scopolamine [SEP] In patients premedicated with scopolamine + morphine (+5 mg nitrazepam the evening before surgery), the s

Scopolamine Hydrobromide [SEP] An alkaloid from SOLANACEAE, especially DATURA and SCOPOLIA. Scopolamine and its quaternary derivatives act as antimuscarinics l


morphine [SEP] In patients premedicated with scopolamine + morphine (+5 mg nitrazepam the evening before surgery), the sleep-induci

Morphine [SEP] The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central


nitrazepam [SEP] In patients premedicated with scopolamine + morphine (+5 mg nitrazepam the evening before surgery), the sleep-inducing effect of midaz

Nitrazepam [SEP] A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.


midazolam [SEP] zepam the evening before surgery), the sleep-inducing effect of midazolam 0.15 mg/kg i.v. was clearly slower in onset than that of thiope

Midazolam [SEP] A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endosco


thiopentone [SEP] azolam 0.15 mg/kg i.v. was clearly slower in onset than that of thiopentone 4.67 mg/kg i.v. Somewhat fewer cardiovascular and local sequela

Thiopental [SEP] A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anest


apnoea [SEP] local sequelae were found in the midazolam group, but, although apnoea occurred less often in the midazolam group it lasted longer. On

Apnea [SEP] A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.


Midazolam [SEP] idazolam and thiopentone had no apparent clinical consequences. Midazolam is a new alternative agent for induction in combination anaesth


Cardiotoxic [SEP] Cardiotoxic and possible leukemogenic effects of adriamycin in nonhuman pri

Cardiotoxicity [SEP] Damage to the heart or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY;


adriamycin [SEP] Cardiotoxic and possible leukemogenic effects of adriamycin in nonhuman primates.

Doxorubicin [SEP] Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN.


adriamycin [SEP] 10 monkeys (macaques) received adriamycin by monthly intravenous injections at 12 mg/m2 (1 mg/kg). 8 of t


congestive heart failure [SEP] injections at 12 mg/m2 (1 mg/kg). 8 of the 10 monkeys developed congestive heart failure at an average cumulative adriamycin dose (310 mg/m2) well below

Heart Failure [SEP] A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Hear


myocardial lesions [SEP] ed the safe upper limit (550 mg/m2) in man. Histologically, the myocardial lesions resembled those found in human anthracycline-induced cardiomyop

Blister [SEP] Visible accumulations of fluid within or beneath the epidermis.


anthracycline [SEP] ogically, the myocardial lesions resembled those found in human anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. 1 of the 10 monkeys developed acute mye

Anthracyclines [SEP] Organic compounds that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daun


cardiomyopathy [SEP] al lesions resembled those found in human anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. 1 of the 10 monkeys developed acute myeloblastic leukemia afte

Cardiomyopathies [SEP] A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classifi


acute myeloblastic leukemia [SEP] racycline-induced cardiomyopathy. 1 of the 10 monkeys developed acute myeloblastic leukemia after receiving 324 mg/m2 of adriamycin; the 10th monkey is ali

Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute [SEP] Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that


leukemia [SEP] ardiomyopathy. 1 of the 10 monkeys developed acute myeloblastic leukemia after receiving 324 mg/m2 of adriamycin; the 10th monkey is ali

Leukemia [SEP] A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukoc


Doxorubicin [SEP] Doxorubicin cardiomyopathy in children with left-sided Wilms tumor.


cardiomyopathy [SEP] Doxorubicin cardiomyopathy in children with left-sided Wilms tumor.


Wilms tumor [SEP] Doxorubicin cardiomyopathy in children with left-sided Wilms tumor.

Wilms Tumor [SEP] A malignant kidney tumor, caused by the uncontrolled multiplication of renal stem (blastemal), stromal (STROMAL CELLS), and epit


Wilms tumor [SEP] Two children with Wilms tumor of the left kidney experienced severe anthracycline cardiomyopa


anthracycline [SEP] children with Wilms tumor of the left kidney experienced severe anthracycline cardiomyopathy after irradiation to the tumor bed and conventio


cardiomyopathy [SEP] Wilms tumor of the left kidney experienced severe anthracycline cardiomyopathy after irradiation to the tumor bed and conventional dosage of d


tumor [SEP] Two children with Wilms tumor of the left kidney experienced severe anthracycline cardiomyopa

Neoplasms [SEP] New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and me


doxorubicin [SEP] y after irradiation to the tumor bed and conventional dosage of doxorubicin. The cardiomyopathy is attributed 1) to the fact that radiation


testosterone [SEP] Promotional effects of testosterone and dietary fat on prostate carcinogenesis in genetically susce

Testosterone [SEP] A potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEIN


carcinogenesis [SEP] Promotional effects of testosterone and dietary fat on prostate carcinogenesis in genetically susceptible rats.

Carcinogenesis [SEP] The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between


prostate adenocarcinomas [SEP] rain Wistar (LW) rats, fed vegetable diet L-485, have developed prostate adenocarcinomas spontaneously (10% incidence) at average age 34 months. Convent

Prostatic Neoplasms [SEP] Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.


testosterone [SEP]  at average age 34 months. Conventional LW rats, implanted with testosterone at age 4 months, developed a higher incidence of prostate cance


prostate cancer [SEP] h testosterone at age 4 months, developed a higher incidence of prostate cancer after an average interval of 14 months: 24% had developed gross


tumors [SEP] after an average interval of 14 months: 24% had developed gross tumors, and 40% when it included microscopic tumors. Preliminary resul


prostatitis [SEP] ats fed diet L-485 and treated with testosterone developed only prostatitis. Experimental designs should consider genetic susceptibility as

Prostatitis [SEP] Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the parenchyma of PROSTATE. The subtypes are classified by their varied laboratory analy


Mitomycin C [SEP] Mitomycin C associated hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Mitomycin [SEP] An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS caus


hemolytic uremic syndrome [SEP] Mitomycin C associated hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome [SEP] A syndrome that is associated with microvascular diseases of the KIDNEY, such as RENAL CORTICAL NECROSIS. It is characterized by


Mitomycin C [SEP] Mitomycin C associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) is a potentially fat


Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome [SEP] Mitomycin C associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) is a potentially fatal but uncommon condition that is not


HUS [SEP] Mitomycin C associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) is a potentially fatal but uncommon condition that is not yet


hemolytic anemia [SEP] t is not yet widely recognised. It consists of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and progressive renal failure associated with

Anemia, Hemolytic [SEP] A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red bl


thrombocytopenia [SEP] y recognised. It consists of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and progressive renal failure associated with mitomycin C treat

Thrombocytopenia [SEP] A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.


renal failure [SEP] oangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and progressive renal failure associated with mitomycin C treatment and affects about 10% of

Renal Insufficiency [SEP] Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain


mitomycin C [SEP]  thrombocytopenia and progressive renal failure associated with mitomycin C treatment and affects about 10% of patients treated with this a


pulmonary edema [SEP] nt and the mortality is approximately 60% from renal failure or pulmonary edema. Renal lesions are similar to those seen in idiopathic HUS and

Pulmonary Edema [SEP] Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary


Renal lesions [SEP] ity is approximately 60% from renal failure or pulmonary edema. Renal lesions are similar to those seen in idiopathic HUS and include arterio


thrombi [SEP] r to those seen in idiopathic HUS and include arteriolar fibrin thrombi, expanded subendothelial zones in glomerular capillary walls, i

Thrombosis [SEP] Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.


ischemic [SEP] i, expanded subendothelial zones in glomerular capillary walls, ischemic wrinkling of glomerular basement membranes and mesangiolysis. T

Ischemia [SEP] A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS,


gastric adenocarcinoma [SEP] inical course and pathological findings in a 65 yr-old man with gastric adenocarcinoma who developed renal failure and thrombocytopenia while on treat

Stomach Neoplasms [SEP] Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.


fluorouracil [SEP] Continuous ambulatory ECG monitoring during fluorouracil therapy: a prospective study.

Fluorouracil [SEP] A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTH


cardiac toxicity [SEP] Although there have been anecdotal reports of cardiac toxicity associated with fluorouracil (5-FU) therapy, this phenomenon ha

Cardiotoxicity [SEP] Damage to the heart or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY;


fluorouracil [SEP] have been anecdotal reports of cardiac toxicity associated with fluorouracil (5-FU) therapy, this phenomenon has not been studied in a syste


5-FU [SEP] dotal reports of cardiac toxicity associated with fluorouracil (5-FU) therapy, this phenomenon has not been studied in a systematic


tumors [SEP]  on 25 patients undergoing 5-FU infusion for treatment of solid tumors in order to assess the incidence of ischemic ST changes. Patien


ischemic [SEP] r treatment of solid tumors in order to assess the incidence of ischemic ST changes. Patients were monitored for 23 +/- 4 hours before 5


Anginal [SEP]  before 5-FU infusion, and 98 +/- 9 hours during 5-FU infusion. Anginal episodes were rare: only one patient had angina (during 5-FU in

Angina Pectoris [SEP] The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is


angina [SEP] 5-FU infusion. Anginal episodes were rare: only one patient had angina (during 5-FU infusion). However, asymptomatic ST changes (great


coronary artery disease [SEP] an .01). ECG changes were more common among patients with known coronary artery disease. There were two cases of sudden death, both of which occurred a

Coronary Artery Disease [SEP] Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerot


sudden death [SEP] nts with known coronary artery disease. There were two cases of sudden death, both of which occurred at the end of the chemotherapy course.

