Tricuspid valve regurgitation [SEP] Tricuspid valve regurgitation and lithium carbonate toxicity in a newborn infant.

Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency [SEP] Backflow of blood from the RIGHT VENTRICLE into the RIGHT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the TRICUSPID VALVE.


lithium carbonate [SEP] Tricuspid valve regurgitation and lithium carbonate toxicity in a newborn infant.

Lithium Carbonate [SEP] A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL


toxicity [SEP] Tricuspid valve regurgitation and lithium carbonate toxicity in a newborn infant.

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


tricuspid regurgitation [SEP] A newborn with massive tricuspid regurgitation, atrial flutter, congestive heart failure, and a high serum lit


atrial flutter [SEP] A newborn with massive tricuspid regurgitation, atrial flutter, congestive heart failure, and a high serum lithium level is de

Atrial Flutter [SEP] Rapid, irregular atrial contractions caused by a block of electrical impulse conduction in the right atrium and a reentrant wave


congestive heart failure [SEP] A newborn with massive tricuspid regurgitation, atrial flutter, congestive heart failure, and a high serum lithium level is described. This is the first

Heart Failure [SEP] A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Hear


lithium [SEP] ion, atrial flutter, congestive heart failure, and a high serum lithium level is described. This is the first patient to initially mani

Lithium [SEP] An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of


cardiac disease [SEP] itation and atrial flutter, and the 11th described patient with cardiac disease among infants exposed to lithium compounds in the first trimest

Heart Diseases [SEP] Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.


Lithium carbonate [SEP] three percent of these infants had tricuspid valve involvement. Lithium carbonate may be a factor in the increasing incidence of congenital heart


congenital heart disease [SEP] ithium carbonate may be a factor in the increasing incidence of congenital heart disease when taken during early pregnancy. It also causes neurologic de


neurologic depression [SEP] heart disease when taken during early pregnancy. It also causes neurologic depression, cyanosis, and cardiac arrhythmia when consumed prior to delive

Depressive Disorder [SEP] An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood distur


cyanosis [SEP] n during early pregnancy. It also causes neurologic depression, cyanosis, and cardiac arrhythmia when consumed prior to delivery.

Cyanosis [SEP] A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin


cardiac arrhythmia [SEP]  pregnancy. It also causes neurologic depression, cyanosis, and cardiac arrhythmia when consumed prior to delivery.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac [SEP] Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by


Phenobarbital [SEP] Phenobarbital-induced dyskinesia in a neurologically-impaired child.

Phenobarbital [SEP] A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC AC


dyskinesia [SEP] Phenobarbital-induced dyskinesia in a neurologically-impaired child.

Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced [SEP] Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or


neurologically-impaired [SEP] Phenobarbital-induced dyskinesia in a neurologically-impaired child.

Nervous System Diseases [SEP] Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, periph


neurologic impairment [SEP] A 2-year-old child with known neurologic impairment developed a dyskinesia soon after starting phenobarbital therap


dyskinesia [SEP] A 2-year-old child with known neurologic impairment developed a dyskinesia soon after starting phenobarbital therapy for seizures. Known c


phenobarbital [SEP] eurologic impairment developed a dyskinesia soon after starting phenobarbital therapy for seizures. Known causes of movement disorders were e


seizures [SEP] oped a dyskinesia soon after starting phenobarbital therapy for seizures. Known causes of movement disorders were eliminated after evalu

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


movement disorders [SEP] er starting phenobarbital therapy for seizures. Known causes of movement disorders were eliminated after evaluation. On repeat challenge with phen

Movement Disorders [SEP] Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerati


Phenobarbital [SEP] n repeat challenge with phenobarbital, the dyskinesia recurred. Phenobarbital should be added to the list of anticonvulsant drugs that can ca


ammonia [SEP] Acute changes of blood ammonia may predict short-term adverse effects of valproic acid.

Ammonia [SEP] A colorless alkaline gas. It is formed in the body during decomposition of organic materials during a large number of metabolica


valproic acid [SEP] nges of blood ammonia may predict short-term adverse effects of valproic acid.

Valproic Acid [SEP] A fatty acid with anticonvulsant properties used in the treatment of epilepsy. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not


Valproic acid [SEP] Valproic acid (VPA) was given to 24 epileptic patients who were already being


VPA [SEP] Valproic acid (VPA) was given to 24 epileptic patients who were already being trea


epileptic [SEP] Valproic acid (VPA) was given to 24 epileptic patients who were already being treated with other antiepilepti

Epilepsy [SEP] A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuron


Ammonia [SEP] tered, and venous blood was sampled at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours. Ammonia (NH3) was higher in patients who, during continuous therapy, co


NH3 [SEP] d venous blood was sampled at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours. Ammonia (NH3) was higher in patients who, during continuous therapy, complai


drowsiness [SEP] igher in patients who, during continuous therapy, complained of drowsiness (7 patients) than in those who were symptom-free (17 patients),

Disorders of Excessive Somnolence [SEP] Disorders characterized by hypersomnolence during normal waking hours that may impair cognitive functioning. Subtypes include pr


haloperidol [SEP] n male rats. Calcitonin injection resulted in a potentiation of haloperidol-induced catalepsy and a partial prevention of apomorphine-induc

Haloperidol [SEP] A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoa


catalepsy [SEP] nin injection resulted in a potentiation of haloperidol-induced catalepsy and a partial prevention of apomorphine-induced hyperactivity.

Catalepsy [SEP] A condition characterized by inactivity, decreased responsiveness to stimuli, and a tendency to maintain an immobile posture. Th


apomorphine [SEP] on of haloperidol-induced catalepsy and a partial prevention of apomorphine-induced hyperactivity. Moreover calcitonin induced a significan

Apomorphine [SEP] A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poiso


hyperactivity [SEP] duced catalepsy and a partial prevention of apomorphine-induced hyperactivity. Moreover calcitonin induced a significant decrease in nigral G

Hyperkinesis [SEP] Excessive movement of muscles of the body as a whole, which may be associated with organic or psychological disorders.


DA [SEP] icant decrease in nigral GAD activity but no change in striatal DA and DOPAC concentration or GAD activity. The results are discus

Dopamine [SEP] One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and


DOPAC [SEP] ecrease in nigral GAD activity but no change in striatal DA and DOPAC concentration or GAD activity. The results are discussed in vie

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid [SEP] A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.


isoproterenol [SEP] Development of isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy.

Isoproterenol [SEP] Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. I


cardiac hypertrophy [SEP] Development of isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy.

Cardiomegaly [SEP] Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the l


cardiac hypertrophy [SEP] The development of cardiac hypertrophy was studied in adult female Wistar rats following daily subcuta


isoproterenol [SEP] t female Wistar rats following daily subcutaneous injections of isoproterenol (ISO) (0.3 mg/kg body weight). A time course was established fo


ISO [SEP]  rats following daily subcutaneous injections of isoproterenol (ISO) (0.3 mg/kg body weight). A time course was established for the


hydroxyproline [SEP]  for the change in tissue mass, RNA and DNA content, as well as hydroxyproline content. Heart weight increased 44% after 8 days of treatment w

Hydroxyproline [SEP] A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.


hypertrophic [SEP]  DNA content was unchanged during the early stage (1-4 days) of hypertrophic growth but increased to a new steady-state level 19% above the

Hypertrophy [SEP] General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor


hypertrophy [SEP] The development of cardiac hypertrophy was studied in adult female Wistar rats following daily subcuta


hyperplasia [SEP] epresent a complex integration of both cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia within the heart.

Hyperplasia [SEP] An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increa


carcinogenic [SEP] Co-carcinogenic effect of retinyl acetate on forestomach carcinogenesis of male

Carcinogenesis [SEP] The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between


retinyl acetate [SEP] Co-carcinogenic effect of retinyl acetate on forestomach carcinogenesis of male F344 rats induced with bu

retinol acetate [SEP]


forestomach carcinogenesis [SEP] Co-carcinogenic effect of retinyl acetate on forestomach carcinogenesis of male F344 rats induced with butylated hydroxyanisole.

Stomach Neoplasms [SEP] Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.


butylated hydroxyanisole [SEP] te on forestomach carcinogenesis of male F344 rats induced with butylated hydroxyanisole.

