Prostaglandin E2 [SEP] sponse to a hot plate during a 3-60 min period after injection. Prostaglandin E2 showed a hyperalgesic effect at doses of 1 pg to 10 ng/mouse, b

Dinoprostone [SEP] The most common and most biologically active of the mammalian prostaglandins. It exhibits most biological activities characteris


pg [SEP] on. Prostaglandin E2 showed a hyperalgesic effect at doses of 1 pg to 10 ng/mouse, but the effect lasted shorter (3-30 min) than t

Prostaglandins [SEP] A group of compounds derived from unsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid, via the cyclooxygenase pathway.


prostaglandin D2 [SEP] ng/mouse, but the effect lasted shorter (3-30 min) than that of prostaglandin D2. Similar results were obtained by acetic acid writhing tests. T

Prostaglandin D2 [SEP] The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesize


AH6809 [SEP] tance P antagonist (greater than or equal to 100 ng) but not by AH6809, a prostanoid EP1-receptor antagonist. Conversely, prostaglandi

6-isopropoxy-9-oxoxanthene-2-carboxylic acid [SEP]


prostaglandin E2 [SEP] ot by AH6809, a prostanoid EP1-receptor antagonist. Conversely, prostaglandin E2-induced hyperalgesia was blocked by AH6809 (greater than or equ


hyperalgesia [SEP] d EP1-receptor antagonist. Conversely, prostaglandin E2-induced hyperalgesia was blocked by AH6809 (greater than or equal to 500 ng) but not

Hyperalgesia [SEP] An increased sensation of pain or discomfort produced by mimimally noxious stimuli due to damage to soft tissue containing NOCIC


Prostaglandin F2 alpha [SEP] than or equal to 500 ng) but not by the substance P antagonist. Prostaglandin F2 alpha had little effect on pain responses. These results demonstrate

Dinoprost [SEP] A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile prop


atrial tachyarrhythmia [SEP] Swallowing-induced atrial tachyarrhythmia triggered by salbutamol: case report and review of the literatu

Tachycardia, Supraventricular [SEP] A generic expression for any tachycardia that originates above the BUNDLE OF HIS.


salbutamol [SEP] Swallowing-induced atrial tachyarrhythmia triggered by salbutamol: case report and review of the literature.

Albuterol [SEP] A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared


atrial tachyarrhythmia [SEP]  discomfort while swallowing. On electrocardiogram, episodes of atrial tachyarrhythmia were recorded immediately after swallowing; 24-hour Holter moni


arrhythmia [SEP] while swallowing. On electrocardiogram, episodes of atrial tachyarrhythmia were recorded immediately after swallowing; 24-hour Holter moni

Arrhythmias, Cardiac [SEP] Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by


atenolol [SEP] rded several events. The arrhythmia resolved after therapy with atenolol, but recurred a year later. The patient noticed that before the

Atenolol [SEP] A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative ino


salbutamol [SEP] ed that before these episodes he had been using an inhalator of salbutamol. After stopping the beta-agonist, and after a week with the ate


SIAT [SEP] ppeared. DISCUSSION: Swallowing-induced atrial tachyarrhythmia (SIAT) is a rare phenomenon. Fewer than 50 cases of SIAT have been de


Salbutamol [SEP] rgery, and radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). CONCLUSION: Salbutamol is presented here as a possible trigger for SIAT. Although it i


tachycardia [SEP] l to think that a beta-agonist like salbutamol (known to induce tachycardia) may be the trigger of adrenergic reflexes originating in the e

Tachycardia [SEP] Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturba


Coenzyme Q10 [SEP] Coenzyme Q10 treatment ameliorates acute cisplatin nephrotoxicity in mice.

coenzyme Q10 [SEP]


cisplatin [SEP] Coenzyme Q10 treatment ameliorates acute cisplatin nephrotoxicity in mice.

Cisplatin [SEP] An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and inter


nephrotoxicity [SEP] Coenzyme Q10 treatment ameliorates acute cisplatin nephrotoxicity in mice.

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


coenzyme Q10 [SEP] The nephroprotective effect of coenzyme Q10 was investigated in mice with acute renal injury induced by a s

coenzyme Q10 [SEP]


acute renal injury [SEP] protective effect of coenzyme Q10 was investigated in mice with acute renal injury induced by a single i.p. injection of cisplatin (5 mg/kg). Coen

Acute Kidney Injury [SEP] Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney


cisplatin [SEP] e with acute renal injury induced by a single i.p. injection of cisplatin (5 mg/kg). Coenzyme Q10 treatment (10 mg/kg/day, i.p.) was appl


Coenzyme Q10 [SEP] jury induced by a single i.p. injection of cisplatin (5 mg/kg). Coenzyme Q10 treatment (10 mg/kg/day, i.p.) was applied for 6 consecutive da

coenzyme Q10 [SEP]


blood urea nitrogen [SEP] re cisplatin administration. Coenzyme Q10 significantly reduced blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels which were increased by cisplatin.

Blood Urea Nitrogen [SEP] The urea concentration of the blood stated in terms of nitrogen content. Serum (plasma) urea nitrogen is approximately 12% highe


creatinine [SEP] oenzyme Q10 significantly reduced blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels which were increased by cisplatin. Coenzyme Q10 signific

Creatinine [SEP]


reduced glutathione [SEP] tly compensated deficits in the antioxidant defense mechanisms (reduced glutathione level and superoxide dismutase activity), suppressed lipid pero

Glutathione [SEP] A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some en


superoxide [SEP] e antioxidant defense mechanisms (reduced glutathione level and superoxide dismutase activity), suppressed lipid peroxidation, decreased t

Superoxides [SEP] Highly reactive compounds produced when oxygen is reduced by a single electron. In biological systems, they may be generated dur


tumor [SEP] ty), suppressed lipid peroxidation, decreased the elevations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nitric oxide and platinum ion concentrat

Neoplasms [SEP] New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and me


necrosis [SEP] uppressed lipid peroxidation, decreased the elevations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nitric oxide and platinum ion concentration, and

Necrosis [SEP] The pathological process occurring in cells that are dying from irreparable injuries. It is caused by the progressive, uncontrol


nitric oxide [SEP] ation, decreased the elevations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nitric oxide and platinum ion concentration, and attenuated the reductions o

Nitric Oxide [SEP] A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Ni


platinum [SEP] the elevations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nitric oxide and platinum ion concentration, and attenuated the reductions of selenium an

Platinum [SEP] Platinum. A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.09, symbol Pt. (From Dorland, 28th e


selenium [SEP] nd platinum ion concentration, and attenuated the reductions of selenium and zinc ions in renal tissue resulted from cisplatin administr

Selenium [SEP] An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.96. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals an


zinc [SEP] on concentration, and attenuated the reductions of selenium and zinc ions in renal tissue resulted from cisplatin administration. Al

Zinc [SEP] A metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essentia


renal tissue damage [SEP] resulted from cisplatin administration. Also, histopathological renal tissue damage mediated by cisplatin was ameliorated by coenzyme Q10 treatment


nephrotoxicity [SEP] potential therapeutic option to protect against acute cisplatin nephrotoxicity commonly encountered in clinical practice.


Metformin [SEP] Metformin prevents experimental gentamicin-induced nephropathy by a mitoc

Metformin [SEP] A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modifi


gentamicin [SEP] Metformin prevents experimental gentamicin-induced nephropathy by a mitochondria-dependent pathway.

Gentamicins [SEP] A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum


nephropathy [SEP] Metformin prevents experimental gentamicin-induced nephropathy by a mitochondria-dependent pathway.


metformin [SEP] The antidiabetic drug metformin can diminish apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in endotheli


vascular dysfunction [SEP] is induced by oxidative stress in endothelial cells and prevent vascular dysfunction even in nondiabetic patients. Here we tested whether it has a b

Vascular Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ART


gentamicin [SEP]  we tested whether it has a beneficial effect in a rat model of gentamicin toxicity. Mitochondrial analysis, respiration intensity, levels


toxicity [SEP] whether it has a beneficial effect in a rat model of gentamicin toxicity. Mitochondrial analysis, respiration intensity, levels of react

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


oxygen [SEP] tochondrial analysis, respiration intensity, levels of reactive oxygen species, permeability transition, and cytochrome c release were

Oxygen [SEP] An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on ear


Metformin [SEP] ase were assessed 3 and 6 days after gentamicin administration. Metformin treatment fully blocked gentamicin-mediated acute renal failure


acute renal failure [SEP] stration. Metformin treatment fully blocked gentamicin-mediated acute renal failure. This was accompanied by a lower activity of N-acetyl-beta-D-gl


kidney dysfunction [SEP]  days after gentamicin administration. These in vivo markers of kidney dysfunction and their correction by metformin were complemented by in vitro


nephrotoxicity [SEP] sts that pleiotropic effects of metformin can lessen gentamicin nephrotoxicity and improve mitochondrial homeostasis.


postoperative delirium [SEP] Sedation depth during spinal anesthesia and the development of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture repair.

Postoperative Complications [SEP] Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which th


delirium [SEP] h during spinal anesthesia and the development of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture repair.

Delirium [SEP] A disorder characterized by CONFUSION; inattentiveness; disorientation; ILLUSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; agitation; and in some instan


hip fracture [SEP] opment of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture repair.