Death, Sudden [SEP] The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiov


ischemia [SEP] gnificant increase in silent ST segment deviation suggestive of ischemia, particularly among patients with coronary artery disease. The


anuria [SEP] Lethal anuria complicating high dose ifosfamide chemotherapy in a breast canc

Anuria [SEP] Absence of urine formation. It is usually associated with complete bilateral ureteral (URETER) obstruction, complete lower urina


ifosfamide [SEP] Lethal anuria complicating high dose ifosfamide chemotherapy in a breast cancer patient with an impaired renal

Ifosfamide [SEP] Positional isomer of CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE which is active as an alkylating agent and an immunosuppressive agent.


breast cancer [SEP] thal anuria complicating high dose ifosfamide chemotherapy in a breast cancer patient with an impaired renal function.

Breast Neoplasms [SEP] Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.


impaired renal function [SEP] dose ifosfamide chemotherapy in a breast cancer patient with an impaired renal function.

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


breast cancer [SEP] A sixty-year-old woman with advanced breast cancer, previously treated with cisplatin, developed an irreversible l


cisplatin [SEP] -old woman with advanced breast cancer, previously treated with cisplatin, developed an irreversible lethal renal failure with anuria, th

Cisplatin [SEP] An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and inter


renal failure [SEP] iously treated with cisplatin, developed an irreversible lethal renal failure with anuria, the day after 5 g/m2 bolus ifosfamide. Postrenal f


anuria [SEP]  cisplatin, developed an irreversible lethal renal failure with anuria, the day after 5 g/m2 bolus ifosfamide. Postrenal failure was e


ifosfamide [SEP] le lethal renal failure with anuria, the day after 5 g/m2 bolus ifosfamide. Postrenal failure was excluded by echography. A prerenal compo


Postrenal failure [SEP] nal failure with anuria, the day after 5 g/m2 bolus ifosfamide. Postrenal failure was excluded by echography. A prerenal component could have con


hypotension [SEP]  could have contributed to renal failure because of a transient hypotension, due to an increasing ascitis, occurring just before anuria. Ho

Hypotension [SEP] Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DI


Ifosfamide [SEP] n of the hemodynamic parameters did not improve renal function. Ifosfamide is a known nephrotoxic drug with demonstrated tubulopathies. We


nephrotoxic [SEP] arameters did not improve renal function. Ifosfamide is a known nephrotoxic drug with demonstrated tubulopathies. We strongly suspect that


tubulopathies [SEP] ction. Ifosfamide is a known nephrotoxic drug with demonstrated tubulopathies. We strongly suspect that this lethal anuria was mainly due to


vein thrombosis [SEP] Central vein thrombosis and topical dipivalyl epinephrine.

Venous Thrombosis [SEP] The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.


dipivalyl epinephrine [SEP] Central vein thrombosis and topical dipivalyl epinephrine.

dipivefrin [SEP]


vein thrombosis [SEP] A report is given on an 83-year-old female who acquired central vein thrombosis in her seeing eye one day after having started topical medicati


dipivalyl epinephrine [SEP] seeing eye one day after having started topical medication with dipivalyl epinephrine for advanced glaucoma discovered in the other eye. From present

dipivefrin [SEP]


glaucoma [SEP] rted topical medication with dipivalyl epinephrine for advanced glaucoma discovered in the other eye. From present knowledge about the e

Glaucoma [SEP] An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the int


bendrofluazide [SEP] Amelioration of bendrofluazide-induced hypokalemia by timolol.

Bendroflumethiazide [SEP] A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial


hypokalemia [SEP] Amelioration of bendrofluazide-induced hypokalemia by timolol.

Hypokalemia [SEP] Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointest


timolol [SEP] Amelioration of bendrofluazide-induced hypokalemia by timolol.

Timolol [SEP] A beta-adrenergic antagonist similar in action to PROPRANOLOL. The levo-isomer is the more active. Timolol has been proposed as


timolol [SEP] The beta adrenergic blocking drug, timolol, tended to correct the hypokalemia of short-term bendrofluazide


hypokalemia [SEP] e beta adrenergic blocking drug, timolol, tended to correct the hypokalemia of short-term bendrofluazide treatment in 6 healthy male subjec


bendrofluazide [SEP]  drug, timolol, tended to correct the hypokalemia of short-term bendrofluazide treatment in 6 healthy male subjects and although the effect wa


Timolol [SEP]  subjects and although the effect was small it was significant. Timolol also reduced the rise in plasma aldosterone and urine potassium


aldosterone [SEP] all it was significant. Timolol also reduced the rise in plasma aldosterone and urine potassium excretion following bendrofluazide and incr

Aldosterone [SEP] A hormone secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX that regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodiu


potassium [SEP] . Timolol also reduced the rise in plasma aldosterone and urine potassium excretion following bendrofluazide and increased the urine sodi

Potassium [SEP] An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cat


sodium [SEP] sium excretion following bendrofluazide and increased the urine sodium/potassium ratio. There was no evidence of a shift of potassium

Sodium [SEP] A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.


risperidone [SEP] A cross-sectional evaluation of the effect of risperidone and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on bone mineral den

Risperidone [SEP] A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has


serotonin [SEP] sectional evaluation of the effect of risperidone and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on bone mineral density in boys.

Serotonin [SEP] A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily i


risperidone [SEP] : The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia on trabecular bone mineral density (


hyperprolactinemia [SEP] sent study was to investigate the effect of risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia on trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adoles

Hyperprolactinemia [SEP] Increased levels of PROLACTIN in the BLOOD, which may be associated with AMENORRHEA and GALACTORRHEA. Relatively common etiologi


Hyperprolactinemia [SEP]  was estimated using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Hyperprolactinemia was present in 49% of 83 boys (n = 41) treated with risperidone


testosterone [SEP] n = 41) treated with risperidone for a mean of 2.9 years. Serum testosterone concentration increased with pubertal status but was not affect

Testosterone [SEP] A potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEIN


serotonin [SEP] for relevant covariates, we also found treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to be associated with lower trabecu


fractures [SEP] was restricted to non-Hispanic white patients. Of 13 documented fractures, 3 occurred after risperidone and SSRIs were started, and none

Fractures, Bone [SEP] Breaks in bones.


Seizures [SEP] Seizures associated with levofloxacin: case presentation and literature

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


levofloxacin [SEP] Seizures associated with levofloxacin: case presentation and literature review.

Levofloxacin [SEP] The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.


seizures [SEP] PURPOSE: We present a case of a patient who developed seizures shortly after initiating treatment with levofloxacin and to dis


levofloxacin [SEP]  who developed seizures shortly after initiating treatment with levofloxacin and to discuss the potential drug-drug interactions related to


lithium [SEP] Mice lacking mPGES-1 are resistant to lithium-induced polyuria.

Lithium [SEP] An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of


polyuria [SEP] Mice lacking mPGES-1 are resistant to lithium-induced polyuria.

Polyuria [SEP] Urination of a large volume of urine with an increase in urinary frequency, commonly seen in diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABET


lithium [SEP] Cyclooxygenase-2 activity is required for the development of lithium-induced polyuria. However, the involvement of a specific, termi


polyuria [SEP] e-2 activity is required for the development of lithium-induced polyuria. However, the involvement of a specific, terminal prostaglandin


prostaglandin [SEP] uced polyuria. However, the involvement of a specific, terminal prostaglandin (PG) isomerase has not been evaluated. The present study was un

Prostaglandins [SEP] A group of compounds derived from unsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid, via the cyclooxygenase pathway.


PG [SEP] However, the involvement of a specific, terminal prostaglandin (PG) isomerase has not been evaluated. The present study was undert


prostaglandin E [SEP] assess lithium-induced polyuria in mice deficient in microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1). A 2-wk administration of LiCl (4 mmol.kg(

Prostaglandins E [SEP] (11 alpha,13E,15S)-11,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oic acid (PGE(1)); (5Z,11 alpha,13E,15S)-11,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-


LiCl [SEP]  prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1). A 2-wk administration of LiCl (4 mmol.kg(-1).day(-1) ip) in mPGES-1 +/+ mice led to a marked

Lithium Chloride [SEP] A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.


PGE(2) [SEP] h elevated renal mPGES-1 protein expression and increased urine PGE(2) excretion. In contrast, mPGES-1 -/- mice were largely resistant

Dinoprostone [SEP] The most common and most biologically active of the mammalian prostaglandins. It exhibits most biological activities characteris


Na [SEP] ot in the cortex. Similarly, the total protein abundance of the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2) in the medulla but not in the corte


K [SEP] in the cortex. Similarly, the total protein abundance of the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2) in the medulla but not in the cortex


Cl [SEP] rostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1). A 2-wk administration of LiCl (4 mmol.kg(-1).day(-1) ip) in mPGES-1 +/+ mice led to a marked

Chlorine [SEP] A greenish-yellow, diatomic gas that is a member of the halogen family of elements. It has the atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 1


chondroitin sulfate [SEP] d sensitive microplate method for the detection of oversulfated chondroitin sulfate in heparin products.

Chondroitin Sulfates [SEP] Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfat


heparin [SEP] method for the detection of oversulfated chondroitin sulfate in heparin products.

