EDDs [SEP] be an outbreak of deaths from cocaine-induced excited delirium (EDDs) in Dade County, Florida between 1979 and 1990. From a registry


overdose [SEP] 0, 58 EDDs were compared with 125 victims of accidental cocaine overdose without excited delirium. Compared with controls, EDDs were mor

Drug Overdose [SEP] Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.


hyperthermia [SEP]  death, to have survived for a longer period, to have developed hyperthermia, and to have died in summer months. EDDs had concentrations of

Fever [SEP] An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.


benzoylecgonine [SEP] e died in summer months. EDDs had concentrations of cocaine and benzoylecgonine in autopsy blood that were similar to those for controls. The e

benzoylecgonine [SEP]


agitation [SEP] tion and, when coupled with recent cocaine use, may precipitate agitation, delirium, aberrant thermoregulation, rhabdomyolysis, and sudde

Psychomotor Agitation [SEP] A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug tox


rhabdomyolysis [SEP] may precipitate agitation, delirium, aberrant thermoregulation, rhabdomyolysis, and sudden death.

Rhabdomyolysis [SEP] Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.


sudden death [SEP] ation, delirium, aberrant thermoregulation, rhabdomyolysis, and sudden death.

Death, Sudden [SEP] The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiov


Heparin [SEP] Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, thrombosis, and hemorrhage.

Heparin [SEP] A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges


thrombocytopenia [SEP] Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, thrombosis, and hemorrhage.

Thrombocytopenia [SEP] A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.


thrombosis [SEP] Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, thrombosis, and hemorrhage.

Thrombosis [SEP] Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.


hemorrhage [SEP] Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, thrombosis, and hemorrhage.

Hemorrhage [SEP] Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.


heparin [SEP] Sixty-two patients with a heparin-induced thrombocytopenia are reported. Clinical manifestations


thrombocytopenia [SEP] Sixty-two patients with a heparin-induced thrombocytopenia are reported. Clinical manifestations of this disorder include


hemorrhage [SEP]  are reported. Clinical manifestations of this disorder include hemorrhage or, more frequently, thromboembolic events in patients receivin


thromboembolic [SEP] ations of this disorder include hemorrhage or, more frequently, thromboembolic events in patients receiving heparin. Laboratory testing has re

Thromboembolism [SEP] Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.


a falling platelet count [SEP]  in patients receiving heparin. Laboratory testing has revealed a falling platelet count, increased resistance to heparin, and aggregation of platelets

Blood Platelet Disorders [SEP] Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function.


thromboembolic complications [SEP] t platelet membrane antibody. The 20 deaths, 52 hemorrhagic and thromboembolic complications, and 21 surgical procedures to manage the complications confirm


platelet aggregation [SEP]  less than 100,000/mm3, while the patient is receiving heparin, platelet aggregation testing, using the patient's plasma, is indicated. Management c


Cardiac toxicity [SEP] Cardiac toxicity of 5-fluorouracil. Report of a case of spontaneous angina.

Cardiotoxicity [SEP] Damage to the heart or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY;


5-fluorouracil [SEP] Cardiac toxicity of 5-fluorouracil. Report of a case of spontaneous angina.

Fluorouracil [SEP] A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTH


angina [SEP] iac toxicity of 5-fluorouracil. Report of a case of spontaneous angina.

Angina Pectoris [SEP] The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is


colon carcinoma [SEP] We report a case of a patient with colon carcinoma and liver metastasis who presented chest pain after 5-fluoroura

Colonic Neoplasms [SEP] Tumors or cancer of the COLON.


metastasis [SEP] We report a case of a patient with colon carcinoma and liver metastasis who presented chest pain after 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) administra

Neoplasm Metastasis [SEP] The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.


chest pain [SEP] patient with colon carcinoma and liver metastasis who presented chest pain after 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) administration. Clinical electrocar

Chest Pain [SEP] Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.


5-fluorouracil [SEP] n carcinoma and liver metastasis who presented chest pain after 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) administration. Clinical electrocardiographic evolution


5-FU [SEP] liver metastasis who presented chest pain after 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) administration. Clinical electrocardiographic evolution was si


Prinzmetal's angina [SEP]  electrocardiographic evolution was similar to that observed in Prinzmetal's angina, and chest pain promptly resolved with nifedipine. These data s

Angina Pectoris, Variant [SEP] A clinical syndrome characterized by the development of CHEST PAIN at rest with concomitant transient ST segment elevation in th


nifedipine [SEP] d in Prinzmetal's angina, and chest pain promptly resolved with nifedipine. These data suggest that coronary spasm may be the cause of car

Nifedipine [SEP] A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.


coronary spasm [SEP] pain promptly resolved with nifedipine. These data suggest that coronary spasm may be the cause of cardiotoxicity due to 5-FU, and that calciu

Coronary Vasospasm [SEP] Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries.


cardiotoxicity [SEP] ine. These data suggest that coronary spasm may be the cause of cardiotoxicity due to 5-FU, and that calcium antagonists may probably be used


calcium [SEP]  spasm may be the cause of cardiotoxicity due to 5-FU, and that calcium antagonists may probably be used in the prevention or treatment

Calcium [SEP] A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic sym


Toxicity [SEP] Toxicity due to remission inducing drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. Associ

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


rheumatoid arthritis [SEP] Toxicity due to remission inducing drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. Association with HLA-B35 and Cw4 antigens.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid [SEP] A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular stru


rheumatoid arthritis [SEP] Twenty-five patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who developed toxicity while taking remission inducing dru


RA [SEP] Twenty-five patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who developed toxicity while taking remission inducing drugs a


toxicity [SEP] enty-five patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who developed toxicity while taking remission inducing drugs and 30 without toxicity w


nephritis [SEP] nd II HLA antigens. A strong association has been found between nephritis and dermatitis due to Tiopronin (a D-Penicillamine like compoun

Nephritis [SEP] Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.


dermatitis [SEP] gens. A strong association has been found between nephritis and dermatitis due to Tiopronin (a D-Penicillamine like compound) and class I

Dermatitis [SEP] Any inflammation of the skin.


Tiopronin [SEP] ociation has been found between nephritis and dermatitis due to Tiopronin (a D-Penicillamine like compound) and class I antigens B35-Cw4,

Tiopronin [SEP] Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.


D-Penicillamine [SEP] been found between nephritis and dermatitis due to Tiopronin (a D-Penicillamine like compound) and class I antigens B35-Cw4, and between dermat

Penicillamine [SEP] 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic a


gold [SEP] nd) and class I antigens B35-Cw4, and between dermatitis due to gold thiosulphate and B35. Compared to healthy controls a lower DR5

Gold [SEP] A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating


hemiparesis [SEP] Transient hemiparesis: a rare manifestation of diphenylhydantoin toxicity. Report of

Paresis [SEP] A general term referring to a mild to moderate degree of muscular weakness, occasionally used as a synonym for PARALYSIS (severe


diphenylhydantoin [SEP] Transient hemiparesis: a rare manifestation of diphenylhydantoin toxicity. Report of two cases.

Phenytoin [SEP] An anticonvulsant that is used to treat a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mec


toxicity [SEP] ransient hemiparesis: a rare manifestation of diphenylhydantoin toxicity. Report of two cases.


diphenylhydantoin [SEP] Among the common side effects of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) overdose, the most frequently encountered neurological si


DPH [SEP] Among the common side effects of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) overdose, the most frequently encountered neurological signs a


overdose [SEP] Among the common side effects of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) overdose, the most frequently encountered neurological signs are those o

Drug Overdose [SEP] Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.


cerebellar dysfunction [SEP] the most frequently encountered neurological signs are those of cerebellar dysfunction. Very rarely, the toxic neurological manifestations of this dru

Cerebellar Diseases [SEP] Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysm


hemiparesis [SEP] ral origin. Two patients are presented who suffered progressive hemiparesis due to DPH overdose. Both had brain surgery before DPH treatmen


cerebral damage [SEP] ery before DPH treatment. It is assumed that patients with some cerebral damage are liable to manifest DPH toxicity as focal neurological signs

Brain Diseases [SEP] Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This


toxicity [SEP] t patients with some cerebral damage are liable to manifest DPH toxicity as focal neurological signs.


prostaglandins [SEP] Nerve growth factor and prostaglandins in the urine of female patients with overactive bladder.

Prostaglandins [SEP] A group of compounds derived from unsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid, via the cyclooxygenase pathway.


overactive bladder [SEP]  factor and prostaglandins in the urine of female patients with overactive bladder.

Urinary Bladder, Overactive [SEP] Symptom of overactive detrusor muscle of the URINARY BLADDER that contracts with abnormally high frequency and urgency. Overacti


PGs [SEP] PURPOSE: NGF and PGs in the bladder can be affected by pathological changes in the b


OAB [SEP] e. We investigated changes in urinary NGF and PGs in women with OAB. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study groups included 65 women with


PGE2 [SEP] iary and urodynamic studies. Urine samples were collected. NGF, PGE2, PGF2alpha and PGI2 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosor

Dinoprostone [SEP] The most common and most biologically active of the mammalian prostaglandins. It exhibits most biological activities characteris


PGF2alpha [SEP] nd urodynamic studies. Urine samples were collected. NGF, PGE2, PGF2alpha and PGI2 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Dinoprost [SEP] A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile prop


PGI2 [SEP] studies. Urine samples were collected. NGF, PGE2, PGF2alpha and PGI2 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compa

Epoprostenol [SEP] A prostaglandin that is a powerful vasodilator and inhibits platelet aggregation. It is biosynthesized enzymatically from PROSTA


PG [SEP] PURPOSE: NGF and PGs in the bladder can be affected by pathological changes in the


low back pain [SEP] Acute low back pain during intravenous administration of amiodarone: a report of tw

Low Back Pain [SEP] Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INT


amiodarone [SEP] Acute low back pain during intravenous administration of amiodarone: a report of two cases.