Hip Fractures [SEP] Fractures of the FEMUR HEAD; the FEMUR NECK; (FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES); the trochanters; or the inter- or subtrochanteric region.


hip fracture [SEP] ting intraoperative sedation depth during spinal anesthesia for hip fracture repair in elderly patients can decrease the prevalence of posto


postoperative delirium [SEP] cture repair in elderly patients can decrease the prevalence of postoperative delirium. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a double-blind, randomized


delirium [SEP] n elderly patients can decrease the prevalence of postoperative delirium. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a double-blind, randomized


dementia [SEP] patients (>or=65 years) without preoperative delirium or severe dementia who underwent hip fracture repair under spinal anesthesia with

Dementia [SEP] An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occup


propofol [SEP]  who underwent hip fracture repair under spinal anesthesia with propofol sedation. Sedation depth was titrated using processed electroen

Propofol [SEP] An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very shor


Postoperative delirium [SEP] r deep (BIS, approximately 50) or light (BIS, >or=80) sedation. Postoperative delirium was assessed as defined by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of


Mental Disorders [SEP] was assessed as defined by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Third Edition Revised) criteria using the Confusion Assessment

Mental Disorders [SEP] Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of tho


Sorafenib [SEP] Sorafenib-induced acute myocardial infarction due to coronary artery spas

sorafenib [SEP]


myocardial infarction [SEP] Sorafenib-induced acute myocardial infarction due to coronary artery spasm.

Myocardial Infarction [SEP] NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).


coronary artery spasm [SEP] Sorafenib-induced acute myocardial infarction due to coronary artery spasm.

Coronary Vasospasm [SEP] Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries.


renal cell carcinoma [SEP] A 65-year-old man with advanced renal cell carcinoma was admitted due to continuing chest pain at rest. Two weeks be

Carcinoma, Renal Cell [SEP] A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes includin


chest pain [SEP] th advanced renal cell carcinoma was admitted due to continuing chest pain at rest. Two weeks before his admission, sorafenib had been sta

Chest Pain [SEP] Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.


sorafenib [SEP]  continuing chest pain at rest. Two weeks before his admission, sorafenib had been started. He was diagnosed with non-ST-elevation myocar

sorafenib [SEP]


myocardial infarction [SEP] afenib had been started. He was diagnosed with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction by laboratory data and electrocardiogram. Enhanced heart magnet


subendocardial infarction [SEP] rdiogram. Enhanced heart magnetic resonance imaging also showed subendocardial infarction. However, there was no stenosis in coronary arteries on angiogr


Coronary artery spasm [SEP] ver, there was no stenosis in coronary arteries on angiography. Coronary artery spasm was induced by a provocative test. Cessation of sorafenib and a


Ca [SEP]  provocative test. Cessation of sorafenib and administration of Ca-channel blocker and nitrates ameliorated his symptoms, but rela

Calcium [SEP] A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic sym


nitrates [SEP] ation of sorafenib and administration of Ca-channel blocker and nitrates ameliorated his symptoms, but relapse occurred after resumption

Nitrates [SEP] Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.


nicorandil [SEP] elapse occurred after resumption of sorafenib. Addition of oral nicorandil reduced his symptoms and maintained stable angina status. We re

Nicorandil [SEP] A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that cau


stable angina [SEP] Addition of oral nicorandil reduced his symptoms and maintained stable angina status. We report the first case of sorafenib-induced coronary

Angina, Stable [SEP] Persistent and reproducible chest discomfort usually precipitated by a physical exertion that dissipates upon cessation of such


coronary artery spasm [SEP] le angina status. We report the first case of sorafenib-induced coronary artery spasm. Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor that targets signaling pa


Sorafenib [SEP] port the first case of sorafenib-induced coronary artery spasm. Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor that targets signaling pathways nece

sorafenib [SEP]


ciprofloxacin [SEP] Anxiogenic potential of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin in rats.

Ciprofloxacin [SEP] A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.


norfloxacin [SEP] Anxiogenic potential of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin in rats.

Norfloxacin [SEP] A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-po


fluoroquinolones [SEP] INTRODUCTION: The possible anxiogenic effects of fluoroquinolones, namely ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, were investigated in adu

Fluoroquinolones [SEP] A group of QUINOLONES with at least one fluorine atom and a piperazinyl group.


ciprofloxacin [SEP] ON: The possible anxiogenic effects of fluoroquinolones, namely ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, were investigated in adult Charles Foster albi


norfloxacin [SEP] nxiogenic effects of fluoroquinolones, namely ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, were investigated in adult Charles Foster albino rats of eithe


anxious behaviour [SEP] ndicate that ciprofloxacin- and norfloxacin-treated rats showed anxious behaviour in comparison to control rats in all the parameters studied. Ho

Anxiety Disorders [SEP] Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.


AZT [SEP] Myocardial Fas ligand expression increases susceptibility to AZT-induced cardiomyopathy.

Zidovudine [SEP] A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modific


cardiomyopathy [SEP] l Fas ligand expression increases susceptibility to AZT-induced cardiomyopathy.

Cardiomyopathies [SEP] A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classifi


Dilated cardiomyopathy [SEP] BACKGROUND: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and myocarditis occur in many HIV-infected individuals, r

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated [SEP] A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk


DCM [SEP] BACKGROUND: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and myocarditis occur in many HIV-infected individuals, result


myocarditis [SEP] BACKGROUND: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and myocarditis occur in many HIV-infected individuals, resulting in symptomati

Myocarditis [SEP] Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCY


HIV-infected [SEP] UND: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and myocarditis occur in many HIV-infected individuals, resulting in symptomatic heart failure in up to 5%

HIV Infections [SEP] Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related


heart failure [SEP] ccur in many HIV-infected individuals, resulting in symptomatic heart failure in up to 5% of patients. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (

Heart Failure [SEP] A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Hear


acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [SEP] py (HAART) has significantly reduced morbidity and mortality of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), but has resulted in an increase in cardiac and skeletal

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome [SEP] An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-ly


AIDS [SEP]  morbidity and mortality of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), but has resulted in an increase in cardiac and skeletal myopa


cardiac and skeletal myopathies [SEP] odeficiency syndrome (AIDS), but has resulted in an increase in cardiac and skeletal myopathies. METHODS AND RESULTS: In order to investigate whether the HAART

Dilated cardiomyopathy, neutropenia, skeletal myopathy, and abnormal mitochondria [SEP]


zidovudine [SEP] ND RESULTS: In order to investigate whether the HAART component zidovudine (3'-azido-2',3'-deoxythymidine; AZT) triggers the Fas-dependent


3'-azido-2',3'-deoxythymidine [SEP] In order to investigate whether the HAART component zidovudine (3'-azido-2',3'-deoxythymidine; AZT) triggers the Fas-dependent cell-death pathway and cause c


AZT [SEP]  the HAART component zidovudine (3'-azido-2',3'-deoxythymidine; AZT) triggers the Fas-dependent cell-death pathway and cause cytosk


cardiac dilation [SEP] re or function. In contrast, AZT-treated FasL Tg mice developed cardiac dilation and depressed cardiac function in a dose-dependent manner, with


cardiomyopathy [SEP] BACKGROUND: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and myocarditis occur in many HIV-infected individuals, r


Valproate [SEP] Valproate-induced chorea and encephalopathy in atypical nonketotic hyperg

Valproic Acid [SEP] A fatty acid with anticonvulsant properties used in the treatment of epilepsy. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not


chorea [SEP] Valproate-induced chorea and encephalopathy in atypical nonketotic hyperglycinemia.

Chorea [SEP] Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movem


encephalopathy [SEP] Valproate-induced chorea and encephalopathy in atypical nonketotic hyperglycinemia.

Brain Diseases [SEP] Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This


nonketotic hyperglycinemia [SEP] Valproate-induced chorea and encephalopathy in atypical nonketotic hyperglycinemia.

Hyperglycinemia, Nonketotic [SEP] An autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by deficiencies in the mitochondrial GLYCINE cleavage system.


Nonketotic hyperglycinemia [SEP] Nonketotic hyperglycinemia is a disorder of amino acid metabolism in which a defect in the


disorder of amino acid metabolism [SEP] Nonketotic hyperglycinemia is a disorder of amino acid metabolism in which a defect in the glycine cleavage system leads to an ac

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors [SEP] Disorders affecting amino acid metabolism. The majority of these disorders are inherited and present in the neonatal period with


glycine [SEP] Nonketotic hyperglycinemia is a disorder of amino acid metabolism in which a defect in

Glycine [SEP] A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also


apnea [SEP] ody compartments. In the classical form it presents as neonatal apnea, intractable seizures, and hypotonia, followed by significant p

Apnea [SEP] A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.


seizures [SEP] n the classical form it presents as neonatal apnea, intractable seizures, and hypotonia, followed by significant psychomotor retardation

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


hypotonia [SEP] l form it presents as neonatal apnea, intractable seizures, and hypotonia, followed by significant psychomotor retardation. An important

Muscle Hypotonia [SEP] A diminution of the skeletal muscle tone marked by a diminished resistance to passive stretching.


psychomotor retardation [SEP] a, intractable seizures, and hypotonia, followed by significant psychomotor retardation. An important subset of children with nonketotic hyperglycinemi

Psychomotor Disorders [SEP] Abnormalities of motor function that are associated with organic and non-organic cognitive disorders.


nonketotic hyperglycinemia [SEP] t psychomotor retardation. An important subset of children with nonketotic hyperglycinemia are atypical variants who present in a heterogeneous manner. Th


language delay [SEP] heterogeneous manner. This report describes a patient with mild language delay and mental retardation, who was found to have nonketotic hyperg

Language Development Disorders [SEP] Conditions characterized by language abilities (comprehension and expression of speech and writing) that are below the expected


mental retardation [SEP] r. This report describes a patient with mild language delay and mental retardation, who was found to have nonketotic hyperglycinemia following her

Intellectual Disability [SEP] Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, inc


encephalopathy [SEP] onketotic hyperglycinemia following her presentation with acute encephalopathy and chorea shortly after initiation of valproate therapy.


chorea [SEP] inemia following her presentation with acute encephalopathy and chorea shortly after initiation of valproate therapy.


valproate [SEP] ith acute encephalopathy and chorea shortly after initiation of valproate therapy.


ritanserin [SEP] Microinjection of ritanserin into the CA1 region of hippocampus improves scopolamine-induced

Ritanserin [SEP] A selective and potent serotonin-2 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of a variety of syndromes related to anxiety an


scopolamine [SEP] ction of ritanserin into the CA1 region of hippocampus improves scopolamine-induced amnesia in adult male rats.