Butylated Hydroxyanisole [SEP] Mixture of 2- and 3-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenols that is used as an antioxidant in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.


retinyl acetate [SEP] The potential modifying effect of retinyl acetate (RA) on butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)-induced rat forestomach

retinol acetate [SEP]


RA [SEP] The potential modifying effect of retinyl acetate (RA) on butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)-induced rat forestomach tumo

retinol acetate [SEP]


butylated hydroxyanisole [SEP] The potential modifying effect of retinyl acetate (RA) on butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)-induced rat forestomach tumorigenesis was examined. Male


BHA [SEP] ing effect of retinyl acetate (RA) on butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)-induced rat forestomach tumorigenesis was examined. Male F344


forestomach tumorigenesis [SEP] inyl acetate (RA) on butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)-induced rat forestomach tumorigenesis was examined. Male F344 rats, 5 weeks of age, were maintained o


forestomach tumors [SEP]  RA significantly (P less than 0.05) increased the incidence of forestomach tumors (squamous cell papilloma and carcinoma) to 60% (9/15, 2 rats wi


squamous cell papilloma [SEP]  less than 0.05) increased the incidence of forestomach tumors (squamous cell papilloma and carcinoma) to 60% (9/15, 2 rats with carcinoma) from 15% (3

Papilloma [SEP] A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm co


carcinoma [SEP] he incidence of forestomach tumors (squamous cell papilloma and carcinoma) to 60% (9/15, 2 rats with carcinoma) from 15% (3/20, one rat w

Carcinoma [SEP] A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It i


epithelial hyperplasia [SEP] ependent enhancing effect on the development of the BHA-induced epithelial hyperplasia. Tumors, all papillomas, were induced in 3 rats (17%) with 0.25

Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia [SEP] Hyperplasia of the mucous membrane of the lips, tongue, and less commonly, the buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth, and palate, pr


Tumors [SEP] t on the development of the BHA-induced epithelial hyperplasia. Tumors, all papillomas, were induced in 3 rats (17%) with 0.25% RA and

Neoplasms [SEP] New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and me


papillomas [SEP] elopment of the BHA-induced epithelial hyperplasia. Tumors, all papillomas, were induced in 3 rats (17%) with 0.25% RA and in one rat (10%


forestomach carcinogenesis [SEP] e findings indicate that RA acted as a co-carcinogen in the BHA forestomach carcinogenesis of the rat.


Ketanserin [SEP] Ketanserin pretreatment reverses alfentanil-induced muscle rigidity.

Ketanserin [SEP] A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering b


alfentanil [SEP] Ketanserin pretreatment reverses alfentanil-induced muscle rigidity.

Alfentanil [SEP] A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recov


muscle rigidity [SEP] Ketanserin pretreatment reverses alfentanil-induced muscle rigidity.

Muscle Rigidity [SEP] Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. When an affected m


ketanserin [SEP] Systemic pretreatment with ketanserin, a relatively specific type-2 serotonin receptor antagonist, si


serotonin [SEP] emic pretreatment with ketanserin, a relatively specific type-2 serotonin receptor antagonist, significantly attenuated the muscle rigidi

Serotonin [SEP] A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily i


muscle rigidity [SEP] e-2 serotonin receptor antagonist, significantly attenuated the muscle rigidity produced in rats by the potent short-acting opiate agonist alfe


alfentanil [SEP] dity produced in rats by the potent short-acting opiate agonist alfentanil. Following placement of subcutaneous electrodes in each animal'


rigidity [SEP] otonin receptor antagonist, significantly attenuated the muscle rigidity produced in rats by the potent short-acting opiate agonist alfe


Chlordiazepoxide [SEP] ographic activity compared with animals pretreated with saline. Chlordiazepoxide at doses up to 10 mg/kg failed to significantly influence the r

Chlordiazepoxide [SEP] An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symp


respiratory depression [SEP] s the interaction of possibly enhanced CNS, cardiovascular, and respiratory depression.

Respiratory Insufficiency [SEP] Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)


Glycopyrronium [SEP] Glycopyrronium requirements for antagonism of the muscarinic side effects of e

Glycopyrrolate [SEP] A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in some disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and to reduce salivation with


edrophonium [SEP] m requirements for antagonism of the muscarinic side effects of edrophonium.

Edrophonium [SEP] A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It h


glycopyrronium [SEP] e compared, in 60 adult patients, the cardiovascular effects of glycopyrronium 5 micrograms kg-1 and 10 micrograms kg-1 given either simultane


edrophonium [SEP]  10 micrograms kg-1 given either simultaneously or 1 min before edrophonium 1 mg kg-1. Significant differences between the four groups were


bradycardias [SEP] ophonium, was sufficient to minimize early, edrophonium-induced bradycardias. This low dose of glycopyrronium provided good control of oroph

Bradycardia [SEP] Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. Th


fentanyl [SEP] ement of locus coeruleus and noradrenergic neurotransmission in fentanyl-induced muscular rigidity in the rat.

Fentanyl [SEP] A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is


muscular rigidity [SEP] eruleus and noradrenergic neurotransmission in fentanyl-induced muscular rigidity in the rat.


muscular rigidity [SEP] Whereas muscular rigidity is a well-known side effect that is associated with high-dose f


fentanyl [SEP] y is a well-known side effect that is associated with high-dose fentanyl anesthesia, a paucity of information exists with regard to its


ketamine [SEP] is phenomenon, using male Sprague-Dawley rats anesthetized with ketamine. Under proper control of respiration, body temperature and end-

Ketamine [SEP] A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can bl


CO2 [SEP] r proper control of respiration, body temperature and end-tidal CO2, intravenous administration of fentanyl (50 or 100 micrograms/k

Carbon Dioxide [SEP] A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.


prazosin [SEP]  coeruleus or pretreatment with the alpha-adrenoceptor blocker, prazosin. Microinjection of fentanyl (2.5 micrograms/50 nl) directly int

Prazosin [SEP] A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEAS


Cerebral sinus thrombosis [SEP] Cerebral sinus thrombosis as a potential hazard of antifibrinolytic treatment in menorrha

Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial [SEP] Formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the CRANIAL SINUSES, large endothelium-lined venous channels situated within


menorrhagia [SEP] rombosis as a potential hazard of antifibrinolytic treatment in menorrhagia.

Menorrhagia [SEP] Excessive uterine bleeding during MENSTRUATION.


left transverse sinus thrombosis [SEP] escribe a 42-year-old woman who developed superior sagittal and left transverse sinus thrombosis associated with prolonged epsilon-aminocaproic acid therapy for

Lateral Sinus Thrombosis [SEP] Formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the LATERAL SINUSES. This condition is often associated with ear infections


epsilon-aminocaproic acid [SEP]  and left transverse sinus thrombosis associated with prolonged epsilon-aminocaproic acid therapy for menorrhagia. This antifibrinolytic agent has been u

Aminocaproic Acid [SEP] An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.


menorrhagia [SEP] associated with prolonged epsilon-aminocaproic acid therapy for menorrhagia. This antifibrinolytic agent has been used in women with menorr


blood loss [SEP] n used in women with menorrhagia to promote clotting and reduce blood loss. Although increased risk of thromboembolic disease has been rep

Postpartum Hemorrhage [SEP] Excess blood loss from uterine bleeding associated with OBSTETRIC LABOR or CHILDBIRTH. It is defined as blood loss greater than


thromboembolic disease [SEP] mote clotting and reduce blood loss. Although increased risk of thromboembolic disease has been reported during treatment with epsilon-aminocaproic ac

Thromboembolism [SEP] Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.


cerebral sinus thrombosis [SEP]  been reported during treatment with epsilon-aminocaproic acid, cerebral sinus thrombosis has not been previously described. Careful use of epsilon-amino


Hemorrhagic [SEP] Hemorrhagic cystitis complicating bone marrow transplantation.

Hemorrhage [SEP] Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.


cystitis [SEP] Hemorrhagic cystitis complicating bone marrow transplantation.

Cystitis [SEP] Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful


Hemorrhagic [SEP] Hemorrhagic cystitis is a potentially serious complication of high-dose cyc


cystitis [SEP] Hemorrhagic cystitis is a potentially serious complication of high-dose cyclophospha


cyclophosphamide [SEP] gic cystitis is a potentially serious complication of high-dose cyclophosphamide therapy administered before bone marrow transplantation. As sta

Cyclophosphamide [SEP] Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the LIVER to fo


mesna [SEP] gation, we conducted a feasibility trial of uroprophylaxis with mesna, which neutralizes the hepatic metabolite of cyclophosphamide t

Mesna [SEP] A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFA


hemorrhagic [SEP] tralizes the hepatic metabolite of cyclophosphamide that causes hemorrhagic cystitis. Of 97 patients who received standard prophylaxis, 4 h


benzodiazepine [SEP] Reversal of central benzodiazepine effects by flumazenil after intravenous conscious sedation with

Benzodiazepines [SEP] A group of two-ring heterocyclic compounds consisting of a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring.


flumazenil [SEP] Reversal of central benzodiazepine effects by flumazenil after intravenous conscious sedation with diazepam and opioids:

Flumazenil [SEP] A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been su


diazepam [SEP] effects by flumazenil after intravenous conscious sedation with diazepam and opioids: report of a double-blind multicenter study. The Fl

Diazepam [SEP] A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of actio


Flumazenil [SEP] am and opioids: report of a double-blind multicenter study. The Flumazenil in Intravenous Conscious Sedation with Diazepam Multicenter Stu


Diazepam [SEP] er study. The Flumazenil in Intravenous Conscious Sedation with Diazepam Multicenter Study Group II.


benzodiazepine [SEP] The efficacy and safety of a new benzodiazepine antagonist, flumazenil, were assessed in a double-blind multice


flumazenil [SEP] The efficacy and safety of a new benzodiazepine antagonist, flumazenil, were assessed in a double-blind multicenter study. Flumazenil


Flumazenil [SEP]  flumazenil, were assessed in a double-blind multicenter study. Flumazenil (mean dose, 0.76 mg) or placebo (mean dose, 8.9 ml) was adminis


diazepam [SEP] nously to 130 and 67 patients, respectively, who had been given diazepam in conjunction with an opioid (fentanyl, meperidine, or morphin


fentanyl [SEP] ely, who had been given diazepam in conjunction with an opioid (fentanyl, meperidine, or morphine) for the induction and maintenance of

Fentanyl [SEP] A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is


meperidine [SEP] ad been given diazepam in conjunction with an opioid (fentanyl, meperidine, or morphine) for the induction and maintenance of intravenous

Meperidine [SEP] A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and


morphine [SEP] iazepam in conjunction with an opioid (fentanyl, meperidine, or morphine) for the induction and maintenance of intravenous conscious sed

Morphine [SEP] The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central


nausea [SEP] lated adverse experiences. The most common adverse effects were nausea and vomiting in the flumazenil group and nausea and injection-s

Nausea [SEP] An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and moti


vomiting [SEP] se experiences. The most common adverse effects were nausea and vomiting in the flumazenil group and nausea and injection-site pain in t

Vomiting [SEP] The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.


pain [SEP]  vomiting in the flumazenil group and nausea and injection-site pain in the placebo group. Flumazenil was found to promptly reverse

Pain [SEP] An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.


adenomas [SEP] Hepatic adenomas and focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver in young women on or

Adenoma [SEP] A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.


focal nodular hyperplasia [SEP] Hepatic adenomas and focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver in young women on oral contraceptives: case report

Focal Nodular Hyperplasia [SEP] Solitary or multiple benign hepatic vascular tumors, usually occurring in women of 20-50 years of age. The nodule, poorly encaps


oral contraceptives [SEP] as and focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver in young women on oral contraceptives: case reports.

