--- language: - ne license: cc-by-4.0 task_categories: - question-answering - text-generation tags: - nepali - devanagari - grounded-qa - education - synthetic - instruction-tuning - sharegpt size_categories: - n<1K --- # Nepali Grounded Education QA (OpenHermes-format) A small, fact-grounded Nepali instruction-tuning dataset of question–answer pairs about student enrollment statistics from Nepal's Ministry of Education. Every answer is anchored to a real numeric value pulled from government open data — nothing in the answers is model-hallucinated. ## Dataset Summary | | | |---|---| | **Rows** | 611 | | **Language** | Nepali (Devanagari script) | | **Format** | ShareGPT / `hermes-instruction-response` (`conversations: [human, gpt]`) | | **Domain** | Education statistics — janajati (indigenous/ethnic) student enrollment | | **Source** | Nepal Ministry of Education, via [Open Data Nepal](https://opendatanepal.com) | | **Generation method** | LLM-paraphrased Nepali question/answer pairs, grounded in a single numeric fact per row | | **License** | CC BY 4.0 (see [Licensing](#licensing) for full reasoning) | ## Dataset Structure Each line is a standalone JSON object: ```json { "id": "grounded-qa-000001-Grade-1", "conversations": [ {"from": "human", "value": "वर्ष 2011-012 मा ताप्लेजुङ जिल्लाका सबै प्रकारका विद्यालयहरूमा कक्षा 1 मा कति जनाजाति विद्यार्थीहरू भर्ना भएका थिए?"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "वर्ष 2011-012 मा ताप्लेजुङ जिल्लाका सबै प्रकारका विद्यालयहरूमा कक्षा 1 मा 9278 जनाजाति विद्यार्थीहरू भर्ना भएका थिए।"} ], "source_provenance": { "grounding": {"district": "Taplejung", "grade": "Grade 1", "value": "9278"}, "metadata": { "dataset_name": "Number of Schools and Students FY 2003 to 2015 BS", "dataset_domain": "Ministry of Education", "resource_name": "Janajati enrollment at all levels by district in all types of School 2011-012 - Sheet1.csv", "license_id": "notspecified" }, "behavior": "paraphrase" }, "input_format": "hermes-instruction-response", "source_task_id": "grounded-qa-000001-Grade-1" } ``` **Fields:** - `id` / `source_task_id` — unique row identifier, encodes district and grade - `conversations` — a single human/gpt turn pair, ready for SFT - `source_provenance.grounding` — the exact district, grade, and numeric value the answer is anchored to - `source_provenance.metadata` — source dataset name, domain, and originating CSV resource - `behavior` — generation strategy used for this row (currently `paraphrase` for 100% of rows) ## Data Quality & Audit All 611 rows were programmatically audited prior to release. Results below are from the actual audit pass, not estimated. ### Structural integrity | Check | Result | |---|---| | Rows with malformed/missing `conversations` | 0 / 611 | | Rows with incorrect turn roles (not `human` → `gpt`) | 0 / 611 | | Rows with empty question or answer text | 0 / 611 | | Duplicate `id` values | 0 / 611 | | Duplicate exact question+answer pairs | 0 / 611 | | Rows missing a required top-level field (`id`, `conversations`, `source_provenance`, `input_format`, `source_task_id`) | 0 / 611 | ### Language & content integrity | Check | Result | |---|---| | Suspicious/invisible Unicode characters (zero-width chars, stray symbols outside Devanagari + standard punctuation ranges) | 0 / 611 | | Rows with detectable English prose contamination | 0 / 611 | | Numeral encoding in answers | 100% Western/Arabic digits (0% Devanagari numerals — see [Limitations](#known-limitations)) | ### Factual grounding fidelity | Check | Result | |---|---| | Rows where the grounded numeric value (`source_provenance.grounding.value`) appears verbatim in the generated answer | **611 / 611 (100%)** | This is the most important check for a grounded-QA dataset: every answer contains the exact figure it was supposed to report, with no numeric drift introduced during paraphrasing/translation. ### Coverage | | | |---|---| | Unique districts covered | 76 | | Grade levels covered | Grade 1–12 | | Grade distribution | Uneven — ranges from 18 rows (Grade 10) to 63 rows (Grade 4); see note below | | Source CSV resources | 1 (`Janajati enrollment at all levels by district in all types of School 2011-012 - Sheet1.csv`) | | Reporting year | 2011–012 BS only | ### Row length consistency | | Human turn (chars) | GPT turn (chars) | |---|---|---| | Min | 109 | 108 | | Mean | 114.5 | 115.1 | | Max | 140 | 125 | Narrow, consistent length range — indicates a stable question/answer template rather than free-form generation drift. ## Known Limitations - **Single topic, single year.** Every row is derived from one CSV (janajati enrollment by district and grade, fiscal year 2011–012 BS). This dataset is narrow by design — useful for grounded numeric QA in Nepali, not a general-purpose instruction dataset. - **Uneven grade coverage.** Grade 10 has roughly a third as many rows as Grade 4, reflecting gaps in the source CSV rather than sampling choice. - **Arabic numerals only.** All numeric values in answers use Western digits (0–9) rather than Devanagari numerals (०-९). If your downstream use case needs Devanagari numeral consistency, a numeral-conversion pass is required before use. - **Single generation behavior.** All 611 rows use the `paraphrase` behavior — there is no lexical/structural diversity from alternate generation strategies. - **Inherited source metadata quirk.** The `metadata.publisher` field on every row reads "Agriculture Inputs Company Limited," which does not match the actual publishing body (Ministry of Education). This is inherited as-is from Open Data Nepal's portal metadata and was not corrected, to preserve source-provenance traceability; it should not be read as the actual publisher of the underlying statistics. - **No held-out human review.** Audit checks above are automated (structural, Unicode, contamination, and grounding-fidelity checks). No manual human-annotator review pass has been run on this release. ## Licensing - The underlying enrollment statistics originate from Nepal's Ministry of Education and are distributed as open government data via [Open Data Nepal](https://opendatanepal.com). The source portal lists this specific resource's license as `notspecified` — the publisher did not declare a formal license, though it is published as open data. - Bare statistics (counts, figures) are generally not copyrightable content on their own, and Nepal does not have an EU-style database right, so the "notspecified" tag does not block reuse of the *facts*. The genuinely original content in this dataset is the LLM-generated Nepali question/answer phrasing built around those facts. - This dataset is released under **CC BY 4.0**. Attribution to Nepal's Ministry of Education / Open Data Nepal as the source of the underlying statistics is required when reusing this dataset. - This is not legal advice. If you plan to redistribute commercially or at scale, independently confirm current Open Data Nepal terms and, if this dataset was generated using a third-party LLM API, that provider's usage terms for generated output. ## Generation Process 1. Source enrollment figures extracted from a single Ministry of Education CSV (district × grade enrollment counts, FY 2011–012 BS), sourced via Open Data Nepal. 2. One numeric fact per row selected as the "grounding" value. 3. An English question/answer pair constructed around that fact. 4. The pair translated and paraphrased into Nepali by an LLM, with the grounded numeric value preserved verbatim. 5. Automated audit pass (this document's [Data Quality & Audit](#data-quality--audit) section) run against the full output before release. ## Citation If you use this dataset, please cite it and attribute the underlying statistics to Nepal's Ministry of Education via Open Data Nepal. ``` @misc{nepali_grounded_education_qa, title = {Nepali Grounded Education QA}, author = {Tharu, Som Narayan}, year = {2026}, note = {Derived from Nepal Ministry of Education enrollment statistics, Open Data Nepal}, url = {} } ```