Scopolamine Hydrobromide [SEP] An alkaloid from SOLANACEAE, especially DATURA and SCOPOLIA. Scopolamine and its quaternary derivatives act as antimuscarinics l


amnesia [SEP] into the CA1 region of hippocampus improves scopolamine-induced amnesia in adult male rats.

Amnesia [SEP] Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMN


ritanserin [SEP] The effect of ritanserin (5-HT2 antagonist) on scopolamine (muscarinic cholinergic antag


scopolamine [SEP] The effect of ritanserin (5-HT2 antagonist) on scopolamine (muscarinic cholinergic antagonist)-induced amnesia in Morris w


amnesia [SEP] ist) on scopolamine (muscarinic cholinergic antagonist)-induced amnesia in Morris water maze (MWM) was investigated. Rats were divided


DMSO [SEP] pus. One week later, they received repeatedly vehicles (saline, DMSO, saline+DMSO), scopolamine (2 microg/0.5 microl saline/side; 30

Dimethyl Sulfoxide [SEP] A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membran


Ritanserin [SEP] tform in scopolamine-treated group as compared to saline group. Ritanserin-treated rats (4 microg/0.5 microl/side) showed a significant de


Hypoxia [SEP] Hypoxia in renal disease with proteinuria and/or glomerular hypertensio

Anoxia [SEP] Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.


renal disease [SEP] Hypoxia in renal disease with proteinuria and/or glomerular hypertension.

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


proteinuria [SEP] Hypoxia in renal disease with proteinuria and/or glomerular hypertension.

Proteinuria [SEP] The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.


hypertension [SEP] Hypoxia in renal disease with proteinuria and/or glomerular hypertension.

Hypertension [SEP] Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is c


hypoxia [SEP]  methods have been available. In this study, we developed a new hypoxia-responsive reporter vector using a hypoxia-responsive element o


diseased kidney [SEP] mal model to the detection of tubulointerstitial hypoxia in the diseased kidney. With this model, we were able to identify diffuse cortical hyp


puromycin aminonucleoside [SEP] model, we were able to identify diffuse cortical hypoxia in the puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephrotic syndrome and focal and segmental hypoxia in t

Puromycin Aminonucleoside [SEP] PUROMYCIN derivative that lacks the methoxyphenylalanyl group on the amine of the sugar ring. It is an antibiotic with antineopl


nephrotic syndrome [SEP] ffuse cortical hypoxia in the puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephrotic syndrome and focal and segmental hypoxia in the remnant kidney model. Ex

Nephrotic Syndrome [SEP] A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in


hypoxic [SEP] itive, and terminal dUTP nick-end labeled-positive cells in the hypoxic cortical area in the remnant kidney model. We propose here a po


glomerular diseases [SEP]  tie between chronic tubulointerstitial hypoxia and progressive glomerular diseases.


cardiotoxicity [SEP] Consensus statement concerning cardiotoxicity occurring during haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in th

Cardiotoxicity [SEP] Damage to the heart or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY;


autoimmune diseases [SEP] ng haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, with special reference to systemic sclerosis and multiple scle

Autoimmune Diseases [SEP] Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are


systemic sclerosis [SEP] the treatment of autoimmune diseases, with special reference to systemic sclerosis and multiple sclerosis.

Scleroderma, Systemic [SEP] A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GA


multiple sclerosis [SEP] mune diseases, with special reference to systemic sclerosis and multiple sclerosis.

Multiple Sclerosis [SEP] An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. P


autoimmune diseases [SEP] sible and effective treatment for selected patients with severe autoimmune diseases. Worldwide, over 650 patients have been transplanted in the con


infections [SEP] ated to either the stage of the disease at transplant or due to infections. The number of deaths related to cardiac toxicity is low. Howev

Infection [SEP] Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.


cardiac toxicity [SEP] ransplant or due to infections. The number of deaths related to cardiac toxicity is low. However, caution is required when cyclophosphamide or a


cyclophosphamide [SEP] d to cardiac toxicity is low. However, caution is required when cyclophosphamide or anthracyclines such as mitoxantrone are used in patients wit

Cyclophosphamide [SEP] Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the LIVER to fo


anthracyclines [SEP] y is low. However, caution is required when cyclophosphamide or anthracyclines such as mitoxantrone are used in patients with a possible under

Anthracyclines [SEP] Organic compounds that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daun


mitoxantrone [SEP] ion is required when cyclophosphamide or anthracyclines such as mitoxantrone are used in patients with a possible underlying heart damage, f

Mitoxantrone [SEP] An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.


heart damage [SEP] as mitoxantrone are used in patients with a possible underlying heart damage, for example, systemic sclerosis patients. In November 2002, a

Heart Diseases [SEP] Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.


systemic sclerosis [SEP]  patients with a possible underlying heart damage, for example, systemic sclerosis patients. In November 2002, a meeting was held in Florence, bri


autoimmune disease [SEP] sible and effective treatment for selected patients with severe autoimmune diseases. Worldwide, over 650 patients have been transplanted in the co


nitric oxide [SEP] Immunohistochemical study on inducible type of nitric oxide (iNOS), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and tumor growth

Nitric Oxide [SEP] A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Ni


tumor [SEP]  nitric oxide (iNOS), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and tumor growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) in arteritis induced in rats by

Neoplasms [SEP] New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and me


arteritis [SEP] owth factor (bFGF) and tumor growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) in arteritis induced in rats by fenoldopam and theophylline, vasodilators.

Arteritis [SEP] INFLAMMATION of any ARTERIES.


fenoldopam [SEP] growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) in arteritis induced in rats by fenoldopam and theophylline, vasodilators.

Fenoldopam [SEP] A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilati


theophylline [SEP] eta1 (TGF-beta1) in arteritis induced in rats by fenoldopam and theophylline, vasodilators.

Theophylline [SEP] A methyl xanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous sys


Arteritis [SEP] Arteritis induced in rats by vasodilators, fenoldopam and theophylline, w


fenoldopam [SEP] Arteritis induced in rats by vasodilators, fenoldopam and theophylline, was examined immunohistochemically for expres


theophylline [SEP] Arteritis induced in rats by vasodilators, fenoldopam and theophylline, was examined immunohistochemically for expressions of inducibl


nitric oxide [SEP] ined immunohistochemically for expressions of inducible type of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and tumo


tumor [SEP] xide synthase (iNOS), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and tumor growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1). Rats were administered fenoldo


arteritis [SEP] F may have a suppressive effect on iNOS expression in these rat arteritis models. On the other hand, TGF-beta1 was not considered to have


Low-molecular-weight heparin [SEP] Low-molecular-weight heparin for the treatment of patients with mechanical heart valves.

Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight [SEP] Heparin fractions with a molecular weight usually between 4000 and 6000 kD. These low-molecular-weight fractions are effective a


Unfractionated heparin [SEP]  noncardiac surgery, non-surgical interventions, and pregnancy. Unfractionated heparin (UH) is currently the substitute for selected patients. Low-mol

Heparin [SEP] A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges


UH [SEP] -surgical interventions, and pregnancy. Unfractionated heparin (UH) is currently the substitute for selected patients. Low-molecul


Low-molecular-weight heparin [SEP] heparin (UH) is currently the substitute for selected patients. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) offers theoretical advantages over UH, but is not curren


LMWH [SEP] substitute for selected patients. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) offers theoretical advantages over UH, but is not currently co


thromboembolic [SEP] randomized, and only one was prospective. Data to establish the thromboembolic risk were incomplete. After excluding case reports, the followi

Thromboembolism [SEP] Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.


thromboembolism [SEP] 6); (d) long-term, in pregnancy (n = 10). The incidence rate of thromboembolism was 0.9% for all the studies and 0.5, 0, 20, and 0% in groups a


hemorrhage [SEP]  0.5, 0, 20, and 0% in groups a, b, c, and d, respectively; for hemorrhage, the overall rate was 3.4% (3.8, 2.6, 10, and 0% for the respec

Hemorrhage [SEP] Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.


Topiramate [SEP] Topiramate-induced nephrolithiasis.

topiramate [SEP]


nephrolithiasis [SEP] Topiramate-induced nephrolithiasis.

