tacrolimus [SEP] ped rosacea-like dermatitis eruptions while using 0.03% or 0.1% tacrolimus ointment for facial dermatitis. Skin biopsy specimens showed te


facial dermatitis [SEP] tis eruptions while using 0.03% or 0.1% tacrolimus ointment for facial dermatitis. Skin biopsy specimens showed telangiectasia and noncaseating e

Facial Dermatoses [SEP]


telangiectasia [SEP] us ointment for facial dermatitis. Skin biopsy specimens showed telangiectasia and noncaseating epithelioid granulomatous tissue formation in

Telangiectasis [SEP] Permanent dilation of preexisting blood vessels (CAPILLARIES; ARTERIOLES; VENULES) creating small focal red lesions, most common


pimecrolimus [SEP] ontinuous topical use of immunomodulators such as tacrolimus or pimecrolimus should be regarded as a potential cause of rosaceiform dermatit

pimecrolimus [SEP]


Tacrine [SEP] el of colloidal drug delivery system, able to trespass the BBB. Tacrine, administered in LiCl pre-treated rats, induces electrocorticog

Tacrine [SEP] A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxant


LiCl [SEP] very system, able to trespass the BBB. Tacrine, administered in LiCl pre-treated rats, induces electrocorticographic seizures and de

Lithium Chloride [SEP] A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.


seizures [SEP] istered in LiCl pre-treated rats, induces electrocorticographic seizures and delayed hippocampal damage. The toxic effects of tacrine-lo

Seizures [SEP] Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of br


hippocampal damage [SEP] reated rats, induces electrocorticographic seizures and delayed hippocampal damage. The toxic effects of tacrine-loaded poly-L-lactid acid nanopar

Brain Injuries [SEP] Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and


tacrine [SEP] c seizures and delayed hippocampal damage. The toxic effects of tacrine-loaded poly-L-lactid acid nanoparticles (5mg/kg), a saline solu


epileptic [SEP] rticles showed an earlier outcome of CNS adverse symptoms, i.e. epileptic onset, with respect to those animals treated with the free comp

Epilepsy [SEP] A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuron


damage of neuronal cells [SEP] n addition, tacrine-loaded nanoparticles administration induced damage of neuronal cells in CA1 field of the hippocampus in all treated animals, while t


lithium [SEP]  severity of neurodegenerative processes induced by the tacrine-lithium model of epilepsy in the rat, could be used to evaluate prelimi

Lithium [SEP] An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of


epilepsy [SEP] odegenerative processes induced by the tacrine-lithium model of epilepsy in the rat, could be used to evaluate preliminarily the capabil


pilocarpine [SEP] The antiarrhythmic effect and possible ionic mechanisms of pilocarpine on animal models.

Pilocarpine [SEP] A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glauco


pilocarpine [SEP] This study was designed to evaluate the effects of pilocarpine and explore the underlying ionic mechanism, using both aconitin


aconitine [SEP] ocarpine and explore the underlying ionic mechanism, using both aconitine-induced rat and ouabain-induced guinea pig arrhythmia models. C

Aconitine [SEP] A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM plants. It activates VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It has


ouabain [SEP] nderlying ionic mechanism, using both aconitine-induced rat and ouabain-induced guinea pig arrhythmia models. Confocal microscopy was u

Ouabain [SEP] A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants


arrhythmia [SEP] using both aconitine-induced rat and ouabain-induced guinea pig arrhythmia models. Confocal microscopy was used to measure intracellular f

Arrhythmias, Cardiac [SEP] Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by


calcium [SEP] els. Confocal microscopy was used to measure intracellular free-calcium concentrations ([Ca(2+)](i)) in isolated myocytes. The current

Calcium [SEP] A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic sym


Ca [SEP] was used to measure intracellular free-calcium concentrations ([Ca(2+)](i)) in isolated myocytes. The current data showed that pil


arrhythmias [SEP] ent data showed that pilocarpine significantly delayed onset of arrhythmias, decreased the time course of ventricular tachycardia and fibri


ventricular tachycardia [SEP] ntly delayed onset of arrhythmias, decreased the time course of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, reduced arrhythmia score, and increased the s

Tachycardia, Ventricular [SEP] An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the


arrhythmic [SEP] n, reduced arrhythmia score, and increased the survival time of arrhythmic rats and guinea pigs. [Ca(2+)](i) overload induced by aconitine


acetylcholine [SEP] myocytes pretreated with pilocarpine. Moreover, M(3)-muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist 4-DAMP (4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylp

Acetylcholine [SEP] A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathe


4-DAMP [SEP] over, M(3)-muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist 4-DAMP (4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine-methiodide) partially abo

4-diphenylacetoxy-1,1-dimethylpiperidinium [SEP]


4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine-methiodide [SEP] 3)-muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist 4-DAMP (4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine-methiodide) partially abolished the beneficial effects of pilocarpine. The


Disulfiram [SEP] Disulfiram-induced transient optic and peripheral neuropathy: a case repor

Disulfiram [SEP] A carbamate derivative used as an alcohol deterrent. It is a relatively nontoxic substance when administered alone, but markedly


peripheral neuropathy [SEP] Disulfiram-induced transient optic and peripheral neuropathy: a case report.

Peripheral Nervous System Diseases [SEP] Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, pl


peripheral neuropathy [SEP] AIM: To report a case of optic and peripheral neuropathy after chronic use of disulfiram for alcohol dependence manageme


disulfiram [SEP]  a case of optic and peripheral neuropathy after chronic use of disulfiram for alcohol dependence management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cas


alcohol dependence [SEP] c and peripheral neuropathy after chronic use of disulfiram for alcohol dependence management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case report. RESULTS: A 57

Alcoholism [SEP] A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations.


loss of vision [SEP] case report. RESULTS: A 57-year-old male presented with gradual loss of vision in both eyes with intermittent headaches for 2 months. He also

Vision Disorders [SEP] Visual impairments limiting one or more of the basic functions of the eye: visual acuity, dark adaptation, color vision, or peri


headaches [SEP] nted with gradual loss of vision in both eyes with intermittent headaches for 2 months. He also complained of paraesthesia with numbness

Headache [SEP] The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACH


paraesthesia [SEP] with intermittent headaches for 2 months. He also complained of paraesthesia with numbness in both feet. His vision was 6/15 and 2/60 in the

Paresthesia [SEP] Subjective cutaneous sensations (e.g., cold, warmth, tingling, pressure, etc.) that are experienced spontaneously in the absence


numbness [SEP] headaches for 2 months. He also complained of paraesthesia with numbness in both feet. His vision was 6/15 and 2/60 in the right and lef

Hypesthesia [SEP] Absent or reduced sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation.


scotomata [SEP]  heads. Visual field testing confirmed bilateral central-caecal scotomata. He had been taking disulfiram for alcohol dependence for the p

Scotoma [SEP] A localized defect in the visual field bordered by an area of normal vision. This occurs with a variety of EYE DISEASES (e.g., R


Disulfiram [SEP] ng disulfiram for alcohol dependence for the preceding 3 years. Disulfiram discontinuation lead to an immediate symptomatic improvement. C


hepatitis B [SEP] Sustained clinical improvement of a patient with decompensated hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis after treatment with lamivudine monothe

Hepatitis B [SEP] INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transm


cirrhosis [SEP] ement of a patient with decompensated hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis after treatment with lamivudine monotherapy.

Fibrosis [SEP] Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other


lamivudine [SEP] nsated hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis after treatment with lamivudine monotherapy.

Lamivudine [SEP] A reverse transcriptase inhibitor and ZALCITABINE analog in which a sulfur atom replaces the 3' carbon of the pentose ring. It i


Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection [SEP] Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, which causes liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, rem


liver cirrhosis [SEP] Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, which causes liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, remains a major health problem in

Liver Cirrhosis [SEP] Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably


hepatocellular carcinoma [SEP] titis B virus (HBV) infection, which causes liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, remains a major health problem in Asian countries. Recent deve

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular [SEP] A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indisti


cirrhosis [SEP] Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, which causes liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, remains a major health problem in


lamivudine [SEP] d been referred to our hospital. However, the administration of lamivudine, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, for 23 months dramatically


hepatitis B surface antigen [SEP] en after the antiviral therapy was discontinued. Moreover, both hepatitis B surface antigen and e antigen were observed to have disappeared in this patient

Hepatitis B Surface Antigens [SEP] Those hepatitis B antigens found on the surface of the Dane particle and on the 20 nm spherical and tubular particles. Several s


melatonin [SEP] Dual effects of melatonin on barbiturate-induced narcosis in rats.

Melatonin [SEP] A biogenic amine that is found in animals and plants. In mammals, melatonin is produced by the PINEAL GLAND. Its secretion incre


barbiturate [SEP] Dual effects of melatonin on barbiturate-induced narcosis in rats.

barbituric acid [SEP]


narcosis [SEP] Dual effects of melatonin on barbiturate-induced narcosis in rats.