Contraceptives, Oral [SEP] Compounds, usually hormonal, taken orally in order to block ovulation and prevent the occurrence of pregnancy. The hormones are


adenoma [SEP] Two cases of hepatic adenoma and one of focal nodular hyperplasia presumably associated with


focal nodular hyperplasia [SEP] Two cases of hepatic adenoma and one of focal nodular hyperplasia presumably associated with the use of oral contraceptives, are


oral contraceptives [SEP] focal nodular hyperplasia presumably associated with the use of oral contraceptives, are reported. Special reference is made to their clinical pres


thromboembolism [SEP] Arterial thromboembolism in patients receiving systemic heparin therapy: a complication

Thromboembolism [SEP] Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.


heparin [SEP] Arterial thromboembolism in patients receiving systemic heparin therapy: a complication associated with heparin-induced thrombo

Heparin [SEP] A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges


thrombocytopenia [SEP] heparin therapy: a complication associated with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

Thrombocytopenia [SEP] A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.


thromboembolism [SEP] Arterial thromboembolism is a recognized complication of systemic heparin therapy. Chara


heparin [SEP] terial thromboembolism is a recognized complication of systemic heparin therapy. Characteristic of the entity is arterial occlusion by


arterial occlusion [SEP] on of systemic heparin therapy. Characteristic of the entity is arterial occlusion by platelet-fibrin thrombi with distal ischemia occurring four

Arterial Occlusive Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduce


thrombi [SEP] teristic of the entity is arterial occlusion by platelet-fibrin thrombi with distal ischemia occurring four to twenty days after the in

Thrombosis [SEP] Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.


ischemia [SEP] ty is arterial occlusion by platelet-fibrin thrombi with distal ischemia occurring four to twenty days after the initiation of heparin t

Ischemia [SEP] A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS,


thrombocytopenia [SEP] s after the initiation of heparin therapy, preceded by profound thrombocytopenia with platelet counts in the range of 30,000 to 40,000 per cubic


musculoskeletal symptoms [SEP] ally apparent occlusion may be preceded by gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal symptoms that appear to be ischemic in origin, and might serve to warn t

Musculoskeletal Diseases [SEP] Diseases of the muscles and their associated ligaments and other connective tissue and of the bones and cartilage viewed collect


ischemic [SEP] gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal symptoms that appear to be ischemic in origin, and might serve to warn the clinician of these compl


platelet aggregation [SEP] elating thromboembolism and thrombocytopenia is heparin-induced platelet aggregation. Appropriate treatment consists of discontinuation of heparin,

Blood Platelet Disorders [SEP] Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function.


sodium warfarin [SEP] onsists of discontinuation of heparin, and anticoagulation with sodium warfarin if necessary. Vascular procedures are performed as indicated.

Warfarin [SEP] An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the


paracetamol [SEP] Long-term prognosis for transplant-free survivors of paracetamol-induced acute liver failure.

Acetaminophen [SEP] Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but


acute liver failure [SEP]  prognosis for transplant-free survivors of paracetamol-induced acute liver failure.

Liver Failure, Acute [SEP] A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of H


paracetamol [SEP] BACKGROUND: The prognosis for transplant-free survivors of paracetamol-induced acute liver failure remains unknown. AIM: To examine wh


acute liver failure [SEP]  prognosis for transplant-free survivors of paracetamol-induced acute liver failure remains unknown. AIM: To examine whether paracetamol-induced ac


acute liver injury [SEP] ollowed up all transplant-free survivors of paracetamol-induced acute liver injury, hospitalized in a Danish national referral centre during 1984-

Drug-Induced Liver Injury [SEP] A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug


liver injury [SEP] d up all transplant-free survivors of paracetamol-induced acute liver injury, hospitalized in a Danish national referral centre during 1984-


liver disease [SEP]  age-dependent, and no survivors of acute liver failure died of liver disease, whereas suicides were frequent in both groups. These observati

Liver Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the LIVER.


substance abuse [SEP] sulted from incomplete adjustment for the greater prevalence of substance abuse among survivors of acute liver failure. CONCLUSIONS: Paracetamo

Substance-Related Disorders [SEP] Disorders related to substance abuse.


Paracetamol [SEP] ance abuse among survivors of acute liver failure. CONCLUSIONS: Paracetamol-induced acute liver failure did not affect long-term mortality.


liver failure [SEP] osis for transplant-free survivors of paracetamol-induced acute liver failure remains unknown. AIM: To examine whether paracetamol-induced ac

Liver Failure [SEP] Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum leve


Serotonin [SEP] Serotonin 6 receptor gene is associated with methamphetamine-induced psyc

Serotonin [SEP] A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily i


methamphetamine [SEP] Serotonin 6 receptor gene is associated with methamphetamine-induced psychosis in a Japanese population.

Methamphetamine [SEP] A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is


psychosis [SEP] onin 6 receptor gene is associated with methamphetamine-induced psychosis in a Japanese population.

Psychoses, Substance-Induced [SEP] Psychotic organic mental disorders resulting from the toxic effect of drugs and chemicals or other harmful substance.


psychotic disorders [SEP]  transmission is hypothesized to be a susceptibility factor for psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. The serotonin 6 (5-HT6) receptor is ther


schizophrenia [SEP] d to be a susceptibility factor for psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. The serotonin 6 (5-HT6) receptor is therapeutically targeted b

Schizophrenia [SEP] A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALL


serotonin [SEP] ility factor for psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. The serotonin 6 (5-HT6) receptor is therapeutically targeted by several secon


5-HT [SEP] for psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. The serotonin 6 (5-HT6) receptor is therapeutically targeted by several second genera


clozapine [SEP] y targeted by several second generation antipsychotics, such as clozapine and olanzapine, and d-amphetamine-induced hyperactivity in rats

Clozapine [SEP] A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system rec


olanzapine [SEP] several second generation antipsychotics, such as clozapine and olanzapine, and d-amphetamine-induced hyperactivity in rats is corrected w

olanzapine [SEP]


d-amphetamine [SEP] eneration antipsychotics, such as clozapine and olanzapine, and d-amphetamine-induced hyperactivity in rats is corrected with the use of a se

Dextroamphetamine [SEP] The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatmen


hyperactivity [SEP] cs, such as clozapine and olanzapine, and d-amphetamine-induced hyperactivity in rats is corrected with the use of a selective 5-HT6 receptor

Hyperkinesis [SEP] Excessive movement of muscles of the body as a whole, which may be associated with organic or psychological disorders.


phencyclidine [SEP] , the disrupted prepulse inhibition induced by d-amphetamine or phencyclidine was restored by 5-HT6 receptor antagonist in an animal study us

Phencyclidine [SEP] A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is simila


methamphetamine [SEP]  in the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders. The symptoms of methamphetamine (METH)-induced psychosis are similar to those of paranoid type


METH [SEP] iology of psychotic disorders. The symptoms of methamphetamine (METH)-induced psychosis are similar to those of paranoid type schizo


psychosis [SEP] hotic disorders. The symptoms of methamphetamine (METH)-induced psychosis are similar to those of paranoid type schizophrenia. Therefore,


paranoid type schizophrenia [SEP] ethamphetamine (METH)-induced psychosis are similar to those of paranoid type schizophrenia. Therefore, we conducted an analysis of the association of the

Schizophrenia, Paranoid [SEP] A chronic form of schizophrenia characterized primarily by the presence of persecutory or grandiose delusions, often associated


bupropion hydrochloride [SEP] Effect of increasing intraperitoneal infusion rates on bupropion hydrochloride-induced seizures in mice.

Bupropion [SEP] A unicyclic, aminoketone antidepressant. The mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not well understood, but it does appear to


seizures [SEP] traperitoneal infusion rates on bupropion hydrochloride-induced seizures in mice.