Nephrolithiasis [SEP] Formation of stones in the KIDNEY.


Topiramate [SEP] Topiramate is a recently developed antiepileptic medication that is becomi

topiramate [SEP]


refractory seizures [SEP] ming more widely prescribed because of its efficacy in treating refractory seizures. Urologists should be aware that this medication can cause meta

Epilepsy [SEP] A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuron


metabolic acidosis [SEP] ures. Urologists should be aware that this medication can cause metabolic acidosis in patients secondary to inhibition of carbonic anhydrase. In a

Acidosis [SEP] A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and me


calcium phosphate [SEP]  drop in urine pH. These factors can lead to the development of calcium phosphate nephrolithiasis. We report the first two cases of topiramate-in

calcium phosphate [SEP]


nephrolithiasis [SEP]  These factors can lead to the development of calcium phosphate nephrolithiasis. We report the first two cases of topiramate-induced nephrolith


topiramate [SEP] ium phosphate nephrolithiasis. We report the first two cases of topiramate-induced nephrolithiasis in the urologic literature.

topiramate [SEP]


Spironolactone [SEP] Spironolactone: is it a novel drug for the prevention of amphotericin B-relate

Spironolactone [SEP] A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatm


amphotericin B [SEP] Spironolactone: is it a novel drug for the prevention of amphotericin B-related hypokalemia in cancer patients?

Amphotericin B [SEP] Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.


hypokalemia [SEP] is it a novel drug for the prevention of amphotericin B-related hypokalemia in cancer patients?

Hypokalemia [SEP] Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointest


cancer [SEP] rug for the prevention of amphotericin B-related hypokalemia in cancer patients?


Nephrotoxicity [SEP] OBJECTIVE: Nephrotoxicity is the major adverse effect of amphotericin B (AmB), often limi

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


amphotericin B [SEP] OBJECTIVE: Nephrotoxicity is the major adverse effect of amphotericin B (AmB), often limiting administration of full dosage. Selective


AmB [SEP] : Nephrotoxicity is the major adverse effect of amphotericin B (AmB), often limiting administration of full dosage. Selective dista


toxicity [SEP] OBJECTIVE: Nephrotoxicity is the major adverse effect of amphotericin B (AmB), often limi

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


potassium [SEP] ar epithelial toxicity seems to be responsible for the profound potassium wasting that is a major clinical side effect of treatment with

Potassium [SEP] An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cat


Potassium [SEP] ing that is a major clinical side effect of treatment with AmB. Potassium depletion also potentiates the tubular toxicity of AmB. This st


spironolactone [SEP] xicity of AmB. This study was designed to assess the ability of spironolactone to reduce potassium requirements and to prevent hypokalemia in


hypokalemia [SEP]  spironolactone to reduce potassium requirements and to prevent hypokalemia in neutropenic patients on AmB treatment. METHODS: In this stud


neutropenic [SEP]  to reduce potassium requirements and to prevent hypokalemia in neutropenic patients on AmB treatment. METHODS: In this study 26 patients w

Neutropenia [SEP] A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.


hematological disorders [SEP]  AmB treatment. METHODS: In this study 26 patients with various hematological disorders were randomized to receive either intravenous AmB alone or AmB

Hematologic Diseases [SEP] Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.


fungal infection [SEP] actone 100 mg twice daily when developing a proven or suspected fungal infection. RESULTS: Patients receiving concomitant AmB and spironolactone

Mycoses [SEP]


Dopamine [SEP] Dopamine D2 receptor signaling controls neuronal cell death induced by m

Dopamine [SEP] One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and


Dopamine [SEP] Dopamine (DA), through D1/D2 receptor-mediated signaling, plays a major


DA [SEP] Dopamine (DA), through D1/D2 receptor-mediated signaling, plays a major role


epileptic seizures [SEP] ceptor-mediated signaling, plays a major role in the control of epileptic seizures arising in the limbic system. Excitotoxicity leading to neurona


seizures [SEP] iated signaling, plays a major role in the control of epileptic seizures arising in the limbic system. Excitotoxicity leading to neurona

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


epilepsy [SEP] le is known about the role of DA receptors in the occurrence of epilepsy-induced neuronal cell death. Here we analyze the occurrence of


neurotoxicity [SEP] onal cell death. Here we analyze the occurrence of seizures and neurotoxicity in D2R -/- mice treated with the cholinergic agonist pilocarpin

Neurotoxicity Syndromes [SEP] Neurologic disorders caused by exposure to toxic substances through ingestion, injection, cutaneous application, or other method


pilocarpine [SEP] rotoxicity in D2R -/- mice treated with the cholinergic agonist pilocarpine. We compared these results with those previously obtained with

Pilocarpine [SEP] A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glauco


kainic acid [SEP] . We compared these results with those previously obtained with kainic acid (KA), a potent glutamate agonist. Importantly, D2R -/- mice dev

Kainic Acid [SEP] (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digen


KA [SEP]  these results with those previously obtained with kainic acid (KA), a potent glutamate agonist. Importantly, D2R -/- mice develop


glutamate [SEP]  with those previously obtained with kainic acid (KA), a potent glutamate agonist. Importantly, D2R -/- mice develop seizures at doses of

Glutamic Acid [SEP] A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in th


acetylcholine [SEP] lowers the threshold for seizures induced by both glutamate and acetylcholine. Moreover, the dopaminergic control of epilepsy-induced neurode

Acetylcholine [SEP] A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathe


neurodegeneration [SEP] choline. Moreover, the dopaminergic control of epilepsy-induced neurodegeneration seems to be mediated by distinct interactions of D2R signaling

Neurodegenerative Diseases [SEP] Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often


risperidone [SEP] Treatment of risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia with a dopamine agonist in children.

Risperidone [SEP] A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has


hyperprolactinemia [SEP] Treatment of risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia with a dopamine agonist in children.

Hyperprolactinemia [SEP] Increased levels of PROLACTIN in the BLOOD, which may be associated with AMENORRHEA and GALACTORRHEA. Relatively common etiologi


dopamine [SEP] Treatment of risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia with a dopamine agonist in children.


Risperidone [SEP] BACKGROUND: Risperidone, a potent antagonist of both serotonergic (5HT2A) and dopaminer


hyperprolactinemia [SEP] nergic (5HT2A) and dopaminergic D2 receptors is associated with hyperprolactinemia in adults and children. Chronically elevated prolactin levels i


prolactinomas [SEP] hildren. Chronically elevated prolactin levels in children with prolactinomas may be associated with arrested growth and development resultin

Prolactinoma [SEP] A pituitary adenoma which secretes PROLACTIN, leading to HYPERPROLACTINEMIA. Clinical manifestations include AMENORRHEA; GALACTO


delayed puberty [SEP] ciated with arrested growth and development resulting in either delayed puberty or short stature. These possibilities stress the importance of

Puberty, Delayed [SEP] The lack of development of SEXUAL MATURATION in boys and girls at a chronological age that is 2.5 standard deviations above the


risperidone [SEP] erprolactinemia in youth. We report the successful treatment of risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia with cabergoline in youth. METHODS:


cabergoline [SEP] essful treatment of risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia with cabergoline in youth. METHODS: We undertook a retrospective case review of

cabergoline [SEP]


Mental Disorders [SEP] ales (age 6-11 years) with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fourth edition) bipolar disorder or psychoses, with risperidon

Mental Disorders [SEP] Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of tho


bipolar disorder [SEP] tic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fourth edition) bipolar disorder or psychoses, with risperidone-induced elevations in serum prol

Bipolar Disorder [SEP] A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and rec


psychoses [SEP] Manual of Mental Disorders (fourth edition) bipolar disorder or psychoses, with risperidone-induced elevations in serum prolactin levels

Psychoses, Substance-Induced [SEP] Psychotic organic mental disorders resulting from the toxic effect of drugs and chemicals or other harmful substance.


Cabergoline [SEP]  duration of therapy with risperidone was 788.5 +/- 162.5 days. Cabergoline was well tolerated without adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: Caberg

cabergoline [SEP]


Cholestatic jaundice [SEP] Cholestatic jaundice associated with the use of metformin.

Jaundice, Obstructive [SEP] Jaundice, the condition with yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes, that is due to impaired BILE flow in the BILIA


metformin [SEP] Cholestatic jaundice associated with the use of metformin.

Metformin [SEP] A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modifi


cholestatic jaundice [SEP] We report a patient who developed cholestatic jaundice shortly after initiation of treatment with metformin hydrochlor


metformin hydrochloride [SEP] cholestatic jaundice shortly after initiation of treatment with metformin hydrochloride. Ultrasound of the liver and abdominal CT were normal. An ERCP


cholestasis [SEP] natomy. A percutaneous liver biopsy was obtained showing marked cholestasis, with portal edema, ductular proliferation, and acute inflammat

Cholestasis [SEP] Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EX


edema [SEP] ver biopsy was obtained showing marked cholestasis, with portal edema, ductular proliferation, and acute inflammation. Metformin hydr

Edema [SEP] Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.


inflammation [SEP] olestasis, with portal edema, ductular proliferation, and acute inflammation. Metformin hydrochloride was discontinued, and the patient's ja

Inflammation [SEP] A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions


Metformin hydrochloride [SEP] h portal edema, ductular proliferation, and acute inflammation. Metformin hydrochloride was discontinued, and the patient's jaundice resolved slowly ov


jaundice [SEP] We report a patient who developed cholestatic jaundice shortly after initiation of treatment with metformin hydrochlor

Jaundice [SEP] A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA


metformin [SEP] cholestatic jaundice shortly after initiation of treatment with metformin hydrochloride. Ultrasound of the liver and abdominal CT were no


hepatotoxicity [SEP] ve that this case represents an example of metformin-associated hepatotoxicity, the first such case reported.