Heparin [SEP] A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges


Heparin [SEP] Heparin is a commonly implemented anticoagulant used to treat criticall


heparin [SEP] itically ill patients. Recently, a number of commercial lots of heparin products were found to be contaminated with an oversulfated cho


chondroitin sulfate [SEP] rin products were found to be contaminated with an oversulfated chondroitin sulfate (OSCS) derivative that could elicit a hypotensive response in p


hypotensive [SEP] fated chondroitin sulfate (OSCS) derivative that could elicit a hypotensive response in pigs following a single high-dose infusion. Using b

Hypotension [SEP] Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DI


hypotension [SEP] ced derivative, we showed that the OSCS produces dose-dependent hypotension in pigs. The no observed effect level (NOEL) for this contamina


Doxorubicin [SEP] Doxorubicin cardiomyopathy-induced inflammation and apoptosis are attenuate

Doxorubicin [SEP] Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN.


cardiomyopathy [SEP] Doxorubicin cardiomyopathy-induced inflammation and apoptosis are attenuated by gene delet

Cardiomyopathies [SEP] A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classifi


inflammation [SEP] Doxorubicin cardiomyopathy-induced inflammation and apoptosis are attenuated by gene deletion of the kinin B1 r

Inflammation [SEP] A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions


anthracycline [SEP] Clinical use of the anthracycline doxorubicin (DOX) is limited by its cardiotoxic effects, which

Anthracyclines [SEP] Organic compounds that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daun


doxorubicin [SEP] Clinical use of the anthracycline doxorubicin (DOX) is limited by its cardiotoxic effects, which are attribut


DOX [SEP] Clinical use of the anthracycline doxorubicin (DOX) is limited by its cardiotoxic effects, which are attributed to


cardiotoxic [SEP] al use of the anthracycline doxorubicin (DOX) is limited by its cardiotoxic effects, which are attributed to the induction of apoptosis. To

Cardiotoxicity [SEP] Damage to the heart or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY;


cardiomyopathy [SEP] le of the kinin B1 receptor (B1R) during the development of DOX cardiomyopathy, we studied B1R knockout mice (B1R(-/-)) by investigating cardi


inflammation [SEP] e studied B1R knockout mice (B1R(-/-)) by investigating cardiac inflammation and apoptosis after induction of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy. DO


cardiac dysfunction [SEP] nduction of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy. DOX control mice showed cardiac dysfunction measured by pressure-volume loops in vivo. This was associated

Heart Diseases [SEP] Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.


cardiac apoptosis [SEP] ell as an increased bax/bcl2 ratio in Western blots, indicating cardiac apoptosis. Furthermore, mRNA levels of the proinflammatory cytokine inter


Hepatotoxicity [SEP] Hepatotoxicity associated with sulfasalazine in inflammatory arthritis: A case

Drug-Induced Liver Injury [SEP] A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug


sulfasalazine [SEP] Hepatotoxicity associated with sulfasalazine in inflammatory arthritis: A case series from a local surveilla

Sulfasalazine [SEP] A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabol


arthritis [SEP] Hepatotoxicity associated with sulfasalazine in inflammatory arthritis: A case series from a local surveillance of serious adverse eve

Arthritis [SEP]


liver failure [SEP] ng anti-rheumatic drugs that was triggered by the occurrence of liver failure in two of our patients. METHODS: Serious ADR reports have been

Liver Failure [SEP] Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum leve


hepatotoxicity [SEP] regular postcards over the past seven years. Patients', who had hepatotoxicity on sulfasalazine and met a definition of a serious ADR, were id


sulfasalazine [SEP] over the past seven years. Patients', who had hepatotoxicity on sulfasalazine and met a definition of a serious ADR, were identified. Two cli


hepatic failure [SEP] d during surveillance. Eight patients were hospitalised, two in hepatic failure - one died after a liver transplant. All but one event occurred


skin rash [SEP] vent occurred within 6 weeks of treatment. Seven patients had a skin rash, three eosinophilia and one interstitial nephritis. Five patien

Exanthema [SEP] Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with sim


eosinophilia [SEP] hin 6 weeks of treatment. Seven patients had a skin rash, three eosinophilia and one interstitial nephritis. Five patients were of Black Bri

Eosinophilia [SEP] Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.


interstitial nephritis [SEP] ent. Seven patients had a skin rash, three eosinophilia and one interstitial nephritis. Five patients were of Black British of African or Caribbean de

Nephritis, Interstitial [SEP] Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES an


amikacin [SEP] An evaluation of amikacin nephrotoxicity in the hematology/oncology population.

Amikacin [SEP] A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.


nephrotoxicity [SEP] An evaluation of amikacin nephrotoxicity in the hematology/oncology population.

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


Amikacin [SEP] Amikacin is an aminoglycoside commonly used to provide empirical double


aminoglycoside [SEP] Amikacin is an aminoglycoside commonly used to provide empirical double gram-negative treatme

Aminoglycosides [SEP] Glycosylated compounds in which there is an amino substituent on the glycoside. Some of them are clinically important ANTIBIOTIC


febrile neutropenia [SEP] ly used to provide empirical double gram-negative treatment for febrile neutropenia and other suspected infections. Strategies of extended-interval

Neutropenia [SEP] A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.


infections [SEP] -negative treatment for febrile neutropenia and other suspected infections. Strategies of extended-interval and conventional dosing have b

Infection [SEP] Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.


amikacin [SEP] ing strategy in the hematology/oncology population. To evaluate amikacin-associated nephrotoxicity in an adult hematology/oncology popul


nephrotoxicity [SEP] hematology/oncology population. To evaluate amikacin-associated nephrotoxicity in an adult hematology/oncology population, a prospective, rand


oncologic disorder [SEP] . Forty patients with a diagnosis consistent with a hematologic/oncologic disorder that required treatment with an aminoglycoside were randomized

Neoplasms [SEP] New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and me


creatinine [SEP] e occurrence of nephrotoxicity by means of an increase in serum creatinine and evaluation of efficacy via amikacin serum concentrations wi

Creatinine [SEP]


serotonin [SEP] Memory function and serotonin transporter promoter gene polymorphism in ecstasy (MDMA) users.

Serotonin [SEP] A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily i


ecstasy [SEP] unction and serotonin transporter promoter gene polymorphism in ecstasy (MDMA) users.

N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine [SEP] An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting cha


MDMA [SEP] nd serotonin transporter promoter gene polymorphism in ecstasy (MDMA) users.


3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [SEP] Although 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) has been shown to damage brain serotonin (5-H


MDMA [SEP] Although 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) has been shown to damage brain serotonin (5-HT) neu


ecstasy [SEP] Although 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) has been shown to damage brain serotonin (5-HT) neurons in ani


serotonin [SEP] ethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) has been shown to damage brain serotonin (5-HT) neurons in animals and possibly humans, little is known


5-HT [SEP] ine (MDMA or ecstasy) has been shown to damage brain serotonin (5-HT) neurons in animals and possibly humans, little is known about


neurotoxic lesions [SEP]  is known about the long-term consequences of MDMA-induced 5-HT neurotoxic lesions on functions in which 5-HT is involved, such as cognitive funct

Neurotoxicity Syndromes [SEP] Neurologic disorders caused by exposure to toxic substances through ingestion, injection, cutaneous application, or other method


memory impairment [SEP] orer on memory tasks than controls. In contrast, no evidence of memory impairment was observed in moderate MDMA users. No significant effect of 5

Memory Disorders [SEP] Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory


impaired memory functioning [SEP] tities that may be considered "moderate" is not associated with impaired memory functioning, heavy use of MDMA use may lead to long lasting memory impairme


memory impairments [SEP] ory functioning, heavy use of MDMA use may lead to long lasting memory impairments. No effect of 5-HTTLPR or gender on memory function or MDMA use


hyperprolactinemia [SEP] ithelial cells of the rat prostate lateral lobe in experimental hyperprolactinemia induced by haloperidol.

Hyperprolactinemia [SEP] Increased levels of PROLACTIN in the BLOOD, which may be associated with AMENORRHEA and GALACTORRHEA. Relatively common etiologi


haloperidol [SEP] tate lateral lobe in experimental hyperprolactinemia induced by haloperidol.

Haloperidol [SEP] A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoa


hyperprolactinemia [SEP] The aim of the study was to examine the influence of hyperprolactinemia, induced by haloperidol (HAL) on age related morphology and fun


haloperidol [SEP]  was to examine the influence of hyperprolactinemia, induced by haloperidol (HAL) on age related morphology and function changes of epithel


HAL [SEP] ne the influence of hyperprolactinemia, induced by haloperidol (HAL) on age related morphology and function changes of epithelial c


PRL [SEP] n sexually mature male rats. Serum concentrations of prolactin (PRL) and testosterone (T) were measured. Tissue sections were evalu

Prolactin [SEP] A lactogenic hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). It is a polypeptide of approximately 23 kD. Be


testosterone [SEP] y mature male rats. Serum concentrations of prolactin (PRL) and testosterone (T) were measured. Tissue sections were evaluated with light an

Testosterone [SEP] A potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEIN


T [SEP] The aim of the study was to examine the influence of hyperprolact


hypertrophy [SEP] n the control group. Light microscopy visualized the following: hypertrophy and epithelium hyperplasia of the glandular ducts, associated w

Hypertrophy [SEP] General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor


hyperplasia [SEP] microscopy visualized the following: hypertrophy and epithelium hyperplasia of the glandular ducts, associated with increased PCNA expressi

Hyperplasia [SEP] An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increa


vitamin C [SEP] Does supplemental vitamin C increase cardiovascular disease risk in women with diabetes?

Ascorbic Acid [SEP] A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essent


cardiovascular disease [SEP] Does supplemental vitamin C increase cardiovascular disease risk in women with diabetes?

Cardiovascular Diseases [SEP] Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.


diabetes [SEP] al vitamin C increase cardiovascular disease risk in women with diabetes?

Diabetes Mellitus [SEP] A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.