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


bupropion [SEP]  if there is a relationship between input rate and incidence of bupropion-induced seizures. This is important, since different controlled


seizures [SEP] ationship between input rate and incidence of bupropion-induced seizures. This is important, since different controlled release formulat


bupropion HCl [SEP] ted the effect of varying the intraperitoneal infusion rates of bupropion HCl 120 mg/kg, a known convulsive dose 50 (CD50), on the incidence


convulsive [SEP] raperitoneal infusion rates of bupropion HCl 120 mg/kg, a known convulsive dose 50 (CD50), on the incidence and severity of bupropion-indu


convulsions [SEP] e 50 (CD50), on the incidence and severity of bupropion-induced convulsions in the Swiss albino mice. A total of 69 mice, approximately 7 w


Bupropion HCl [SEP] al (IP) administration in 7 groups (9 to 10 animals per group). Bupropion HCl was infused through a surgically implanted IP dosing catheter w


penicillin [SEP] Detailed spectral profile analysis of penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in anesthetized rats.

Penicillins [SEP] A group of antibiotics that contain 6-aminopenicillanic acid with a side chain attached to the 6-amino group. The penicillin nuc


epileptiform activity [SEP] Detailed spectral profile analysis of penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in anesthetized rats.

Epilepsy [SEP] A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuron


Penicillin [SEP] Penicillin model is a widely used experimental model for epilepsy research


epilepsy [SEP] Penicillin model is a widely used experimental model for epilepsy research. In the present study we aimed to portray a detailed s


penicillin [SEP] esent study we aimed to portray a detailed spectral analysis of penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in comparison with basal brain ac


epileptiform activity [SEP] d to portray a detailed spectral analysis of penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in comparison with basal brain activity in anesthetized Wistar


urethane [SEP] tized Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with i.p. urethane and connected to an electrocorticogram setup. After a short per

Urethane [SEP] Antineoplastic agent that is also used as a veterinary anesthetic. It has also been used as an intermediate in organic synthesis


epileptic [SEP] cogram setup. After a short period of basal activity recording, epileptic focus was induced by injecting 400IU/2 microl penicillin-G pota


penicillin-G potassium [SEP] ording, epileptic focus was induced by injecting 400IU/2 microl penicillin-G potassium into the left lateral ventricle while the cortical activity was

Penicillin G [SEP] A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections.


epilepsies [SEP] basic neuronal mechanism of this or other types of experimental epilepsies.


dexmedetomidine [SEP] High dose dexmedetomidine as the sole sedative for pediatric MRI.

Dexmedetomidine [SEP] A imidazole derivative that is an agonist of ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS. It is closely-related to MEDETOMIDINE, which is the r


dexmedetomidine [SEP] ge-scale retrospective review evaluates the sedation profile of dexmedetomidine. AIM: To determine the hemodynamic responses, efficacy and adve


Dexmedetomidine [SEP] ative for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine has been used at our institution since 2005 to provide sedation


pentobarbital [SEP] .8% to 97.6% (P = 0.009), reducing the requirement for adjuvant pentobarbital in the event of sedation failure with dexmedetomidine alone and

Pentobarbital [SEP] A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given


bradycardia [SEP] dexmedetomidine sedation was associated with a 16% incidence of bradycardia, all concomitant mean arterial blood pressures were within 20%

Bradycardia [SEP] Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. Th


oxygen [SEP] lood pressures were within 20% of age-adjusted normal range and oxygen saturations were 95% or higher. CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine in

Oxygen [SEP] An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on ear


Methamphetamine [SEP] Methamphetamine causes alterations in the MAP kinase-related pathways in the br

Methamphetamine [SEP] A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is


aggressiveness [SEP] e-related pathways in the brains of mice that display increased aggressiveness.

Mental Disorders [SEP] Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of tho


Aggressive behaviors [SEP] Aggressive behaviors have been reported in patients who suffer from some psychiatric


psychiatric disorders [SEP] e behaviors have been reported in patients who suffer from some psychiatric disorders, and are common in methamphetamine (METH) abusers. Herein, we r


methamphetamine [SEP] s who suffer from some psychiatric disorders, and are common in methamphetamine (METH) abusers. Herein, we report that multiple (but not single


METH [SEP]  some psychiatric disorders, and are common in methamphetamine (METH) abusers. Herein, we report that multiple (but not single) inje


aggressiveness [SEP] ple (but not single) injections of METH significantly increased aggressiveness in male CD-1 mice. This increase in aggressiveness was not seco


hyperactivity [SEP] is increase in aggressiveness was not secondary to METH-induced hyperactivity. Analysis of protein expression using antibody microarrays and


aggressive behaviors [SEP] -striatal circuitries might be involved in the manifestation of aggressive behaviors in mice.


Lamotrigine [SEP] Lamotrigine associated with exacerbation or de novo myoclonus in idiopathic

lamotrigine [SEP]


myoclonus [SEP] Lamotrigine associated with exacerbation or de novo myoclonus in idiopathic generalized epilepsies.

Myoclonus [SEP] Involuntary shock-like contractions, irregular in rhythm and amplitude, followed by relaxation, of a muscle or a group of muscle


idiopathic generalized epilepsies [SEP] amotrigine associated with exacerbation or de novo myoclonus in idiopathic generalized epilepsies.

Epilepsy, Idiopathic Generalized [SEP]


idiopathic generalized epilepsies [SEP] Five patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGE) treated with lamotrigine (LTG) experienced exacerbation o

Epilepsy, Idiopathic Generalized [SEP]


IGE [SEP] Five patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGE) treated with lamotrigine (LTG) experienced exacerbation or de

Epilepsy, Idiopathic Generalized [SEP]


lamotrigine [SEP] ients with idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGE) treated with lamotrigine (LTG) experienced exacerbation or de novo appearance of myoclon

lamotrigine [SEP]


LTG [SEP] iopathic generalized epilepsies (IGE) treated with lamotrigine (LTG) experienced exacerbation or de novo appearance of myoclonic je

lamotrigine [SEP]


myoclonic jerks [SEP] trigine (LTG) experienced exacerbation or de novo appearance of myoclonic jerks (MJ). In three patients, LTG exacerbated MJ in a dose-dependent


MJ [SEP] erienced exacerbation or de novo appearance of myoclonic jerks (MJ). In three patients, LTG exacerbated MJ in a dose-dependent man


myoclonic status [SEP] s, LTG exacerbated MJ in a delayed but more severe manner, with myoclonic status that only ceased after LTG withdrawal.


dyskinesias [SEP] rTMS of supplementary motor area modulates therapy-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson disease.

Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced [SEP] Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or


Parkinson disease [SEP] pplementary motor area modulates therapy-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson disease.

Parkinson Disease [SEP] A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency


levodopa [SEP] The neural mechanisms and circuitry involved in levodopa-induced dyskinesia are unclear. Using repetitive transcranial m

Levodopa [SEP] The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can b


dyskinesia [SEP] he neural mechanisms and circuitry involved in levodopa-induced dyskinesia are unclear. Using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation


Parkinson disease [SEP] lementary motor area (SMA) in a group of patients with advanced Parkinson disease, the authors investigated whether modulation of SMA excitabilit


dyskinetic [SEP] odulation of SMA excitability may result in a modification of a dyskinetic state induced by continuous apomorphine infusion. rTMS at 1 Hz


apomorphine [SEP] t in a modification of a dyskinetic state induced by continuous apomorphine infusion. rTMS at 1 Hz was observed to markedly reduce drug-ind

Apomorphine [SEP] A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poiso


drug-induced dyskinesias [SEP] morphine infusion. rTMS at 1 Hz was observed to markedly reduce drug-induced dyskinesias, whereas 5-Hz rTMS induced a slight but not significant increas


amnesia [SEP] Assessment of the onset and persistence of amnesia during procedural sedation with propofol.

Amnesia [SEP] Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMN


propofol [SEP] nset and persistence of amnesia during procedural sedation with propofol.

Propofol [SEP] An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very shor


propofol [SEP] rds presented to them while undergoing procedural sedation with propofol, and correlate their recall with their level of awareness as me


inability to repeat words [SEP]  74.3 to 80.0). The mean highest BIS score corresponding to the inability to repeat words was 81.5 (95% CI = 78.1 to 84.8). The mean BIS score correspond


retrograde amnesia [SEP] associated with recall after procedural sedation, suggestive of retrograde amnesia.

Amnesia, Retrograde [SEP] Loss of the ability to recall information that had been previously encoded in memory prior to a specified or approximate point i


hepatitis B [SEP] Assessment of perinatal hepatitis B and rubella prevention in New Hampshire delivery hospitals.

Hepatitis B [SEP] INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transm


rubella [SEP] Assessment of perinatal hepatitis B and rubella prevention in New Hampshire delivery hospitals.

Rubella [SEP] An acute infectious disease caused by the RUBELLA VIRUS. The virus enters the respiratory tract via airborne droplet and spreads


hepatitis B [SEP] CTIVE: To evaluate current performance on recommended perinatal hepatitis B and rubella prevention practices in New Hampshire. METHODS: Dat


rubella [SEP] te current performance on recommended perinatal hepatitis B and rubella prevention practices in New Hampshire. METHODS: Data were extra


hepatitis B surface antigen [SEP] tion of hepatitis B immune globulin to infants who were born to hepatitis B surface antigen-positive mothers, rubella immunity, and administration of in-ho

Hepatitis B Surface Antigens [SEP] Those hepatitis B antigens found on the surface of the Dane particle and on the 20 nm spherical and tubular particles. Several s


Hepatitis B [SEP] ng rates for hepatitis B (98.8%) and rubella (99.4%) were high. Hepatitis B vaccine birth dose was administered to 76.2% of all infants. Al


Doxorubicin [SEP] Doxorubicin is an anti-tumor agent that represses cardiac-specific gene exp

Doxorubicin [SEP] Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN.


tumor [SEP] Doxorubicin is an anti-tumor agent that represses cardiac-specific gene expression and induc

Neoplasms [SEP] New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and me


doxorubicin [SEP] rdiac myocytes. However, the role of p300 in protection against doxorubicin-induced apoptosis is unknown. Transgenic mice overexpressing p3


heart failure [SEP] m doxorubicin-induced apoptosis and reduces the extent of acute heart failure in adult mice in vivo.