Stupor [SEP] A state of reduced sensibility and response to stimuli which is distinguished from COMA in that the person can be aroused by vig


Melatonin [SEP] Melatonin affects the circadian sleep/wake cycle, but it is not clear whe


narcosis [SEP] ycle, but it is not clear whether it may influence drug-induced narcosis. Sodium thiopenthal was administered intraperitoneally into mal


Sodium thiopenthal [SEP] it is not clear whether it may influence drug-induced narcosis. Sodium thiopenthal was administered intraperitoneally into male rats pre-treated w

Thiopental [SEP] A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anest


melatonin [SEP]  administered intraperitoneally into male rats pre-treated with melatonin (0.05, 0.5, 5 and 50 mg/kg). Melatonin pre-treatment affected i


barbiturate [SEP] nd 50 mg/kg). Melatonin pre-treatment affected in a dual manner barbiturate narcosis, however, no dose-effect correlation was found. In par

barbituric acid [SEP]


ketamine [SEP]  0.5 and 5 mg/kg influenced the duration but not the latency of ketamine- or diazepam-induced narcosis. Thus, the dual action of melaton

Ketamine [SEP] A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can bl


diazepam [SEP] /kg influenced the duration but not the latency of ketamine- or diazepam-induced narcosis. Thus, the dual action of melatonin on pharmac

Diazepam [SEP] A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of actio


NIK-247 [SEP] Effects of NIK-247 on cholinesterase and scopolamine-induced amnesia.

amiridine [SEP]


scopolamine [SEP] Effects of NIK-247 on cholinesterase and scopolamine-induced amnesia.

Scopolamine Hydrobromide [SEP] An alkaloid from SOLANACEAE, especially DATURA and SCOPOLIA. Scopolamine and its quaternary derivatives act as antimuscarinics l


amnesia [SEP] Effects of NIK-247 on cholinesterase and scopolamine-induced amnesia.

Amnesia [SEP] Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMN


NIK-247 [SEP] The effects of NIK-247 on cholinesterase, scopolamine-induced amnesia and spontaneous

amiridine [SEP]


scopolamine [SEP] The effects of NIK-247 on cholinesterase, scopolamine-induced amnesia and spontaneous movement were examined and comp


amnesia [SEP] The effects of NIK-247 on cholinesterase, scopolamine-induced amnesia and spontaneous movement were examined and compared with those


tacrine [SEP] compared with those of the well-known cholinesterase inhibitors tacrine and E-2020. NIK-247, tacrine and E-2020 all strongly inhibited

Tacrine [SEP] A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxant


E-2020 [SEP] h those of the well-known cholinesterase inhibitors tacrine and E-2020. NIK-247, tacrine and E-2020 all strongly inhibited acetylcholi

donepezil [SEP]


Alzheimer's disease [SEP]  suggest that NIK-247 may be a useful drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer Disease [SEP] A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention


hallucinations [SEP] Nightmares and hallucinations after long-term intake of tramadol combined with antidepressant

Hallucinations [SEP] Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real.


tramadol [SEP] Nightmares and hallucinations after long-term intake of tramadol combined with antidepressants.

Tramadol [SEP] A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.


Tramadol [SEP] Tramadol is a weak opioid with effects on adrenergic and serotonergic ne


cancer [SEP] nergic and serotonergic neurotransmission that is used to treat cancer pain and chronic non malignant pain. This drug was initiated in

Neoplasms [SEP] New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and me


pain [SEP] and serotonergic neurotransmission that is used to treat cancer pain and chronic non malignant pain. This drug was initiated in asso

Pain [SEP] An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.


paroxetine [SEP] non malignant pain. This drug was initiated in association with paroxetine and dosulepine hydrochloride in a tetraparetic patient with chr

Paroxetine [SEP] A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.


dosulepine hydrochloride [SEP] ain. This drug was initiated in association with paroxetine and dosulepine hydrochloride in a tetraparetic patient with chronic pain. Fifty-six days aft

Dothiepin [SEP] A tricyclic antidepressant with some tranquilizing action.


chronic pain [SEP] ine and dosulepine hydrochloride in a tetraparetic patient with chronic pain. Fifty-six days after initiation of the treatment the patient p

Chronic Pain [SEP] Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persi


hallucinations [SEP] ix days after initiation of the treatment the patient presented hallucinations that only stopped after the withdrawal of psycho-active drugs a


tramadol [SEP] at only stopped after the withdrawal of psycho-active drugs and tramadol. The case report questions the long term use of pain killers co


rheumatoid arthritis [SEP] Apparent cure of rheumatoid arthritis by bone marrow transplantation.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid [SEP] A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular stru


rheumatoid arthritis [SEP] ion of sustained remissions and possible cure of severe erosive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in 2 patients. BMT wa


RA [SEP] sions and possible cure of severe erosive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in 2 patients. BMT was us


aplastic anemia [SEP] ansplantation (BMT) in 2 patients. BMT was used to treat severe aplastic anemia which was caused by gold in one case and D-penicillamine in the

Anemia, Aplastic [SEP] A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.


gold [SEP] MT was used to treat severe aplastic anemia which was caused by gold in one case and D-penicillamine in the other. In the 8 and 6 ye

Gold [SEP] A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating


D-penicillamine [SEP] severe aplastic anemia which was caused by gold in one case and D-penicillamine in the other. In the 8 and 6 years since the transplants (repre

Penicillamine [SEP] 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic a


synovitis [SEP] a therapeutic option for patients with uncontrolled destructive synovitis.

Synovitis [SEP] Inflammation of a synovial membrane. It is usually painful, particularly on motion, and is characterized by a fluctuating swelli


injury to different regions of the kidney [SEP] Urinary enzymes and protein patterns as indicators of injury to different regions of the kidney.

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


Acute experimental models of renal damage [SEP] Acute experimental models of renal damage to the proximal tubular, glomerular, and papillary regions of t

Acute Kidney Injury [SEP] Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney


hexachloro-1:3-butadiene [SEP] papillary regions of the rat were produced by administration of hexachloro-1:3-butadiene (HCBD), puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN), and 2-bromoethylamine

hexachlorobutadiene [SEP]


HCBD [SEP] at were produced by administration of hexachloro-1:3-butadiene (HCBD), puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN), and 2-bromoethylamine (BEA),

hexachlorobutadiene [SEP]


puromycin aminonucleoside [SEP]  produced by administration of hexachloro-1:3-butadiene (HCBD), puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN), and 2-bromoethylamine (BEA), respectively. Several routi

Puromycin Aminonucleoside [SEP] PUROMYCIN derivative that lacks the methoxyphenylalanyl group on the amine of the sugar ring. It is an antibiotic with antineopl


PAN [SEP]  of hexachloro-1:3-butadiene (HCBD), puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN), and 2-bromoethylamine (BEA), respectively. Several routine in


2-bromoethylamine [SEP] loro-1:3-butadiene (HCBD), puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN), and 2-bromoethylamine (BEA), respectively. Several routine indicators of nephrotoxici

2-bromoethylamine [SEP]


BEA [SEP] (HCBD), puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN), and 2-bromoethylamine (BEA), respectively. Several routine indicators of nephrotoxicity, t

2-bromoethylamine [SEP]


nephrotoxicity [SEP] moethylamine (BEA), respectively. Several routine indicators of nephrotoxicity, the enzymes alkaline phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosamini


protein excretion [SEP]  and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, and the molecular weight of protein excretion were determined on urine samples. Tubular damage produced by HC

Proteinuria [SEP] The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.


glomerular damage [SEP] EA was discriminated both quantitatively and qualitatively from glomerular damage produced by PAN. The latter was characterized by a pronounced i


excretion of proteins [SEP] in tubular damage was raised only slightly and characterized by excretion of proteins of a wide range of molecular weights. Proximal tubular damage c


glucose [SEP] easurement of the two urinary enzymes. Alkaline phosphatase and glucose were markedly and transiently elevated in proximal tubular dama

Glucose [SEP] A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in i


renal damage [SEP] Acute experimental models of renal damage to the proximal tubular, glomerular, and papillary regions of t


Neuromuscular blockade [SEP] Neuromuscular blockade with magnesium sulfate and nifedipine.

Neuromuscular Manifestations [SEP] Signs and symptoms associated with diseases of the muscle, neuromuscular junction, or peripheral nerves.


magnesium sulfate [SEP] Neuromuscular blockade with magnesium sulfate and nifedipine.

Magnesium Sulfate [SEP] A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclamps


nifedipine [SEP] Neuromuscular blockade with magnesium sulfate and nifedipine.

Nifedipine [SEP] A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.


nifedipine [SEP] A patient who received tocolysis with nifedipine developed neuromuscular blockade after 500 mg of magnesium sulf


neuromuscular blockade [SEP] A patient who received tocolysis with nifedipine developed neuromuscular blockade after 500 mg of magnesium sulfate was administered. This reacti


magnesium sulfate [SEP] ith nifedipine developed neuromuscular blockade after 500 mg of magnesium sulfate was administered. This reaction demonstrates that nifedipine ca


toxicity [SEP] ction demonstrates that nifedipine can seriously potentiate the toxicity of magnesium. Caution should be exercised when these two tocoly

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


magnesium [SEP] ith nifedipine developed neuromuscular blockade after 500 mg of magnesium sulfate was administered. This reaction demonstrates that nifed

Magnesium [SEP] A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of


Ifosfamide [SEP] Ifosfamide continuous infusion without mesna. A phase I trial of a 14-day

Ifosfamide [SEP] Positional isomer of CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE which is active as an alkylating agent and an immunosuppressive agent.


mesna [SEP] Ifosfamide continuous infusion without mesna. A phase I trial of a 14-day cycle.

