图像的每一个像素。 + +[0076] 当然,上述模型训练过程仅仅是一个示例,实际上客户端还可基于其他深度学习算法训练初始分割模型,并且初始分割模型也可以是其他图像分割网络模型结构,并不限于上述的模型结构,具体此处不作限定。 + +[0077] 基于图3所示实施例,其中一种优选的实施方式中,确定更新模型参数与初始分割模型的初始模型参数之间的模型参数差值,其具体方式可以是,根据预设的学习率以及损失函数对初始分割模型的初始模型参数进行梯度下降,得到梯度下降参数,并根据预设的先验上界对梯度下降参数进行梯度裁剪,得到梯度裁剪参数,计算梯度裁剪参数与初始模型参数之间的差值,得到模型参数差值。 + +[0078] 例如,根据预设的学习率以及损失函数对初始分割模型的初始模型参数进行梯度下降,得到梯度下降参数,其方式可表示如下: + +[0079] $\theta_{K}^{'} = \theta_{K} - \eta \nabla L(\theta_{K});$ + +[0080] 其中,$\theta_{k}^{\prime}$ 为经过梯度下降后的参数,$\theta_{k}$ 为初始分割模型的初始模型参数,$\eta \eta$ 为预先设置的学习率,$\nabla$ 为梯度(导数),L 为损失函数。 + +[0081] 在确定梯度下降参数之后,可进一步根据预设的先验上界对该梯度下降参数进行 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00050.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00050.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..86b9aa99a14cb6211ae5aee503016fc76a6cffbd --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00050.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + + +图2 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00051.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00051.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..48a551256097c833b96d1924b3e83f1060b36f94 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00051.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + + +图3 + + + +图4 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00052.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00052.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7dceb84fd0d523ea8da7b53ae3216a733f642bcf --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00052.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + + +图5 + + + +图6 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00053.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00053.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..19d63cc5435dd0de5cea03a1f1eccbe0d735dce7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00053.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +[0048] 基于上述实施例及其多种优选的实施方式,在根据每个客户端的聚合权重对多个客户端发送的模型参数差值进行聚合时,具体可获取预设的聚合概率,以及获取多个客户端的聚合权重之和,该聚合概率用于表示客户端获得的模型参数差值被发送至服务器的概率,并且,可根据该聚合概率、多个客户端的聚合权重之和以及多个客户端的聚合权重,对多个客户端发送的模型参数差值进行聚合。 + +[0049] 其中,在根据聚合概率、多个客户端的聚合权重之和以及多个客户端的聚合权重对多个客户端发送的模型参数差值进行聚合时,具体可对每个客户端计算该客户端发送的模型参数差值与该客户端的聚合权重之间的乘积,并对多个客户端的该乘积进行求和。之后,再计算求和得到的和值与聚合概率和聚合权重之和的比值,得到该聚合梯度。 + +[0050] 例如,服务器可接收各客户端发送的模型训练结果,即模型参数差值,并对多个客户端发送的模型参数差值进行聚合、裁剪以及添加噪声等操作来更新本地的全局初始分割模型以融合多个客户端的模型训练获得的不同知识。可预先设定梯度裁剪边界C、噪声参数σ、第K个客户端使用的训练样本数$n_k$、每个用户使用的样本数量上限$\hat{W}$。 + +[0051] 其中,第k个客户端使用的训练样本数$n_k$可根据多个客户端的训练数据集比例确定,该训练数据集比例也就是客户端用于模型训练的MRI图像数据集占MRI图像总数据集的比例,即计算MRI图像总数据集的数据量与该比例的乘积即可得到各客户端使用的训练样本数.其中,该训练数据集比例可从预设分布序列中随机采样得到.例如,为了模拟真实情况,而狄利克雷分布接近现实分布,因而可使用狄利克雷分布进行随机采样以确定各客户端的训练数据集比例. + +[0052] 梯度裁剪边界C可以是人为规定的超参数。每个用户使用的样本数量上限,是指当每个客户端只能使用每个病人一定数量的MRI图像进行本地模型训练时,该一定数量就是每个用户使用的样本数量上限。 + +[0053] 在获得上述参数之后,可随机初始化初始分割模型的模型参数得到全局初始分割模型 $\Theta^{t}$。并且,定义第 K 个客户端的聚合权重 $w_{K} = \min \left( \frac{n_{K}}{\omega}, 1 \right)$,并定义多个客户端的聚合权重之和 $W = \sum_{k} w_{K}$。 + +[0054] 在初始化模型参数得到全局初始分割模型 $\Theta^{t}$ 之后,可将本地的全局初始分割模型传输到各客户端上,客户端从中心服务器接收全局模型 $\Theta^{t}$ 作为本地模型 $\Theta_{K}$ ($\Theta_{K}$ 指代客户端的本地初始分割模型的模型参数)。每个客户端进行模型训练获得模型的更新模型参数 $\Theta_{K}^{\prime}$ ($\Theta_{K}^{\prime}$ 指代初始分割模型训练后更新的模型参数),并计算模型参数差值 $\Delta_{K} = \Theta_{K}^{\prime} - \Theta_{K}$,并传输到中心服务器,从而服务器获得多个客户端发送的模型参数差值 $\Delta_{K}$。 + +[0055] 在收集到多个客户端的本地训练结果,即模型参数差值 $\Delta_{k}$ 之后,可对多个客户端发送的模型参数差值进行聚合,即聚合得到初始聚合梯度 $\Delta^{t}$ 的计算可表示如下: + +[0056] $\Delta^{t} = \frac{\sum_{k \in c^{t}} w_{k} \Delta_{K}}{qW};$ + +[0057] 其中,$c^{t}$ 指代全体客户端;q 指代客户端的聚合概率,即客户端的本地训练结果(即模型参数差值 $\Delta_{k}$)会有百分之 q 的概率被选中传输到中心服务器进行聚合,以进一步保护客户端的数据隐私。 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00054.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00054.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..84908dc71ef5acb340554d6729c662cbbfb13c29 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00054.md @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +(19) 国家知识产权局 + + + +## (12) 发明专利申请 + + + +(10) 申请公布号 CN 119322588 A + +(43) 申请公布日 2025.01.17 + +(21) 申请号 202411345449.1 + +(22) 申请日 2024.09.25 + +(71) 申请人 苏州元脑智能科技有限公司 + +地址 215000 江苏省苏州市吴中经济开发 + +区郭巷街道官浦路1号9幢 + +(72) 发明人 王明磊 + +(74) 专利代理机构 北京润泽恒知识产权代理有 + +限公司 11319 + +专利代理师 姜影 + +(51) Int. Cl. + +G06F 3/06 (2006.01) + +G06F 13/16(2006.01) + +G06F 13/40 (2006.01) + +权利要求书2页 说明书12页 附图2页 + +## (54) 发明名称 + +一种硬盘管理系统、方法、电子设备及存储介质 + + + +## (57) 摘要 + +本公开提供了一种硬盘管理系统,方法,电子设备及存储介质,涉及硬盘管理领域,所述系统包括:CPU,用于向12CSWITCH芯片发送VPP信号;至少一个12CSWITCH芯片,用于接收CPU输出的VPP信号,并将VPP信号按照不同的PCIe端口,分别分配为多个分信号通道通过各自对应的12CSWITCH通道进行传输;解析模块,与12CSWITCH芯片通过多个12CSWITCH通道进行连接,用于接收来自12CSWITCH芯片的分信号通道,以及,根据分信号从多个NVME硬盘中确定出目标硬盘,并向目标硬盘发送对应的管理指令,本公开有效地展了可用的VPP地址数量,满足日益增长的NVME硬盘管理需求。 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00055.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00055.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d867a72eed5275ed2f624b16385a00c7671dedaf --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00055.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +模块资源的占用,降低了设计复杂度。在本公开合并方案中,解析模块不再需要为每个NVMe硬盘分配不同的VPP地址进行解析,而是可以通过MC10传输的统一VPP信号进行管理,资源占用大幅减少,提升了解析效率。 + +[0053] 总体而言,本公开通过将VPP信号与高速数据传输信号线合并,优化了现有的VPP管理方案,显著提升了系统的设计简洁性、性能和扩展性。 + +[0054] 示例性地,所述系统还包括上行设备,所述上行设备通过复用所述I2CSWITCH通道,与所述解析模块进行连接;所述上行设备用于向所述解析模块发送I2C信号,所述I2C信号用于指示对NVME硬盘进行管理。 + +[0055] 在传统的VPP方案中,主板和上行设备(如Tri-mode RAID卡)各自通过独立的通道与解析模块(如CPLD)进行连接和通信。每个上行设备都会发送各自的管理信号(VPP信号或I2C信号)用于管理NVMe硬盘。与两种上行设备的信号来源不同,背板的解析模块,例如复杂可编程逻辑器件CPLD,需要针对每个设备分配不同的资源,如GPIO管脚和信号通道。CPLD需要分别处理主板和RAID卡的信号,占用了更多的GPIO和逻辑资源。两种上行设备的信号不一致,导致CPLD解析逻辑复杂,增加了CPLD物料选型成本。 + +[0056] 图3是本公开一个实施例提供的一种不同VPP上行信号复用情况下的硬盘管理系统拓扑示意图,如图3所示,本公开基于I2CSWITCH技术,将不同的上行设备(如主板和Tri-modeRAID卡)的信号统一起来,并通过复用相同的I2C通道与解析模块进行连接。I2CSWITCH芯片充当了一个多路选择器,用于根据不同的PCIe端口和其他上行设备,将管理信号(包括VPP信号和I2C信号)通过相应的通道传输到解析模块。I2CSWITCH能够处理来自多个不同上行设备的I2C信号或VPP信号,并选择适当的通道将这些信号发送到CPLD进行解析。主板输出的VPP信号不再通过独立的VPP线缆传输,而是与I2CSWITCH通道复用,和其他上行设备通过相同的I2CSWITCH通道传输。在图3所示的Tri-modeRAID卡中,I2C信号用于管理NVMe硬盘,在传统设计中通过不同的路径传输,而在本公开实施例中,Tri-modeRAID卡的I2C信号与主板的VPP信号可以共用相同的I2CSWITCH通道,并通过同一个路径传递给解析模块。主板的VPP信号和Tri-modeRAID卡的I2C信号可以共享相同的VPP地址。由于使用了I2CSWITCH,解析模块无需再为不同设备分配不同的地址空间,只需要对复用后的通道进行解析即可,极大简化了解析模块的解析逻辑。由于I2CSWITCH芯片能够将不同上行设备的信号进行统一管理,解析模块例如CPLD不再需要为每种设备独立分配GPU管脚或复杂的逻辑资源,只需要解析从I2CSWITCH通道发送过来的信号,执行NVMe硬盘的管理指令(如点灯、故障报告等)。 + +[0057] 示例性地,所述解析模块包括以下任意一项:复杂可编程逻辑器件CPLD、微控制器MCU以及PCA9555扩展器。 + +[058] CPLD(ComplexProgrammableLogicDevice,复杂可编程逻辑器件)是一种数字逻辑集成电路,它可以通过编程定义其逻辑行为,用于实现各种复杂的逻辑控制和信号处理任务,其硬件逻辑可以根据需求定制化设计和编程。如前所述,CPLD可以实时接收上行设备(如主板和Tri-modeRAID卡)通过I2CSWITCH传递的信号,解析其内容并对NVMe硬盘进行管理。CPLD能够通过编程实现对不同信号协议的兼容处理。由于CPLD具备高度可编程性,它可以根据不同的硬件需求,动态配置内部的逻辑资源,以应对不同的信号类型(如WPP信号和I2C信号)。并且CPLD具有并行处理能力,能够同时管理多个NVMe硬盘的状态,包括硬盘的故 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00056.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00056.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d48795621b62df40171c004f6af09ab9bb24fd72 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00056.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + + +图1 + + + +图2 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00057.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00057.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..48a551256097c833b96d1924b3e83f1060b36f94 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00057.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + + +图3 + + + +图4 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00058.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00058.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7c34827b9391f3d3bef65317da4a5091521bb293 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00058.md @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +(19) 国家知识产权局 + + + +## (12) 发明专利申请 + + + +(10) 申请公布号 CN 119324471 A + +(43) 申请公布日 2025.01.17 + +(21) 申请号 202411346490.0 + +G06Q 50/06 (2024.01) + +(22) 申请日 2024.09.26 + +(71) 申请人 南京工程学院 + +地址 211167 江苏省南京市江宁科学园弘景大道1号 + +(72) 发明人 马浩 童莹 韩哲哲 刘秉亨 + +陈全 林嘉俊 + +(74) 专利代理机构 南京睿之博知识产权代理有限公司 32296 + +专利代理师 杨雷 + +(51) Int. Cl. + +H02J 3/14 (2006.01) + +H02J 3/00 (2006.01) + +G060 10/0631(2023.01) + +G060 30/0201(2023.01) + +权利要求书5页 说明书7页 附图3页 + +## (54) 发明名称 + +一种基于改进差分进化算法的电动汽车有序充放电控制方法 + + + +## (57) 摘要 + +本发明公开了一种基于改进非分进化算法的电动汽车有序充放电控制方法,通过蒙特卡洛方法构建电动汽车充电行为的概率模型,并通过获取电网信息与充电电动率的信息,进行需求分析和电动汽车调度可行性判别;考虑电网运行安全风险和用户信用等级,制定动态电价;以用户综合成本和电网建设成本最小化为目标,建立充放电控制模型;采用改进的差分进化算法对模型进行求解,以获得最优电价和充放电策略,从而提升电力系统的运行效率和经济性。本发明有效克服现有电价策略在灵活性和成本方面的不足,以及动态电价制定在用户信用方面的缺陷,能够有效应对电网负荷波动,促进电动汽车与电网的协调发属。 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00059.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00059.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aea1b01ce1030c5f81a5ddfd6eb2310a112ecc31 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00059.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +[0045] 制定动态电价: + +[0046] 当$P(t)\geqslant P_{thresh}$时:电价公式: + +[0047] $C(t) = \left[ C_0 + \beta \cdot (P(t) - P_{\text{thresh}})^n \right] \left( 1 - k_2 \cdot \frac{S}{S_{\text{max}}} \right)$ + +[004B] 当$P(t)< P_{thresh}$时:电价公式: + +[0049] $C(t) = C_0 \cdot \left(1 - \alpha \cdot e^{-\gamma \cdot (P_{\text{thesh}} - P(t))}\right) \left(1 - k_2 \cdot \frac{S}{S_{\text{max}}}\right)$ + +[0050] 式中:$P_{thresh}$ 为电网安全风险值;$C_0$ 为基础电价;$\beta$ 为价格增长系数;$n$ 为电价对负荷敏感度的值数;$\alpha$ 为电价减少系数,控制低负荷时电价的下降幅度;$\gamma$ 为低负荷的衰减率。$S$ 为用户当前的信用分数,$S_{max}$ 为信用分数的最大值,$k_s$ 为信用折扣系数。 + +[0051] 本发明的动态电价策略,如图2所示该策略根据电网的实时负荷情况和用户信用等级来调整电价。通过激励用户在电价较低的时段进行充电,能够有效地减少电网的峰时负荷。且不同信用等级的用户享有的电价也不相同:用户信用等级高,充电的电价相对较低,用户信用等级低,充电的电价相对较高,且电价曲线能够根据电网的波动实现灵活的追踪,使得电动汽车用户能根据电价来调整充放电行为,提升电网的安全性。 + +[0052] 本发明的充放电策略优化模型;考虑电动汽车用户的综合充电成本和电网的建设成本,其目标函数为: + +[0053] + +$\min\{C_{chg}+C_{Dis}+C_{Bloss}+C_{grid}\}$ + +[0054] 式中:$C_{chg}$ 为电动汽车的充电费用,$C_{Dis}$ 为电动汽车的放电奖励,$C_{Bloss}$ 为电动汽车在充电时的电池老化成本,$C_{grid}$ 为电网建设成本。 + +[0055] + +$$ +\left\{ +\begin{array}{l} +C_{C A \ g} = C_t^c P_t^c X_t^c T^c \\ +C_{D i s} = C_t^d P_t^d X_t^d T^d \\ +C_{B l o s s} = \frac{C_B}{2 C_{e v} D_d L_c} \\ +C_{g r i d} = m P w \frac{i(1+i)^n}{(1+i)^n - 1} (1+\varepsilon)(1+\delta) +\end{array} +\right. +$$ + +[0056] 式中:$C_{t}^{c}$ 为电动汽车在 t 时刻充电的单位电价,$P_{t}^{c}$ 为电动汽车在 t 时刻充电的实时功率;$X_{t}^{c}$ 为电动汽车在 t 时刻的充电状态;$T^{r}$ 为电动汽车放电时间;$C_{t}^{d}$ 为电动汽车在 t 时刻放电的单位电价,$P_{t}^{d}$ 为电动汽车在 t 时刻放电的实时功率,$X_{t}^{d}$ 为电动汽车在 t 时刻的放电状态,$T^{d}$ 为电动汽车放电时间,$C_{B}$ 为电动汽车电池投资成本,$C_{ev}$ 为电动汽车电池容量,$D_{d}$ 为电动汽车电池的放电深度,$L_{c}$ 为电动汽车电池的循环寿命;$P_{t}^{c}$ 为电动汽车在 t 时刻的充电功率,m 为单位发电机组对应的投资成本,$P_{w}$ 为电网通过发电机备用机组进行辅助削峰的电量;n 为已使用的年数;i 为年利率;$\frac{t(1+t)^{n}}{(1+t)^{n-1}}$ 为发电机组容量建设投资成本转换为等年值的系数;$\varepsilon$ 为建设发电机组时采取的旋转备用率;$\delta$ 为单位负荷机组建设后所需的人工维护成本与建设投资成本。 + +[0057] 构建带约束的充放电策略优化调度模型; + +[0058] 充放电策略制定阶段目标函数受制于电动汽车充放电状态约束、电动汽车荷电状 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00060.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00060.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9fac0f464be60dcca559af5bea3334d1461899fb --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00060.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +态约束和电动汽车充放电功率约束,建立约束条件: + +[0059] 电动汽车充放电状态约束: + +[0060] + +$X_{t}^{c}=\begin{cases}1,&EV充电状态\\0,&EV不在充电状态\end{cases}$ + +$X_{t}^{d}=\begin{cases}1,&EV处于放电状态\\0,&EV处于其他状态\end{cases}$ + +$X_{t}^{c}+X_{t}^{d}\leq1$ + +[0061] 电动汽车荷电状态约束: + +[0062] $SOC_{min} \leq SOC_d \leq SOC_{max}$ + +[0063] $SOC_{\min} \leqslant SOC_i \leqslant SOC_{\max}$ + +[0064] $SOC_{l} = SOC_{l} + \frac{\Delta T \sum_{t=T_{c}}^{T_{p}} \left( P_{t}^{c} X_{t}^{c} \eta_{ev}^{c} - P_{t}^{c} X_{t}^{c} \eta_{ev}^{d} \right)}{Cap_{ev}^{bat}}$ + +[0065] 式中:$\Delta T$表示充电结束时刻与充电开始时刻的时间间隔,$T_{\beta}$为放电结束时刻;$T_{\text{c}}$为充放电开始时刻;$SOC_{\text{i}}$为电动汽车在入网电网时的荷电容量,$SOC_{\text{d}}$为电动汽车在离网电网时的荷电容量;$SOC_{\text{min}}$与$SOC_{\text{max}}$分别表示电动汽车电池最小与最大的荷电状态,$\eta_{\text{ev}}^{\text{c}}$与$\eta_{\text{n}}^{\text{d}}$为电动汽车充电的效率与放电的效率,$Cap_{\text{w}}^{\text{bart}}$为电动汽车电池额定容量; + +[0066] 电动汽车充放电功率约束: + +[0067] + +$0 \leq P_{t}^{c} \leq P_{\max}^{c}$ + +$0\leq P_{t}^{d}\leq P_{m a x}^{d}$ + +[0068] 式中:$P_{\max}^c$为电动汽车最大充电功率,$P_{\max}^d$为电动汽车最大放电功率。 + +[0069] 步骤4:综合考虑电动汽车用户的综合充电成本与电网建设成本,并依据电动汽车的充放电状态、荷电状态及功率限制,构建的电动汽车充放电策略优化调度模型; + +[0070] 步骤5:利用改进的差分进化算法求解优化调度模型,得到最优动态电价及对应的有序充放电控制策略,并由智能充电桩执行。 + +[0071] 所述改进的差分进化算法的步骤包括种群初始化,聚类分析,变异操作,交叉操作,选择操作,子群间信息交流。 + +[0072] 步骤6.1:种群初始化:在n维空间中随机产生满足约束条件的M个个体; + +[0073] $x_{ij}(0) = rand_{ij}(0,1)(x_{ij}^U - x_{ij}^L) + x_{ij}^L$ + +[0074] 式中:$x_{ij}(0)$ 为第 i 个个体的第 j 个参数在 t=0 时刻的初始值;$x_{ij}^{U}$ 和 $x_{ij}^{L}$ 分别为第 j 个参数的上界和下界,$\mathrm{rand}_{ij}(0,1)$ 是 [0,1] 之间的随机数。 + +[0075] 步骤6.2:聚类分析(使用密度峰值聚类算法):对种群进行聚类分析,将种群划分为K个子群。具体步骤: + +[0076] 步骤6.2.1. 计算距离矩阵:计算种群中个体之间的欧几里得距离,构建距离矩阵D; + +[0077] $D_{ij} = ||x_i - x_j||$ diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00061.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00061.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7a5e154477cb034cde408fed358f1e8dacbc146f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00061.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + + +图1 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00062.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00062.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ab85c77fc2e160b28eb99df268414fb4d134962b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00062.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + + +图2 + + + +图3 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00063.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00063.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..af74a37c7265244bcdeff2e888066282aa6b5940 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00063.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +1. 一种基于改进差分进化算法的电动汽车有序充放电控制方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤: + +步骤1. 采用蒙特卡洛方法,建立包含充电开始时间、充电结束时间、日行驶里程及充电时长的电动汽车充电行为概率模型; + +步骤2. 通过获取电网信息与充电电动汽车的信息,智能充电桩进行需求分析和电动汽车调度可行性判别; + +步骤3:通过计算当前的电网安全风险值,并将用户划分为不同的信用等级,构建出不同用户信用评估系数,在此基础上,制定灵活的动态电价策略; + +步骤4:综合考虑电动汽车用户的综合充电成本与电网建设成本,并依据电动汽车的充放电状态、荷电状态及功率限制,构建的电动汽车充放电策略优化调度模型; + +步骤5:利用改进的差分进化算法求解优化调度模型,得到最优动态电价及对应的有序充放电控制策略,并由智能充电桩执行。 + +2. 根据权利要求要求1所述的一种基于改进差分进化算法的电动汽车有序充放电控制方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1中,电动汽车充电行为的概率分布模型,由充电开始时间模型、充电结束时间模型、日行驶里程模型和充电时长模型组成; + +所述的充电开始时间模型为: + +$$f(t_a) = \begin{cases} \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}\sigma_a} \exp\left(-\dfrac{(t_a + 24 - \mu_a)^2}{2\sigma_a^2}\right), & 0 < t_a \leq u_a - 12 \\ \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}\sigma_a} \exp\left(-\dfrac{(t_a - \mu_a)^2}{2\sigma_a^2}\right) & , u_a - 12 < t_a \leq 24 \end{cases}$$ + +式中:$t_{a}$ 表示充电开始时间;$\mu_{a}$ 表示充电开始时间 $t_{a}$ 的均值;$\sigma_{a}$ 表示充电开始时间 $t_{a}$ 的标准差;$f(t_{a})$ 表示充电开始时间 $t_{a}$ 的概率函数; + +所述的充电结束时间模型为: + +$f(t_i) = \begin{cases} \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}\sigma_i} \exp\left(-\frac{(t_i - \mu_i)^2}{2\sigma_i^2}\right) & , 0 < t_i \leq u_i + 12 \\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}\sigma_i} \exp\left(-\frac{(t_i - 24 - \mu_i)^2}{2\sigma_i^2}\right) & , u_i + 12 < t_i \leq 24 \end{cases}$ + +式中:$t_{i}$ 表示充电结束时间;$u_{i}$ 表示充电结束时间 $t_{i}$ 的均值;$\sigma_{a}$ 表示充电结束时间 $t_{i}$ 的标准差;$f(t_{i})$ 表示充电结束时间 $t_{i}$ 的概率函数; + +日行驶里程符合对数正态分布$f_{d}(x)$为: + +$f_{\mathrm{d}}(x)={\frac{1}{x\sigma{\sqrt{2\pi}}}}\exp\quad[{\frac{-(\ln x-\mu_{l})^{2}}{2\sigma_{l}^{2}}}]$ + +式中:$x$表示日行驶里程;$\mu_1$表示行驶里程的均值;$\sigma_1$表示行驶里程的标准差;$lnx$表示行驶里程的自然对数; + +结合EV用户的出行特性,计算调度EVi充电所需时长$T_{i}$: + +$T_{i} = \frac{(SOC_{d} - SOC_{i}) \times S_{e}}{P_{i} \times \eta}$ diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00064.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00064.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..789f5ecc453a78b88bae72a7950166356f82ad46 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00064.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +式中:$T_{i}$ 为第 i 辆电动汽车的充电时长;$S_{c}$ 为电动汽车的电池容量;$SOC_{d}$ 为电动汽车充电结束时电池的荷电状态;$SOC_{i}$ 为电动汽车充电开始时电池的荷电状态;$P_{i}$ 为电动汽车的充电功率;$\eta$ 为电动汽车的充电效率。 + +3. 根据权利要求1所述一种基于改进差分进化算法的电动汽车有序充放电控制方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中,通过获取电网信息与充电电动汽车的信息分别包括:预计离开时间、期望电量及可调度意愿,剩余荷电状态SOC、EV电池容量,汽车还有基础负荷信息;其所述的需求性分析: + +$\left\{ \begin{array}{l} I=1,\text{进行可行性判断} \\ I=0,\text{直接进行无序充电} \end{array} \right.$ + +式中:I=1 表示电动汽车的有调度意愿,I=0 表示电动汽车的无调度意愿; +电动汽车调度可行性判别: + +$$ +\left\{ +\begin{array}{l} +\text { if } T_{i} \leq T_{L}-T_{a} \text {, 则可进行调度 } \\ +\text { if } T_{i} \geq T_{L}-T_{a} \text {, 则不进行调度, 在离网前一直充电 } +\end{array} +\right. +$$ + +式中:$T_{i}$ 表示电动汽车充电所需时间,$T_{L}$ 表示电动汽车离网时间,$T_{a}$ 表示电动汽车入网时间。 + +4. 根据权利要求1所述一种基于改进差分进化算法的电动汽车有序充放电控制方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3中,所述的考虑电网安全风险值,以及用户信用分级,制定满足电网自身利益的电动汽车充放电价格下发指导曲线给下层电动汽车用户,在此基础上制定动态电价; + +考虑电网安全风险值为: + +$P_{\text{thresh}} = \frac{1}{T} \int_0^T P(t), dt$ + +其中$P(t)$为在时刻$t$的该地区的总功率需求;$dt$为微小的时间增量,用于累积$P(t)$在整个时间区间$[0,T]$内的总功率需求;$T$为一天的总时间; + +考虑用户信用分级为:信用度为一级,S=1;信用度中等为第二级,S=2;信用度低为第三级,S=3;其用户信用评价系数为:$\left(1-k_{2}\cdot\frac{S}{S_{\max}}\right)$; + +制定动态电价: + +当$P(t) \geq P_{\text{thresh}}$时:电价公式: + +$C(t) = [C_0 + \beta \cdot (P(t) - P_{\text{thresh}})^n] \left(1 - k_2 \cdot \frac{S}{S_{\text{max}}}\right)$ + +当$P(t) < P_{thresh}$时:电价公式: + +$C(t) = C_0 \cdot \left(1 - \alpha \cdot e^{-\gamma \cdot (P_{\text{thesh}} - P(t))}\right) \left(1 - k_2 \cdot \frac{S}{S_{\text{max}}}\right)$ + +式中:$P_{thresh}$ 为电网安全风险值;$C_0$ 为基础电价;$\beta$ 为价格增长系数;$n$ 为电价对负荷敏感度的值数;$\alpha$ 为电价减少系数,控制低负荷时电价的下降幅度;$\gamma$ 为低负荷的衰减率;$S$ 为用户当前的信用分数,$S_{max}$ 为信用分数的最大值,$k_s$ 为信用折扣系数。 + +5. 根据权利要求1所述一种基于改进差分进化算法的电动汽车有序充放电控制方法, + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00065.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00065.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d2308507b09efb04aeb6b5f0f3aaad1f05d86bfe --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00065.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +其特征在于,所述步骤3中,所述的充放电策略优化模型为; + +考虑电动汽车用户的综合充电成本和电网的建设成本,目标函数为: + +$\min\{C_{\text{chg}} + C_{\text{Dis}} + C_{\text{Bloss}} + C_{\text{grid}}\}$ + +式中:$C_{chg}$ 为电动汽车的充电费用,$C_{Dis}$ 为电动汽车的放电奖励,$C_{Bloss}$ 为电动汽车在充电时的电池老化成本,$C_{grid}$ 为电网建设成本; + +$$ +\left\{ +\begin{array}{l} +C_{\mathrm{chg}} = C_{t}^{c} P_{t}^{c} X_{t}^{c} T^{c} \\ +C_{\mathrm{Dis}} = C_{t}^{d} P_{t}^{d} X_{t}^{d} T^{d} \\ +C_{\mathrm{Bloss}} = \dfrac{C_{B}}{2 C_{\mathrm{ev}} D_{d} L_{c}} \\ +C_{\mathrm{grid}} = m P w \dfrac{j(1+j)^{n}}{(1+j)^{n}-1} (1+\varepsilon)(1+\delta) +\end{array} +\right. +$$ + +式中:$C_{t}^{c}$ 为电动汽车在 t 时刻充电的单位电价,$P_{t}^{c}$ 为电动汽车在 t 时刻充电的实时功率;$X_{t}^{c}$ 为电动汽车在 t 时刻的充电状态;$T^{c}$ 为电动汽车放电时间;$C_{t}^{d}$ 为电动汽车在 t 时刻放电的单位电价,$P_{t}^{d}$ 为电动汽车在 t 时刻放电的实时功率,$X_{t}^{d}$ 为电动汽车在 t 时刻的放电状态,$T^{d}$ 为电动汽车放电时间,$C_{B}$ 为电动汽车电池投资成本,$C_{ev}$ 为电动汽车电池容量,$D_{d}$ 为电动汽车电池的放电深度,$L_{c}$ 为电动汽车电池的循环寿命;m 为单位发电机组对应的投资成本;$P_{w}$ 为电网通过发电机备用机组进行辅助削峰的电量;n 为已使用的年数;j 为年利率;$\frac{J(1+\beta)^{n}}{(1+\beta)^{n}-1}$ 为发电机组容量建设投资成本转换为每年值的系数;$\varepsilon$ 为建设发电机组时采取的旋转备用率;$\delta$ 为单位负荷机组建设后所需的人工维护成本与建设投资成本。 + +6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种基于改进差分进化算法的电动汽车有序充放电控制方法,其特征在于,构建带约束的充放电策略优化调度模型;充放电策略制定阶段目标函数受制于电动汽车充放电状态约束、电动汽车荷电状态约束和电动汽车充放电功率约束,建立约束条件: + +电动汽车充放电状态约束: + +$X_{t}^{c}=\begin{cases}1,&EV充电状态\\0,&EV不在充电状态\end{cases}$ + +$X_{t}^{d}=\begin{cases}1,&EV处于放电状态\\0,&EV处于其他状态\end{cases}$ + +$X_{t}^{c}+X_{t}^{d}\leq1$ + +电动汽车荷电状态约束: + +$SOC_{\min} \leq SOC_d \leq SOC_{\max}$ + +$SOC_{\min}\leqslant SOC_{i}\leqslant SOC_{\max}$ + +$SOC_{l}=SOC_{i}+\frac{\Delta T\sum_{t=T_{c}}^{T_{\beta}}\left(P_{t}^{c}X_{t}^{c}\eta_{ev}^{c}-P_{t}^{c}X_{t}^{c}\eta_{ev}^{d}\right)}{Cap_{ev}^{bat}}$ + +式中:$\Delta T$ 表示充放电结束时刻与充放电开始时刻的时间间隔,$T_{p}$ 为充放电结束时刻;$T_{c}$ diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00066.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00066.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ef0dab263a18824641d957d661742dd767be62ae --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00066.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +为充电开始时刻;$SOC_{i}$为电动汽车在入网电网时的荷电容量,$SOC_{d}$为电动汽车在离开电网时的荷电容量;$SOC_{min}$与$SOC_{max}$分别表示电动汽车电池最小与最大的荷电状态,$\eta_{ev}^{c}$与$\eta_{ev}^{d}$为电动汽车充电的效率与放电的效率,$Cap^{bart}_{w}$为电动汽车电池额定容量,$SOC_{1}$表示经过一段时间充放电后电池的荷电状态; + +电动汽车充放电功率约束: + +$0 \leq P_{t}^{c} \leq P_{max}^{c}$ + +$0 \leq P_{t}^{d} \leq P_{\max}^{d}$ + +式中:$P_{max}^{c}$ 为电动汽车最大充电功率,$P_{max}^{d}$ 为电动汽车最大放电功率。 + +7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于改进差分进化算法的电动汽车有序充放电控制方法,其特征在于,所述改进的差分进化算法为: + +改进的差分进化算法的步骤包括种群初始化,聚类分析,变异操作,交叉操作,选择操作,子群间信息交流; + +步骤6.1:种群初始化:在多维空间中随机产生满足约束条件的M个个体; + +$x_{ij}(0) = rand_{ij}(0,1)(x_{ij}^U - x_{ij}^L) + x_{ij}^L$ + +式中:$x_{ij}(0)$ 为第 i 个个体的第 j 个参数在 t=0 时刻的初始值;$x_{ij}^{U}$ 和 $x_{ij}^{L}$ 分别为第 j 个参数的上界和下界,$\mathrm{rand}_{ij}(0,1)$ 是 [0,1] 之间的随机数; + +步骤6.2:聚类分析:对种群进行聚类分析,将种群划分为K个子群;具体步骤: + +步骤6.2.1:计算距离矩阵:计算种群中个体之间的欧几里得距离,构建距离矩阵$D_{ij}$; + +$D_{ij} = ||x_i - x_j||$ + +步骤6.2.2. 计算局部密度:对每个个体$x_{i}$,计算其局部密度$\rho_{i}$,通常使用k-最近邻来定义局部密度: + +$\rho_{i}=\sum_{j\in N_{i}}\exp\left(-\frac{D_{i j}^{2}}{2\sigma^{2}}\right)$ + +式中:$N_j$是个体$x_j$的$k$-最近邻集合,$\sigma$是高斯核的尺度参数; + +步骤6.2.3. 计算距离峰值: 对每个个体$x_i$, 计算其距离峰值$\delta_i$: + +$\delta_{i}=\min\{\mathrm{dist}_{ij}|\rho_{j}>\rho_{j}\}$ + +式中$dist_{ij}$表示个体$x_{i}$到$x_{j}$的距离;$\rho_{i}$为个体$x_{i}$的局部密度;$\rho_{j}$为个体$x_{j}$的局部密度; + +步骤6.2.4. 选择峰值点: 根据局部密度$\rho_i$和距离峰值$\delta_i$,选择密度峰值点,并将其作为聚类中心;$\rho_i$和$\delta_i$最大,选择$x_i$作为峰值点,且该个体也被选为聚类中心; + +步骤6.2.5.聚类:将每个个体分配到离其最近的密度峰值点所在的簇; + +步骤3:变异操作:从子种群中随机选择3个个体$x_{p1}$、$x_{p2}$和$x_{p3}$且$p_1 \ne p_2 \ne p_3$; + +$h_{ij}(t+1) = x_{p1j}(t) + F(x_{p2j}(t) - x_{p3j}(t))$ + +式中:$h_{ij}(t+1)$ 为第 $i$ 个个体的第 $j$ 个参数在变异操作后的值;$x_{p1j}(t)$ 为随机选择的第一个个体的第 $j$ 个参数在当前代的值;$x_{p2j}(t) - x_{p3j}(t)$ 为变异项;$F$ 为变异因子,$p_1、p_2、p_3$ 表示随机整数,为个体在种群中的序号; + +步骤6.4:交叉操作:为了增加种群的多样性,需要采取交叉操作产生新的个体; \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00067.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00067.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f8b47370237689bb48841b0edfa7ca8461017e19 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00067.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +$v_{ij}(t+1)=\begin{cases}h_{ij}(t+1),\text{rand}l_{ij}\leq CR\\x_{ij}(t),\text{rand}l_{ij}>CR\end{cases}$ + +式中:$v_{ij}(t+1)$为第$i$个个体的第$j$个参数在交叉操作后的候选值;$x_{ij}(t)$为第$i$个个体的第$j$个参数在当前代的值;$rand1_{ij}$为$[0,1]$之间的随机数,$CR$为交叉概率,$CR\in[0,1]$; + +步骤6.5:选择操作:要确定$x_{ij}(t)$是否能成为下一代成员,$v_{ij}(t+1)$和$x_{ij}(t)$对评价函数进行比较; + +$x_{ij}(t+1)=\begin{cases}v_{ij}(t+1),\text{if }f(v_{i1}(t+1),\ldots,v_{in}(t+1))>f(x_1(t),\ldots,x_{in}(t))\\x_{ij}(t),\text{if }f(v_{i1}(t+1),\ldots,v_{in}(t+1))\leq f(x_1(t),\ldots,x_{in}(t))\end{cases}$ + +其中,$x_{ij}(t+1)$ 为第 i 个个体的第 j 个参数在下一代的值;$f(v_{i1}(t+1), \ldots, v_{in}(t+1))$ 为第 i 个个体在新一代的适应度函数值,其中 $v_{i1}(t+1), \ldots, v_{in}(t+1)$ 是该个体所有参数的候选值; + +步骤6.6:子群间的信息交流:每隔若干代,允许子群之间进行信息交流,以促进全局搜索;具体步骤如下: + +步骤6.6.1:选择最优个体:选择每个子群$C_{k}$的最优个体$x^{\mathrm{best}}k(t)$,以及全局最优个体$x^{global}$ best(t); + +步骤6.6.2生成新个体:利用全局最优个体与其他子群的最优个体生成新的个体; + +$x_{ij}^{\text{new}}(t+1) = x^{\text{best}}k(t) + F \cdot (x^{\text{global}}best(t) - x_i^{\text{best}}(t))$ + +其中,$x_{ij}^{new}(t+1)$为第$i$个个体的第$j$个参数在信息交流后的新值;$x^{best}k(t)$为第$k$个子群在当前代的最优个体;$x_i^{best}(t)$为其他子群的最优个体;$F$为变异因子,控制着全局最优个体对新个体生成的影响程度; + +步骤6.6.3替换操作:将新生成的个体与当前个体进行比较,选择适应度较优者作为下一代成员; + +$x_{ij}(t+1)=\begin{cases}x_{ij}^{new}(t+1),\text{ if }f\left(x_{ij}^{new}(t+1)\right)>f\left(x_{ij}(t+1)\right)\\x_{ij}(t+1),\text{ otherwise}\end{cases}$ + +步骤6.7: 终止条件: 重复执行上述操作, 直到满足最大迭代次数为止; + +步骤6.8:输出结果:算法终止后,输出全局最优解$x_{best}^{global}(t)$。 