Heart Failure [SEP] A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Hear


doxorubicin [SEP] ondrial DNA and its respiratory chain products are defective in doxorubicin nephrosis.


nephrosis [SEP] and its respiratory chain products are defective in doxorubicin nephrosis.

Nephrosis [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secon


Doxorubicin [SEP] BACKGROUND: Doxorubicin induces a self-perpetuating nephropathy characterized by early


nephropathy [SEP] BACKGROUND: Doxorubicin induces a self-perpetuating nephropathy characterized by early glomerular and late-onset tubular lesion

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


glomerular and late-onset tubular lesions [SEP]  induces a self-perpetuating nephropathy characterized by early glomerular and late-onset tubular lesions in rats. We investigated the potential role of mitochondrial in


mitochondrial injury [SEP]  tubular lesions in rats. We investigated the potential role of mitochondrial injury in the onset of these lesions. METHODS: Rats were treated with

Mitochondrial Diseases [SEP] Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondri


doxorubicin [SEP] t of these lesions. METHODS: Rats were treated with intravenous doxorubicin (1 mg kg(-1) week(-1)) for 7 weeks and were sacrificed either 1


Glomerular and tubular injury [SEP] h prior to euthanasia. All rats were killed at 48 weeks of age. Glomerular and tubular injury was monitored and correlated to the activity or expression of r


superoxide [SEP] uantified both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as well as superoxide production and the 4834 base pair 'common' mtDNA deletion. RESU

Superoxides [SEP] Highly reactive compounds produced when oxygen is reduced by a single electron. In biological systems, they may be generated dur


glomerular and tubular lesions [SEP]  mtDNA deletion. RESULTS: The 'long-term' group had significant glomerular and tubular lesions, depressed activities of mtDNA-encoded NADH dehydrogenase and c


citrate [SEP] NADH dehydrogenase and cytochrome-c oxidase (COX) and increased citrate synthase activity. In addition, expression of the mtDNA-encoded

sodium citrate [SEP]


tubular lesions [SEP] ng nephropathy characterized by early glomerular and late-onset tubular lesions in rats. We investigated the potential role of mitochondrial in


glomerular lesions [SEP]  rats, there were fewer tubular lesions, but similar numbers of glomerular lesions activity. Among all animals, glomerular and tubular injury were


glomerular and tubular injury [SEP] ilar numbers of glomerular lesions activity. Among all animals, glomerular and tubular injury were inversely correlated with mtDNA levels, mtDNA-encoded resp


renal lesions [SEP] ain function and induction of superoxide in doxorubicin-induced renal lesions.


Amphotericin B [SEP] Amphotericin B-induced seizures in a patient with AIDS.

Amphotericin B [SEP] Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.


seizures [SEP] Amphotericin B-induced seizures in a patient with AIDS.

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


AIDS [SEP] Amphotericin B-induced seizures in a patient with AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome [SEP] An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-ly


seizure [SEP] OBJECTIVE: To report a case of multiple episodes of seizure activity in an AIDS patent following amphotericin B infusion. C


AIDS [SEP] To report a case of multiple episodes of seizure activity in an AIDS patent following amphotericin B infusion. CASE SUMMARY: A 46-ye


amphotericin B [SEP] ltiple episodes of seizure activity in an AIDS patent following amphotericin B infusion. CASE SUMMARY: A 46-year-old African-American man expe


grand mal seizures [SEP] MMARY: A 46-year-old African-American man experienced recurrent grand mal seizures during intravenous infusion of amphotericin B, then petit mal s

Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic [SEP] A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk


seizures [SEP] 6-year-old African-American man experienced recurrent grand mal seizures during intravenous infusion of amphotericin B, then petit mal s


didanosine [SEP] creased with time. The patients concurrent medications included didanosine, hydroxyzine, promethazine, hydrocortisone, and prochlorperazin

Didanosine [SEP] A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modificatio


hydroxyzine [SEP]  time. The patients concurrent medications included didanosine, hydroxyzine, promethazine, hydrocortisone, and prochlorperazine. Despite ad

Hydroxyzine [SEP] A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated p


promethazine [SEP] tients concurrent medications included didanosine, hydroxyzine, promethazine, hydrocortisone, and prochlorperazine. Despite administration o

Promethazine [SEP] A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, i


hydrocortisone [SEP] ent medications included didanosine, hydroxyzine, promethazine, hydrocortisone, and prochlorperazine. Despite administration of phenytoin and

Hydrocortisone [SEP] The main glucocorticoid secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically,


prochlorperazine [SEP] uded didanosine, hydroxyzine, promethazine, hydrocortisone, and prochlorperazine. Despite administration of phenytoin and lorazepam, the seizure

Prochlorperazine [SEP] A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPR


phenytoin [SEP] hydrocortisone, and prochlorperazine. Despite administration of phenytoin and lorazepam, the seizures persisted and occurred only during

Phenytoin [SEP] An anticonvulsant that is used to treat a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mec


lorazepam [SEP] , and prochlorperazine. Despite administration of phenytoin and lorazepam, the seizures persisted and occurred only during amphotercin B

Lorazepam [SEP] A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sed


amphotercin B [SEP]  and lorazepam, the seizures persisted and occurred only during amphotercin B administration. DISCUSSION: AIDS and cryptococcal meningitis, b


cryptococcal meningitis [SEP]  only during amphotercin B administration. DISCUSSION: AIDS and cryptococcal meningitis, both of which the patient had, can potentially cause seizures.

Meningitis, Cryptococcal [SEP] Meningeal inflammation produced by CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS, an encapsulated yeast that tends to infect individuals with ACQUIRED


alcohol abuse [SEP] d, can potentially cause seizures. The patient had a history of alcohol abuse; alcohol intake as well as withdrawal can also cause seizures.

Alcoholism [SEP] A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations.


alcohol [SEP] d, can potentially cause seizures. The patient had a history of alcohol abuse; alcohol intake as well as withdrawal can also cause seiz

Ethanol [SEP] A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bacterici


Didanosine [SEP] ; alcohol intake as well as withdrawal can also cause seizures. Didanosine also has a potential for inducing seizures. However, these othe


Amphotericin B [SEP] as the cause of the seizures in this AIDS patient. CONCLUSIONS: Amphotericin B seems to be the probable cause of the seizures. To date, only t


tobramycin [SEP] Therapeutic drug monitoring of tobramycin: once-daily versus twice-daily dosage schedules.

Tobramycin [SEP] An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteri


tobramicyn [SEP] te the effect of dosage regimen (once-daily vs. twice-daily) of tobramicyn on steady-state serum concentrations and toxicity. MATERIALS AN


toxicity [SEP] e-daily) of tobramicyn on steady-state serum concentrations and toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients undergoing treatment with i.v.

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


tobramycin [SEP]  MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients undergoing treatment with i.v. tobramycin (4 mg/kg/day) were randomised to two groups. Group OD (n = 22)


Tobramycin [SEP] D (n = 21) received the same dose divided into two doses daily. Tobramycin serum concentrations (peak and trough) were measured by enzyme


creatinine [SEP] /min/kg in OD vs. 1.28+/-0.33 ml/min/kg in TD). Increased serum creatinine was observed in 73% of patients in OD versus 57% of patients in

Creatinine [SEP]


nephrotoxicity [SEP] atients in OD versus 57% of patients in TD, without evidence of nephrotoxicity. In TD group, three patients developed decreased auditory funct

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


decreased auditory function [SEP] idence of nephrotoxicity. In TD group, three patients developed decreased auditory function, of which one presented with an auditory loss of -30 dB, wherea

Hearing Loss [SEP] A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.


auditory loss [SEP] ped decreased auditory function, of which one presented with an auditory loss of -30 dB, whereas in the OD group only one patient presented d


anthracycline [SEP] Chronic effects of a novel synthetic anthracycline derivative (SM-5887) on normal heart and doxorubicin-induced ca

Anthracyclines [SEP] Organic compounds that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daun


SM-5887 [SEP] Chronic effects of a novel synthetic anthracycline derivative (SM-5887) on normal heart and doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in beag

amrubicin [SEP]


doxorubicin [SEP] ynthetic anthracycline derivative (SM-5887) on normal heart and doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in beagle dogs.

Doxorubicin [SEP] Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN.


cardiomyopathy [SEP] ne derivative (SM-5887) on normal heart and doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in beagle dogs.