Mesna [SEP] A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFA


ifosfamide [SEP] Twenty patients received 27 courses of ifosfamide administered as a 24-hour continuous infusion for 14 days witho


Mesna [SEP] ministered as a 24-hour continuous infusion for 14 days without Mesna. The goal of the study was to deliver a dose rate and total cum


hematuria [SEP]  and 550 mg/m2/d. Four patients developed transient microscopic hematuria at 400, 450, and 500 mg/m2/d. There were no instances of macros

Hematuria [SEP] Presence of blood in the urine.


toxicity [SEP] maturia. At 550 mg/m2/d, three patients experienced nonurologic toxicity; confusion (1), nausea (1), and Grade 2 leukopenia (1). The rec


confusion [SEP] t 550 mg/m2/d, three patients experienced nonurologic toxicity; confusion (1), nausea (1), and Grade 2 leukopenia (1). The recommended do

Confusion [SEP] A mental state characterized by bewilderment, emotional disturbance, lack of clear thinking, and perceptual disorientation.


nausea [SEP] three patients experienced nonurologic toxicity; confusion (1), nausea (1), and Grade 2 leukopenia (1). The recommended dose of 500 mg

Nausea [SEP] An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and moti


leukopenia [SEP] ed nonurologic toxicity; confusion (1), nausea (1), and Grade 2 leukopenia (1). The recommended dose of 500 mg/m2/d delivers a total dose

Leukopenia [SEP]


Myocardial infarction [SEP] Myocardial infarction in pregnancy associated with clomiphene citrate for ovulation i

Myocardial Infarction [SEP] NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).


clomiphene citrate [SEP] Myocardial infarction in pregnancy associated with clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction: a case report.

Clomiphene [SEP] A triphenyl ethylene stilbene derivative which is an estrogen agonist or antagonist depending on the target tissue. Note that EN


Clomiphene citrate [SEP] BACKGROUND: Clomiphene citrate (CC) is commonly prescribed for ovulation induction. It is cons


CC [SEP] BACKGROUND: Clomiphene citrate (CC) is commonly prescribed for ovulation induction. It is consider


Thromboembolism [SEP] on induction. It is considered safe, with minimal side effects. Thromboembolism is a rare but life-threatening complication that has been repor

Thromboembolism [SEP] Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.


coronary thrombosis [SEP] as been reported after ovulation induction with CC. Spontaneous coronary thrombosis or thromboembolism with subsequent clot lysis has been suggeste

Coronary Thrombosis [SEP] Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTIO


thromboembolism [SEP] ovulation induction with CC. Spontaneous coronary thrombosis or thromboembolism with subsequent clot lysis has been suggested as one of the mos


myocardial infarction [SEP] ot lysis has been suggested as one of the most common causes of myocardial infarction (MI) during pregnancy, with a subsequently normal coronary angi


MI [SEP] sted as one of the most common causes of myocardial infarction (MI) during pregnancy, with a subsequently normal coronary angiogra


chest pain [SEP] recently received CC for ovulation induction and presented with chest pain. An electrocardiogram showed a lateral and anterior wall myocar

Chest Pain [SEP] Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.


radiation injury [SEP] rmal. At the time of admission, the patient was at high risk of radiation injury to the fetus, so a coronary angiogram was postponed until the s

Radiation Injuries [SEP] Harmful effects of non-experimental exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation in VERTEBRATES.


Thrombosis [SEP] ng a possible association between CC and myocardial infarction. Thrombosis might be a rare but hazardous complication of CC. Given this li

Thrombosis [SEP] Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.


cholangitis [SEP] Hepatonecrosis and cholangitis related to long-term phenobarbital therapy: an autopsy report o

Cholangitis [SEP] Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.


phenobarbital [SEP] Hepatonecrosis and cholangitis related to long-term phenobarbital therapy: an autopsy report of two patients.

Phenobarbital [SEP] A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC AC


Phenobarbital [SEP] Phenobarbital (PB) has a reputation for safety, and it is commonly believed t


PB [SEP] Phenobarbital (PB) has a reputation for safety, and it is commonly believed that


liver disease [SEP]  not indicate or predict the development of significant chronic liver disease. Here we report of two adult patients with a long history of ep

Liver Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the LIVER.


epilepsy [SEP] se. Here we report of two adult patients with a long history of epilepsy treated with PB who died suddenly: one as consequence of cardia

Epilepsy [SEP] A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuron


cardiac arrest [SEP] ilepsy treated with PB who died suddenly: one as consequence of cardiac arrest, the other of acute bronchopneumonia. At autopsy, analysis of l

Heart Arrest [SEP] Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most c


bronchopneumonia [SEP] denly: one as consequence of cardiac arrest, the other of acute bronchopneumonia. At autopsy, analysis of liver parenchyma revealed rich portal

Bronchopneumonia [SEP] Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is associated with BRONCHITIS, usually involving lobular areas from TERMINAL BRONCHIOLE


necrosis [SEP]  eosinophil and monocyte cells, associated with several foci of necrosis surrounded by a hard ring of non-specific granulomatous tissue.

Necrosis [SEP] The pathological process occurring in cells that are dying from irreparable injuries. It is caused by the progressive, uncontrol


liver damage [SEP]  Our findings illustrate that PB may be associated with chronic liver damage, which may lead to more serious and deleterious consequences. F


chronic hepatic enzyme dysfunction [SEP] entity in the differential diagnosis of PB-related asymptomatic chronic hepatic enzyme dysfunction.

Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Chronic [SEP] Liver disease lasting six months or more, caused by an adverse drug effect. The adverse effect may result from a direct toxic ef


Ethambutol [SEP] Ethambutol-associated optic neuropathy.

Ethambutol [SEP] An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inh


optic neuropathy [SEP] Ethambutol-associated optic neuropathy.

Optic Nerve Diseases [SEP] Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component o


Ethambutol [SEP] INTRODUCTION: Ethambutol is used in the treatment of tuberculosis, which is still preval


tuberculosis [SEP] INTRODUCTION: Ethambutol is used in the treatment of tuberculosis, which is still prevalent in Southeast Asia, and can be associa

Tuberculosis [SEP] Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM.


visual loss [SEP] evalent in Southeast Asia, and can be associated with permanent visual loss. We report 3 cases which presented with bitemporal hemianopia.

Vision Disorders [SEP] Visual impairments limiting one or more of the basic functions of the eye: visual acuity, dark adaptation, color vision, or peri


bitemporal hemianopia [SEP] h permanent visual loss. We report 3 cases which presented with bitemporal hemianopia. CLINICAL PICTURE: Three patients with ethambutol-associated to

Hemianopsia [SEP] Partial or complete loss of vision in one half of the visual field(s) of one or both eyes. Subtypes include altitudinal hemianop


ethambutol [SEP] th bitemporal hemianopia. CLINICAL PICTURE: Three patients with ethambutol-associated toxic optic neuropathy are described. All 3 patients


optic neuropathy [SEP] INICAL PICTURE: Three patients with ethambutol-associated toxic optic neuropathy are described. All 3 patients had loss of central visual acuity


loss of central visual acuity, colour vision (Ishihara) and visual field [SEP] ciated toxic optic neuropathy are described. All 3 patients had loss of central visual acuity, colour vision (Ishihara) and visual field. The visual field loss had a bitemporal flavour, suggesting inv


visual field loss [SEP] l visual acuity, colour vision (Ishihara) and visual field. The visual field loss had a bitemporal flavour, suggesting involvement of the optic c


loss of visual function [SEP] tic discs were pale. OUTCOME: All 3 patients had some permanent loss of visual function. CONCLUSIONS: Ethambutol usage is associated with permanent vis


nimesulide [SEP] Tolerability of nimesulide and paracetamol in patients with NSAID-induced urticaria/angioe

nimesulide [SEP]


paracetamol [SEP] Tolerability of nimesulide and paracetamol in patients with NSAID-induced urticaria/angioedema.

Acetaminophen [SEP] Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but


NSAID [SEP] Tolerability of nimesulide and paracetamol in patients with NSAID-induced urticaria/angioedema.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal [SEP] Anti-inflammatory agents that are non-steroidal in nature. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, they have analgesic, antipy


urticaria [SEP] ty of nimesulide and paracetamol in patients with NSAID-induced urticaria/angioedema.

Urticaria [SEP] A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability


angioedema [SEP] sulide and paracetamol in patients with NSAID-induced urticaria/angioedema.

Angioedema [SEP] Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs i


nimesulide [SEP] Previous studies evaluated the tolerance of nimesulide and paracetamol in subjects with cutaneous, respiratory and ana

nimesulide [SEP]


paracetamol [SEP] Previous studies evaluated the tolerance of nimesulide and paracetamol in subjects with cutaneous, respiratory and anaphylactoid react


nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [SEP] h cutaneous, respiratory and anaphylactoid reactions induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In this study we investigated tolerability and reliab


NSAIDs [SEP] toid reactions induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In this study we investigated tolerability and reliability of


NSAID [SEP] toid reactions induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In this study we investigated tolerability and reliability o


urticaria [SEP] ents with an exclusive well-documented history of NSAID-induced urticaria/angioedema. Furthermore, we evaluated whether some factors have


angioedema [SEP] an exclusive well-documented history of NSAID-induced urticaria/angioedema. Furthermore, we evaluated whether some factors have the potent


verapamil [SEP] Effects of verapamil on atrial fibrillation and its electrophysiological determinant

Verapamil [SEP] A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.


atrial fibrillation [SEP] Effects of verapamil on atrial fibrillation and its electrophysiological determinants in dogs.