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00068.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00068.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..724b925bdf6655411eaa27f9662f80b1d6544d66 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00068.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +## 一种基于改进差分进化算法的电动汽车有序充放电控制方法 + +## 技术领域 + +[0001] 本发明属于电动汽车优化调度领域,具体是一种基于改进差分进化算法的电动汽车有序充放电控制方法。 + +## 背景技术 + +[0002] 近年来,电动汽车(EV)产业的迅猛发展正在深刻影响全球能源结构和环境保护。然而,随着电动汽车数量的激增,电网负荷压力也随之增加,从而对电力系统的运行安全性和经济性提出了新的挑战。当前的电价策略和充放电控制方法在应对这些挑战时显得力不从心。传统电价策略往往缺乏足够的灵活性和适应性,而现有的充放电控制方案则未能有效应对电网负荷的剧烈波动和用户的经济效益,这使得电力系统在电动汽车普及过程中面临更大的管理难题。因此,亟需开发更加智能和动态的电价及控制策略,以实现电动汽车与电网的高效协调和优化运行。 + +[0003] 电动汽车负荷具有高度的灵活性和可调度性,但现有的分时电价策略在应对电网负荷波动时存在明显短板。由于缺乏动态调整机制,这些策略无法实时反映电网的实际运行状态,从而导致电力资源浪费和电网安全隐忧的发生。此外,现有的动态电价制定方法未能有效结合用户信用等级和电网安全需求,导致电价机制在可靠性和公平性方面存在不足。同时,传统的充放电控制方法常常忽视电网建设和运营成本的综合考虑,未能充分整合电动汽车的充放电需求与电网的整体运行,从而限制充电和放电策略的优化,未能最大限度地提升系统的经济效益和运行效率。 + +## 发明内容 + +[0004] 本发明提供了一种基于改进差分进化算法的电动汽车有序充放电控制方法,应用在动态电价制定与充放电控制策略优化方面。有效克服现有电价策略在灵活性和成本方面的不足,以及动态电价制定在用户信用方面的缺陷,能够有效应对电网负荷波动,促进电动汽车与电网的协调发展。 + +[0005] 一种基于改进差分进化算法的电动汽车有序充放电控制方法,包括以下步骤: + +[0006] 步骤1. 采用蒙特卡洛方法,建立包含充电开始时间、充电结束时间、日行驶里程及充电时长的电动汽车充电行为概率模型; + +[0007] 步骤2. 通过获取电网信息与充电电动汽车的信息,智能充电桩进行需求分析和电动汽车调度可行性判别; + +[0008] 步骤3:通过计算当前的电网安全风险值,并将用户划分为不同的信用等级,构建出不同用户信用评估系数,在此基础上,制定灵活的动态电价策略; + +[0009] 步骤4:综合考虑电动汽车用户的综合充电成本与电网建设成本,并依据电动汽车的充放电状态、荷电状态及功率限制,构建的电动汽车充放电策略优化调度模型; + +[0010] 步骤5:利用改进的差分进化算法求解优化调度模型,得到最优动态电价及对应的有序充放电控制策略,并由智能充电桩执行。 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00069.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00069.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..66f4a97693c25ad25fc13ab13a5f30c7fb13c8ad --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00069.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +[0011] 本发明通过采用动态电价制定策略,结合电网负荷波动风险系数和用户信用分级制度,制定了一种灵活且经济的电价策略。这种策略不仅提升了电网对负荷变化的响应速度,还通过用户分级机制实现了电价的差异化,使不同信用等级的用户在电价调整过程中获得相应的待遇。这不仅有效降低了用户的充电成本,还减少了峰谷差和负荷波动,从而提高了电网运行的安全性与经济性。 + +[0012] 本发明通过综合考虑电网建设成本与用户综合成本优化充放电策略,本发明在降低电网建设和运营开支的同时,最大化了用户的经济利益。综合分析电网建设成本与用户充电成本,有效减少了电网扩建需求,提升了系统的经济效益和运行效率,同时进而增强电网的安全性和稳定性。 + +[0013] 本发明采用改进的差分进化算法不仅提高求解效率,还增强全局搜索能力和对动态环境的适应能力,从而更准确地求解最优的动态电价和有序充放电控制策略,进一步优化电动汽车调度效果,并确保了电网运行的稳定性和安全性。 + +## 附图说明 + +[0014] 图1为本发明所述的电动汽车调度方法的流程图; + +[0015] 图2为动态电价制定对比图; + +[0016] 图3为原始状态总负荷与基础负荷对比图; + +[0017] 图4为EV充电时本发明策略优化后负荷曲线图。 + +## 具体实施方式 + +[0018] 如图1所示,一种基于改进差分进化算法的电动汽车有序充放电控制方法,包括以下步骤: + +[0019] 步骤1. 采用蒙特卡洛方法,建立包含充电开始时间、充电结束时间、日行驶里程及充电时长的电动汽车充电行为概率模型; + +[0020] 电动汽车充电行为的概率分布模型,由充电开始时间模型、充电结束时间模型、日行驶里程模型和充电时长模型组成; + +[0021] 所述的充电开始时间模型为: + +[0022] + +$$f ( t _ { a } ) = \left\{ \begin{array} { l l } { { \displaystyle \frac { 1 } { \sqrt { 2 \pi } \sigma _ { a } } \exp \left( - \frac { ( t _ { a } + 2 4 - \mu _ { a } ) ^ { 2 } } { 2 \sigma _ { a } ^ { 2 } } \right) , } } & { { 0 < t _ { a } \le u _ { a } - 1 2 } } \\ { { \displaystyle \frac { 1 } { \sqrt { 2 \pi } \sigma _ { a } } \exp \left( - \frac { ( t _ { a } - \mu _ { a } ) ^ { 2 } } { 2 \sigma _ { a } ^ { 2 } } \right) } } & { { , u _ { a } - 1 2 < t _ { a } \le 2 4 } } \end{array} \right.$$ + +[0023] 式中:$t_{a}$ 表示充电开始时间;$\mu_{a}$ 表示充电开始时间 $t_{a}$ 的均值;$\sigma_{a}$ 表示充电开始时间 $t_{a}$ 的标准差;$f(t_{a})$ 表示充电开始时间 $t_{a}$ 的概率函数。 + +[0024] 所述的充电结束时间模型为: + +[0025] + +$$f(t_i) = \begin{cases} \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}\sigma_i} \exp\left(-\dfrac{(t_i - \mu_i)^2}{2\sigma_i^2}\right) & , 0 < t_i \leq u_i + 12 \\ \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}\sigma_i} \exp\left(-\dfrac{(t_i - 24 - \mu_i)^2}{2\sigma_i^2}\right) & , u_i + 12 < t_i \leq 24 \end{cases}$$ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00070.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00070.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4b63525d837815e56c0a790573c3594870048195 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00070.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +[0026] 式中:$t_{i}$ 表示充电结束时间;$\mu_{i}$ 表示充电结束时间 $t_{i}$ 的均值;$\sigma_{u}$ 表示充电结束时间 $t_{i}$ 的标准差;$f(t_{i})$ 表示充电结束时间 $t_{i}$ 的概率函数。 + +[0027] 日行驶里程符合对数正态分布$f_{d}(x)$为: + +[0028] $f_{\mathrm{d}}(x)={\frac{1}{x\sigma{\sqrt{2\pi}}}}\exp\quad[{\frac{-(\ln\quad x-\mu_{l})^{2}}{2\sigma_{l}^{2}}}]$ + +[0029] 式中:x 表示日行驶里程;$\mu_{1}$ 表示行驶里程的均值;$\sigma_{1}$ 表示行驶里程的标准差;lnx 表示行驶里程的自然对数。 + +[0030] 结合EV用户的出行特性,可以计算调度EVi充电所需时长$T_{i}$; + +[0031] $T_{i}=\frac{(SOC_{d}-SOC_{i})\times S_{e}}{P_{i}\times\eta}$ + +[0032] 式中:Ti为第i辆电动汽车的充电时长;$S_{e}$为电动汽车的电池容量;$SOC_{d}$为电动汽车充电结束时电池的荷电状态;$SOC_{i}$为电动汽车充电开始时电池的荷电状态;$P_{i}$为电动汽车的充电功率;$\eta$为电动汽车的充电效率。 + +[0033] 步骤2. 通过获取电网信息与充电电动汽车的信息,智能充电桩进行需求分析和电动汽车调度可行性判别; + +[0034] 通过获取电网信息与充电电动汽车的信息分别包括:预计离开时间、期望电量及可调度意愿,剩余荷电状态SOC(State Of Charge)、EV电池容量,汽车还有基础负荷信息。其所述的需求性分析: + +[0035] $\left\{\begin{aligned}I&=1, 进行可行性判断 \\ I&=0, 直接进行无序充电\end{aligned}\right.$ + +[0036] 式中:$I=1$表示电动汽车的有调度意愿,$I=0$表示电动汽车的无调度意愿;电动汽车调度可行性判别: + +[0037] $\left\{ \begin{array}{l} if\ T_i \leq T_L - T_a,\ 则可进行调度 \\ if\ T_i \geq T_L - T_a,\ 则不进行调度,\ 在离网前一直充电 \end{array} \right.$ + +[0038] 式中:$T_i$表示电动汽车充电所需时间,$T_L$表示电动汽车离网时间,$T_a$表示电动汽车入网时间。 + +[0039] 步骤3:通过计算当前的电网安全风险值,并将用户划分为不同的信用等级,构建出不同用户信用评估系数,在此基础上,制定灵活的动态电价策略; + +[0040] 其中考虑电网安全风险值,以及用户信用分级,制定满足电网自身利益的电动汽车充放电价格下发指导曲线给下层电动汽车用户,在此基础上制定动态电价; + +[0041] 考虑电网安全风险值为: + +[0042] $P_{\mathrm{t h r e s h}}={\frac{1}{T}}\int_{0}^{T}P(t),d t$ + +[0043] 其中$P(t)$为在时刻t的该地区的总功率需求;dt为微小的时间增量,用于累积$P(t)$在整个时间区间$[0,T]$内的总功率需求;T为一天的总时间; + +[0044] 考虑用户信用分级为:信用度为一级,$S=1$;信用度中等为第二级,$S=2$;信用度低为第三级,$S=3$;其用户信用评价系数为:$\left(1-k_2\cdot\frac{S}{S_{\max}}\right)$; diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00071.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00071.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ada3373b5e79667eca0e1b8088a477ad28314cda --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00071.md @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +(19) 国家知识产权局 + + + +## (12) 发明专利申请 + + + +(10) 申请公布号 CN 119321980 A + +(43) 申请公布日 2025.01.17 + +(21) 申请号 202411347080.8 + +(22) 申请日 2024.09.25 + +(71) 申请人 湖北大帆汽车零部件有限公司 + +地址 438300 湖北省黄冈市麻城市黄金桥开发区金龙大道112 + +(72) 发明人 宁立峰 范久平 + +(74) 专利代理机构 武汉探智知识产权代理事务 + +所(普通合伙) 42309 + +专利代理师 郭成星 + +(51) Int. Cl. + +G01N 3/32 (2006.01) + +G01N 3/02(2006.01) + +G01M 13/00 (2019.01) + +G01M 5/00 (2006.01) + +权利要求书2页 说明书5页 附图3页 + +## (54) 发明名称 + +一种膜片弹簧疲劳试验测试装置 + + + +## (57) 摘要 + +本发明公开了一种膜片弹簧载荷试验测试装置,属于弹簧载荷试验技术领域,通过设置矩形安装架、固定插杆、固定弹簧和连接套,将膜片弹簧主体套在安装套管表面贴靠在压力传感器顶部后,推动两组连接套相互靠近带动固定插杆插入对应的安装槽内部,将压紧板对应卡入矩形安装架内部,确保压紧板顶部的通孔穿过安装套管,使压紧板两侧的压紧卡槽贴靠在矩形条顶部,同时使固定插杆与固定插孔的位置相对应,松开连接套在固定弹簧的回弹作用下将限位板顶向安装槽一侧,使固定插杆顶出安装卡扣入对应的固定插孔内部,从而将压紧板卡紧固定在矩形安装架内部,方便对经过长时间使用的压紧板进行拆卸维修或更换。 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00072.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00072.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..66652c7b862a3a29ec2444f12ed0a913fa9e48ac --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00072.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +管内壁的两侧对称设有限位滑槽,所述安装套管内部的两端之间转动安装有移动螺杆,且移动螺杆位于安装套管内部的表面设有移动座,所述移动座表面对称固定安装有移动滚轮,且移动滚轮与限位滑槽的位置相对应,所述移动座表面的两侧对称转动安装有加压卡板,且加压卡板与矩形滑槽的位置相对应。 + +[0009] 作为本发明的进一步方案:所述移动螺杆顶端穿过安装套管固定安装有锁紧螺柱,所述锁紧螺柱位于安装套管顶部的表面设有锁紧螺套,所述锁紧螺柱远离移动螺杆的顶端固定安装有十字板。 + +[0010] 作为本发明的进一步方案:所述压紧板顶部的中央位置处设有通孔,且通孔贯穿压紧板,所述通孔与安装套管的位置相对应,所述通孔内壁顶部的两侧对称设有矩形卡槽,所述矩形卡槽与加压卡板的位置相对应且形状相同,所述压紧板两侧的底部对称设有压紧卡槽,所述压紧卡槽与矩形卡条的位置相对应且形状相同。 + +[0011] 作为本发明的进一步方案:所述安装条两端对称设有安装槽,所述安装槽的一端连通设有移动槽,所述安装槽内部滑动安装有固定插杆,且固定插杆远离移动槽的一端穿过安装槽延伸至安装条外侧与固定插孔的位置相对应。 + +[0012] 作为本发明的进一步方案:所述固定插杆位于安装槽内部远离移动槽一侧的表面固定安装有限位板,所述固定插杆位于安装槽内部的表面设有固定弹簧,所述固定插杆位于移动槽内部的一端固定安装有拨杆,且拨杆穿过移动槽延伸至安装条顶部,两组安装条两侧相对的拨杆之间固定安装有连接条。 + +[0013] 与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于: + +[0014] 1、本发明中,通过设置矩形安装架、固定插杆、固定弹簧和连接条,将限位弹簧主体套在安装套管表面贴靠在压力传感器顶部后,推动两组连接条相互靠近带动固定插杆插入对应的安装套管内部,将压紧板对应卡入矩形安装架内部,确保压紧板顶部的凸孔穿过安装套管,使压紧板两侧的压紧卡槽贴靠在矩形卡条顶部,同时使固定插杆与固定插孔的位置相对应,松开连接条在固定弹簧的回弹作用下将限位板面向安装槽一侧,使固定插杆顶出安装槽卡入对应的固定插孔内部,从而将压紧板卡紧固定在矩形安装架内部,方便对经过长时间使用的压紧板进行拆卸检修或更换。 + +[0015] 2.本发明中,通过设置顶起弹簧、压紧板,移动螺杆、移动座和加压卡板,在将压紧板锁定固定在矩形安装架内部后,转动两组加压卡板至与压紧板平行后,控制移动螺杆进行转动,使移动座带动加压卡板向压紧板移动,直至加压卡板卡入对应的压紧卡槽内部,控制移动螺杆继续转动,使压紧板下压贴紧在膜片弹簧主体顶部,膜片弹簧主体在压力传感器测量,实时监测膜片弹簧主体承受的压力,从而方便根据压紧板对膜片弹簧主体施加压力的大小,测试膜片弹簧主体在静态负载下的承载能力,在膜片弹簧主体经过一定时间的承压负载后,反向转动移动螺杆控制移动座在移动螺杆表面上移,在顶起弹簧的回弹作用下将压紧板向上顶起远离膜片弹簧主体,从而快速减小施加在膜片弹簧主体的压力。 + +## 附图说明 + +[0016] 图1为本发明的剖视结构示意图; + +[0017] 图2为本发明底板和顶起机构的剖视结构示意图; + +[0018] 图3为本发明安装套管的剖视结构示意图; diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00073.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00073.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..69c87d56b0167cfbf846d34b4ee00be81764da78 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00073.md @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +(19) 国家知识产权局 + + + +## (12) 发明专利申请 + + + +(10) 申请公布号 CN 119322830 A + +(43) 申请公布日 2025.01.17 + +(21) 申请号 202411349613.6 + +(22) 申请日 2024.09.26 + +(71) 申请人 浙江大学 + +地址 310058 浙江省杭州市西湖区余杭塘路866号 + +(72) 发明人 吴飞 窦怀永 张圣宇 贺宝仪 张钰清 张涌泉 严骏驰 + +(74) 专利代理机构 杭州求是专利事务所有限公司 33200 + +专利代理师 傅朝栋 张法高 + +(51) Int. Cl. + +G06F 16/3329(2025.01) + +G06F 16/332(2025.01) + +G06F 16/334(2025.01) + +G06N 3/084 (2023.01) + +G06N 3/0895 (2023.01) + +G06N 3/096 (2023.01) + +G06N 5/022 (2023.01) + +权利要求书2页 说明书9页 附图4页 + +## (54) 发明名称 + +一种敦煌垂直领域大模型训练方法、系统、介质及设备 + + + +## (57) 摘要 + +本发明公开了一种敦煌垂直领域大模型训练方法、系统、介质及设备,属于人工智能领域和文化领域。本发明通过整理敦煌大辞典、敦煌概论、敦煌18讲等敦煌垂直领域知识,形成了敦煌指令微调数据和“关键词-解释”的字典类向量知识库,通过继续预训练、有监督微调、外挂向量知识库等步骤,训练出了面向文化旅游和语言专家的敦煌垂直领域大模型,进而提出PhiloCOP框架,以便于敦煌垂直领域大模型的应用。本发明为敦煌爱好者和考古学家提供了更便利的查询知识和辅助研究的工具,有助于在更大范围内更便捷的宣传敦煌文化,能够应用在古代语言学研究领域和旅游场景。 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00074.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00074.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fc07d8ec210549270f3598a07f155efa4d9d676a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00074.md @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +方法可以对没有在领域数据集上训练的模型性能提升,Baichuan2除外,这是因为它处理文言文命名实体识别和翻译的能力不足。 + +[0081]表2. 敦煌垂直领域大模型与其他大模型的测试结果 + +[0082] + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
任务文字修复年代化归拼接主题建模问答判断
评估指标CER年代偏移量F1 分数F1 分数准确率准确率
Qwen-7bN/AN/AN/A0.37146.1%46.7%
Qwen-7b+PhiloCoPN/AN/AN/A0.21161.5%49.2%
Baichuan2N/AN/A0.1770.06338.5%40.0%
Baichuan2+PhiloCoPN/AN/A0.1630.23923.1%30.5%
LLaMAN/AN/AN/AN/A7.7%30.5%
LLaMA+PhiloCoPN/AN/AN/AN/A11.5%31.7%
敦煌垂直领域大模型32.5%3.360.4290.44865.6%47.5%
敦煌垂直领域大模型
+PhiloCoP
27.5%2.730.6570.49169.2%58.3%
+ +[0083] 在本实施例中,分别采用三种基座大语言模型,并以GPT-4o判定胜率作为评价指标来评估敦煌垂直领域大模型在命名实体识别、分析和推理任务上的效果,结果如图6所示,胜率越高,能力越强。 + +[0084] 综上所述,本发明通过精选敦煌垂直领域的识读语料和专业文献,生成大量敦煌垂直领域的高质量数据,结合适选语料形成对标答文本用于基座大语言模型的继续预训练;本发明构建根据覆盖专业知识和通用文场场景的故障指令微调数据,具体涵盖敦煌历史、故事、文化、经济、科学等领域,用于对继续预训练后的大语言模型进行有监督的指令微调;本发明构建带有“关键词-解释”字典类知识、文档和关键词的问题与知识库,通过挂勾向量知识库,输入到大语言模型的问题进行关键值检索,将与问题相关的知识合并为提示词作为大语言模型的新输入,增强大语言模型产生内容的准确度和专业性;此外,本发明提出了PhiloCop框架,该框架遵循下数家学者的思维链,逐步帮助大语言模型解析古汉语的词汇和语法,这种方法在多个下游任务中显示出显著的改进;最后,本发明提供了用户使用界面,以方便敦煌垂直领域大模型的使用,显示问题的输入输出,可以进行发送、清除历史和重试操作。 + +[0085] 另外需要说明的是,上述实施例中的一种敦煌垂直领域大模型训练方法,本质上可以通过计算机程序或者模块来执行。因此同样的,基于同一发明构思,本发明的另一较佳实施例中还提供了一种与上述实施例提供的一种敦煌垂直领域大模型训练方法对应的一种计算机电子设备,共包括存储器和处理器; + +[0086] 所述存储器,用于存储计算机程序; + +[0087] 所述处理器,用于当执行所述计算机程序时,实现上述实施例中的一种敦煌垂直领域大模型训练方法。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00075.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00075.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..af8b5cd2c6b812b7e2730ce1329a50421d71cb6a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00075.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ + + +图1 + + + +图2 + + + +图3 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00076.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00076.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4b2366fe0f17a9a5e7a34cd72a82f58da29236ea --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00076.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +识,本发明搜集整理了四类数据并以Qwen1.5-7B-Chat作为基座大语言模型,在其基础上进行继续预训练。然后针对9个下游任务构造指令微调数据,进行指令微调,让敦煌垂直领域大模型有回答相关问题的能力。通过外挂向量知识库让敦煌垂直领域大模型可以查阅相关资料。其中,基座大语言模型Qwen1.5-7B-Chat的实现方式属于现有技术,具体可参考现有技术文献:Bai, J., Bai, S., Chu, Y., Cui, Z., Dang, K., Deng, X., Fan, Y., Ge, W., Han, Y., Huang, F., Hui, B., Ji, L., Li, M., Lin, J., Lin, R., Liu, D., Liu, G., Lu, C., Lu, K., Ma, J., Men, R., Ren, X., Ren, X., Tan, C., Tan, S., Tu, J., Wang, P., Wang, S., Wang, W., Wu, S., Xu, B., Xu, J., Yang, A., Yang, H., Yang, J., Yang, S., Yao, Y., Yu, B., Yuan, H., Yuan, Z., Zhang, J., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhou, C., Zhou, J., Zhou, X., & Zhu, T. (2023). Qwen Technical Report.*arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.16609\*. + +[0044] 如图1所示,在本发明的一种较佳实现方式中,上述一种敦煌垂直领域大模型训练方法包括以下S1~S3步骤。下面分别对其具体实现过程进行展开叙述。 + +[0045] 一、继续预训练 + +[0046] S1. 将基座大语言模型在通用以及敦煌领域的无标签文本上继续预训练,得到继续预训练后的大语言模型。 + +[0047] 需要说明的是,在本发明步骤S1中,继续预训练是训练敦煌垂直领域大模型的第一步,让基座大语言模型在通用以及敦煌领域的无标签文本上继续学习,以便基座大语言模型能够更好地理解和适应特定领域的语言结构与特征,这一过程为敦煌垂直领域大模型提供了可以学习的特定方面的语料。 + +[0048] 具体来说,在本发明步骤S1中,获取包含经、史、子、集四类文献的数据集,所述数据集中涵盖公共数据、原始博物馆收藏、研究论文、学术出版物和专业文献,将数据集中的文献转换成文本格式后,对文本格式的文献进行数据清理和去重后,将数据清理和去重后的文献合并到一个文本文件中,形成敦煌领域的无标签文本;其中,数据清理和去重包括去除文本格式的文献中多余的空格、换行、页眉、页脚、插图、表格、公式、注释符号、引用和链接。 + +[0049] 在本实施例中,首先需要整理敦煌垂直领域大模型训练用的敦煌领域语料,放到一个文本文件中形成PhiloCorpus-ZH语料库,并将其作为敦煌领域的无标签文本。再将通用的无标签文本与PhiloCorpus-ZH语料库一起整理到一个共有123万条数据的文本文件中,其中的100万条数据来自通用的无标签文本,23万条数据来自PhiloCorpus-ZH语料库。然后使用现有技术Yaowei Zheng, Richong Zhang, Junhao Zhang, Yanhan Ye, Zheyan Luo, and Yongqiang Ma. 2024. Llamafactory: Unified efficient ffnet-tuning of 100+ language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2403.13372 中大模型继续预训练的配置文件对基座大语言模型进行继续预训练,得到继续预训练后的大语言模型。 + +[0050] 进一步地,在本实施例中,PhiloCorpus-2H语料库包括经、史、子、集四类文献,由浙江大学文学院提供,涵盖公共数据、原始博物馆收藏、研究论文、学术出版物和专业文献。这些文件都是pdf格式,使用现有技术中的PaddleOCR工具将这些文件转换成本文格式。然后进行了一定的数据清理和去重工作,以确保质量,包括去除多余的空格、换行、页眉、页脚、插图、表格、公式、注释符号、引用和链接。最后将所有文件合并到一个文本文件中,形成PhiloCorpus-2H语料库。 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00077.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00077.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d18371a141d2ea75a452a62991c3ba1bfe67b484 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00077.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +[0051] 进一步地,在本实施例中,为了使基座大语言模型的通用能力不明显下降,还需要整理通用的无标签文本,此处具体使用了现有技术中的书生万卷语料库、维基百科中文数据集和SkyPile-150B,用于获取通用的无标签文本。 + +[0052] 二、指令微调 + +[0053] S2、根据预设的下游任务构造对应领域的敦煌指令微调数据,获取通用指令微调数据,对继续预训练后的大语言模型在敦煌指令微调数据以及通用指令微调数据上进行指令微调,得到指令微调后的大语言模型;其中,下游任务共有九个,分别为文字修复、拼接、年代归因、命名实体识别、主题建模、判断、问答、分析、以及推理。 + +[0054] 需要说明的是,在本发明步骤S2中,指令微调是为了让继续预训练后的大语言模型拥有回答相关问题的能力。指令微调所使用的数据分为两部分,一部分是根据预设的下游任务构造的敦煌指令微调数据,另外一部分则是通用指令微调数据。因此,首先需要根据下游任务构造敦煌指令微调数据。 + +[0055] 在本实施例中,由Self-QA-Self-Instruct以及人工构造共三种方法数据指令微调数据.具体来说,Self-QA是一种自我监督学习方法.不需要标注数据,可以根据提供的文本生成问题和对应的答案;Self-QA的实现流程如图3所示,可根据《敦煌学大辞典》调用GPT4的api生成指令,然后输入指令和对应的文档再调用GPT4以生成问题的答案(Self-Instruct生成指令微调数据的过程如图4所示,使用现有技术中的BELLE工具提供的指令生成代码,首先需要准备各种子数据集,生成数据质量的高低与提供的种子数据的质量息息相关,所以首先要整理一个内容涵盖全面的高质量种子数据集;高质量种子数据集的来源有三个,分别为人工撰写的的数据,Self-QA中的高质量数据和初步进行Self-Instruct后筛选出的高质量数据.最后用高质量的种子数据集进行Self-Instruct操作,生成大量指令数据.另外需要说明的是,Self-QA,Self-Instruct的实现方式均属于现有技术,在本发明中不做赘述. + +[0056] 需要说明的是,在本发明步骤S2中,对继续预训练后的大语言模型在敦煌指令微调数据以及通用指令微调数据上进行指令微调具体采用LoRA微调,其实现方式也属于现有技术,不再赘述。 + +[0057] 在本实施例中,指令微调所使用的两部分数据比例为1:1,共48278条数据。通用指令微调数据来源有Stanford Alpaca(zh)、BELLE 2M(zh)、Fireffy 1.1M 791(zh)。微调使用的也是LLaMA-Factory中的指令微调文件,具体参数设置如表1所示。其中,Stanford Alpaca(zh)的实现方式来源于现有技术Cui,Y.,&Yao,X.(2024).Rethinking LLM language adaptation:A case study on Chinese Mixtral.arXiv preprint arXiv:2403.01851.https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.01851;BELLE 2M(zh)的实现方式来源于现有技术BelleGroup.(2023).train_2M_CN dataset[Data set].Hugging Face.https://huggingface.co/datasets/BelleGroup/train_2M_CN;Fireffy1.1M 791(zh)的实现方式来源于现有技术YeungNLP.(2023).firefly-train-1.1M dataset[Data set].Hugging Face.https://huggingface.co/datasets/YeungNLP/firefly-train-1.1M。 + +[005B] + +表1. 指令微调参数设置 + +[0059] + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
参数设置
Fine-tuning TypeLoRA
+ diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00078.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00078.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3f16e6c00a38e7ed55860cb72cbfdd5367e8a813 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00078.md @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Cutoff Length2048
Learning Rate$1e^{-4}$
Training Epoch8
Batch Size32
Optimizeradamw_torch
LoRA $\gamma$8
LoRA $\alpha$16
LoRA Dropout0.1
LoRA TargetAll
+ +[0060] 三、外挂向量知识库 + +[0061] S3,将预先构造好的向量知识库外挂到指令微调后的大语言模型上,得到最终训练好的敦煌垂直领域大模型。 + +[0002] 在本发明中, 为了提高生成内容的准确性、减少幻觉, 通过外挂的量知识库的方式为故障单自领域大模型提供额外的知识, 外挂向量知识库的原理是把一个额外的数据库当作输入, 可以根据用户的问题在这个知识库中检索知识, 根据检索内容和问题拼接形成提示词, 输入指令微调后的大型语言模型中, 生成答案。但由于知识库过于庞大, 超出了大语言模型一次能读取的字数限制, 所以可以把数据分成若干条, 每次只将和问题有关的条目读取出来, 当作指令微调后的大语言模型的输入。然后只需要把数据单中和问题最相关的片段, 这里用到了向量检索, 将文档和关键词全部向量化, 存入向量数据库。最后通过 LangChain框架, 将向量知识库接入指令微调后的大语言模型。加入外挂向量知识库后, 指令微调后的大语言模型的效果有了显著提升, 减少了答非所问和幻觉的情况。 + +[0063] 需要说明的是,在本发明步骤S3中,构造向量知识库的具体过程如下: + +[0064] S31、对敦煌学相关的辞典和资料进行整理,形成敦煌知识库,对敦煌知识库中的文本进行分块处理,得到包含敦煌领域信息的文本块; + +[0065] S32、使用词向量模型对文本块进行向量化处理,得到向量知识库; + +[0066] S33、通过LangChain框架将向量知识库接入指令微调后的大语言模型,得到敦煌垂直领域大模型。 + +[0067] 另外需要说明的是,古汉语作为表意文字,根据语境和语法的不同,一个汉字可以代表多种意思。古汉语中还存在在现代汉语中没有的一些语法,如倒装和词性转换。此外,宗教和文化因素导致古代和现代汉语在命名习惯上存在重大差异。因此语言学家在进行后续研究前通常会针对上述三点进行综合解析。在本实施例中,为了模仿语言学家在研究古汉语文稿时的分析过程,还设计了一个包含PhiloCop框架的一种敦煌垂直领域大模型的问答系统,使用敦煌垂直领域大模型来分解决策问题,帮助敦煌垂直领域大模型完成任务。 +[0068] 如图7所示,一种敦煌垂直领域大模型的问答系统具体包括: + +[0069] 模型获取模块,用于获取上述实施例中的一种敦煌垂直领域大模型训练方法训练得到的敦煌垂直领域大模型; + +[0070] 第一处理模块,用于将用户问题输入到敦煌垂直领域大模型中,对用户问题进行命名实体识别、提取和分类,得到用户问题中出现的各类命名实体; + +[0071] 第二处理模块,用于将用户问题和用户问题中出现的各类命名实体输入到敦煌垂 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00079.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00079.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cb167e03a0fa1bef8768278344255daab899f614 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00079.md @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +(19) 国家知识产权局 + + + +## (12) 发明专利申请 + + + +(10) 申请公布号 CN 119323112 A + +(43) 申请公布日 2025.01.17 + +(21) 申请号 202411352180.X + +(22) 申请日 2024.09.26 + +(71) 申请人 西南交通大学 + +地址 611730 四川省成都市郫都区犀安路999号 + +(72) 发明人 成正强 夏杰 刘虎 + +(74) 专利代理机构 成都贞元会专知识产权代理 + +有限公司 51390 + +专利代理师 肖会 + +(51) Int. Cl. + +G06F 30/20 (2020.01) + +G06F 30/15(2020.01) + +G16C 60/00(2019.01) + +G06F 113/24(2020.01) + +G06F 113/28 (2020.01) + +G06F 119/02(2020.01) + +G06F 119/14(2020.01) + +G06F 119/06 (2020.01) + +权利要求书4页 说明书9页 附图2页 + +## (54) 发明名称 + +一种铝合金薄板低速冲击凹坑深度的预测方法 + + + +## (57) 摘要 + +本发明公开了一种铝合金薄板低速冲击凹坑深度的预测方法,包括:设置假设,将铝合金薄板的低速冲击问题简化;构建并分别塑性失效机构;构建铝合金圆板只考虑弯矩的塑性耗散功率模型;构建铝合金薄板冲击凹坑深度预测模型,将实际的冲击载荷数据以及铝合金薄板的结构参数输入分析模型,输出铝合金薄板低速冲击凹坑深度。本发明具有简便、实用、预测准确的优点,并且具有重要工程应用价值,尤其是对于飞机铝合金薄板构件冲击后凹坑深度预测和结构维修具有重要价值。 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00080.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00080.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..addd1aae3761f8bf1e5b04ae2e8d51d240a0be3c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00080.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +[0100] + +$$P_{m}=\begin{cases}2\pi M_{0},&b=1\\4\pi M_{0},&b=2\end{cases}\tag{9}$$ + +[0101] 因此,当铝合金薄板冲击凹坑深度达到$\Delta$时,消耗的能量为 + +[0102] $$D_{m}=\int_{0}^{\Delta}P_{m}~d\Delta \tag{10}$$ + +[0103] 若低速冲击导致铝合金圆板发生大变形,则膜力消耗的能量对总塑性耗散能有显著影响,因而考虑弯矩和膜力共同作用的塑性耗散功率为 + +[0104] $$\dot{D}_{m m}=f_{n}\dot{D}_{m} \tag{11}$$ + +[0105] 式中,$f_{n}$ 为膜力因子,其与铝合金圆板的半径和外载荷无关,只依赖于铝合金圆板的边界条件和变形过程中的无量纲挠度 $\delta$: + +[0106] + +$$\delta=\frac{\Delta}{h}\tag{12}$$ + +[0107] 对于周边简支和固支的铝合金圆板,推导出膜力因子$f_n$为: + +[0108] + +$$f_{n}=\begin{cases}1+\frac{4}{3}\delta^{2},\delta\leq\frac{1}{2}\\2\delta+\frac{1}{6\delta},\delta>\frac{1}{2}\end{cases}(b=1) \tag{13-a}$$ + +[0109] + +$$f_{n}=\begin{cases}1+\frac{1}{2}\delta,\delta\leq1\\ \frac{1}{2}+\delta,\delta>1\end{cases}(b=2) \tag{13-b}$$ + +[0110] 将式(7)、式(11)代入能量平衡方程可得考虑弯矩和膜力共同作用导致塑性耗散的外载荷$P_{mn}$为: + +[0111] + +$$P_{mn} = \begin{cases} 2\pi M_0 f_n, & b=1 \\ 4\pi M_0 f_n, & b=2 \end{cases} \tag{14}$$ + +[0112] 因此,当铝合金薄板冲击凹坑深度达到$\Delta$时,消耗的能量为 + +[0113] + +$$D_{mn} = \int_0^\Delta P_{mn} \, \mathrm{d}\Delta \tag{15}$$ + +[0114] 将式(12)和(13)代入式(15),可得铝合金薄板冲击凹坑深度达到$\Delta$时,消耗的能量为 + +[0115] + +$$D_{\mathrm{max}} = \int_{0}^{\Delta} 2\pi M_{0} f_{n} \cdot \mathrm{d}\Delta = \int_{0}^{\delta} 2\pi M_{0} h f_{n} \mathrm{d}\delta = \begin{cases} 2\pi M_{0} h \left( \frac{4}{9} \delta^{3} + \delta \right), \delta \leq \frac{1}{2} \\ 2\pi M_{0} h \left( \delta^{2} + \frac{1}{6} \ln \delta + \frac{11}{36} + \frac{\ln 2}{6} \right), \delta > \frac{1}{2} \end{cases} \quad (b=1) \tag{16a}$$ diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00081.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00081.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8dc0fe9d48aad140a865766faec9944fb854f84e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00081.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + + +图 1 + + + +图 2 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00082.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00082.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b5166f646e1ffa8ed3d518441b0d8b3f1e4a5c0d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00082.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +在简支边界条件(b=1)下,只考虑弯矩的塑性耗散功率$\dot{D}_{m0}$的计算公式为: + +$$\dot{D}_{m0}=nM_{0}r_{0}2\omega\tan\left(\frac{\pi}{n}\right) \tag{3}$$ + +在固支边界条件下(b=2)下,只考虑弯矩的塑性耗散功率$\dot{D}_{m0}$计算公式为: + +$$\dot{D}_{m0}=nM_{0}r_{0}2\omega\tan\left(\frac{\pi}{n}\right)+M_{0}n\omega l \tag{4}$$ + +$$M_0 = \frac{\sigma_s h^2}{4}\tag{5}$$ + +当$n \to \infty$时, 可以得到所述铝合金圆板只考虑弯矩的塑性耗散功率模型, 其公式为: + +$$\dot{D}_{m}=\lim_{n\to\infty}\dot{D}_{m0}=\begin{cases}2M_{0}\omega r_{0}\pi,&b=1\\4M_{0}\omega r_{0}\pi,&b=2\end{cases} \tag{6}$$ + +其中,$M_0$为所述铝合金圆板单位宽度上的塑性极限弯矩,$h$为所述铝合金圆板的厚度,$\sigma_s$为所述铝合金圆板的屈服应力,$b=1$代指简支边界条件,$b=2$代指固支边界条件。 + +5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种铝合金薄板低速冲击凹坑深度的预测方法,其特征在于,根据所述塑性耗散功率模型,基于能量守恒方程,构建铝合金薄板冲击凹坑深度预测模型,包括: + +计算所述铝合金圆板的外载荷$P$的功率$\dot{W}$为 + +$$\dot{W}=P\omega r_{0}\tag{7}$$ + +忽略摩擦引起的能量消耗,由能量平衡条件可知,所述铝合金圆板的外载荷功率全部转化成塑性耗散功率,即 + +$$\dot{W} = \dot{D}_m\tag{8}$$ + +将式(6)和(7)代入式(8),可得只考虑弯矩导致的塑性耗散情况下的外载荷$P_{m}$为: + +$$P_{m}=\begin{cases}2\pi M_{0},&b=1\\4\pi M_{0},&b=2\end{cases} \tag{9}$$ + +当所述铝合金薄板冲击凹坑深度达到$\Delta$时,消耗的能量$D_m$为: + +$$D_{m}=\int_{0}^{\Delta}P_{m}\,\mathrm{d}\Delta\tag{10}$$ + +则所述铝合金圆板考虑弯矩和膜力共同作用的塑性耗散功率$\dot{D}_{mn}$为: + +$$\dot{D}_{mm} = f_n \dot{D}_m \tag{11}$$ + +式中,$f_{n}$ 为膜力因子,$f_{n}$ 只依赖于所述铝合金圆板的边界条件和变形过程中的无量纲挠度 $\delta$: diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00083.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00083.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6839b51df1eb2cea132d5519215389d727f3347a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00083.