Drug-Induced Liver Injury [SEP] A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug


vigabatrin [SEP] potentials, and multifocal electroretinography in patients with vigabatrin-attributed visual field constriction.

Vigabatrin [SEP] An analogue of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. It is an irreversible inhibitor of 4-AMINOBUTYRATE TRANSAMINASE, the enzyme responsible


visual field constriction [SEP] ocal electroretinography in patients with vigabatrin-attributed visual field constriction.

Vision Disorders [SEP] Visual impairments limiting one or more of the basic functions of the eye: visual acuity, dark adaptation, color vision, or peri


visual field constriction [SEP] PURPOSE: Symptomatic visual field constriction thought to be associated with vigabatrin has been reported. The


vigabatrin [SEP] tomatic visual field constriction thought to be associated with vigabatrin has been reported. The current study investigated the visual fi


visual field loss [SEP] rophysiology of eight patients with known vigabatrin-attributed visual field loss, three of whom were reported previously. Six of the patients we


rapamycin [SEP] Conversion to rapamycin immunosuppression in renal transplant recipients: report of an

Sirolimus [SEP] A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation o


RAPA [SEP] BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of RAPA conversion in patients undergoing cyclosporine (CsA) or tacroli


cyclosporine [SEP]  evaluate the effects of RAPA conversion in patients undergoing cyclosporine (CsA) or tacrolimus (Tac) toxicity. METHODS: Twenty renal trans

Cyclosporine [SEP] A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes.


CsA [SEP] effects of RAPA conversion in patients undergoing cyclosporine (CsA) or tacrolimus (Tac) toxicity. METHODS: Twenty renal transplant


tacrolimus [SEP] of RAPA conversion in patients undergoing cyclosporine (CsA) or tacrolimus (Tac) toxicity. METHODS: Twenty renal transplant recipients wer

Tacrolimus [SEP] A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity


Tac [SEP] ersion in patients undergoing cyclosporine (CsA) or tacrolimus (Tac) toxicity. METHODS: Twenty renal transplant recipients were swi


toxicity [SEP] n in patients undergoing cyclosporine (CsA) or tacrolimus (Tac) toxicity. METHODS: Twenty renal transplant recipients were switched to f

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


rapamycin [SEP]  Twenty renal transplant recipients were switched to fixed dose rapamycin (RAPA) (5 mg/day) 0 to 204 months posttransplant. Drug monitori


nephrotoxicity [SEP] djust doses. The indications for switch were chronic CsA or Tac nephrotoxicity (12), acute CsA or Tac toxicity (3), severe facial dysmorphism

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder [SEP] , acute CsA or Tac toxicity (3), severe facial dysmorphism (2), posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in remission (2), and hepatotoxicity in 1. Follow-up is

Lymphoproliferative Disorders [SEP] Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified.


PTLD [SEP] l dysmorphism (2), posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in remission (2), and hepatotoxicity in 1. Follow-up is 7 to 2


hepatotoxicity [SEP] plant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in remission (2), and hepatotoxicity in 1. Follow-up is 7 to 24 months. RESULTS: In the 12 patients


creatinine [SEP] hronic nephrotoxicity there was a significant decrease in serum creatinine [233+/-34 to 210+/-56 micromol/liter (P<0.05) at 6 months]. Fac

Creatinine [SEP]


pneumonia [SEP] ients. No relapse of PTLD was observed. Five patients developed pneumonia (two Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, one infectious mononucleos

Pneumonia [SEP] Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.


Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia [SEP] se of PTLD was observed. Five patients developed pneumonia (two Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, one infectious mononucleosis with polyclonal PTLD lung infiltr

Pneumonia, Pneumocystis [SEP] A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachyp


infectious mononucleosis [SEP] ts developed pneumonia (two Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, one infectious mononucleosis with polyclonal PTLD lung infiltrate) and two had bronchiolitis

Infectious Mononucleosis [SEP] A common, acute infection usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN). There is an increase in mononuclear w


bronchiolitis obliterans [SEP] mononucleosis with polyclonal PTLD lung infiltrate) and two had bronchiolitis obliterans. There were no deaths. RAPA was discontinued in four patients,

Bronchiolitis Obliterans [SEP] Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES leading to an obstructive lung disease. Bronchioles are characterized by fibrous granulation tis


aphtous ulcers [SEP] ur patients, because of pneumonia in two, PTLD in one, and oral aphtous ulcers in one. RAPA levels were high (>15 ng/ml) in 7 of 13 (54%) pati

Stomatitis, Aphthous [SEP] A recurrent disease of the oral mucosa of unknown etiology. It is characterized by small white ulcerative lesions, single or mul


levodopa [SEP] Worsening of levodopa-induced dyskinesias by motor and mental tasks.

Levodopa [SEP] The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can b


dyskinesias [SEP] Worsening of levodopa-induced dyskinesias by motor and mental tasks.

Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced [SEP] Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or


Parkinson's disease [SEP] Ten patients who had Parkinson's disease with disabling dyskinesia were included in this study to evalua

Parkinson Disease [SEP] A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency


dyskinesia [SEP] Ten patients who had Parkinson's disease with disabling dyskinesia were included in this study to evaluate the role of mental (men


apomorphine [SEP] kinesia following administration of an effective single dose of apomorphine. Compared with the score at rest (1.3+/-0.3), a significant agg

Apomorphine [SEP] A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poiso


Structural and functional impairment of mitochondria [SEP] Structural and functional impairment of mitochondria in adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy in mice: suppression of cy

Mitochondrial Diseases [SEP] Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondri


adriamycin [SEP] Structural and functional impairment of mitochondria in adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy in mice: suppression of cytochrome c oxi

Doxorubicin [SEP] Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN.


cardiomyopathy [SEP] and functional impairment of mitochondria in adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy in mice: suppression of cytochrome c oxidase II gene expression

Cardiomyopathies [SEP] A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classifi


adriamycin [SEP] The use of adriamycin (ADR) in cancer chemotherapy has been limited due to its cumula


ADR [SEP] The use of adriamycin (ADR) in cancer chemotherapy has been limited due to its cumulative


cancer [SEP] The use of adriamycin (ADR) in cancer chemotherapy has been limited due to its cumulative cardiovascu

Neoplasms [SEP] New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and me


cardiovascular toxicity [SEP] ) in cancer chemotherapy has been limited due to its cumulative cardiovascular toxicity. Earlier observations that ADR interacts with mitochondrial cyt

Cardiovascular Diseases [SEP] Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.


cardiovascular arrhythmias [SEP] Our results indicated that 1) treatment of mice with ADR caused cardiovascular arrhythmias characterized by bradycardia, extension of ventricular depolari

Arrhythmias, Cardiac [SEP] Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by


bradycardia [SEP] ice with ADR caused cardiovascular arrhythmias characterized by bradycardia, extension of ventricular depolarization time (tQRS), and failu

Bradycardia [SEP] Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. Th


swelling [SEP] dy weight cumulative dose); 2) the heart mitochondria underwent swelling, fusion, dissolution, and/or disruption of mitochondrial crista

Edema [SEP] Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.


mitochondrial structural and functional impairment [SEP] deteriorating effects of ADR on cardiovascular function involve mitochondrial structural and functional impairment.


bradycardia [SEP] Enhanced bradycardia induced by beta-adrenoceptor antagonists in rats pretreated wit


isoniazid [SEP] nduced by beta-adrenoceptor antagonists in rats pretreated with isoniazid.

Isoniazid [SEP] Antibacterial agent used primarily as a tuberculostatic. It remains the treatment of choice for tuberculosis.


isoniazid [SEP] High doses of isoniazid increase hypotension induced by vasodilators and change the acc


hypotension [SEP] High doses of isoniazid increase hypotension induced by vasodilators and change the accompanying reflex tach

Hypotension [SEP] Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DI


tachycardia [SEP] sion induced by vasodilators and change the accompanying reflex tachycardia to bradycardia, an interaction attributed to decreased synthesi

Tachycardia [SEP] Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturba


bradycardia [SEP]  vasodilators and change the accompanying reflex tachycardia to bradycardia, an interaction attributed to decreased synthesis of brain gamm


gamma-aminobutyric acid [SEP] rdia, an interaction attributed to decreased synthesis of brain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In the present study, the possible enhancement by isoni

gamma-Aminobutyric Acid [SEP] The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.