Atrial Fibrillation [SEP] Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the


Atrial tachycardia [SEP] BACKGROUND: Atrial tachycardia-induced remodeling promotes the occurrence and maintenance of a

Tachycardia, Supraventricular [SEP] A generic expression for any tachycardia that originates above the BUNDLE OF HIS.


atrial fibrillation [SEP] a-induced remodeling promotes the occurrence and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF) and decreases L-type Ca(2+) current. There is also a clini


AF [SEP] promotes the occurrence and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF) and decreases L-type Ca(2+) current. There is also a clinical


Ca [SEP] nd maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF) and decreases L-type Ca(2+) current. There is also a clinical suggestion that acute L-t

Calcium [SEP] A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic sym


verapamil [SEP] sms of AF promotion by Ca(2+) channel blockers, we administered verapamil to morphine-chloralose anesthetized dogs. Diltiazem was used as


morphine [SEP] motion by Ca(2+) channel blockers, we administered verapamil to morphine-chloralose anesthetized dogs. Diltiazem was used as a compariso

Morphine [SEP] The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central


chloralose [SEP]  Ca(2+) channel blockers, we administered verapamil to morphine-chloralose anesthetized dogs. Diltiazem was used as a comparison drug and

Chloralose [SEP] A derivative of CHLORAL HYDRATE that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs. Its most co


Diltiazem [SEP] dministered verapamil to morphine-chloralose anesthetized dogs. Diltiazem was used as a comparison drug and autonomic blockade with atrop

Diltiazem [SEP] A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.


atropine [SEP] iazem was used as a comparison drug and autonomic blockade with atropine and nadolol was applied in some experiments. Epicardial mapping

Atropine [SEP] An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE. Hyoscyamine is the 3(S)-endo isome


nadolol [SEP] d as a comparison drug and autonomic blockade with atropine and nadolol was applied in some experiments. Epicardial mapping with 240 ep

Nadolol [SEP] A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pe


Verapamil [SEP]  electrodes was used to evaluate activation during AF. RESULTS: Verapamil caused AF promotion in six dogs, increasing mean duration of AF


diltiazem [SEP] , rather than decreasing, refractoriness. Neither verapamil nor diltiazem affected atrial conduction in the presence of autonomic blockad


Hypotension [SEP] Hypotension, bradycardia, and asystole after high-dose intravenous methylpr

Hypotension [SEP] Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DI


bradycardia [SEP] Hypotension, bradycardia, and asystole after high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone in

Bradycardia [SEP] Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. Th


asystole [SEP] Hypotension, bradycardia, and asystole after high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone in a monitored p

Heart Arrest [SEP] Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most c


methylprednisolone [SEP] otension, bradycardia, and asystole after high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone in a monitored patient.

Methylprednisolone [SEP] A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.


hypotension [SEP] We report a case of hypotension, bradycardia, and asystole after intravenous administration of


bradycardia [SEP] We report a case of hypotension, bradycardia, and asystole after intravenous administration of high-dose met


asystole [SEP] We report a case of hypotension, bradycardia, and asystole after intravenous administration of high-dose methylprednisolon


methylprednisolone [SEP] dia, and asystole after intravenous administration of high-dose methylprednisolone in a 73-year-old patient who underwent electrocardiographic (EC


ischemic [SEP] (ECG) monitoring throughout the episode. There was a history of ischemic cardiac disease 9 years earlier. The patient was admitted with

Ischemia [SEP] A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS,


cardiac disease [SEP] itoring throughout the episode. There was a history of ischemic cardiac disease 9 years earlier. The patient was admitted with a pulmonary-rena

Heart Diseases [SEP] Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.


pulmonary-renal syndrome [SEP] ardiac disease 9 years earlier. The patient was admitted with a pulmonary-renal syndrome with hemoptysis, rapidly progressive renal failure, and hypoxem

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with pulmonary hemorrhage [SEP]


hemoptysis [SEP] . The patient was admitted with a pulmonary-renal syndrome with hemoptysis, rapidly progressive renal failure, and hypoxemia that required

Hemoptysis [SEP] Expectoration or spitting of blood originating from any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT, usually from hemorrhage in the lung paren


renal failure [SEP] a pulmonary-renal syndrome with hemoptysis, rapidly progressive renal failure, and hypoxemia that required mechanical ventilation in the inte

Renal Insufficiency [SEP] Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain


hypoxemia [SEP] yndrome with hemoptysis, rapidly progressive renal failure, and hypoxemia that required mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit

Anoxia [SEP] Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.


ventricular arrhythmia [SEP] ered cardiac rhythm. The ECG showed a junctional rhythm without ventricular arrhythmia. This study reviews the current proposed mechanisms of sudden d

Arrhythmias, Cardiac [SEP] Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by


sudden death [SEP] rhythmia. This study reviews the current proposed mechanisms of sudden death after a high dose of intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP). The

Death, Sudden [SEP] The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiov


IVMP [SEP] dden death after a high dose of intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP). These mechanisms are not well understood because, in most cas


azidothymidine [SEP] Lifetime treatment of mice with azidothymidine (AZT) produces myelodysplasia.

Zidovudine [SEP] A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modific


AZT [SEP] Lifetime treatment of mice with azidothymidine (AZT) produces myelodysplasia.


myelodysplasia [SEP] Lifetime treatment of mice with azidothymidine (AZT) produces myelodysplasia.

Myelodysplastic Syndromes [SEP] Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominant


AZT [SEP] AZT has induced a macrocytic anemia in AIDS patients on long term A


macrocytic anemia [SEP] AZT has induced a macrocytic anemia in AIDS patients on long term AZT therapy. It is generally assu

Anemia, Macrocytic [SEP] Anemia characterized by larger than normal erythrocytes, increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and increased mean corpuscular


AIDS [SEP] AZT has induced a macrocytic anemia in AIDS patients on long term AZT therapy. It is generally assumed that

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome [SEP] An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-ly


thymidine [SEP] n is stopped by the insertion of AZT into the chain in place of thymidine thus preventing the phosphate hydroxyl linkages and therefore s

Thymidine [SEP]


phosphate [SEP] of AZT into the chain in place of thymidine thus preventing the phosphate hydroxyl linkages and therefore suppresses hemopoietic progenit

Phosphates [SEP] Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.


thrombocytopenia [SEP] 2.5 x 10(6). Histological examination on 9 of 10 mice with such thrombocytopenia showed changes compatible with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).

Thrombocytopenia [SEP] A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.


myelodysplastic syndrome [SEP]  mice with such thrombocytopenia showed changes compatible with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). A variety of histological patterns was observed. There w


MDS [SEP] openia showed changes compatible with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). A variety of histological patterns was observed. There were t


myelodysplasia [SEP] cal patterns was observed. There were two cases of hypocellular myelodysplasia, two cases of hypersegmented myelodysplastic granulocytosis, tw


myelodysplastic [SEP]  mice with such thrombocytopenia showed changes compatible with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). A variety of histological patterns was observed


hyperplastic marrow [SEP] e nuclei, one case of megakaryocytic myelosis associated with a hyperplastic marrow, dysmyelopoiesis and a hypocellular marrow and two cases of mye

Bone Marrow Diseases [SEP]


dysmyelopoiesis [SEP]  megakaryocytic myelosis associated with a hyperplastic marrow, dysmyelopoiesis and a hypocellular marrow and two cases of myelodysplasia with


hypocellular marrow [SEP] is associated with a hyperplastic marrow, dysmyelopoiesis and a hypocellular marrow and two cases of myelodysplasia with dyserythropoiesis, hemosid

Bone Marrow Diseases [SEP]


hemosiderosis [SEP]  marrow and two cases of myelodysplasia with dyserythropoiesis, hemosiderosis and a hypocellular marrow. Above mentioned AZT incorporation ma

Hemosiderosis [SEP] Conditions in which there is a generalized increase in the iron stores of body tissues, particularly of liver and the MONONUCLEA


NAD [SEP] Influence of diet free of NAD-precursors on acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice.

NAD [SEP] A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is foun


acetaminophen [SEP] Influence of diet free of NAD-precursors on acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice.

Acetaminophen [SEP] Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but


hepatotoxicity [SEP] Influence of diet free of NAD-precursors on acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice.

Drug-Induced Liver Injury [SEP] A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug


nicotinic acid amide [SEP] Recently, we demonstrated the hepatoprotective effects of nicotinic acid amide, a selective inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP; EC

Niacinamide [SEP] An important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure


poly(ADP-ribose) [SEP] ctive effects of nicotinic acid amide, a selective inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP; EC 2.4.2.30) on mice suffering from acetamino

Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose [SEP] A polynucleotide formed from the ADP-RIBOSE moiety of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASES.


acetaminophen [SEP] P-ribose) polymerase (PARP; EC 2.4.2.30) on mice suffering from acetaminophen (AAP)-hepatitis, suggesting that the AAP-induced liver injury i


AAP [SEP] erase (PARP; EC 2.4.2.30) on mice suffering from acetaminophen (AAP)-hepatitis, suggesting that the AAP-induced liver injury involv


hepatitis [SEP]  (PARP; EC 2.4.2.30) on mice suffering from acetaminophen (AAP)-hepatitis, suggesting that the AAP-induced liver injury involves a step w


liver injury [SEP]  acetaminophen (AAP)-hepatitis, suggesting that the AAP-induced liver injury involves a step which depends on adenoribosylation. The present


NAD [SEP]  study investigates the effects of a diet free of precursors of NAD, the substrate on which PARP acts, in female NMRI mice with AAP


ethanol [SEP]  with AAP hepatitis and evaluates the influence of simultaneous ethanol consumption in these animals. Liver injuries were quantified as

Ethanol [SEP] A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bacterici


Liver injuries [SEP] influence of simultaneous ethanol consumption in these animals. Liver injuries were quantified as serum activities of glutamate-oxaloacetate t


glutamate [SEP]  animals. Liver injuries were quantified as serum activities of glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate-pyruvate transami

Glutamic Acid [SEP] A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in th


oxaloacetate [SEP] Liver injuries were quantified as serum activities of glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT). W

Oxaloacetic Acid [SEP] A dicarboxylic acid ketone that is an important metabolic intermediate of the CITRIC ACID CYCLE. It can be converted to ASPARTIC


pyruvate [SEP] ties of glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT). While AAP caused a 117-fold elevation of se