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +$$\delta = \frac{\Delta}{h} \tag{12}$$ + +对于周边简支和固支的所述铝合金圆板,出膜力因子$f_n$为: + +$$f_{n}=\begin{cases}1+\frac{4}{3}\delta^{2},\delta\leq\frac{1}{2}\\2\delta+\frac{1}{6\delta},\delta>\frac{1}{2}\end{cases}(b=1) \tag{13-a}$$ + +$$f_{n}=\begin{cases}1+\frac{1}{2}\delta,\delta\leq1\\\frac{1}{2}+\delta,\delta>1\end{cases}\quad(b=2)\tag{13-b}$$ + +将式(7)、式(11)代入能量平衡方程可得考虑弯矩和膜力共同作用导致塑性耗散的外载荷$P_{mn}$为: + +$$P_{mn} = \begin{cases} 2\pi M_0 f_n, & b=1 \\ 4\pi M_0 f_n, & b=2 \end{cases} \tag{14}$$ + +因此,当所述铝合金薄板冲击凹坑深度达到$\Delta$时,消耗的能量$D_{mn}$为: + +$$D_{mn} = \int_0^\Delta P_{mn} \, \mathrm{d}\Delta \tag{15}$$ + +将式(12)和(13)代入式(15),可得所述铝合金薄板冲击凹坑深度达到$\Delta$时,消耗的能量$D_{mn}$为: + +$$D_{\mathrm{ms}} = \int_{0}^{\Delta} 2\pi M_{0} f_{*} \cdot \mathrm{d}\Delta = \int_{0}^{\delta} 2\pi M_{0} h f_{*} \mathrm{d}\delta = \begin{cases} 2\pi M_{0} h \left( \frac{4}{9} \delta^{3} + \delta \right), \delta \leq \frac{1}{2} \\ 2\pi M_{0} h \left( \delta^{2} + \frac{1}{6} \ln \delta + \frac{11}{36} + \frac{\ln 2}{6} \right), \delta > \frac{1}{2} \end{cases} \quad (b=1)$$ +(16a) + +$$D_{mn} = \int_0^\Lambda 4\pi M_0 f_n d\Lambda = \int_0^\delta 4\pi M_0 h f_n d\delta = \begin{cases} 4\pi M_0 h \left( \frac{1}{4} \delta^2 + \delta \right), \delta \leq 1 \\ 4\pi M_0 h \left( \frac{1}{2} \delta^2 + \frac{1}{2} \delta + \frac{1}{4} \right), \delta > 1 \end{cases} \quad (b=2) \tag{16b}$$ + +假定在冲击过程中,初始冲击能量完全被塑性失效机构耗散,则有: + +$$D_{mn}=E_{i}\tag{17}$$ + +式中,$E_i$为初始冲击能量; + +联合式(16)和(17),即可求解出所述铝合金圆板承受冲击载荷后的中心无量纲挠度,在固边界条件下(b=1)下,无量纲挠度$\delta$显示表达式为: diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00084.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00084.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b52b85a5aa4c26908a5aa4eaa963fd2ee79306d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00084.md @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +[0013] 将所述第二信息输入所述分析模型,输出铝合金薄板低速冲击凹坑深度。 + +[0014] 具体地,获取第一信息,包括: + +[0015] 获取所述铝合金圆板的结构参数,所述结构参数包括所述铝合金圆板的半径和厚度; + +[0016] 根据所述扇形刚性板块的塑性铰线长度和所述扇形刚性板块的数量计算所述扇形刚性板块的圆弧长度,所述塑性铰线长度为所述铝合金圆板的半径; + +[0017] 根据所述扇形刚性板块的角速度和所述扇形刚性板块的数量计算相邻两个所述扇形刚性板块之间的相对角速度。 + +[0018] 具体地,所述圆弧长度和所述相对角速度的计算公式如下: + +[0019] 所述圆弧长度的计算公式: + +[0020] + +$$l = r_{0} \frac{2\pi}{n} \tag{1}$$ + +[0021] 所述相对角速度的计算公式: + +[0022] + +$$\omega_{r}=2\omega\tan\left(\frac{\pi}{n}\right)\tag{2}$$ + +$l$为所述扇形刚性板块的圆弧长度,$r_0$为所述塑性铰线长度,$n$为所述扇形刚性板块的数量,$\omega_r$为所述相对角速度,$\omega$为所述扇形刚性板块的角速度。 + +[0023] 具体地,根据所述第一信息,基于简支边界条件和固支边界条件,构建所述铝合金圆板只考虑弯矩的塑性耗散功率模型,包括: + +[0024] 在简支边界条件(b=1)下,只考虑弯矩的塑性耗散功率$\dot{D}_{m0}$的计算公式为: + +[0025] + +$$\dot{D}_{m0}=nM_{0}r_{0}2\omega\tan\left(\frac{\pi}{n}\right)\tag{3}$$ + +[0026] 在固支边界条件下(b=2)下,只考虑弯矩的塑性耗散功率$\dot{D}_{m0}$计算公式为: + +(4) + +[0027] + +$$M_{0}=\frac{\sigma_{s}h^{2}}{4}\tag{5}$$ + +[0028] 当 $n \to \infty$ 时,可以得到所述铝合金圆板只考虑弯矩的塑性耗散功率模型,其公式为: + +[0029] + +$$\dot{D}_{m}=\lim_{n\to\infty}\dot{D}_{m0}=\begin{cases}2M_{0}\omega r_{0}\pi,&b=1\\4M_{0}\omega r_{0}\pi,&b=2\end{cases} \tag{6}$$ + +[0030] 其中,$M_{0}$ 为所述铝合金圆板单位宽度上的塑性极限弯矩,h 为所述铝合金圆板的厚度,$\sigma_{s}$ 为所述铝合金圆板的屈服应力,b=1 代指简支边界条件,b=2 代指固支边界条件。 +[0031] 具体地,根据所述塑性耗散功率模型,基于能量守恒方程,构建铝合金薄板冲击凹坑深度预测模型,包括: + +[0032] 计算所述铝合金圆板的外载荷$P$的功率$\dot{W}$为 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00085.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00085.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..29e385f59bdc6e3f0feadfd2a857eef5fc639995 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00085.md @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +的能量$D_{mn}$为: + +[0052] + +$D_{mn}=\int_{0}^{\Delta}2\pi M_{0}f_{n}\cdot d\Delta=\int_{0}^{\delta}2\pi M_{0}hf_{n}d\delta=\begin{cases}2\pi M_{0}h\left(\frac{4}{9}\delta^{3}+\delta\right),\delta\leq\frac{1}{2}\\2\pi M_{0}h\left(\delta^{2}+\frac{1}{6}\ln\delta+\frac{11}{36}+\frac{\ln2}{6}\right),\delta>\frac{1}{2}\end{cases}(b=1)$ + +(16a) + +[0053] + +$$D_{m n} = \int _ { 0} ^ { Delta } 4 \pi M _ { 0 } f _ { \delta} \mathrm { d } \Delta = \int _ { 0 } ^ { \delta } 4 \pi M _ { 0 } h f _ { n } \mathrm { d } \delta = \left\{ \begin{array} { l } { { 4 \pi M _ { 0 } h \left( \frac { 1 } { 4 } \delta ^ { 2 } + \delta \right) , \delta \leq 1 } } \\ { { 4 \pi M _ { 0 } h \left( \frac { 1 } { 2 } \delta ^ { 2 } + \frac { 1 } { 2 } \delta + \frac { 1 } { 4 } \right) , \delta > 1 } } \end{array} \right. \quad ( b = 2 ) \tag{16b} )$$ + +[0054] 假定在冲击过程中,初始冲击能量完全被塑性失效机构耗散,则有: + +[0055] + +$$D_{mn}=E_{i}\tag{17}$$ + +[0056] 式中,$E_{i}$ 为初始冲击能量; + +[0057] 联合式(16)和(17),即可求解出所述铝合金圆板承受冲击载荷后的中心无量纲挠度,在固支边界条件下(b=1)下,无量纲挠度$\delta$显示表达式为: + +[0058] + +$$\delta = \left\{ \begin{array} { l } { { 2 \sqrt { 1 + \frac { E _ { i } } { 4 \pi M _ { 0 } h } } - 2 , E _ { i } \leq 5 \pi M _ { 0 } h } } \\ { { \sqrt { \frac { E _ { i } } { 2 \pi M _ { 0 } h } - \frac { 1 } { 4 } } - \frac { 1 } { 2 } , E _ { i } > 5 \pi M _ { 0 } h } } \end{array} \right. \tag{18}$$ + +[0059] 将式(5)和式(12)代入式(18),可得在固支边界条件下(b=2)下,预测铝合金薄板冲击凹坑深度$\Delta$的铝合金薄板冲击凹坑深度预测模型的显示表达式: + +[0060] + +$$\Delta = \left\{ \begin{array} { l } { { 2 \sqrt { \frac { E _ { i } } { \pi \sigma _ { s } h } + h ^ { 2 } } - 2 h , E _ { i } \leq \frac { 5 \pi \sigma _ { s } h ^ { 3 } } { 4 } } } \\ { { \sqrt { \frac { 2 E _ { i } } { \pi \sigma _ { s } h } - \frac { h ^ { 2 } } { 4 } } - \frac { h } { 2 } , E _ { i } > \frac { 5 \pi \sigma _ { s } h ^ { 3 } } { 4 } } } \end{array} \right. \tag{19}。$$ + +[0061] 本发明的有益效果在于: + +[0062] 本发明提出的铝合金薄板低速冲击凹坑深度的预测方法解决了现有飞机铝合金结构冲击凹坑损伤评估中无法准确地预测铝合金薄板低速冲击凹坑深度的问题,具有简便、实用、预测准确的优点,并且具有重要工程应用价值,尤其是对于飞机铝合金薄板构件冲击后凹坑深度预测和结构维修具有重要价值。 + +## 附图说明 + +[0063] 图1为本申请实施例中一种铝合金薄板低速冲击凹坑深度的预测方法的步骤图; + +[0064] 图2为本申请实施例中固支铝合金薄板受到低速冲击的原理示意图; + +[0065] 图3为本申请实施例中塑性失效机构的示意图; diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00086.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00086.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e373faa9694d9fbfc6c983f41dd617aff62f8988 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00086.md @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +(19) 国家知识产权局 + + + +## (12) 发明专利申请 + + + +(10) 申请公布号 CN 119324210 A + +(43) 申请公布日 2025.01.17 + +(21) 申请号 202411352896.X + +(22) 申请日 2024.09.26 + +(71) 申请人珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 + +地址 519180 广东省珠海市斗门区井岸镇 + +珠峰大道209号 + +(72) 发明人 汪辉 薛佳宸 刘春洋 + +(74) 专利代理机构 北京布瑞知识产权代理有限 + +公司 11505 + +专利代理师 王舒萌 + +(51) Int. Cl. + +H01M 4/36 (2006.01) + +H01M 4/38 (2006.01) + +HO1M 4/587(2010.01) + +H01M 4/62 (2006.01) + +H01M 4/134 (2010.01) + +H01M 4/133 (2010.01) + +H01M 10/0525 (2010.01) + +权利要求书2页 说明书19页 附图1页 + +## (54) 发明名称 + +负极活性材料、负极片和电池 + + + +## (57) 摘要 + +本发明涉及电池技术领域,具体涉及一种负极活性材料、包括该负极活性材料的负极片和电池。所述负极活性材料包括硅碳复合颗粒;所述硅碳复合颗粒的粒径$D_{n}$10为$1\mu m-8\mu m$;所述硅碳复合颗粒的平均球形度为0.6-1;所述硅碳复合颗粒具有闭孔和开孔,所述闭孔的体积$V_{1}$与所述开孔的体积$V_{2}$满足$0.2\leq V_{1}/V_{2}\leq2000$。本发明的负极活性材料在保证较高克容量的同时,具有较好的离子电导率和电子电导率,以及较好的结构稳定性。包括本发明负极活性材料的电池能够兼顾较好的首次库伦效率、倍率性能、低温性能和循环稳定性。 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00087.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00087.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..60e606d928aa08b0783eae4ee5976b7b088f1f5c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00087.md @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +[0119] (2) 放置在气相沉积炉中,通入氩气并将温度升高至1000℃保温8h,后降温至500℃,随后依次通入流量为150sccm和100sccm的甲硅烷气体各2h;后停止通入甲硅烷,将温度升高至560℃,通入流量为100sccm的乙炔气体,保持1h; + +[0120] 其中,硅碳复合颗粒的Dn10为6μm,平均球形度为0.8;$V_1$约为0.1cm³/g,$V_2$约为0.05cm³/g,$V_1/V_2$为2;$C_2$约为40%,$C_1$约为1000ppm,$C_2/C_1$为400;钾元素、钙元素和钠元素含量之和约为500ppm。 + +[0121] 制备例4 + +[0122] 用于验证“$V_{1}/V_{2}$”的改变所带来的影响。 + +[0123] 参照制备例2进行,所不同的是,通过改变开孔的体积$V_{2}$来调控$V_{1}/V_{2}$,具体如下: + +[0124] 在步骤(2)中,停止通入甲硅烷后,将温度升高至560℃,通入流量为100sccm的乙炔气体,保持1h; + +[0125] 其中,$V_{2}$ 约为 $0.05 ~cm^{3} / g$,$V_{1} / V_{2}$ 为 0.2;其余参数基本与制备例2相同。 + +[0126] 制备例5组 + +[0127] 本组制备例用于验证“Dn10”的改变所带来的影响。 + +[0128] 本组制备例参照制备例1进行,所不同的是,通过改变多孔碳材料的Dn10来调控硅碳复合颗粒的Dn10,具体如下: + +[0129] 制备例5a,多孔碳材料的Dn10为1μm; + +[0130] 制备例5b,多孔碳材料的Dn10为8μm。 + +[0131] 制备例6组 + +[0132] 本组制备例用于验证“平均球形度”的改变所带来的影响。 + +[0133] 本组制备例参照制备例1进行,所不同的是,通过改变多孔碳材料的平均球度来调控硅碳复合颗粒的平均球形度,具体如下: + +[0134] 制备例6a,多孔碳材料的平均球形度为0.71; + +[0135] 制备例6b,多孔碳材料的平均球形度为0.6。 + +[0136] 制备例7组 + +[0137] 本组制备例用于验证“闭孔的体积$V_1$”的改变所带来的影响。 + +[0138] 本组制备例参照制备例1进行,所不同的是,通过改变甲硅烷的通入流量和时间来调控$V_1$,具体如下: + +[0139] 制备例7a,在步骤(2)中,当温度降至500℃后,先通入流量为50sccm的甲硅烷气体6h,再通入流量为200sccm的甲硅烷气体3h; + +[0140] 其中,$V_1$约为$0.001cm^3/g$,$V_1/V_2$为1;$C_2$约为75%,$C_2/C_1$为37.5; + +[0141] 制备例7b,在步骤(2)中,当温度降至500℃后,先通入流量为300sccm的甲硅烷气体1h,再通入流量为100sccm的甲硅烷气体1h; + +[0142] 其中,$V_1$约为$0.4cm^3/g$,$V_1/V_2$为400;$C_2$约为30%,$C_2/C_1$为15。 + +[0143] 制备例8组 + +[0144] 本组制备例用于验证“开孔的体积$V_2$”的改变所带来的影响。 + +[0145] 本组制备例参照制备例1进行,所不同的是,通过改变通入乙炔气体的保持时间来调控$V_2$,具体如下: + +[0146] 制备例8a,在步骤(2)中,通入流量为100sccm的乙炔气体,保持6h; \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00088.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00088.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eb8425d5958601f770a7e6f80477be8e62ce2916 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00088.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +颗粒的真密度分别为$1.7g/cm^3$、$2.15g/cm^3$和$1.95g/cm^3$。 + +[0201] 表1 + +[0202] + +
$(I_1+I_3)/(I_2+I_4)$$W_1+W_2$特征峰一与特征峰二的峰强比值
制备例11.143$10^\circ$1.6
制备例22.40$4^\circ$1.06
制备例30.657$20^\circ$2.5
+ +[0203] 以下实施例用于说明本发明的电池。 + +[0204] 实施例1 + +[0205] 按照以下方法制备: + +[0206](1)制备负极片 + +[0207] 将人造石墨、制备例1制备得到的硅碳复合颗粒、羧甲基纤维素钠、丁苯橡胶和Super P按照质量比为87.7:8.8:1.6:1.6:0.3进行混合,加入去离子水,在真空搅拌机作用下获得负极浆料;将该负极浆料均匀涂覆在铜箔两侧表面上,置于80℃烘干干燥12h,经过辊压、分切,得到负极片。 + +[0208] (2) 制备正极片 + +[0209] 将钴酸锂、聚偏氟乙烯、乙炔黑和碳纳米管按照质量比为96:2:1.5:0.5进行混合,加入N-甲基吡咯烷酮,在真空搅拌机作用下搅拌,直至混合成均匀的正极浆料;将该正极浆料均匀涂覆于铝箔两侧表面上,置于烘箱中烘烤,之后转入120℃烘箱中干燥8h,经过辊压、分切,得到正极片。 + +[0210] (3) 制备锂离子电池 + +[0211] 将步骤(1)制备得到的负极片、隔膜(厚度为$8\mu m$的聚乙烯膜)和步骤(2)制备得到的正极片按顺序叠放好,保证隔膜处于正、负极片之间起到隔离的作用,然后通过卷绕得到裸电芯;将该裸电芯置于铝塑膜壳体中,将电解液(六氟磷酸锂溶于碳酸乙烯酯/碳酸二甲酯(体积比1:1)以及5vol.%氟代碳酸乙烯酯组成的混合溶液,其中六氟磷酸锂的浓度为1mol/L)注入到干燥后的裸电芯中,经过真空封装、静置、化成、整形、分选等工序,得到锂离子电池。 + +[0212] (4) 制备扣式半电池 + +[0213] 将制备例1制备得到的硅碳复合颗粒、Super P、羧甲基纤维素钠和丁苯橡胶按照质量比为96.5:1.6:1.6:0.3进行混合,加入去离子水,在真空搅拌机作用下混合均匀,获得扣电负极浆料;将该扣电负极浆料涂覆在铜箔上,在80℃烘箱中烘干,随后转入100℃真空烘箱中干燥12h,得到面密度约为3mg/cm²的负极片;在干燥环境下,将负极片用冲片机制成直径为12mm的负极圆片;在手套箱中,以负极圆片为工作电极,以金属锂片作为对电极,以厚度为20μm的聚乙烯隔膜为隔离膜,加入电解液(六氟磷酸锂溶于碳酸乙烯酯/碳酸二甲酯(体积比1:1)以及5vol.%氟代碳酸乙烯酯组成的混合溶液,其中六氟磷酸锂的浓度为1mol/L),组装成扣式半电池。 + +[0214] 实施例2-实施例13组和对比例1-5参照实施例1进行,所不同的是,替换制备例1制备得到硅碳复合颗粒,具体见表2。 + +[0215] 实施例14组 + +[0216] 本组实施例用于验证“硅碳复合颗粒和碳基材料的质量比”的改变所带来的影响。 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00089.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00089.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c904f3796b0a37ee071864ba1554ea9e303ca001 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00089.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +0.01C的电流密度放电至5mV,再次静置10min;后以0.05C的电流密度恒流充电至1.5V,再次静置10min,重复以0.1C电流密度恒流放电30min并静置30min的过程,直至电池电压低于0.1V,再次静置30min后记录此时的电压E1,然后以0.1C的电流密度恒流放电30min,记录放电10s时的电压E2以及放电截止时的电压E3,然后静置60min,记录静置60min后的电压E4,根据公式 + +[0252] $D = \frac{4}{\pi \tau} \left( \frac{nV}{S} \right)^2 \left( \frac{E1 - E4}{E2 - E3} \right)^2$, + +[0253] 即可得到硅碳复合颗粒在0.1V(vs Li⁺/Li)电势下的锂离子扩散系数(单位为cm²/s),其中,τ为弛豫时间即τ=3600s;n为硅碳复合颗粒的摩尔数,V为硅碳复合颗粒摩尔体积,n×V为测试所用硅碳复合颗粒的体积,可以根据扣式半电池负极片中涂层的质量w以及硅碳复合颗粒的真密度ρ计算得出,n×V=0.965×w/ρ;S为扣式半电池负极片的几何面积,即S=1.13cm²,将结果记于表3。 + +[0254] 表2 + +[0255] + +
硅碳复合颗粒循环容量保持率厚度膨胀率能量密度(Wh/L)首次库伦效率
实施例 1制备例 191.40%8.67%84492.50%
diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00090.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00090.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..79e88e9bd0e6b646db91446d12dfa1472c8e273f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00090.md @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +1. 一种负极活性材料,其特征在于,所述负极活性材料包括硅碳复合颗粒;所述硅碳复合颗粒的粒径Dn10为$1\mu m-8\mu m$;所述硅碳复合颗粒的平均球形度为0.6-1;所述硅碳复合颗粒具有闭孔和开孔,所述闭孔的体积$V_1$与所述开孔的体积$V_2$满足$0.2 \leq V_1/V_2 \leq 2000$。 + +2.根据权利要求1所述的负极活性材料,其中,$1\leq V_{1}/V_{2}\leq 400$;优选地,$2\leq V_{1}/V_{2}\leq 200$; + +和/或,所述硅碳复合颗粒的粒径Dn10为3μm-6μm; + +和/或,所述硅碳复合颗粒的平均球形度为0.8-1; + +和/或,所述闭孔的体积$V_1$为$0.001cm^3/g-0.4cm^3/g$;优选为$0.01cm^3/g-0.2cm^3/g$; + +和/或,所述开孔的体积$V_2$为$0.0001cm^3/g-0.1cm^3/g$;优选为$0.0005cm^3/g-0.05cm^3/g$。 + +3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的负极活性材料,其中,所述硅碳复合颗粒包括核壳结构;所述核壳结构的内核包括碳元素和硅元素,所述核壳结构的外壳包括碳元素; + +优选地,所述内核包括多孔碳以及位于所述多孔碳孔隙中的硅材料; + +优选地,所述外壳包括无定形碳。 + +4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的负极活性材料,其中,所述硅碳复合颗粒包括氧元素; + +优选地,所述硅碳复合颗粒中,硅元素的含量$C_2$和氧元素的含量$C_1$的比值$C_2/C_1$为10.5-26500;更优选为21.6-400。 + +5.根据权利要求4所述的负极活性材料,其中,$C_2$为30%-75%;优选为40%-65%; + +和/或,C₁为20ppm-50000ppm;优选为1000ppm-30000ppm。 + +6. 根据权利要求1或2所述的负极活性材料,其中,所述硅碳复合颗粒包括钾元素、钙元素和钠元素中的至少一种; + +优选地,所述硅碳复合颗粒包括钾元素、钙元素和钠元素; + +更优选地,钾元素、钙元素和钠元素在所述硅碳复合颗粒中的质量含量之和为30ppm-10000ppm;优选为100ppm-500ppm。 + +7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的负极活性材料,其中,所述硅碳复合颗粒的拉曼光谱中,在$470cm^{-1}-480cm^{-1}$具有第一特征峰,在$507cm^{-1}-517cm^{-1}$具有第二特征峰,在$1330cm^{-1}-1350cm^{-1}$具有第三特征峰,在$1590cm^{-1}-1610cm^{-1}$具有第四特征峰;所述第一特征峰的强度$I_{1}$、所述第二特征峰的强度$I_{2}$、所述第三特征峰的强度$I_{3}$和所述第四特征峰的强度$I_{4}$满足$0.5\leq(I_{1}+I_{3})/(I_{2}+I_{4})\leq3$;优选地,$0.65\leq(I_{1}+I_{3})/(I_{2}+I_{4})\leq2.4$; + +和/或,所述硅碳复合颗粒的XRD衍射图谱,在$27.4^{\circ}-29.4^{\circ}$具有第一衍射峰,在$42.4^{\circ}-44.4^{\circ}$具有第二衍射峰;所述第一衍射峰的半峰宽$W_{1}$与所述第二衍射峰的半峰宽$W_{2}$满足$3^{\circ}\leqslant W_{1}+W_{2}\leqslant35^{\circ}$;优选地,$4^{\circ}\leqslant W_{1}+W_{2}\leqslant20^{\circ}$; + +和/或,包括所述负极活性材料的扣式半电池的首圈dQ/dV曲线,在0.25V-0.3V具有特征峰一,在0.4V-0.45V具有特征峰二;所述特征峰一的峰强与所述特征峰二的峰强的比值为1-3;优选为1.05-2.5; + +和/或,所述硅碳复合颗粒受到377MPa的辊压后,所述硅碳复合颗粒的粒径Dv50的变化率为0-50%;优选为0-10%。 + +8. 一种负极片,其特征在于,所述负极片包括权利要求1-7中任一项所述的负极活性材料。 + +9. 根据权利要求8所述的负极片,其中,所述负极片包括负极集流体和位于所述负极集流体至少一侧表面的负极活性材料层;所述负极活性材料层包括所述负极活性材料; \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00091.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00091.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..02a050c15a81e1f14816b5e571f152be3d9fbd87 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00091.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +[0032] 在一实例中,所述闭孔的体积$V_{1}$为$0.01cm^{3}/g-0.2cm^{3}/g$。 + +[0033] 在本发明中,所述开孔的体积$V_{2}$可以为0.0001cm$^{3}$/g-0.1cm$^{3}$/g,例如为0.0001cm$^{3}$/g、0.0005cm$^{3}$/g、0.001cm$^{3}$/g、0.005cm$^{3}$/g、0.01cm$^{3}$/g、0.05cm$^{3}$/g或0.1cm$^{3}$/g。 + +[0034] 在一实例中,所述开孔的体积$V_{2}$为$0.0005cm^{3}/g-0.05cm^{3}/g$。 + +[0035] 在本发明中,所述硅碳复合颗粒可以包括核壳结构。如图2所示为本发明一实例中硅碳复合颗粒的透射电子显微镜(TEM)镜图,从图中可以看出,硅碳复合颗粒的内核处硅与碳均为无定形态,分布较为均匀致密,没有明显的相界面;内核外表面具有一层厚度约为10nm的外壳。 + +[0036] 在本发明中,所述核壳结构的内核可以包括碳元素和硅元素。所述核壳结构的外壳可以包括碳元素。 + +[0037] 在一实例中,所述内核包括多孔碳以及位于所述多孔碳孔隙中的硅材料。 + +[0038] 在一实例中,所述外壳包括无定形碳。 + +[0039] 在本发明中,所述硅碳复合颗粒可以包括氧元素。在硅碳复合颗粒中掺杂氧元素,能够增加硅碳复合颗粒与锂离子之间的反应位点,从而提高锂离子扩散系数。 + +[0040] 在本发明中,在所述硅碳复合颗粒中,硅元素的质量含量$C_2$和氧元素的质量含量$C_1$的比值$C_2/C_1$可以为10.5-26500,例如为10.5、13.3、20、21.6、30、40、50、60、70、80、90、100、200、300、400、500、600、650、700、800、900、1000、2000、3000、4000、5000、6000、7000、8000、9000、10000、20000或26500。 + +[0041] 在一实例中,$C_{2}/C_{1}$ 为 13.3-650。 + +[0042] 在一实例中,$C_{2}/C_{1}$ 为21.6-400。 + +[0043] 通过控制$C_{2}/C_{1}$能够使负极活性材料兼顾克容量以及离子导电性。氧元素的掺杂能够提升硅碳复合颗粒中锂离子的扩散系数,这不仅能够提高负极活性材料整体的离子电导率,还有利于容量发挥;但是过多的氧元素会占据硅元素的质量,从而会减少负极活性材料的克容量,因此,需要对硅元素的含量和氧元素的含量进行调控,使其满足特定的范围,在该范围内,负极活性材料能够兼顾克容量以及导电性,从而提高电池的能量密度和倍率性能。 + +[0044] 在本发明中,所述硅碳复合颗粒中硅元素的质量含量$C_2$可以为30%-75%,例如为30%、35%、40%、45%、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%或75%。 + +[0045] 在一实例中,$C_{2}$ 为40%-65%。 + +[0046] 在本发明中,所述硅碳复合颗粒中氧元素的质量含量C₁可以为20ppm-50000ppm,例如为20ppm、30ppm、40ppm、50ppm、60ppm、70ppm、80ppm、90ppm、100ppm、200ppm、300ppm、400ppm、500ppm、600ppm、700ppm、800ppm、900ppm、1000ppm、2000ppm、3000ppm、4000ppm、5000ppm、6000ppm、7000ppm、8000ppm、9000ppm、10000ppm、20000ppm、30000ppm、40000ppm或50000ppm。 + +[0047] 在一实例中,$C_{1}$ 为 1000ppm-30000ppm。 + +[0048] 在本发明中,所述硅碳复合颗粒中硅元素的质量含量$C_{2}$和氧元素的质量含量$C_{1}$可以通过本领域常规的方法测试得到,例如通过扫描电镜能谱(SEM-EDS)。 + +[0049] 在本发明中,所述硅碳复合颗粒还可以包括钾元素、钙元素和钠元素中的至少一种。 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00092.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00092.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9460826cc6c2b1cf6a222803b6c437dde6fef6dc --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00092.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + + +图3 + + + +图4 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00093.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00093.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..16569542b927574c88a101751021eae54b01c6e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00093.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +变换得到所述查询图像在所述目标3D心脏CT空间中的候选位置; + +[0014] 在目标3D心脏CT空间中的候选位置处进行图像重采样,得到候选图像切面,以生成候选数据库; + +[0015] 利用图像相似度算法,在所述候选数据库中找到与所述查询图像相似度最高的候选图像切面,并将这一候选图像切面的位置作为所述查询图像的定位结果,以完成3D心脏CT中切面的自动定位。 + +[0016] 可选地,基于对齐到统一空间中的3D心脏CT图像生成标准3D心脏图谱,具体包括: +[0017] 在所有3D心脏CT空间中随机选择一个CT空间作为CT图像参考空间,并将所有剩余的3D心脏CT图像均通过对称微分同胚可变形非线性配准算法对齐到所述CT图像参考空间中; + +[0018] 利用平均算法基于对齐到所述CT图像参考空间中的所有CT图像生成所述标准3D心脏图谱。 + +[0019] 可选地,利用平均算法基于对齐到所述CT图像参考空间中的所有CT图像生成所述标准3D心脏图谱,具体包括:: + +[0020] 对对齐到所述CT图像参考空间中的所有CT图像进行平均处理,得到初始模板; + +[0021] 采用所述对称微分同胚可变形非线性配准算法,将对齐到所述CT图像参考空间中的所有CT图像配准到所述初始模板; + +[0022] 使用锐化过滤器调整所述初始模板,得到所述标准3D心脏图谱。 + +[0023] 可选地,所述定位回归网络的损失函数为: + +[0024] $Loss_{total} = GD(\hat{r}, r) + \lambda MSE(\hat{t}, t);$ + +[0025] 式中,$\lambda$ 表示平移损失的权重,r 表示真实刚性变换中的旋转,t 表示真实刚性变换中的平移,$\hat{r}$ 表示预测的刚性变换中的旋转,$\hat{t}$ 表示预测的刚性变换中的平移,$GD(\hat{r}, r)$ 表示预测的刚性变换中的旋转$\hat{r}$和真实刚性变换中的旋转之间的测地距离误差,$MSE(\hat{t}, t)$ 表示预测的刚性变换中的平移和真实刚性变换中的平移 $\hat{t}$ 之间的均方误差,$Loss_{total}$ 表示用于损失值。 + +[0026] 可选地,所述查询图像在所述目标3D心脏CT空间中的候选位置表示为: + +[0027] $\widehat{p}_{q}^{v_{c}}=RT\times\widehat{p}_{q}^{R};$ + +[0028] 式中,$\widehat{p}_{q}^{V_{c}}$ 表示候选位置,RT 表示标准3D心脏图谱和目标3D心脏CT空间的刚性变换,$\widehat{p}_{q}^{R}$ 表示查询图像在图谱空间中的切面位置。 + +[0029] 可选地,与所述查询图像相似度最高的候选图像切面表示为: + +[0030] $\hat{s}_{q}^{v} = \arg\max_{s_{i}^{c}} (SSIM\{s_{i}^{c}, q\}), i = \{1, \cdots, m\};$ + +[0031] 式中,$\hat{s}_{q}^{v}$ 表示与所述查询图像相似度最高的候选图像切面,$s_{i}^{c}$ 表示候选数据库中的第 i 个候选图像切面,m 表示候选图像切面的个数,$SSIM\{s_{i}^{c}, q\}$ 表示第 i 个候选图像切面 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00094.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00094.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b536d487bab0347eae1f83e22ea13ae0d293b0e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00094.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +[0072] $\mathrm{L o s s}_{\mathrm{t o t a l}}=\mathrm{G D}(\hat{\mathrm{r}},\mathrm{r})+\lambda\mathrm{M S E}(\hat{\mathrm{t}},\mathrm{t})$。 + +[0073] 式中,$\lambda$表示平移损失的权重,$r$表示真实刚性变换中的旋转,$t$表示真实刚性变换中的平移,$\hat{r}$表示预测的刚性变换中的旋转,$\hat{t}$表示预测的刚性变换中的平移,$GD(\hat{r},r)$表示预测的刚性变换中的旋转$\hat{r}$和真实刚性变换中的旋转$\hat{r}$之间的测地距离误差,$MSE(\hat{t},t)$表示预测的刚性变换中的平移$\hat{t}$和真实刚性变换中的平移$\hat{t}$之间的均方误差,$Loss_{total}$表示用作损失值。 + +[0074] 本申请另一个示例性的实施例中,为了实现查询图像的粗定位,本申请上述提供的步骤204可由步骤501~步骤504代替: + +[0075] 步骤501:查询图像q被输入到训练好的定位回归网络PosNet中,得到查询图像q在标准3D心脏图谱$\mathcal{R}$中的位置,记为$\hat{\mathbf{p}}_{q}^{\mathcal{R}}$: + +[0076] $\hat{p}_{q}^{\mathcal{R}} = \gamma(q; \mu).$ + +[0077] 步骤502:标准3D心脏图谱$\mathcal{R}$以及查询图像q在标准3D心脏图谱$\mathcal{R}$中的位置$\hat{p}_{q}^{\mathcal{R}}$组成查询图像q的图谱提示$\left\{\mathcal{R}, \hat{p}_{q}^{\mathcal{R}}\right\}$。 + +[0078] 步骤503:对于粗定位,标准3D心脏图谱$\mathcal{R}$被刚性配准到目标3D心脏CT空间$\nu$中去得到两者之间的刚性变换RT。 + +[0079] 步骤504:刚性变换RT被应用到位置$\hat{p}_q^{\mathcal{R}}$从而得到目标3D心脏CT空间$\nu$中的粗位置(即候选位置),记为$\hat{p}_q^{\nu_c}$:$\hat{p}_q^{\nu_c} = RT \times \hat{p}_q^{\mathcal{R}}$。 + +[0080] 本申请另一个示例性的实施例中,在粗定位之后,为了实现查询图像的精定位,以便通过图谱提示的引导由粗到细的方式实现在3D心脏CT中的任意切面的自动定位,本申请上述提供的步骤205和步骤206可以采用步骤601~步骤602代替; + +[0081] 步骤601:在目标3D心脏CT空间v中的粗位置(即候选位置)处重采样候选图像切面形成候选数据库。 + +[0082] 步骤602:利用图像相似度去查询最相似的切面$\hat{S}_{q}^{v}$,并进一步得到目标3D心脏CT中切面的位置。这里采用的图像相似度方法是结构相似度,它是人类视觉系统对结构相似度的表示,从亮度、对比度、结构等方面评估图像的相似度。 + +[0083] 其中,与查询图像相似度最高的候选图像切面表示为: + +[0084] $\widehat{s}_{q}^{V}=\operatorname*{argmax}_{s_{i}^{c}}\left(S S I M\{s_{i}^{c},q\}\right),i=\{1,\cdots,m\}$。 + +[0085] 式中,$\hat{S}_{q}^{V}$ 表示与查询图像相似度最高的候选图像切面,$S_{i}^{c}$ 表示候选数据库中的第 $i$ 个候选图像切面,$m$ 表示候选图像切面的个数,$SSIM[S_{i}^{c}, q]$ 表示第 $i$ 个候选图像切面 $S_{i}^{c}$ 和查询图像 $q$ 的图像相似度。 + +[0086] 综上,在产生的对应查询图像q的图谱提示的引导下,通过标准3D心脏图谱$\mathcal{R}$和目 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00095.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00095.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e1dcb02102c5edbb3a5a3bf410e378ef5945b459 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00095.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +(19) 国家知识产权局 + + + +## (12) 发明专利申请 + + + +(10) 申请公布号 CN 119322473 A + +(43) 申请公布日 2025.01.17 + +(21) 申请号 202411355989.8 + +(22) 申请日 2024.09.27 + +(71) 申请人 宜宾凯翼汽车有限公司 + +地址 644000 四川省宜宾市临港经济技术 + +开发区长江北路西段附四段7号 + +(72) 发明人 吕忠波 + +(74) 专利代理机构 芜湖安汇知识产权代理有限 + +公司 34107 + +专利代理师 赵中英 + +(51) Int. Cl. + +G05B 19/042(2006.01) + +B60R 16/023(2006.01) + +权利要求书1页 说明书5页 附图1页 + +## (54) 发明名称 + +一种车辆智能座舱算力调度释放方法及座舱域控制器 + + + +## (57) 摘要 + +本发明公开了一种车辆智能座舱算力调度释放方法及座舱域控制器,包括采集车辆实时状态,基于车辆实时状态对座舱算力进行调度控制;将与车辆实时状态相匹配的座舱功能配置为允许运行,将与车辆实时状态不匹配的座舱功能配置为禁止运行或后台运行或后台延时后退出运行。通过算力调度释放来满足智能座舱系统对于算力的需求,减少或避免算力不足造成的域控功能的响应延迟。 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00096.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00096.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f87f72d878035e3adafbae4487325b65963e3f30 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00096.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +[0031] + +
序号策略应用逻辑
1白名单Launcher、System UI(状态栏+负一屏+导航栏)、空调、蓝牙电话、语音1、增加判断前后台;2、增加后台计时;3、增加切换到前台,计时清零;
2二级黑名单个人中心、K歌应用、在线音乐、在线视频1、增加判断前后台;2、增加后台计时;3、增加切换到前台,计时清零;
3一级黑名单用户手册、工程模式、多媒体、USB视频、USB图片、系统升级1、增加判断前后台;2、增加后台计时;3、增加切换到前台,计时清零;
4一级黑名单策略在一级黑名单中的APP在后台运行2分钟,调用系统接口退出;1、增加kill进程接口;
5二级黑名单策略在二级黑名单中的APP在后台运行5分钟,调用系统接口退出;1、增加kill进程接口;
6音频/音视频互斥机制退出多媒体应用互斥:收音机/本地音乐/蓝牙音乐 多媒体和视频应用互斥/
+ +[0032] 根据多媒体相关的域控功能的重要程度设置黑名单,黑名单中的域控功能在后台运行达到设定时间后,调用进程关闭接口关闭对应的功能。将黑名单划分为多个等级,每个等级黑名单中的功能后台运行允许的设定时间不同,根据功能的重要程度设置对应的设定时间阈值。 + +[0033] 白名单中的功能包括 launcher、System UI(状态栏、负一屏、导航栏)、空调、蓝牙电话、语音等功能,针对这些功能,保持前台运行持续工作,后台允许运行时间尽可能长,从而保证功能在后台也可以长时间运行;当这些功能由前台切换至后台时,保持运行且对后台运行时间进行计时,直至达到白名单计时阈值,达到后台计时阈值则将对应的功能调用 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00097.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00097.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0123ca7c7f350ce85731b5ebe0a15c27aa036842 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00097.md @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +其中:$r$为管道最大磨蚀率$mm/a$; + +T为管道最大磨蚀处的壁厚,单位mm; + +$d$ 为管道最大腐蚀深度,单位 $mm$; + +W表示原煤年输送量,单位Wt;其中,长距离输煤管道设计年输送量通常为1000万吨; + +Q为原煤输送量,单位Wt。 + +[0030] 步骤2.3、待步骤2.2中的扫描结束后在被检测管道管体处重新设置保温层。 + +[0031] 步骤3、计算步骤1中各个重点检测位置处的管道最小允许壁厚t; + +步骤3中管道最小允许壁厚t的计算方法具体为: + +分别采用磨蚀余量计算方法和管道承压计算方法同时计算管道的最小允许壁厚值,将得到的两个数值进行比较,选择最大值作为步骤1中对应重点检测位置处的管道最小允许壁厚t。 + +[0032] 其中,磨蚀余量计算方法具体为: + +$$t = T_{S} - C \tag{2}$$ + +其中t为钢管的最小允许壁厚,单位mm; + +$T_s$为管道设计壁厚,单位mm; + +C为管道30年的磨蚀余量,单位mm。 + +[0033] 管道承压计算方法具体为: + +$$t = \frac{P * D}{2K \varphi \partial_s} \tag{3}$$ + +其中:$t$为钢管的最小允许壁厚,单位$mm$; + +P 为管道最大承压,单位MPa; + +D 为管道的外径,单位mm; + +K 为设计系数,一般地区取 0.72,城镇郊区和站区内取0.6; + +分别采用磨蚀余量计算方法和管道承压计算方法同时计算管道的最小允许壁厚值,将得到的两个数值进行比较,选择最大值作为步骤1中重点检测位置处的管道最小允许壁厚t,通过同时采用两种计算管道最小允许壁厚t的方法,相互印证,并选择最大值参与预测长距离管道服役年限N,最终得到的管道服役年限较小,避免因预测的长距离管道服役年限过大,导致管道提前被腐蚀。 + +[0034] 步骤4、根据管道最大磨蚀率r和管道最小允许壁厚t计算长距离管道服役年限N。 + +[0035] 步骤4中计算各个重点检测位置处的管道服役年限的具体方法如下: + +$$N = \frac{T - t}{r} \tag{4}$$ + +其中:$N$为长距离管道服役年限; + +T为管道最大磨蚀处的壁厚; + +$t$为管道的最小允许壁厚; + +$r$为最大磨蚀率。 diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00098.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00098.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e0147928828428a0d69fe7f253fd6a5da2a88086 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00098.md @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +
设计壁厚最大磨蚀量mm最大磨蚀率mm/a测点管道最大承压最小允许壁厚预计服务年限/按最小
11.900.620.359411.0110.362.5
+ +[0041] 实施例3 + +本实施例中选取截断阀室1和压力监测点作为重点检测位置,并在截断阀室1和压力监测点所在位置处分别随机选取8个测量点位进行测量,具体如下表5和表6: + +表5 截断阀室1的测量点位选择表 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
截断阀室1
测量位置点1点2点3点4点5点6点7点8
管道壁厚17.5517.4017.6117.5317.9517.2517.4717.54
+ +[0042] + +表6 压力监测点的测量点位选择表 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
压力监测点
测量位置点1点2点3点4点5点6点7点8
管道壁厚16.5416.5216.3116.6815.7515.6316.8716.68