Vitamin C [SEP] BACKGROUND: Vitamin C acts as a potent antioxidant; however, it can also be a prooxid


vitamin C [SEP]  These observations led us to hypothesize that a high intake of vitamin C in diabetic persons might promote atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVE: T


diabetic [SEP] ations led us to hypothesize that a high intake of vitamin C in diabetic persons might promote atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVE: The objective


atherosclerosis [SEP] at a high intake of vitamin C in diabetic persons might promote atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine the relation between v

Atherosclerosis [SEP] A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the AR


cardiovascular disease [SEP] xamine the relation between vitamin C intake and mortality from cardiovascular disease. DESIGN: We studied the relation between vitamin C intake and m


coronary artery disease [SEP] take and mortality from total cardiovascular disease (n = 281), coronary artery disease (n = 175), and stroke (n = 57) in 1923 postmenopausal women who

Coronary Artery Disease [SEP] Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerot


stroke [SEP] cular disease (n = 281), coronary artery disease (n = 175), and stroke (n = 57) in 1923 postmenopausal women who reported being diabet

Stroke [SEP] A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA o


diabetes [SEP] ter adjustment for cardiovascular disease risk factors, type of diabetes medication used, duration of diabetes, and intakes of folate, v


folate [SEP]  diabetes medication used, duration of diabetes, and intakes of folate, vitamin E, and beta-carotene, the adjusted relative risks of t

Folic Acid [SEP] A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in


vitamin E [SEP] s medication used, duration of diabetes, and intakes of folate, vitamin E, and beta-carotene, the adjusted relative risks of total cardio

Vitamin E [SEP] A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydr


beta-carotene [SEP] ed, duration of diabetes, and intakes of folate, vitamin E, and beta-carotene, the adjusted relative risks of total cardiovascular disease mo

beta Carotene [SEP] A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. It is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patien


venous thromboembolism [SEP] Absolute and attributable risk of venous thromboembolism in women on combined cyproterone acetate and ethinylestradiol.

Venous Thromboembolism [SEP] Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.


cyproterone acetate [SEP] ttributable risk of venous thromboembolism in women on combined cyproterone acetate and ethinylestradiol.

Cyproterone Acetate [SEP] An agent with anti-androgen and progestational properties. It shows competitive binding with dihydrotestosterone at androgen rec


ethinylestradiol [SEP] us thromboembolism in women on combined cyproterone acetate and ethinylestradiol.

Ethinyl Estradiol [SEP] A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orall


venous thromboembolism [SEP] OBJECTIVE: To achieve absolute risk estimates of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among women on cyproterone acetate plus ethinylestradiol


VTE [SEP] : To achieve absolute risk estimates of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among women on cyproterone acetate plus ethinylestradiol (CPA/


cyproterone acetate [SEP] e risk estimates of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among women on cyproterone acetate plus ethinylestradiol (CPA/EE), and among women on combined ora


ethinylestradiol [SEP] s thromboembolism (VTE) among women on cyproterone acetate plus ethinylestradiol (CPA/EE), and among women on combined oral contraceptives (COCs


CPA [SEP] (VTE) among women on cyproterone acetate plus ethinylestradiol (CPA/EE), and among women on combined oral contraceptives (COCs). ME


EE [SEP] ) among women on cyproterone acetate plus ethinylestradiol (CPA/EE), and among women on combined oral contraceptives (COCs). METHO


combined oral contraceptives [SEP] rone acetate plus ethinylestradiol (CPA/EE), and among women on combined oral contraceptives (COCs). METHODS: From the Danish National Register of Patients

Contraceptives, Oral, Combined [SEP] Fixed drug combinations administered orally for contraceptive purposes.


COCs [SEP] diol (CPA/EE), and among women on combined oral contraceptives (COCs). METHODS: From the Danish National Register of Patients (NRP),


COC [SEP] diol (CPA/EE), and among women on combined oral contraceptives (COCs). METHODS: From the Danish National Register of Patients (NRP)


levonorgestrel [SEP] found to have had VTE while on COCs. Of these women, 67 were on levonorgestrel-containing COCs. Eleven were on CPA/EE. The corresponding absol

Levonorgestrel [SEP] A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-


lindane [SEP] Effect of lindane on hepatic and brain cytochrome P450s and influence of P450 mod

Lindane [SEP] An organochlorine insecticide that has been used as a pediculicide and a scabicide. It has been shown to cause cancer.


neurotoxicity [SEP] hrome P450s and influence of P450 modulation in lindane induced neurotoxicity.

Neurotoxicity Syndromes [SEP] Neurologic disorders caused by exposure to toxic substances through ingestion, injection, cutaneous application, or other method


lindane [SEP] Oral administration of lindane (2.5, 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg, body weight) for 5 days was found to


N-nitrosodimethylamine [SEP] O-deethylase (EROD), 7-pentoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (PROD) and N-nitrosodimethylamine demethylase (NDMA-d) in rat brain and liver. A significant incr

Dimethylnitrosamine [SEP] A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepato


NDMA [SEP] fin-O-dealkylase (PROD) and N-nitrosodimethylamine demethylase (NDMA-d) in rat brain and liver. A significant increase in the hepati


3-methylcholanthrene [SEP] Induction studies have further shown that while pretreatment of 3-methylcholanthrene (MC), an inducer of P4501A1/1A2, did not produce any significan

Methylcholanthrene [SEP] A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.


MC [SEP]  further shown that while pretreatment of 3-methylcholanthrene (MC), an inducer of P4501A1/1A2, did not produce any significant ef


convulsions [SEP] duce any significant effect in the incidence of lindane induced convulsions, pretreatment with phenobarbital (PB), an inducer of P450 2B1/2

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


phenobarbital [SEP] the incidence of lindane induced convulsions, pretreatment with phenobarbital (PB), an inducer of P450 2B1/2B2 or ethanol, an inducer of P450

Phenobarbital [SEP] A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC AC


ethanol [SEP] reatment with phenobarbital (PB), an inducer of P450 2B1/2B2 or ethanol, an inducer of P450 2E1 catalysed reactions, significantly incr

Ethanol [SEP] A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bacterici


cobalt chloride [SEP] ly, when the P450-mediated metabolism of lindane was blocked by cobalt chloride incidence of convulsions was increased in animals treated with

cobaltous chloride [SEP]


toxicity [SEP] l inducible P450 isoenzymes are involved in its neurobehavioral toxicity.

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


Seizure [SEP] Seizure associated with sleep deprivation and sustained-release bupropi


sleep deprivation [SEP] Seizure associated with sleep deprivation and sustained-release bupropion.

Sleep Deprivation [SEP] The state of being deprived of sleep under experimental conditions, due to life events, or from a wide variety of pathophysiolog


bupropion [SEP] Seizure associated with sleep deprivation and sustained-release bupropion.

Bupropion [SEP] A unicyclic, aminoketone antidepressant. The mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not well understood, but it does appear to


seizure [SEP] This case report describes a generalized seizure associated with sustained-release bupropion use and sleep depri


bupropion [SEP] scribes a generalized seizure associated with sustained-release bupropion use and sleep deprivation. The subject, a 31-year-old female sm


sleep deprivation [SEP] zed seizure associated with sustained-release bupropion use and sleep deprivation. The subject, a 31-year-old female smoker, was participating in


seizures [SEP] g to a new residence. The patient had no other risk factors for seizures. We suggest that sleep deprivation may add to the risk of bupro


Nephrotoxic [SEP] Nephrotoxic effects in high-risk patients undergoing angiography.

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


nephropathy [SEP] BACKGROUND: The use of iodinated contrast medium can result in nephropathy. Whether iso-osmolar contrast medium is less nephrotoxic than l


nephrotoxic [SEP] ult in nephropathy. Whether iso-osmolar contrast medium is less nephrotoxic than low-osmolar contrast medium in high-risk patients is uncer


iodixanol [SEP] c effects of an iso-osmolar, dimeric, nonionic contrast medium, iodixanol, with those of a low-osmolar, nonionic, monomeric contrast medi

iodixanol [SEP]


iohexol [SEP] th those of a low-osmolar, nonionic, monomeric contrast medium, iohexol. The study involved 129 patients with diabetes with serum creat

Iohexol [SEP] An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriograph


diabetes [SEP]  contrast medium, iohexol. The study involved 129 patients with diabetes with serum creatinine concentrations of 1.5 to 3.5 mg per decil

Diabetes Mellitus [SEP] A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.


creatinine [SEP] hexol. The study involved 129 patients with diabetes with serum creatinine concentrations of 1.5 to 3.5 mg per deciliter who underwent cor

Creatinine [SEP]


Nephropathy [SEP] [95 percent confidence interval, -0.34 to -0.07]). CONCLUSIONS: Nephropathy induced by contrast medium may be less likely to develop in hig


pain [SEP] Experimental cranial pain elicited by capsaicin: a PET study.

Pain [SEP] An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.


capsaicin [SEP] Experimental cranial pain elicited by capsaicin: a PET study.

Capsaicin [SEP] An alkylamide found in CAPSICUM that acts at TRPV CATION CHANNELS.


migraine [SEP] n emission tomography (PET) study it was shown recently that in migraine without aura certain areas in the brain stem were activated dur

Migraine Disorders [SEP] A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtyp


headache [SEP]  aura certain areas in the brain stem were activated during the headache state, but not in the headache free interval. It was suggested

Headache [SEP] The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACH


pain [SEP] enerator'. To test this hypothesis we performed an experimental pain study in seven healthy volunteers, using the same positioning i


capsaicin [SEP]  the PET scanner as in the migraine patients. A small amount of capsaicin was administered subcutaneously in the right forehead to evoke


painful [SEP] istered subcutaneously in the right forehead to evoke a burning painful sensation in the first division of the trigeminal nerve. Increa


cluster headache [SEP] rather than in a specific type of headache as was suggested for cluster headache.

Cluster Headache [SEP] A primary headache disorder that is characterized by severe, strictly unilateral PAIN which is orbital, supraorbital, temporal o


Neuroleptic malignant syndrome [SEP] Neuroleptic malignant syndrome with risperidone.