Amiodarone [SEP] An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibitin


Amiodarone [SEP] Amiodarone represents an effective antiarrhythmic drug for cardioversion o


atrial fibrillation [SEP] effective antiarrhythmic drug for cardioversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) and maintenance of sinus rhythm. We briefly describe two p

Atrial Fibrillation [SEP] Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the


AF [SEP] mic drug for cardioversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) and maintenance of sinus rhythm. We briefly describe two patie


low back pain [SEP] onset atrial fibrillation, who experienced an acute devastating low back pain a few minutes after initiation of intravenous amiodarone loadin


amiodarone [SEP] ing low back pain a few minutes after initiation of intravenous amiodarone loading. Notably, this side effect has not been ever reported i


Postoperative myalgia [SEP] Postoperative myalgia after succinylcholine: no evidence for an inflammatory origin.

Pain, Postoperative [SEP] Pain during the period after surgery.


succinylcholine [SEP] Postoperative myalgia after succinylcholine: no evidence for an inflammatory origin.

Succinylcholine [SEP] A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxan


succinylcholine [SEP] A common side effect associated with succinylcholine is postoperative myalgia. The pathogenesis of this myalgia is s


postoperative myalgia [SEP] A common side effect associated with succinylcholine is postoperative myalgia. The pathogenesis of this myalgia is still unclear; inflammatio


myalgia [SEP] on side effect associated with succinylcholine is postoperative myalgia. The pathogenesis of this myalgia is still unclear; inflammatio

Myalgia [SEP] Painful sensation in the muscles.


inflammation [SEP] ive myalgia. The pathogenesis of this myalgia is still unclear; inflammation has been suggested but without convincing evidence. We designed

Inflammation [SEP] A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions


dexamethasone [SEP] myalgia was determined in 64 patients pretreated with saline or dexamethasone before succinylcholine (n = 32 for each). Incidence and severit

Dexamethasone [SEP] An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid.


Levodopa [SEP] Levodopa-induced oromandibular dystonia in progressive supranuclear pals

Levodopa [SEP] The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can b


dystonia [SEP] Levodopa-induced oromandibular dystonia in progressive supranuclear palsy.

Dystonia [SEP] An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often aff


progressive supranuclear palsy [SEP] Levodopa-induced oromandibular dystonia in progressive supranuclear palsy.

Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive [SEP] A degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by balance difficulties; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS (supranucl


Levodopa [SEP] Levodopa-induced dyskinesias have been reported in Parkinson's disease a


dyskinesias [SEP] Levodopa-induced dyskinesias have been reported in Parkinson's disease and multiple system a

Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced [SEP] Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or


Parkinson's disease [SEP] Levodopa-induced dyskinesias have been reported in Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. Cranial dystonias are rare in pati

Parkinson Disease [SEP] A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency


multiple system atrophy [SEP] duced dyskinesias have been reported in Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. Cranial dystonias are rare in patients with progressive supran

Multiple System Atrophy [SEP] A syndrome complex composed of three conditions which represent clinical variants of the same disease process: STRIATONIGRAL DEG


dystonias [SEP] ted in Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. Cranial dystonias are rare in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP).


progressive supranuclear palsy [SEP] ple system atrophy. Cranial dystonias are rare in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). In this report we describe an unusual case of reversible


PSP [SEP] onias are rare in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). In this report we describe an unusual case of reversible levo


levodopa [SEP] (PSP). In this report we describe an unusual case of reversible levodopa-induced Oromandibular dystonia (OMD) in a PSP patient to highli


Oromandibular dystonia [SEP] port we describe an unusual case of reversible levodopa-induced Oromandibular dystonia (OMD) in a PSP patient to highlight the importance of recognizi

Meige Syndrome [SEP] A syndrome characterized by orofacial DYSTONIA; including BLEPHAROSPASM; forceful jaw opening; lip retraction; platysma muscle s


OMD [SEP] ual case of reversible levodopa-induced Oromandibular dystonia (OMD) in a PSP patient to highlight the importance of recognizing th


edaravone [SEP] Protective effect of edaravone against streptomycin-induced vestibulotoxicity in the guinea pi

phenylmethylpyrazolone [SEP]


streptomycin [SEP] Protective effect of edaravone against streptomycin-induced vestibulotoxicity in the guinea pig.

Streptomycin [SEP] An antibiotic produced by the soil actinomycete Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting the initiation and elongation proces


vestibulotoxicity [SEP] Protective effect of edaravone against streptomycin-induced vestibulotoxicity in the guinea pig.

Vestibular Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH which contains part of the balancing apparatus. Patients with vestibular dise


streptomycin [SEP] This study investigated alleviation of streptomycin-induced vestibulotoxicity by edaravone in guinea pigs. Edaravon


vestibulotoxicity [SEP] This study investigated alleviation of streptomycin-induced vestibulotoxicity by edaravone in guinea pigs. Edaravone, a free radical scavenge


edaravone [SEP] igated alleviation of streptomycin-induced vestibulotoxicity by edaravone in guinea pigs. Edaravone, a free radical scavenger, has potent

phenylmethylpyrazolone [SEP]


Edaravone [SEP] ptomycin-induced vestibulotoxicity by edaravone in guinea pigs. Edaravone, a free radical scavenger, has potent free radical quenching ac

phenylmethylpyrazolone [SEP]


cerebral infarction [SEP] ical quenching action and is used in clinical practice to treat cerebral infarction. Streptomycin was administered to the inner ear by osmotic pump

Cerebral Infarction [SEP] The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of th


Streptomycin [SEP]  and is used in clinical practice to treat cerebral infarction. Streptomycin was administered to the inner ear by osmotic pump for 24 h, and


Ketamine [SEP] Ketamine in war/tropical surgery (a final tribute to the racemic mixture

Ketamine [SEP] A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can bl


ketamine [SEP] A technique of continuous intravenous anaesthesia with ketamine was used successfully during the Somalia civil war in 1994 and


oxygen [SEP] entilators in patients on spontaneous ventilation breathing air/oxygen only. After premedication with diazepam, glycopyrrolate and loc

Oxygen [SEP] An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on ear


diazepam [SEP] ventilation breathing air/oxygen only. After premedication with diazepam, glycopyrrolate and local anaesthesia, and induction with stand

Diazepam [SEP] A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of actio


glycopyrrolate [SEP] n breathing air/oxygen only. After premedication with diazepam, glycopyrrolate and local anaesthesia, and induction with standard doses of ket

Glycopyrrolate [SEP] A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in some disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and to reduce salivation with


Diazepam [SEP] bedside clinical monitoring, relying heavily on the heart rate. Diazepam, unless contraindicated or risky, remains the only necessary co


hallucinations [SEP] eases the duration and intensity of operative and postoperative hallucinations. Local anaesthetic blocks were useful in decreasing the require

Hallucinations [SEP] Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real.


analgesia [SEP] cks were useful in decreasing the requirement for postoperative analgesia. An antisialogue was usually unnecessary in operations lasting

Pain Insensitivity, Congenital [SEP] A syndrome characterized by indifference to PAIN despite the ability to distinguish noxious from non-noxious stimuli. Absent cor


Steroid [SEP] Steroid structure and pharmacological properties determine the anti-amn

Steroids [SEP] A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precurso


amnesic [SEP] oid structure and pharmacological properties determine the anti-amnesic effects of pregnenolone sulphate in the passive avoidance task

Amnesia [SEP] Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMN


pregnenolone sulphate [SEP] harmacological properties determine the anti-amnesic effects of pregnenolone sulphate in the passive avoidance task in rats.

pregnenolone sulfate [SEP]


Pregnenolone sulphate [SEP] Pregnenolone sulphate (PREGS) has generated interest as one of the most potent memory

pregnenolone sulfate [SEP]


PREGS [SEP] Pregnenolone sulphate (PREGS) has generated interest as one of the most potent memory-enhanc

pregnenolone sulfate [SEP]


steroid [SEP] erated interest as one of the most potent memory-enhancing neurosteroids to be examined in rodent learning studies, with particular imp


N-methyl-d-aspartate [SEP] tems from findings that PREGS is a potent positive modulator of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and a negative modulator of gamma-aminobutyr

N-Methylaspartate [SEP] An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NM


gamma-aminobutyric acid [SEP] thyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and a negative modulator of gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptors (GABA(A)Rs). Moreover, PREGS is able to reverse th

gamma-Aminobutyric Acid [SEP] The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.