+ +[0043] 通过对上述表5和表6中各个点位测量,根据测量结果计算管道最大磨蚀率r、管道最小允许壁厚t,并预测长距离管道服役年限N,具体如下表6;表7 截断阀室1和压力监测点所在长距离管道服役年限N + +
设计壁厚mm最大腐蚀量mm最大磨蚀率mm/a测点管道最大承压最小允许壁厚mm预计服务年限/按最小预测长距离管段服役年限N/最小
截断阀室117.50.250.144416.915.919.38.4
压力监测点15.900.270.156015.2114.328.4
+ +9 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00099.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00099.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..021c5d1ca1cc9a0320099ae239a746c9c17d84f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00099.md @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +(19) 国家知识产权局 + + + +## (12) 发明专利 + + + +(10)授权公告号 CN 118882867B + +(45) 授权公告日 2025.01.17 + +(21) 申请号 202411396686.0 + +(22) 申请日 2024.10.09 + +(65) 同一申请的已公布的文献号 + +申请公布号 CN118882867A + +(43) 申请公布日 2024.11.01 + +(73)专利权人 新上联半导体设备(上海)有限公司 + +地址 201306 上海市浦东新区中国(上海) + +自由贸易试验区临港新片区飞渡路55号2幢厂房A单元 + +(72) 发明人 王文岩 李浩 + +(74) 专利代理机构 北京清大紫荆知识产权代理 + +有限公司 11718 + +专利代理师 余中燕 + +(51) Int. Cl. + +G01K 15/00 (2006.01) + +G01K 13/00 (2021.01) + +H01L 21/67(2006.01) + +G06F 18/22 (2023.01) + +(56)对比文件 + +CN 117727477 A,2024.03.19 + +CN 105466603 A,2016.04.06 + +审查员 梅潇 + +权利要求书1页 说明书5页 附图2页 + +## (54) 发明名称 + +一种用于半导体设备更换高温计场景的温度补偿方法 + +## (57) 摘要 + + + +本发明提供一种用于半导体设备更高温晶圆计量的温度补偿方法,通过在更换高温计之前对目标温度预测算法的准确性进行验证,当高温计更换之后,通过半导体设备运行标准测试工艺,并通过各测量点设置的第二高温计测量得到晶圆对应位置的测量温度,同时检测不同测量温度下对应加热元件的加热功率,并基于目标温度预测算法,根据所述加热功率预测得到晶圆对应位置的目标温度;而后基于各测量温度及其对应的目标温度,对相应第二高温计的读数进行补偿,以得到第二高温计的最终测量值。本发明能够根据目标温度对第二高温计的读数进行补偿,从而提高第二高温计最终测量值的准确性。 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00100.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00100.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2823d4134ae1a39009030247a3a8bf6af7e71c0c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00100.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +1. 一种面向机器人精确轨迹跟踪的数据驱动误差跟踪迭代学习控制方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤: + +步骤1. 建立重复运行机器人的动力学方程: + +$$J\ddot{\theta}_k(t) + C\dot{\theta}_k(t) + mgl\cos\theta_k(t) = \tau_k(t) \tag{1}$$ + +其中,$t$表示时间,$k$表示重复运行的次数;$\theta_k(t)$,$\dot{\theta}_k(t)$和$\ddot{\theta}_k(t)$分别表示单关节机器人第$k$次迭代时的实际关节角位移,关节角速度和关节加速度,$J$表示有界的转动惯量,$C$表示离心力和哥氏力,$m$和$l$分别表示机器人的质量和长度,$g$表示重力加速度,$\tau_k(t)$表示机器人第$k$次迭代时的输入力矩; + +步骤2,建立重复运行机器人的离散动态模型,过程如下: + +2.1 选择采样周期 $T_s$,对式(1)中的 $\dot{\theta}_k(t)$和$\ddot{\theta}_k(t)$ 进行离散化,得 $\dot{\theta}_k(t)=\frac{\theta_k(t+1)-\theta_k(t)}{T_s}$,$\ddot{\theta}_k(t)=\frac{\dot{\theta}_k(t+1)-\dot{\theta}_k(t)}{T_s}$;进一步地,有: + +$$ +\left\{ +\begin{aligned} +\dot{\theta}_k(t) &= \frac{\theta_k(t+1) - \theta_k(t)}{T_s} \\ +\ddot{\theta}_k(t) &= \frac{\theta_k(t+2) - 2\theta_k(t+1) + \theta_k(t)}{T_s^2} +\end{aligned} +\right. +\tag{2} +$$ + +2.2 将式(2)代入式(1)中,经过数学变换,得到机器人模型的离散形式: + +$$\begin{cases}x_{1,k}(m+1)=x_{2,k}(m)\\x_{2,k}(m+1)=\left(2-\frac{C}{J}T_{s}\right)x_{2,k}(m)+\left(\frac{C}{J}T_{s}-1\right)x_{1,k}(m)-\frac{T_{s}^{2}}{J}mgl\cos x_{1,k}(m)+\frac{T_{s}^{2}}{J}u_{k}(m)\\y_{k}(m)=x_{1,k}(m)\end{cases} \tag{3}$$ + +其中,$m \in T_{N}$ 为离散的时间点;$T_{N} = \{0, 1, \cdots, N\}$,N 是有限的正整数,代表每次迭代的运行周期;$x_{1,k}(m) = \theta_{k}(m)$,$x_{2,k}(m) = \theta_{k}(m+1)$,$u_{k}(m) = \tau_{k}(m)$,$y_{k}(m) = \theta_{k}(m)$; + +2.3 定义状态变量 $x_k(m) = [x_{1,k}(m), x_{2,k}(m)]^T$,则式(3)进一步转化为如下非线性离散动态模型: + +$$\begin{cases} x_k(m+1) = f(x_k(m), u_k(m)) \\ y_k(m) = h(x_k(m)) \end{cases} \tag{4}$$ + +其中,$u_{k}(m)\in\mathbb{R},y_{k}(m)\in\mathbb{R}$ 和 $x_{k}(m)\in\mathbb{R}^{2}$ 分别表示机器人系统在第 k 次迭代下 m 时刻对应的控制输入、位置输出和状态向量;非线性函数 $f(\cdot)$ 和 $h(\cdot)$ 分别表示机器人的位置输出和状态的关系以及状态和控制输入的关系;考虑针对式 (4) 中函数 $f(\cdot)$ 和 $h(\cdot)$ 信息未知的情形,只利用机器人的输入输出数据信息来设计控制器,实现数据驱动控制; + +步骤3,将机器人非线性动态模型转化为线性动态模型,过程如下: + +3.1 根据机器人动态系统(4),输入和输出关系由如下代数函数表达式表示: diff --git a/markdowns/research_patent_00101.md b/markdowns/research_patent_00101.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..85d4584e7f8e8b2f82afabfc0d9d6e30b82d634c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_patent_00101.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +(19) 国家知识产权局 + + +## (12) 发明专利申请 + + + +(10) 申请公布号 CN 119324087 A + +(43) 申请公布日 2025.01.17 + +(21) 申请号 202411493879.8 + +(22) 申请日 2024.10.24 + +(71) 申请人 李灿 + +地址 416800 湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治 + +州龙山县民安街道湘鄂路 + +(72) 发明人 李灿 杨欢 周海洋 + +(51) Int.Cl. + +H01B 7/18 (2006.01) + +H01B 7/17(2006.01) + +H01B 7/28 (2006.01) + +H01B 7/02 (2006.01) + +H01B 7/04 (2006.01) + +H01B 3/04 (2006.01) + +B08B 1/30 (2024.01) + +H01R 11/11 (2006.01) + +权利要求书1页 说明书5页 附图6页 + +## (54) 发明名称 + +一种耐磨型防潮电缆 + + + +## (57) 摘要 + +本发明公开了一种耐磨型防潮电缆,包括设置的电缆内芯、支撑座和电缆外芯;所述电缆内芯外侧通过支撑座连接有电缆外芯,所述支撑座上安装有限位组件,所述限位组件包括开设在支撑座上的第一通槽,所述支撑座上开设有第二通槽,所述支撑座侧端开设有置物槽,所述置物槽内部安装有支撑块,通过限位组件的第一通槽与第二通槽的配合将电缆内芯进行限位。该耐磨型防潮电缆,电缆内芯外侧通过支撑座进行防护,不仅减少了由于电缆内芯之间距离太近导致的短路问题,并且减少了电缆内芯之间产生摩擦导致的电缆的损坏和老化问题,电缆内芯通过支撑座进行限位,方便后期进行电缆的使用,减少了电缆内芯移动后导致布线不便与信号串扰的问题。 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00001.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00001.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f53a02ce6b2cf964f4a14b61b2775d23dfe13851 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00001.md @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +绘制圆形或者椭圆: + +arc()方法创建弧/曲线(用于创建圆或部分圆)。 + +## ①提示 + +如需通过 $arc()$ 来创建圆,请把起始角设置为 0,结束角设置为 $2*Math.PI$,如图 7-7 所示。 + + + +图7-7 + +``` +中心:arc(100,75,50,0*Math.PI,1.5*Math.PI) + +起始角:$\mathrm{arc}(100,75,50,0,1.5*\mathrm{Math.PI})$ + +结束角: $arc(100, 75, 50, 0*Math.PI, 1.5*Math.PI)$ +``` + +JavaScript 语法: + +```python +context.arc(x,y,r,sangle,eangle,counterclockwise); +``` + +参数值如表7-3所示。 + +表7-3 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
参数描述
x圆的中心的x 坐标
y圆的中心的y 坐标
r圆的半径
sAngle起角,以弧度计。(弧的圆形的点时位置是0 度)
eAngle结角,以弧度计
counterclockwise可选,规定应该时针还是时针绘图,false =顺时针,true =逆时针
+ +代码清单:绘制圆形框。 + +``` + +``` +效果如图 7-26 所示。 + + + +图 7-26 diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00003.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00003.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..485aad2b8b0f784c9a2541937b2103cacd011a87 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00003.md @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +表7-16 + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
方法描述
createlmageData()创建新的,空白的ImageData 对象
getlmageData()返回ImageDuta 象,该对象力布上指定的形复制像素数据
putimageData()把图像据(从指定ImageData 对象)放回画布上
+ +createImageData() 方法,有两个版本的 createImageData() 方法: + +(1)以指定的尺寸(以像素计)创建新的 ImageData 对象: +``` +var imgData=context.createImageData(width,height); +``` + +(2)创建与指定的另一个 ImageData 对象尺寸相同的新 ImageData 对象(不会复制图像数据): +``` +var imgData=context.createImageData(imageData); +``` + +参数值如表7-17所示。 + +表 7-17 + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
参数操述
widthImageDats 对象的宽度,以像素计
heightImageData 对象的高度,以像素计
imageDuta另一个 ImageData 对象
+ +getImageData()方法: + +getImageData()方法返回 ImageData 对象,该对象拷贝了画布指定矩形的像素数据。 + +返回对象身上有 data、width、height 属性,参考如图 7-28 所示: + +data 属性:保存每个像素的 rgba 值: + +对于 ImageData 对象中的每个像素,都存在着四个信息,即 RGBA 值: + +R - 红色 (0-255) + +G - 绿色 (0-255) + +B - 蓝色 (0-255) + +A - alpha 通道 (0-255: 0 是透明的, 255 是完全可见的) + +例如这个 data 数组: +``` +[10,195,230,255,10,195,230,255,10......] +``` +数组中下标 0~3 代表第一个像素,信息依次为 rgba(10, 195, 230, 255),第二个像素为下标 4~7,后面像素依次类推。 + +height 属性:保存对象高度; + +width 属性:保存对象宽度。 + +效果如图 7-28 所示。 diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00004.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00004.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3eb0a1b5a900fe70a4b0630cdbd55a43a8f343fe --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00004.md @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +开发者必须添加 cache manifest 文件,指明需要缓存的资源。这个例子中的 cache manifest 文件为 “clock.manifest”,它声明了 3 个需要缓存的资源文件 “clock.html” “clock.css” 和 “clock.js”。 + +clock.manifest 代码: +``` +CACHE MANIFEST +clock.html +clock.css +clock.js +``` + +添加了 cache manifest 文件后,还需要修改 “clock.html”,把 标签的 manifest 属性设置为 “clock.manifest”。修改后的 “clock.html” 代码如下: +``` +html manifest="clock.manifest"> +Clock + + +

The time is:

+``` + +修改后,当用户在线访问 “clock.html” 时,浏览器会缓存 “clock.html” “clock.css” 和 “clock.js” 文件;而当用户离线访问时,这个 Web 应用也可以正常使用了。 + +下面说明书写 cache manifest 文件需要遵循的格式。 + +·首行必须是 CACHE MANIFEST. + +· 之后,每一行列出一个需要缓存的资源文件名 + +· 可根据需要列出在线访问的白名单。白名单中的所有资源不会被缓存,在使用时将直接在线访问。声明白名单使用 NETWORK:标识符。 + +● 如果在白名单后还要补充需要缓存的资源,可以使用 CACHE:标识符。 + +·如果要声明某 URI 不能访问时的替补 URI,可以使用 FALLBACK:标识符。其后的每一行包含两个 URI,当第一个 URI 不可访问时,浏览器将尝试使用第二个 URI。 + +·注释要另起一行,以#号开头。 + +cache manifest 示例: +``` +CACHE MANIFEST +# 上一行是必须书写的. +images/sound-icon.png +images/background.png +NETWORK: comm.cgi +CACHE: style/default.css +FALLBACK: /files/projects /projects +``` + +更新缓存: + +应用程序可以等待浏览器自动更新缓存,也可以使用 Javascript 接口手动触发更新 + +● 自动更新 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00005.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00005.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c0f6eeaccfe0c908c1cada90d0f1a5716566b7ad --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00005.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +URL 处在哪一种状态,所以必定要有一个属性来记录当前路由的状态。 + +## 4. state 属性 +``` + + + +``` +这个属性能记录一些状态信息,但是它并不会自己记录,一般来说它的值是null,如果你想让它有值的话,还记得前面的replaceState()方法与pushState()这两个方法吗?这两个方法分别有三个参数,其中第一个参数,可以设置一个对象(自定义),在这个对象里面保存的状态信息,可以在history.state里面返回,当你得到你自己设置的状态信息时,即可进行下一步的事情了。 + +## 11.3 history 新特性结合 ajax 增强单页面体验 + +前面两节已经将所需的知识点做了完善的铺垫,那么,接下来我们通过一个小案例,来加深对 history 新特性的理解。 + +(1) 先在页面当中创建 3 个按钮: +``` +
    +``` +在浏览器里面会出现如下样式,如图 11-1 所示。 + + + +图 11-1 + +(2)放一个容器到 HTML 页面中,用于点击按钮的时候盛放不同的内容: + +为了使页面样式更直观,添加一些 CSS 样式,如图 11-2 所示。 + + + +图 11-2 diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00006.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00006.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..75a8c872c94f264c4353e84032f71aaa3415c539 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00006.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +``` + game.load.spritesheet('pipe','assets/pipes.png',54,320,2); //管道 + game.load.bitmapFont('flappy_font', +'assets/fonts/flappyfont/flappyfont.png', +'assets/fonts/flappyfont/flappyfont.fnt'); + game.load.audio('fly_sound', 'assets/flap.wav');//飞翔的音效 + game.load.audio('score_sound', 'assets/score.wav');//得分的音效 + game.load.audio('hit_pipe_sound', 'assets/pipe-hit.wav'); //撞击管道的音效 + game.load.audio('hit_ground_sound', 'assets/ouch.wav'); //撞击地面的音效 + + game.load.image('ready_text','assets/get-ready.png'); + game.load.image('play_tip','assets/instructions.png'); + game.load.image('game_over','assets/gameover.png'); + game.load.image('score_board','assets/scoreboard.png'); + } + this.create = function(){ + game.state.start('menu'); + } + } + + game.States.menu = function() { + this.create = function(){ + game.add.tileSprite(0,0,game.width,game.height,'background').autoScroll(-10,0); //背景图 + game.add.tileSprite(0,game.height-112,game.width,112,'ground').autoScroll(-100,0); //地板 + var titleGroup = game.add.group(); //创建存放标题的组 + titleGroup.create(0,0,'title'); //标题 + var bird = titleGroup.create(190, 10, 'bird'); //添加bird 到组里 + bird.animations.add('fly'); //添加动画 + bird.animations.play('fly',12,true); //播放动画 + titleGroup.x = 35; + titleGroup.y = 100; + game.add.tween(titleGroup).to({ y:120 },1000,null,true,0,Number.MAX_VALUE,true); //标题的缓动动画 + var btn = +game.add.button(game.width/2,game.height/2,'btn',function(){//开始按钮 + game.state.start('play'); + }); + btn.anchor.setTo(0.5,0.5); + } + } + + game.States.play = function() { + this.create = function(){ + this.bg = game.add.tileSprite(0,0,game.width,game.height,'background'); +//背景图 +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00007.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00007.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3d456d71200fd26c84f069aac4779a573916c462 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00007.md @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +``` +
  • 首页
  • +
  • 电视
  • +
  • 平板
  • +
  • 路由器
  • +
  • 笔记本
  • + + +``` + +(6) article 标签用于表示一篇文章的主体内容,一般为文字集中显示的区域。 + +代码示例: + +``` +
    +
    +

    文章的標題

    + +
    +

    文章的內容

    +
    +``` + +## 2. 块级性标签 + +块级性标签(block tag)主要完成 Web 页面区域的划分,确保内容的有效分隔,这类标签包括以下几个。 + +(1)aside 标签是用以表达注记、贴士、侧栏、摘要、插入的引用等作为补充主体的内容。从一个简单页面显示上看,就是侧边栏,可以在左边,也可以在右边。从一个页面的局部看,就是摘要。 + +代码示例: + +``` + +``` + +(2)figure 标签规定独立的流内容(图像、图表、照片等),通常与 figcaption 联合使用。 + +代码示例: +``` +
    +
    風景圖的標題
    + 風景圖 +
    +``` + +(3) code 标签表示一段代码块。 + +代码示例: + +``` +一段电脑代码 +``` +(4)dialog 标签定义对话框或窗口,配合\
    、\
    标签使用。它的属性 open 规定 dialog 元素是活动的,用户可与之交互。 + +代码示例: \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00008.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00008.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7d8b6211f0657899afac90e6c4109cd447793902 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00008.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + +
    css选择器
    IE6IE8IE9IE1145509.136479.2
    ::first-letter××
    ::first-line×××
    :selection×××
    :in-range××××
    :out-of-range××××
    :matches××××
    [foo^="bar"]××
    [foo$="bar"]××
    [foo*="bar"]××
    :root××
    :nth-child××
    :nth-last-child××
    :nth-of-type××
    :nth-last-of-type××
    :first-child××
    :last-child××
    :first-of-type××
    :last-of-type××
    :only-child××
    :only-of-type××
    :empty××
    :target××
    :enabled××
    :disabled××
    :checked××
    :not××
    + +图 2-6 CSS 3 选择器的支持情况 + +## 2.4.3 HTML5 Web 应用程序 + +如图 2-7 所示,Chrome 与 Opera 对 Web 应用程序的支持是最好的,Firefox 与 Safari 相比,多了支持 Web Animations API、Web RTC Peer-to-peer Connections,Android 的支持情况又比 iOS 的好。从这些浏览器对 Web 应用程序的支持情况这一方面来看,也挺让开发人员激动的了。 + + + +
    css选择器
    IE6IE8IE9IE1145509.136479.2
    drag and drop××
    touch event××××××
    file API×××
    geolocation××
    web animations API××××××
    web media API××××
    web cryptography×××
    web MIDI API×××××××
    web sockets×××
    web storage
    name/value pairs
    ×
    web workers×××
    W3C Peer-to-peer connections××××××
    + +图 2-7 HTML5 Web 应用程序的支持情况 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00009.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00009.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1f7fba65a6ed50be9f2345e40674f47aeb85ca5a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00009.md @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +``` + var pw1=password1.value; + //获取第二次输入密码的结果 + var pw2=password2.value; + //如果两次输入不相同 + if(pw1!=pw2){ + //显示错误提示 + notice[1].style.display="block"; + //禁用提交按钮 + submit.disabled=true; + }else{ + //否则隐藏错误提示 + notice[1].style.display="none"; + submit.disabled=false; + } + } + // 表单提交之后将数据保存到数据库中 + form.onsubmit=function(){ + // 实例化 ajax 对象 + var xhr=new XMLHttpRequest(); + //配置 ajax 请求 + xhr.open("post","insert.php"); + //设置头信息 + xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); + //发送请求 + xhr.send("user="+account.value+"&pass="+password2.value); + //监听 ajax 状态变化 + xhr.onreadystatechange=function(){ + //如果响应完成 + if(xhr.readyState==4){ + //如果响应成功 + if(xhr.status==200){ + //接收响应的数据 + var text=xhr.responseText + //如果为 1 则说明注册成功; + if(text==1){ + // 成功之后弹出并且页面跳转到登录页 + alert("注册成功") + location.href="login.html" + } + } + } + } + } +``` +注册成功之后就是登录部分,在登录部分依然是通过 js 获取输入的内容,通过 ajax 发送之后与数据库的数据进行对比。代码如下: \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00010.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00010.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b7afa9cb7e2d5f6ff2947907251823e60c2990e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00010.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +type: 当前 File 对象所引用文件的文件类型(MIME 类型)。 + +利用这些属性可以轻易的完成一些关于文件上传类型,上传大小,文件格式等常见的验证判断。 + +## 4.1.2 FormData + +通常我们提交(使用 submit button)时,会把 form 中的所有的表单元素的 name 与 value 组成一个查询字符串,提交到后台。但当我们使用 Ajax 提交时,这个过程就要变成人工的了。因此,FormData 对象的出现可以减少一些工作量。 + +修改或者获取 FormData 有三种方式: + +(1)创建一个空的 FormData 对象,然后再用 append 方法逐个添加键值对。 +``` +var formdata=new FormData(); +Formdata.append("name","zhangsan"); +Formdata.append(fileobj); +``` +(2)获取到 form 元素对象,将它作为参数传递到 FormData 中。 +``` +var formobj=document.querySelect("form"); +var formdata=new FormData(formobj); +``` +(3)利用 form 元素对象的 getFormData 方法生成。 +``` +var formobj=document.querySelector("form"); +var formData=formobj.getFormData(); +``` +## 4.1.3 File Reader + +使用 File Reader 对象 Web 应用程序可以异步的读取存储在用户计算机上的文件(或者原始数据缓冲)内容,可以使用 File 对象或者 Blob 对象来指定所要处理的文件或数据。其中 File 对象可以是来自用户在一个 \ 元素上选择文件后返回的 FileList 对象,也可以来自拖拽操作生成的 dataTransfer 对象,还可以是来自在一个 HTMLCanvasElement 上执行 mozGetAsFile() 方法后的返回结果。 + +要得到一个 File Reader 对象很简单: +``` +var fr=new FileReader(); +``` +File Reader 对象有四个方法:abort、readAsDataURL、readAsText、readAsBinaryString,其中 abort()用于停止操作,后面三个分别表示将文件读取为 DataURL、读取为文本、读取为二进制编码。无论读取成功或失败,这几个方法都不会返回任何结果,返回的结果存储在对象的 result 属性当中。 + +File Reader 对象还有一系列的事件用来检测读取的状态,包括 onabort 中断、onerror 出错、onloadstart 开始、onprogress 正在读取、onload 成功读取、onloadend 读取完成,不论是否成功都会触发。 diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00011.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00011.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eaaab951943076fb7e0df07bb8296df7bd9a68b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00011.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + + +图 4-7 + +## 4.2.7 ondrop 事件 + +表示拖拽对象被投放在投放区域后触发的事件,作用于投放区域。需要注意的是,需要使用 ondrop 事件时,必须把 ondragover 事件的浏览器默认行为阻止掉。例如: +``` +...同上 +demo2.ondrop=function(e){ +e.preventDefault(); +demo2.innerHTML="投放完成"; +} +demo2.ondragover=function(e){ +e.preventDefault(); +} +...同上 +``` +效果(Chrome)如图 4-8 所示。 + + + +图 4-8 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00012.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00012.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5905e088ff6179af202e77693abe85d6c85e99e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00012.md @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +HTML5 + +实战宝典 + +添加方式一: +``` +localStorage.name="zhangsan"; +``` +添加方式二: +``` +localStorage["age"]="17"; +``` +添加方式三: +``` +localStorage.setItem("sex","man"); +``` +测试添加结果(Chrome)如图 5-1 所示: + + + +图 5-1 + +## 3. 如何获取数据 + +获取方式与设置方式对应,也有三种方式。 + +获取方式一: +``` +var val1=localStorage.name; +``` +获取方式二: +``` +var val2=localStorage["age"]; +``` +获取方式三: +``` +var val3=localStorage.getItem("sex"); +``` +## 4. 如何删除数据 +``` +localStorage.removeItem("name"); +``` +清除掉所有的数据 +``` +localStorage.clear(); +``` +需要注意的问题: + +(1)localStorage 存储的数据只能是字符串,即使在存储的时候保存的是其他类型,获取到的还是一个字符串。 + +(2)假如我们想在 localStorage 中存储一个 json 格式的数据,不经过处理直接存储肯定是不可以的,我们可以使用 json 格式数据的转换方法 JSON.stringify() 和 JSON.parse(),可以 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00013.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00013.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2762afc7f38b42ec124519178090c1be5572b363 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00013.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +第6章 HTML5 通信技术——在线五子棋实战 ................. 77 +6.1 WebSocket 概述 ................. 78 +6.2 WebSocket 的原理及运行机制 ................. 78 +6.3 在线五子棋实战 ................. 79 +第7章 HTML5 画布——在线绘图板 ................. 85 +7.1 绘制基本图形 ................. 86 +7.2 擦除 Canvas 画板 ................. 101 +7.3 绘制复杂图形 ................. 103 +7.4 绘制文本 ................. 108 +7.5 图片操作 ................. 111 +7.6 像素操作 ................. 112 +7.7 矩阵变换与坐标关系 ................. 115 +7.8 绘图板实战 ................. 118 +第8章 多媒体——自定义炫酷播放器 ................. 125 +8.1 HTML5 对多媒体的支持 ................. 126 +8.2 音频和视频标签 ................. 127 +8.3 音频和视频 API ................. 129 +8.4 播放器实战 ................. 132 +第9章 移动端触摸事件 ................. 138 +9.1 移动端事件模型 ................. 139 +9.2 移动端事件详解 ................. 141 +9.3 可拖拽轮播图 ................. 143 +第10章 离线应用 ................. 148 +10.1 离线应用场景 ................. 149 +10.2 离线资源缓存 ................. 149 +10.3 在线状态检测 ................. 151 +10.4 离线应用示例 ................. 151 +第11章 History 历史记录 ................. 157 +11.1 应用场景 ................. 158 +11.2 HTML5 历史记录详解 ................. 158 +11.3 history 新特性结合 ajax 增强单页面体验 ................. 160 diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00014.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00014.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..67954555e5efac260cc475be255ef7f23d846776 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00014.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +``` +if(AfxMessageBox("確定要退出嗎?",MB_YESNO)) == IDYES) + CDialog::OnOK(); +``` +13)编译运行并测试代码。 + +分别按\键,按快捷键,单击系统关闭按钮,单击“OK”或“Cancel”按钮进行测试。 + +14)WM_DESTROY消息。 + +WM_DESTROY的消息映射函数是OnDestroy函数。这个函数对比以上所有回调函数,是最晚接收到的回调函数。所有以上其他回调函数都发生在对话框消失之前,并且可以取消继续关闭对话框窗口。当窗口已经从视野消失后,OnDestroy回调函数才到达,而且此时已经不再可以取消窗口的关闭过程了。 + +15)在对话框模板上单击鼠标右键,在弹出的快捷菜单中,选择“Events”命令,弹出简易消息管理器,如图4-24所示。 + + + +图4-24 打开消息映射管理器 + +16)选中WM_DESTROY,单击“Add Handler”按钮,或者直接双击该消息,如图4-25所示。 + + + +图4-25 添加WM_DESTROY消息映射函数 + +17)单击 “Edit Existing” 按钮,编辑消息映射函数代码。 +``` +void CTestDlg::OnDestroy() +{ + CDialog::OnDestroy(); + AfxMessageBox("OnDestroy:对话框已经消失了!"); +} +``` +18)编译运行并测试代码。当对话框已经消失后,OnDestroy函数代码才被执行。 + +总结以上内容,关闭对话框消息的流程如图4-26所示。 diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00015.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00015.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8767d567bb159a5751be0cb147661f12d11a9669 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00015.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# VC++就业培训宝典之MFC视频教程 + + + +图4-26 关闭对话框消息的流程 + +## 第5节 MFC类库简介 + +MFC类库相当庞大,共包含200多个类,每个类中的成员函数又有数十个甚至上百个。MSDN说明书中通过“Hierarchy Chart”图表,列举了几乎全部MFC内的类名称以及派生层次。所有MFC类都是由CObject类派生的。学习MFC初期主要围绕其中的窗口类(CWnd)及相关类进行。本章涉及的MFC类库,主要包括CDialog、CWnd和CWinApp等,如图4-27所示。 + + + +图4-27 窗口类(CWnd)及其派生类 diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00016.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00016.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..af326a60c9e5e06e866407a28cf645240ff5e81a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00016.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +15)修改该消息映射函数的代码。 +``` +#ifndef IDC_HAND +#define IDC_HAND MAKEINTRESOURCE(32649) +#endif +BOOL CTpDlg::OnSetCursor(CWnd* pWnd, UINT nHitTest, UINT message) +{ + switch(pWnd -> GetDlgItem(IDC_DIALOG()) + { + case IDCOK: + SetCursor(AfxGetApp()->LoadStandardCursor(IDC_HELP)); + //等价于 SetCursor(LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_HELP)); + return TRUE; + case IDCANCEL: + SetCursor(AfxGetApp()->LoadStandardCursor(IDC_HAND)); + //等价于 SetCursor(LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_HAND)); + return TRUE; + } + return CDIALOG::OnSetCursor(pWnd, nHitTest, message); +} +``` +16)编译并运行,测试代码。 + +当鼠标光标停留在不同的控件上时,显示出不同的光标形状。在程序内导入或者自绘一个光标,就要使用CWinApp::LoadCursor函数。 + +## 第9节 读/写配置文件 (.ini) + +配置文件一般扩展名是“ini”,是一种用于简易存储数据的文本文件。普通软件一般采用二进制文件来存储数据,那样不利于文件的编辑和修改。而配置文件(.ini)是文本格式,所以可以随时在记事本中编辑和修改。 + +打开前面建立的“Tp”工程,继续演示配置文件的用途和读/写方法。 + +1)为主对话框类添加一个WM_DESTROY的消息映射函数,如图4-35所示。 + + + +图4-35 添加WM_DESTROY消息映射函数 diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00017.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00017.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..992a914a38e84c1f9073bf8891749363cfb2f05e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00017.md @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +(续) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    函数原型函数说明
    LRESULT SendMessage(UINT message,WPARAM wParam $=0,\text {LPARAM IParam}=0$);
    BOOL PostMessage(UINT message,WPARAM wParam=0,LPARAM IParam=0):