Cardiomyopathies [SEP] A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classifi


cardiotoxic [SEP] This study was designed to investigate the chronic cardiotoxic potential of SM-5887 and a possible deteriorating effect of SM-

Cardiotoxicity [SEP] Damage to the heart or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY;


SM-5887 [SEP] as designed to investigate the chronic cardiotoxic potential of SM-5887 and a possible deteriorating effect of SM-5887 on low-grade car

amrubicin [SEP]


cardiotoxicity [SEP] 887 and a possible deteriorating effect of SM-5887 on low-grade cardiotoxicity pre-induced by doxorubicin in beagle dogs. In the chronic treat


doxorubicin [SEP] ng effect of SM-5887 on low-grade cardiotoxicity pre-induced by doxorubicin in beagle dogs. In the chronic treatment, beagle dogs of each s


cardiomyopathy [SEP] es, decrease of blood pressure and high-grade histopathological cardiomyopathy, while animals which were terminally sacrificed after the SM-58


Parkinson's disease [SEP] Posteroventral medial pallidotomy in advanced Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson Disease [SEP] A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency


Parkinson's disease [SEP] metimes produces striking improvement in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease, but the studies to date have involved small numbers of patient


dyskinesias [SEP]  interval, 19 to 39 percent); on-period score for contralateral dyskinesias, 82 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 72 to 91 percent);

Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced [SEP] Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or


parkinsonism [SEP] improvements in dyskinesias and the total scores for off-period parkinsonism, contralateral bradykinesia, and rigidity were sustained in the


bradykinesia [SEP] and the total scores for off-period parkinsonism, contralateral bradykinesia, and rigidity were sustained in the 11 patients examined at two

Hypokinesia [SEP] Slow or diminished movement of body musculature. It may be associated with BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; MENTAL DISORDERS; prolonged i


rigidity [SEP] es for off-period parkinsonism, contralateral bradykinesia, and rigidity were sustained in the 11 patients examined at two years. The im

Muscle Rigidity [SEP] Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. When an affected m


levodopa [SEP] te-stage Parkinson's disease, pallidotomy significantly reduces levodopa-induced dyskinesias and off-period disability. Much of the bene

Levodopa [SEP] The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can b


pilocarpine [SEP] Neuropeptide-Y immunoreactivity in the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Pilocarpine [SEP] A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glauco


temporal lobe epilepsy [SEP] Neuropeptide-Y immunoreactivity in the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe [SEP] A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the temporal lob


temporal lobe epilepsy [SEP] ssy fibres of the hippocampal dentate gyrus during experimental temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). This expression may represent an endogenous damping mech


TLE [SEP] ampal dentate gyrus during experimental temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). This expression may represent an endogenous damping mechanism


seizure [SEP]  endogenous damping mechanism since NPY has been shown to block seizure-like events following high-frequency stimulation in hippocampal

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


pilocarpine [SEP] following high-frequency stimulation in hippocampal slices. The pilocarpine (PILO) model of epilepsy is characterized by an acute period of


PILO [SEP] h-frequency stimulation in hippocampal slices. The pilocarpine (PILO) model of epilepsy is characterized by an acute period of statu


epilepsy [SEP] the hippocampal dentate gyrus during experimental temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). This expression may represent an endogenous damping mech

Epilepsy [SEP] A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuron


status epilepticus [SEP] (PILO) model of epilepsy is characterized by an acute period of status epilepticus followed by spontaneous recurrent seizures and related brain da

Status Epilepticus [SEP] A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30


seizures [SEP]  period of status epilepticus followed by spontaneous recurrent seizures and related brain damage. We report peroxidase-antiperoxidase i


brain damage [SEP] lepticus followed by spontaneous recurrent seizures and related brain damage. We report peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunostaining for NPY in

Brain Injuries [SEP] Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and


steroid [SEP] d as controls. During the follow-up, 3 patients (12%) developed steroid-induced elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) that resolved after

Steroids [SEP] A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precurso


elevated intraocular pressure [SEP] uring the follow-up, 3 patients (12%) developed steroid-induced elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) that resolved after corticosteroid therapy was discontinu

Ocular Hypertension [SEP] A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma.


corticosteroid [SEP] induced elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) that resolved after corticosteroid therapy was discontinued. RESULTS: No statistically significant

Adrenal Cortex Hormones [SEP]


IOP rise [SEP]  to affect the posterior segment. The transient steroid-induced IOP rise did not seem to cause functional impairment.


daunorubicin [SEP] Liposomal daunorubicin in advanced Kaposi's sarcoma: a phase II study.

Daunorubicin [SEP] A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of L


Kaposi's sarcoma [SEP] Liposomal daunorubicin in advanced Kaposi's sarcoma: a phase II study.

Sarcoma, Kaposi [SEP] A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, us


daunorubicin [SEP] I clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of liposomal daunorubicin (DaunoXome) in the treatment of AIDS related Kaposi's sarcoma.


AIDS [SEP] afety of liposomal daunorubicin (DaunoXome) in the treatment of AIDS related Kaposi's sarcoma. Eleven homosexual men with advanced K

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome [SEP] An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-ly


Kaposi's sarcoma [SEP] somal daunorubicin (DaunoXome) in the treatment of AIDS related Kaposi's sarcoma. Eleven homosexual men with advanced Kaposi's sarcoma were ente


oedema [SEP] re entered in the trial. Changes in size, colour and associated oedema of selected 'target' lesions were measured. Clinical, biochemic

Edema [SEP] Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.


toxicities [SEP] lesions were measured. Clinical, biochemical and haematological toxicities were assessed. Ten subjects were evaluated. A partial response

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


toxicity [SEP] he drug was generally well tolerated, with few mild symptoms of toxicity. The main problem encountered was haematological toxicity, with


neutropenia [SEP] aematological toxicity, with three subjects experiencing severe neutropenia (neutrophil count < 0.5 x 10(9)/l). There was no evidence of ca

Neutropenia [SEP] A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.


cardiotoxicity [SEP] ia (neutrophil count < 0.5 x 10(9)/l). There was no evidence of cardiotoxicity. In this small patient sample, liposomal daunorubicin was an ef

Cardiotoxicity [SEP] Damage to the heart or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY;


heparin [SEP] Failure of ancrod in the treatment of heparin-induced arterial thrombosis.

Heparin [SEP] A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges


thrombosis [SEP] Failure of ancrod in the treatment of heparin-induced arterial thrombosis.

Thrombosis [SEP] Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.


heparin [SEP] The morbidity and mortality associated with heparin-induced thrombosis remain high despite numerous empirical thera


thrombosis [SEP] The morbidity and mortality associated with heparin-induced thrombosis remain high despite numerous empirical therapies. Ancrod has be


platelet aggregation [SEP] inst development of thrombosis in patients with heparin induced platelet aggregation who require brief reexposure to heparin, but its success in pat

Blood Platelet Disorders [SEP] Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function.


Seizure [SEP] Seizure after flumazenil administration in a pediatric patient.


flumazenil [SEP] Seizure after flumazenil administration in a pediatric patient.

Flumazenil [SEP] A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been su


Flumazenil [SEP] Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist used to reverse sedatio


benzodiazepine [SEP] Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist used to reverse sedation and respiratory de

Benzodiazepines [SEP] A group of two-ring heterocyclic compounds consisting of a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring.


respiratory depression [SEP] benzodiazepine receptor antagonist used to reverse sedation and respiratory depression induced by benzodiazepines. Seizures and cardiac arrhythmias ha

Respiratory Insufficiency [SEP] Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)


benzodiazepines [SEP]  used to reverse sedation and respiratory depression induced by benzodiazepines. Seizures and cardiac arrhythmias have complicated its use in a


Seizures [SEP] sedation and respiratory depression induced by benzodiazepines. Seizures and cardiac arrhythmias have complicated its use in adult patie

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


cardiac arrhythmias [SEP] respiratory depression induced by benzodiazepines. Seizures and cardiac arrhythmias have complicated its use in adult patients. Overdose patients w

Arrhythmias, Cardiac [SEP] Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by


Overdose [SEP] cardiac arrhythmias have complicated its use in adult patients. Overdose patients who have coingested tricyclic antidepressants have a h

Drug Overdose [SEP] Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.


flumazenil [SEP] ations. Little information exists concerning adverse effects of flumazenil in children. We report the occurrence of a generalized tonic-cl


tonic-clonic seizure [SEP] umazenil in children. We report the occurrence of a generalized tonic-clonic seizure in a pediatric patient following the administration of flumazen


isoniazid [SEP] Remodelling of nerve structure in experimental isoniazid neuropathy in the rat.

Isoniazid [SEP] Antibacterial agent used primarily as a tuberculostatic. It remains the treatment of choice for tuberculosis.


neuropathy [SEP] Remodelling of nerve structure in experimental isoniazid neuropathy in the rat.

Nervous System Diseases [SEP] Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, periph


neuropathy [SEP] The neuropathy caused by a single dose of isoniazid in rats was studied with a


isoniazid [SEP] The neuropathy caused by a single dose of isoniazid in rats was studied with a computer-assisted morphometric metho


iopentol [SEP] Selective injection of iopentol, iohexol and metrizoate into the left coronary artery of the do

iopentol [SEP]


iohexol [SEP] Selective injection of iopentol, iohexol and metrizoate into the left coronary artery of the dog. Induct

Iohexol [SEP] An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriograph


metrizoate [SEP] Selective injection of iopentol, iohexol and metrizoate into the left coronary artery of the dog. Induction of ventricu

Metrizoate [SEP] A diagnostic radiopaque that usually occurs as the sodium salt.


ventricular fibrillation [SEP] trizoate into the left coronary artery of the dog. Induction of ventricular fibrillation and decrease of aortic pressure.