Pyruvic Acid [SEP] An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retard


NAA [SEP] y exacerbated by ethanol and inhibited by nicotinic acid amide (NAA), adverse effects were noted in animals fed a diet free of prec


liver damage [SEP]  exacerbation caused by ethanol in mice on a standard diet, the liver damage was inhibited by 50% by ethanol. A further 64% reduction of hep


hepatic damage [SEP]  pharmaceutical preparations of acetaminophen in order to avoid hepatic damage in patients treated with this widely used analgesic.


cibenzoline [SEP] Antiarrhythmic plasma concentrations of cibenzoline on canine ventricular arrhythmias.

cifenline [SEP]


ventricular arrhythmias [SEP] Antiarrhythmic plasma concentrations of cibenzoline on canine ventricular arrhythmias.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac [SEP] Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by


digitalis [SEP] Using two-stage coronary ligation-, digitalis-, and adrenaline-induced canine ventricular arrhythmias, antiar

Digitalis Glycosides [SEP] Glycosides from plants of the genus DIGITALIS. Some of these are useful as cardiotonic and anti-arrhythmia agents. Included also


adrenaline [SEP] Using two-stage coronary ligation-, digitalis-, and adrenaline-induced canine ventricular arrhythmias, antiarrhythmic effects

Epinephrine [SEP] The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes


ventricular arrhythmias [SEP] e coronary ligation-, digitalis-, and adrenaline-induced canine ventricular arrhythmias, antiarrhythmic effects of cibenzoline were examined and the mi


cibenzoline [SEP] duced canine ventricular arrhythmias, antiarrhythmic effects of cibenzoline were examined and the minimum effective plasma concentration fo

cifenline [SEP]


arrhythmia [SEP] igation-, digitalis-, and adrenaline-induced canine ventricular arrhythmias, antiarrhythmic effects of cibenzoline were examined and the m


Cibenzoline [SEP]  plasma concentration for each arrhythmia model was determined. Cibenzoline suppressed all the arrhythmias, and the minimum effective plasm

cifenline [SEP]


arrhythmias [SEP] igation-, digitalis-, and adrenaline-induced canine ventricular arrhythmias, antiarrhythmic effects of cibenzoline were examined and the mi


mexiletine [SEP] rrhythmias. This pharmacological profile is similar to those of mexiletine and tocainide, and all three drugs have central nervous system

Mexiletine [SEP] Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.


tocainide [SEP] s pharmacological profile is similar to those of mexiletine and tocainide, and all three drugs have central nervous system (CNS) stimulan

Tocainide [SEP] An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of SODIUM CHANNELS.


hypotensive [SEP] ystem (CNS) stimulant action. Because cibenzoline had only weak hypotensive and sinus node depressive effects and was found to be orally ac

Hypotension [SEP] Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DI


depressive [SEP] n. Because cibenzoline had only weak hypotensive and sinus node depressive effects and was found to be orally active when given to coronar

Depressive Disorder [SEP] An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood distur


penicillamine [SEP] Immunopathology of penicillamine-induced glomerular disease.

Penicillamine [SEP] 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic a


glomerular disease [SEP] Immunopathology of penicillamine-induced glomerular disease.

Kidney Diseases [SEP] Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


rheumatoid arthritis [SEP] Four patients with rheumatoid arthritis developed heavy proteinuria after five to 12 months of treatmen

Arthritis, Rheumatoid [SEP] A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular stru


proteinuria [SEP] Four patients with rheumatoid arthritis developed heavy proteinuria after five to 12 months of treatment with D-penicillamine. Ligh

Proteinuria [SEP] The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.


D-penicillamine [SEP] ped heavy proteinuria after five to 12 months of treatment with D-penicillamine. Light microscopy of renal biopsy samples showed minimal glomer


membranous glomerulonephritis [SEP] sits of IgG and C3. The findings were similar to those in early membranous glomerulonephritis, differences being observed however in the results of staining

Glomerulonephritis, Membranous [SEP] A type of glomerulonephritis that is characterized by the accumulation of immune deposits (COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX) o


Ventricular fibrillation [SEP] Ventricular fibrillation from diatrizoate with and without chelating agents.

Ventricular Fibrillation [SEP] A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (40


diatrizoate [SEP] Ventricular fibrillation from diatrizoate with and without chelating agents.

Diatrizoate [SEP] A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studi


toxicity [SEP] The toxicity of Renografin 76% was compared with that of Hypaque 76% by sele

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


Renografin 76% [SEP] The toxicity of Renografin 76% was compared with that of Hypaque 76% by selective injection of

urovision [SEP]


Hypaque 76% [SEP] The toxicity of Renografin 76% was compared with that of Hypaque 76% by selective injection of each into the right coronary artery o

urovision [SEP]


Renografin [SEP] The toxicity of Renografin 76% was compared with that of Hypaque 76% by selective injectio

Diatrizoate Meglumine [SEP] A versatile x-ray contrast medium for diagnostic radiology. It can be administered by most routes.


sodium citrate [SEP] ronary artery of dogs. Renografin contains the chelating agents sodium citrate and disodium edetate, while Hypaque contains calcium disodium e

sodium citrate [SEP]


disodium edetate [SEP] gs. Renografin contains the chelating agents sodium citrate and disodium edetate, while Hypaque contains calcium disodium edetate and no sodium

Edetic Acid [SEP] A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing an


Hypaque [SEP] The toxicity of Renografin 76% was compared with that of Hypaque 76% by selective injection of each into the right coronary arte


calcium disodium edetate [SEP] nts sodium citrate and disodium edetate, while Hypaque contains calcium disodium edetate and no sodium citrate. Ventricular fibrillation occurred signif


Ventricular fibrillation [SEP] ypaque contains calcium disodium edetate and no sodium citrate. Ventricular fibrillation occurred significantly more often with Renografin, suggesting t


hemorrhage [SEP] Rapid reversal of anticoagulation reduces hemorrhage volume in a mouse model of warfarin-associated intracerebral he

Hemorrhage [SEP] Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.


warfarin [SEP] f anticoagulation reduces hemorrhage volume in a mouse model of warfarin-associated intracerebral hemorrhage.

Warfarin [SEP] An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the


intracerebral hemorrhage [SEP] duces hemorrhage volume in a mouse model of warfarin-associated intracerebral hemorrhage.

Cerebral Hemorrhage [SEP] Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with


Warfarin [SEP] Warfarin-associated intracerebral hemorrhage (W-ICH) is a severe type of


intracerebral hemorrhage [SEP] Warfarin-associated intracerebral hemorrhage (W-ICH) is a severe type of stroke. There is no consensus on th


ICH [SEP] Warfarin-associated intracerebral hemorrhage (W-ICH) is a severe type of stroke. There is no consensus on the optim


stroke [SEP] associated intracerebral hemorrhage (W-ICH) is a severe type of stroke. There is no consensus on the optimal treatment for W-ICH. Usin

Stroke [SEP] A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA o


prothrombin complex concentrate [SEP] ested whether the rapid reversal of anticoagulation using human prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) can reduce hemorrhagic blood volume. Male CD-1 mice were

prothrombin complex concentrates [SEP]


PCC [SEP] of anticoagulation using human prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) can reduce hemorrhagic blood volume. Male CD-1 mice were treat

prothrombin complex concentrates [SEP]


warfarin [SEP] duce hemorrhagic blood volume. Male CD-1 mice were treated with warfarin (2 mg/kg over 24 h), resulting in a mean (+/-s.d.) Internationa


hemorrhage [SEP] Warfarin-associated intracerebral hemorrhage (W-ICH) is a severe type of stroke. There is no consensus on th


hematomas [SEP]  P=0.015). In the saline group, 45% of the mice developed large hematomas (i.e., >15 microL). In contrast, such extensive lesions were ne

Hematoma [SEP] A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.


alcohol [SEP] Impact of alcohol exposure after pregnancy recognition on ultrasonographic fetal

Ethanol [SEP] A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bacterici


alcohol [SEP] er Jones and Smith (1973) reported on the devastation caused by alcohol exposure on fetal development, the rates of heavy drinking duri


growth impairment [SEP] ned the utility of biometry for detecting alcohol-related fetal growth impairment. METHODS: We obtained fetal ultrasound measures from routine ul

Growth Disorders [SEP] Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportio


drug abuse [SEP]  groups after controlling for influences of gestational age and drug abuse. RESULTS: Nearly half of the pregnant drinkers abstained after

Substance-Related Disorders [SEP] Disorders related to substance abuse.


reduced cerebellar growth [SEP]  postpregnancy recognition among the heavy drinkers resulted in reduced cerebellar growth as well as decreased cranial to body growth in comparison with


decreased cranial to body growth [SEP] heavy drinkers resulted in reduced cerebellar growth as well as decreased cranial to body growth in comparison with women who either quit drinking or who were n


Amphetamine [SEP] on with women who either quit drinking or who were nondrinkers. Amphetamine abuse was predictive of larger cranial to body growth ratios. C

Amphetamine [SEP] A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blockin


overactive bladder [SEP] Urinary symptoms and quality of life changes in Thai women with overactive bladder after tolterodine treatment.