GABA [SEP] ibuted to decreased synthesis of brain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In the present study, the possible enhancement by isoniazid o


chloralose [SEP] enoceptor antagonists was determined in rats anaesthetised with chloralose-urethane. Isoniazid significantly increased bradycardia after p

Chloralose [SEP] A derivative of CHLORAL HYDRATE that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs. Its most co


urethane [SEP] ntagonists was determined in rats anaesthetised with chloralose-urethane. Isoniazid significantly increased bradycardia after propranolo

Urethane [SEP] Antineoplastic agent that is also used as a veterinary anesthetic. It has also been used as an intermediate in organic synthesis


Isoniazid [SEP]  was determined in rats anaesthetised with chloralose-urethane. Isoniazid significantly increased bradycardia after propranolol, pindolol


propranolol [SEP] e-urethane. Isoniazid significantly increased bradycardia after propranolol, pindolol, labetalol and atenolol, as well as after clonidine,

Propranolol [SEP] A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; A


pindolol [SEP] soniazid significantly increased bradycardia after propranolol, pindolol, labetalol and atenolol, as well as after clonidine, but not af

Pindolol [SEP] A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic


labetalol [SEP] ignificantly increased bradycardia after propranolol, pindolol, labetalol and atenolol, as well as after clonidine, but not after hexamet

Labetalol [SEP] A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.


atenolol [SEP] ncreased bradycardia after propranolol, pindolol, labetalol and atenolol, as well as after clonidine, but not after hexamethonium or car

Atenolol [SEP] A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative ino


clonidine [SEP] propranolol, pindolol, labetalol and atenolol, as well as after clonidine, but not after hexamethonium or carbachol. Enhancement was not

Clonidine [SEP] An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonl


hexamethonium [SEP] betalol and atenolol, as well as after clonidine, but not after hexamethonium or carbachol. Enhancement was not observed in rats pretreated w

Hexamethonium [SEP] A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gast


carbachol [SEP] lol, as well as after clonidine, but not after hexamethonium or carbachol. Enhancement was not observed in rats pretreated with methylatr

Carbachol [SEP] A slowly hydrolyzed cholinergic agonist that acts at both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.


methylatropine [SEP] carbachol. Enhancement was not observed in rats pretreated with methylatropine or previously vagotomised. These results are compatible with in

methylatropine [SEP]


folic acid [SEP] Epileptogenic activity of folic acid after drug induces SLE (folic acid and epilepsy)

Folic Acid [SEP] A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in


SLE [SEP] Epileptogenic activity of folic acid after drug induces SLE (folic acid and epilepsy)

Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic [SEP] A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by


epilepsy [SEP] c activity of folic acid after drug induces SLE (folic acid and epilepsy)

Epilepsy [SEP] A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuron


folic acid [SEP] OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of folic acid-containing multivitamin supplementation in epileptic women befo


epileptic [SEP] effect of folic acid-containing multivitamin supplementation in epileptic women before and during pregnancy in order to determine the rat


birth defects [SEP] d during pregnancy in order to determine the rate of structural birth defects and epilepsy-related side effects. STUDY DESIGN: First a random

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced [SEP] Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is in


epilepsy [SEP]  in order to determine the rate of structural birth defects and epilepsy-related side effects. STUDY DESIGN: First a randomised trial, l


cleft lip [SEP] conception period. One epileptic woman delivered a newborn with cleft lip and palate. Another patient exhibited with a cluster of seizure

Cleft Lip [SEP] Congenital defect in the upper lip where the maxillary prominence fails to merge with the merged medial nasal prominences. It is


seizures [SEP] eft lip and palate. Another patient exhibited with a cluster of seizures after the periconception period using another multivitamin. Thi

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


carbamazepine [SEP] n. This 22-year-old epileptic woman was treated continuously by carbamazepine and a folic acid (1 mg)-containing multivitamin from the 20th w

Carbamazepine [SEP] An anticonvulsant used to control grand mal and psychomotor or focal seizures. Its mode of action is not fully understood, but s


status epilepticus [SEP] ing multivitamin from the 20th week of gestation. She developed status epilepticus and later symptoms of systemic lupus erythematodes. Her pregnan

Status Epilepticus [SEP] A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30


systemic lupus erythematodes [SEP] station. She developed status epilepticus and later symptoms of systemic lupus erythematodes. Her pregnancy ended with stillbirth. CONCLUSIONS: The epilepti


stillbirth [SEP] ptoms of systemic lupus erythematodes. Her pregnancy ended with stillbirth. CONCLUSIONS: The epileptic pregnant patient's autoimmune disea

Stillbirth [SEP] The event that a FETUS is born dead or stillborn.


autoimmune disease [SEP]  with stillbirth. CONCLUSIONS: The epileptic pregnant patient's autoimmune disease (probably drug-induced lupus) could damage the blood-brain barr

Autoimmune Diseases [SEP] Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are


lupus [SEP] She developed status epilepticus and later symptoms of systemic lupus erythematodes. Her pregnancy ended with stillbirth. CONCLUSIONS


epileptic seizures [SEP] l without any autoimmune disease, did not increase the risk for epileptic seizures.


cisapride [SEP] Effects of cisapride on symptoms and postcibal small-bowel motor function in patient

Cisapride [SEP] A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, fun


irritable bowel syndrome [SEP] ptoms and postcibal small-bowel motor function in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome [SEP] A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or


Irritable bowel syndrome [SEP] BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome is a common cause of abdominal pain and discomfort and may be r


abdominal pain [SEP] BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome is a common cause of abdominal pain and discomfort and may be related to disordered gastrointestina

Abdominal Pain [SEP] Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region; generally associated with functional disorders, tissue inju


disordered gastrointestinal motility [SEP] on cause of abdominal pain and discomfort and may be related to disordered gastrointestinal motility. Our aim was to assess the effects of long-term treatment with

Gastrointestinal Diseases [SEP] Diseases in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.


cisapride [SEP] ess the effects of long-term treatment with a prokinetic agent, cisapride, on postprandial jejunal motility and symptoms in the irritable


irritable bowel syndrome [SEP] cisapride, on postprandial jejunal motility and symptoms in the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with IBS (constipation-pr


IBS [SEP]  jejunal motility and symptoms in the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with IBS (constipation-predomi


constipation [SEP]  bowel syndrome (IBS). METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with IBS (constipation-predominant, n = 17; diarrhoea-predominant, n = 21) underwent 2

Constipation [SEP] Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER


diarrhoea [SEP] irty-eight patients with IBS (constipation-predominant, n = 17; diarrhoea-predominant, n = 21) underwent 24-h ambulatory jejunal manometr

Diarrhea [SEP] An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of wa


Diarrhoea [SEP] sapride versus placebo (P < 0.05); pretreatment, 62 +/- 19 mm]. Diarrhoea-predominant IBS patients had a higher pain score after cisaprid


pain [SEP] GROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome is a common cause of abdominal pain and discomfort and may be related to disordered gastrointestina

Pain [SEP] An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.


Cisapride [SEP] us placebo (P < 0.05); pretreatment, 67 +/- 19 mm]. CONCLUSION: Cisapride affects jejunal contraction characteristics and some symptoms i


Clarithromycin [SEP] Clarithromycin-induced ventricular tachycardia.

Clarithromycin [SEP] A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibi


ventricular tachycardia [SEP] Clarithromycin-induced ventricular tachycardia.

Tachycardia, Ventricular [SEP] An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the


Clarithromycin [SEP] Clarithromycin is a relatively new macrolide antibiotic that offers twice-dail


macrolide [SEP] Clarithromycin is a relatively new macrolide antibiotic that offers twice-daily dosing. It differs from eryt

Macrolides [SEP] A group of often glycosylated macrocyclic compounds formed by chain extension of multiple PROPIONATES cyclized into a large (typ


erythromycin [SEP] lide antibiotic that offers twice-daily dosing. It differs from erythromycin only in the methylation of the hydroxyl group at position 6. Al

Erythromycin [SEP] A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active componen


gastroenteritis [SEP] e side-effect profile of erythromycin is established, including gastroenteritis and interactions with other drugs subject to hepatic mixed-func

Gastroenteritis [SEP] INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including


macrolides [SEP] ic mixed-function oxidase metabolism, experience with the newer macrolides is still being recorded. Cardiotoxicity has been demonstrated a


Cardiotoxicity [SEP] , experience with the newer macrolides is still being recorded. Cardiotoxicity has been demonstrated after both intravenous and oral administr

Cardiotoxicity [SEP] Damage to the heart or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY;


ventricular dysrhythmias [SEP] er been reported with the newer macrolides. We report a case of ventricular dysrhythmias that occurred after six therapeutic doses of clarithromycin. Th

Arrhythmias, Cardiac [SEP] Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by


clarithromycin [SEP] cular dysrhythmias that occurred after six therapeutic doses of clarithromycin. The dysrhythmias resolved after discontinuation of the drug.


dysrhythmias [SEP] rted with the newer macrolides. We report a case of ventricular dysrhythmias that occurred after six therapeutic doses of clarithromycin. Th


nephrogenic diabetes insipidus [SEP] Persistent nephrogenic diabetes insipidus following lithium therapy.

Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic [SEP] A genetic or acquired polyuric disorder characterized by persistent hypotonic urine and HYPOKALEMIA. This condition is due to re


lithium [SEP] Persistent nephrogenic diabetes insipidus following lithium therapy.