    $CDC*GetDC():$
    CDC*GetWindowDC():
    int ReleaseDC(CDC*pDC):
    void Invalidate(BOOL bErase=TRUE):
    void IrvalidateRect(LPCRECTIpRect,BOOLbErase=TRUE);
    BOOL GetUpdateRect(LPRECT pRt.BOOL bErase=FALSE);
    void UpdateWindow():
    BOOLRedrawWindow(LPCRECTroUpdate=NULL,
    CRgn'rgnUpdate=NULL.UINTflags=
    RDWERASBI RDWINVALIDATEIRDWUPDATENOWI)
    void SetRedraw(BOOL bRedraw=TRUE):
    void ClientToScreen(LPPOINT IpPoint)const:
    void ClientToScreen(LPRECT IpRect) const:
    void ScreenToClient(LPPOINT IpPoint)const:
    void ScreenToClient(LPRECT IpRect) const:
    CFont* GetFont()const;
    void SetFont(CFont*pFt, BOOL bRedraw=TRUE);
    CMenu*GetfMenu()const
    CMenu*GetSystemMenu(BOOL bRevert)const;
    BOOL SetMenu(CMenu* pMenu);
    UINT SetTimer( UINT nIDEvent, UINT nElapse, void (CALLBACK*IpfnXHWND,UINT,UINT,DWORD)X:
    BOOL KilTimer(int nIDEvent):
    +9)请在表4-7中填写CWinApp类的成员变量说明 + +表4-7 CMinApp类的成员变量说明 + +
    数据成员成员变量说明
    LPCTSTR mpszAppName;
    HINSTANCE mhinstance;
    LPTSTR mlpCmdLine;
    int mnCmdShow;
    LPCTSTR mpszProfileName;
    LPCTSTR mpszRegistryKey:
    LPCTSTR mpszExeName:
    LPCTSTR mpszHelpFilePath:
    + diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00018.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00018.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a323148dda79ede493c37e2cc5f65f8d6ed3e678 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00018.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +4)通过类向导为IDD_PRIOR_DLG建立一个对话框类“CPriorDlg”,如图5-8所示。 + + + +图5-8 创建权限管理对话框的关联类 + +5)在类视图中的CPriorDlg对话框类上单击鼠标右键,在弹出的快捷菜单中,选择“Add Member Function”命令,添加一个普通成员函数,如图5-9所示。 + + +图5-9 添加普通成员函数 + +6)填写函数名为ReadUsers,返回值是void,然后单击“OK”按钮完成添加函数,如图5-10所示。 + + +图5-10 填写函数信息 + +7)修改新添加的类成员函数的代码。 +``` +void CPriorDlg::ReadUsers(CListCtrl *pList) +{ + //从文件中读取用户列表 + CFile file; + if(!file.Open("Users.dat",CFile::modeRead)) + return; + SUser u; + int i = 0; + while(file.Read(&u, sizeof(u)) > 0) +} +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00019.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00019.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d22dd1fbac438f3ccfe3933b65b3f93471427f25 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00019.md @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +图1-7所示。 + + + +图1-7 通过Windows的“开始”菜单启动Visual C++ 6.0 + +2)执行File→New命令,或者按快捷键,如图1-8所示。 + + + +图1-8 新建工程 + +3)在弹出的新建程序向导左侧的列表中,选择新建一个控制台程序,如图1-9所示。 + + + +图1-9 选择应用程序种类 + +4)单击Location旁边的“…”按钮,选取D盘或者E盘中一个容易找到的目录位置,在Project name文本框中填入工程名“FirstC”,如图1-10所示。 diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00020.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00020.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5017633b3c870b1bede0b2a14dbdeb7e797c3691 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00020.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +``` +void CNotePadDlg::OnFileSave() +{ + CFileDialog fd(FALSE,."txt",NULL,LOF_OVERWRITEPROMPT, + "文本文件(*.txt)|*.txt|所有文件|*.*||" + if(IDCANCEL==fd.DoModal) + return; + + CFile file; + if (!file.Open(fd.GetPathName(), CFile::modeWrite|CFile::modeCreate)) + { + AfxMessageBox("文件保存失败!"); + return; + } + + CWnd* pEdit = GetDlgItem(IDC_TEXT); + int nLen = pEdit->GetWindowTextLength(); + char* pBuf = new char[nLen + 1]; + pBuf[nLen] = 0; + pEdit->GetWindowText(pBuf, nLen + 1); + file.Write(pBuf, nLen); + file.Close(); + delete[] pBuf; +} +``` +13)编译并运行,测试代码,如图5-35所示。 + +使用 “打开” 和 “保存” 菜单,可以对所有文本文件进行编辑,包括 TXT、INI 和 CPP 等文件。 + + + +图5-35 查看运行结果 + +14)CFile类和API函数的等价关系。 + +CFile类封装的文件操作类,以CreateFile函数返回的句柄为核心。在实际开发中很多软件的文件操作,还是直接使用API函数来开发。直接使用API函数对文件操作的优点是运行效率高,而且程序更安全稳定;使用MFC封装的CFile类原因就是简单且容易使用。 diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00021.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00021.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..394c206464b4f2d20daa1285f53f67bf8b5366a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00021.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +(续) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    控件类型控件属性重属MFC 类
    List Box
    列表框
    Horizontal scroll :当列表项宽度大于控件宽度时显示横向滚动栏,列表项宽度由SetHorizontalExtent 函数设定
    Vertical scroll :当行数过多超出列表高度时,显示纵向滚动栏
    No redraw :当条目被增、删时不自动更新列表显示
    Use tabstops:允许使用TAB 制表符(“V”)
    Want key input :在列表框中通过键盘输入选择列表项
    Disable no scroll :即使列表行数过少,还仍然显示纵向滚动条No integral height :不使列表框的高度等于单项高度的整数倍
    CListBox 类
    以列表方式显示多行数据,支持增、删、改以及单选或多选功能
    Horizontal
    scrollbar
    横向滚动拦
    一般不使用,窗口白带滚动栏CScrollBar 类
    Vertical
    scrollbar
    纵向滚动栏
    一般不使用,窗口自带滚动栏CScrollBar 类
    Spin
    旋转按钮或上下控件
    Orientation :包括两种滚动方向(纵向和横向)
    Alignment (包括三种与伙伴控件的对齐方式)
    Anattached:在伙伴控件之外
    Left :在伙伴控件之内,并左侧对齐
    Right :在伙伴控件之内,并右侧对齐
    Auto buddy :自动选择TAB 顺序前一个控件关联为伙伴控件
    Set Buddy Interger:设置关联控件的整数数值
    No thousands :不在每隔三个十进制数字的地方加上千分隔符-
    Wrap :数值超过范围时循环
    Arrow keys :当按下向上或向下方向键时,可以增加或减小
    Hot track:鼠标热点跟踪
    CSpinButtonCtrl 类,和编辑框等控件结合,成为伙伴窗口,辅助增减控件内的数字
    Progress
    进度栏或进度条
    Border:显示边框
    Vertical:垂直显示进度信息
    Smooth :平滑地填充进度条控件
    CprogressCtrl 类-
    提供耗时操作的进度显示
    Slider
    滑块控件或跟踪条
    Orentation :包括两种滚动方向(纵向和横向)
    Point :包括三种滑块针脚和刻度的方向(左上、右下或双向)Tick marks :显示刻度(不选择该项则不显示刻度)
    Auto ticks:自动技SetRange 指定的区域里示刻度个数
    Border:显示边框
    Enable selection:在轨道中填充一个SetSelection 指定的进度
    CSiderCtrl 类
    提供通过拖动滑块,跳跃选取数字或者进度
    Hot Key
    热键控件
    CHotKeyCtrl 类-
    用于显示和修改热键设置
    diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00022.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00022.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d4d8c885500116a4b5a6b5651ccae2d0dc2d8f6e --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00022.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +``` + return; +} +CString str; +GetDlgItemText(IDC_NUMB;str); + int nCount = m_list.GetItemCount(); + m_list.InsertItem(nCount,str); + GetDlgItem(IDC_NAME,str); + m_list.SetItemText(nCount,1,str); + m_combo.GetLBText(nSel,str); + m_list.SetItemText(nCount,2,str); +} +void CVcDlg::OnDel() + { + POSITION pos = m_list.GetFirstSelectedItemPosition(); + int nSel = m_list.GetNextSelectedItem(pos); + if (nSel < 0) + [ + AfxMessageBox("选择列表中的一条信息再删除!"); + return; + ] + CString str = m_list.GetText(nSel,0); + str = "确定要删除"+ str; + str += " 号信息吗?" + if (AfxMessageBox(str,MB_YESNO) == IDYES + m_list.DeleteItem(nSel); + ] + void CdvDlg::OnMand() + { + POSITION pos = m_list.GetFirstSelectedItemPosition(); + int nSel = m_list.GetNextSelectedItem(pos); + if (nSel < 0) + [ + AfxMessageBox("选择列表中的一条信息再修改!"); + return; + ] + CString str = m_list.GetText(nSel,0); + str = "确定要xiugai "+ str; + str += " 号信息吗?" + if (AfxMessageBox(str,MB_YESNO) == IDNO + return; +GetDlgItemText(IDC_NAME,str); + m_list.SetItemText(nSel,1,str); + m_combo.GetWindowText(str); + m_list.SetItemText(nSel,2,str); +] +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00023.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00023.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..756101524aefef84b423bd851799669630b40711 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00023.md @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +1)描述字体属性的结构体LOGFONT,包含很多内容。 +``` +typedef struct tagLOGFONT +{ + LONG lHeight; //字体的高度 + LONG lWidth; //设置字体的宽度 + LONG lEscapement; //设定字符的起始与水平线的夹角,夹角以0.1°为单位 + LONG lOrientation; //设定每一个字符的起始与水平线的夹角,以0.1°为单位 + LONG lWeight; //设置字体的粗细,值范围为0~1000。400为正常粗细。 +}LOGFONT; + +//700为粗,如果取值为0,则选择默认粗细 +BYTE lItalic; //如果为TRUE,则字体为斜体 +BYTE lUnderline; //如果为TRUE,则字体带下划线 +BYTE lStrikeOut; //如果为TRUE,则字体带删除线 +BYTE lCharSet; //指定字体集 +BYTE lFontPrecision; //指定输出时字体的精度 +BYTE lClipPrecision; //指定输出时字体被裁剪的精度 +BYTE lQuality; //指定输出质量 +BYTE lPitchAndFamily; //指定字体的斜度和字体类型 +CHAR lFaceName[LF_FACESIZE]; //设置字体名称 + +| LOGFONT, *PLOGFONT; +``` +创建一个工程名为“Font”的对话框程序,演示选用不同字体修饰文字输出的效果。 + +2)在主对话框类的头文件FontDlg.h中,增加一些普通成员函数。 +``` +class CFontDlg : public CDialog +{ + void CreateFont(CDC* pDC); + void SetColors(CDC* pDC); + void Others(CDC* pDC, CFont *pFont); + void Width(CDC* pDC, CFont *pFont); + void Weight(CDC* pDC, CFont *pFont); + void Escape(CDC* pDC, CFont *pFont); + void Height(CDC* pDC, CFont *pFont); + void Normal(CDC* pDC, CFont *pFont); +public: +... +} +``` +3)在源文件FontDlg.cpp尾部,添加新增成员函数的代码。 +``` +void CFontDlg::Normal(CDC* pDC, CFont *pFont) +{ + pFont = pDC->SelectObject(pFont); + pDC->TextOut(10,30,"使用对话框字体输出!"); + pDC->SelectObject(pFont);//恢复默认字体 +} +void CFontDlg::Height(CDC* pDC, CFont *pFont) +{ + LOGFONT lf; + pFont ->GetLogFont(&lf); +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00024.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00024.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..952976fa11199956fa912f305d9f2917568d9b50 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00024.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +# 第8章 图形软件开发 + +掌握了 GDI 绘图技术就具备了图形软件开发的基础,本章介绍一些重点的图形软件开发技术。 + +## 第 1 节 CMemDC 封装类 + +封装一个 CMemDC 类,主要功能是加载位图资源、加载位图文件和创建空白内存画布。 + +创建一个工程名为“Mdc”的对话框程序,演示 CMemDC 类的封装及调用过程。 + +1)执行 File→New 命令,或者按快捷键弹出新建对话框,如图 8-1 所示。 + +2)选中“C/C++ Header File”项,输入“MemDC”后单击“OK”按钮,如图8-2所示。 + + + +图 8-1 在工程中插入头文件 + + + +图 8-2 新添加的头文件 + +3)在文件视图中双击 MemDC.h 编写代码,如下。 +``` +#ifndef _MEMDC_H_ +#define _MEMDC_H_ + +//Author:www.baojy.com +class CMemDC :public CDC +{ + CSize m_size; + public: + CMemDC() + +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00025.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00025.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3a4c5fbf9e2a7ba42a77465fdac19f3395ca684f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00025.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +``` +if(++i>=12) + i=0; +CDialog::OnTimer(nIDEvent); +} +``` +7)编译并运行,测试代码,可以看到连续12帧动画播放的效果。 + +## 第 4 节 透明动画 + +游戏屏幕都是由场景和多个动画角色组成的,角色一般是去掉透明色的多帧动画 + +创建一个工程名为“Fly”的对话框程序,用于演示草地上面蝴蝶飞舞的透明动画。 + +1) 把背景图片(backgnd.bmp)和多张带透明色的蝴蝶图片,复制到工程目录的“img”目录下,如图8-15所示。 + +2)将本章第3节的MemDC.h文件复制到工程目录下,并添加到编译文件列表中,如图8-16所示。 + +执行 File→Save Workspace 命令,保存插入文件后的文件列表。 + +执行 File→Save Workspace 命令,保存变动后的文件列表。 + + + +图 8-15 图片素材(蝴蝶背景色是黑色) + + + +图 8-16 将 MemDC.h 文件添加到编译列表 + +3)在主对话框类中添加一些成员变量,用于保存背景和动画图片。 +``` +#include "MemDC.h" +class CFlyDlg : public CDialog +{ + enum {FLY_CNT=7}; // 7 帖 + CMemDC m_deBack; //加載背景 + CMemDC m_deFly[FLY_CNT]; //加载动画 + int m_nIndex; //当前帧数 + CPoint m_pos; //当前位置 +... +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00026.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00026.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0ff8502a824769fadc0be5df96bd7bcc8f39e0ad --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00026.md @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +1)修改IDD_REG_DLG对话框的字体和外观,并插入一些控件,见表9-3。 + +表9-3 向导对话框的控件属性 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    控件类型IDCaptionStyles
    ButtonIDCBACK<上一步(&B )Disabled
    ButtonIDOK下一步(&N )>Default Button
    ButtonIDCFINISH完成(&F )
    ButtonIDCANCEL取消
    + +2)修改IDD_PAGE1对话框的字体和外观属性,如图9-8所示。 + + + +图9-8 编辑第一分页对话框资源 + +3)插入一些控件并修改控件属性,见表9-4。 + +表9-4 第一分页对话框的控件属性 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    控件类型IDCaptionStyles
    Static TextIDCSTATIC.账号:
    Edit BoxIDCNUMBNumber
    Static TextIDCSTATIC.昵称:
    Edit BoxIDCNAME
    Group BoxIDCSTATIC性别
    Radio ButtonIDCSEXGroup
    Radio Button自动分配ID
    + +4)使用类向导创建与IDD_PAGE1关联的CDialog派生类CPage1,如图9-9所示 + + + +图9-9 创建第一分页对话框的关联类 diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00027.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00027.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..118d6ac8fdf5aa3b22ef0b16f6e711fb4a7bf084 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00027.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +``` +dlg.m_p2.m_szHome=m_list.GetItemText(nSel,5); +dlg.m_p3.m_szTel = m_list.GetItemText(nSel,6); +dlg.m_p3.m_szEmail = m_list.GetItemText(nSel,7); +dlg.m_p3.m_szAddr = m_list.GetItemText(nSel,8); +//在弹出对话框前,将选中列表项的数据全部传入各个分页 +if(IDCANCEL==dlg.DoModal()) + return; +//对话框确定之后,将修改后的各分页的数据再覆盖回选中列表项 +m_list.SetItemText(nSel,0,dlg.m_p1.m_szNum); +m_list.SetItemText(nSel,1,dlg.m_p1.m_szName); +m_list.SetItemText(nSel,2,dlg.m_p1.m_nSex==0?"男":"女"); +COleDateTime time = dlg.m_p2.m_birth; +str.Format("%d-%02d-%02d",time.GetYear(),time.GetMonth(),time.GetDay()); +m_list.SetItemText(nSel,3,str); +m_list.SetItemText(nSel,4,ps[dlg.m_p2.m_nBlood]); +m_list.SetItemText(nSel,5,dlg.m_p2.m_szHome); +m_list.SetItemText(nSel,6,dlg.m_p3.m_szTel); +m_list.SetItemText(nSel,7,dlg.m_p3.m_szEmail); +m_list.SetItemText(nSel,8,dlg.m_p3.m_szAddr); +} +``` +10)添加一个双击列表消息反射函数,以增强界面操作的灵活性,如图9-23所示。 + + + +图9-23 添加NM_DBLCLK消息反射函数 + +11)修改消息反射函数OnDblclkList的代码。 +``` +void CUsdDlg::OnDblelkList(NMHDR* pNMHDR, LRESULT* pResult) +{ + OnMod(); + *pResult = 0; +} +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00028.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00028.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..91fe79aaeba04b399240032382d830b864be7864 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00028.md @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +7)编译并运行,测试代码。 + +在工资编辑框内,通过消息反射函数的过滤处理后,只允许输入数字和小数点。当选择不同列表项时,选中行的数据自动显示在编辑框内。 + +总结反射型消息映射的特点如下,如图9-43所示。 + +①在反射型的消息映射中,必须与某个子窗口ID相关联。 + +②消息类型一般都带有“N”字,例如,BN_代表“Button Notify”,EN_代表“Edit Notify”等。 + +③ 在ON_NOTIFY的消息映射函数中,注意使用第一个参数(NMHDR*),根据不同的控件可以传递当前节点的句柄或ID等有用的信息。 + + + +图9-43 反射型消息映射的特点 + +## 第8节 高级控件类介绍 + +1)CRichEditCtrl类,如图9-44所示。与RichEdit控件关联,提供给用户带格式的文本显示和编辑功能。CRichEditCtrl类的常用成员见表9-12。 + + + +图9-44 CRichEditCtrl类 + +表9-12 CRichEditCtrl类的常用成员 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    主要成员成员说明
    BOOL Create(DWORD dwStyle,const RECT& rect,CWnd" pParentWnd,UINT nID);创建高级编辑控件,并将其窗口句柄保存在mhWd 中
    int GetLineCount()const;获取文字行数
    int GetLine(int nindex,LPTSTR szBuffer)const:
    int GetLine(int nindex, LPTSTR szBuffer, int nMax) const;
    获取一行文字
    int GetFirstVisibleLine()const:获取当前从第几行开始是可见的
    int Linelndex(int nLine=-1) const;将指定行索引转换成字符索引
    long LineFromChar(long nindex)const;将指定字符索引转换成行索引
    int LineLength(int nLine=-1)const:获取指定行的文字长度
    void LineScrol(int nLines,int nChars=0);按指定文字行数和字符数滚动文本
    void GetSel(CHARRANGE& cr)const;
    void GetSel( long&nStartChar,long&nEndChar)const;
    获取当前选中文字的开始和结束位置
    void SetSel( long nStartChar,long nEndChar):
    void SetSel( CHARRANGE& cr)
    按指定起始位置选择文字
    diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00029.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00029.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e28e4d055ddff0f0ddff05e9993c38b5e130faa8 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00029.md @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +(续) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    主要成员成员说明
    void SetModified(BOOL bChanged=TRUE);激活或禁用应用按钮
    LRESULT QuerySibings(WPARAM wParam,LPARAM Param);向前传送PSMQUERYSIBLINGS 消息到属性表的每一页
    virtual void OnCancel():单击属性表取消按钮时的回调函数
    virtual BOOL OnSetActive():当某页成为活动页时的回调函数
    virtual BOOL OnKillActive();当前页不再是活动页时的回调函数
    virtual void OnOK():单击确定、应用或关闭按钮时回调
    virtual BOOL OnApply();单击属性表应用按钮时的回调函数
    virtual LRESULT OnWizardBack():单击属性表后退按钮时的回调函数
    virtual LRESULT OnWizardNext();单击属性表下一步按钮时的回调函数
    virtual BOOL OnWizardFinish();单击属性表完成按钮时的回调函数
    + +5)CPropertySheet类,如图9-48所示。封装了一个用于管理签模式或向导模式的多页面窗口的外层框架窗口,即属性表。一个属性表由一个CPropertySheet对象和一个或多个CPropertyPage对象构成。CPropertySheet类的常用成员见表9-16。 + + + +图9-48 CPropertySheet类 + +表9-16 CPropertySheet类的常用成员 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    主要成员成员说明
    CPropertySheet():
    CPropertySheet( LPCTSTR pszCaption, CWnd*pParentWnd=NULL,UINT (SelectPage=0);
    构造函数,可以设定属性表的标、父窗口以及启动后要显示的页面
    int GetActiveindex()const;获取当前活动页的索引
    int GetPagelndex(CPropertyPage*pPage)const;获取指定属性页在属性表中的素引
    CPropertyPage*GetPage(int nPage)const;通过索引获取属性页的对象地址
    int GetPageCount():获取属性表中的属性页的总数
    CPropertyPage*GetActivePage()const:获取当前活动属性页的对象地址
    BOOL SetActivePage(int nPage):根据指定索引设置当前活动页
    BOOL SetActivePage(CPropertyPage"pPage):根据指定属性页地址设置活动页
    void SetTitle(LPCTSTR ipszText, UINT nStyle=0);设置属性表的标题
    CTabCtrl*GetTabControl():获取内部封装的标签控件的地址
    void SetFinishText(LPCTSTR IpszText):设置完成按钮的文本
    void SetWizardButtons(DWORD dwFlags):设置向导模式中技钮的组合
    void EnableStackedTabs(BOOL bStacked):设置标签控件堆叠标签或滚动标签
    virtual int DoModal():弹出模式属性表
    BOOL Create( CWnd" pParentWnd= NULL, DWORD dwStyle=(DWORD)-1,DWORD dwExStyle=0):创建非模式属性表
    \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00030.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00030.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fc0c0c08703fd2d428cd7b65b6aa7dc3f5427b9d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00030.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +5)在类视图中添加一些窗口显示和与鼠标操作相关的消息映射函数,如图11-14所示。 +``` +void CTestBtn::Register() +{ + WNDCLASS windowclass={0}; + HINSTANCE hInst = AfxGetInstanceHandle(); + + windowclass.style = CS_HIDDEN | CS_VREDRAW; + windowclass.lpfnWndProc = ::DefWindowProc; + windowclass.hInstance = hInst; + windowclass.hIcon = NULL; + windowclass.hCursor = AfxGetApp()->LoadStandardCursor(IDC_HAND); + windowclass.hbrBackground = ::GetSysColorBrush(COLOR_BTNFACE); + + windowclass.lpszClassName = TEST_BTN; //注册窗口类名 + AfxRegisterClass(&windowclass); +} + +BOOL CTestBtn::Create(LPCTSTR szCapt,DWORD dwStyle,const RECT& rect, +CWnd* pParent,UINT nID) +{ + static BOOL h = TRUE; + if(h) + {//只执行一次 + h=FALSE; + Register(); + } + return CWnd::Create(TEST_BTN,szCapt,dwStyle,rect,pParent,nID); +} +``` + + +图11-14 添加多个消息映射函数 diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00031.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00031.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..801abd781ae22cb6a9035273d4fcc04783667bc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00031.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +②第二个参数lpTemplate:指定与对话框模板关联的资源ID,传入前要对数字ID强制类型转化。 + +③第三个参数hWndParent;指定父窗口句柄,一般传入NULL,因为对话框作为主窗口没有父窗口。 + +④最后一个参数lpDialogFunc:是一个指定格式的回调函数的地址,该函数用于处理各类窗口事件。 + +10)回调函数的参数列表和返回值必须按指定的格式编写,如图2-26所示。 + + + +图2-26 窗口消息处理函数 + +①第一个参数hwndDlg:与该回调函数关联的对话框句柄,用户操作对话框。 + +②第二个参数uMsg:消息号码,用于解析对话框窗口发生的事件,例如,单击按钮等 + +③ 最后2个参数 wParam 和 lParam:是窗口消息的相关数据,例如,单击按钮的ID等。 + +## 第4节 Windows数据类型 + +刚开始进行Win32开发时,发现一些变量类型似乎在C语言中未曾见过。其实这些变量类型是与C/C++已有的数据类型相近的,是通过C语言的原始类型重新定义而成的。引入这些数据类型的主要目的是为了便于程序员开发Windows应用程序,增强程序的可读性;另一个目的是为了便于代码的移植,从16位操作系统升级到32位操作系统的过程中,这些重新定义的数据类型就起了相当重要的作用。 + +这些重新定义的变量类型就叫作Windows数据类型,主要定义在Windef.h的系统头文件中。当包含了Windows.h或者其他任何Windows头文件时,都会自动包含Windef.h。简单的Windows数据类型见表2-2。 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    数据类型源数据类型含 义
    BOOLint布尔型,主要赋值对象是TRUE 和FALSE
    BYTEunsigned char单字节(8bits )无符号变量
    WORDunsigned short双字节(16bits )无符号变量
    DWORDunsigned long4 字节(32bits )无符号变量
    diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00032.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00032.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cf0de5aec9364e8b6ab2e4ede03f5c9d4e2bfb94 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00032.md @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +(续) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    控件类型IDCaptionStyles
    Edit BoxIDCNAME
    Static TextIDCSTATIC部门:
    Combo BoxIDCDEPTData :开发部测试部行政部财务部Type:Drop List
    去掉Sort 属性
    ButtonIDCADD添加
    ButtonIDCDEL删除
    ButtonIDCMOD修改
    List ControlIDCLISTView:Report
    + +3)在主对话框的头文件(BtDlg.h)中,添加一个CToolTipCtrl类型成员变量。 +``` +class CTpDlg : public CDialog +{ + CToolTipCtrl m_tip; +public: +... +} + +``` +4)修改主对话框的初始化函数,调用CToolTipCtrl::Create函数创建提示窗口。 +``` +BOOL CTpDlg::OnInitDialog() +{ + CDialog::OnInitDialog(); + m_tip.Create(this); + m_tip.AddTool(GetDlgItem(IDC_NUMB), "请在这里填写工号"); + m_tip.AddTool(GetDlgItem(IDC_NAME), "请在这里填写姓名"); + m_tip.AddTool(GetDlgItem(IDC_DEPT), "请在这里选择部门"); + m_tip.AddTool(GetDlgItem(IDC_LIST), "所有员工信息列表"); + m_tip.Activate(true); + m_list.InsertColumn(0, "工号", 0, 100); + m_list.InsertColumn(1, "姓名", 0, 120); + m_list.InsertColumn(2, "部门", 0, 100); + m_list.SetExtendedStyle(LVS_EX_FULLROWSELECTIVLS_EX_GRIDLINES); +... +``` +5)在ClassView中添加一个虚函数PreTranslateMessage。 +``` +BOOL CTpDlg::PreTranslateMessage(MSG* pMsg) +{ + m_tip.RelayEvent(pMsg); + return CDialog::PreTranslateMessage(pMsg); +} +``` +6)编译并运行,测试代码,如图11-24所示。 diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00033.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00033.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..503767bfcb0b779242292cd9c39ae9673f0f8433 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00033.md @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +4)仿照Visual C++6.0开发一个梯形标签控件类(CTrapeTab),如图11-31所示。 + + + +图11-31 梯形标签控件类 + +①由CWnd类派生,所有接口函数参照第4节的CTestTab类 + +②支持插入标签项、删除标签项以及设置标签项等接口函数。 + +③注册和创建过程参照CTestTab类,页面切换时发出消息反射通知父窗口。 + +5)模仿一些杀毒软件的界面,开发一个三态的位图标签控件类(CBitmapTab),如图11-32所示。 + + + +图11-32 界面效果 + +①由CWnd类派生,所有接口函数参照第4节的CTestTab类。 + +②大部分功能相似,主要新增SetImageList和GetImageList函数设置和获取图像列表。 + +③在插入标签项时不需要指定文字,只要指定三态图片在图像列表中的索引即可。 + +④私有成员变量和函数自行设计和定义,要求公开接口函数如下。 +``` +class CBitmapTab : public CWnd +{ +public: + BOOL Create(DWORD dwStyle,const RECT& rect,CWnd* pParentWnd,UINT nID); + BOOL InsertItem(int nItem,int nItemSel,int nItemFocus); + CImageList* GetImageList(); + CImageList* SetImageList(CImageList* pImageList); + BOOL GetItemRect(int nItem, LPRECT lpRect); + int GetItemCount(); + int GetCurSel(); + int GetCurSel(int nItem); + BOOL DeleteItem(int nItem); + BOOL DeleteAllItems(); +}; +``` +6)开发一个滚动文字(也叫“走马灯”)的CLantCtrl类,如图11-33所示。 + + + +图11-33 滚动文字效果 + +①由CWnd类派生,所有接口函数参照第4节的CTestTab类。 + +②支持插入文字项、删除文字项以及设置文字项等接口函数。 + +③注册和创建过程参照CTestTab类,单击某个文字项时发出消息反射通知父窗口。 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00034.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00034.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..372a90fc49dd24f7f1e0f43ffc848064fb349d44 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00034.md @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +表 12-6 CMDIFrameWnd 类的常用成员 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    主要成员成员说明
    void MDIActivate(CWnd"pWndActivate);将指定的子窗口设为活动子窗口
    CMDIChildWnd*MDIGetActive(BOOL*pMax=NULL)const:获取活动MDI 子窗口和最大化状态
    void MDllconArrange():重排所有最小化的MDI 子窗口
    void MDIMaximize(CWnd"pWnd):将指定的MDI 子窗口最大化
    void MDINext():将下一个MDI 子窗口设为活动子窗口
    void MDIRestore(CWnd"pWnd):将子窗口最大化或最小化状态恢复
    CMenu*DISetMenu(CMenu*pFrameMenu,CMenu"pMenu);设置MDI 框架和窗口弹出菜单
    void MDITile():
    void MDITile(int nType);
    将所有MDI 子窗口以平铺方式排列
    void MDICascade();
    void MDICascade(int nType):
    将所有MDI 子窗口以层叠方式排
    CMDIChildWnd*CreateNewChild(CRuntimeClass"pClass,UINT nID,HMENU hMenu=NULL HACCEL hAccel=NULL):创建一个MDI 子窗口并加载子窗口的图标、菜单和快捷键表等资源
    virtual BOOL CreateClient(LPCREATESTRUCT Ipcs,CMenu" pWindowMenu):创建MID 客户区窗口(MDICLIENT)
    virtual HMENU GefWindowMenuPopup(HMENU hMenu Bar);返回Window 弹出菜单的句柄
    + +3)CMDIChildWnd类如图12-37所示。 + +多文档子窗口类(CMDIChildWnd)与普通框架窗口非常相似,唯一的区别在于它只能作为多文档框架的子窗口,而不能作为主窗口。多文档子窗口没有自己的菜单栏,只能与主框架共享菜单栏。CMDIChildWnd类的常用成员见表12-7。 + + +图 12-37 CMDIChldWnd 类 + +表 12-7 CMDIChildWnd 类的常用成员 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    主要成员成员说明