Ventricular Fibrillation [SEP] A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (40


iopentol [SEP] lective injections were made into the left coronary artery with iopentol, iohexol and metrizoate in doses of 4 ml, 8 ml and 16 ml. Thirt

iopentol [SEP]


iohexol [SEP] jections were made into the left coronary artery with iopentol, iohexol and metrizoate in doses of 4 ml, 8 ml and 16 ml. Thirty-six iop


metrizoate [SEP] e made into the left coronary artery with iopentol, iohexol and metrizoate in doses of 4 ml, 8 ml and 16 ml. Thirty-six iopentol injection


ventricular fibrillation [SEP] jections and 37 metrizoate injections were made. Frequencies of ventricular fibrillation were significantly lower (p less than 0.05) after iopentol (0%)


Iopentol [SEP] ter iopentol (0%) and iohexol (3%) than after metrizoate (22%). Iopentol and iohexol also produced significantly less decrease in aortic

iopentol [SEP]


venous thrombosis [SEP] Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral venous thrombosis secondary to "low-dose" birth control pills.

Venous Thrombosis [SEP] The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.


deep venous thrombosis [SEP] The clinical and radiographic features of cerebral deep venous thrombosis in a 21-year-old white woman are presented. This nulliparous pa


oral contraceptive [SEP] ental status changes. The only known risk factor was "low-dose" oral contraceptive pills. The magnetic resonance image (MRI) showed increased sign

Contraceptives, Oral [SEP] Compounds, usually hormonal, taken orally in order to block ovulation and prevent the occurrence of pregnancy. The hormones are


coronary stenosis [SEP] ed with myocardial contrast echocardiography to the severity of coronary stenosis: correlation with thallium-201 single-photon emission tomograph

Coronary Stenosis [SEP] Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.


thallium [SEP] iography to the severity of coronary stenosis: correlation with thallium-201 single-photon emission tomography.

Thallium [SEP] A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.


coronary occlusion [SEP] r delineating regions of myocardial underperfusion secondary to coronary occlusion and to critical coronary stenoses in the presence of hyperemic

Coronary Occlusion [SEP] Complete blockage of blood flow through one of the CORONARY ARTERIES, usually from CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS.


coronary stenoses [SEP]  underperfusion secondary to coronary occlusion and to critical coronary stenoses in the presence of hyperemic stimulation. The aim of this study


hyperemic [SEP]  occlusion and to critical coronary stenoses in the presence of hyperemic stimulation. The aim of this study was to determine whether myo

Hyperemia [SEP] The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. H


coronary stenosis [SEP]  of myocardial underperfusion resulting from various degrees of coronary stenosis. The perfusion defect produced in 16 open chest dogs was compar


thallium [SEP] sk measured by the postmortem dual-perfusion technique and with thallium-201 single-photon emission tomography (SPECT). During a transie


dipyridamole [SEP] the anatomic area at risk (r = 0.74; p less than 0.002). During dipyridamole-induced hyperemia, 12 of the 16 dogs with a partial coronary st

Dipyridamole [SEP] A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dip


hyperemia [SEP] risk (r = 0.74; p less than 0.002). During dipyridamole-induced hyperemia, 12 of the 16 dogs with a partial coronary stenosis had a visib


Thallium [SEP] nificantly with the anatomic area at risk (r = 0.61; p = 0.02). Thallium-201 SPECT demonstrated a perfusion defect in all 14 dogs analyz


furosemide [SEP] Potential deleterious effect of furosemide in radiocontrast nephropathy.

Furosemide [SEP] A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFF


nephropathy [SEP] Potential deleterious effect of furosemide in radiocontrast nephropathy.

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


furosemide [SEP] The purpose of the study was to determine the efficacy of furosemide in addition to intravenous fluids in the prevention of radiocon


nephropathy [SEP] dition to intravenous fluids in the prevention of radiocontrast nephropathy. 18 patients, referred to a radiocontrast study, considered at


renal insufficiency [SEP]  radiocontrast study, considered at risk because of preexisting renal insufficiency, were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, controlled trial,

Renal Insufficiency [SEP] Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain


Renal function significantly deteriorated [SEP]  and non-ionic contrast material, at an average dose of 245 ml. Renal function significantly deteriorated in the group pretreated with furosemide (p < 0.005 by ANOVA), w

Acute Kidney Injury [SEP] Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney


creatinine [SEP] ated with furosemide (p < 0.005 by ANOVA), with a rise in serum creatinine from 145 +/- 13 to 182 +/- 16 mumol/l at 24 h, while no change

Creatinine [SEP]


Renal failure [SEP] red in the control group (from 141 +/- 6 to 142 +/- 7 mumol/l). Renal failure was associated with weight loss in the furosemide-treated group


weight loss [SEP]  +/- 6 to 142 +/- 7 mumol/l). Renal failure was associated with weight loss in the furosemide-treated group. Furosemide may be deleterious

Weight Loss [SEP] Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.


Furosemide [SEP] as associated with weight loss in the furosemide-treated group. Furosemide may be deleterious in the prevention of radiocontrast nephropat


lithium [SEP] The renal pathology in a case of lithium-induced diabetes insipidus.

Lithium [SEP] An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of


diabetes insipidus [SEP] The renal pathology in a case of lithium-induced diabetes insipidus.

Diabetes Insipidus [SEP] A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. Etiolog


lithium [SEP] A case of lithium-induced diabetes insipidus is reported. At necropsy microscopy


diabetes insipidus [SEP] A case of lithium-induced diabetes insipidus is reported. At necropsy microscopy shoed unique and extensive


liver tumors [SEP] Etiologic factors in the pathogenesis of liver tumors associated with oral contraceptives.

Liver Neoplasms [SEP] Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.


oral contraceptives [SEP] gic factors in the pathogenesis of liver tumors associated with oral contraceptives.


liver tumors [SEP] Within the last several years, previously rare liver tumors have been seen in young women using oral contraceptive steroids


oral contraceptive [SEP] reviously rare liver tumors have been seen in young women using oral contraceptive steroids. The Registry for Liver Tumors Associated with Oral Co


steroids [SEP] r tumors have been seen in young women using oral contraceptive steroids. The Registry for Liver Tumors Associated with Oral Contracepti

Steroids [SEP] A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precurso


Liver Tumors [SEP] young women using oral contraceptive steroids. The Registry for Liver Tumors Associated with Oral Contraceptives at the University of Califo


Oral Contraceptives [SEP] ceptive steroids. The Registry for Liver Tumors Associated with Oral Contraceptives at the University of California, Irvine, has clearly identified


focal nodular hyperplasia [SEP] ommon to these 71 cases has been a histopathologic diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia, adenoma, hamartoma, and hepatoma. Significant statistical etio

Focal Nodular Hyperplasia [SEP] Solitary or multiple benign hepatic vascular tumors, usually occurring in women of 20-50 years of age. The nodule, poorly encaps


adenoma [SEP]  been a histopathologic diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia, adenoma, hamartoma, and hepatoma. Significant statistical etiologic fac

Adenoma [SEP] A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.


hamartoma [SEP] istopathologic diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia, adenoma, hamartoma, and hepatoma. Significant statistical etiologic factors includ

Hamartoma [SEP] A focal malformation resembling a neoplasm, composed of an overgrowth of mature cells and tissues that normally occur in the aff


hepatoma [SEP] diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia, adenoma, hamartoma, and hepatoma. Significant statistical etiologic factors include prolonged un

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular [SEP] A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indisti


rupture [SEP] ed usage of oral contraceptive steroids. Eight deaths and liver rupture in 18 patients attest to the seriousness of this new potentiall

Rupture [SEP] Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.


Graft-versus-host disease [SEP] Graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis with everolimus and tacrolimus is associated with a

Graft vs Host Disease [SEP] The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eve


everolimus [SEP] Graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis with everolimus and tacrolimus is associated with a high incidence of sinusoida

everolimus [SEP]


tacrolimus [SEP] Graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis with everolimus and tacrolimus is associated with a high incidence of sinusoidal obstruction s

Tacrolimus [SEP] A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity


sinusoidal obstruction syndrome [SEP] verolimus and tacrolimus is associated with a high incidence of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome and microangiopathy: results of the EVTAC trial.

Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease [SEP] Liver disease that is caused by injuries to the ENDOTHELIAL CELLS of the vessels and subendothelial EDEMA, but not by THROMBOSIS


microangiopathy [SEP] ed with a high incidence of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome and microangiopathy: results of the EVTAC trial.