Lithium [SEP] An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of


dehydration [SEP] eport the case of a patient who developed severe hypernatraemic dehydration following a head injury. Ten years previously he had been diagn

Dehydration [SEP] The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.


head injury [SEP] ent who developed severe hypernatraemic dehydration following a head injury. Ten years previously he had been diagnosed to have lithium-ind

Craniocerebral Trauma [SEP] Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structure


lithium [SEP] head injury. Ten years previously he had been diagnosed to have lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and lithium therapy had


nephrogenic diabetes insipidus [SEP]  years previously he had been diagnosed to have lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and lithium therapy had been discontinued. He remained thirsty


polyuric [SEP]  lithium therapy had been discontinued. He remained thirsty and polyuric despite cessation of lithium and investigations on admission sh

Polyuria [SEP] Urination of a large volume of urine with an increase in urinary frequency, commonly seen in diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABET


vasopressin [SEP] on admission showed him to have normal osmoregulated thirst and vasopressin secretion, with clear evidence of nephrogenic diabetes insipidu

Vasopressins [SEP] Antidiuretic hormones released by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS of all vertebrates (structure varies with species) to regulate water balan


Lithium [SEP] cretion, with clear evidence of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Lithium induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is considered to be reve


polyuria [SEP] idus is considered to be reversible on cessation of therapy but polyuria persisted in this patient for ten years after lithium was stopp


cardiotoxicity [SEP] Late cardiotoxicity after treatment for a malignant bone tumor.


bone tumor [SEP] Late cardiotoxicity after treatment for a malignant bone tumor.

Bone Neoplasms [SEP] Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.


bone tumors [SEP] rdiac function was assessed in long-term survivors of malignant bone tumors who were treated according to Rosen's T5 or T10 protocol, both


Rosen's T5 or T10 protocol [SEP] urvivors of malignant bone tumors who were treated according to Rosen's T5 or T10 protocol, both including doxorubicin. Thirty-one patients, age 10-45 yea

Rosen's T-10 protocol [SEP]


doxorubicin [SEP] treated according to Rosen's T5 or T10 protocol, both including doxorubicin. Thirty-one patients, age 10-45 years (median age 17.8 years) w

Doxorubicin [SEP] Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN.


cardiac toxicity [SEP]  radionuclide angiography. Eighteen of 31 (58%) patients showed cardiac toxicity, defined as having one or more of the following abnormalities:


ventricular arrhythmias [SEP] r more of the following abnormalities: late potentials, complex ventricular arrhythmias, left ventricular dilation, decreased shortening fraction, or d


ventricular dilation [SEP] alities: late potentials, complex ventricular arrhythmias, left ventricular dilation, decreased shortening fraction, or decreased ejection fraction.

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated [SEP] A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk


cardiac abnormalities [SEP] ning fraction, or decreased ejection fraction. The incidence of cardiac abnormalities increased with length of follow-up (P< or = .05). No correlatio

Heart Diseases [SEP] Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.


cardiotoxicity [SEP] decreased in all patients. The incidence of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is high and increases with follow-up, irrespective of cumulativ


Venous complications [SEP] Venous complications of midazolam versus diazepam.

Vascular Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ART


midazolam [SEP] Venous complications of midazolam versus diazepam.

Midazolam [SEP] A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endosco


diazepam [SEP] Venous complications of midazolam versus diazepam.

Diazepam [SEP] A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of actio


venous complications [SEP] Although some studies have suggested fewer venous complications are associated with midazolam than with diazepam for endoscopic


midazolam [SEP] s have suggested fewer venous complications are associated with midazolam than with diazepam for endoscopic procedures, this variable has


diazepam [SEP] er venous complications are associated with midazolam than with diazepam for endoscopic procedures, this variable has not been well docu


Pain [SEP]  with 2% (1 of 60 patients) in the midazolam group (p < 0.002). Pain at the injection site occurred in 35% (22 of 62) of patients in

Pain [SEP] An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.


Swelling [SEP]  with 7% (4 of 60 patients) in the midazolam group (p < 0.001). Swelling and warmth at the injection site were not significantly differe

Edema [SEP] Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.


alcohol [SEP]  drug use, intravenous catheter site, dwell time of the needle, alcohol use, and pain during the injection had no effect on the inciden

Ethanol [SEP] A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bacterici


pain [SEP] enous catheter site, dwell time of the needle, alcohol use, and pain during the injection had no effect on the incidence of venous c


Tetany [SEP] Tetany and rhabdomyolysis due to surreptitious furosemide--importance

Tetany [SEP] A disorder characterized by muscle twitches, cramps, and carpopedal spasm, and when severe, laryngospasm and seizures. This cond


rhabdomyolysis [SEP] Tetany and rhabdomyolysis due to surreptitious furosemide--importance of magnesium supple

Rhabdomyolysis [SEP] Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.


furosemide [SEP] Tetany and rhabdomyolysis due to surreptitious furosemide--importance of magnesium supplementation.

Furosemide [SEP] A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFF


magnesium [SEP] d rhabdomyolysis due to surreptitious furosemide--importance of magnesium supplementation.

Magnesium [SEP] A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of


hypokalemia [SEP] Diuretics may induce hypokalemia, hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia. While severe hypokalemia may

Hypokalemia [SEP] Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointest


hypocalcemia [SEP] Diuretics may induce hypokalemia, hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia. While severe hypokalemia may cause muscle w

Hypocalcemia [SEP] Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle an


hypomagnesemia [SEP] Diuretics may induce hypokalemia, hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia. While severe hypokalemia may cause muscle weakness, severe hyp

Hypomagnesemia primary [SEP]


muscle weakness [SEP] calcemia and hypomagnesemia. While severe hypokalemia may cause muscle weakness, severe hypomagnesemia is associated with muscle spasms and tet

Muscle Weakness [SEP] A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be character


muscle spasms [SEP] cause muscle weakness, severe hypomagnesemia is associated with muscle spasms and tetany which cannot be corrected by potassium and calcium s

Spasm [SEP] An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE.


tetany [SEP] ess, severe hypomagnesemia is associated with muscle spasms and tetany which cannot be corrected by potassium and calcium supplementat


potassium [SEP] ated with muscle spasms and tetany which cannot be corrected by potassium and calcium supplementation alone (1,2). Surreptitious diuretic

Potassium [SEP] An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cat


calcium [SEP] le spasms and tetany which cannot be corrected by potassium and calcium supplementation alone (1,2). Surreptitious diuretic ingestion h

Calcium [SEP] A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic sym


obese [SEP] been described, mainly in women who are concerned that they are obese or edematous. Symptomatic hypokalemia has been reported in such

Obesity [SEP] A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS i


edematous [SEP] ribed, mainly in women who are concerned that they are obese or edematous. Symptomatic hypokalemia has been reported in such patients (3-


magnesium [SEP] d in one case hypocalcemia was observed (8), but the effects of magnesium depletion were not noted in these patients.


glutamate [SEP] Loss of glutamate decarboxylase mRNA-containing neurons in the rat dentate gyrus

Glutamic Acid [SEP] A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in th


pilocarpine [SEP] lase mRNA-containing neurons in the rat dentate gyrus following pilocarpine-induced seizures.

Pilocarpine [SEP] A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glauco


seizures [SEP]  neurons in the rat dentate gyrus following pilocarpine-induced seizures.

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


glutamic acid [SEP] In situ hybridization methods were used to determine if glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) mRNA-containing neurons within the hilus of


seizure [SEP] neurons within the hilus of the dentate gyrus are vulnerable to seizure-induced damage in a model of chronic seizures. Sprague-Dawley r


seizures [SEP]  are vulnerable to seizure-induced damage in a model of chronic seizures. Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with piloc


pilocarpine [SEP] zures. Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with pilocarpine, and the hippocampal formation was studied histologically at 1,


digoxigenin [SEP] induced seizures. In situ hybridization histochemistry, using a digoxigenin-labeled GAD cRNA probe, demonstrated a substantial decrease in

Digoxigenin [SEP] 3 beta,12 beta,14-Trihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digoxin. Can be obtained by hydro


cresyl violet [SEP]  time intervals. Additional neuronanatomical studies, including cresyl violet staining, neuronal degeneration methods, and histochemical loca

cresyl violet [SEP]


neuronal degeneration [SEP] nal neuronanatomical studies, including cresyl violet staining, neuronal degeneration methods, and histochemical localization of glial fibrillary aci

Nerve Degeneration [SEP] Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction o


neuronal loss [SEP] ase in the number of GAD mRNA-containing neurons was related to neuronal loss rather than to a decrease in GAD mRNA levels. The loss of GAD m


GABA [SEP] bility appears to be another indication of the heterogeneity of GABA neurons.

gamma-Aminobutyric Acid [SEP] The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.


misoprostol [SEP] Protective effect of misoprostol on indomethacin induced renal dysfunction in elderly patients.

Misoprostol [SEP] A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and


indomethacin [SEP] Protective effect of misoprostol on indomethacin induced renal dysfunction in elderly patients.

Indomethacin [SEP] A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostagla


renal dysfunction [SEP] Protective effect of misoprostol on indomethacin induced renal dysfunction in elderly patients.

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


misoprostol [SEP] OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possible protective effects of misoprostol on renal function in hospitalized elderly patients treated with


indomethacin [SEP] on renal function in hospitalized elderly patients treated with indomethacin. METHODS: Forty-five hospitalized elderly patients (> 65 years


creatinine [SEP] mg/day (Group B). Laboratory variables of renal function [serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and electrolytes] were evaluated bef

Creatinine [SEP]


blood urea nitrogen [SEP] p B). Laboratory variables of renal function [serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and electrolytes] were evaluated before initiation of the

Blood Urea Nitrogen [SEP] The urea concentration of the blood stated in terms of nitrogen content. Serum (plasma) urea nitrogen is approximately 12% highe


BUN [SEP] ables of renal function [serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and electrolytes] were evaluated before initiation of therapy


pain [SEP] atment was estimated by the visual analog scale for severity of pain. RESULTS: Forty-two patients completed the study, 22 in Group A

Pain [SEP] An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.