    BOOL Create(LPCTSTR IpszClassName, LPCTSTR ipszWind owName,DWORD dwStyle=WSCHILDIWSVISIBLEIWSOVERLAPPEDWINDOW,const RECT& rect=rectDefaut,CMDIFrameWnd"pParentWnd=NULL,CCreateContext" pContext=NULL)创建与CMDIChildWnd 对象关联的MDI 子窗口
    void MDIDestroy();销毁MDI 子窗口并删除堆中的对象
    void MDIActivate():将MDI 子窗口设为活动子窗口
    void MDIMaximize();将MDI 子窗口设为最小化状态
    void MDIRestore():将MDI 子窗从最大化或最小化恢复
    CMDIFrameWnd*GetMDIFrame():获取所属的MDI 框架窗口
    + diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00035.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00035.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aff0c64d4b397032a6c51f713090e06d9ecd837c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00035.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ + + + +图13-16 添加消息映射函数 + +19)修改建立的所有消息映射函数的代码。 +``` +void CMdView::OnLButtonDown(UINT nFlags, CPoint point) +{ + CMdlDoc* pDoc = GetDocument(); + CLayer* pLayer = NULL; + if(ID_DRAW_DRAG!=m_nType) + { + pLayer = CLayer::Create(m_nType); + pLayer->OnLButtonDown(nFlags,point); + pDoc->m_ls.Add(pLayer); + pDoc->SetModifiedFlag(); + return; //文档变动处设置修改标志 + } + int i = 0; + while(im_ls.GetSize()) + { + pLayer = (CLayer*)pDoc->m_ls[i]; + pLayer->Select(point); + ++i; + } + Invalidate(); + m_point = point; + CSendView::OnLButtonDown(nFlags,point); +} + +void CMdView::OnLButtonUp(UINT nFlags, CPoint point) +{ + CMdlDoc* pDoc = GetDocument(); +} +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00036.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00036.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aa39fd474869f1a89647c4b2ad4fc6c8ae3558fa --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00036.md @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +``` +void CMenuEx::MeasureItem(LPMEASUREITEMSTRUCT lpMIS) +{ +// 设置菜单宽度为80,每个菜单项高度是20,分隔项高度是10 +lpMIS->itemWidth = 80; +SItem &it = m_map[lpMIS->itemID]; +lpMIS->itemHeight = it.nHeight; +} + +BOOL CMenuEx::AppendMenu(UINT nIDNewItem, LPCSTR lpszNewItem, +HICON hIcon, UINT nFlags) +{ +// 将文字和图标信息按ID登记,以备在自绘时使用 +SItem it = {hIcon}; +if(lpszNewItem) +strcpy(it.sText,lpszNewItem); +if(nFlags&M_F_SEPARATOR) +it.nHeight=10; +else +it.nHeight=20; +m_map[nIDNewItem] = it; +// 每个插入的菜单项都自动添加自绘属性(MF_OWNERDRAW) +return CMenu::AppendMenu(nFlags|MF_OWNERDRAW, nIDNewItem,lpszNewItem); +} +``` +5)在资源视图中导入5个16×16的彩色图标,用于自绘菜单,如图14-16所示。 + +6)修改视图类中的OnContextMenu函数的代码。 +``` +#include "MenuEx.h" +void CMDView::OnContextMenu(CWnd* pWnd, CPoint point) +{ +if(ID_DRAW_DRAG!=m_nType) +return; +CMdlDoc* pDoc = GetDocument(); +CLayer* player = NULL; +int i = 0; +while(im_ls.GetSize()) +{ +pLayer = (CLayer*)pDoc->m_ls[i]; +if(STU_SELECT == pLayer->m_nStatus) +{ +CMenuEx menu; +menu.CreatePopupMenu(); +HICON hIcon = AfxGetApp()->LoadIcon(IDL_ICON1); +menu.AppendMenu(ID_LAYER_TOP,"置于顶层",hIcon); +hIcon = AfxGetApp()->LoadIcon(IDL_ICON2); +menu.AppendMenu(ID_LAYER_BOTTOM,"置于底层",hIcon); +hIcon = AfxGetApp()->LoadIcon(IDL_ICON3); +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00037.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00037.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0f0b1a5a06bd63263de0bc39380569de45467dac --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00037.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +## 第6节 对话框栏 + +对话框栏(CDialogBar类)是类似于工具栏的非模式对话框,不但可以在资源视图中编辑内部控件,而且启动后可以停靠在框架类周边方便使用。打开本章第5节的“sp”分隔栏工程,用于演示对话框栏的编辑和调用方法。 + +1)在资源视图中通过菜单命令,或者按快捷键打开插入资源对话框,如图14-35所示。选中树形控件中的“IDD_DIALOGBAR”节点,再单击“New”按钮添加对话框栏资源。 + +2)修改刚插入的对话框栏属性,如图14-36所示。 + + + +图14-35 插入资源 + + + +图14-36 修改对话框属性 + +3)修改对话框默认的语言为“Chinese(P.R.C)”,如图14-37所示。 + + + +图14-37 修改对话框语言 + +4)修改对话框属性,如图14-38所示。 + + + +图14-38 修改对话框属性 diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00038.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00038.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..780f650abe5fee52a6ae057a90d9dd3a03f532aa --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00038.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ + + +图 9-27 以图标形式显示 Express VI + + + +图 9-28 配置仿真信号窗口 + +下面对配置仿真信号窗口中的选项进行详细介绍。 + +## ①信号 + +信号类别:模拟的波形类别。可模拟正弦波、矩形波、锯齿波、三角波或噪声(直流)。 + +频率(Hz):以赫兹为单位的波形频率。默认值为10.1。 + +相位(度):以度数为单位的波形初始相位。默认值为0。 + +幅值:波形的幅值。默认值为1。 + +偏移量:信号的直流偏移量。默认值为0。 + +占空比(%): 矩形波在一个周期内高位时间和低位时间的百分比。默认值为 50。 + +添加噪声:向模拟波形添加噪声。 + +噪声类型:指定向波形添加的噪声类型。只有勾选了添加噪声复选框,才可使用该选项。可添加的噪声类型如下: + +➢均匀白噪声生成一个包含均匀分布伪随机序列的信号,该序列值的范围是$[-a,a]$,其中$a$是幅值的绝对值。 + +➢ 高斯白噪声生成一个包含高斯分布伪随机序列的信号,该序列的统计分布图为 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00039.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00039.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ba4d2b5044abfeff8e1f85cfc2bd989dadb71181 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00039.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + + + +图 10-24 不同 NI-DAQmx 读取 VI 的实例 + +可以读取多个采样的 NI-DAQmx 读取函数的实例包括一个输入来指定在函数执行时读取数据的每通道采样数。对于有限采集,通过将每通道采样数指定为 -1,这个函数就等待结果集完所有请求的采样数,然后读取这些采样。对于连续采集,将每通道采样数指定为 -1 将使得这个函数在执行的时候读取所有现在保存在缓冲中可得的采样。在如图 10-25 所示的 LabVIEW 程序框图中,NI-DAQmx 读取 VI 已经被配置成从多个模拟输入虚线通道中读取多个采样并以波形的形式返回数据。而且,既然每通道采样数已配置成常数 10,那么该 VI 执行的时候它会从每一个模拟输入通道读取 10 个采样。 + + + +图 10-25 从模拟通道读取多个采样值实例 + +4. DAQmx 开始任务 + +NI-DAQmx 启动任务函数显式地将一个任务转换到运行状态。在运行状态,这个任务完成特定的采集或生成。如果没有使用 NI-DAQmx 启动任务函数,那么在 NI-DAQmx 读取函数执行时,一个任务可以隐式地转换到运行状态,或者自动开始。这个隐式的转换也发生在如果 NI-DAQmx 开始任务函数未被使用而且 NI-DAQmx 写入函数与它相应指定的自启动输入一起执行。其节点的图标及端口定义如图 10-26 所示。 + + + +图 10-26 DAQmx 开始任务的节点图标及端口定义 + +虽然不是经常需要,但是使用 NI-DAQmx 启动任务函数来显式地启动一个与硬件定时相关的采集或生成任务是更值得选择的。而且,如果 NI-DAQmx 读取函数或 NI-DAQmx 写入函数将会执行多次,例如在循环中,NI-DAQmx 启动任务函数就应当使用。否则,任务的性能将会降低,因为它将会重复地启动和停止。图 10-27 所示的 LabVIEW 程序框图演示了不需要使用 NI-DAQmx 启动函数的情形,因为模拟输出生成仅仅包含一个单一的、软件定时的采样。 + +图 10-28 所示的 LabVIEW 程序框图演示了应当使用 NI-DAQmx 启动函数的情形,因为 NI-DAQmx 读取函数需要执行多次来从计数器读取数据。 diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00040.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00040.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b0e8a5cfc5009787041d3c835348729af6e50ec2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00040.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ + + +图 3-23 组合框的属性设置 + +06 在函数模板中的 “结构” 子选板中选择 “While 循环”。并将当前程序框图中的所有对象包括在 While 循环所构成的框图中。 + +07 在程序框图中,右键单击 While 循环条件的输入端子,并选择“创建输入控件”。 + +08 运行程序,当用户选择“组合框”控件中的选项时,“选项值”文本框中将限制当前选项的选项值。程序的运行结果(前面板)如图 3-24 所示,程序框图如图 3-25 所示。 + + + +图 3-24 组合框演示程序的前面板 + + + +图 3-25 组合框演示程序程序框图 + +用于文件路径的控制与显示控件是 LabVIEW 中一种特殊的文本型控件,它将文件的路径作为字符串在程序中进行传递和运算。 + +LabVIEW 2012 中用于文件路径控制和显示的控件包括“文件路径输入控件”和“文件路径显示控件”。它们的属性可以通过如图 3-26 所示的“路径属性”对话框来设置。 + +在用 LabVIEW 对文件操作的过程中,要经常用到“路径输入控件”和“路径显示控件”这两个控件,这将在以后的章节中详细介绍。 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00041.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00041.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a23b1c5b07327728b8fb68973c7c96d05349ba71 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00041.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + + + +图 4-52 “仿真信号” Express VI 的图标 + + + +图 4-53 显示 Express VI 的属性 + +如果端口名称过长,不能完全显示,可以在图标的右键弹出快捷菜单中选择“调整为文本大小”,Express VI 将根据端口名称的长度自动调整 VI 的宽度,如图 4-54 所示。 + +如果觉得 Express VI 的图标太大,也可以将其显示为小图标,方法是在图标的右键快捷菜单中选择“显示为图标”,使该选项处于选中状态,如图 4-55 所示。缩小后的图标依然以淡蓝色为背景,并且四周带有导角。 + + + +图 4-54 自动调整 Express V1 的宽度 + + + +图 4-55 Express V1 的小图标 + +Express VI 使用起来较之标准 VI 更为方便。当 Express VI 处于默认设置时,在将 Express VI 放置到框图程序中,将弹出 Express VI 的属性设置对话框(可通过 LabVIEW 环境设置以禁止自动弹出属性设置对话框)。在编程时,也可以双击 Express VI 的图标打开“属性设置”对话框。下面通过一个例子来看一下 Express VI 的使用方法。 + +## 例 4-2: 使用 Express VI 进行频谱分析 + +本例首先产生一个虚拟信号,然后分析信号频谱。这里要用到两个 Express VI,一个是“仿真信号”,位于“函数选板”>>“Express VI”>>“输入”子选板;另一个是“频谱测量”,位于“函数选板”>>“Express VI”>>“信号分析”子选板中。 + +01 将“仿真信号”Express VI 放置在程序框图中,这时 LabVIEW 将自动打开“配置仿真信号对”对话框。在对话框中进行如下设置: + +➢在“信号类型”下拉列表框中选择“正弦”信号。 + +➢在“频率(Hz)”一栏中将频率设为102Hz。 + +➢选中“添加噪声”复选框。 + +➢在 “噪声类型” 下拉列表框中选择均匀白噪声。 + +➢在“噪声幅值”一栏中设置噪声幅度为0.1。 diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00042.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00042.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f8507037ff72d7d902de3f9ca9141659d93fbde8 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00042.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +的语句,如果 while 表达式的值一开始就是 False,则循环语句一次也不执行。 + +while 语句的定义格式如下: +``` +while (expr): + statement + ...... +endwhile; +``` + + +图4-6 while 语句 + +看了上面的格式,读者朋友可能还不知道 while 语句是如何执行的,下面通过一个示意图进行描述,如图 4-6 所示。下面通过一个实例进行讲解。 + +## 实例 14:使用 while 语句 + +下面通过例子来演示 while 语句的使用方法,其代码【光盘:源代码/第4章/4-7.php】如下: +``` +"; +?> +``` +将上述代码文件保存到服务器的环境下,运行浏览后得到如图4-7所示的结果。 + + + +图 4-7 while 循环 + +## 多学一招 + +while 语句在数据的加减中的使用最为常见,下面通过具体代码来讲解 while 语句的深层次应用,其代码【光盘:源代码/第4章/4-8.php】如下: +``` + 在第 $row 行的字段:
    "; + $row++; + for ( $c=0; $c<$num; $c++ ) + print $shi[$c] . "
    "; + } + fclose( $shili ); +?> +``` +提示:在 CVS 文件中的空行将返回为包含有单个 Null 字段的数组,而不会被当成错误。 + + + +图 9-9 PHP 读取数据 + +将上述代码文件保存到服务器的环境下,运行浏览后得到如图9-9所示的结果。 + +## 3. 读取整个文件 + +上面介绍的函数都是读取单个、多行文件中的数据信息。有时候我们需要读取整个文件的信息,在 PHP 提供了 4 个不同的函数来读取整个文件的信息。 + +□ readfile()函数 + +其格式如下: +``` +int readfile( string filename [, bool use_include_path [, resource context ]]); +``` +readfile()函数用于读入一个文件,并将其写入到输出缓冲区。第一个参数 filename 是要读取的包含路径的文件名,返回从中读入的字节数。如果出错则返回 False,如果是以@readfile()形式调用,即在 readfile 前面加@,则不会显示错误信息。第二个参数可选,如果想在 include_path 中搜寻文件,则可以将可选参数 use_include_path 设为“1”。该函数使用前不用去打开文件,使用完后也不必关闭文件,直接从文件中读取内容输出到标准输出设备上。 + +□ fpassthru()函数 + +其格式如下: +``` +int fpassthru( resource handle ); +``` +fpassthru()函数只有一个参数,参数 handle 用于指向将要被输出的文件。该函数输出从文件指针开始的所有剩余数据,一直读取到文件 EOF,并把结果写到输出缓冲区,返回从 handle 读取并传递到输出的字符数目。发生错误时,返回 False。 diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00044.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00044.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7f89332e5ce5ac8690e523f36833dafdb6e7f42a --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00044.md @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +``` +break; +case "delete_message"://删除 + $HAwkXML->delete_message($_GET["AutoID"]); + break; +case "update_message"://修改 + $HAwkXML->update_message($_GET["AutoID"]); + break; +case "save_message"://保存 +$HAwkXML>save_message($_GET["AutoID"],$_POST["Subject"],$_POST["Content"]); + break; +default:默认查看 + $HAwkXML->show_message(); + break; + +} + +?> + + + + + + +``` +message.xml 代码如下: +``` + + + +2007519062619 +fffffffff +fffffffffffg + +2009429071625我依然想你真的想你 + + +``` +代码文件保存到服务器的环境下,用户可以进行浏览,得到如实战图2-4所示的结果。 + + + +实战图 2-4 留言的内容 diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00045.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00045.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..552d392d7defe576fb93fdcb9c9f793871acb26c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00045.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +件,用户只需要按照安装向导操作即可。 + +## 1.5.1 PHPnow 的安装 + +PHPnow 用户可以去官方网站下载最新版本,网址为 "http://www.phpnow.org/” ,下载后用户将其解压,然后将它移动到 D 盘的根目录下,将文件修改为 “phpnow”。具体操作如下: + +1)打开 D 盘下的 “phpnow” 文件夹,双击 “Setup.cmd” 文件,然后输入 Apache 版本。笔者搭建时的最新版本是 “22”,然后按〈Enter〉键,如图 1-45 所示。 + +2)在控制面板中输入 MySQL 的版本号,这里输入 “51”,然后按(Enter)键,如图 1-46 所示。 + + + +图 1-45 安装 apache + + + +图 1-46 安装 MySQL + +3)在控制面板中初始化,这里输入“y”,然后按〈Enter〉键,如图1-47所示。 + +4)在控制面板中初始化设置 root 的密码,如设置 “1234”,按(Enter)键,如图 1-48 所示。 + + + +图 1-47 初始化 + + + +图 1-48 设置密码 + +5)按任意键,即打开测试页面,然后在用户密码中输入设置的密码,如图1-49所示。 + +6)在地址栏中输入“http://127.0.0.1/phpMyAdmin/” ,打开 phpMyAdmin 管理 MySQL 的页面,如图 1-50 所示。 diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00046.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00046.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d71de93fbdeaf1865ff088a48a3d2828fddf20ec --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00046.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +提示:在上面的代码中设置了文本的三个属性,分别是字体颜色,字体大小和字体,分别用代码 color="", size="" 和 face="" 来表示。 + +## 2.3.4 在文字中插入空格和分段 + +要将大段大段的文字排列整齐,只用上面的格式是不够的,因为这并不符合文章的安排,下面通过一个实例讲解插入空格和分段。 + +实例 2:插入空格和分段 + +下面代码会在网页中显示出一篇文章,其代码【光盘:源代码/第2章/2-5.html】如下: +``` + + + 陪你看流星雨 + + +

    陪你看流星雨

    +

    作者:笨笨的猫猫

    +      月,很羞涩,盖上薄薄的、透明的纱,像一位快出嫁的新娘。繁星,如宝石一样绣在漆黑的天空中。 +
    +      我和梦蝶坐在木桥上,甩着双脚,看着星空。梦蝶一向是多话的,今晚倒是安静,仰望着天空,什么也不说。清风吹来,梦蝶的长发被吹乱,有少许惊扰着我的面庞,有点痒,也有点舒服。 + + +``` +将上述代码文件保存到服务器的环境下,运行浏览后得到如图 2-7 所示的结果。 + + + +图 2–7 空格和换行 + +上面的版式不是很完美,因为根据阅读习惯,标题一般居中排。请看下面的代码【光盘:源代码/第2章/2-6.html】: diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00047.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00047.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e0c9daed338db4367b6b36641b8584a5c6095f60 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00047.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +``` + */ +echo "不能嵌套使用多行注释符号\n"; /* 嵌套使用会出错 */ + */ +?> +``` +将上述代码文件保存到服务器的环境下,运行浏览后得到如图3-5所示的结果。 + + + +图 3-4 注释 + + + +图 3-5 嵌套注释 + +## 3.4 PHP 的变量 + +PHP 的变量与很多语言不同,在 PHP 中使用变量之前不需要声明变量,只需为变量赋值后即可使用。本节将详细讲解 PHP 变量的基本知识。 + +## 3.4.1 变量的定义 + +PHP 中的变量名用$和标识符表示,并遵循如下的规定:
    + +□ 在 PHP 中的变量名是区分大小写的。
    + +□ 变量名必须是以符号($)开始。 + +□ 变量名开头可以以下划线开始。 + +□ 变量名不能以数字字符开头。 + +□ 变量名可以是中文。 + +☐ 变量名可以包含一些扩展字符(如重音拉丁字母),但不能包含非法扩展字符(如汉字字符和汉字字母)。 + +下面通过一个代码,对变量进行讲解,其代码如下: +``` + + +``` +变量不可以与已有的变量重名,否则将引起冲突。在给变量命名的时候,最好让变量有 diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00048.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00048.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a34cd505e4e19543c54b99bdfb20521834459435 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00048.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +上述实例代码的设计流程如下。 + +1)定义方法 bb(),设置最初拥有的钱数为 0,并调用方法 Print() 输出指定的文本字符。 + +2)定义借钱处理方法 Deposit(),并调用方法 Print() 输出指定的文本。 + +3)定义借出钱处理方法 Withdraw(),并调用方法 Print() 输出指定的文本。 + +4)定义 Main(),设置用户的名字为“我是善良的人”,最初钱数是0。 + +5)定义变量 succeed,判断处理钱数是否合法。 + +实例执行后将首先显示最初的钱数,即为 0;当按〈Enter〉键后,将执行借钱处理方法,并显示处理后的钱数;再次按〈Enter〉键后,将执行借出钱处理方法,并显示处理后的钱数。最终执行结果如图 7-2 所示。 + + + +图 7-2 实例执行结果 + +## 多学一招 + +在上述实例中,如果将借出的钱数修改为 11000,则会输出“不借给别人”的提示。另外,通过一个简单的方法实现了借钱和借给别人钱的事物处理。但是在方法内使用参数时,读者必须指定如下内容。 + +□ 定义方法时设置的接受参数以及对应的类型。 + +□ 在方法调用中设置的接受参数。 + +## 7.2 变量作用域 + +只能从代码的本地作用域内访问变量。在方法内的变量都有其对应的作用域,当访问这个变量时,需要通过这个作用域来实现。一般来说,某方法的变量只能在这个方法中使用。看下面的一段代码: +``` +namespace zuoyongyu{ + class Program + { + static void Write() + { + string mm="大家好,我是方法!!! "; + Console.WriteLine("mm={0}",mm); +} +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00049.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00049.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ace851c1164fc304e1af613966671cbe127219ef --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00049.md @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +``` +Console.WriteLine("class2.F() \n"); +} +} +class Test +{ +static void Main() +{ +class1 a = new class1(); +class2 b = new class2(); +class1 c = b; +a.F(); +b.F(); +c.F(); +Console.ReadKey(); +} +} +} +``` +上述实例代码的设计流程如下。 + +1)定义基类 class1,并在其中声明方法 $F()$。 + +2)定义 class1 的派生子类 class2,并使用 new 关键字将方法 F()隐藏。 + +3)定义类 Test。 + +4)分别创建基类 class1 的对象 a,子类 class2 的对象 b。 + +5)设置对象 c 编译时的类型为 class1,运行时的类型为 class2。 + +6)分别通过对象 a、b 和 c 调用方法 F()。 + +执行后将分别调用对应的处理方法并输出对应的文本,如图 10-2 所示。 + + + +图 10-2 实例执行结果 + +从图 10-2 所示的执行结果可以看出,只要通过声明为 class1 的对象来引用方法 F(),就总是会调用 class1 的 F()。 + +## 10.3.2 重写方法的特点 + +重写方法通常是由 override 重写的那个方法。在 C# 中,只有包含 override 关键字的方法才能重写另一个方法。否则,声明一个与从基类继承来的具有相同签名的方法,只会隐藏被继承的基类方法。看下面的一段代码: + +``` +class nm{ + public virtual void chuli() + { + } +} +class nn:nm{ + public virtual void chuli() //警告 + { +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00050.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00050.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2c3df3dc72421b47f02f87703c7dfa96aa682e14 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00050.md @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ + + +盖了所有变序性算法。排序一般是指通过对容器中元素的赋值和交换改变元素顺序。排序算法的复杂度通常低于线性算法,要用到随机存取迭代器。变序性算法不能以关联式容器作为目标,这是因为关联式容器的元素都被视为常数,不能变更。 + +## ⧉4.2 非修改性算法 + +非修改性算法不需要使用循环,就能从序列中找出某个元素。此类算法不会修改容器中元素的值,也不会修改元素的次序。下面依次介绍如下算法: + +• for each( )算法 + +· 元素计数算法 + +· 最小值和最大值算法 + +· 搜索算法 + +· 比较算法 + +## 4.2.1 for_each() 算法 + +for_each()算法非常灵活,可以非常方便地处理容器中的每一个元素。其函数的定义形式为为: +``` +for_each ( Iterator begin Iterator end, proc op ) +``` +说明:for_each 算法用以实现对区间 [begin, end] 中每个元素均调用进程(或算法)op。下面用 3 个例题来讲解 for_each() 算法的使用方法: + +1)for each()算法的最普通用法。 + +2)使用 for each() 算法时使用仿函数。 + +3)介绍 for each() 算法的返回值。 + +例 4-1 的功能是实现将向量中的每个元素的值输出到屏幕上。请读者关注代码中的中文注释。 + +## 例 4-1 +``` +#include // 包含头文件 iostream +#include // 包含头文件 vector +#include // 包含头文件 algorithm +using namespace std; // 使用命名空间 std +template // 使用模板定义类 T +void FillValue(T& vect, int first, int last) // 定义 FillValue() 函数,该函数的功能是给对象 vect 的每个元素赋值 +{ + if (last >= first) + { + for(int i = first; i <= last; ++i) //使用for循环,向序列中插入元素 + vect.insert(vect.end(i), i); + } + else + { +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00051.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00051.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5e5d6494b1eb14e1454afb3bcd54fae05a0e7014 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00051.md @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +``` +* iter = 33; +iter++; +* iter = 44; +} +``` +例5-4的执行效果如图5-5所示。 + +(2) 输入流型迭代器 + + + +图 5-5 例 5-4 的执行效果 + +输入流型迭代器是输出流型迭代器的“伙伴”,用于从输入流中读取元素。通过输入流型迭代器,算法可以从流中直接读取元素。然而,输入流型迭代器较输出流型迭代器稍微复杂一些。 + +产生输入流型迭代器时,必须提供一个输入流作为参数,迭代器将从中读取数据(一般经由输入型迭代器的通用接口,利用 operator >> 读取元素)。该读取动作可能会失败,此外算法需要知道区间是否到达终点。为了解决这些问题,可使用 end-of-stream 迭代器,可利用输入流型迭代器的默认构造函数生成。只要读取一次失败,所有输入流型迭代器都会变成 end-of-stream 迭代器。所以,每次读取结束后,应该将输入流型迭代器和 end-of-stream 迭代器比较,观察迭代器是否合理合法。 + +输入流型迭代器的构造函数会将流打开,并读取第一个元素。在确实需要用到一个输入流型迭代器之前,不要过早定义它。上述做法是必要的,否则一旦 operator 被调用,将无法传回第一个元素。这和软件版本有关系,某些版本会延缓第一次读取操作,直到第一次 operator 被调用。输入流型迭代器的各项操作见表 5-6。 + +表 5-6 输入流型迭代器的各项操作 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    算式效果
    Istream_iterator<T>()产生一个 end-of-stream 迭代器
    Istream_iterator<T> ( istream )为输入流类型对象产生一个迭代器(可能立刻读取第一个元素)
    *Iter访问先前读取的值(若构造函数未读取第一个元素,则执行读取任务)
    Iter -> member传回先前读取的元素副本
    ++iter读取下一个元素,并传回其位置
    Iter ++读取下一个元素,但传回迭代器指向前一个元素
    Iter1 == iter2检验 iter1 和 iter2 是否相等
    Iter1 != iter2检验 iter1 和 iter2 是否不相等
    + +输入流型迭代器类模板如下: +``` +template < class T, classchart = char, class traits = char_traits, class Distance = ptrdiff_t > class istream_iterator +``` +其中第一个参数是数据类型;第二个参数和第三个参数确定流的型别,第四个参数用来指定迭代器距离的表示型别。 + +两个输入流型迭代器相等的条件如下: + +1)两者都是 end-of-stream 迭代器。 + +2)两者均可进行读取操作,并指向相同的流。 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00052.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00052.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1c64b856e8fed31888d3b9f4457199fab9fea255 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00052.md @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +``` +cout << "max(float): " << numeric_limits::max() << endl; +cout << "max(double): " << numeric_limits::max() << endl; +cout << "max(long double): " << numeric_limits::max() << endl; +cout << endl; + +cout << "is_signed(char): " << numeric_limits::is_signed << endl; +cout << "is_specialized(string): " << numeric_limits::is_specialized << endl; +cout << endl; +} + +``` +例9-7的执行结果为: +max(short): 32767 +max(int): 2147483647 +max(long): 2147483647 + +max(float): 3.40282e+038 +max(double): 1.79769e+308 +max(long double): 1.79769e+308 + +ls_signed(char): 1 +ls_specialized(string): 0 + +程序执行结果的最后一行表示型别 string 没有定义数值极限,因为 string 并非数值型别。对任何型别可以进行询问:是否定义了极值。 + +## 9.4.2 较大/较小值(最大/最小值) + +STL 算法库中包含了 3 个辅助函数。一个用于挑选两者之中较大者,另一个用于在两者中的较小者,还有一个用于交换两个数值。本小节讲述最大值和最小值算法。后面章节讲述两值交换算法。算法 $\min()$ 和 $\max()$ 声明于头文件 \ 中。其声明形式如下: +``` +template + const Type& min( const Type& _Left, const Type& _Right ); +template + const Type& min( const Type& _Left, const Type& _Right, BinaryPredicate _Comp ); +template + const Type& max( const Type& _Left, const Type& _Right ); +template + const Type& max( const Type& _Left, const Type& _Right, BinaryPredicate _Comp ); +``` +当两值相等时,通常会返回第一值。上述函数的声明中,每个函数均有两个版本,即包含“比较准则”。作为“比较准则”的那个参数应该是个函数或仿函数,接受两个参数并进行比较。在某个指定规则下,判断第一参数是否小于第二次参数,并返回判断结果。 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00053.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00053.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b1782f30d6f06cfb5e086be102b0d44d3272a10b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00053.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +表达式的底;对于所有特殊化对象,此函数均是有意义的。 +``` +static T exception{} throw(); +``` +功能:epsilon()函数返回值代表1和可表示的大于1的最小值之间的误差。对于所有浮点数类型,此函数均是有意义的。 +``` +static T round_error() throw(); +``` +功能:round_error()函数可获取最大的舍入误差。 +``` +static const int min_exponent; +``` +功能:min_exponent 函数返回一个最小负整数,幂的基数是成员 radix,但该整数小于最小的规范化的浮点数。对于所有浮点类型,此函数均是有意义的。 +``` +static const int min_exponent10; +``` +功能:代表最小的负整数,10是幂的底数或基数,幂的值在规范化的浮点数范围内。对于所有浮点类型,此函数均是有意义的。 +``` +static const int max_exponent; +``` +功能:代表最大的正整数指数。该正整数的基数或底是 radix。 +``` +static const int max_exponent10; +``` +功能:代表最大的正指数(幂)整数。该整数的底或基数为 10,幂系数是可表达的有限浮点数。 +``` +static const bool has_infinity; +``` +功能:如果表达式是正的无穷,值为 true。对于所有浮点数,此函数均是有意义的。 +``` +static const bool has_quiet_NaN; +``` +功能:如果类型是一个关于 quiet 的(非信号量,不是成员)表达式,值为 true。对于所有浮点类型,此函数是有意义的。对于所有特化对象,如果其成员 is_iec559 不等于 false,has_quiet_NaN 的值应该是 true。 +``` +static const bool has_signaling_NaN; +``` +功能:如果类型是一个表达式,该表达式可以发出信号 “Not a Number.”。成员 has_signaling_NaN 为真(true)。此函数对于所有浮点类型均是有意义的。对于所有特殊化对象,当其成员 is_iec559 不等于 false 时,has_signaling_NaN 的值为 true。 +``` +static const float_denom_style has_denom; +``` +功能:如果是类型允许可表示的数值,成员 has_denorm 的值为 denorm_present;如果是类型不允许可表示的值,成员 has_denorm 的值是 denorm_absent;在编译程序时,如果不能确定该类型是否是可表示的数值,成员 has_denorm 的值为 denorm_indeterminate。对于所有浮点类型,has_denorm 均是有意义的。 +``` +static const bool has_denorm_loss; +``` +功能:如果作为一个非规范化的 loss,loss 的准确度可以被检测到,而不是一个非精确的结果,此时 has_denorm_loss 的值为真。 +``` +static T Infinity() throw(); +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00054.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00054.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8bee11ec9979a8437ab79da88914453aa40e02b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00054.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +``` +shijian=now() '取得当前的时间 +set rs2=server.CreateObject("adodb.recordset") +rs2.open "select id,name,score,price1,price2,viprice,discount from product where id in ("&id") order by id ",conn,1,1" '取得商品的价格、折扣等信息 +goods=year(shijian)&month(shijian)&day(shijian)&hour(shijian)&minute(shijian)&second(shijian) '订单表中会有一个字段存放订单时间,这就是 goods 的日期 +do while not rs2.eofest rs=server.CreateObject("adodb.recordset") +rs.open "select * from orders",conn,1,3 +rs.addnew '向订单表中插入数据 +rs("username")=trim(request.cookies("timesshop")("username")) +rs("id")=rs2("id") '商品 id 号 +rs("actiondate")=shijian '时间 +rs("productnum")=CInt(Request.Form("shop"&rs2("id"))) '商品数量 +rs("state")=2 '订单的状态 +rs("goods")=goods '订单的日期取成的字符串 +rs("postcode")=int(request.form("postcode")) '邮政编码 +rs("recepit")=trim(request.form("recepit")) '收件人 +rs("address")=trim(request.form("address")) '地址 +rs("paymethord")=int(request.form("paymethord")) '支付方式 +rs("deliverymethord")=int(request.form("deliverymethord")) '送货方式 +rs("sex")=int(request.form("sex")) '性别 +rs("comments")=HTMLEncode2(trim(request.form("comments"))) +rs.update +rs.close +set rs=nothing +``` + +下面这行代码很明显地删除了订单中的顾客名与顾客的id相同并且状态为6,且商品的id号符合的纪录。 +``` +conn.execute "delete from orders where username='"&request.cookies("timesshop")("username")&"' and id in ("&id&") and state=6" +rs2.movenext +loop +rs2.close +set rs2=nothing +'重置会话 myorder 的时间:从下面的 else 语句可以发现 session 的目的是为了避免顾客重复提交 +session("myorder")=minute(now) +else +response.Write "
    您不能重复提交!