Vascular Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ART


methotrexate [SEP] A calcineurin inhibitor combined with methotrexate is the standard prophylaxis for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD

Methotrexate [SEP] An antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of TETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE and pre


graft-versus-host disease [SEP] itor combined with methotrexate is the standard prophylaxis for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation


GVHD [SEP] xate is the standard prophylaxis for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT


Everolimus [SEP] fter allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Everolimus, a derivative of sirolimus, seems to mediate antileukemia effec

everolimus [SEP]


sirolimus [SEP] c stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Everolimus, a derivative of sirolimus, seems to mediate antileukemia effects. We report on a combinat

Sirolimus [SEP] A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation o


everolimus [SEP]  to mediate antileukemia effects. We report on a combination of everolimus and tacrolimus in 24 patients (median age, 62 years) with eithe

everolimus [SEP]


tacrolimus [SEP] ileukemia effects. We report on a combination of everolimus and tacrolimus in 24 patients (median age, 62 years) with either myelodysplast


myelodysplastic syndrome [SEP] nd tacrolimus in 24 patients (median age, 62 years) with either myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS; n = 17) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML; n = 7) undergoing

Myelodysplastic Syndromes [SEP] Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominant


MDS [SEP] ts (median age, 62 years) with either myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS; n = 17) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML; n = 7) undergoing inte


acute myeloid leukemia [SEP] 62 years) with either myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS; n = 17) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML; n = 7) undergoing intensive conditioning followed by HSCT

Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute [SEP] Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that


AML [SEP] elodysplastic syndrome (MDS; n = 17) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML; n = 7) undergoing intensive conditioning followed by HSCT from


mucositis [SEP] All patients engrafted, and only 1 patient experienced grade IV mucositis. Nine patients (37%) developed acute grade II-IV GVHD, and 11 o

Mucositis [SEP] An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vas


Transplantation-associated microangiopathy [SEP] f 17 evaluable patients (64%) developed chronic extensive GVHD. Transplantation-associated microangiopathy (TMA) occurred in 7 patients (29%), with 2 cases of acute renal


TMA [SEP] nic extensive GVHD. Transplantation-associated microangiopathy (TMA) occurred in 7 patients (29%), with 2 cases of acute renal fail


acute renal failure [SEP] oangiopathy (TMA) occurred in 7 patients (29%), with 2 cases of acute renal failure. The study was terminated prematurely because an additional 6 p

Acute Kidney Injury [SEP] Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney


sinusoidal obstruction syndrome [SEP] ed prematurely because an additional 6 patients (25%) developed sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), which was fatal in 2 cases. With a median follow-up of 2


SOS [SEP] nal 6 patients (25%) developed sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), which was fatal in 2 cases. With a median follow-up of 26 mon


loreclezole [SEP] Effect of some convulsants on the protective activity of loreclezole and its combinations with valproate or clonazepam in amygdala-k

loreclezole [SEP]


valproate [SEP] he protective activity of loreclezole and its combinations with valproate or clonazepam in amygdala-kindled rats.

Valproic Acid [SEP] A fatty acid with anticonvulsant properties used in the treatment of epilepsy. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not


clonazepam [SEP]  activity of loreclezole and its combinations with valproate or clonazepam in amygdala-kindled rats.

Clonazepam [SEP] An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absenc


Loreclezole [SEP] Loreclezole (5 mg/kg) exerted a significant protective action in amygdala-k

loreclezole [SEP]


seizure [SEP] icant protective action in amygdala-kindled rats, reducing both seizure and afterdischarge durations. The combinations of loreclezole (

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


loreclezole [SEP]  both seizure and afterdischarge durations. The combinations of loreclezole (2.5 mg/kg) with valproate, clonazepam, or carbamazepine (appli

loreclezole [SEP]


valproate [SEP] rge durations. The combinations of loreclezole (2.5 mg/kg) with valproate, clonazepam, or carbamazepine (applied at their subprotective d


clonazepam [SEP] ns. The combinations of loreclezole (2.5 mg/kg) with valproate, clonazepam, or carbamazepine (applied at their subprotective doses) also e


carbamazepine [SEP] tions of loreclezole (2.5 mg/kg) with valproate, clonazepam, or carbamazepine (applied at their subprotective doses) also exhibited antiseizu

Carbamazepine [SEP] An anticonvulsant used to control grand mal and psychomotor or focal seizures. Its mode of action is not fully understood, but s


bicuculline [SEP] o be of pharmacodynamic nature. Among several chemoconvulsants, bicuculline, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid and BAY k-8644 (the opener of L-type

Bicuculline [SEP] An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors


N-methyl-D-aspartic acid [SEP] acodynamic nature. Among several chemoconvulsants, bicuculline, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid and BAY k-8644 (the opener of L-type calcium channels) reversed

N-Methylaspartate [SEP] An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NM


BAY k-8644 [SEP] ral chemoconvulsants, bicuculline, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid and BAY k-8644 (the opener of L-type calcium channels) reversed the protective

3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester [SEP] A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates


calcium [SEP] , N-methyl-D-aspartic acid and BAY k-8644 (the opener of L-type calcium channels) reversed the protective activity of loreclezole alone

Calcium [SEP] A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic sym


aminophylline [SEP] its combination with valproate. On the other hand, bicuculline, aminophylline and BAY k-8644 inhibited the anticonvulsive action of loreclezo

Aminophylline [SEP] A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar


Acute liver failure [SEP] Acute liver failure with concurrent bupropion and carbimazole therapy.

Liver Failure, Acute [SEP] A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of H


bupropion [SEP] Acute liver failure with concurrent bupropion and carbimazole therapy.

Bupropion [SEP] A unicyclic, aminoketone antidepressant. The mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not well understood, but it does appear to


carbimazole [SEP] Acute liver failure with concurrent bupropion and carbimazole therapy.

Carbimazole [SEP] An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.


liver failure [SEP] OBJECTIVE: To report a case of fatal liver failure possibly associated with concurrent use of bupropion and carbim

Liver Failure [SEP] Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum leve


bupropion [SEP]  fatal liver failure possibly associated with concurrent use of bupropion and carbimazole. CASE SUMMARY: A 41-year-old Chinese man with a


carbimazole [SEP] ailure possibly associated with concurrent use of bupropion and carbimazole. CASE SUMMARY: A 41-year-old Chinese man with a history of hype


hyperthyroidism [SEP] zole. CASE SUMMARY: A 41-year-old Chinese man with a history of hyperthyroidism had been treated with carbimazole and propranolol for the past

Hyperthyroidism [SEP] Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.


propranolol [SEP] istory of hyperthyroidism had been treated with carbimazole and propranolol for the past 5 years. He received a 10-day course of bupropion

Propranolol [SEP] A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; A


acute liver failure [SEP]  smoking cessation 10 weeks prior to presentation. He developed acute liver failure with rapid deterioration of renal function. Liver biopsy showed


drug-induced acute liver injury [SEP]  of renal function. Liver biopsy showed evidence of nonspecific drug-induced acute liver injury. His condition was further complicated by sepsis and coagulopat

Drug-Induced Liver Injury [SEP] A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug


sepsis [SEP] ed acute liver injury. His condition was further complicated by sepsis and coagulopathy. Death resulted 19 days after the onset of sym

Sepsis [SEP] Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dys


coagulopathy [SEP] ver injury. His condition was further complicated by sepsis and coagulopathy. Death resulted 19 days after the onset of symptoms. The likeli

Blood Coagulation Disorders [SEP] Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of facto


hepatotoxicity [SEP] er the onset of symptoms. The likelihood that bupropion induced hepatotoxicity in our patient was possible, based on the Naranjo probability s


acute liver insult [SEP] . CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of acute liver insult induced by bupropion given concurrently with other hepatotoxic


hepatotoxic [SEP] er the onset of symptoms. The likelihood that bupropion induced hepatotoxicity in our patient was possible, based on the Naranjo probabilit


cardiovascular disease [SEP] oms and has also been used for the management and prevention of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and dementia in older women. This is an updated v

Cardiovascular Diseases [SEP] Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.


osteoporosis [SEP] ed for the management and prevention of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and dementia in older women. This is an updated version of the

Osteoporosis [SEP] Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two m


dementia [SEP] ment and prevention of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and dementia in older women. This is an updated version of the original Coch

Dementia [SEP] An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occup


cancer [SEP] e effect of long-term HT on mortality, cardiovascular outcomes, cancer, gallbladder disease, cognition, fractures and quality of life.

Neoplasms [SEP] New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and me


gallbladder disease [SEP]  of long-term HT on mortality, cardiovascular outcomes, cancer, gallbladder disease, cognition, fractures and quality of life. SEARCH STRATEGY: We

Gallbladder Diseases [SEP] Diseases of the GALLBLADDER. They generally involve the impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, ne


fractures [SEP] ardiovascular outcomes, cancer, gallbladder disease, cognition, fractures and quality of life. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the following

Fractures, Bone [SEP] Breaks in bones.


Menstrual Disorders [SEP] ing databases to November 2007: Trials Register of the Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled

Menstruation Disturbances [SEP] Variations of menstruation which may be indicative of disease.


oestrogens [SEP] one year by perimenopausal or postmenopausal women. HT included oestrogens, with or without progestogens, via oral, transdermal, subcutane

Estrogens [SEP] Compounds that interact with ESTROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of ESTRADIOL. Estr


progestogens [SEP] r postmenopausal women. HT included oestrogens, with or without progestogens, via oral, transdermal, subcutaneous or transnasal routes. DATA

Progesterone [SEP] The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTER


venous thrombo-embolism [SEP] men, combined continuous HT significantly increased the risk of venous thrombo-embolism or coronary event (after one year's use), stroke (after three y

Venous Thromboembolism [SEP] Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.


stroke [SEP] nous thrombo-embolism or coronary event (after one year's use), stroke (after three years), breast cancer and gallbladder disease. Lon

Stroke [SEP] A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA o


breast cancer [SEP] onary event (after one year's use), stroke (after three years), breast cancer and gallbladder disease. Long-term oestrogen-only HT significan

Breast Neoplasms [SEP] Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.


oestrogen [SEP] one year by perimenopausal or postmenopausal women. HT included oestrogens, with or without progestogens, via oral, transdermal, subcutan