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README.md
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# SPICE
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## Overview
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SPICE (Small-molecule/Protein Interaction Chemical Energies) is a quantum-chemistry dataset
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of **single-point calculations** (ωB97M-D3(BJ)/def2-TZVPPD, Psi4) over many **conformations**
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of small molecules, dimers, ion pairs, and solvated amino acids / dipeptides, built for
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training machine-learned force fields.
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**
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## Statistics
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<!-- from spice1_stats.json (atom/conformer ranges + element set exact; distributions from an 8,000-molecule sample) -->
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| property |
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| molecules / conformations | 19,238 / 1,110,165 |
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| atoms per molecule (min / mean / max) | 2 / 33.4 / 96 |
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| conformers per molecule (min / mean / max) | 1 / 57.7 / 4,869 |
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## Usage / loading
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```python
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from StructureCloud.Datasets import SPICE1
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from StructureCloud.Datasets import sample_by_relative, sample_by_boltzmann
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ds = SPICE1() # sample=True: one RANDOM conformer per molecule, eV units
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SPICE1(subset='pubchem') # one subset group (see ds.available_subsets)
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SPICE1(units='raw') # native bohr / hartree / hartree·bohr⁻¹
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SPICE1(extra_fields=['mbis_charges']) # attach extra fields (lazily downloaded)
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```
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**Sampling** (one conformer returned per access): `sample=True` (default) random conformer per
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| `mayer_indices` | (N, N) | Mayer bond-order matrix | `_bonds` |
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| `wiberg_lowdin_indices` | (N, N) | Wiberg–Löwdin bond-order matrix | `_bonds` |
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The 4 `mbis_*` fields are **missing for 121 molecules**
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## Preprocessed (collated) format
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Ships as a memory-mappable **main** file plus three **grouped, lazily-downloaded** extras files.
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## Splits
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One physical split `'all'` (one file per repo). Subsets are **not** splits — select one with the
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`subset=<id>` argument (`ds.available_subsets`
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## Preprocessing & cleaning
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- All fields from the source HDF5 are preserved (common ones in the main file, the rest in the three
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grouped extras files). Conformer stacks are kept per molecule (not flattened) so all
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modes are available. `forces = −dft_total_gradient`.
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- Stored in raw units (bohr / hartree / hartree·bohr⁻¹); the loader converts to eV/Å by default.
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`energy`/`formation_energy` are stored float64 to preserve conformer-energy precision.
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- 121 molecules lack
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## Data distribution
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## Sources & citation
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- Eastman et al., *SPICE, A Dataset of Drug-like Molecules and Peptides for Training Machine
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Learning Potentials*, Sci. Data 10, 11 (2023). DOI 10.1038/s41597-022-01882-6. arXiv:2209.10702.
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# SPICE (v1.1.4 `SPICE1` & v2.0.1 `SPICE2`)
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## Overview
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SPICE (Small-molecule/Protein Interaction Chemical Energies) is a quantum-chemistry dataset
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of **single-point calculations** (ωB97M-D3(BJ)/def2-TZVPPD, Psi4) over many **conformations**
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of small molecules, dimers, ion pairs, and solvated amino acids / dipeptides, built for
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training machine-learned force fields. It is a **molecular** (non-periodic) **conformer-ensemble**
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dataset — stored the GEOM way, one conformer stack per molecule — carrying per-atom **forces**
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and per-conformer **energies**. Two versions ship as two datasets with one shared loader:
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- **`SPICE1`** — v**1.1.4**: 19,238 molecules / 1,110,165 conformations, **15 elements**
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(matches the *Scientific Data* paper).
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- **`SPICE2`** — v**2.0.1**: 113,985 molecules / 2,008,126 conformations, **17 elements**
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(adds **B, Si**; new PubChem sets, an Amino-Acid–Ligand set, solvated PubChem, water clusters).
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SPICE 2.0 is *not* a strict superset of a stable v1; use `SPICE1` to reproduce the paper.