Urinary Bladder, Overactive [SEP] Symptom of overactive detrusor muscle of the URINARY BLADDER that contracts with abnormally high frequency and urgency. Overacti


tolterodine [SEP] ity of life changes in Thai women with overactive bladder after tolterodine treatment.

tolterodine [SEP]


overactive bladder [SEP] urinary symptoms and quality of life changes in Thai women with overactive bladder (OAB) after tolterodine treatment. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Thirty


OAB [SEP]  quality of life changes in Thai women with overactive bladder (OAB) after tolterodine treatment. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Thirty women


tolterodine [SEP]  life changes in Thai women with overactive bladder (OAB) after tolterodine treatment. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Thirty women (aged 30-77 years)

tolterodine [SEP]


Tolterodine [SEP]  from January to April 2004 were included in the present study. Tolterodine 2 mg, twice daily was given. After 8 weeks treatment, changes i

tolterodine [SEP]


nocturia [SEP] rom 16. 7 +/- 5. 3 to 6. 7 +/- 2.4 times per day. The number of nocturia episodes decreased from 5.4 +/- 4.2 to 1.1 +/- 1.0 times per ni

Nocturia [SEP] Frequent URINATION at night that interrupts sleep. It is often associated with outflow obstruction, DIABETES MELLITUS, or bladde


dry month [SEP] to 1.1 +/- 1.0 times per night. The most common side effect was dry month in 5 cases (16.7%) with 2 cases reporting a moderate degree and

Xerostomia [SEP] Decreased salivary flow.


dry mouth [SEP] one case (3.3%) withdrew from the present study due to a severe dry mouth. The SF-36 scores changed significantly in the domains of physi


cocaine [SEP] Absence of acute cerebral vasoconstriction after cocaine-associated subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Cocaine [SEP] An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinic


subarachnoid hemorrhage [SEP] nce of acute cerebral vasoconstriction after cocaine-associated subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage [SEP] Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur aft


Cocaine [SEP] INTRODUCTION: Cocaine use has been associated with neurovascular complications, inclu


neurovascular complications [SEP] INTRODUCTION: Cocaine use has been associated with neurovascular complications, including arterial vasoconstriction and vasculitis. However, t

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome [SEP] A neurovascular syndrome associated with compression of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS; SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY; and SUBCLAVIAN VEIN at the super


vasculitis [SEP] vascular complications, including arterial vasoconstriction and vasculitis. However, there are few studies of angiographic effects of coca

Vasculitis [SEP] Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.


cocaine [SEP] itis. However, there are few studies of angiographic effects of cocaine on human cerebral arteries. Information on these effects could


subarachnoid hemorrhage [SEP] be obtained from angiograms of patients with cocaine-associated subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) who underwent angiography shortly after cocaine use. METH


SAH [SEP] ms of patients with cocaine-associated subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) who underwent angiography shortly after cocaine use. METHODS:


aneurysmal [SEP] itis could be found in patients who underwent angiography after aneurysmal SAH associated with cocaine use.

Aneurysm, Ruptured [SEP] The tearing or bursting of the weakened wall of the aneurysmal sac, usually heralded by sudden worsening pain. The great danger


Atrial fibrillation [SEP] Atrial fibrillation following chemotherapy for stage IIIE diffuse large B-cell gast

Atrial Fibrillation [SEP] Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the


gastric lymphoma [SEP] tion following chemotherapy for stage IIIE diffuse large B-cell gastric lymphoma in a patient with myotonic dystrophy (Steinert's disease).

Familial primary gastric lymphoma [SEP]


myotonic dystrophy [SEP] ge IIIE diffuse large B-cell gastric lymphoma in a patient with myotonic dystrophy (Steinert's disease).

Myotonic Dystrophy [SEP] Neuromuscular disorder characterized by PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR ATROPHY; MYOTONIA, and various multisystem atrophies. Mild INTELLEC


Steinert's disease [SEP] e B-cell gastric lymphoma in a patient with myotonic dystrophy (Steinert's disease).


gastric lymphoma [SEP] authors describe the unusual association between diffuse B-cell gastric lymphoma and myotonic dystrophy, the most common form of adult muscular

Familial primary gastric lymphoma [SEP]


myotonic dystrophy [SEP] unusual association between diffuse B-cell gastric lymphoma and myotonic dystrophy, the most common form of adult muscular dystrophy, and sudden a


muscular dystrophy [SEP]  lymphoma and myotonic dystrophy, the most common form of adult muscular dystrophy, and sudden atrial fibrillation following one cycle of doxorubi

Muscular Dystrophies [SEP] A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorize


atrial fibrillation [SEP] y, the most common form of adult muscular dystrophy, and sudden atrial fibrillation following one cycle of doxorubicin-based chemotherapy in the sa


doxorubicin [SEP] ystrophy, and sudden atrial fibrillation following one cycle of doxorubicin-based chemotherapy in the same patient. Atrial fibrillation or

Doxorubicin [SEP] Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN.


Atrial fibrillation [SEP] ne cycle of doxorubicin-based chemotherapy in the same patient. Atrial fibrillation or other cardiac arrhythmias are unusual complications in patie


cardiac arrhythmias [SEP]  chemotherapy in the same patient. Atrial fibrillation or other cardiac arrhythmias are unusual complications in patients treated with chemotherapy

Arrhythmias, Cardiac [SEP] Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by


cardiac toxicity [SEP] nusual complications in patients treated with chemotherapy. The cardiac toxicity intrinsically associated with the aggressive chemotherapy emplo

Cardiotoxicity [SEP] Damage to the heart or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY;


arrhythmia [SEP] erapy in the same patient. Atrial fibrillation or other cardiac arrhythmias are unusual complications in patients treated with chemotherap


thalidomide [SEP] A phase II study of thalidomide in advanced metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Thalidomide [SEP] A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic ef


renal cell carcinoma [SEP] A phase II study of thalidomide in advanced metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell [SEP] A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes includin


toxicity [SEP] OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the toxicity and activity of thalidomide in patients with advanced metastati

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions [SEP] Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chem


thalidomide [SEP] OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the toxicity and activity of thalidomide in patients with advanced metastatic renal cell cancer and to m


renal cell cancer [SEP] nd activity of thalidomide in patients with advanced metastatic renal cell cancer and to measure changes of one angiogenic factor, vascular endot


metastases [SEP] e of 11 months duration of a patient with hepatic and pulmonary metastases (4%), one minor response, and 2 patients stable for over 6 mont

Neoplasm Metastasis [SEP] The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.


Somnolence [SEP] ), one minor response, and 2 patients stable for over 6 months. Somnolence and constipation were prominent toxicities and most patients co

Disorders of Excessive Somnolence [SEP] Disorders characterized by hypersomnolence during normal waking hours that may impair cognitive functioning. Subtypes include pr


constipation [SEP] sponse, and 2 patients stable for over 6 months. Somnolence and constipation were prominent toxicities and most patients could not tolerate

Constipation [SEP] Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER


toxicities [SEP] e for over 6 months. Somnolence and constipation were prominent toxicities and most patients could not tolerate the 1200 mg/day dose level


renal cell carcinoma [SEP] s are consistent with a low level of activity of thalidomide in renal cell carcinoma. Administration of doses over 800 mg/day was difficult to achie


glutamate [SEP] tagonist of mGluR1, but not an agonist of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors.

Glutamic Acid [SEP] A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in th


Haloperidol [SEP] triatum, are involved in antiparkinsonian-like effects in rats. Haloperidol (1 mg/kg ip) induced parkinsonian-like muscle rigidity, measure

Haloperidol [SEP] A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoa


parkinsonian [SEP] group II mGluRs, localized in the striatum, are involved in antiparkinsonian-like effects in rats. Haloperidol (1 mg/kg ip) induced parkinso

Parkinson Disease [SEP] A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency


muscle rigidity [SEP] cts in rats. Haloperidol (1 mg/kg ip) induced parkinsonian-like muscle rigidity, measured as an increased resistance of a rat's hind foot to pa

Muscle Rigidity [SEP] Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. When an affected m


(RS)-1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid [SEP]  hind foot to passive flexion and extension at the ankle joint. (RS)-1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid (AIDA; 0.5-15 microg/0.5 microl), a potent and selective mGluR1

1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid [SEP]


AIDA [SEP] on at the ankle joint. (RS)-1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid (AIDA; 0.5-15 microg/0.5 microl), a potent and selective mGluR1 antag


(2R,4R)-4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate [SEP] icrog/0.5 microl), a potent and selective mGluR1 antagonist, or (2R,4R)-4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate (2R,4R-APDC; 7.5-15 microg/0.5 microl), a selective group II ag

4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid [SEP]


2R,4R-APDC [SEP] R1 antagonist, or (2R,4R)-4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate (2R,4R-APDC; 7.5-15 microg/0.5 microl), a selective group II agonist, was i


haloperidol [SEP] group II agonist, was injected bilaterally into the striatum of haloperidol-treated animals. AIDA in doses of 7.5-15 microg/0.5 microl dimi


cholestatic [SEP] Acute cholestatic hepatitis after exposure to isoflurane.

Cholestasis [SEP] Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EX


hepatitis [SEP] Acute cholestatic hepatitis after exposure to isoflurane.

Drug-Induced Liver Injury [SEP] A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug


isoflurane [SEP] Acute cholestatic hepatitis after exposure to isoflurane.

Isoflurane [SEP] A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.


cholestatic [SEP] OBJECTIVE: To report a case of acute cholestatic hepatitis following exposure to the inhalational anesthetic iso


hepatitis [SEP] OBJECTIVE: To report a case of acute cholestatic hepatitis following exposure to the inhalational anesthetic isoflurane. C


isoflurane [SEP] tic hepatitis following exposure to the inhalational anesthetic isoflurane. CASE SUMMARY: A 70-year-old healthy woman from Iraq developed


dipyrone [SEP] ses of hepatitis. No other medications were involved except for dipyrone for analgesia. The alanine aminotransferase was elevated to a p

Dipyrone [SEP] A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE. Because of


analgesia [SEP] tis. No other medications were involved except for dipyrone for analgesia. The alanine aminotransferase was elevated to a peak concentrat

Pain Insensitivity, Congenital [SEP] A syndrome characterized by indifference to PAIN despite the ability to distinguish noxious from non-noxious stimuli. Absent cor


alanine [SEP] edications were involved except for dipyrone for analgesia. The alanine aminotransferase was elevated to a peak concentration of 1533 U

Alanine [SEP] A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transaminatio


bilirubin [SEP]  was elevated to a peak concentration of 1533 U/L and the serum bilirubin reached a peak of 17.0 mg/dL. There was slow improvement over 4

Bilirubin [SEP] A bile pigment that is a degradation product of HEME.


halothane hepatitis [SEP] ION: The clinical and histologic picture of this case resembles halothane hepatitis, which has a significant mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS: Isofluran

Halothane Hepatitis [SEP]


Isoflurane [SEP] hepatitis, which has a significant mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane, a common anesthetic agent, can cause severe cholestatic hepati


nitric oxide [SEP] Calcitonin gene-related peptide levels during nitric oxide-induced headache in patients with chronic tension-type headache

Nitric Oxide [SEP] A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Ni


headache [SEP] citonin gene-related peptide levels during nitric oxide-induced headache in patients with chronic tension-type headache.