GABA [SEP] rmation is hypothesized to involve actions on glutamatergic and GABAergic systems. This hypothesis stems from findings that PREGS is


amnesic [SEP] ) receptors (GABA(A)Rs). Moreover, PREGS is able to reverse the amnesic-like effects of NMDAR and GABA(A)R ligands. To investigate this


epipregnanolone ([3beta-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one] sulphate [SEP] e sulphate (an agent that is inactive at GABA(A)Rs and NMDARs), epipregnanolone ([3beta-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one] sulphate, an inhibitor of both GABA(A)Rs and NMDARs), and a newly synthe

pregnenolone sulfate [SEP]


scopolamine [SEP] gs were tested in the passive avoidance task using the model of scopolamine-induced amnesia. Both PREGS and its (-) enantiomer blocked the

Scopolamine Hydrobromide [SEP] An alkaloid from SOLANACEAE, especially DATURA and SCOPOLIA. Scopolamine and its quaternary derivatives act as antimuscarinics l


amnesia [SEP] e passive avoidance task using the model of scopolamine-induced amnesia. Both PREGS and its (-) enantiomer blocked the effects of scopo


epipregnanolone sulphate [SEP] sults show that, unlike PREGS, 11-ketopregnenolone sulphate and epipregnanolone sulphate failed to block the effect of scopolamine, suggesting that alte

pregnenolone sulfate [SEP]


NMDA [SEP]  a potent positive modulator of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and a negative modulator of gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) recep


steroids [SEP] erated interest as one of the most potent memory-enhancing neurosteroids to be examined in rodent learning studies, with particular impo


adenosine [SEP] sessment of intrathecal injection of an American formulation of adenosine in humans.

Adenosine [SEP] A nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles i


adenosine [SEP] BACKGROUND: Preclinical studies of intrathecal adenosine suggest it may be effective in the treatment of acute and chron


chronic pain [SEP] osine suggest it may be effective in the treatment of acute and chronic pain in humans, and preliminary studies in volunteers and patients w

Chronic Pain [SEP] Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persi


hypersensitivity [SEP] wedish formulation of adenosine suggests it may be effective in hypersensitivity states but not with acute noxious stimulation. The purpose of t

Drug Hypersensitivity [SEP] Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.


capsaicin [SEP] ne marketed in the US, using both acute noxious stimulation and capsaicin-evoked mechanical hypersensitivity. METHODS: Following Food and

Capsaicin [SEP] An alkylamide found in CAPSICUM that acts at TRPV CATION CHANNELS.


pain [SEP] ggest it may be effective in the treatment of acute and chronic pain in humans, and preliminary studies in volunteers and patients w

Pain [SEP] An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.


mechanical hyperalgesia [SEP] and pain ratings in response to acute heat stimuli and areas of mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia after intradermal capsaicin injection were determ

Hyperalgesia [SEP] An increased sensation of pain or discomfort produced by mimimally noxious stimuli due to damage to soft tissue containing NOCIC


allodynia [SEP]  to acute heat stimuli and areas of mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia after intradermal capsaicin injection were determined. RESULTS:


Adenosine [SEP] after intradermal capsaicin injection were determined. RESULTS: Adenosine produced no effect on pain report to acute noxious thermal or c


neuropathic pain [SEP] h that observed in preliminary reports of patients with chronic neuropathic pain and is not due to prolonged residence of adenosine in cerebrosp

Neuralgia [SEP] Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.


lithium [SEP] Effect of lithium maintenance therapy on thyroid and parathyroid function.

Lithium [SEP] An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of


lithium [SEP] OBJECTIVES: To assess changes induced by lithium maintenance therapy on the incidence of thyroid, parathyroid an


thyroid disease [SEP] ry (whether or not the patient had a first-degree relative with thyroid disease). DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Affective Disorders Clini

Thyroid Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.


bipolar disorder [SEP] TIENTS: One hundred and one patients (28 men and 73 women) with bipolar disorder receiving lithium maintenance therapy ranging from 1 year's to

Bipolar Disorder [SEP] A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and rec


psychiatric [SEP] s' duration. The control group consisted of 82 patients with no psychiatric or endocrinological diagnoses from the hospital's out-patient c

Mental Disorders [SEP] Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of tho


calcium [SEP] s out-patient clinics. OUTCOME MEASURES: Laboratory analyses of calcium, magnesium and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels performed bef

Calcium [SEP] A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic sym


magnesium [SEP] ient clinics. OUTCOME MEASURES: Laboratory analyses of calcium, magnesium and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels performed before beginni

Magnesium [SEP] A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of


Hypothyroidism [SEP] e beginning lithium therapy and at biannual follow-up. RESULTS: Hypothyroidism developed in 40 patients, excluding 8 patients who were hypothy

Hypothyroidism [SEP] A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL


hypothyroid [SEP] roidism developed in 40 patients, excluding 8 patients who were hypothyroid at baseline. All patients having first-degree relatives affecte


thyroid illness [SEP] aseline. All patients having first-degree relatives affected by thyroid illness had accelerated onset of hypothyroidism (3.7 years after onset


hypothyroidism [SEP]  relatives affected by thyroid illness had accelerated onset of hypothyroidism (3.7 years after onset of lithium therapy) compared with patien


Magnesium [SEP] yroidism than women under 60 years of age (34.6% versus 31.9%). Magnesium levels in patients on lithium treatment were unchanged from bas


hypercalcemia [SEP] amilial thyroid illness is a risk factor for hypothyroidism and hypercalcemia during lithium therapy.

Hypercalcemia [SEP] Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.


toxicity [SEP] Systemic toxicity following administration of sirolimus (formerly rapamycin) for

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


sirolimus [SEP] Systemic toxicity following administration of sirolimus (formerly rapamycin) for psoriasis: association of capillary le

Sirolimus [SEP] A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation o


rapamycin [SEP] stemic toxicity following administration of sirolimus (formerly rapamycin) for psoriasis: association of capillary leak syndrome with apo


psoriasis [SEP]  following administration of sirolimus (formerly rapamycin) for psoriasis: association of capillary leak syndrome with apoptosis of lesio

Psoriasis [SEP] A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches.


capillary leak syndrome [SEP] of sirolimus (formerly rapamycin) for psoriasis: association of capillary leak syndrome with apoptosis of lesional lymphocytes.

Capillary Leak Syndrome [SEP] A condition characterized by recurring episodes of fluid leaking from capillaries into extra-vascular compartments causing hemat


Sirolimus [SEP] BACKGROUND: Sirolimus (formerly rapamycin) is an immunosuppressive agent that interfe


rapamycin [SEP] BACKGROUND: Sirolimus (formerly rapamycin) is an immunosuppressive agent that interferes with T-cell acti


psoriasis [SEP] hat interferes with T-cell activation. After 2 individuals with psoriasis developed a capillary leak syndrome following treatment with or


capillary leak syndrome [SEP] cell activation. After 2 individuals with psoriasis developed a capillary leak syndrome following treatment with oral sirolimus lesional skin cells and


sirolimus [SEP] veloped a capillary leak syndrome following treatment with oral sirolimus lesional skin cells and activated peripheral blood cells were a


dexamethasone [SEP] atients with psoriasis tended to exhibit greater spontaneous or dexamethasone-induced apoptosis than did normal T cells, particularly in the

Dexamethasone [SEP] An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid.


fever [SEP] limus. CONCLUSIONS: Severe adverse effects of sirolimus include fever, anemia, and capillary leak syndrome. These symptoms may be the

Fever [SEP] An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.


anemia [SEP] CONCLUSIONS: Severe adverse effects of sirolimus include fever, anemia, and capillary leak syndrome. These symptoms may be the result

Anemia [SEP] A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.


capillary leak [SEP] cell activation. After 2 individuals with psoriasis developed a capillary leak syndrome following treatment with oral sirolimus lesional skin


inflammatory diseases [SEP] c therapies, clinical monitoring is advisable for patients with inflammatory diseases who are treated with immune modulators.

Inflammation [SEP] A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions


glycine [SEP] Contribution of the glycine site of NMDA receptors in rostral and intermediate-caudal parts

Glycine [SEP] A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also


NMDA [SEP] Contribution of the glycine site of NMDA receptors in rostral and intermediate-caudal parts of the stria

N-Methylaspartate [SEP] An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NM


glycine [SEP]  aim of the present study was to assess the contribution of the glycine site of NMDA receptors in the striatum to the regulation of mus


NMDA [SEP] ent study was to assess the contribution of the glycine site of NMDA receptors in the striatum to the regulation of muscle tone. Mus


Muscle rigidity [SEP] tic muscles of that joint: gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior. Muscle rigidity was induced by haloperidol (2.5 mg/kg i.p.). 5,7-dichlorokynure

Muscle Rigidity [SEP] Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. When an affected m


haloperidol [SEP] rocnemius and tibialis anterior. Muscle rigidity was induced by haloperidol (2.5 mg/kg i.p.). 5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid (5,7-DCKA), a sele

Haloperidol [SEP] A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoa


5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid [SEP] r. Muscle rigidity was induced by haloperidol (2.5 mg/kg i.p.). 5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid (5,7-DCKA), a selective glycine site antagonist, injected in do

5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid [SEP]


5,7-DCKA [SEP] ed by haloperidol (2.5 mg/kg i.p.). 5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid (5,7-DCKA), a selective glycine site antagonist, injected in doses of 2.5

5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid [SEP]


muscle rigidity [SEP]  region of the striatum, decreased both the haloperidol-induced muscle rigidity (MMG) and the enhanced electromyographic activity (EMG). 5,7-DC


lovastatin [SEP] Efficacy and tolerability of lovastatin in 3390 women with moderate hypercholesterolemia.