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome [SEP] A potentially fatal syndrome associated primarily with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS) which are in tur


risperidone [SEP] Neuroleptic malignant syndrome with risperidone.

Risperidone [SEP] A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has


Neuroleptic malignant syndrome [SEP] Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is thought to be a result of dopamine D2 receptor blockade in t


dopamine [SEP] Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is thought to be a result of dopamine D2 receptor blockade in the striatum of the basal ganglia. Risp

Dopamine [SEP] One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and


Risperidone [SEP] mine D2 receptor blockade in the striatum of the basal ganglia. Risperidone, a benzisoxazole derivative antipsychotic, has high serotonin 5


benzisoxazole [SEP] r blockade in the striatum of the basal ganglia. Risperidone, a benzisoxazole derivative antipsychotic, has high serotonin 5-HT2 receptor blo

1,2-benzisoxazole [SEP]


serotonin [SEP] Risperidone, a benzisoxazole derivative antipsychotic, has high serotonin 5-HT2 receptor blockade and dose-related D2 receptor blockade.

Serotonin [SEP] A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily i


extrapyramidal symptoms [SEP] kade. The high ratio is believed to impart the low frequency of extrapyramidal symptoms with risperidone at low dosages. With this low frequency of ext

Basal Ganglia Diseases [SEP] Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (mos


risperidone [SEP] ved to impart the low frequency of extrapyramidal symptoms with risperidone at low dosages. With this low frequency of extrapyramidal sympt


neuroleptic malignant syndrome [SEP] ncy of extrapyramidal symptoms, it was thought the frequency of neuroleptic malignant syndrome might also be lowered. A 73-year-old woman developed neurolepti


dantrolene [SEP] sed after discontinuing risperidone and starting treatment with dantrolene and bromocriptine. It appears that the protection from extrapyr

Dantrolene [SEP] Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasti


bromocriptine [SEP] ntinuing risperidone and starting treatment with dantrolene and bromocriptine. It appears that the protection from extrapyramidal side effect

Bromocriptine [SEP] A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.


nephrotic syndrome [SEP] extrahepatic angiotensinogen gene expression in rats with acute nephrotic syndrome.

Nephrotic Syndrome [SEP] A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in


angiotensin [SEP] Plasma concentration and urine excretion of the renin-angiotensin system proteins are altered in rats with nephrotic syndrome (NS

Angiotensins [SEP] Oligopeptides which are important in the regulation of blood pressure (VASOCONSTRICTION) and fluid homeostasis via the RENIN-ANG


nephrotic syndrome [SEP]  the renin-angiotensin system proteins are altered in rats with nephrotic syndrome (NS). In this work the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels


NS [SEP] in system proteins are altered in rats with nephrotic syndrome (NS). In this work the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of


nephrotic [SEP]  the renin-angiotensin system proteins are altered in rats with nephrotic syndrome (NS). In this work the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRN


puromycin amino-nucleoside [SEP] and pair-fed (PF) rats. NS was induced by a single injection of puromycin amino-nucleoside (PAN). Although a great urinary excretion and half-normal plasm

Puromycin Aminonucleoside [SEP] PUROMYCIN derivative that lacks the methoxyphenylalanyl group on the amine of the sugar ring. It is an antibiotic with antineopl


PAN [SEP] as induced by a single injection of puromycin amino-nucleoside (PAN). Although a great urinary excretion and half-normal plasma lev


Cyclophosphamide [SEP] Cyclophosphamide associated bladder cancer--a highly aggressive disease: analysi

Cyclophosphamide [SEP] Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the LIVER to fo


bladder cancer [SEP] Cyclophosphamide associated bladder cancer--a highly aggressive disease: analysis of 12 cases.

Urinary Bladder Neoplasms [SEP] Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.


cyclophosphamide [SEP] e gained knowledge of the etiology, treatment and prevention of cyclophosphamide associated urothelial cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medica


urothelial cancer [SEP] iology, treatment and prevention of cyclophosphamide associated urothelial cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 6 men and 6 wome

Urethral Neoplasms [SEP] Cancer or tumors of the URETHRA. Benign epithelial tumors of the urethra usually consist of squamous and transitional cells. Pri


bladder cancer [SEP] nd 6 women (mean age 55 years) with cyclophosphamide associated bladder cancer were reviewed. RESULTS: All tumors were grade 3 or 4 transition


tumors [SEP] osphamide associated bladder cancer were reviewed. RESULTS: All tumors were grade 3 or 4 transitional cell carcinoma. Of the 5 patient

Neoplasms [SEP] New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and me


carcinoma [SEP] viewed. RESULTS: All tumors were grade 3 or 4 transitional cell carcinoma. Of the 5 patients initially treated with endoscopic resection

Carcinoma [SEP] A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It i


cancer [SEP] atment and prevention of cyclophosphamide associated urothelial cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 6 men and 6 wome


Cyclophosphamide [SEP] cystectomy for palliation and died 3 months later. CONCLUSIONS: Cyclophosphamide associated bladder tumor is an aggressive disease. However, lon


bladder tumor [SEP] d died 3 months later. CONCLUSIONS: Cyclophosphamide associated bladder tumor is an aggressive disease. However, long-term survival is possib


bladder tumors [SEP] m survival is possible when radical cystectomy is performed for bladder tumors with any sign of invasion and for recurrent high grade disease,


Leg and back pain [SEP] Leg and back pain after spinal anaesthesia involving hyperbaric 5% lignocaine.

Back Pain [SEP] Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions.


lignocaine [SEP]  and back pain after spinal anaesthesia involving hyperbaric 5% lignocaine.

Lidocaine [SEP] A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more pro


lignocaine [SEP] Fifty-four patients, aged 27-90 years, who were given lignocaine 5% in 6.8% glucose solution for spinal anaesthesia were studied


glucose [SEP] atients, aged 27-90 years, who were given lignocaine 5% in 6.8% glucose solution for spinal anaesthesia were studied. Thirteen of these

Glucose [SEP] A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in i


pain in the legs and/or back [SEP] naesthesia were studied. Thirteen of these patients experienced pain in the legs and/or back after recovery from anaesthesia. The patients affected were you


pain [SEP] naesthesia were studied. Thirteen of these patients experienced pain in the legs and/or back after recovery from anaesthesia. The pa

Pain [SEP] An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.


alcohol [SEP]  seven of the 41 patients (17%) without pain admitted to a high alcohol intake, which might be a contributing factor. Leg and/or back p

Ethanol [SEP] A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bacterici


Leg and/or back pain [SEP] to a high alcohol intake, which might be a contributing factor. Leg and/or back pain is associated with the intrathecal use of hyperbaric 5% lignoca


caffeine [SEP] Acute blood pressure elevations with caffeine in men with borderline systemic hypertension.

Caffeine [SEP] A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmac


hypertension [SEP] essure elevations with caffeine in men with borderline systemic hypertension.

Hypertension [SEP] Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is c


caffeine [SEP] Whether the vasoconstrictive actions of caffeine are enhanced in hypertensive persons has not been demonstrated.


hypertensive [SEP] hether the vasoconstrictive actions of caffeine are enhanced in hypertensive persons has not been demonstrated. Thus, caffeine (3.3 mg/kg) v


hypertension [SEP]  Hg. Low-risk controls (n = 24) reported no parental history of hypertension and had screening BP < 130/85 mm Hg. Participants were then tes


Caffeine [SEP] h of 2 protocols; this required a total of 4 laboratory visits. Caffeine-induced changes in diastolic BP were 2 to 3 times larger in bor


hypertensives [SEP] ted in 2 protocols, and representative of nearly all borderline hypertensives. We suspect that the potential for caffeine to stabilize high r


Hallucinations [SEP] Hallucinations and ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity.

Hallucinations [SEP] Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real.


ifosfamide [SEP] Hallucinations and ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity.

Ifosfamide [SEP] Positional isomer of CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE which is active as an alkylating agent and an immunosuppressive agent.


neurotoxicity [SEP] Hallucinations and ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity.

Neurotoxicity Syndromes [SEP] Neurologic disorders caused by exposure to toxic substances through ingestion, injection, cutaneous application, or other method


Hallucinations [SEP] BACKGROUND: Hallucinations as a symptom of central neurotoxicity are a known but poorly de


neurotoxicity [SEP] BACKGROUND: Hallucinations as a symptom of central neurotoxicity are a known but poorly described side effect of ifosfamide. Mos


ifosfamide [SEP] l neurotoxicity are a known but poorly described side effect of ifosfamide. Most cases of ifosfamide-induced hallucinations have been repo


hallucinations [SEP] bed side effect of ifosfamide. Most cases of ifosfamide-induced hallucinations have been reported with other mental status changes. METHODS: T


hallucinatory [SEP] h may occur without other signs of neurotoxicity. "Eyes-closed" hallucinatory experiences appear to be an unusual feature of this presentatio


agitation [SEP] l pharmacologic management of disturbed patients is unclear. If agitation becomes marked, high-potency neuroleptics (i.e., haloperidol) m

Psychomotor Agitation [SEP] A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug tox


haloperidol [SEP] . If agitation becomes marked, high-potency neuroleptics (i.e., haloperidol) may be effective.

Haloperidol [SEP] A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoa


Chlorpropamide [SEP] Chlorpropamide-induced optic neuropathy.

Chlorpropamide [SEP] A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary mod


optic neuropathy [SEP] Chlorpropamide-induced optic neuropathy.