    " +response.End +end if +下面的代码已经转移到了处理购物的第三步,即订单提交成功后。这时就需要打印出整个订单。 +``` +判断顾客账户里面的存款是否足够,若足够的话,将此次购物的费用扣除;如果不够,或者没有存款,那么就提示顾客在一周内按其所选择的方式付款。同时累加相应的顾客积分。 + +``` +set rsdeposit=server.CreateObject("adodb.recordset") +rsdeposit.open "select deposit,score from [user] where username='"&request.Cookies("timesshop")("username")&"'",conn,1,3 +if rsdeposit.eof and rsdeposit.bof then +strtxtdeposit="请您在一周内按您选择的支付方式进行汇款,汇款时请注明您的订单号!汇款后请及时通知我们" +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00055.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00055.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e147622696bc5c2204aef4784f377971f5e16d01 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00055.md @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +法分析正确,否则语法分析出错。 +``` +void CSyntax::EnStack(string szProduct) +{ + if (szProduct.length() <= 0) + { + return; + } + for(int i = szProduct.length() - 3; i >= 0; i-i-3) + { + m_ParseStack.push(atoi(szProduct.substr(i, 3).c_str())); + } +} + +void CSyntax::ClearStack() +{ + m_ParseStack.c.clear(); +} + +bool CSyntax::DeStack(int &iTop) +{ + if (m_ParseStack.empty()) + return false; + else + { + iTop = m_ParseStack.top(); + m_ParseStack.pop(); + return true; + } +} +``` +第 1 行:EnStack 函数的作用是将产生式右部符号逆向压入分析栈。参数 szProduct 就是产生式字符串,其中每 3 个字符表示一个符号的编号。 + +第 3 行:如果产生式字符串为空,则无需处理。 + +第7 ~ 10行:截取产生式字符串中相应符号的编号,并将其转换为整型值后推入分析栈。 + +第 12 行:ClearStack 函数的作用是清空分析栈。 + +第 16 行:DeStack 函数的作用是将分析栈的栈顶符号弹出,并置入 iTop 变量中。 +## 3.4 深入学习 + +自 20 世纪五六十年代以来,语法分析器的构造一直是编译技术中最炙手可热的话题之一。虽然它日趋完美,但是,这似乎并没有打消人们研究的热情。无论是从构造技术,还是从形式语言理论而言,关于语法分析器的资源都是最丰富的。从早期的递归下降分析器到近乎完美的 LR(k) 分析器,它承载的更像是一部完整的编译技术发展史。 + +与词法分析器的构造类似,自动生成技术同样适用于构造语法分析器。与 Lex 完美结合 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00056.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00056.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1d4a828d640d1d336c2f4caedaf0e1581d1e935c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00056.md @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +结点。 + +可以把例 9.7 和例 9.9 合起来加上一个主函数, 组成一个程序, 即: + +``` +# include +# include +# define LEN sizeof(struct Student) +struct Student +{long num; +float score; +struct Student * next; +}; +int n; +struct Student * creat() //建立链表的函数 +{struct Student * head; +struct Student * p1, * p2; +n=0; +p1=p2=( struct Student * ) malloc(LEN); +scanf("%ld,%f",&p1->num,&p1->score); +head=NULL; +while(p1->num!=0) +{n=n+1; +if(n==1)head=p1; +else p2->next=p1; +p2=p1; +p1=(struct Student * )malloc(LEN); +scanf("%ld,%f",&p1->num,&p1->score); +} +p2->next=NULL; +return(head); +} + +void print(struct Student * head) //输出链表的函数 +{struct Student * p; +printf("\nNow,These %d records are:\n",n); +p=head; +if(head!=NULL) +do +{printf("%ld %5.1f\n",p->num,p->score); +p=p->next; +}while(p!=NULL); +} + +int main() +{struct Student * head; +head=creat(); //调用 creat 函数,返回第 1 个结点的起始地址 +print(head); //调用 print 函数 + +``` + diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00057.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00057.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b01bdef8c61022a532bb36ea1b1bcb5c596e223c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00057.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +为简化操作,本程序只设3个学生(n=3)。在输出时使用中文字符串,以方便阅读。 + +## 编写程序: + +``` +# include +# define N 3 //学生数为 3 +struct Student //建立结构体类型 struct Student +{ int num; //学号 + char name[20]; //姓名 + float score[3]; //3 门课成绩 + float aver; //平均成绩 +}; + +int main() +{ void input(struct Student stu[]); //函数声明 + struct Student max(struct Student stu[]); //函数声明 + void print(struct Student stu); //函数声明 + struct Student stu[N], * p=stu; //定义结构体数组和指针 + input(p); //调用 input 函数 + print(max(p)); //调用 print 函数,以 max 函数的返回值作为实参 + return 0; +} + +void input(struct Student stu[]) //定义 input 函数 +{int i; + printf("请输入各学生的信息:学号、姓名、3 门课成绩:\n"); + for(i=0;istu[m].aver) m=i; //找出平均成绩最高的学生在数组中的序号 + return stu[m]; //返回包含该生信息的结构体元素 +} + +void print(struct Student stud) //定义 print 函数 +{ printf("\n 成绩最高的学生是:\n"); + printf("学号:%d\n 姓名:%s\n 三门课成绩:%5.1f,%5.1f,%5.1f\n 平均成绩:%6.2f\n", + stud.num,stud.name,stud.score[0],stud.score[1],stud.score[2],stud.aver); +} +``` + diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00058.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00058.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5f23e141db1688e92519cbfeeb264467abae8374 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00058.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +善于利用循环来处理,这样就要重复利用变量名,一个变量名在不同时间代表不同月的兔子数。 + + + +图 5.16 +在开始时,f1 代表第 1 个月的兔子数,f2 代表第 2 个月的兔子数,f3 代表第 3 个月的兔子数。$f3=f1+f2$。然后在求第 4 个月的兔子数时, 需要的是第 2 和第 3 个月的兔子数。在此不打算用 f4,f5,f6 等变量名, 而把 f1 作为“本月的前两个月”的兔子数, f2 是“本月的前一个月”的兔子数, f3 就是本月的兔子数。在求第 4 个月的兔子数前, 先把 f2(第 2 个月的兔子数)赋给 f1, 作为第 4 个月“前两个月”的兔子数, 把 f3(原来第 3 个月的兔子数)赋给 f2, 作为第 4 个月“前一个月”的兔子数, 执行 $f1+f2=f3$, 此时的 f3 就是第 4 个月的兔子数。以后依此类推。算法如图 5.16 所示。 + +## 编写程序: + +``` +# include +int main() +{ + int f1=1,f2=1,f3; + int i; + printf("%12d\n%12d\n",f1,f2); + for(i=1; i<=38; i++) + { + f3=f1+f2; + printf("%12d\n",f3); + f1=f2; + f2=f3; + } + return 0; +} +``` + +## 运行结果: + +``` +1 +1 +2 +3 +5 +8 +13 +21 +34 +55 +89 +``` +. +. +. + +**程序分析:** 程序共应输出 40 个月的兔子数。这个程序虽然是正确的,运行结果也是对的(读者可以自己运行程序并观察结果),但算法并非最好的,而且每个月的输出占一行,篇幅太大,不可取。 + +**程序改进:** 可以修改程序,在循环体中一次求出下两个月的兔子数。而且只用两个变量 f1 和 f2 就够了,不必用 f3。这里有一个技巧,把 f1 + f2 的结果不放在 f3 中,而放在 f1 中取代了 f1 的原值,此时 f1 不再代表前两个月的兔子数,而代表新求出来的第 3 个月的兔子 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00059.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00059.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f66a0a7db0ce4937ecb464266758ebd6e1060d5f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00059.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +``` +returm(2*z); +} +``` + +在调用函数 f 的过程中, 又要调用 f 函数(本函数), 这是直接调用本函数, 见图 7.6。 + +如果在调用 f1 函数过程中要调用 f2 函数,而在调用 f2 函数过程中又要调用 f1 函数,就是间接调用本函数,见图 7.7。 + + + +图 7.6 + + + +图 7.7 + +可以看到,图 7.6 和图 7.7 这两种递归调用都是无终止的自身调用。显然,程序中不应出现这种无终止的递归调用,而只应出现有限次数的、有终止的递归调用,这可以用 if 语句来控制,只有在某一条件成立时才继续执行递归调用;否则就不再继续。 + +关于递归的概念,有些初学者感到不好理解,下面用一个通俗的例子来说明。 + +【例 7.6】有 5 个学生坐在一起,问第 5 个学生多少岁,他说比第 4 个学生大 2 岁。问第 4 个学生岁数,他说比第 3 个学生大 2 岁。问第 3 个学生,又说比第 2 个学生大 2 岁。问第 2 个学生,说比第 1 个学生大 2 岁。最后问第 1 个学生,他说是 10 岁。请问第 5 个学生多大。 + +解题思路:要求第5个学生的年龄,就必须先知道第4个学生的年龄,而第4个学生的年龄也不知道,要求第4个学生的年龄必须先知道第3个学生的年龄,而第3个学生的年龄又取决于第2个学生的年龄,第2个学生的年龄取决于第1个学生的年龄。而且每一个学生的年龄都比其前1个学生的年龄大2。即: + +age(5) = age(4) + 2 + +$age(4) = age(3) + 2$ + +$age(3) = age(2) + 2$ + +$age(2) = age(1) + 2$ + +$age(1) = 10$ + +可以用数学公式表述如下: + +$\text{age}(n) = 10 \quad (n = 1)$ + +$\mathrm{age}(n)=\mathrm{age}(n-1)+2\quad(n>1)$ + +可以看到,当 $n \geq 1$ 时,求每位学生的年龄的公式是相同的。因此可以用一个函数表示上述关系。图 7.8 表示求第 5 个学生年龄的过程。 + +显然,这是一个递归问题。由图7.8可知,求解可分成两个阶段:第1阶段是“回溯”,即将第5个学生的年龄表示为第4个学生年龄的函数,表示为$age(5)=age(4)+2$。而第4个学生的年龄仍然不知道,还要“回溯”到第3个学生的年龄,表示为$age(4)=age(3)+2$……直到第1个学生的年龄。此时$age(1)$已知等于10,不必再向前回溯了。然后开始第2阶段,采用递推方法,从第1个学生的已知年龄推算出第2个学生的年龄(12岁),从第2个学生的年龄推算出第3个学生的年龄(14岁)……一直推算出第5个学生的年龄(18岁)为 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00060.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00060.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a246c9fb726d304b215e96263f949e34d8e634de --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00060.md @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +## 9.4.4 输出链表 + +将链表中各结点的数据依次输出。这个问题比较容易处理。 + +【例 9.10】编写一个输出链表的函数 print。 + +解题思路:从例 9.8 已经初步了解输出链表的方法。首先要知道链表第 1 个结点的地址,也就是要知道 head 的值。然后设一个指针变量 p,先指向第 1 个结点,输出 p 所指的结点,然后使 p 后移一个结点,再输出,直到链表的尾结点。 + + + +图 9.15 + +根据上面的思路,写出算法如图 9.15 所示。 + +编写程序:根据流程图写出以下函数: + +``` +# include +# include +# define LEN sizeof(struct Student) +struct Student //声明结构体类型 struct Student +{long num; +float score; +struct Student * next; +}; +int n; //全局变量 n +void print(struct Student * head) //定义 print 函数 +{struct Student * p; //在函数中定义 struct Student 类型的变量 p +printf("\nNow,These %d records are:\n",n); +p=head; //使 p 指向第 1 个结点 +if(head!=NULL) //若不是空表 +do +{printf("%ld %5.1f\n",p->num,p->score); //输出一个结点中的学号与成绩 +p=p->next; //p 指向下一个结点 +}while(p!=NULL); //当 p 不是“空地址” +} +``` + +程序分析:以上只是一个函数,可以单独编译,但不能单独运行。其中的外部声明(类型声明)和定义(变量 n)是与其他函数共享的。如果把它和例 9.9 的程序组成一个文件模块,则例 9.10 中的第 1~9 行可以不要。 + +print 函数的操作过程可用图 9.16 表示。头指针 head 从实参接收了链表的第 1 个结点的起始地址,把它赋给 p,于是 p 指向第 1 个结点,输出 p 指向的结点(第 1 个结点)的数据,然后,执行 “p = p->next;”,p->next 是 p 指向的结点中的 next 成员,即第 1 个结点中的next 成员,p->next 中存放了第 2 个结点的地址,执行“p=p->next;”后,p 就指向第 2 个结点,p 移到图中 p' 虚线位置(指向第 2 个结点)。“p=p->next;”的作用是将 p 原来所指向的结点中 next 的值赋给 p,使 p 指向下一个结点。print 函数从 head 所指的第 1 个结点出发顺序输出各个 + + + +图 9.16 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00061.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00061.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8786c237da18f38a8556120e7b4487cf43b42cf4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00061.md @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +(1)从键盘读入 n 个字符串,存放在一个二维字符数组中,每个一维数组存放一个字符串; + +(2)对字符数组中的 n 个字符串按字母顺序排序,排序后的字符串仍存放在字符数组中; + +(3) 将字符数组中的字符串顺序输出。 + +## 编写程序: + +``` +#include +#include +#include +int main() +{ FILE * fp; + char str[3][10],temp[10]; //str 是用来存放字符串的二维数组,temp 是临时数组 + int i,j,k,n=3; + printf("Enter strings:\n"); //提示输入字符串 + for(i=0;i0) k=j; + if(k!=i) + { strcpy(temp,str[i]); + strcpy(str[i],str[k]); + strcpy(str[k],temp); + } + } + if((fp=fopen("D:\\CC\\string.dat","w"))==NULL) //打开磁盘文件 + { + printf("can't open file!\n"); + exit(0); + } + printf("\nThe new sequence:\n"); + for(i=0;i + +图 5.10 + +在逗号表达式内按自左至右顺序求解,整个逗号表达式的值为最右边的表达式的值。例如: + +相当于 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00063.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00063.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4f0be0352f9b2cdf2aa9ace41e65228a5c9eca04 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00063.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +``` +int a=3,b=3,c=3; +``` +表示 a, b, c 的初值都是 3。不能写成 +``` +int a=b=c=3; +``` +一般变量初始化不是在编译阶段完成的(只有在静态存储变量和外部变量的初始化是在编译阶段完成的),而是在程序运行时执行本函数时赋予初值的,相当于执行一个赋值语句。例如: +``` +int a=3; +``` +相当于 +``` +int a; //指定 a 为整型变量 +a=3; //赋值语句,将 3 赋给 a +``` +又如: +``` +int a,b,c=5; +``` +相当于 +``` +int a,b,c; //指定 a,b,c 为整型变量 +c=5; //将 5 赋给 c +``` +# 3.5 数据的输入输出 + +## 3.5.1 输入输出举例 + +前面已经看到了利用 printf 函数进行数据输出的程序, 现在再介绍一个包含输入和输出的程序。 + +【例 3.5】 求 $ax^2 + bx + c = 0$ 方程的根。$a, b, c$ 由键盘输入,设 $b^2 - 4ac > 0$。 + +解题思路:首先要知道求方程式的根的方法。由数学知识已知:如果 $b^2 - 4ac \geq 0$,则一元二次方程有两个实根: + +$x_1 = \frac{-b + \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}, \quad x_2 = \frac{-b - \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}$ + +可以将上面的分式分为两项: + +$p=\frac{-b}{2a},\quad q=\frac{\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}$ + +则 + +$x_1 = p + q, \quad x_2 = p - q$ + +有了这些式子,只要知道 $a,b,c$ 的值,就能顺利地求出方程的两个根。 + +剩下的问题就是输入 $a, b, c$ 的值和输出根的值了。需要用 scanf 函数输入 $a, b, c$ 的值,用 printf 函数输出两个实根的值。 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00064.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00064.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..25e537c4172d831242ccb81073ef82aefd4ace44 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00064.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +可以看到:要处理以上问题,关键在于进行“条件判断”。 + +由于程序处理问题的需要,在大多数程序中都会包含选择结构,需要在进行下一个操作之前先进行条件判断。 + +C 语言有两种选择语句:(1) if 语句,用来实现两个分支的选择结构;(2) switch 语句,用来实现多分支的选择结构。本节先介绍怎样用 if 语句实现双分支选择结构,这是很容易理解的,然后在此基础上介绍怎样用 switch 语句实现多分支选择结构。 + +【例 4.1】 在例 3.5 的基础上对程序进行改进。题目要求解得 $ax^2 + bx + c = 0$ 方程的根。由键盘输入 $a, b, c$。假设 $a, b, c$ 的值任意,并不保证 $b^2 - 4ac \geq 0$。需要在程序中进行判别,如果 $b^2 - 4ac \geq 0$,就计算并输出方程的两个实根,如果 $b^2 - 4ac < 0$,就输出“此方程无实根”的信息。 + + + +图 4.3 + +解题思路:画出流程图,见图 4.3。 + +## 编写程序: +``` +#include +#include //程序中要调用求平方根函数 sqrt +int main() +{ + double a,b,c,disc,x1,x2,p,q; //disc 是判别式 sqrt(b*b-4ac) + scanf("%lf%lf%lf",&a,&b,&c); //输入双精度浮点型变量的值要用格式声明"%lf" + disc=b* b-4 * a* c; + if(disc<=0) //若 b^2-4ac<=0 + printf("This equation hasn't real roots +"); //输出“此方程无实根” + else + { p=-b/(2.0*a); + q=sqrt(disc)/(2.0*a); + x1=p+q;x2=p-q; //求出方程的两个根 + printf("real roots:\nx1=%7.2f\nx2=%7.2f\n",x1,x2); //输出方程的两个根 + } + return 0; +} +``` +## 运行结果(运行两次): +``` +6 3 1 +This equation hasn't real roots +``` +输入 a, b, c 的值(6,3,1),程序输出“此方程无实根”。 +``` +2 4 1 +real roots: +x1= -0.29 +x2= -1.71 +``` +输入 a, b, c 的值 (2, 4, 1),程序输出两个实根。 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00065.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00065.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..183f301677a9938ebef8bffcb22ace0a4afa96bf --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00065.md @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +``` +{ void inv(int *x,int n); //inv 函数声明 +int i,*arr; //指针变量 arr 未指向数组元素 +printf("The original array:\n"); +for(i=0;i<=10;i++) +scanf("%d",arr+i); +printf("\n"); +inv(arr,10); //调用 inv 函数,实参 arr 是指针变量,但无指向 +printf("The array has been inverted:\n"); +for(i=0;i<=10;i++) +printf("%d ",*(arr+i)); +printf("\n"); +return 0; +} +``` +编译时出错,原因是指针变量 arr 没有确定值,谈不上指向哪个变量。下面的使用是不正确的: +``` +int main() + { int * p; + ⋮ + f(p,10); + ⋮ +} +f(x[],int n) +{ + ⋮ +} +``` +注意:如果用指针变量作实参,必须先使指针变量有确定值,指向一个已定义的对象。 + +以上 4 种方法,实质上都是地址的传递。其中(3)和(4)两种只是形式上不同,实际上形参都是使用指针变量。 + +【例 8.10】用指针方法对 10 个整数按由大到小顺序排序。 + +解题思路:在主函数中定义数组 a 存放 10 个整数,定义 int * 型指针变量 p 并指向 a[0]。定义函数 sort 使数组 a 中的元素按由大到小的顺序排列。在主函数中调用 sort 函数,用指针变量 p 作实参。sort 函数的形参用数组名。用选择法进行排序,选择排序法的算法前已介绍。 + +## 编写程序: + +``` +#include +int main() +{void sort(int x[],int n);//sort 函数声明 +int i, *p, a[10]; +p=a;//指针变量 p 指向 a[0] +printf("please enter 10 integer numbers:"); +for(i=0;i<10;i++) +scanf("%d",p++) ;//输入 10 个整数 +p=a;//指针变量 p 重新指向 a[0] +sort(p,10);//调用 sort 函数 +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00066.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00066.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..73232a26bacdfd8d921b889b634ba30033013b08 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00066.md @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +字符,见图 6.14。 + + + +图 6.14 + +说明:字符数组并不要求它的最后一个字符为'\0',甚至可以不包含'\0'。像以下这样写完全是合法的: +``` +char c[5] = {'C', 'h', 'i', 'n', 'a'}; +``` +是否需要加'\0',完全根据需要决定。由于系统在处理字符串常量存储时会自动加一个'\0',因此,为了使处理方法一致,便于测定字符串的实际长度,以及在程序中作相应的处理,在字符数组中也常常人为地加上一个'\0'。例如: +``` +char c[6]={'C','h','i','n','a','\0'}; +``` +这样做,便于引用字符数组中的字符串。 + +如定义了以下的字符数组: +``` +char c[] = {"C program."}; +``` +由于系统自动在字符串常量的最后一个字符后面加了一个'\0',因此 c 数组的存储情况如下: + + + +若想用一个新的字符串代替原有的字符串"C program.",如从键盘输入"Hello"分别赋给c数组中前面5个元素。如果不加'\0'的话,字符数组中的字符如下: + + + +新字符串和老字符串连成一片,无法区分开。如果想输出字符数组中的字符串,则会连续输出: +``` +Hellogram. +``` +如果在"Hello"后面加一个'\0',它取代了第6个字符'g'。在数组中的存储情况为 + + + +$'\backslash0'$是字符串结束标志,如果用以下语句输出数组c中的字符串: +``` +printf(" %s\n",c); //输出数组 c 中的字符串 +``` +在输出字符数组中的字符串时,遇'\0'就停止输出,因此只输出了字符串"Hello"。而不会输出"Hellogram."。 + +从这里可以看到在字符串末尾加'\0'的作用。 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00067.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00067.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1798b360159e5e8e637ec073b9b3566f38228b40 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00067.md @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +默认其路径为当前用户所使用的子目录(即源文件所在的目录),在此目录下建立一个新文件 stu.dat,输出的数据存放在此文件中。 + +(4)程序运行时,屏幕上并无输出任何信息,只是将从键盘输入的数据送到磁盘文件上。 + +为了验证在磁盘文件 stu. dat 中是否已存在此数据, 可以用以下程序从 stu. dat 文件中读入数据, 然后在屏幕上输出。 + +``` +#include +#include +#define SIZE 10 +struct Student_type +{char name[10]; + int num; + int age; + char addr[15]; +}stud[SIZE]; + +int main() +{int i; + FILE * fp; + if((fp=fopen ("stu.dat","rb"))==NULL) //打开输入文件 stu.dat + {printf("cannot open file\n"); + exit(0); + } + for(i=0;i灵活加锁 60 +3.2.7 在不同作用域之间转移互斥归属权 61 +3.2.8 按适合的粒度加锁 62 +3.3 保护共享数据的其他工具 64 +3.3.1 在初始化过程中保护共享数据 65 +3.3.2 保护甚少更新的数据结构 68 +3.3.3 递归加锁 70 +3.4 小结 71 + +第4章 并发操作的同步 73 +4.1 等待事件或等待其他条件 73 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00069.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00069.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f47a049a7490efd3ce766800509b3e008ebef58d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00069.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +化 “读-改-写” 操作(像 fetch_add() 和 exchange())则为获取或释放操作,或二者皆是(memory_order_acq_rel)。这种内存次序在成对的读写线程之间起到同步作用。释放与获取操作构成同步关系,前者写出的值由后者读取。换言之,若多个线程服从获取-释放次序,则其所见的操作序列可能各异,但其差异的程度和方式都受到一定条件的制约。 +代码清单 5.4 原本服从保护语义,代码清单 5.7 是改用获取-释放次序语义的重写版本。 + +## 代码清单 5.7 获取-释放操作不会构成单一的全局总操作序列 +``` +#include +#include +#include +std::atomic x,y; +std::atomic z; +void write_x() +{ + x.store(true,std::memory_order_release); +} +void write_y() +{ + y.store(true,std::memory_order_release); +} +void read_x_then_y() +{ + while(!x.load(std::memory_order_acquire)); + if(y.load(std::memory_order_acquire)) <----① + ++z; +} +void read_y_then_x() +{ + while(!y.load(std::memory_order_acquire)); + if(x.load(std::memory_order_acquire)) <----② + ++z; +} +int main() +{ + x=false; + y=false; + z=0; + std::thread a(write_x); + std::thread b(write_y); + std::thread c(read_x_then_y); + std::thread d(read_y_then_x); + a.join(); + b.join(); + c.join(); + d.join(); + assert(z.load())!=0); <-----③ +} +``` +本例中,变量 x 和 y 的载入操作②①有可能都读取 false 值(与宽松次序的情况一样),因此有可能令断言触发错误③。变量 x 和 y 分别由不同线程写出,所以两个释放 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00070.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00070.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8982dd436849e7a1c2e7cd5a988da246980f243b --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00070.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +``` +value=std::move(*head->data); +return pop_head(); +} +public: +std::shared_ptr wait_and_pop() +{ + std::unique_ptr const old_head=wait_pop_head(); + return old_head->data; +} +void wait_and_pop(T& value) +{ + std::unique_ptr const old_head=wait_pop_head(value); +} +}; +``` +代码清单 6.9 展示出 wait_and_pop() 实现代码,它含有几个辅助函数,用以简化代码和减少重复,如 pop_head()①和 wait_for_data()②。前者移除头节点而改动队列,后者则等待数据加入空队列,以将其弹出。wait_for_data()特别值得注意,它在条件变量上等待,以 lambda 函数作为断言,并且向调用者返回锁的实例③。因为 wait_pop_head() 的两个重载都会改动队列数据,并且都依赖 wait_for_data() 函数,而后者将锁返回则保证了头节点弹出的全过程都持有同一个锁④⑤。这里的 pop_head() 也为 try_pop() 复用,如代码清单 6.10 所示。 + +## 代码清单6.10 采用锁操作并支持等待功能的线程安全的队列:try_pop()和empty() + +``` +template +class threadsafe_queue +{ +private: +std::unique_ptr try_pop_head() +{ + std::lock_guard head_lock(head_mutex); + if(head.get()==get_tail()) + { + return std::unique_ptr(); + } + return pop_head(); +} +std::unique_ptr try_pop_head(T& value) +( + std::lock_guard head_lock(head_mutex); + if(head.get()==get_tail()) + { + return std::unique_ptr(); + } + value=std::move(*head->data); + return pop_head(); +} + +public: +std::shared_ptr try_pop() +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00071.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00071.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..053753daccca020d97a18f75f071b1bfd63c8191 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00071.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ + +is_sorted()、is_sorted_until()、nth_element()、merge()、inplace_merge()、includes()、set_union()、set_intersection()、set_difference()、set_symmetric_difference()、is_heap()、is_heap_until()、min_element()、max_element()、minmax_element()、lexicographical_compare()、reduce()、transform_reduce()、exclusive_scan()、inclusive_scan()、transform_exclusive_scan()、transform_inclusive_scan()和adjacent_difference()等。 + +上面列出了不少 C++ 标准库中可以并行化的算法函数。std::accumulate() 函数是一个严格串行化的累加求和函数,所以不在其中,请读者注意类似的函数。然而,std::reduce() 函数与之对应,功能更一般化,却被收入其中。C++ 标准对此给出了适当的警告:若该函数的内部操作不满足结合律和交换律,那么,由于操作次序的不明确,因此可能会导致结果不确定。 + +对于上面列出的每个算法函数的“普通版本”,在其参数列表最前面插入一个参数作为执行策略,即可得到对应的重载变体(在执行策略后面,再依次给出“普通版本”的原有参数)。例如,std::sort()函数原本具有两个普通重载,都不支持执行策略。 +``` +template +void sort(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last); + +template +void sort( + RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last, Compare comp); +``` +该函数还具有另外两个重载,它们可以指定执行策略,形式如下。 +``` +template +void sort( + ExecutionPolicy& exec, + RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last); + +template +void sort( + ExecutionPolicy& exec, + RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last, Compare comp); +``` +支持执行策略与否,不仅令算法函数的签名产生区别,更会改变其中一些函数的参数,影响重大:若“普通算法函数”可接受输入迭代器或输出迭代器,则其接受执行策略的重载只接受前向迭代器。这是因为输入迭代器本质上是单通(single-pass)迭代器:我们只能通过它访问当前位置的元素,却不能将它逆转到以往位置的元素。类似地,输出迭代器只准许向当前位置的元素写入,不能令它向前跳变而提早写入某个元素,再往回跳变写入之前的元素。 + +## C++标准库的迭代器类别 + +C++标准库定义了5个类别的迭代器:输入迭代器(input iterator)、输出迭代器(output iterator)、前向迭代器(forward iterator)、双向迭代器(bidirectional iterator)和随机访 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00072.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00072.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..117f7ab0b359c4986eea87de8b75fbec24c7b1c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00072.md @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +``` +t(std::forward(func),std::forward(args)...) +{} + explicit joining_thread(std::thread t_) noexcept; + t(std::move(t_)); +{} +joining_thread(joining_thread&& other) noexcept; +t(std::move(other.t)); +{} +joining_thread& operator=(joining_thread&& other) noexcept +{ + if(joinable()) + join(); + t=std::move(other.t); + return *this; +} +joining_thread& operator=(std::thread other) noexcept +{ + if(joinable()) + join(); + t=std::move(other); + return *this; +} +~joining_thread() noexcept +{ + if(joinable()) + join(); +} + +void swap(joining_thread& other) noexcept +{ + t.swap(other.t); +} +std::thread::id get_id() const noexcept{ + return t.get_id(); +} +bool joinable() const noexcept +{ + return t.joinable(); +} +void join() +{ + t.join(); +} +void detach() +{ + t,detach(); +} +std::thread& as_thread() noexcept +{ + return t; +} +const std::thread& as_thread() const noexcept +{ + return t; +} +; +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00073.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00073.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..da6ec6ebec1f2d03a942bd41e05e57bd58217f11 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00073.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ + +或 “2,1”,但因两次调用 get_num() 的次序不明,所以无法确定到底输出哪一个。 + +## 代码清单 5.3 函数调用需要求出所传入参数的值,但求值运算次序并不明确 +``` +#include +void foo(int a,int b) +{ + std::cout< +std::future::type> +submit(FunctionType f) +{ + typedef typename std::result_of::type result_type; + std::packaged_task task(f); + std::future res(task.get_future()); + if(local_work_queue) <----④ + { + local_work_queue->push(std::move(task)); + } + else + { + pool_work_queue.push(std::move(task)); <----⑤ + } + return res; +} +void run_pending_task() +{ + function_wrapper task; + if(local_work_queue && !local_work_queue->empty()) <----⑥ + { + task=std::move(local_work_queue->front()); + local_work_queue->pop(); + task(); + } + else if(pool_work_queue.try_pop(task)) <----⑦ + { + task(); + } + else + { + std::this_thread::yield(); + } +} +// 余下代码与代码清单 9.5 相同 +}; +``` + +代码清单 9.6 中,线程局部的任务队列由 std::unique_ptr<>指针持有②,该队列先在 worker_thread()函数中完成初始化③,再进入处理任务的循环。 + +按此设计,池外的其他无关线程就不必无意义地附带队列¹。在线程退出时,std::unique_ptr<>的析构函数会销毁任务队列。 + +本例以 std::unique_ptr<> 指针为微小代价,节省出的 std::queue\ 的内存空间十分可观,属典范设计。 + +1 译者注:关键字 thread_local 对程序内的全部线程一视同仁,都起作用。所以,无论池内、池外,每个线程都具有自己专属的 std::unique_ptr<> 指针,只不过池外线程不含队列,其指针的目标为空,而池内线程则会分别生成专属的队列,为指针所指向。 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00075.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00075.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8856955af4ac6aa4dcb8ce502868be4232cf7f5c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00075.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +款了,才开始去找小红莓果酱)。只要条件允许,我们仅仅在访问共享数据期间才锁住互斥,让数据处理尽可能不用锁保护。请特别注意,持锁期间应避免任何耗时的操作,如读写文件。同样是读写总量相等的数据,文件操作通常比内存慢几百倍甚至几千倍。除非锁的本意正是保护文件访问,否则,为 I/O 操作加锁将毫无必要地阻塞其他线程(它们因等待获取锁而被阻塞),即使运用了多线程也无法提升性能。 + +这种情况可用 std::unique_lock 处理:假如代码不再需要访问共享数据,那我们就调用 unlock() 解锁;若以后需重新访问,则调用 lock() 加锁。 +``` +void get_and_process_data() +{ + std::unique_lock my_lock(the_mutex); + some_class data_to_process=get_next_data_chunk(); + my_lock.unlock();<----①假定在调用process()期间,互斥无须加锁 + result_type result=process(data_to_process); + my_lock.lock();<----②重新锁住互斥,以写出结果 + write_result(data_to_process,result); +} +``` +假定 process() 函数全程无须为互斥加锁,那我们应该在调用前手动解锁①,其后重新锁定②。 + +希望读者可以清楚下面的事实:若只用单独一个互斥保护整个数据结构,不但很可能加剧锁的争夺,还将难以缩短持锁时间。假设某项操作需对同一个互斥全程加锁,当中步骤越多,则持锁时间越久。这是一种双重损失,恰恰加倍促使我们尽可能改用粒度精细的锁。 + +上例说明,加锁时选用恰当的粒度,不仅事关锁定数据量的大小,还牵涉持锁时间以及持锁期间能执行什么操作。一般地,若要执行某项操作,那我们应该只在所需的最短时间内持锁。换言之,除非绝对必要,否则不得在持锁期间进行耗时的操作,如等待I/O完成或获取另一个锁(即便我们知道不会死锁)。 + +在代码清单 3.6 和代码清单 3.9 中,数据互换操作显然必须并发访问两个对象,该操作需锁定两个互斥。设想原本的场景变成:我们试图比较两个简单的数据成员,其型别是 C++ 的原生 int。新、旧场景存在区别吗?存在。因为 int 的值复制起来开销甚低,所以程序可以先锁住比较运算的目标对象,从中轻松地复制出各自相关的数据,再用复制的值进行比较运算。这样做的意义是,我们并非先持有一个锁再锁定另一个互斥,而是分别对两个互斥加锁,使得持锁时间最短。代码清单 3.10 实现了上述方式,通过类 Y 示范等值比较运算符。 + +## 代码清单3.10 在比较运算的过程中,每次只锁住一个互斥 +``` +class Y +{ +private: +``` diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00076.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00076.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..129bff29aca9549cb4a782f5fdda2cf02368d9c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00076.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +``` +}; +template +T parallel_accumulate(Iterator first,Iterator last,T init) +{ + unsigned long const length=std::distance(first,last); + if(!length) + return init; + unsigned long const min_per_thread=25; + unsigned long const max_threads= + (length+min_per_thread-1)/min_per_thread; + unsigned long const hardware_threads= + std::thread::hardware_concurrency(); + unsigned long const num_threads= + std::min(hardware_threads!=0?hardware_threads:2,max_threads); + unsigned long const block_size=length/num_threads; + std::vector > futures(num_threads-1); <----③ + std::vector threads(num_threads-1); + Iterator block_start=first; + for(unsigned long i=0;i<(num_threads-1);++i) + { + Iterator block_end=block_start; + std::advance(block_end,block_size); + std::packaged_task task( <----④ + accumulate_block()); + futures[i]=task.get_future(); <----⑤ + threads[i]=std::thread(std::move(task),block_start,block_end); <----⑥ + block_start=block_end; + } + T last_result=accumulate_block( ) (block_start,last); <----⑦ + std::for_each(threads.begin(),threads.end(), + std::mem_fn(std::thread::join)); + T result=init; <----⑧ + for(unsigned long i=0;i<(num_threads-1);++i) + { + result+=futures[i].get(); <----⑨ + } + result += last_result; <----⑩ + return result; +} +``` +第一项变化是,型别 accumulate_block 的函数调用操作符现在直接返回结果①,而不再接受某个参数的引用以存储结果$^{1}$。为了保证异常安全,我们使用了 std::packaged_task 类和 std::future 类,故因势乘便,也借其传递结果。由于取消了 result 参数(代码清单 8.2 的①处),因此在调用 std::accumulate() 时,需显式传入一个型别为 T 的对象,它按默认方式构造②,作为累加结果的原始值,但这只是次要的修改。 + +下一项变化是,我们不再用 vector 容器直接存储结果,而将容器中的元素改为 future,为生成的线程分别存储一个 std::future\ 对象$^{③}$。在生成线程的循环中,我们先针对目 + +1 译者注:请注意代码清单 8.2 与代码清单 8.3 的①并非同指一处。 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00077.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00077.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a744da7ce692eb32d2956ee39f2dd1713cd6ab28 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00077.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +## 11.9 Adadelta + +Adadelta是AdaGrad的另一种变体(11.7节),主要区别在于前者减少了学习率适应坐标的数量。此外,广义上Adadelta被称为没有学习率,因为它使用变化量本身作为未来变化的校准。Adadelta算法是在(Zeiler,2012)中提出的。 + +## 11.9.1 Adadelta算法 + +简而言之, $Adadelta$ 使用两个状态变量, $\mathbf{s}_t$ 用于存储梯度二阶导数的泄露平均值, $\Delta\mathbf{x}_t$ 用于存储模型本身中参数变化二阶导数的泄露平均值。请注意, 为了与其他出版物和实现的兼容性, 我们使用作者的原始符号和命名 (没有其它真正理由让大家使用不同的希腊变量来表示在动量法、AdaGrad、RMSProp 和 $Adadelta$ 中用于相同用途的参数)。 + +以下是Adadelta的技术细节。鉴于参数du jour是$\rho$,我们获得了与11.8节类似的以下泄漏更新: + +$\mathbf{s}_{t}=\rho\mathbf{s}_{t-1}+(1-\rho)\mathbf{g}_{t}^{2}.\quad(11.9.1)$ + +与 11.8节的区别在于,我们使用重新缩放的梯度$\mathbf{g}_t'$执行更新,即 + +$\mathbf{x}_{t}=\mathbf{x}_{t-1}-\mathbf{g}_{t}^{\prime}.\quad(11.9.2)$ + +那么,调整后的梯度$\mathbf{g}'_t$是什么?我们可以按如下方式计算它: + +$\mathbf{g}_t' = \frac{\sqrt{\Delta \mathbf{x}_{t-1} + \epsilon}}{\sqrt{\mathbf{s}_t + \epsilon}} \odot \mathbf{g}_t,$ $\quad(11.9.3)$ + +其中$\Delta \mathbf{x}_{t-1}$是重新缩放梯度的平方$\mathbf{g}_t'$的泄漏平均值。我们将$\Delta \mathbf{x}_0$初始化为0,然后在每个步骤中使用$\mathbf{g}_t'$更新它,即 + +$\Delta\mathbf{x}_{t}=\rho\Delta\mathbf{x}_{t-1}+(1-\rho)\mathbf{g}_{t}^{\prime2},\quad(11.9.4)$ + +和$\epsilon$(例如$10^{-5}$这样的小值)是为了保持数字稳定性而加入的。 + +## 11.9.2 代码实现 + +Adadelta需要为每个变量维护两个状态变量,即$\mathbf{s}_t$和$\Delta\mathbf{x}_t$。这将产生以下实现。 + +(continues on next page) +``` +%matplotlib inline +import torch +from d21 import torch as d21 + +def init_adadelta_states(feature_dim): + s_w, s_b = torch.zeros((feature_dim, 1)), torch.zeros(1) +``` diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00078.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00078.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8424c9b415eb93c1fda622a5d610f1ee6cc7700c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00078.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ + + +图6.3.1: 带填充的二维互相关。 + +通常,如果我们添加$p_h$行填充(大约一半在顶部,一半在底部)和$p_w$列填充(左侧大约一半,右侧一半),则输出形状将为 + +$(n_{h}-k_{h}+p_{h}+1)\times(n_{w}-k_{w}+p_{w}+1)\boxtimes\quad(6.3.1)$ + +这意味着输出的高度和宽度将分别增加$p_{h}$和$p_{w}$。 + +在许多情况下,我们需要设置$p_h = k_h - 1$和$p_w = k_w - 1$,使输入和输出具有相同的高度和宽度。这样可以在构建网络时更容易地预测每个图层的输出形状。假设$k_h$是奇数,我们将在高度的两侧填充$p_h/2$行。如果$k_h$是偶数,则一种可能性是在输入顶部填充$\lfloor p_h/2 \rfloor$行,在底部填充$\lceil p_h/2 \rceil$行。同理,我们填充宽度的两侧。 + +卷积神经网络中卷积核的高度和宽度通常为奇数,例如1、3、5或7。选择奇数的好处是,保持空间维度的同时,我们可以在顶部和底部填充相同数量的行,在左侧和右侧填充相同数量的列。 + +此外,使用奇数的核大小和填充大小也提供了书写上的便利。对于任何二维张量x,当满足:1. 卷积核的大小是奇数;2. 所有边的填充行数和列数相同;3. 输出与输入具有相同高度和宽度则可以得出:输出Y[i, j]是通过以输入X[i, j]为中心,与卷积核进行互相关计算得到的。 + +比如,在下面的例子中,我们创建一个高度和宽度为3的二维卷积层,并在所有侧边填充1个像素。给定高度和宽度为8的输入,则输出的高度和宽度也是8。 + +``` +import torch +from torch import nn + +# 为了方便起见,我们定义了一个计算卷积层的函数。 +# 此函数初始化卷积层权重,并对输入和输出提高和缩减相应的维数 +def comp_conv2d(conv2d, X): + # 这里的(1,1)表示批量大小和通道数都是1 + X = X.reshape((1, 1)) + X.shape + Y = conv2d(X) + # 省略前两个维度:批量大小和通道 + return Y.reshape(Y.shape[2:]) + +# 请注意,这里每边都填充了1行或1列,因此总共添加了2行或2列 +conv2d = nn.Conv2d(1, 1, kernel_size=3, padding=1) +``` +(continues on next page) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00079.