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152
Securing SIP 50
Subscriber Names 50
Secure SIP Signaling 51
Securing Media 54
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Table of Contents
Encrypted RTP 54
Conclusion 54
5. User Device Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Telephone Naming Concepts 60
Hardphones, Softphones, and ATAs 62
Configuring Asterisk 64
How Channel Configuration Works with the Dialplan 66
chan_pjsip 67
Testing to Ensure Your Devices Have Registered 72
A Basic Dialplan to Test Your Devices 73
Under the Hood: Your First Call 74
Conclusion 75
6. Dialplan Basics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Dialplan Syntax 77
Contexts 78
Extensions 81
Priorities 82
Applications 84
The Answer(), Playback(), and Hangup() Applications 85
A Basic Dialplan Prototype 87
A Simple Dialplan 87
Hello World 87
Building an Interactive Dialplan 89
The Goto(), Background(), and WaitExten() Applications 89
Handling Invalid Entries and Timeouts 92
Using the Dial() Application 93
Using Variables 96
Pattern Matching 101
Includes 106
Conclusion 106
7. Outside Connectivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
The Basics of Trunking 107
Fundamental Dialplan for Outside Connectivity 108
The PSTN 110
Traditional PSTN Trunks 111
VoIP 114
Network Address Translation 114
PSTN Termination and Origination 118
Configuring SIP Trunks 122
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Emergency Dialing 125
Conclusion 127
8. Voicemail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
The voicemail.conf File 130
An Initial voicemail.conf File 131
The [general] Section 132
The [zonemessages] Section 135
Mailboxes 136
Voicemail Dialplan Integration 139
The VoiceMail() Dialplan Application 139
The VoiceMailMain() Dialplan Application 141
Standard Voicemail Keymap 142
Creating a Dial-by-Name Directory 143
Voicemail to Email 144
Voicemail Storage Backends 145
Linux Filesystem 146
IMAP 146
Message Storage in a Database 147
Conclusion 147
9.
Internationalization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Devices External to the Asterisk Server 151
PSTN Connectivity, DAHDI, Digium Cards, and Analog Phones 153
DAHDI Drivers 155
Internationalization Within Asterisk 157
Caller ID 157
Language and/or Accent of Prompts 158
Time/Date Stamps and Pronunciation 159
Conclusion—Easy Reference Cheat Sheet 162
10. Deeper into the Dialplan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
163
Expressions and Variable Manipulation 163
Basic Expressions 163
Operators 165
Dialplan Functions 166