Headache [SEP] The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACH


tension-type headache [SEP] s during nitric oxide-induced headache in patients with chronic tension-type headache.

Tension-Type Headache [SEP] A common primary headache disorder, characterized by a dull, non-pulsatile, diffuse, band-like (or vice-like) PAIN of mild to mo


nitric oxide [SEP] It has been proposed that nitric oxide (NO) induced headache in primary headaches may be associated wi


NO [SEP] It has been proposed that nitric oxide (NO) induced headache in primary headaches may be associated with r


headache [SEP] It has been proposed that nitric oxide (NO) induced headache in primary headaches may be associated with release of calciton


primary headaches [SEP] It has been proposed that nitric oxide (NO) induced headache in primary headaches may be associated with release of calcitonin gene-related pepti

Headache Disorders, Primary [SEP] Conditions in which the primary symptom is HEADACHE and the headache cannot be attributed to any known causes.


glyceryl trinitrate [SEP] e plasma levels of CGRP during headache induced by the NO donor glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) in 16 patients with chronic tension-type headache and 16

Nitroglycerin [SEP] A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is als


GTN [SEP] RP during headache induced by the NO donor glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) in 16 patients with chronic tension-type headache and 16 healt


tension-type headache [SEP]  NO donor glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) in 16 patients with chronic tension-type headache and 16 healthy controls. The subjects were randomly allocated t


Myocardial ischemia [SEP] Myocardial ischemia due to coronary artery spasm during dobutamine stress echocardi

Myocardial Ischemia [SEP] A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may


coronary artery spasm [SEP] Myocardial ischemia due to coronary artery spasm during dobutamine stress echocardiography.

Coronary Vasospasm [SEP] Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries.


dobutamine [SEP] Myocardial ischemia due to coronary artery spasm during dobutamine stress echocardiography.

Dobutamine [SEP] A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CA


Dobutamine [SEP] Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) is a useful and safe provocation


myocardial ischemia [SEP] chocardiography (DSE) is a useful and safe provocation test for myocardial ischemia. Until now, the test has been focused only on the organic lesio


coronary artery stenosis [SEP] nd positive DSE has indicated the presence of significant fixed coronary artery stenosis. The aim of the present study is to examine whether myocardial

Coronary Stenosis [SEP] Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.


coronary spasm [SEP]  present study is to examine whether myocardial ischemia due to coronary spasm is induced by dobutamine. We performed DSE on 51 patients with


dobutamine [SEP] whether myocardial ischemia due to coronary spasm is induced by dobutamine. We performed DSE on 51 patients with coronary spastic angina b


coronary spastic angina [SEP]  is induced by dobutamine. We performed DSE on 51 patients with coronary spastic angina but without significant fixed coronary artery stenosis. All pat

Angina Pectoris, Variant [SEP] A clinical syndrome characterized by the development of CHEST PAIN at rest with concomitant transient ST segment elevation in th


anginal [SEP] ut significant fixed coronary artery stenosis. All patients had anginal attacks at rest with ST elevation on the electrocardiogram (var

Angina Pectoris [SEP] The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is


variant angina [SEP] nal attacks at rest with ST elevation on the electrocardiogram (variant angina). Coronary spasm was induced by intracoronary injection of acet


acetylcholine [SEP] gina). Coronary spasm was induced by intracoronary injection of acetylcholine, and no fixed coronary artery stenosis was documented on angiog

Acetylcholine [SEP] A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathe


chest pain [SEP] s showed asynergy with ST elevation. All 7 patients (13.7%) had chest pain during asynergy, and both chest pain and electrocardiographic c

Chest Pain [SEP] Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.


coronary artery disease [SEP] with coronary spastic angina. When DSE is performed to evaluate coronary artery disease, not only fixed coronary stenosis, but also coronary spasm shou

Coronary Artery Disease [SEP] Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerot


coronary stenosis [SEP] s performed to evaluate coronary artery disease, not only fixed coronary stenosis, but also coronary spasm should be considered as a genesis of a


Nitric oxide [SEP] Nitric oxide synthase expression in the course of lead-induced hypertension.


lead [SEP] Nitric oxide synthase expression in the course of lead-induced hypertension.

Lead [SEP] A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.19, symbol Pb. (Dorland, 28th)


hypertension [SEP] Nitric oxide synthase expression in the course of lead-induced hypertension.

Hypertension [SEP] Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is c


oxygen [SEP] We recently showed elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced urinary excretion of NO metabolites (NOx

Oxygen [SEP] An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on ear


NO [SEP] ted reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced urinary excretion of NO metabolites (NOx), and increased NO sequestration as nitrotyros

Nitric Oxide [SEP] A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Ni


nitrotyrosine [SEP] tion of NO metabolites (NOx), and increased NO sequestration as nitrotyrosine in various tissues in rats with lead-induced hypertension. This

3-nitrotyrosine [SEP]


lead [SEP]  sequestration as nitrotyrosine in various tissues in rats with lead-induced hypertension. This study was designed to discern whethe


hypertension [SEP] n as nitrotyrosine in various tissues in rats with lead-induced hypertension. This study was designed to discern whether the reduction in ur


lead acetate [SEP] wley rats were randomly assigned to a lead-treated group (given lead acetate, 100 ppm, in drinking water and regular rat chow), a group give

lead acetate [SEP]


vitamin E [SEP] in drinking water and regular rat chow), a group given lead and vitamin E-fortified chow, or a normal control group given either regular

Vitamin E [SEP] A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydr


malondialdehyde [SEP] or 12 weeks. Tail blood pressure, urinary NOx excretion, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), and endothelial and inducible NOS (eNOS and iNOS) isotyp

Malondialdehyde [SEP] The dialdehyde of malonic acid.


MDA [SEP]  blood pressure, urinary NOx excretion, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), and endothelial and inducible NOS (eNOS and iNOS) isotypes in


Vitamin E [SEP] cal rise in vascular and renal tissue eNOS and iNOS expression. Vitamin E supplementation ameliorated hypertension, lowered plasma MDA co


valvular heart disease [SEP] Risk for valvular heart disease among users of fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine who underwent e

Heart Valve Diseases [SEP] Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE T


fenfluramine [SEP] Risk for valvular heart disease among users of fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine who underwent echocardiography before use o

Fenfluramine [SEP] A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.


dexfenfluramine [SEP] Risk for valvular heart disease among users of fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine who underwent echocardiography before use of medication.

Dexfenfluramine [SEP] The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess an


fenfluramine [SEP] rdiographic surveys suggested that up to 30% to 38% of users of fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine had valvular disease, these drugs were with


dexfenfluramine [SEP] ys suggested that up to 30% to 38% of users of fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine had valvular disease, these drugs were withdrawn from the marke


valvular disease [SEP]  to 30% to 38% of users of fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine had valvular disease, these drugs were withdrawn from the market. OBJECTIVE: To dete


valvular abnormalities [SEP] e market. OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk for new or worsening valvular abnormalities among users of fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine who underwent ec


valvulopathy [SEP] w-up echocardiography. The primary outcome was new or worsening valvulopathy, defined as progression of either aortic or mitral regurgitatio


mitral regurgitation [SEP] sening valvulopathy, defined as progression of either aortic or mitral regurgitation by at least one degree of severity and disease that met U.S. Fo

Mitral Valve Insufficiency [SEP] Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mi


aortic regurgitation [SEP] t met U.S. Food and Drug Administration criteria (at least mild aortic regurgitation or moderate mitral regurgitation). RESULTS: Two patients (4.3%

Aortic Valve Insufficiency [SEP] Pathological condition characterized by the backflow of blood from the ASCENDING AORTA back into the LEFT VENTRICLE, leading to


phentermine [SEP]  patients (4.3% [95% CI, 0.6% to 14.8%]) receiving fenfluramine-phentermine developed valvular heart disease. One had baseline bicuspid aor

Phentermine [SEP] A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been


valvular heart disease [SEP] I, 0.6% to 14.8%]) receiving fenfluramine-phentermine developed valvular heart disease. One had baseline bicuspid aortic valve and mild aortic regurgi


bicuspid aortic valve [SEP] -phentermine developed valvular heart disease. One had baseline bicuspid aortic valve and mild aortic regurgitation that progressed to moderate regur

Bicuspid Aortic Valve [SEP]


aortic insufficiency [SEP] derate regurgitation. The second patient developed new moderate aortic insufficiency. CONCLUSION: Users of diet medications are at risk for valvular


Carboplatin [SEP] Carboplatin toxic effects on the peripheral nervous system of the rat.