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00079.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dd7653a64eccb2919e4c6871569f0806b0a646ce --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00079.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +## 2.1.5 节省内存 + +运行一些操作可能会导致为新结果分配内存。例如,如果我们用$Y = X + Y$,我们将取消引用Y指向的张量,而是指向新分配的内存处的张量。 + +在下面的例子中,我们用Python的id()函数演示了这一点,它给我们提供了内存中引用对象的确切地址。运行$Y = Y + x$后,我们会发现id(Y)指向另一个位置。这是因为Python首先计算$Y + x$,为结果分配新的内存,然后使Y指向内存中的这个新位置。 +``` +before = id(Y) +Y = Y + X +id(Y) == before +``` +``` +False +``` +这可能是不可取的,原因有两个: + +1. 首先,我们不想总是不必要地分配内存。在机器学习中,我们可能有数百兆的参数,并且在一秒内多次更新所有参数。通常情况下,我们希望原地执行这些更新; + +2. 如果我们不原地更新,其他引用仍然会指向旧的内存位置,这样我们的某些代码可能会无意中引用旧的参数。 + +幸运的是, 执行原地操作非常简单。我们可以使用切片表示法将操作的结果分配给先前分配的数组, 例如 Y[:] = \。为了说明这一点, 我们首先创建一个新的矩阵 Z, 其形状与另一个 Y 相同, 使用 zeros_like 来分配一个全 0 的块。 +``` +Z = torch.zeros_like(Y) +print('id(Z): ', id(Z)) +Z[:] = X + Y +print('id(Z): ', id(Z)) +``` +``` +id(Z): 140327634811696 +id(Z): 140327634811696 +``` +如果在后续计算中没有重复使用X,我们也可以使用$X[:] = X + Y$或$X += Y$来减少操作的内存开销。 +``` +before = id(X) +X += Y +id(X) == before +``` +``` +True +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00080.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00080.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8c81f83dc801881358943282591978b695610eff --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00080.md @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +(continued from previous page) +``` +self.vocab = d21.Vocab(all_premise_tokens + \ +all_hypothesis_tokens, min_freq=5, reserved_tokens=['']) +else: + self.vocab = vocab +self.premises = self._pad(all_premise_tokens) +self.hypotheses = self._pad(all_hypothesis_tokens) +self.labels = torch.tensor(dataset[2]) +print('read ' + str(len(self.premises)) + ' examples') + +def _pad(self, lines): + return torch.tensor([d21.truncate_pad( + self.vocab[line], self.num_steps, self.vocab['']) + for line in lines)]) + +def __getitem__(self, idx): + return (self.premises[idx], self.hypotheses[idx]), self.labels[idx] + +def __len__(self): + return len(self.premises) +``` +## 整合代码 + +现在,我们可以调用read_snli函数和SNLIDataset类来下载SNLI数据集,并返回训练集和测试集的DataLoader实例,以及训练集的词表。值得注意的是,我们必须使用从训练集构造的词表作为测试集的词表。因此,在训练集中训练的模型将不知道来自测试集的任何新词元。 +``` +#@save +def load_data_snli(batch_size, num_steps=50): + """下載SNLI數據集並返回數據迭代器和詞表""" + num_workers = d21.get_dataloaders_workers() + data_dir = d21.download_extract('SNLI') + train_data = read_snli(data_dir, True) + test_data = read_snli(data_dir, False) + train_set = SNLIDataset(train_data, num_steps) + test_set = SNLIDataset(test_data, num_steps, train_set.vocab) + train_iter = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_set, batch_size, + shuffle=True, + num_workers=num_workers) + test_iter = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(test_set, batch_size, + shuffle=False, + num_workers=num_workers) + return train_iter, test_iter, train_set.vocab +``` diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00081.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00081.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..31e2a5abd5ee6284bf1e7638307a952dfb0cc50d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00081.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +(continued from previous page) +``` +((`to`, `the`), 85), +(`as`, `i`), 78), +(`of`, `a`), 73)] +``` +这里值得注意:在十个最频繁的词对中,有九个是由两个停用词组成的,只有一个与 “the time” 有关。我们再进一步看看三元语法的频率是否表现出相同的行为方式。 +``` +trigram_tokens = [triple for triple in zip( + corpus[:-2], corpus[1:-1], corpus[2:])] +trigram_vocab = d2l.Vocab(trigram_tokens) +trigram_vocab.token_freqs[:10] +``` +``` +[('the', 'time', 'traveller'), 59), +(('the', 'time', 'machine'), 30), +(('the', 'medical', 'man'), 24), +(('it', 'seemed', 'to'), 16), +(('it', 'was', 'a'), 15), +(('here', 'and', 'there'), 15), +(('seemed', 'to', 'me'), 14), +(('i', 'did', 'not'], 14), +(('i', 'saw', 'the'], 13), +(('i', 'began', 'to'], 13)] +``` +最后,我们直观地对比三种模型中的词元频率:一元语法、二元语法和三元语法。 +``` +bigram_freqs = [freq for token, freq in bigram_vocab.token_freqs] +trigram_freqs = [freq for token, freq in trigram_vocab.token_freqs] +d21.plot([freqs, bigram_freqs, trigram_freqs], xlabel='token: x', + ylabel='frequency: n(x)', xscale='log', yscale='log', + legend=['unigram', 'bigram', 'trigram']) +``` + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00082.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00082.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..906a690da4b0e24324a5df37ddece886d6bed3c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00082.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +``` +encoding_dim, num_steps = 32, 60 +pos_encoding = PositionalEncoding(encoding_dim, 0) +pos_encoding.eval() +X = pos_encoding(torch.zeros((1, num_steps, encoding_dim))) +P = pos_encoding.P[:, :X.shape[1], :] +d21.plot(torch.arange(num_steps), P[:, :, 6:10].T, xlabel='Row (position)', +figsize=(6, 2.5), legend=["Col %d" % d for d in torch.arange(6, 10)]) +``` + + +## 绝对位置信息 + +为了明白沿着编码维度单调降低的频率与绝对位置信息的关系,让我们打印出$0,1,\ldots,7$的二进制表示形式。正如所看到的,每个数字、每两个数字和每四个数字上的比特值在第一个最低位、第二个最低位和第三个最低位上分别交替。 +``` +for i in range(8): + print(f'{i}的二进制是:{i:>03b}') +``` +``` +0的二进制是: 000 +1的二进制是: 001 +2的二进制是: 010 +3的二进制是: 011 +4的二进制是: 100 +5的二进制是: 101 +6的二进制是: 110 +7的二进制是: 111 +``` +在二进制表示中,较高比特位的交替频率低于较低比特位,与下面的热图所示相似,只是位置编码通过使用三角函数在编码维度上降低频率。由于输出是浮点数,因此此类连续表示比二进制表示法更节省空间。 diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00083.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00083.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9fb0924a7c7d6949567c1996e2a6ffd36b1ebb7f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00083.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +``` +b3 = nn.Sequential(Inception(192, 64, (96, 128), (16, 32), 32), + Inception(256, 128, (128, 192), (32, 96), 64), + nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1)) +``` +第四模块更加复杂,它串联了5个Inception块,其输出通道数分别是$192 + 208 + 48 + 64 = 512$、$160 + 224 + 64 + 64 = 512$、$128 + 256 + 64 + 64 = 512$、$112 + 288 + 64 + 64 = 528$和$256 + 320 + 128 + 128 = 832$。这些路径的通道数分配和第三模块中的类似,首先是含$3 \times 3$卷积层的第二条路径输出最多通道,其次是仅含$1 \times 1$卷积层的第一条路径,之后是含$5 \times 5$卷积层的第三条路径和含$3 \times 3$最大汇聚层的第四条路径。其中第二、第三条路径都会先按比例减小通道数。这些比例在各个Inception块中都略有不同。 +``` +b4 = nn.Sequential(Inception(480, 192, (96, 208), (16, 48), 64), + Inception(512, 160, (112, 224), (24, 64), 64), + Inception(512, 128, (128, 256), (24, 64), 64), + Inception(512, 112, (144, 288), (32, 64), 64), + Inception(528, 256, (160, 320), (32, 128), 128), + nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1)) +``` +第五模块包含输出通道数为$256 + 320 + 128 + 128 = 832$和$384 + 384 + 128 + 128 = 1024$的两个Inception块。其中每条路径通道数的分配思路和第三、第四模块中的一致,只是在具体数值上有所不同。需要注意的是,第五模块的后面紧跟输出层,该模块同NiN一样使用全局平均汇聚层,将每个通道的高和宽变成1。最后我们将输出变成二维数组,再接上一个输出个数为标签类别数的全连接层。 +``` +b5 = nn.Sequential(Inception(832, 256, (160, 320), (32, 128), 128), + Inception(832, 384, (192, 384), (48, 128), 128), + nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1,1)), + nn.Flatten()) +net = nn.Sequential(b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, nn.Linear(1024, 10)) +``` +GoogLeNet模型的计算复杂,而且不如VGG那样便于修改通道数。为了使Fashion-MNIST上的训练短小精悍,我们将输入的高和宽从224降到96,这简化了计算。下面演示各个模块输出的形状变化。 +``` +X = torch.rand(size=(1, 1, 96, 96)) +for layer in net: + X = layer(X) + print(layer.__class__.__name__, 'output shape:\t', X.shape) +``` +``` +Sequential output shape: torch.Size([1, 64, 24, 24]) +Sequential output shape: torch.Size([1, 192, 12, 12]) +Sequential output shape: torch.Size([1, 480, 6, 6]) +Sequential output shape: torch.Size([1, 832, 3, 3]) +``` +(continues on next page) diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00084.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00084.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7ad8ee9d122254d204ec1458686160f89160a18f --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00084.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +要了解动态规划的工作方式,我们考虑对隐变量$h_1,\ldots,h_T$的依次求和。根据(9.4.1),将得出: + +$$\begin{aligned}&\begin{aligned}\\ &P(x_{1},\ldots,x_{T})\\&=\sum_{h_{1},\ldots,h_{T}}P(x_{1},\ldots,x_{T},h_{1},\ldots,h_{T})\\&=\sum_{h_{1},\ldots,h_{T}}\prod_{t=1}^{T}P(h_{t}\mid h_{t-1})P(x_{t}\mid h_{t})\\&=\sum_{h_{2},\ldots,h_{T}}\underbrace{\left[\sum_{h_{1}}P(h_{1})P(x_{1}\mid h_{1})P(h_{2}\mid h_{1})\right]}_{\pi_{2}(h_{2})\stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}}P(x_{2}\mid h_{2})\prod_{t=3}^{T}P(h_{t}\mid h_{t-1})P(x_{t}\mid h_{t})\\&=\sum_{h_{3},\ldots,h_{T}}\underbrace{\left[\sum_{h_{2}}\pi_{2}(h_{2})P(x_{2}\mid h_{2})P(h_{3}\mid h_{2})\right]}_{\pi_{3}(h_{3})\stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}}P(x_{3}\mid h_{3})\prod_{t=4}^{T}P(h_{t}\mid h_{t-1})P(x_{t}\mid h_{t})\\ &\end{aligned}\\ &=\ldots\\ &=\sum_{h_{T}}\pi_{T}(h_{T})P(x_{T}\mid h_{T}).\\ \end{aligned} \tag{9.4.2}$$ + +通常,我们将前向递归(forward recursion)写为: + +$\pi_{t+1}(h_{t+1})=\sum_{h_{t}}\pi_{t}(h_{t})P(x_{t}\mid h_{t})P(h_{t+1}\mid h_{t}).\quad(9.4.3)$ + +递归被初始化为$\pi_{1}(h_{1})=P(h_{1})$。符号简化,也可以写成$\pi_{t+1}=f(\pi_{t},x_{t})$,其中f是一些可学习的函数。这看起来就像我们在循环神经网络中讨论的隐变量模型中的更新方程。 + +与前向递归一样,我们也可以使用后向递归对同一组隐变量求和。这将得到: + +$\begin{array}{r l}&{\quad P(x_{1},\ldots,x_{T})}\\ &{=\displaystyle\sum_{h_{1},\ldots,h_{T}}P(x_{1},\ldots,x_{T},h_{1},\ldots,h_{T})}\\ &{=\displaystyle\sum_{h_{1},\ldots,h_{T}}\prod_{t=1}^{T-1}P(h_{t}\mid h_{t-1})P(x_{t}\mid h_{t})\cdot P(h_{T}\mid h_{T-1})P(x_{T}\mid h_{T})}\\ &{=\displaystyle\sum_{h_{1},\ldots,h_{T-1}}\prod_{t=1}^{T-1}P(h_{t}\mid h_{t-1})P(x_{t}\mid h_{t})\cdot\underbrace{\left[\sum_{h_{T}}P(h_{T}\mid h_{T-1})P(x_{T}\mid h_{T})\right]}_{\rho_{T-1}(h_{T-1}){\stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}}}\quad(9.4.4)}\\ &{=\displaystyle\sum_{h_{1},\ldots,h_{T-2}}\prod_{t=1}^{T-2}P(h_{t}\mid h_{t-1})P(x_{t}\mid h_{t})\cdot\underbrace{\left[\sum_{h_{T-1}}P(h_{T-1}\mid h_{T-2})P(x_{T-1}\mid h_{T-1})\rho_{T-1}(h_{T-1})\right]}_{\rho_{T-2}(h_{T-2}){\stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}}}}\\ &{=\ldots}\\ &{=\displaystyle\sum_{h_{1}}P(h_{1})P(x_{1}\mid h_{1})\rho_{1}(h_{1}).}\end{array}$ diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00085.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00085.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5a355d2816f72058179646d0396487a675dac88c --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00085.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +(continued from previous page) +``` +print(inputs) +``` +对于 inputs 中的类别值或离散值,我们将 “NaN” 视为一个类别。由于 “巷子类型” (“Alley”) 列只接受两种类型的类别值 “Pave” 和 “NaN”,pandas 可以自动将此列转换为两列 “Alley_Pave” 和 “Alley_nan”。巷子类型为 “Pave” 的行会将 “Alley_Pave” 的值设置为 1,“Alley_nan” 的值设置为 0。缺少巷子类型的行会将 “Alley_Pave” 和 “Alley_nan” 分别设置为 0 和 1。 +``` +inputs = pd.get_dummies(inputs, dummy_na=True) +print(inputs) +``` +``` +NumRooms Alley +0 3.0 Pave +1 2.0 NaN +2 4.0 NaN +3 3.0 NaN +``` + +## 2.2.3 转换为张量格式 + +现在inputs和outputs中的所有条目都是数值类型,它们可以转换为张量格式。当数据采用张量格式后,可以通过在2.1节中引入的那些张量函数来进一步操作。 +``` +import torch + +X = torch.tensor(inputs.to_numpy(dtype=float)) +y = torch.tensor(outputs.to_numpy(dtype=float)) +X, y +``` +``` +(tensor([3., 1., 0.], + [2., 0., 1.], + [4., 0., 1.], + [3., 0., 1.]], dtype=torch.float64), + tensor([127500., 106000., 178100., 140000.], dtype=torch.float64)) +``` + + diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00086.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00086.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fdfb5e5f61643336bc046f2835e4f1731cf24965 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00086.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +``` +import java.io.*; + +public class Console { + public static String readLine() { + StringBuffer response = new StringBuffer(); + try { + BufferedInputStream bin = new + BufferedInputStream(System.in); + int in = 0; + char inChar; + do { + in = bin.read(); + inChar = (char) in; + if (in != -1) { + response.append(inChar); + } + } while ((in != -1) & (inChar != '\n')); + bin.close(); + return response.toString(); + } catch (IOException e) { + System.out.println("Exception: " + e.getMessage()); + return null; + } + } + + public static void main(String[] arguments) { + System.out.print("You are standing at the end of the road "); + System.out.print("before a small brick building. Around you "); + System.out.print("is a forest. A small stream flows out of "); + System.out.println("the building and down a gully.\n"); + System.out.print("> "); + String input = Console.readLine(); + System.out.println("That's not a verb I recognize."); + } +} +``` +Console 类包含一个 main() 方法,用于演示如何使用它。当运行该程序时,输出结果如图20.2所示。 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00087.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00087.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7351899e2c99b175daee6e40305e966abb8ab862 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00087.md @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +``` +import java.applet.*; +import java.awt.*; +import java.awt.event.*; +import javax.swing.*; +import java.net.*; + +public class LinkRotator extends JApplet +implements Runnable, ActionListener { + String[] pageTitle = new String[6]; + URL[] pageLink = new URL[6]; + Color butterscotch = new Color(255, 204, 158); + int current = 0; + Thread runner; + + public void init() { + pageTitle = new String[]; + "Sun's Java site", + "Cafe au Lait", + "JavaWorld", + "Java in 24 Hours", + "Sams Publishing", + "Workbench"; + + }; + pageLink[0] = getURL("http://java.sun.com"); + pageLink[1] = getURL("http://www.ibiblio.org/javafaq"); + pageLink[2] = getURL("http://www.javaworld.com"); + pageLink[3] = getURL("http://www.java24hours.com"); + pageLink[4] = getURL("http://www.samspublishing.com"); + pageLink[5] = getURL("http://workbench.cadenhead.org"); + Button goButton = new Button("Go"); + goButton.addActionListener(this); + FlowLayout flow = new FlowLayout(); + setLayout(flow); + add(goButton); + } + URL getURL(String urlText) { + URL pageURL = null; + try { + pageURL = new URL(getDocumentBase(), urlText); + } catch (MalformedURLError x) {} + return pageURL; + } + + public void paint(Graphics screen) { + Graphics2D screen2D = (Graphics2D) screen; + screen2D.setColor(butterscotch); + screen2D.fillRect(0, 0, getSize().width, getSize().height); + screen2D.setColor(Color.black); + screen2D.drawString(pageTitle[current], 5, 60); + screen2D.drawString("" + pageLink[current], 5, 80); + }; + + public void start() { + if (runner == null) { + runner = new Thread(this); + runner.start(); + } + } + + public void run() { + Thread thisThread = Thread.currentThread(); + while (runner == thisThread) { + current++; + if (current > 5) { + current = 0; + } + repaint(); + try { + Thread.sleep(1000); + } catch (InterruptedException e) { + // do nothing + } + } + }; + + public void stop() { + if (runner != null) { + runner = null; + } + }; + + public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { + if (runner != null) { + runner = null; + } + AppletContext browser = getAppletContext(); + if (pageLink[current] != null) { + browser.showDocument(pageLink[current]); + } + } +} +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00088.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00088.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3562945ffe98838bfa325a82619db6c7205d2180 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00088.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +将一个点放在指定的位置,还有一个名为translate()的方法,将对象沿x和y轴移动特定的距离。 + +在NetBeans中的Java24项目中,创建一个新的空文件,将其命名为Point3D,然后在源代码编辑器窗口中输入程序清单12.2中的全部文本,并保存。 + +## 程序清单12.2 Point3D.java的完整源代码 +``` +1: import java.awt.*; +2: +3: public class Point3D extends Point { +4: public int z; +5: +6: public Point3D(int x, int y, int z) { +7: super(x,y); +8: this.z = z; +9: } +10: +11: public void move(int x, int y, int z) { +12: this.z = z; +13: super.move(x, y); +14: } +15: +16: public void translate(int x, int y, int z) { +17: this.z += z; +18: super.translate(x, y); +19: } +20: } +``` +Point3D 类没有 main() 块语句,所以不能使用 Java 解释器运行它。但是你可以在需要三维空间点的 Java 程序中使用它。 + +Point3D 类只需完成其超类 Point 不能完成的工作,主要是记录整型变量 z,将 z 作为 move() 方法、translate() 方法和 Point3D() 构造函数参数。 + +这些方法都使用关键字supper和this。this用于引用当前的Point3D对象,因此第8行的this.z=z;语句将变量z设置为第6行作为参数传入的z + diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00089.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00089.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..db9df979866f0969e9c72534a24898756259b9f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00089.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +出以下代码。 +``` +var max = a; //先默认较大的位数为 a +if(a < b) { //如果a比b小,就把b赋值给max(最大值) + max = b; +} +//根据位数获得对应的 10 的幂数 +//两个小数同时乘以倍数 +//相加完毕后,再将结果除以倍数 +``` +这样一来,max就是那个较大的位数,假如max为2,那么就需要把2变成100,也就是10×10。同理,如果max为1,那就是10了。具体逻辑如下所示。 + +$\mathrm{m a x}=1--->10$ + +$max = 2---> 10 \times 10$ + +$\mathrm{m a x}=3{---}>10\times10\times10$ + +$\mathrm{m a x}=4--->10\times10\times10\times10$ + +$\text{max} = 5 \longrightarrow 10 \times 10 \times 10 \times 10 \times 10$ + +$\text{max} = 6 \longrightarrow 10 \times 10 \times 10 \times 10 \times 10 \times 10$ + +如何实现这个逻辑呢?叶小凡思索了一下,决定用for循环完成,于是他右手一挥,一段代码流便凭空出现。 +``` +//根据位数获得对应的 10 的幂数 +var beishu = 1; +for(var i = 0;i + +图2-9 运行结果 + +函数需要用function关键字定义,叶小凡思索片刻,心中了然,于是打出一段代码。 +``` +function add(num1,num2) { +//将数字转换成字符串 +num1 = num1.toString(); +num2 = num2.toString(); + +//获取两个数字的小数点后面的位数 +var a = num1.split(".")[1].length; +var b = num2.split(".")[1].length; + +//用 console.log 查看倍数 +console.log(a); +console.log(b); +} +``` +函数并没有写完,但是叶小凡不着急,因为他明白,在编写函数的时候,一定不能着急。在有了一个大概的目标和方向后,为了保险,应该写一点,测试一点。不求一口吃成个大胖子,只求已经写上去的代码都是经得起推敲和认证的。比如有一个修炼者,自恃武艺高强,一口气打出100行代码流,然而在第5行代码中出现了一个严重的错误,那么剩下的95行代码就是没有意义的。不仅如此,这个人很可能还会受到运功 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00091.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00091.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1d47a9b6b2e75a83608fed40b0597999dd56ed78 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00091.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + + +图1-2 确保选中复选框Add Python to PATH + +## 2. 启动Python终端会话 + +通过配置系统,让其能够在终端会话中运行Python,可简化文本编辑器的配置工作。打开一个命令窗口,并在其中执行命令python。如果出现了Python提示符(>>>),就说明Windows找到了你刚安装的Python版本。 +``` +C:\> python +Python 3.5.0 (v3.5.0:374f501f4567, Sep 13 2015, 22:15:05) [MSC v.1900 32 bit (Intel)] on win32 +Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. +>>> +``` +如果是这样,就可以直接跳到下一部分——“在终端会话中运行Python”。 + +然而,输出可能类似于下面这样: +``` +C:\> python +'python' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file. +``` diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00092.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00092.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d0cfab73da51daf26420e04049fa6db9e18d4da4 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00092.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +``` +def draw_bullet(self): + """在屏幕上绘制子弹""" +③ pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.color, self.rect) +``` +方法update()管理子弹的位置。发射出去后,子弹在屏幕中向上移动,这意味着y坐标将不断减小,因此为更新子弹的位置,我们从self.y中减去self.speed_factor的值(见①)。接下来,我们将self.rect.y设置为self.y的值(见②)。属性speed_factor让我们能够随着游戏的进行或根据需要提高子弹的速度,以调整游戏的行为。子弹发射后,其x坐标始终不变,因此子弹将沿直线垂直地往上穿行。 + +需要绘制子弹时,我们调用draw_bullet()。函数draw.rect()使用存储在self.color中的颜色填充表示子弹的rect占据的屏幕部分(见③)。 + +## 12.8.3 将子弹存储到编组中 + +定义Bullet 类和必要的设置后,就可以编写代码了,在玩家每次按空格键时都射出一发子弹。首先,我们将在alien_invasion.py中创建一个编组(group),用于存储所有有效的子弹,以便能够管理发射出去的所有子弹。这个编组将是pygame.sprite.Group 类的一个实例;pygame.sprite.Group 类类似于列表,但提供了有助于开发游戏的额外功能。在主循环中,我们将使用这个编组在屏幕上绘制子弹,以及更新每颗子弹的位置: + +## alien_invasion.py +``` +import pygame +from pygame.sprite import Group +--snip-- + +def run_game(): + --snip-- + # 创建一艘飞船 + ship = Ship(ai_settings, screen) + # 创建一个用于存储子弹的编组 +① bullets = Group() + + # 开始游戏主循环 + while True: + gf.check_events(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets) + ship.update() +② bullets.update() + gf.update_screen(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets) + +run_game() +``` diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00093.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00093.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9e8448c48eafe3641ed9084a0b64d2f9852cc0d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00093.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +随着游戏的进行,我们将提高每个外星人值的点数。为确保每次开始新游戏时这个值都会被重置,我们在initialize_dynamic_settings()中设置它。 + +在check_bullet_alien_collisions()中,每当有外星人被击落时,都更新得分: + +## game_functions.py +``` +def check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets): + """响应子弹和外星人发生碰撞""" + # 删除发生碰撞的子弹和外星人 + collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets, aliens, True, True) + + if collisions: +① stats.score += ai_settings.alien_points + sb.prep_score() + --snip-- +``` +我们更新check_bullet_alien_collisions()的定义,在其中包含了形参stats和sb,让它能够更新得分和记分牌。有子弹撞到外星人时,Pygame返回一个字典(collisions)。我们检查这个字典是否存在,如果存在,就将得分加上一个外星人值的点数(见①)。接下来,我们调用prep_score()来创建一幅显示最新得分的新图像。 + +我们需要修改update_bullets(),确保在函数之间传递合适的实参: + +## game_functions.py +``` +def update_bullets(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets): + """更新子弹的位置,并删除已消失的子弹""" + --snip-- + + check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, + aliens, bullets) +``` +在update_bullets() 的定义中,需要新增形参stats 和sb,而调用check_bullet_alien_collisions() 时,也需要传递实参stats 和sb。 + +我们还需要修改主while 循环中调用update_bullets() 的代码: + diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00094.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00094.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..84fabff4e7749526a6ff5a104507726bb7eac408 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00094.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ + + +图17-3 每个条形都有自定义的工具提示标签 + +## 17.2.3 根据数据绘图 + +为根据数据绘图,我们将自动生成plot_dicts,其中包含API调用返回的30个项目的信息。 + +完成这种工作的代码如下: + +## python_repos.py +``` +--snp-- +# 研究有关仓库的信息 +repo_dicts = response_dict['items'] +print("Number of items:", len(repo_dicts)) + +① names, plot_dicts = [], [] +for repo_dict in repo_dicts: + names.append(repo_dict['name']) + +② plot_dict = { + 'value': repo_dict['stargazers_count'], + 'label': repo_dict['description'], + } +③ plot_dicts.append(plot_dict) + +# 可视化 +my_style = LS('#333366', base_style=LCS) +--snip-- + +③ chart.add(' ', plot_dicts) +chart.render_to_file('python_repos.svg') +``` diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00095.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00095.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..45cf617e69c37182f97bb3b543ef8e25a9b25def --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00095.md @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +用继承。一个类继承另一个类时,它将自动获得另一个类的所有属性和方法;原有的类称为父类,而新类称为子类。子类继承了其父类的所有属性和方法,同时还可以定义自己的属性和方法。 + +## 9.3.1 子类的方法__init__() + +创建子类的实例时,Python首先需要完成的任务是给父类的所有属性赋值。为此,子类的方法__init__()需要父类施以援手。 + +例如,下面来模拟电动汽车。电动汽车是一种特殊的汽车,因此我们可以在前面创建的Car 类的基础上创建新类ElectricCar,这样我们就只需为电动汽车特有的属性和行为编写代码。 + +下面来创建一个简单的ElectricCar 类版本,它具备Car 类的所有功能: + +## electric_car.py + +``` +①class Car(): + """一次模拟汽车的简单尝试""" + + def __init__(self, make, model, year): + self.make = make + self.model = model + self.year = year + self.odometer_reading = 0 + + def get_descriptive_name(self): + long_name = str(self.year) + ' ' + self.make + ' ' + self.model + return long_name.title() + + def read_odometer(self): + print("This car has " + str(self.odometer_reading) + " miles on it.") + + def update_odometer(self, mileage): + if mileage >= self.odometer_reading: + self.odometer_reading = mileage + else: + print("You can't roll back an odometer!") + + def increment_odometer(self, miles): + self.odometer_reading += miles + + +②class ElectricCar(Car): + """""电汐汽车的独特之处""" + +③def __init__(self, make, model, year): + """初始化父类的属性""" + super().__init__(make, model, year) + + +④my_tesla = ElectricCar('tesla', 'model s', 2016) +print(my_tesla.get_descriptive_name()) +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00096.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00096.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..136f4556b99c08dcd8492c2cfe6a9e69423cec7d --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00096.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +在这个输出里显示了价格大于10且小于30的产品。 + +下面的语句不会返回任何数据,因为任何产品都只有一个标识: +``` +SELECT * +FROM PRODUCTS_TBL +WHERE PROD_ID = '7725' +AND PROD_ID = '2345'; + +no rows selected +``` +## 8.4.2 OR + +操作符OR可以在SQL语句的WHERE子句里连接多个条件,这时无论SQL语句是事务操作还是查询,只要OR连接的条件里有至少一个是TRUE,SQL语句就会执行。 + +下面的范例表示薪水必须匹配 20 000 或 30 000: +``` +WHERE SALARY = '20000' OR SALARY = '30000' +``` +下面的范例展示了操作符OR的具体应用: +``` +SELECT * +FROM PRODUCTS_TBL +WHERE PROD_ID = '90' +OR PROD_ID = '2345'; + +PROD_ID PROD_DESC COST +----------- ------------------- --------- +2345 OAK BOOKSHELF 59.99 +90 LIGHTED LANTERNS 14.5 +2 rows selected. +``` +在这个输出结果里包含了满足任意一个条件的记录。 + +注意:⽐较操作符的灵活应⽤ + diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00097.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00097.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bdd74275d62f450b515c086f04fd5e0e3ec3eb09 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00097.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +``` +select * from products_tbl; +PROD_ID PROD_DESC COST +---------- ---------- ---------- +11235 WITCH COSTUME 29.99 +222 PLASTIC PUMPKIN 18 INCH 7.75 +13 FALSE PARAFFIN TEETH 1.1 +90 LIGHTED LANTERNS 14.5 +15 ASSORTED COSTUMES 10 +9 CANDY CORN 1.35 +6 PUMPKIN CANDY 1.45 +87 PLASTIC SPIDERS 1.05 +119 ASSORTED MASKS 4.95 +1234 NULL 5.95 +2345 OAK BOOKSHELF 59.99 +11 rows selected. + +insert into products_tmp +select * from products_tbl; + +11 rows created. +``` +在这个范例中,如果数据即将插入的列允许接受NULL值,那么NULL值就可以直接插入该列。在后续章节中,我们会介绍如何为列指定默认值,这样,如果有NULL值被插入,就可以被自动转换成默认值。 + +## 5.3 更新现有数据 + +利用UPDATE命令可以修改表里的现有数据。这个命令不向表里添加新记录,也不删除记录,它只是修改现有的数据。它一般每次只更新数据库里的一个表,但可以同时更新表里的多个字段。根据需要,我们可以只更新表里的一行数据,也可以用一条语句就更新很多行数据。 + +## 5.3.1 更新一列的数据 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00098.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00098.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fb166d76658df9eb6fd2bf75c3864920a38f4dea --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00098.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +``` +SELECT CUST_ID, CUST_NAME +FROM CUSTOMER_TBL +WHERE CUST_ID IN (SELECT O.CUST_ID + FROM ORDERS_TBL O, PRODUCTS_TBL P + WHERE O.PROD_ID = P.PROD_ID + AND O.QTY + P.COST > 138.08); +``` +当外层子查询也执行完成之后,主查询就是这样了: +``` +SELECT CUST_ID, CUST_NAME +FROM CUSTOMER_TBL +WHERE CUST_ID IN (287,43); +``` + +下面是最终的结果: +``` +CUST_ID CUST_NAME +---------- ---------- +43 SCHYLES NOVELTIES +287 GAVINS PLACE + +2 rows selected +``` +警告:多个子查询可能会产生问题 + +使用多个子查询可能会延长响应时间,还可能降低结果的准确性,因为代码里可能存在错误。 + +## 14.3 关联子查询 + +关联子查询在很多SQL实现里都存在,它的概念属于ANSI标准。关联子查询是依赖主查询里的信息的子查询。这意味着子查询里的表可以与主查询里的表相关联。 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00099.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00099.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cbf7bdc81cc5620d8708fa391fb453250314c697 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00099.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +``` + Column data type (not)null +last_name varchar2(20) not null +first_name varchar2(20) not null +ssn char(9) not null +phone number(10) null +LAST_NAME FIRST_NAME SSN PHONE +SMITH JOHN 312456788 3174549923 +ROBERTS LISA 232118857 3175452321 +SMITH SUE 443221989 3178398712 +PIERCE BILLY 310239856 3176763990 +``` +下列语句运行后会有什么结果? + +a) +``` +INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE_TBL +(' 'JACKSON', 'STEVE', '313546078', '3178523443'); +``` +答:这个INSERT语句不会运行,因为缺少了关键字VALUES。 +b) +``` +INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE_TBL VALUES +('JACKSON', 'STEVE', '313546078', '3178523443'); +``` +答:一条记录会被插入到表EMPLOYEE_TBL。 +c) +``` +INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE_TBL VALUES +('MILLER', 'DANIEL', '230980012', NULL); +``` +答:一条记录会被插入到表EMPLOYEE_TBL,字段PHONE的值是NULL。 + diff --git a/markdowns/research_programming_book_00100.md b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00100.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9f285b880b97620c1f44f406108174def45360b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/markdowns/research_programming_book_00100.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +``` +cout << "max(float): " << numeric_limits::max() << endl; +cout << "max(double): " << numeric_limits::max() << endl; +cout << "max(long double): " << numeric_limits::max() << endl; +cout << endl; + +cout << "is_signed(char): " << numeric_limits::is_signed << endl; +cout << "is_specialized(string): " << numeric_limits::is_specialized << endl; +cout << endl; +``` +例9-7的执行结果为: +``` +max (short): 32767 +max (int): 2147483647 +max (long): 2147483647 + +max (float): 3.40282e+038 +max (double): 1.79769e+308 +max (long double): 1.79769e+308 + +_is_signed(char): 1 +_is_specialized(string): 0 +``` +程序执行结果的最后一行表示型别 string 没有定义数值极限,因为 string 并非数值型别。对任何型别可以进行询问:是否定义了极值。 + +## 9.4.2 较大/较小值(最大/最小值) + +STL 算法库中包含了 3 个辅助函数。一个用于挑选两者之中较大者,另一个用于在两者中的较小者,还有一个用于交换两个数值。本小节讲述最大值和最小值算法。后面章节讲述两值交换算法。算法 $\min()$ 和 $\max()$ 声明于头文件 \ 中。其声明形式如下: +``` +template + const Type& min( const Type& _left, const Type& _right ); +template + const Type& min( const Type& _left, const Type& _right, BinaryPredicate _comp ); +template + const Type& max( const Type& _left, const Type& _right ); +template + const Type& max( const Type& _left, const Type& _right, BinaryPredicate _comp ); +``` +当两值相等时,通常会返回第一值。上述函数的声明中,每个函数均有两个版本,即包含“比较准则”。作为“比较准则”的那个参数应该是个函数或仿函数,接受两个参数并进行比较。在某个指定规则下,判断第一参数是否小于第二次参数,并返回判断结果。 +