Optic Nerve Diseases [SEP] Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component o


adult-onset diabetes [SEP] A 65-year-old woman with adult-onset diabetes treated with chlorpropamide (Diabenese) had a toxic optic neuro

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 [SEP] A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RE


chlorpropamide [SEP] A 65-year-old woman with adult-onset diabetes treated with chlorpropamide (Diabenese) had a toxic optic neuropathy that resolved with dis


Diabenese [SEP] ld woman with adult-onset diabetes treated with chlorpropamide (Diabenese) had a toxic optic neuropathy that resolved with discontinuatio


toxic optic neuropathy [SEP] lt-onset diabetes treated with chlorpropamide (Diabenese) had a toxic optic neuropathy that resolved with discontinuation of chlorpropamide therapy. V


Visual loss [SEP] y that resolved with discontinuation of chlorpropamide therapy. Visual loss occurs in diabetics for a variety of reasons, and accurate diag

Vision Disorders [SEP] Visual impairments limiting one or more of the basic functions of the eye: visual acuity, dark adaptation, color vision, or peri


diabetics [SEP] iscontinuation of chlorpropamide therapy. Visual loss occurs in diabetics for a variety of reasons, and accurate diagnosis is necessary t

Diabetes Mellitus [SEP] A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.


optic neuropathy [SEP] et diabetes treated with chlorpropamide (Diabenese) had a toxic optic neuropathy that resolved with discontinuation of chlorpropamide therapy. V


visual loss [SEP] europathy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of visual loss in diabetics.


Levodopa [SEP] Levodopa-induced dyskinesia and thalamotomy.

Levodopa [SEP] The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can b


dyskinesia [SEP] Levodopa-induced dyskinesia and thalamotomy.

Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced [SEP] Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or


Levodopa [SEP] Levodopa-induced dyskinesia of the limbs in thirteen cases of Parkinsoni


dyskinesia [SEP] Levodopa-induced dyskinesia of the limbs in thirteen cases of Parkinsonism, which was chore


Parkinsonism [SEP] Levodopa-induced dyskinesia of the limbs in thirteen cases of Parkinsonism, which was choreic, ballistic or dystonic in type, was alleviat

Parkinson Disease, Secondary [SEP] Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected co


dystonic [SEP] thirteen cases of Parkinsonism, which was choreic, ballistic or dystonic in type, was alleviated almost completely by stereotaxic surger

Dystonic Disorders [SEP] Acquired and inherited conditions that feature DYSTONIA as a primary manifestation of disease. These disorders are generally div


levodopa [SEP]  but much less by the ventralis intermedius nucleus. Control of levodopa-induced dyskinesias by thalamic lesions in the course of routin


dyskinesias [SEP]  the ventralis intermedius nucleus. Control of levodopa-induced dyskinesias by thalamic lesions in the course of routine treatment of Parki


thalamic lesions [SEP] intermedius nucleus. Control of levodopa-induced dyskinesias by thalamic lesions in the course of routine treatment of Parkinsonism is discussed

Thalamic Diseases [SEP] Disorders of the centrally located thalamus, which integrates a wide range of cortical and subcortical information. Manifestatio


nephrotoxicity [SEP] Factors associated with nephrotoxicity and clinical outcome in patients receiving amikacin.

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


amikacin [SEP]  with nephrotoxicity and clinical outcome in patients receiving amikacin.

Amikacin [SEP] A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.


amikacin [SEP] Data from 60 patients treated with amikacin were analyzed for factors associated with nephrotoxicity. In 42


nephrotoxicity [SEP] treated with amikacin were analyzed for factors associated with nephrotoxicity. In 42 of these patients, data were examined for factors associ


creatinine [SEP] e. Variables evaluated included patient weight, age, sex, serum creatinine level, creatinine clearance, duration of therapy, total dose, m

Creatinine [SEP]


nephrotoxic [SEP] treated with amikacin were analyzed for factors associated with nephrotoxicity. In 42 of these patients, data were examined for factors ass


cyclosporine [SEP] o subsequent groups of heart transplant recipients. In group I, cyclosporine was given before the procedure at a loading dose of 17.5 mg/kg

Cyclosporine [SEP] A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes.


azathioprine [SEP] y after the procedure at a lower dosage and was complemented by azathioprine, which was used for the first postoperative week. Group II show

Azathioprine [SEP] An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthr


urea nitrogen [SEP] etter perioperative renal function as determined by serum blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels. Group II also showed a significant

Blood Urea Nitrogen [SEP] The urea concentration of the blood stated in terms of nitrogen content. Serum (plasma) urea nitrogen is approximately 12% highe


creatinine [SEP] l function as determined by serum blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels. Group II also showed a significant decrease of chronic

Creatinine [SEP]


nephrotoxicity [SEP]  levels. Group II also showed a significant decrease of chronic nephrotoxicity secondary to long-term therapy with cyclosporine. Despite this


cholestasis [SEP] Reversible cholestasis with bile duct injury following azathioprine therapy. A case re

Cholestasis [SEP] Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EX


bile duct injury [SEP] Reversible cholestasis with bile duct injury following azathioprine therapy. A case report.


azathioprine [SEP] Reversible cholestasis with bile duct injury following azathioprine therapy. A case report.


polymyositis [SEP] A 67-year-old patient, with primary polymyositis and without previous evidence of liver disease, developed clini

Polymyositis [SEP] Diseases characterized by inflammation involving multiple muscles. This may occur as an acute or chronic condition associated wi


liver disease [SEP] ent, with primary polymyositis and without previous evidence of liver disease, developed clinical and biochemical features of severe cholesta

Liver Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the LIVER.


cholestasis [SEP]  disease, developed clinical and biochemical features of severe cholestasis 3 months after initiation of azathioprine therapy. Liver biopsy


azathioprine [SEP] cal features of severe cholestasis 3 months after initiation of azathioprine therapy. Liver biopsy showed cholestasis with both cytological


Azathioprine [SEP] gical and architectural alterations of interlobular bile ducts. Azathioprine withdrawal resulted after 7 weeks in the resolution of clinical


bile duct injury [SEP] ne-induced cholestasis associated with histological evidence of bile duct injury.


isoflurane [SEP] Renal function and hemodynamics during prolonged isoflurane-induced hypotension in humans.

Isoflurane [SEP] A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.


hypotension [SEP] l function and hemodynamics during prolonged isoflurane-induced hypotension in humans.

Hypotension [SEP] Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DI


isoflurane [SEP] The effect of isoflurane-induced hypotension on glomerular function and renal blood flow


hypotension [SEP] The effect of isoflurane-induced hypotension on glomerular function and renal blood flow was investigated in


para-aminohippurate [SEP]  effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) were measured by inulin and para-aminohippurate (PAH) clearance, respectively. Anesthesia was maintained with f

p-Aminohippuric Acid [SEP] The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ER


PAH [SEP] ma flow (ERPF) were measured by inulin and para-aminohippurate (PAH) clearance, respectively. Anesthesia was maintained with fentan


fentanyl [SEP] e (PAH) clearance, respectively. Anesthesia was maintained with fentanyl, nitrous oxide, oxygen, and isoflurane. Hypotension was induced

Fentanyl [SEP] A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is


nitrous oxide [SEP] earance, respectively. Anesthesia was maintained with fentanyl, nitrous oxide, oxygen, and isoflurane. Hypotension was induced for 236.9 +/-

Nitrous Oxide [SEP] Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcoti


oxygen [SEP] tively. Anesthesia was maintained with fentanyl, nitrous oxide, oxygen, and isoflurane. Hypotension was induced for 236.9 +/- 15.1 min

Oxygen [SEP] An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on ear


Hypotension [SEP] aintained with fentanyl, nitrous oxide, oxygen, and isoflurane. Hypotension was induced for 236.9 +/- 15.1 min by increasing the isoflurane


Debrisoquine [SEP] Debrisoquine phenotype and the pharmacokinetics and beta-2 receptor pharmaco

Debrisoquin [SEP] An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorp


metoprolol [SEP] nd the pharmacokinetics and beta-2 receptor pharmacodynamics of metoprolol and its enantiomers.

Metoprolol [SEP] A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMI


metoprolol [SEP] The metabolism of the cardioselective beta-blocker metoprolol is under genetic control of the debrisoquine/sparteine type. Th


debrisoquine [SEP] lective beta-blocker metoprolol is under genetic control of the debrisoquine/sparteine type. The two metabolic phenotypes, extensive (EM) an


sparteine [SEP] blocker metoprolol is under genetic control of the debrisoquine/sparteine type. The two metabolic phenotypes, extensive (EM) and poor met

Sparteine [SEP] A quinolizidine alkaloid isolated from several FABACEAE including LUPINUS; SPARTIUM; and CYTISUS. It has been used as an oxytoci


terbutaline [SEP] ol. The drug effect studied was the antagonism by metoprolol of terbutaline-induced hypokalemia. By using pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic m

Terbutaline [SEP] A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.


hypokalemia [SEP] studied was the antagonism by metoprolol of terbutaline-induced hypokalemia. By using pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic modeling the pharmaco

Hypokalemia [SEP] Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointest


potassium [SEP] se (0.75 mg) on day 2. Blood samples for the analysis of plasma potassium, terbutaline, metoprolol (racemic, R- and S-isomer), and alpha-

Potassium [SEP] An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cat


alpha-hydroxymetoprolol [SEP] assium, terbutaline, metoprolol (racemic, R- and S-isomer), and alpha-hydroxymetoprolol concentrations were taken at regular time intervals, during 8 h

alpha-hydroxymetoprolol [SEP]


Cefotetan [SEP] Cefotetan-induced immune hemolytic anemia.

Cefotetan [SEP] A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a b


hemolytic anemia [SEP] Cefotetan-induced immune hemolytic anemia.