Lovastatin [SEP] A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits


hypercholesterolemia [SEP] cacy and tolerability of lovastatin in 3390 women with moderate hypercholesterolemia.

Hypercholesterolemia [SEP] A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th per


lovastatin [SEP] OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of lovastatin in women with moderate hypercholesterolemia. DESIGN: The Expand


hypercholesterolemia [SEP] te the efficacy and safety of lovastatin in women with moderate hypercholesterolemia. DESIGN: The Expanded Clinical Evaluation of Lovastatin (EXCEL)


Lovastatin [SEP] percholesterolemia. DESIGN: The Expanded Clinical Evaluation of Lovastatin (EXCEL) Study, a multicenter, double-blind, diet- and placebo-c


cholesterol [SEP] e efficacy and safety of lovastatin in women with moderate hypercholesterolemia. DESIGN: The Expanded Clinical Evaluation of Lovastatin (EX

Cholesterol [SEP] The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fat


triglycerides [SEP] tein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides; and laboratory and clinical evidence of adverse events monitor

Triglycerides [SEP]


Cholesterol [SEP] om 82% to 95% of lovastatin-treated women achieved the National Cholesterol Education Program goal of LDL cholesterol levels less than 4.14


Myopathy [SEP]  in 0.1% of women and were dose dependent above the 20-mg dose. Myopathy, defined as muscle symptoms with creatine kinase elevations gre

Muscular Diseases [SEP] Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.


creatine [SEP] above the 20-mg dose. Myopathy, defined as muscle symptoms with creatine kinase elevations greater than 10 times the upper limit of norm

Creatine [SEP] An amino acid that occurs in vertebrate tissues and in urine. In muscle tissue, creatine generally occurs as phosphocreatine. Cr


REM sleep deprivation [SEP] REM sleep deprivation changes behavioral response to catecholaminergic and serotonerg

Sleep Deprivation [SEP] The state of being deprived of sleep under experimental conditions, due to life events, or from a wide variety of pathophysiolog


REM sleep deprivation [SEP] The effects of REM sleep deprivation (REMD) on apomorphine-induced aggressiveness and quipazine-indu


REMD [SEP] The effects of REM sleep deprivation (REMD) on apomorphine-induced aggressiveness and quipazine-induced he


apomorphine [SEP] The effects of REM sleep deprivation (REMD) on apomorphine-induced aggressiveness and quipazine-induced head twitches in r

Apomorphine [SEP] A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poiso


aggressiveness [SEP]  effects of REM sleep deprivation (REMD) on apomorphine-induced aggressiveness and quipazine-induced head twitches in rats were determined. Fo

Mental Disorders [SEP] Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of tho


quipazine [SEP] ep deprivation (REMD) on apomorphine-induced aggressiveness and quipazine-induced head twitches in rats were determined. Forty-eight hr o

Quipazine [SEP] A pharmacologic congener of serotonin that contracts smooth muscle and has actions similar to those of tricyclic antidepressants


head twitches [SEP] MD) on apomorphine-induced aggressiveness and quipazine-induced head twitches in rats were determined. Forty-eight hr of REMD increased apomo

Movement Disorders [SEP] Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerati


haloperidol [SEP] Extrapyramidal side effects and oral haloperidol: an analysis of explanatory patient and treatment characteristi


haloperidol [SEP] al side effects (EPS) was evaluated in 98 patients treated with haloperidol. The incidence of parkinsonism was higher at higher doses of ha


parkinsonism [SEP] uated in 98 patients treated with haloperidol. The incidence of parkinsonism was higher at higher doses of haloperidol and in younger patien

Parkinson Disease, Secondary [SEP] Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected co


Akathisia [SEP] young and old patients when given after parkinsonism developed. Akathisia was controlled by the benzodiazepine lorazepam in 14 out of 16

Akathisia, Drug-Induced [SEP] A condition associated with the use of certain medications and characterized by an internal sense of motor restlessness often de


benzodiazepine [SEP] n after parkinsonism developed. Akathisia was controlled by the benzodiazepine lorazepam in 14 out of 16 patients, while prophylactic antipark

Benzodiazepines [SEP] A group of two-ring heterocyclic compounds consisting of a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring.


lorazepam [SEP] onism developed. Akathisia was controlled by the benzodiazepine lorazepam in 14 out of 16 patients, while prophylactic antiparkinsonians

Lorazepam [SEP] A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sed


Hepatic veno-occlusive disease [SEP] Hepatic veno-occlusive disease caused by 6-thioguanine.

Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease [SEP] Liver disease that is caused by injuries to the ENDOTHELIAL CELLS of the vessels and subendothelial EDEMA, but not by THROMBOSIS


6-thioguanine [SEP] Hepatic veno-occlusive disease caused by 6-thioguanine.

Thioguanine [SEP] An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.


veno-occlusive disease of the liver [SEP] Clinically reversible veno-occlusive disease of the liver developed in a 23-year-old man with acute lymphocytic leukemia


acute lymphocytic leukemia [SEP] lusive disease of the liver developed in a 23-year-old man with acute lymphocytic leukemia after 10 months of maintenance therapy with 6-thioguanine. Seri

Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma [SEP] A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and ot


6-thioguanine [SEP] ymphocytic leukemia after 10 months of maintenance therapy with 6-thioguanine. Serial liver biopsies showed the development and resolution of


fibrosis [SEP] lthough this disease was clinically reversible, some subintimal fibrosis about the terminal hepatic veins persisted. This case presented

Fibrosis [SEP] Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other


hepatic veno-occlusive disease [SEP] ity to observe the histologic features of clinically reversible hepatic veno-occlusive disease over time, and may be the first case of veno-occlusive related


ifosfamide [SEP] Treatment of ifosfamide-induced urothelial toxicity by oral administration of sodium 2-

Ifosfamide [SEP] Positional isomer of CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE which is active as an alkylating agent and an immunosuppressive agent.


urothelial toxicity [SEP] Treatment of ifosfamide-induced urothelial toxicity by oral administration of sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulphonate (M

Urinary Bladder Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the URINARY BLADDER.


sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulphonate [SEP] fosfamide-induced urothelial toxicity by oral administration of sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulphonate (MESNA) to patients with inoperable lung cancer.

Mesna [SEP] A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFA


MESNA [SEP] y by oral administration of sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulphonate (MESNA) to patients with inoperable lung cancer.


lung cancer [SEP] 2-mercaptoethane sulphonate (MESNA) to patients with inoperable lung cancer.

Lung Neoplasms [SEP] Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.


thiol [SEP] The protective effect of oral administration of the thiol compound sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulphonate (MESNA) against uro

Sulfhydryl Compounds [SEP] Compounds containing the -SH radical.


sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulphonate [SEP]  protective effect of oral administration of the thiol compound sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulphonate (MESNA) against urothelial toxicity induced by ifosfamide (IF)


MESNA [SEP] ation of the thiol compound sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulphonate (MESNA) against urothelial toxicity induced by ifosfamide (IF) was tes


urothelial toxicity [SEP] iol compound sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulphonate (MESNA) against urothelial toxicity induced by ifosfamide (IF) was tested in a group of 45 patients


ifosfamide [SEP] thane sulphonate (MESNA) against urothelial toxicity induced by ifosfamide (IF) was tested in a group of 45 patients with inoperable lung


IF [SEP] nate (MESNA) against urothelial toxicity induced by ifosfamide (IF) was tested in a group of 45 patients with inoperable lung canc


lung cancer [SEP] amide (IF) was tested in a group of 45 patients with inoperable lung cancer under treatment with IF (2250 mg/m2 on days 2-5) as part of a p


haematuria [SEP] s treatment we observed 10 episodes of asymptomatic microscopic haematuria and no episodes of gross haematuria. In this group of 45 patien

Hematuria [SEP] Presence of blood in the urine.


bladder irritation [SEP] l patients developed either gross haematuria and/or symptoms of bladder irritation (cystitis and pollakisuria). There were no appreciable differen


cystitis [SEP]  either gross haematuria and/or symptoms of bladder irritation (cystitis and pollakisuria). There were no appreciable differences betwee

Cystitis [SEP] Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful


pollakisuria [SEP]  haematuria and/or symptoms of bladder irritation (cystitis and pollakisuria). There were no appreciable differences between the MESNA serie

Urination Disorders [SEP] Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and comp


toxicity [SEP] d sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulphonate (MESNA) against urothelial toxicity induced by ifosfamide (IF) was tested in a group of 45 patients

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


hypaque 76 [SEP] Time course alterations of QTC interval due to hypaque 76.

urovision [SEP]


hypaque 76 [SEP] seconds and one, three, five and ten minutes after injection of hypaque 76. The subjects were ten patients found to have normal left ventr

urovision [SEP]


QTC prolongation [SEP]  have normal left ventricles and coronary arteries. Significant QTC prolongation occurred in 30 seconds to one minute in association with marked

Long QT Syndrome [SEP] A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by


hypotension [SEP] occurred in 30 seconds to one minute in association with marked hypotension and elevation of cardiac output.

Hypotension [SEP] Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DI


prostate cancer [SEP] Production of autochthonous prostate cancer in Lobund-Wistar rats by treatments with N-nitroso-N-methylurea

Prostatic Neoplasms [SEP] Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.


N-nitroso-N-methylurea [SEP] honous prostate cancer in Lobund-Wistar rats by treatments with N-nitroso-N-methylurea and testosterone.

Methylnitrosourea [SEP] A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.


testosterone [SEP] obund-Wistar rats by treatments with N-nitroso-N-methylurea and testosterone.

Testosterone [SEP] A potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEIN


prostate adenocarcinomas [SEP] 0% of Lobund-Wistar (L-W) strain rats developed large, palpable prostate adenocarcinomas (PAs) following treatments with N-nitroso-N-methylurea (CAS: 68


PAs [SEP] strain rats developed large, palpable prostate adenocarcinomas (PAs) following treatments with N-nitroso-N-methylurea (CAS: 684-93-


N-nitroso-N-methylurea [SEP] lpable prostate adenocarcinomas (PAs) following treatments with N-nitroso-N-methylurea (CAS: 684-93-5) and testosterone propionate [(TP) CAS: 57-85-2]


testosterone propionate [SEP] wing treatments with N-nitroso-N-methylurea (CAS: 684-93-5) and testosterone propionate [(TP) CAS: 57-85-2], and most of the tumor-bearing rats manifes

Testosterone Propionate [SEP] An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.


TP [SEP] roso-N-methylurea (CAS: 684-93-5) and testosterone propionate [(TP) CAS: 57-85-2], and most of the tumor-bearing rats manifested m


tumor [SEP] nd testosterone propionate [(TP) CAS: 57-85-2], and most of the tumor-bearing rats manifested metastatic lesions. The incubation peri

Neoplasms [SEP] New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and me


PA [SEP] strain rats developed large, palpable prostate adenocarcinomas (PAs) following treatments with N-nitroso-N-methylurea (CAS: 684-93


prostate cancer [SEP]  enhancement agent, with primary emphasis on the development of prostate cancer.


dystonia [SEP] A dystonia-like syndrome after neuropeptide (MSH/ACTH) stimulation of the

Dystonia [SEP] An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often aff


MSH [SEP] A dystonia-like syndrome after neuropeptide (MSH/ACTH) stimulation of the rat locus ceruleus.

Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones [SEP] Peptides with the ability to stimulate pigmented cells MELANOCYTES in mammals and MELANOPHORES in lower vertebrates. By stimulat


ACTH [SEP] A dystonia-like syndrome after neuropeptide (MSH/ACTH) stimulation of the rat locus ceruleus.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone [SEP] An anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the ADRENAL CORTEX and its production of CORTICOSTEROIDS. ACTH is a 39-amino acid


movement disorder [SEP] The movement disorder investigated in these studies has some features in common with

Movement Disorders [SEP] Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerati


dystonia [SEP] these studies has some features in common with human idiopathic dystonia, and information obtained in these studies may be of potential


ACTH [SEP]  as to the following: (a) what receptors were stimulated by the ACTH N-terminal fragments at the LC that resulted in this disorder;


depression [SEP]  the ceruleo-cerebellar pathway, did indeed cause the long-term depression at Purkinje cell synapses (previously described by others) that

Depressive Disorder [SEP] An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood distur


Dexmedetomidine [SEP] Dexmedetomidine, acting through central alpha-2 adrenoceptors, prevents opiate-

Dexmedetomidine [SEP] A imidazole derivative that is an agonist of ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS. It is closely-related to MEDETOMIDINE, which is the r


muscle rigidity [SEP]  through central alpha-2 adrenoceptors, prevents opiate-induced muscle rigidity in the rat.

Muscle Rigidity [SEP] Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. When an affected m


dexmedetomidine [SEP] The highly-selective alpha-2 adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine (D-MED) is capable of inducing muscle flaccidity and anesthesia


D-MED [SEP] he highly-selective alpha-2 adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine (D-MED) is capable of inducing muscle flaccidity and anesthesia in rat


muscle flaccidity [SEP] renergic agonist dexmedetomidine (D-MED) is capable of inducing muscle flaccidity and anesthesia in rats and dogs. Intense generalized muscle rig

Muscle Hypotonia [SEP] A diminution of the skeletal muscle tone marked by a diminished resistance to passive stretching.


muscle rigidity [SEP] flaccidity and anesthesia in rats and dogs. Intense generalized muscle rigidity is an undesirable side effect of potent opiate agonists. Althou


rigidity [SEP] ity and anesthesia in rats and dogs. Intense generalized muscle rigidity is an undesirable side effect of potent opiate agonists. Althou


alfentanil [SEP] ent with D-MED prevents the muscle rigidity caused by high-dose alfentanil anesthesia in the rat. Animals (n = 42) were treated intraperit

Alfentanil [SEP] A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recov


medetomidine [SEP] The highly-selective alpha-2 adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine (D-MED) is capable of inducing muscle flaccidity and anesthesia

Medetomidine [SEP] An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is


idazoxan [SEP] D [30 micrograms/kg] and the central-acting alpha-2 antagonist, idazoxan [10 mg/kg]; 5) D-MED [30 micrograms/kg] and the peripheral-acti

Idazoxan [SEP] A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.


DG-5128 [SEP] [30 micrograms/kg] and the peripheral-acting alpha-2 antagonist DG-5128 [10 mg/kg], or; 6) saline. Baseline electromyographic activity

midaglizole [SEP]


ALF [SEP] ter drug treatment. Each rat was then injected with alfentanil (ALF, 0.5 mg/kg sc). ALF injection resulted in a marked increase in


akinetic [SEP] not given any opiate. The high-dose D-MED animals were flaccid, akinetic, and lacked a startle response during the entire experimental p

Hypokinesia [SEP] Slow or diminished movement of body musculature. It may be associated with BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; MENTAL DISORDERS; prolonged i


startle [SEP] he high-dose D-MED animals were flaccid, akinetic, and lacked a startle response during the entire experimental period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCA

Reflex, Abnormal [SEP] An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased,


Seizure [SEP] Seizure activity with imipenem therapy: incidence and risk factors.

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


imipenem [SEP] Seizure activity with imipenem therapy: incidence and risk factors.

Imipenem [SEP] Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and


cerebral vascular accident [SEP] Two elderly patients with a history of either cerebral vascular accident (CVA) or head trauma and no evidence of renal disease developed

Stroke [SEP] A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA o


CVA [SEP] y patients with a history of either cerebral vascular accident (CVA) or head trauma and no evidence of renal disease developed seiz


head trauma [SEP] ts with a history of either cerebral vascular accident (CVA) or head trauma and no evidence of renal disease developed seizures while recei

Craniocerebral Trauma [SEP] Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structure


renal disease [SEP] ebral vascular accident (CVA) or head trauma and no evidence of renal disease developed seizures while receiving maximum doses of imipenem/ci

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


seizures [SEP] (CVA) or head trauma and no evidence of renal disease developed seizures while receiving maximum doses of imipenem/cilastatin. Neither p


imipenem/cilastatin [SEP] nal disease developed seizures while receiving maximum doses of imipenem/cilastatin. Neither patient had reported previous seizures or seizure-like

cilastatin, imipenem drug combination [SEP]


seizure [SEP] (CVA) or head trauma and no evidence of renal disease developed seizures while receiving maximum doses of imipenem/cilastatin. Neither


phenytoin [SEP]  agents. All seizures were controlled with therapeutic doses of phenytoin. Both patients had received maximum doses of other beta-lactam

Phenytoin [SEP] An anticonvulsant that is used to treat a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mec


beta-lactam [SEP] of phenytoin. Both patients had received maximum doses of other beta-lactam antibiotics without evidence of seizure activity.

beta-Lactams [SEP] Four-membered cyclic AMIDES, best known for the PENICILLINS based on a bicyclo-thiazolidine, as well as the CEPHALOSPORINS based


streptozotocin [SEP] se or prevent the changes in urinary bladder function caused by streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.

Streptozocin [SEP] An antibiotic that is produced by Stretomyces achromogenes. It is used as an antineoplastic agent and to induce diabetes in expe


diabetes mellitus [SEP] es in urinary bladder function caused by streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes Mellitus [SEP] A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.


streptozotocin [SEP] n treatment on in vivo and in vitro urinary bladder function in streptozotocin-diabetic rats were investigated. 2. Diabetes of 2 months durati


diabetic [SEP] in vivo and in vitro urinary bladder function in streptozotocin-diabetic rats were investigated. 2. Diabetes of 2 months duration result


Diabetes [SEP]  function in streptozotocin-diabetic rats were investigated. 2. Diabetes of 2 months duration resulted in decreases in body weight and i


ATP [SEP] of bladder body strips from diabetic rats to nerve stimulation, ATP, and bethanechol. 4. Diabetes of 4 months duration also resulte

Adenosine Triphosphate [SEP] An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in meta


bethanechol [SEP] r body strips from diabetic rats to nerve stimulation, ATP, and bethanechol. 4. Diabetes of 4 months duration also resulted in decreases in

Bethanechol [SEP] A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone,


diabetes [SEP] 6. The data indicate that the effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on urinary bladder function are both prevented and reversed by


hypertension [SEP] Delayed institution of hypertension during focal cerebral ischemia: effect on brain edema.

Hypertension [SEP] Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is c


cerebral ischemia [SEP] Delayed institution of hypertension during focal cerebral ischemia: effect on brain edema.

Brain Ischemia [SEP] Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs


brain edema [SEP] ution of hypertension during focal cerebral ischemia: effect on brain edema.

Brain Edema [SEP] Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular f


hypertension [SEP] The effect of induced hypertension instituted after a 2-h delay following middle cerebral artery o


middle cerebral artery occlusion [SEP]  of induced hypertension instituted after a 2-h delay following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) on brain edema formation and histochemical injury was st

Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [SEP] NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CE


MCAO [SEP] d after a 2-h delay following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) on brain edema formation and histochemical injury was studied.


brain edema [SEP]  2-h delay following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) on brain edema formation and histochemical injury was studied. Under isofluran


isoflurane [SEP] ain edema formation and histochemical injury was studied. Under isoflurane anesthesia, the MCA of 14 spontaneously hypertensive rats was o

Isoflurane [SEP] A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.


hypertensive [SEP] udied. Under isoflurane anesthesia, the MCA of 14 spontaneously hypertensive rats was occluded. In the control group (n = 7), the mean arter


ischemia [SEP] ere sectioned along coronal planes spanning the distribution of ischemia produced by MCAO. Specific gravity (SG) was determined in the s

Ischemia [SEP] A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS,


ischemic [SEP] ortex and in two sites in the cortex (core and periphery of the ischemic territory). The extent of neuronal injury was determined by 2,3


neuronal injury [SEP] x (core and periphery of the ischemic territory). The extent of neuronal injury was determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium staining. In the i

Nerve Degeneration [SEP] Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction o


2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium [SEP] mic territory). The extent of neuronal injury was determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium staining. In the ischemic core, there was no difference in SG i

triphenyltetrazolium [SEP]


edema [SEP] elay following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) on brain edema formation and histochemical injury was studied. Under isofluran

Edema [SEP] Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.


phenylephrine [SEP]  +/- 3% vs 21 +/- 2%, P less than 0.05). The data indicate that phenylephrine-induced hypertension instituted 2 h after MCAO does not aggrava

Phenylephrine [SEP] An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.


neuronal dysfunction [SEP] chemic territory, and that it reduces the area of histochemical neuronal dysfunction.


Amiodarone [SEP] Amiodarone pulmonary toxicity.

Amiodarone [SEP] An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibitin


pulmonary toxicity [SEP] Amiodarone pulmonary toxicity.

Lung Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.


Amiodarone [SEP] Amiodarone is an effective antiarrhythmic agent whose utility is limited b


pneumonitis [SEP] ity is limited by many side-effects, the most problematic being pneumonitis. The pulmonary toxicity of amiodarone is thought to result from

Pneumonia [SEP] Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.


pulmonary toxicity [SEP]  many side-effects, the most problematic being pneumonitis. The pulmonary toxicity of amiodarone is thought to result from direct injury related t


amiodarone [SEP] e most problematic being pneumonitis. The pulmonary toxicity of amiodarone is thought to result from direct injury related to the intracel


hypersensitivity [SEP]  intracellular accumulation of phospholipid and T cell-mediated hypersensitivity pneumonitis. The clinical and radiographic features of amiodaro

Drug Hypersensitivity [SEP] Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.


pneumonitis [SEP] ity is limited by many side-effects, the most problematic being pneumonitis. The pulmonary toxicity of amiodarone is thought to result from

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic [SEP] A common interstitial lung disease caused by hypersensitivity reactions of PULMONARY ALVEOLI after inhalation of and sensitizati


heart failure [SEP] . The diagnosis depends on exclusion of other entities, such as heart failure, infection, and malignancy. While withdrawal of amiodarone lead

Heart Failure [SEP] A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Hear


infection [SEP]  depends on exclusion of other entities, such as heart failure, infection, and malignancy. While withdrawal of amiodarone leads to clinic

Infection [SEP] Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.


malignancy [SEP] lusion of other entities, such as heart failure, infection, and malignancy. While withdrawal of amiodarone leads to clinical improvement i

Neoplasms [SEP] New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and me


steroid [SEP] not always possible or advisable. Dose reduction or concomitant steroid therapy may have a role in selected patients.

Steroids [SEP] A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precurso


proteinuria [SEP] Light chain proteinuria and cellular mediated immunity in rifampin treated patients wit

Proteinuria [SEP] The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.


rifampin [SEP] Light chain proteinuria and cellular mediated immunity in rifampin treated patients with tuberculosis.

Rifampin [SEP] A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity ag


tuberculosis [SEP] nd cellular mediated immunity in rifampin treated patients with tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis [SEP] Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM.


proteinuria [SEP] Light chain proteinuria was found in 9 of 17 tuberculosis patients treated with rifampi


tuberculosis [SEP] Light chain proteinuria was found in 9 of 17 tuberculosis patients treated with rifampin. Concomitant assay of cellular m


rifampin [SEP] einuria was found in 9 of 17 tuberculosis patients treated with rifampin. Concomitant assay of cellular mediated immunity in these patie


tuberculous [SEP] nts to phytomitogen (PHA-P). as well as of those of seven other tuberculous patients. This last finding may be related to time of testing a


potassium [SEP] Initial potassium loss and hypokalaemia during chlorthalidone administration in p

Potassium [SEP] An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cat


hypokalaemia [SEP] Initial potassium loss and hypokalaemia during chlorthalidone administration in patients with essential

Hypokalemia [SEP] Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointest


chlorthalidone [SEP] Initial potassium loss and hypokalaemia during chlorthalidone administration in patients with essential hypertension: the inf

Chlorthalidone [SEP] A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.


hypertension [SEP] during chlorthalidone administration in patients with essential hypertension: the influence of dietary sodium restriction.

Hypertension [SEP] Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is c


sodium [SEP]  patients with essential hypertension: the influence of dietary sodium restriction.

Sodium [SEP] A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.


potassium [SEP] To investigate the initial potassium loss and development of hypokalaemia during the administration


hypokalaemia [SEP] To investigate the initial potassium loss and development of hypokalaemia during the administration of an oral diuretic, metabolic balanc


hypertension [SEP] c balance studies were performed in ten patients with essential hypertension who had shown hypokalaemia under prior oral diuretic treatment.


Chlorthalidone [SEP] who had shown hypokalaemia under prior oral diuretic treatment. Chlorthalidone (50 mg daily) was given for 14 days. Six patients received a no


sodium [SEP] mg daily) was given for 14 days. Six patients received a normal-sodium diet and four a low-sodium (17 mmol/day) diet. All patients had


aldosterone [SEP] yte balances, weight, bromide space, plasma renin activity, and aldosterone secretion rate were measured. In both groups a potassium defici

Aldosterone [SEP] A hormone secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX that regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodiu


angiotensin [SEP] otassium loss, presumably by an increased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, while sodium delivery to the distal renal t

Angiotensins [SEP] Oligopeptides which are important in the regulation of blood pressure (VASOCONSTRICTION) and fluid homeostasis via the RENIN-ANG


acute renal failure [SEP] Dynamic response of blood vessel in acute renal failure.

Acute Kidney Injury [SEP] Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney


acute renal failure [SEP] In this study we postulated that during acute renal failure induced by gentamicin the transient or dynamic response of bloo


gentamicin [SEP]  study we postulated that during acute renal failure induced by gentamicin the transient or dynamic response of blood vessels could be aff

Gentamicins [SEP] A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum


vitamin C [SEP] essure in gentamicin-treated animals. The beneficial effects of vitamin C administration to gentamicin-treated animals are also confirmed

Ascorbic Acid [SEP] A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essent


urea [SEP] reated animals are also confirmed through: lower level of blood urea and creatinine and higher level of potassium. The pressure dyna

Urea [SEP] A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of prote


creatinine [SEP] imals are also confirmed through: lower level of blood urea and creatinine and higher level of potassium. The pressure dynamic responses o

Creatinine [SEP]


potassium [SEP] h: lower level of blood urea and creatinine and higher level of potassium. The pressure dynamic responses of isolated blood vessels show


Vitamin C [SEP] entamicin-treated animals (8.07 +/- 1.7 s vs. 5.64 +/- 0.18 s). Vitamin C administration induced slowdown of pressure change back to the


oxytocin [SEP] The hemodynamics of oxytocin and other vasoactive agents during neuraxial anesthesia for ces

Oxytocin [SEP] A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino a


Oxytocin [SEP] Oxytocin is a commonly used uterotonic that can cause significant and ev


hypotension [SEP] monly used uterotonic that can cause significant and even fatal hypotension, particularly when given as a bolus. The resulting hypotension

Hypotension [SEP] Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DI


stroke [SEP] this hypotension with a compensatory increase in heart rate and stroke volume. Oxytocin-induced hypotension at cesarean delivery may b

Stroke [SEP] A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA o


blood loss [SEP] potension at cesarean delivery may be incorrectly attributed to blood loss. Pulse power analysis (also called "pulse contour analysis") of

Postpartum Hemorrhage [SEP] Excess blood loss from uterine bleeding associated with OBSTETRIC LABOR or CHILDBIRTH. It is defined as blood loss greater than


Hypotension [SEP] ases of cesarean delivery performed under neuraxial anesthesia. Hypotension in response to oxytocin was associated with a decrease in syste


oxytocin [SEP] erformed under neuraxial anesthesia. Hypotension in response to oxytocin was associated with a decrease in systemic vascular resistance


cyclophosphamide [SEP] n vasoactive intestinal polypeptide knockout (VIP-/-) mice with cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis.