Carboplatin [SEP] An organoplatinum compound that possesses antineoplastic activity.


carboplatin [SEP] BACKGROUND: The most striking of carboplatin's advantages (CBDCA) over cisplatin (CDDP) is its markedly redu


CBDCA [SEP] BACKGROUND: The most striking of carboplatin's advantages (CBDCA) over cisplatin (CDDP) is its markedly reduced rate of neurotox


cisplatin [SEP] UND: The most striking of carboplatin's advantages (CBDCA) over cisplatin (CDDP) is its markedly reduced rate of neurotoxic effects. Howe

Cisplatin [SEP] An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and inter


CDDP [SEP] st striking of carboplatin's advantages (CBDCA) over cisplatin (CDDP) is its markedly reduced rate of neurotoxic effects. However, t


neurotoxic [SEP] s (CBDCA) over cisplatin (CDDP) is its markedly reduced rate of neurotoxic effects. However, the use of CBDCA higher-intensity schedules a

Neurotoxicity Syndromes [SEP] Neurologic disorders caused by exposure to toxic substances through ingestion, injection, cutaneous application, or other method


peripheral nervous system damage [SEP] therapy may cause some concern about its safety with respect to peripheral nervous system damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two different schedules of CBDCA admini

Peripheral Nervous System Diseases [SEP] Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, pl


Neurotoxicity [SEP] .p. twice a week for nine times) were evaluated in Wistar rats. Neurotoxicity was assessed for behavioral (tail-flick test), neurophysiologic


peripheral neurotoxicity [SEP] l effects. RESULTS: CBDCA administration induced dose-dependent peripheral neurotoxicity. Pain perception and nerve conduction velocity in the tail were


Pain [SEP] administration induced dose-dependent peripheral neurotoxicity. Pain perception and nerve conduction velocity in the tail were signi

Pain [SEP] An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.


platinum [SEP] of ganglionic sensory neurons. Moreover, significant amounts of platinum were detected in the dorsal root ganglia and kidney after CBDCA

Platinum [SEP] Platinum. A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.09, symbol Pt. (From Dorland, 28th e


neurotoxicity [SEP] RESULTS: CBDCA administration induced dose-dependent peripheral neurotoxicity. Pain perception and nerve conduction velocity in the tail were


endometrial carcinoma [SEP] Iatrogenic risks of endometrial carcinoma after treatment for breast cancer in a large French case-contro

Endometrial Neoplasms [SEP] Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classificati


breast cancer [SEP] Iatrogenic risks of endometrial carcinoma after treatment for breast cancer in a large French case-control study. F  d  ration Nationale de

Breast Neoplasms [SEP] Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.


tamoxifen [SEP] Since tamoxifen is widely used in breast cancer treatment and has been proposed

Tamoxifen [SEP] One of the SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS with tissue-specific activities. Tamoxifen acts as an anti-estrogen (inhibitin


breast cancer [SEP] Since tamoxifen is widely used in breast cancer treatment and has been proposed for the prevention of breast ca


endometrial cancer [SEP] arefully examined. We have investigated the association between endometrial cancer and tamoxifen use or other treatments in women treated for brea


advanced disease [SEP]  who had endometrial cancer and had received tamoxifen had more advanced disease and poorer prognosis than those with endometrial cancer who had

Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm [SEP] Dyssomnias associated with disruption of the normal 24 hour sleep wake cycle secondary to travel (e.g., JET LAG SYNDROME), shift


Endometrial cancers [SEP] e an additional iatrogenic factor for women with breast cancer. Endometrial cancers diagnosed in women treated with tamoxifen have poorer prognosis


Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary [SEP] Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary associated with antecedent tamoxifen use.

Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary [SEP]


tamoxifen [SEP] Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary associated with antecedent tamoxifen use.


tamoxifen [SEP] ttention has been focused recently on the estrogenic effects of tamoxifen. Review of the literature reveals an association between tamoxi


tumors [SEP] re reveals an association between tamoxifen use and gynecologic tumors. CASE: A 52-year-old postmenopausal woman was treated with tamo

Neoplasms [SEP] New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and me


estrogen [SEP] ACKGROUND: Increased attention has been focused recently on the estrogenic effects of tamoxifen. Review of the literature reveals an ass

Estrogens [SEP] Compounds that interact with ESTROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of ESTRADIOL. Estr


breast carcinoma [SEP]  treated with tamoxifen for stage II estrogen receptor-positive breast carcinoma. Her aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels inc


aspartate [SEP] n for stage II estrogen receptor-positive breast carcinoma. Her aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels increase markedly

Aspartic Acid [SEP] One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar ca


alanine [SEP] eptor-positive breast carcinoma. Her aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels increase markedly after 6 months of tamoxif

Alanine [SEP] A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transaminatio


granulosa cell tumor of the ovary [SEP] d serum transaminases, the patient was found to have a stage Ic granulosa cell tumor of the ovary. CONCLUSION: Patients with tamoxifen-induced liver dysfunction

Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary [SEP]


liver dysfunction [SEP] tumor of the ovary. CONCLUSION: Patients with tamoxifen-induced liver dysfunction may be at increased risk for granulosa cell tumors because of a

Liver Failure [SEP] Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum leve


granulosa cell tumors [SEP] amoxifen-induced liver dysfunction may be at increased risk for granulosa cell tumors because of alterations in tamoxifen metabolism.

Granulosa Cell Tumor [SEP] A neoplasm composed entirely of GRANULOSA CELLS, occurring mostly in the OVARY. In the adult form, it may contain some THECA CEL


adenomyosis [SEP] A murine model of adenomyosis: the effects of hyperprolactinemia induced by fluoxetine hydroc

Adenomyosis [SEP] The extension of endometrial tissue (ENDOMETRIUM) into the MYOMETRIUM. It usually occurs in women in their reproductive years an


hyperprolactinemia [SEP] A murine model of adenomyosis: the effects of hyperprolactinemia induced by fluoxetine hydrochloride, a selective serotonin reup

Hyperprolactinemia [SEP] Increased levels of PROLACTIN in the BLOOD, which may be associated with AMENORRHEA and GALACTORRHEA. Relatively common etiologi


fluoxetine hydrochloride [SEP] el of adenomyosis: the effects of hyperprolactinemia induced by fluoxetine hydrochloride, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on adenomyosis induc

Fluoxetine [SEP] The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effec


serotonin [SEP] rprolactinemia induced by fluoxetine hydrochloride, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on adenomyosis induction in Wistar albino r

Serotonin [SEP] A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily i


fluoxetine [SEP] OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether fluoxetine given to castrated and noncastrated rats caused hyperprolactine


hyperprolactinemia [SEP] ther fluoxetine given to castrated and noncastrated rats caused hyperprolactinemia and its effects with respect to adenomyosis. DESIGN: Fluoxetine


adenomyosis [SEP]  rats caused hyperprolactinemia and its effects with respect to adenomyosis. DESIGN: Fluoxetine, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, was given


Fluoxetine [SEP] lactinemia and its effects with respect to adenomyosis. DESIGN: Fluoxetine, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, was given to Wistar Albino rat


serotonin [SEP]  its effects with respect to adenomyosis. DESIGN: Fluoxetine, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, was given to Wistar Albino rats for 98 days


steroids [SEP] use degeneration of myometrial cells in the presence of ovarian steroids that results in a myometrial invasion by endometrial stroma. Th

Steroids [SEP] A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precurso


hypotension [SEP] Effects of deliberate hypotension induced by labetalol with isoflurane on neuropsychological func

Hypotension [SEP] Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DI


labetalol [SEP] Effects of deliberate hypotension induced by labetalol with isoflurane on neuropsychological function.

Labetalol [SEP] A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.


isoflurane [SEP] Effects of deliberate hypotension induced by labetalol with isoflurane on neuropsychological function.

Isoflurane [SEP] A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.


hypotension [SEP] The effect of deliberate hypotension on brain function measured by neuropsychological tests was stud


labetalol [SEP] d for middle-ear surgery with deliberate hypotension induced by labetalol with isoflurane (hypotensive group). Seventeen patients without


isoflurane [SEP] r surgery with deliberate hypotension induced by labetalol with isoflurane (hypotensive group). Seventeen patients without hypotension ser


hypotensive [SEP] th deliberate hypotension induced by labetalol with isoflurane (hypotensive group). Seventeen patients without hypotension served as a cont


anxiety [SEP] it symbol), Trail-Making tests A and B, Zung tests (self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale) and two-part memory tes

Anxiety Disorders [SEP] Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.


depression [SEP]  A and B, Zung tests (self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale) and two-part memory test battery with immediate and dela

Depressive Disorder [SEP] An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood distur


Bupivacaine [SEP] lder region under an interscalene brachial plexus block (IBPB). Bupivacaine 0.75% with adrenaline was given followed by a 24-hr continuous

Bupivacaine [SEP] A widely used local anesthetic agent.


adrenaline [SEP] terscalene brachial plexus block (IBPB). Bupivacaine 0.75% with adrenaline was given followed by a 24-hr continuous infusion of 0.25% bupi

Epinephrine [SEP] The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes


bupivacaine [SEP] line was given followed by a 24-hr continuous infusion of 0.25% bupivacaine. Three audiometric threshold measurements (0.25-18 kHz) were ma


hearing impairment [SEP] nd the third on the first day after operation. In four patients hearing impairment on the side of the block was demonstrated after operation, in t

Hearing Loss [SEP] A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.


auditory dysfunction [SEP] at 6-10 kHz on the opposite side also. IBPB may cause transient auditory dysfunction in the ipsilateral ear, possibly via an effect on sympathetic i

Hearing Disorders [SEP] Conditions that impair the transmission of auditory impulses and information from the level of the ear to the temporal cortices,


Midazolam [SEP] Midazolam compared with thiopentone as an induction agent.

Midazolam [SEP] A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endosco


thiopentone [SEP] Midazolam compared with thiopentone as an induction agent.

Thiopental [SEP] A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anest