---
license:
  - cc-by-nc-sa-4.0
  - other
pretty_name: DiSCo time segments
tags:
  - diffusion-mri
  - monte-carlo
  - replay-pack
  - tractography-phantom
---

# DiSCo time segments

The DiSCo replay walk, contracted at nine gradient waveforms -- DiSCo's own timings, the replay paper's clinical,
research and Connectome 2.0 timings, a stimulated echo, a cosine OGSE and a b-tensor encoding class -- so that a
whole-grid image costs one pass over 169 bytes per walker. It comes from the same 321,138,027 walkers as the replay pack in
[SubstrateCommons/disco-replay](https://huggingface.co/datasets/SubstrateCommons/disco-replay). The seven square-lobe
classes were contracted from the walk's unquantised coefficients beside each shard; the OGSE and b-tensor classes
from the quantised replay pack, each one's quantisation charged in its own certificate term.

**Choose the dataset by the question.** Use this one for an acquisition on one of the waveforms below, where every
other knob stays free. Use the replay pack for any other waveform: another δ or Δ, another OGSE, an arbitrary gradient.

## What a timing class leaves free

Each class fixes the waveform's shape in time: a square-lobe class's terms are constant-gradient intervals, the OGSE
class's two terms are its cosine blocks as stored, the b-tensor class's six terms are its three gradient shapes on
each side of the 180. Within a class, everything else is chosen at replay time:

- the b-value and direction of every measurement, up to the class's gradient amplitude;
- on the b-tensor class, the encoding itself: any linear, planar or spherical b-tensor of its three shapes, at any
  rotation and b;
- the per-voxel delivered gradient (gradient nonlinearity, a background gradient; square-lobe classes);
- T₂ and T₁ per pool, and surface relaxivity ρ₂ ≤ 3 µm/s;
- B₀ of 1.5, 3 or 7 T in any direction, and myelin χ up to 2 × 10⁻⁷, isotropic and anisotropic.

| class | timing (ms) | echo |
|---|---|---|
| `d7.6-D45.9` | δ 7.6, Δ 45.9 | spin echo, TE 53.5 |
| `d8-D20` | δ 8, Δ 20 | spin echo, TE 53.5 |
| `d10.2-D16.7` | δ 10.2, Δ 16.7 | spin echo, TE 53.5 |
| `d12-D24` | δ 12, Δ 24 | spin echo, TE 53.5 |
| `d17-D30` | δ 17, Δ 30 | spin echo, TE 53.5 |
| `d17.7-D35.8` | δ 17.7, Δ 35.8 | spin echo, TE 53.5 |
| `ste-d7.6-TM38.3` | δ 7.6, mixing time 38.3 | stimulated echo |
| `cos-f50-T20` | cosine 50 Hz, one 20 ms period each side of the 180, edges ramped at 200 T/m/s as built at b = 1000 s/mm² | spin echo, TE 53.5 |
| `qte-now-80` | three shapes: the axes of NOW's maximum-b spherical encoding (Sjölund et al. 2015) at 80 mT/m and 200 T/m/s per axis | spin echo, TE 53.5 |

Each class's widths are derived at the 1.003 % floor. The layout's own error bound is in `disco/manifest.json` under
`certificate`, term by term. Against the replay pack, 16 voxels in the seven square-lobe classes agree to 2.2 × 10⁻⁵,
in the OGSE class to 2.2 × 10⁻⁴ bare and 4.5 × 10⁻⁴ with every tier at 3 T, and in the b-tensor class (linear,
planar and spherical rows at b = 500 to 2000 s/mm²) to 1.2 × 10⁻⁵ bare and 4.5 × 10⁻⁴ at 3 T, against a combined bound
of 3.0 × 10⁻³.

## Use me

```
pip install "git+https://github.com/dmrai-lab/dmipy-sim@main" "huggingface_hub>=0.25"
```

```python
import numpy as np
from dmipy_sim import sequences
from dmipy_sim.replay.time_segments import TimeSegmentLayout
from dmipy_sim.spec.tissue import Tissue

layout = TimeSegmentLayout.open("hf://SubstrateCommons/disco-time-segments/disco",
                                 partitions=["d10.2-D16.7"])   # fetches this class's words and the shared columns
seq = sequences.pgse([[1, 0, 0], [0, 0, 1]], 0.0102, 0.0167, bvalues=[1e9, 3.094e9], TE=0.0535,
                     slew_rate=np.inf)                       # square lobes: constant on the class's segments
S, floor = layout.image(seq)                                 # (40, 40, 40, 2) S/S0 and the per-voxel floor
wm = Tissue(T2={"intra": 0.05, "extra": 0.055, "myelin": 0.01}, rho2=1e-6, chi_iso=-1e-7, chi_aniso=-1e-7)
S_3T, _ = layout.image(seq, tissue=wm, scanner=3.0)          # relaxation, wall contact and the sheath field at 3 T
```

`layout.fit(seq)` names the class a sequence fits, or says why it fits none; an OGSE row is the class's stored shape
scaled to its b (`layout.partitions["cos-f50-T20"].shapes`). `partitions=None` fetches every class (55 GB).
`resident=False` streams the packed words to the device a chunk at a time: one class of the whole grid with every
tier in about 3.4 GB (dmipy-sim#823); `resident=True` keeps them there across calls (about 21 GB with the tiers).

## Files

| path | what |
|---|---|
| `disco/manifest.json` | grid, classes and their segments, widths, certificate, provenance |
| `disco/w.npy`, `disco/tiles.npy`, `disco/pool.npy` | each row's weight, its voxel half, and its pool |
| `disco/p_<class>.npy` | each class's term vectors, packed |
| `disco/t_g0.npy`, `disco/t_g1.npy` | the relaxation, contact and field tiers of the spin-echo and stimulated-echo groups |
| `disco/bg_g0.npy`, `disco/bg_g1.npy` | the background-gradient term of each group |

The rows are in tiles of 128, sorted by voxel. Each voxel's rows are split into two halves, which give the
split-half floor.

## Licence

**CC BY-NC-SA 4.0**, or a commercial licence on request. The DiSCo substrate is the DiSCo authors' work, CC BY 4.0.

## Citation

- Rafael-Patino J, Girard G, Truffet R, Pizzolato M, Caruyer E, Thiran J-P. The diffusion-simulated connectivity
  (DiSCo) dataset. Data in Brief 38 (2021) 107429.
- Fick RHJ. Replayable Monte Carlo MRI: from persistent tissue microphysics to queryable virtual phantoms (in
  preparation, 2026). dmipy-sim, https://github.com/dmrai-lab/dmipy-sim.