Cyclophosphamide [SEP] Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the LIVER to fo


CYP [SEP] tinal polypeptide knockout (VIP-/-) mice with cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis.


cystitis [SEP] tide knockout (VIP-/-) mice with cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis.

Cystitis [SEP] Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful


cyclophosphamide [SEP] tion and neurochemical properties in micturition pathways after cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis. Given VIP's role as an anti-inflammator


CYP [SEP] ical properties in micturition pathways after cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis. Given VIP's role as an anti-inflammatory med


cystitis [SEP] es in micturition pathways after cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis. Given VIP's role as an anti-inflammatory mediator, we hypothes


bladder inflammation [SEP] o 5-fold increase). The data suggest that in VIP(-/-) mice with bladder inflammation, inflammatory mediators are increased above that observed in WT

Urinary Bladder Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the URINARY BLADDER.


bladder dysfunction [SEP]  WT with CYP. This shift in balance may contribute to increased bladder dysfunction in VIP(-/-) mice with bladder inflammation and altered neuroche


uveitis [SEP] Intraocular pressure in patients with uveitis treated with fluocinolone acetonide implants.

Uveitis [SEP] Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera


fluocinolone acetonide [SEP] Intraocular pressure in patients with uveitis treated with fluocinolone acetonide implants.

Fluocinolone Acetonide [SEP] A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, l


elevated intraocular pressure [SEP] OBJECTIVE: To report the incidence and management of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with uveitis treated with the fluocinolone ac

Ocular Hypertension [SEP] A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma.


uveitis [SEP] agement of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with uveitis treated with the fluocinolone acetonide (FA) intravitreal impla


fluocinolone acetonide [SEP] ocular pressure (IOP) in patients with uveitis treated with the fluocinolone acetonide (FA) intravitreal implant. DESIGN: Pooled data from 3 multicent


FA [SEP]  patients with uveitis treated with the fluocinolone acetonide (FA) intravitreal implant. DESIGN: Pooled data from 3 multicenter,


hypotony [SEP] OP-lowering medication) in 85.1% of eyes at 1 year. The rate of hypotony (IOP </= 5 mm Hg) following IOP-lowering surgery (42.5%) was no

Ocular Hypotension [SEP] Abnormally low intraocular pressure often related to chronic inflammation (uveitis).


Parkinson's disease [SEP] A resurgence of interest in the surgical treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) came with the rediscovery of posteroventral pallidotomy by

Parkinson Disease [SEP] A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency


PD [SEP] e of interest in the surgical treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) came with the rediscovery of posteroventral pallidotomy by Lai


dyskinesias [SEP] iterature pallidotomy improves the "on" symptoms of PD, such as dyskinesias, as well as the "off" symptoms, such as rigidity, bradykinesia,

Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced [SEP] Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or


rigidity [SEP] PD, such as dyskinesias, as well as the "off" symptoms, such as rigidity, bradykinesia, and on-off fluctuations. Pallidal stimulation im

Muscle Rigidity [SEP] Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. When an affected m


bradykinesia [SEP] s dyskinesias, as well as the "off" symptoms, such as rigidity, bradykinesia, and on-off fluctuations. Pallidal stimulation improves bradyki

Hypokinesia [SEP] Slow or diminished movement of body musculature. It may be associated with BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; MENTAL DISORDERS; prolonged i


levodopa [SEP]  a minor extent; however, its strength seems to be in improving levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Stimulation often produces an improvement

Levodopa [SEP] The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can b


Dexatrim [SEP] Case report: Dexatrim (Phenylpropanolamine) as a cause of myocardial infarction.

Phenylpropanolamine [SEP] A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic


Phenylpropanolamine [SEP] Case report: Dexatrim (Phenylpropanolamine) as a cause of myocardial infarction.


myocardial infarction [SEP] Case report: Dexatrim (Phenylpropanolamine) as a cause of myocardial infarction.

Myocardial Infarction [SEP] NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).


Phenylpropanolamine [SEP] Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) is a sympathetic amine used in over-the-counter cold reme


PPA [SEP] Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) is a sympathetic amine used in over-the-counter cold remedies


amine [SEP] Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) is a sympathetic amine used in over-the-counter cold reme

Amines [SEP] A group of compounds derived from ammonia by substituting organic radicals for the hydrogens. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dic


hypertensive [SEP] ontrol preparations worldwide. Its use has been associated with hypertensive episodes and hemorrhagic strokes in younger women. Several repo

Hypertension [SEP] Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is c


hemorrhagic [SEP] ide. Its use has been associated with hypertensive episodes and hemorrhagic strokes in younger women. Several reports have linked the abuse

Hemorrhage [SEP] Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.


strokes [SEP]  has been associated with hypertensive episodes and hemorrhagic strokes in younger women. Several reports have linked the abuse of PPA

Stroke [SEP] A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA o


myocardial injury [SEP] ounger women. Several reports have linked the abuse of PPA with myocardial injury, especially when overdose is involved. We report here the first

Cardiomyopathies [SEP] A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classifi


overdose [SEP] linked the abuse of PPA with myocardial injury, especially when overdose is involved. We report here the first case of Dexatrim (PPA)-in

Drug Overdose [SEP] Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.


Dexatrim [SEP] lly when overdose is involved. We report here the first case of Dexatrim (PPA)-induced myocardial injury in a young woman who was using


Risperidone [SEP] Risperidone-associated, benign transient visual disturbances in schizophren

Risperidone [SEP] A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has


visual disturbances [SEP] Risperidone-associated, benign transient visual disturbances in schizophrenic patients with a past history of LSD abuse.

Perceptual Disorders [SEP] Cognitive disorders characterized by an impaired ability to perceive the nature of objects or concepts through use of the sense


schizophrenic [SEP] Risperidone-associated, benign transient visual disturbances in schizophrenic patients with a past history of LSD abuse.

Schizophrenia [SEP] A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALL


LSD [SEP] l disturbances in schizophrenic patients with a past history of LSD abuse.

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide [SEP] Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at s


schizophrenic [SEP] Two schizophrenic patients, who had a prior history of LSD abuse and who had prev


LSD [SEP] Two schizophrenic patients, who had a prior history of LSD abuse and who had previously developed EPS with classic antipsy


EPS [SEP] d a prior history of LSD abuse and who had previously developed EPS with classic antipsychotics, were successfully treated with ris

Basal Ganglia Diseases [SEP] Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (mos


risperidone [SEP] EPS with classic antipsychotics, were successfully treated with risperidone. They both reported short episodes of transient visual disturba


visual disturbances [SEP] ith risperidone. They both reported short episodes of transient visual disturbances, which appeared immediately after starting treatment with rispe


Risperidone [SEP] y experienced as "flashbacks" related to prior LSD consumption. Risperidone administration was continued and the visual disturbances gradua


poly(ADP-ribose) [SEP] Activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase contributes to development of doxorubicin-induced he

Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose [SEP] A polynucleotide formed from the ADP-RIBOSE moiety of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASES.


doxorubicin [SEP] on of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase contributes to development of doxorubicin-induced heart failure.

Doxorubicin [SEP] Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN.


heart failure [SEP] e) polymerase contributes to development of doxorubicin-induced heart failure.

Heart Failure [SEP] A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Hear


poly(ADP-ribose) [SEP] Activation of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) by oxidant-mediated DNA damage is an importan


cardiotoxicity [SEP]  Increased oxidative stress is a major factor implicated in the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX), a widely used antitumor anthracycline ant

Cardiotoxicity [SEP] Damage to the heart or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY;


doxorubicin [SEP] ve stress is a major factor implicated in the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX), a widely used antitumor anthracycline antibiotic. Thus,


DOX [SEP] a major factor implicated in the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX), a widely used antitumor anthracycline antibiotic. Thus, we hy


anthracycline [SEP] he cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX), a widely used antitumor anthracycline antibiotic. Thus, we hypothesized that the activation of PARP m

Anthracyclines [SEP] Organic compounds that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daun


PJ34 [SEP] macological inhibition with the phenanthridinone PARP inhibitor PJ34, we now demonstrate the role of PARP in the development of card

N-(oxo-5,6-dihydrophenanthridin-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylacetamide hydrochloride [SEP]


cardiac dysfunction [SEP] PJ34, we now demonstrate the role of PARP in the development of cardiac dysfunction induced by DOX. PARP-1+/+ and PARP-1-/- mice received a single

Heart Diseases [SEP] Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.


lactate [SEP] J34 significantly reduced the DOX-induced increase in the serum lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase activities but not metallopro

Lactic Acid [SEP] A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent


creatine [SEP] the DOX-induced increase in the serum lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase activities but not metalloproteinase activation in the h

Creatine [SEP] An amino acid that occurs in vertebrate tissues and in urine. In muscle tissue, creatine generally occurs as phosphocreatine. Cr


cardiac complications [SEP]  may exert protective effects against the development of severe cardiac complications associated with the DOX treatment.

Cardiac Complexes, Premature [SEP] A group of cardiac arrhythmias in which the cardiac contractions are not initiated at the SINOATRIAL NODE. They include both atr


Fluconazole [SEP] Fluconazole-induced torsade de pointes.