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## Statistics
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<!-- from spice1_stats.json / spice2_stats.json (atom/conformer ranges + element set exact; distributions from an 8,000-molecule sample) -->
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| property | SPICE1 (v1.1.4) | SPICE2 (v2.0.1) |
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| molecules / conformations | 19,238 / 1,110,165 | 113,985 / 2,008,126 |
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| atoms per molecule (min / mean / max) | 2 / 33.4 / 96 | 2 / 49.5 / 110 |
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| conformers per molecule (min / mean / max) | 1 / 57.7 / 4,869 | 1 / 17.6 / 4,869 |
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| distinct elements | 15 | 17 |
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| element set | H, Li, C, N, O, F, Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Br, I | + B, Si |
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| per-atom force magnitude, eV/Å (sampled min/mean/max) | 0.003 / 1.45 / 65.3 | 0.003 / 0.82 / 51.6 |
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| subset groups (`subset=`) | 6 (des370k, des_monomers, dipeptides, ion_pairs, pubchem, solvated_amino_acids) | 10 (+ amino_acid_ligand, pubchem_boron_silicon, solvated_pubchem, water_clusters) |
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Distributions in the figures (`spice1_histogram.png` / `spice2_histogram.png`) are from a random
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sample of 8,000 molecules (one random conformer each); atom/conformer ranges and the element set
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are exact. `energy` (`y`) is the **total** DFT energy, so its magnitude scales with molecule size
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(per-conformer *relative* energies are the useful signal). SPICE2 excludes 1 molecule that has zero
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conformations in the release.
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## Usage / loading
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```python
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from StructureCloud.Datasets import SPICE1, SPICE2 # SPICE2 has the identical interface
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from StructureCloud.Datasets import sample_by_relative, sample_by_boltzmann
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ds = SPICE1() # sample=True: one RANDOM conformer per molecule, eV units
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SPICE1(subset='pubchem') # one subset group (see ds.available_subsets)
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SPICE1(units='raw') # native bohr / hartree / hartree·bohr⁻¹
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SPICE1(extra_fields=['mbis_charges']) # attach extra fields (lazily downloaded)
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SPICE2(subset='pubchem_boron_silicon') # SPICE2-only B/Si subset
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```
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**Sampling** (one conformer returned per access): `sample=True` (default) random conformer per
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| `mayer_indices` | (N, N) | Mayer bond-order matrix | `_bonds` |
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| `wiberg_lowdin_indices` | (N, N) | Wiberg–Löwdin bond-order matrix | `_bonds` |
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The 4 `mbis_*` fields are **missing for 121 molecules** (both versions) → NaN there.
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## Preprocessed (collated) format
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Ships as a memory-mappable **main** file plus three **grouped, lazily-downloaded** extras files.
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## Splits
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One physical split `'all'` (one file per repo). Subsets are **not** splits — select one with the
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`subset=<id>` argument (`ds.available_subsets`). The `subset` attribute on each sample is the raw
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SPICE subset name. Groups: **SPICE1** — des370k, des_monomers, dipeptides, ion_pairs, pubchem,
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solvated_amino_acids (6). **SPICE2** — those + amino_acid_ligand, pubchem_boron_silicon,
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solvated_pubchem, water_clusters (10). PubChem "Set N" shards are merged into `pubchem`.
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## Preprocessing & cleaning
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- All fields from the source HDF5 are preserved (common ones in the main file, the rest in the three
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grouped extras files). Conformer stacks are kept per molecule (not flattened) so all sampling
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modes are available. `forces = −dft_total_gradient`.
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- Stored in raw units (bohr / hartree / hartree·bohr⁻¹); the loader converts to eV/Å by default.
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`energy`/`formation_energy` are stored float64 to preserve conformer-energy precision.
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- **121 molecules lack the 4 `mbis_*` multipole fields** (both versions); their `mbis_*` extras are NaN.
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- **SPICE2 only:** 1 molecule with **zero conformations** in the release is dropped (113,986 → 113,985).
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## Data distribution
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SPICE1:
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SPICE2:
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## Sources & citation
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- SPICE 1.1.4: Zenodo DOI [10.5281/zenodo.8222043](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8222043).
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SPICE 2.0.1: Zenodo DOI [10.5281/zenodo.10975225](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10975225).
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Repo: <https://github.com/openmm/spice-dataset>. CC-BY-4.0.
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- Eastman et al., *SPICE, A Dataset of Drug-like Molecules and Peptides for Training Machine
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Learning Potentials*, Sci. Data 10, 11 (2023). DOI 10.1038/s41597-022-01882-6. arXiv:2209.10702.
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- Eastman et al., *Nutmeg and SPICE: Models and Data for Biomolecular Machine Learning* (SPICE 2), 2024.
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