Potassium [SEP] ly, compared to only 20 and 10% of Group B patients (p < 0.05). Potassium (K) increment of 0.6 mEq/l or more was observed in 50% of Group


K [SEP] d to only 20 and 10% of Group B patients (p < 0.05). Potassium (K) increment of 0.6 mEq/l or more was observed in 50% of Group A,


renal dysfunction [SEP] lderly patients are at risk for developing indomethacin related renal dysfunction. Addition of misoprostol can minimize this renal impairment wit


renal impairment [SEP] ed renal dysfunction. Addition of misoprostol can minimize this renal impairment without affecting pain control.


Nephrotoxic [SEP] Nephrotoxic effects of aminoglycoside treatment on renal protein reabsorpti


aminoglycoside [SEP] Nephrotoxic effects of aminoglycoside treatment on renal protein reabsorption and accumulation.

Aminoglycosides [SEP] Glycosylated compounds in which there is an amino substituent on the glycoside. Some of them are clinically important ANTIBIOTIC


gentamicin [SEP] To quantify the effects of gentamicin, kanamycin and netilmicin on renal protein reabsorption and acc

Gentamicins [SEP] A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum


kanamycin [SEP] To quantify the effects of gentamicin, kanamycin and netilmicin on renal protein reabsorption and accumulation,

Kanamycin [SEP] Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major com


netilmicin [SEP] To quantify the effects of gentamicin, kanamycin and netilmicin on renal protein reabsorption and accumulation, these drugs wer

Netilmicin [SEP] Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear an


sodium [SEP] icroscopy of the glomerular endothelia, urinary measurements of sodium, potassium, endogenous lysozyme, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidas

Sodium [SEP] A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.


potassium [SEP] y of the glomerular endothelia, urinary measurements of sodium, potassium, endogenous lysozyme, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) as

Potassium [SEP] An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cat


Gentamicin [SEP] ts of inulin clearance (GFR) were done in each treatment group. Gentamicin administration decreased diameter, density and shape of endothe


Kanamycin [SEP] decreased diameter, density and shape of endothelial fenestrae. Kanamycin and netilmicin appeared to have no effect at the dose used. All


aminoglycosides [SEP] tilmicin appeared to have no effect at the dose used. All three aminoglycosides decreased GFR and increased urinary excretion of sodium and pot


impairment of renal reabsorption [SEP]  as nephrotoxicants at glomerular and/or tubular level inducing impairment of renal reabsorption and accumulation of proteins.


GYKI-41 099 [SEP] Pharmacology of GYKI-41 099 (chlorpropanol, Tobanum) a new potent beta-adrenergic antagonis

tobanum [SEP]


chlorpropanol [SEP] Pharmacology of GYKI-41 099 (chlorpropanol, Tobanum) a new potent beta-adrenergic antagonist.

tobanum [SEP]


Tobanum [SEP] Pharmacology of GYKI-41 099 (chlorpropanol, Tobanum) a new potent beta-adrenergic antagonist.

tobanum [SEP]


GYKI-41 099 [SEP] The compound GYKI-41 099, as a beta-adrenergic antagonist, is 3-8 times more potent than

tobanum [SEP]


propranolol [SEP]  as a beta-adrenergic antagonist, is 3-8 times more potent than propranolol in vitro and in vivo. Its antiarrhythmic effectiveness surpasse

Propranolol [SEP] A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; A


pindolol [SEP]  antiarrhythmic effectiveness surpasses that of propranolol and pindolol inhibiting the ouabain arrhythmia in dogs and cats. GYKI-41 900

Pindolol [SEP] A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic


ouabain [SEP] eness surpasses that of propranolol and pindolol inhibiting the ouabain arrhythmia in dogs and cats. GYKI-41 900 has a negligible cardi

Ouabain [SEP] A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants


arrhythmia [SEP] rpasses that of propranolol and pindolol inhibiting the ouabain arrhythmia in dogs and cats. GYKI-41 900 has a negligible cardiodepressant

Arrhythmias, Cardiac [SEP] Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by


Chorea [SEP] Chorea associated with oral contraception.

Chorea [SEP] Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movem


oral contraception [SEP] Chorea associated with oral contraception.

Contraceptives, Oral [SEP] Compounds, usually hormonal, taken orally in order to block ovulation and prevent the occurrence of pregnancy. The hormones are


chorea [SEP] Three patients developed chorea while receiving oral contraceptives. Two were young patients wh


oral contraceptives [SEP] Three patients developed chorea while receiving oral contraceptives. Two were young patients whose chorea developed long after trea


amphetamine [SEP] oon after it had been discontinued. The third patient had acute amphetamine-induced chorea after prolonged oral contraception. Prolonged ad

Amphetamine [SEP] A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blockin


oral contraception [SEP] rd patient had acute amphetamine-induced chorea after prolonged oral contraception. Prolonged administration of female sex hormones is a possible


rheumatic fever [SEP]  cause of chorea in women who have not previously had chorea or rheumatic fever.

Rheumatic Fever [SEP] A febrile disease occurring as a delayed sequela of infections with STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES. It is characterized by multiple foca


ammonia [SEP] Reversal of ammonia coma in rats by L-dopa: a peripheral effect.

Ammonia [SEP] A colorless alkaline gas. It is formed in the body during decomposition of organic materials during a large number of metabolica


coma [SEP] Reversal of ammonia coma in rats by L-dopa: a peripheral effect.

Coma [SEP] A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Com


L-dopa [SEP] Reversal of ammonia coma in rats by L-dopa: a peripheral effect.

Levodopa [SEP] The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can b


Ammonia [SEP] Ammonia coma was produced in rats within 10 to 15 minutes of an intrape


coma [SEP] Ammonia coma was produced in rats within 10 to 15 minutes of an intraperiton


NH4CL [SEP] hin 10 to 15 minutes of an intraperitonealinjection of 1.7 mmol NH4CL. This coma was prevented with 1.68 mmol L-dopa given by gastric

Ammonium Chloride [SEP] An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplatin


L-dopa [SEP] ction of 1.7 mmol NH4CL. This coma was prevented with 1.68 mmol L-dopa given by gastric intubation 15 minutes before the ammonium salt


ammonium salt [SEP] 8 mmol L-dopa given by gastric intubation 15 minutes before the ammonium salt injection. The effect of L-dopa was correlated with a decrease

Ammonium Compounds [SEP] Inorganic compounds that include a positively charged tetrahedral nitrogen (ammonium ion) as part of their structure. This class


ammonia [SEP] ect of L-dopa was correlated with a decrease in blood and brain ammonia, an increase in brain dopamine, and an increase in renal excret


dopamine [SEP] ith a decrease in blood and brain ammonia, an increase in brain dopamine, and an increase in renal excretion of ammonia and urea. Intrav

Dopamine [SEP] One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and


urea [SEP] ain dopamine, and an increase in renal excretion of ammonia and urea. Intraventricular infusion of dopamine sufficient to raise the

Urea [SEP] A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of prote


encephalopathic [SEP] sonable explanation for the beneficial effects observed in some encephalopathic patients receiving L-dopa.

Brain Diseases [SEP] Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This


Heparin [SEP] Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia after liver transplantation.

Heparin [SEP] A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges


thrombocytopenia [SEP] Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia after liver transplantation.

Thrombocytopenia [SEP] A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.


Unfractionated heparin sodium [SEP] BACKGROUND: Unfractionated heparin sodium (UFH) or low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is used in anticoa


UFH [SEP] BACKGROUND: Unfractionated heparin sodium (UFH) or low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is used in anticoagulan


low-molecular weight heparin [SEP] BACKGROUND: Unfractionated heparin sodium (UFH) or low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is used in anticoagulant protocols at several institutio

Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight [SEP] Heparin fractions with a molecular weight usually between 4000 and 6000 kD. These low-molecular-weight fractions are effective a


thrombosis [SEP] d in anticoagulant protocols at several institutions to prevent thrombosis after liver transplantation. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (

Thrombosis [SEP] Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.


Heparin [SEP] institutions to prevent thrombosis after liver transplantation. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an adverse immune-mediated re


thrombocytopenia [SEP] prevent thrombosis after liver transplantation. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an adverse immune-mediated reaction to heparin, result


HIT [SEP]  after liver transplantation. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an adverse immune-mediated reaction to heparin, resulting i


heparin [SEP] BACKGROUND: Unfractionated heparin sodium (UFH) or low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is used in


platelet aggregation [SEP] D 7 to 33 x 10(9)/L on POD 9, respectively. The heparin-induced platelet aggregation test was negative in these patients. The percentage of HIT anti

Blood Platelet Disorders [SEP] Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function.


PTU [SEP] PTU-associated vasculitis in a girl with Turner Syndrome and Graves

Propylthiouracil [SEP] A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of thro


vasculitis [SEP] PTU-associated vasculitis in a girl with Turner Syndrome and Graves' disease.

Vasculitis [SEP] Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.


Turner Syndrome [SEP] PTU-associated vasculitis in a girl with Turner Syndrome and Graves' disease.

Turner Syndrome [SEP] A syndrome of defective gonadal development in phenotypic females associated with the karyotype 45,X (or 45,XO). Patients genera