Fluconazole [SEP] Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.


torsade de pointes [SEP] Fluconazole-induced torsade de pointes.

Torsades de Pointes [SEP] A malignant form of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that is characterized by HEART RATE between 200 and 250 beats per minute


fluconazole [SEP] OBJECTIVE: To present a case of fluconazole-associated torsade de pointes (TDP) and discuss fluconazole's r


torsade de pointes [SEP] OBJECTIVE: To present a case of fluconazole-associated torsade de pointes (TDP) and discuss fluconazole's role in causing TDP. CASE SUMMA


TDP [SEP] To present a case of fluconazole-associated torsade de pointes (TDP) and discuss fluconazole's role in causing TDP. CASE SUMMARY: A


coronary artery disease [SEP] nazole The patient had no other risk factors for TDP, including coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, and electrolyte abno

Coronary Artery Disease [SEP] Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerot


cardiomyopathy [SEP]  other risk factors for TDP, including coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, and electrolyte abnormalities There

Cardiomyopathies [SEP] A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classifi


congestive heart failure [SEP] ors for TDP, including coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, and electrolyte abnormalities There was a temporal association


premature ventricular contractions [SEP] nazole was discontinued; however, the patient continued to have premature ventricular contractions and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) until six days

Ventricular Premature Complexes [SEP] A type of cardiac arrhythmia with premature contractions of the HEART VENTRICLES. It is characterized by the premature QRS compl


ventricular tachycardia [SEP] ued to have premature ventricular contractions and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) until six days after drug cessation DISCUSSION: Use of t

Tachycardia, Ventricular [SEP] An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the


NSVT [SEP] tricular contractions and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) until six days after drug cessation DISCUSSION: Use of the Nar


depression [SEP] uconazole and the development of TDP. The possible mechanism is depression of rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium currents. In

Depressive Disorder [SEP] An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood distur


potassium [SEP] mechanism is depression of rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium currents. In our patient, there was no other etiology identifie

Potassium [SEP] An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cat


QT prolongation [SEP] ient, there was no other etiology identified that could explain QT prolongation or TDP The complete disappearance of NSVT and premature ventric

Long QT Syndrome [SEP] A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by


prolongation of the QT interval [SEP]  should be aware that fluconazole, even at low doses, may cause prolongation of the QT interval, leading to TDP. Serial electrocardiographic monitoring may be


ventricular arrhythmias [SEP] hen fluconazole is administered in patients who are at risk for ventricular arrhythmias.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac [SEP] Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by


methylprednisolone [SEP] High-dose methylprednisolone may do more harm for spinal cord injury.

Methylprednisolone [SEP] A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.


spinal cord injury [SEP] High-dose methylprednisolone may do more harm for spinal cord injury.

Spinal Cord Injuries [SEP] Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHI


Spinal Cord Injury [SEP] Because of the National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Studies (NASCIS), high-dose methylprednisolone became the stand


methylprednisolone [SEP] e National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Studies (NASCIS), high-dose methylprednisolone became the standard of care for the acute spinal cord injury. I


spinal cord injury [SEP] se methylprednisolone became the standard of care for the acute spinal cord injury. In the NASCIS, there was no mention regarding the possibility


corticosteroid [SEP] NASCIS, there was no mention regarding the possibility of acute corticosteroid myopathy that high-dose methylprednisolone may cause. The dosag

Adrenal Cortex Hormones [SEP]


myopathy [SEP] as no mention regarding the possibility of acute corticosteroid myopathy that high-dose methylprednisolone may cause. The dosage of meth

Muscular Diseases [SEP] Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.


steroids [SEP] prednisolone recommended by the NASCIS 3 is the highest dose of steroids ever being used during a 2-day period for any clinical conditio

Steroids [SEP] A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precurso


damage to the muscle [SEP] r any clinical condition. We hypothesize that it may cause some damage to the muscle of spinal cord injury patients. Further, steroid myopathy recov


steroid [SEP]  there was no mention regarding the possibility of acute corticosteroid myopathy that high-dose methylprednisolone may cause. The dosag


Alzheimer's disease [SEP] cits in central cholinergic functioning due to diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, yet correlations between central and peripheral responses have

Alzheimer Disease [SEP] A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention


tropicamide [SEP] died. This study assessed the effect of normal aging on (1) the tropicamide-induced increase in pupil diameter, and (2) the reversal of thi

Tropicamide [SEP] One of the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS with pharmacologic action similar to ATROPINE and used mainly as an ophthalmic parasympatholyt


pilocarpine [SEP] ase in pupil diameter, and (2) the reversal of this effect with pilocarpine. Scopolamine was used as a positive control to detect age-depen

Pilocarpine [SEP] A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glauco


Scopolamine [SEP] diameter, and (2) the reversal of this effect with pilocarpine. Scopolamine was used as a positive control to detect age-dependent changes

Scopolamine Hydrobromide [SEP] An alkaloid from SOLANACEAE, especially DATURA and SCOPOLIA. Scopolamine and its quaternary derivatives act as antimuscarinics l


scopolamine [SEP] in a randomized order. In 2 separate sessions, a single dose of scopolamine (0.5 mg, intravenously) or placebo was administered, and the ef


impairment in word recall [SEP] inistration of tropicamide and pilocarpine; scopolamine-induced impairment in word recall. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between elderly a

Memory Disorders [SEP] Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory


Acetazolamide [SEP] Acetazolamide-induced Gerstmann syndrome.

Acetazolamide [SEP] One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an


Gerstmann syndrome [SEP] Acetazolamide-induced Gerstmann syndrome.

Gerstmann Syndrome [SEP] A disorder of cognition characterized by the tetrad of finger agnosia, dysgraphia, DYSCALCULIA, and right-left disorientation. T


confusion [SEP] Acute confusion induced by acetazolamide is a well known adverse drug reaction

Confusion [SEP] A mental state characterized by bewilderment, emotional disturbance, lack of clear thinking, and perceptual disorientation.


acetazolamide [SEP] Acute confusion induced by acetazolamide is a well known adverse drug reaction in patients with renal im


renal impairment [SEP] zolamide is a well known adverse drug reaction in patients with renal impairment. We report a case of acetazolamide-induced Gerstmann syndrome i

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


Gerstmann syndrome [SEP] ith renal impairment. We report a case of acetazolamide-induced Gerstmann syndrome in a patient with normal renal function, to highlight predispos


Hypomania [SEP] Hypomania-like syndrome induced by olanzapine.

Bipolar Disorder [SEP] A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and rec


olanzapine [SEP] Hypomania-like syndrome induced by olanzapine.

olanzapine [SEP]


psychotic disorder [SEP]  a female patient with a diagnosis of a not otherwise specified psychotic disorder (DSM-IV) who developed hypomania shortly after the introduction

Psychotic Disorders [SEP] Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent halluc


hypomania [SEP] t otherwise specified psychotic disorder (DSM-IV) who developed hypomania shortly after the introduction of olanzapine treatment.


olanzapine [SEP] M-IV) who developed hypomania shortly after the introduction of olanzapine treatment.

olanzapine [SEP]


superoxide [SEP] Neutrophil superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production in patients with acute liver f

Superoxides [SEP] Highly reactive compounds produced when oxygen is reduced by a single electron. In biological systems, they may be generated dur


hydrogen peroxide [SEP] Neutrophil superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production in patients with acute liver failure.

Hydrogen Peroxide [SEP] A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unst


acute liver failure [SEP] il superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production in patients with acute liver failure.

Liver Failure, Acute [SEP] A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of H


superoxide [SEP] Defects in superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production may be implicated in the high


hydrogen peroxide [SEP] Defects in superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production may be implicated in the high incidence of bacterial


bacterial infections [SEP]  peroxide production may be implicated in the high incidence of bacterial infections in patients with acute liver failure (ALF). In the present stud

Bacterial Infections [SEP] Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.


acute liver failure [SEP]  in the high incidence of bacterial infections in patients with acute liver failure (ALF). In the present study, oxygen radical production in patie


ALF [SEP] e of bacterial infections in patients with acute liver failure (ALF). In the present study, oxygen radical production in patients w


oxygen [SEP]  patients with acute liver failure (ALF). In the present study, oxygen radical production in patients with ALF due to paracetamol over

Oxygen [SEP] An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on ear


paracetamol [SEP] nt study, oxygen radical production in patients with ALF due to paracetamol overdose was compared with that of healthy volunteers. Neutroph

Acetaminophen [SEP] Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but


overdose [SEP] ygen radical production in patients with ALF due to paracetamol overdose was compared with that of healthy volunteers. Neutrophils from

Drug Overdose [SEP] Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.


Superoxide [SEP] nt receptors using zymosan opsonized with ALF or control serum. Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production by ALF neutrophils stimulated


formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine [SEP] and hydrogen peroxide production in neutrophils stimulated with formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) from a further 18 ALF patients was unaffected compared w

N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine [SEP] A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocy


fMLP [SEP] trophils stimulated with formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) from a further 18 ALF patients was unaffected compared with co


sertraline [SEP] Absence of effect of sertraline on time-based sensitization of cognitive impairment with halope

Sertraline [SEP] A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.


cognitive impairment [SEP] Absence of effect of sertraline on time-based sensitization of cognitive impairment with haloperidol.

Cognition Disorders [SEP] Disturbances in the mental process related to thinking, reasoning, and judgment.