Anemia, Hemolytic [SEP] A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red bl


hemolytic anemia [SEP] Immune hemolytic anemia due to a drug-adsorption mechanism has been described primarily


penicillins [SEP] on mechanism has been described primarily in patients receiving penicillins and first-generation cephalosporins. We describe a patient who

Penicillins [SEP] A group of antibiotics that contain 6-aminopenicillanic acid with a side chain attached to the 6-amino group. The penicillin nuc


cephalosporins [SEP] rimarily in patients receiving penicillins and first-generation cephalosporins. We describe a patient who developed anemia while receiving int

Cephalosporins [SEP] A group of broad-spectrum antibiotics first isolated from the Mediterranean fungus ACREMONIUM. They contain the beta-lactam moie


anemia [SEP] Immune hemolytic anemia due to a drug-adsorption mechanism has been described primarily

Anemia [SEP] A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.


cefotetan [SEP] ribe a patient who developed anemia while receiving intravenous cefotetan. Cefotetan-dependent antibodies were detected in the patient's


Cefotetan [SEP] ent who developed anemia while receiving intravenous cefotetan. Cefotetan-dependent antibodies were detected in the patient's serum and i


hemolysis [SEP] junction with clinical and laboratory evidence of extravascular hemolysis, are consistent with drug-induced hemolytic anemia, possibly in

Hemolysis [SEP] The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and change


Acute renal failure [SEP] Acute renal failure subsequent to the administration of rifampicin. A follow-up stu

Acute Kidney Injury [SEP] Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney


rifampicin [SEP] Acute renal failure subsequent to the administration of rifampicin. A follow-up study of cases reported earlier.

Rifampin [SEP] A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity ag


acute renal failure [SEP] al presentation is made of a 2-3 year follow-up of six cases of acute renal failure that have been reported earlier. The patients had developed tra


renal failure [SEP] sentation is made of a 2-3 year follow-up of six cases of acute renal failure that have been reported earlier. The patients had developed tra

Renal Insufficiency [SEP] Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain


rifampicin [SEP] ransient renal failure after the intermittent administration of rifampicin. The stage of olig-anuria lasted for 1-3 weeks, and five of the


anuria [SEP] he intermittent administration of rifampicin. The stage of olig-anuria lasted for 1-3 weeks, and five of the patients were treated by

Anuria [SEP] Absence of urine formation. It is usually associated with complete bilateral ureteral (URETER) obstruction, complete lower urina


renal lesions [SEP] renography was slightly slowed. Although in the acute stage the renal lesions histologically appeared toxic, evidence suggestive of an immuno

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


Type B hepatitis [SEP] Type B hepatitis after needle-stick exposure: prevention with hepatitis B immune

Hepatitis B [SEP] INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transm


hepatitis B [SEP] Type B hepatitis after needle-stick exposure: prevention with hepatitis B immune globulin. Final report of the Veterans Administration Co


Hepatitis B [SEP] Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and immune serum globulin (ISG) were exa


type B hepatitis [SEP] e-blind trial to assess their relative efficacies in preventing type B hepatitis after needle-stick exposure to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs


hepatitis B surface antigen [SEP] s in preventing type B hepatitis after needle-stick exposure to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAG)-positive donors. Clinical hepatitis developed in 1.4% o

Hepatitis B Surface Antigens [SEP] Those hepatitis B antigens found on the surface of the Dane particle and on the 20 nm spherical and tubular particles. Several s


HBsAG [SEP] tis after needle-stick exposure to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAG)-positive donors. Clinical hepatitis developed in 1.4% of HBIG


hepatitis [SEP]  trial to assess their relative efficacies in preventing type B hepatitis after needle-stick exposure to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs

Drug-Induced Liver Injury [SEP] A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug


HBeAg [SEP]  examined for DNA polymerase (DNAP) and e antigen and antibody (HBeAg; anti-HBE). Both DNAP and HBeAg showed a highly statistically s

Hepatitis B e Antigens [SEP] A closely related group of antigens found in the plasma only during the infective phase of hepatitis B or in virulent chronic he


HBsAg [SEP] y statistically significant correlation with the infectivity of HBsAg-positive donors. Hepatitis B immune globulin remained significa


Serotonin syndrome [SEP] Serotonin syndrome from venlafaxine-tranylcypromine interaction.

Serotonin Syndrome [SEP] An adverse drug interaction characterized by altered mental status, autonomic dysfunction, and neuromuscular abnormalities. It i


venlafaxine [SEP] Serotonin syndrome from venlafaxine-tranylcypromine interaction.

venlafaxine [SEP]


tranylcypromine [SEP] Serotonin syndrome from venlafaxine-tranylcypromine interaction.

Tranylcypromine [SEP] A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the


serotonin [SEP] Excessive stimulation of serotonin 5HT1A receptors causes a syndrome of serotonin excess that cons

Serotonin [SEP] A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily i


muscle rigidity [SEP] uses a syndrome of serotonin excess that consists of shivering, muscle rigidity, salivation, confusion, agitation and hyperthermia. The most co

Muscle Rigidity [SEP] Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. When an affected m


salivation [SEP] f serotonin excess that consists of shivering, muscle rigidity, salivation, confusion, agitation and hyperthermia. The most common cause o

Sialorrhea [SEP] Increased salivary flow.


confusion [SEP] excess that consists of shivering, muscle rigidity, salivation, confusion, agitation and hyperthermia. The most common cause of this synd

Confusion [SEP] A mental state characterized by bewilderment, emotional disturbance, lack of clear thinking, and perceptual disorientation.


agitation [SEP]  consists of shivering, muscle rigidity, salivation, confusion, agitation and hyperthermia. The most common cause of this syndrome is an

Psychomotor Agitation [SEP] A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug tox


hyperthermia [SEP] hivering, muscle rigidity, salivation, confusion, agitation and hyperthermia. The most common cause of this syndrome is an interaction betwe

Fever [SEP] An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.


Venlafaxine [SEP] e inhibitor (MAOI) and a specific serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Venlafaxine is a new antidepressant agent that inhibits the reuptake of ser

venlafaxine [SEP]


norepinephrine [SEP] ntidepressant agent that inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. We report a venlafaxine-MAOI interaction that resulted in the

Norepinephrine [SEP] Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Nor


venlafaxine [SEP] ibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. We report a venlafaxine-MAOI interaction that resulted in the serotonin syndrome in a 2

venlafaxine [SEP]


serotonin syndrome [SEP] . We report a venlafaxine-MAOI interaction that resulted in the serotonin syndrome in a 23-y-old male who was taking tranylcypromine for depressio


tranylcypromine [SEP] ted in the serotonin syndrome in a 23-y-old male who was taking tranylcypromine for depression. He had been well until the morning of presentat


depression [SEP]  syndrome in a 23-y-old male who was taking tranylcypromine for depression. He had been well until the morning of presentation when he too

Depressive Disorder [SEP] An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood distur


tremors [SEP] h he became confused with jerking movements of his extremities, tremors and rigidity. He was brought directly to a hospital where he wa

Tremor [SEP] Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or act


rigidity [SEP] syndrome of serotonin excess that consists of shivering, muscle rigidity, salivation, confusion, agitation and hyperthermia. The most co


myoclonic jerks [SEP]  where he was found to be agitated and confused with shivering, myoclonic jerks, rigidity, salivation and diaphoresis. His pupils were 7 mm and

Myoclonus [SEP] Involuntary shock-like contractions, irregular in rhythm and amplitude, followed by relaxation, of a muscle or a group of muscle


diazepam [SEP]  respiratory rate 28/min, and temperature 97 F. After 180 mg of diazepam i.v. he remained tremulous with muscle rigidity and clenched ja

Diazepam [SEP] A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of actio


hypoventilation [SEP] hed jaws. He was intubated for airway protection and because of hypoventilation, and was paralyzed to control muscle rigidity. His subsequent c

Hypoventilation [SEP] A reduction in the amount of air entering the pulmonary alveoli.


paralyzed [SEP] d for airway protection and because of hypoventilation, and was paralyzed to control muscle rigidity. His subsequent course was remarkabl

Paralysis [SEP] A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level


thrombocytopenia [SEP] e rigidity. His subsequent course was remarkable for non-immune thrombocytopenia which resolved. The patient's maximal temperature was 101.2 F a

Thrombocytopenia [SEP] A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.


rhabdomyolysis [SEP]  F and his CPK remained < 500 units/L with no other evidence of rhabdomyolysis. His mental status normalized and he was transferred to a psych

Rhabdomyolysis [SEP] Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.


paralysis [SEP] thout sequelae due to the aggressive sedation and neuromuscular paralysis.


L-dopa [SEP] Effect of nondopaminergic drugs on L-dopa-induced dyskinesias in MPTP-treated monkeys.

Levodopa [SEP] The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can b


dyskinesias [SEP] Effect of nondopaminergic drugs on L-dopa-induced dyskinesias in MPTP-treated monkeys.

Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced [SEP] Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or


MPTP [SEP] ffect of nondopaminergic drugs on L-dopa-induced dyskinesias in MPTP-treated monkeys.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine [SEP] A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those


parkinsonian [SEP] A group of four monkeys was rendered parkinsonian with the toxin MPTP. They were then treated chronically with L-

Parkinsonian Disorders [SEP] A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural i


MPTP [SEP]  group of four monkeys was rendered parkinsonian with the toxin MPTP. They were then treated chronically with L-DOPA/benserazide 50/


L-DOPA/benserazide [SEP] an with the toxin MPTP. They were then treated chronically with L-DOPA/benserazide 50/12.5 mg/kg given orally daily for 2 months. This dose produc

benserazide, levodopa drug combination [SEP]


dyskinesia [SEP]  a striking antiparkinsonian effect, but all animals manifested dyskinesia. A series of agents acting primarily on neurotransmitters other


dopamine [SEP] ries of agents acting primarily on neurotransmitters other than dopamine were then tested in combination with L-DOPA to see if the dyski

Dopamine [SEP] One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and


L-DOPA [SEP] an with the toxin MPTP. They were then treated chronically with L-DOPA/benserazide 50/12.5 mg/kg given orally daily for 2 months. This


dyskinetic [SEP] amine were then tested in combination with L-DOPA to see if the dyskinetic movements would be modified. Several drugs, including clonidine


clonidine [SEP] yskinetic movements would be modified. Several drugs, including clonidine, physostigmine, methysergide, 5-MDOT, propranolol, and MK-801,

Clonidine [SEP] An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonl


physostigmine [SEP] ovements would be modified. Several drugs, including clonidine, physostigmine, methysergide, 5-MDOT, propranolol, and MK-801, markedly reduce

Physostigmine [SEP] A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also c


methysergide [SEP] be modified. Several drugs, including clonidine, physostigmine, methysergide, 5-MDOT, propranolol, and MK-801, markedly reduced the dyskinet

Methysergide [SEP] An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels a


propranolol [SEP] rugs, including clonidine, physostigmine, methysergide, 5-MDOT, propranolol, and MK-801, markedly reduced the dyskinetic movements but at t

Propranolol [SEP] A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; A


MK-801 [SEP] lonidine, physostigmine, methysergide, 5-MDOT, propranolol, and MK-801, markedly reduced the dyskinetic movements but at the cost of a

Dizocilpine Maleate [SEP] A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The dr


yohimbine [SEP] t the cost of a return of parkinsonian symptomatology. However, yohimbine and meperidine reduced predominantly the dyskinetic movements.

Yohimbine [SEP] A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECT


meperidine [SEP] a return of parkinsonian symptomatology. However, yohimbine and meperidine reduced predominantly the dyskinetic movements. Baclofen was al

Meperidine [SEP] A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and


Baclofen [SEP]  and meperidine reduced predominantly the dyskinetic movements. Baclofen was also useful in one monkey against a more dystonic form of d

Baclofen [SEP] A GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID derivative that is a specific agonist of GABA-B RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MUSCLE SPAST


dystonic [SEP] ovements. Baclofen was also useful in one monkey against a more dystonic form of dyskinesia. Atropine converted the dystonic movements i

Dystonic Disorders [SEP] Acquired and inherited conditions that feature DYSTONIA as a primary manifestation of disease. These disorders are generally div


Atropine [SEP] seful in one monkey against a more dystonic form of dyskinesia. Atropine converted the dystonic movements into chorea.

Atropine [SEP] An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE. Hyoscyamine is the 3(S)-endo isome


chorea [SEP] m of dyskinesia. Atropine converted the dystonic movements into chorea.

Chorea [SEP] Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movem


CCNU [SEP] CCNU (lomustine) toxicity in dogs: a retrospective study (2002-07).

Lomustine [SEP] An alkylating agent of value against both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors.


lomustine [SEP] CCNU (lomustine) toxicity in dogs: a retrospective study (2002-07).


toxicity [SEP] CCNU (lomustine) toxicity in dogs: a retrospective study (2002-07).

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


gastrointestinal toxicities [SEP] To describe the incidence of haematological, renal, hepatic and gastrointestinal toxicities in tumour-bearing dogs receiving 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl

Gastrointestinal Diseases [SEP] Diseases in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.


1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea [SEP] nd gastrointestinal toxicities in tumour-bearing dogs receiving 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU). DESIGN: The medical records of 206 dogs that were treat


CCNU [SEP] ng dogs receiving 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU). DESIGN: The medical records of 206 dogs that were treated wit


toxicity [SEP]  CCNU, 185 met the inclusion criteria for at least one class of toxicity. CCNU was used most commonly in the treatment of lymphoma, mast


lymphoma [SEP] ss of toxicity. CCNU was used most commonly in the treatment of lymphoma, mast cell tumour, brain tumour, histiocytic tumours and epithe

Lymphoma [SEP] A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.


mast cell tumour [SEP] city. CCNU was used most commonly in the treatment of lymphoma, mast cell tumour, brain tumour, histiocytic tumours and epitheliotropic lymphoma

Mastocytoma [SEP] A solid tumor consisting of a dense infiltration of MAST CELLS. It is generally benign.


brain tumour [SEP] d most commonly in the treatment of lymphoma, mast cell tumour, brain tumour, histiocytic tumours and epitheliotropic lymphoma. Throughout t

Brain Neoplasms [SEP] Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypot


histiocytic tumours [SEP] y in the treatment of lymphoma, mast cell tumour, brain tumour, histiocytic tumours and epitheliotropic lymphoma. Throughout treatment, 56.9% of do

Histiocytic Disorders, Malignant [SEP] Distinctive neoplastic disorders of histiocytes. Included are malignant neoplasms of MACROPHAGES and DENDRITIC CELLS.


epitheliotropic lymphoma [SEP] mphoma, mast cell tumour, brain tumour, histiocytic tumours and epitheliotropic lymphoma. Throughout treatment, 56.9% of dogs experienced neutropenia, 3


neutropenia [SEP] ropic lymphoma. Throughout treatment, 56.9% of dogs experienced neutropenia, 34.2% experienced anaemia and 14.2% experienced thrombocytopen

Neutropenia [SEP] A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.


anaemia [SEP] tment, 56.9% of dogs experienced neutropenia, 34.2% experienced anaemia and 14.2% experienced thrombocytopenia. Gastrointestinal toxico

Anemia [SEP] A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.


thrombocytopenia [SEP] ed neutropenia, 34.2% experienced anaemia and 14.2% experienced thrombocytopenia. Gastrointestinal toxicosis was detected in 37.8% of dogs, the

Thrombocytopenia [SEP] A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.


Gastrointestinal toxicosis [SEP] .2% experienced anaemia and 14.2% experienced thrombocytopenia. Gastrointestinal toxicosis was detected in 37.8% of dogs, the most common sign of which wa


vomiting [SEP] as detected in 37.8% of dogs, the most common sign of which was vomiting (24.3%). Potential renal toxicity and elevated alanine transami

Vomiting [SEP] The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.


alanine [SEP] ich was vomiting (24.3%). Potential renal toxicity and elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) concentration were reported in 12.2% and 48.

Alanine [SEP] A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transaminatio


hepatic failure [SEP] rted in 12.2% and 48.8% of dogs, respectively. The incidence of hepatic failure was 1.2%. CONCLUSIONS: CCNU-associated toxicity in dogs is comm

Liver Failure [SEP] Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum leve


steroids [SEP] Neuroactive steroids protect against pilocarpine- and kainic acid-induced limbic sei

Steroids [SEP] A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precurso


pilocarpine [SEP] Neuroactive steroids protect against pilocarpine- and kainic acid-induced limbic seizures and status epilepticus

Pilocarpine [SEP] A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glauco


kainic acid [SEP] Neuroactive steroids protect against pilocarpine- and kainic acid-induced limbic seizures and status epilepticus in mice.

Kainic Acid [SEP] (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digen


seizures [SEP] ids protect against pilocarpine- and kainic acid-induced limbic seizures and status epilepticus in mice.

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


status epilepticus [SEP] gainst pilocarpine- and kainic acid-induced limbic seizures and status epilepticus in mice.

Status Epilepticus [SEP] A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30


progesterone [SEP] Several structurally related metabolites of progesterone (3 alpha-hydroxy pregnane-20-ones) and deoxycorticosterone (3 a

Progesterone [SEP] The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTER


3 alpha-hydroxy pregnane-20-ones [SEP] Several structurally related metabolites of progesterone (3 alpha-hydroxy pregnane-20-ones) and deoxycorticosterone (3 alpha-hydroxy pregnane-21-diol-20-o


deoxycorticosterone [SEP] abolites of progesterone (3 alpha-hydroxy pregnane-20-ones) and deoxycorticosterone (3 alpha-hydroxy pregnane-21-diol-20-ones) and their 3 beta-epi

Desoxycorticosterone [SEP] A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE


3 alpha-hydroxy pregnane-21-diol-20-ones [SEP] one (3 alpha-hydroxy pregnane-20-ones) and deoxycorticosterone (3 alpha-hydroxy pregnane-21-diol-20-ones) and their 3 beta-epimers were evaluated for protective activit


pilocarpine [SEP] r 3 beta-epimers were evaluated for protective activity against pilocarpine-, kainic acid- and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced seizures


kainic acid [SEP] rs were evaluated for protective activity against pilocarpine-, kainic acid- and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced seizures in mice. Ster


N-methyl-D-aspartate [SEP]  for protective activity against pilocarpine-, kainic acid- and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced seizures in mice. Steroids with the 3-hydroxy gr

N-Methylaspartate [SEP] An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NM


NMDA [SEP] ty against pilocarpine-, kainic acid- and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced seizures in mice. Steroids with the 3-hydroxy group in


seizures [SEP] ocarpine-, kainic acid- and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced seizures in mice. Steroids with the 3-hydroxy group in the alpha-positio


Steroids [SEP] acid- and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced seizures in mice. Steroids with the 3-hydroxy group in the alpha-position and 5-H in the a


status epilepticus [SEP] pilocarpine (416 mg/kg, s.c.)-induced limbic motor seizures and status epilepticus (ED50 values, 7.0-18.7 mg/kg, i.p.). The corresponding epimers


steroids [SEP] potent (ED50 values, 33.8-63.5, i.p.). Although the neuroactive steroids were considerably less potent than the benzodiazepine clonazepa


benzodiazepine [SEP] the neuroactive steroids were considerably less potent than the benzodiazepine clonazepam in protecting against pilocarpine seizures, steroids

Benzodiazepines [SEP] A group of two-ring heterocyclic compounds consisting of a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring.