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In this paper, inhibition of the glutathione peroxidase activity of two synthetic organoselenium compounds, bis[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzyl]diselenide (5) and bis[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzyl]selenide (9), by gold(I) thioglucose (1), chloro(triethylphosphine)gold(I), chloro(trimethylphosphine)gold(I), and chloro(triphen... |
Morbid obesity is considered a systemic inflammatory state. The objective of this project was to characterize the adipokine, cytokine and chemokine protein profile in serum from control, lean and obese mice. We hypothesized that chemokines and cytokines are altered by caloric restriction and diet-induced obesity as a f... |
Prolactin regulatory element binding (PREB) is a transcription factor that regulates prolactin promoter activity in rat anterior pituitary. The PREB protein is not only expressed in the anterior pituitary but also in the pancreas. We have recently reported that in pancreatic beta-cells, PREB regulates the transcription... |
Increasing evidence supports the role of oxidative stress in cancer development. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is one of the major sources of oxidative stress through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Besides the physiological function of ROS in cellular homeostasis, accumulating reports suggest that ROS ... |
The effect of dietary oligofructose and inulin supplementation on glucose metabolism in obese and non-obese cats was assessed. Two diets were tested in a crossover design; a control diet high in protein (46 % on DM basis), moderate in fat (15 %), low in carbohydrates (27 %), but no soluble fibres added; and a prebiotic... |
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a steroid hormone that is secreted by the adrenal cortex in mammals, has an array of biological actions, including inhibition of fat synthesis, decreasing the number of adipocytes, and a reduction in mammalian metabolic efficiency. Recent studies showed that DHEA may decrease fat depositi... |
The present study was carried out to evaluate the pharmacological effect of Zn in diarrhoea in relation to intestinal permeability. Seventy-two weaning piglets, aged 24 d, were allocated to three dietary treatments: (1) control diet without supplemental Zn; (2) control diet supplemented with 2000 mg Zn/kg from ZnO; (3)... |
Chagas' disease is common in Latin America and is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. It is usually associated with chronic cardiomyopathy, the progression of which could be related to genetic factors. As alterations in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system have been reported in the disease, the aim of this study was to de... |
Sticholysins (Sts) I and II (StI/II) are pore-forming toxins (PFTs) produced by the Caribbean Sea anemone Stichodactyla helianthus belonging to the actinoporin family, a unique class of eukaryotic PFTs exclusively found in sea anemones. As for the rest of the members of this family, Sts are cysteine-less proteins, with... |
The purpose of this study was to further understand the mechanisms involved in ultrasound-mediated delivery of DNA (sonoporation); in particular, to understand how a plasmid should be formulated with an ultrasound contrast agent (UCA). Different polymer adjuvant-UCA combinations were formulated, and their impact on in ... |
Electromagnetic fields (EMF), in both ELF (extremely low frequency) and radio frequency (RF) ranges, activate the cellular stress response, a protective mechanism that induces the expression of stress response genes, e.g., HSP70, and increased levels of stress proteins, e.g., hsp70. The 20 different stress protein fami... |
Actinoporins are effective pore-forming toxins produced by sea anemones. These extremely potent, basic 20 kDa proteins readily form pores in membranes that contain sphingomyelin. Much has been learned about the molecular basis of their pore-forming mechanism in recent years. Pore formation is a multi-step process that ... |
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are derived from cellular oxygen metabolism and from exogenous sources. An excess of ROS results in oxidative stress and may eventually cause cell death. ROS levels within cells and in extracellular body fluids are controlled by concerted action of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants.... |
During the last decade transcriptome analyses demonstrated that alternative splicing plays an important role to generate a large number of mRNA and protein isoforms from a limited number of genes. However, the frequency of the alternative splicing dramatically varies among living organisms. For example, 35-65% of human... |
Vitamin A is essential for lung development and pulmonary cell differentiation and its deficiency results in alterations of lung structure and function. Basement membranes (BMs) are also involved in those processes, and retinoic acid, the main biologically active form of vitamin A, influences the expression of extracel... |
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a major type of green tea polyphenols and is known to have cancer prevention effect. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 19 to 25 nucleotides and are believed to be important in gene regulation. In the present study, the influence of EGCG on the expressions of miRNAs in human cancer cells was inve... |
To analyze pathophysiological dynamics of the death process using mRNA quantification, previous studies investigated pulmonary surfactant-associated protein (SP-A), as well as hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) and its downstream factors. Quantitative assays of these mRNA transcripts were established using TaqMan real-... |
Leukotriene A(4) (LTA(4)) is the precursor for the formation of bioactive leukotrienes, but is highly susceptible to nonenzymatic hydrolysis. Although it is chemically reactive, LTA(4) participates in the process of transcellular metabolism, which requires the transfer of LTA(4) from one cell to another for the product... |
To determine the effect of atorvastatin on lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of C-reactive protein in cultured A549 cells. |
Tumor immunotherapy has attracted many attentions in recent years because of its high specificity. However, the use of immunotherapy is hampered by the lack of defined target tumor antigens. T351 gene, a novel tumor associated gene identified by mRNA differential display, encodes a transmembrane protein. We found that ... |
Despite the introduction of several novel anticancer agents almost 50% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients die for cancer suggesting the necessity of new therapeutical approaches. In this study we demonstrated that the HDAC inhibitor vorinostat exerted potent antiproliferative effect in a panel of mut- and wt-p53 human... |
Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) abundantly expressed in human tumors and protects cells from a wide range of apoptotic stimuli. To study the role of HSP70 in human hepatocarcinomas, we stably silenced HSP70 gene expression in HepG(2) cells by transfecting the cells with HSP70-silencing vector (HSP70 shRNA). HSP70 silenci... |
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDIs) play an important role in the regulation of gene expression associated with cell cycle and apoptosis and have emerged as promising anticancer agents. In addition to their intrinsic anticancer properties, some studies have demonstrated that HDIs can modulate cellular response... |
The most appropriate ontological basis for understanding the role of species in evolutionary biology is the Evolutionary Species Concept. The ESC is not an operational concept, but one version of the Phylogenetic Species Concept is. Linking the ontology of species with the epistemological basis of actual biological stu... |
The presence of two major egg polypeptides was demonstrated in the plant-parasitic nematode Heterodera glycines. The polypeptides were present in equal amounts in, and were most abundant in, eggs from yellow females. They were also present in brown females but were not detected in second-stage juveniles (J2). The two m... |
Unequivocal evidence of the viral nature of virus-like particles observed at the specific site of retention of tobacco rattle virus (TRV) in Paratrichodorus and Trichodorus nematodes has not previously been available. A new staining technique using safranin-O, which does not affect viral antigenicity, was used with an ... |
Two beta-1,4-endoglucanase (EGase) cDNAs were isolated from Globodera tabacum, the tobacco cyst nematode, and have been designated as GT-eng-1 and GT-eng-2. GT-eng-1 and GT-eng-2 encode precursor proteins with a predicted secretion signal sequence, cellulolytic catalytic domain, and a linker domain. The protein product... |
Eggs of Meloidogyne hapla contain chitin, a substrate for chitinase. Our goal was to determine if endochitinase from the biocontrol fungus T. harzianum expressed in transgenic tobacco increases resistance to this nematode. Endochitinase-transgenic T tobacco seedlings expressing increased endochitinase activity in leave... |
Sixty-four chitinolytic bacterial isolates from soybean fields in Arkansas were tested for suppression of soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) in a heat-treated silt loam soil amended with 0.6% (w/w) chitin in a greenhouse. Five isolates consistently reduced numbers of H. glycines compared to controls receiving ... |
The radio frequency (r. f.) magnetron sputtering was used for preparing silicon-rich silicon nitride films deposited on polished Si substrates at 80 degrees C substrate temperature. The high-purity Ar was used as a sputtering gas and the high-purity N2 as a reactive gas. The silicon nitride films with different Si-rich... |
Luxiancao is a new medicine for liver cancer, and is purely natural botanical It has good curative effects and few side effects. The curative mechanism of Luxiancao is unknown. In the present paper, the authors used a 514. 5 nm laser to measure the changes in the Raman spectrum of liver cancer cells (SMMC-7721) treated... |
Serum albumin is the most abundant protein in plasma. It can bind with many intrinsic and extrinsic materials. The study of the interaction between serum albumin and drugs is a very important task in life science and chemistry. Quinolone drug is a kind of antibacterial drugs which have been used widely in clinical medi... |
Using a new homodimeric hydrophilic indole dye (Dye-I) as fluorescence probe, a sensitive synchronous spectrofluorometric determination for protein was developed. Characteristics of the fluorescence reaction between DYE-1 and BSA protein were investigated. Effects of the concentration of the hydrophilic dye, pH value o... |
We studied the effect of the rutin on the conformation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA) by synchronous fluorescence spectrum (Alambda = lambda(em) - lambda(ex) = 15 nm and deltalambda = lambda(em) -lambda(ex) = 60 nm) and circular dichroism spectra. The results showed that rutin had hardly ef... |
The high tin-doped SiO2 films prepared by CVD will bring some crystals, but sol gel can control the accurate chemical component of the films. So it can produce high tin-doped materials. In the present paper, the tin-doped SiO2 films were prepared by a sol gel dip-coating process on glass substrates at concentrations of... |
Attaining control over the surface chemistry of titanium is critical to its use in medical implants, especially to address complications such as infection and loosening of implants over time, which still present significant challenges. The surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) of a saccharide... |
Mitochondrial ferritin (MtFt) is a newly identified H-ferritin-like protein expressed only in mitochondria. Previous studies have shown that its overexpression markedly affects intracellular iron homeostasis and rescues defects caused by frataxin deficiency. To assess how MtFt exerts its function under oxidative stress... |
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the selective death of motor neurons. While the most common form of ALS is sporadic and has no known cause, a small subset of cases is familial because of underlying genetic mutations. The best-studies example of fami... |
Current treatments for Parkinson's disease fail to modify disease progression, and the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain elusive. The identification of specific targets responsible for disease will aid in the development of relevant model systems and the discovery of neuroprotective and neurorestorative therapies... |
Synopsis An established cytotoxicity test for plastic materials in medical devices has been adapted and used to assess the relative potential irritancy of cosmetic ingredients and formulations during product development. Serum-free medium containing a novel protein supplement supported growth in suspension of LS mouse ... |
The main goal of the paper is to clarify anthelminthic treatment as an alternative hydatic cyst therapy, its indications and contraindications. Chemotherapy constitutes a non-invasive treatment and is less limited by the patient's status than surgery or PAIR. Many investigators have employed benzoimidazole carbonates f... |
The purposes of these experiments were to determine possible relationships among certain indices of lipid metabolism and specific gene expression in chickens (Gallus gallus) fed methimazole (MMI) and the subsequent effects of providing supplemental T3 to relieve the effects of MMI. Male, broiler chickens growing from 1... |
Metastasis remains the main cause of death in both bladder (BCa) and prostate (PCa) cancers. The results of chemotherapy did not show any significant improvement of the survival the past years. Cancer research has led to the identification of signaling pathways involved and molecular targets that could change the natur... |
We have found diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) has taken place in some patients under mechanical ventilation with high-inspired oxygen concentrations. To clarify the molecular pathophysiology of this, the time course of gene expression changes induced by hyperoxia exposure in mouse lungs was examined using real-time quant... |
Presence of different antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and ascorbate, p-phenilendiamine-pyrocathecol (PPD-PC), o-dianisidine, and guaiacol isoperoxidases, was shown in the phytoparasific nematode species Meloidogyne incognita, M. hapla, Globodera rostochiensis, G. pallida, Heterodera s... |
The bacteria Pasteuria spp. have been identified as among the most promising of several microbial organisms currently under investigation as biological control agents of plant-parasitic nematodes. As part of our goal to develop methods to discriminate isolates of Pasteuria penetrans with different host preferences, we ... |
A collection of Caenorhabditis elegans mutants that show ectopic surface lectin binding (Srf mutants) was analyzed to determine the biochemical basis for this phenotype. This analysis involved selective removal or labeling of surface components, specific labeling of surface glycans, and fractionation of total protein w... |
Changes in root- and leaf-soluble proteins were investigated in tomato after invasion by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica, or in barley and wheat after invasion by the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae. Infection of susceptible tomato plants by M. javanica did not cause any change in the soluble-protein... |
Host physiological events in relation to infestation by parasitic nematodes are not well documented. Soybean plant responses to Meloidogyne incognita infestation were compared to resistant (Bryan) and susceptible (Brim) cultivars at 0, 1, 3, 10, 20, and 34 days after infestation (DAI). The resistant cultivar had higher... |
The incidence of adhesion of Pasteuria penetrans endospores to Meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles (J2) was studied after pretreatment of the latter with monoclonal antibodies (MAb), cationized ferritin, and other organic molecules in replicated trials. Monoclonal antibodies developed to a cuticular epitope of... |
The relationships among a number of populations of Globodera pallida from Britian, the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, and South America were examined using PCR amplification of the ribosomal cistron between the 18S and 28S genes that include the two intergenic spacer regions (ITS1 and ITS2) and the 5.8S gene. Ampli... |
The ultrastructure of spermatozoa in the free-living marine nematode Halalaimus dimorphus was studied with transmission electron microscopy. Spermatozoa in the posterior testis of the male had a large cavity filled with cellular processes, which contained a variable number of small tubules. Mitochondria and small tubul... |
Peripheral Myelin Protein 22 (PMP22) is mostly expressed in Schwann cells where it is essential in the compaction of myelin. The duplication of the PMP22 gene results in a hereditary demyelinating neuropathy of the Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A (CMT1A). So far there are only a few case reports suggesting that dysimmune m... |
Penicillium marneffei is a dimorphic fungus that can cause disseminated mycosis, especially in AIDS patients. The role of heat shock proteins and stress response-related proteins in P. marneffei remains unknown. In this study, we isolated a cDNA encoding for heat shock protein 30 (Hsp30) of P. marneffei using an antibo... |
Mycophenolic acid (MPA), converted from the prodrug mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), is generated by intestinal and hepatic esterases. The role of carboxylesterase (CES) in MMF hydrolysis was examined in vitro using human liver microsomes. V(max) and K(m) values of MMF hydrolysis in pooled human liver microsomes were 1368 ... |
Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. (LE) is widely used in the treatment of abnormal skin conditions, but its systemic efficacy, especially in atopic dermatitis (AD), is not clear. To examine the systemic efficacy of LE on the clinical manifestation of AD-like skin lesions, NC/Nga mice, a murine model of AD, were... |
Multiconformation continuum electrostatics (MCCE) explores different conformational degrees of freedom in Monte Carlo calculations of protein residue and ligand pK(a)s. Explicit changes in side chain conformations throughout a titration create a position dependent, heterogeneous dielectric response giving a more accura... |
In-stent restenosis becomes increasingly prevalent as a difficult-to-treat disease. An alternative therapeutic strategy is enhancing endothelialization on metallic stent surfaces. This study attempted to modify surface chemistry and topography of commercial pure titanium (cp-Ti) by different sol-gel derived oxide coati... |
The recently arising antithrombin drug, angiomax, was successfully conjugated with a 5'-amino oligonucleotide through click chemistry. This oligo-angiomax conjugate was assembled into a two-dimensional DNA lattice with other oligonucleotides together. Besides the plane sheet of DNA lattices, an interesting angiomax-inv... |
In situ crosslinkable hydrogel formed from an amphiphilic amylopectin-based hydrogelator in aqueous solution was investigated with respect to its viscoelasticity, structure as well as protein encapsulation and release. Different from the physical hydrogel formed from an aqueous amylopectin system of sufficiently high c... |
Here we propose the use of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors as a non-invasive vehicle for the nervous system to deliver genes to spinal motoneurons, based on their retrograde transport from muscle. Long-term protein expression in lower cervical motoneurons was achieved after injections of AAV into the triceps, inde... |
S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 is required for the degradation of p27 protein, which is a negative regulator of cyclin E/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 complex. The present study examined the expression of cyclin E, S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 and p27 protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. |
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) inhibits the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and related cell types induced by oxidized LDL and its major atherogenic component, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). CNP expression is increased in smooth muscle in atherosclerotic and restenotic lesions, but mechanisms underly... |
Women at risk of preterm labor are commonly treated with antenatal glucocorticoids to reduce neonatal complications, including respiratory distress syndrome. Despite the benefits of antenatal glucocorticoid for neonatal lung function, they are associated with negative cardiovascular outcomes. Among this population, the... |
Small, genomically-encoded microRNAs are important factors in the regulation of mRNA translation. Although their biogenesis is relatively well-defined, it is still unclear how they are recruited to their mRNA targets. The fragile X mental retardation protein family members, FMRP, FXR1P and FXR2P are RNA binding protein... |
Small RNAs are not only involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing in the cytoplasm, but also modulate activities of the nuclear genome. Although silencing of mRNAs involves RNA-RNA base-pairing, it remains unclear whether the RNAi machinery responsible for chromatin or DNA modification interacts with DNA or RNA. ... |
Upon nuclear export, RNP particles are either localized to polysomes or further assembled into larger RNA granules which are transported to the cellular periphery for localized translation. These mechanisms are important for asymmetric mRNA and protein distribution and have profound impact on cellular physiology. mRNA ... |
PIM1 is a serine/threonine kinase that has diverse biological roles in cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. PIM1 has been implicated in early transformation and tumor progression in haematopoietic malignancies and prostate carcinomas. The ability of PIM1 to regulate these processes is thought to be in part... |
The nematode surface coat is defined as an extracuticular component on the outermost layer of the nematode body wall, visualized only by electron microscopy. Surface coat proteins of Meloidogyne incognita race 3 infective juveniles were characterized by electrophoresis and Western blotting of extracts from radioiodine ... |
A steinernematid nematode was isolated from soil samples collected near St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. On the basis of its morphometry and RFLPs in ribosomal DNA spacer, it was designated as a new strain, NF, of Steinernema feltiae. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis was used to separate isozymes of eight enzymes in ... |
The enzyme activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH, NADP-specific), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate kinase (PK), and fructose-l,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) were studied in the third-stage juveniles of Steinernema ... |
Changes in the carbohydrate (glucose, trehalose, and glycogen) and total protein contents of eggs retained within Heterodera glycines cysts were monitored monthly in a field microplot experiment conducted from March 1993 to March 1995. Treatments included two near-isogenic lines of soybean cv. Clark differing for date ... |
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States and five-year survival remains low. Numerous studies have shown that chronic inflammation may lead to progression of carcinogenesis. As a result of inflammatory stimulation, arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism produces proliferation mediators through co... |
An aquatic 24-hour lethality test using Caenorhabditis elegans was used to assess toxicity of glucosinolates and their enzymatic breakdown products. In the absence of the enzyme thioglucosidase (myrosinase), allyl glucosinolate (sinigrin) was found to be nontoxic at all concentrations tested, while a freeze-dried, dial... |
Transcription of genes encoding several enzymes and the activity of some of these enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway leading to synthesis of chemical and physical barriers for defense of plants against root pathogens was estimated in susceptible and resistant soybean infected with Heterodera glycines race 3 or with... |
Enterocin LR/6, a bacteriocin obtained from the culture filtrate of Enterococcus faecium strain LR/6, has been purified to homogeneity using ammonium sulfate precipitation, cation-exchange chromatography, gel-filtration, and checked on reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. It is active at high temperatu... |
The physiological function of interleukin-6 within the central nervous system (CNS) is complex; interleukin-6 exerts neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects and yet can also function as a mediator of inflammation, demyelination, and astrogliosis depending on the cellular context. However, the roles of interleukin-6 in... |
The atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine is effective in treatment-refractory schizophrenia. The intracellular signaling pathways that mediate clozapine action remain unknown. A potential candidate is the mitogen-activated protein kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK-ERK) cascade that links G-protein-cou... |
SNAI1P, a protein coded by a retrogene, is a member of the SNAI family of E2-box binding transcriptional repressors. To evaluate whether the mode of action of SNAI1P is similar to those of the other predominant members of the SNAI family, we studied its action on human claudin 7 (CLDN7) gene promoter which has seven E2... |
Although Ocimum sanctum has been used extensively for its medicinal values in India and China, its antitumor activity against human nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) A549 cells has not been investigated until now. Therefore, the antitumor mechanism of ethanol extracts of Ocimum sanctum (EEOS) was elucidated in A549 ... |
Our purpose was to investigate the neuroprotective effects (and the underlying mechanism) exerted by water extract of Brazilian green propolis (WEP) and its main constituents against the neuronal damage induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)/reoxygenation in retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5, a rat ganglion cell-line ... |
Because both Toll-like receptor-1 (TLR1) and TLR2 are expressed in atherosclerotic plaques, we hypothesized that TLR1 and TLR2 may play different roles in the formation of vulnerable plaques and that combinatorial knockdown of TLR1 and TLR2 genes may enhance the effects of isolated knockdown of the TLR1 or TLR2 gene on... |
To investigate the role of inhibitory KappaB (IKappaB) protein kinase (IKK) alpha and gamma genes silencing induced by RNA interference (RNAi) in modulation of nuclear factor-KappaB (NF-KappaB) signal pathway, to elucidate further the regulatory mechanism of NF-KappaB gene. |
To investigate the effect of Xuebijing injection on expression of endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) and protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) mRNA and protein in rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. |
Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) is a pleiotropic cytokine that is recognized as an important modulator of the immune response. To date, there is no report that prokaryocyte-derived recombinant equine IFN-gamma has antiviral activity. In this report, the gene coding equine IFN-gamma (EIFN-gamma) mature protein was cloned i... |
Atrial fibrillation (AF) represents the most common sustained arrhythmia in clinical practice. Recent studies have demonstrated the possible implication of inflammation and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of AF. Probucol, a lipid-lowering drug that has a potent antioxidant effect, may have favorably benefits on at... |
Glucocorticoid (GC) hormones exert an antiproliferative effect on various cells. The effect is mainly mediated by glucocorticoid receptor (GR) which acts as a transcription factor. Ligand-bound GR translocates from the cytoplasm into the nucleus to modulate gene expression in a variety of ways. Although the framework o... |
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is the predominant serine/threonine phosphatase in eukaryotic cells. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), PP2A activity is decreased. Decreased PP2A activity is suggested to be involved in NFT formation and neurodegeneration. PP2A is also involved in APP secreting pathway, thus probably participat... |
Glucose homeostasis depends on insulin-regulated glucose uptake in the skeletal muscles and fat tissues via glucose transporter (GLUT) 4 translocation into cellular plasma membranes. The present study sought to elucidate GLUT4 expression, GLUT1 and GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake in the skeletal muscles of Shetl... |
It will be vital to the practical activity of every forensic and/or clinical pathologist to be able to answer three questions regarding the reconstruction of a lethal event: the type and cause of death, as well as the survival time. The authors offer an overview of the application of selected morphological techniques i... |
Approximately 8% of births are complicated by preterm delivery. To improve neonatal outcomes, a greater understanding of the mechanisms surrounding preterm parturition is required. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been implicated in the regulation of labor at term where they exhibit anti-inflamm... |
Repeated intermediate-acting insulin administration attenuates genomic reactivity of neurons in key autonomic metabolic structures in the male, but not female rat brain - results that support a central neural component of sex-specific response desensitization. The glucokinase (GK) enzyme functions as a glucose sensor i... |
Chronic gastrointestinal ischemia (CGI) is still a difficult diagnosis to make. Currently, the only diagnostic with an acceptable sensitivity for actual mucosal ischemia is gastrointestinal tonometry. However, tonometry is a cumbersome and invasive diagnostic test. We are in need of a more simple, noninvasive test for ... |
Erb-B1 (epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR) and Erb-B2 (HER-2) are two of the best-characterized members in the EGFR pathway. In many tumor types, overexpression of these proteins is associated with enhanced malignant potential. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic impact of EGFR and HER-2 protein ... |
The evolution of complex animals such as insects and mammals is achieved with surprisingly few additions in protein coding genes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of noncoding RNAs, have emerged as important regulators of organogenesis in insects, fish and mammals. The microRNA repertoire of animals has expanded significant... |
Genetic studies on the molecular basis of growth control have converged on the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway as a key regulator.1 When stimulated by nutrients (i.e. amino acids) or growth factors (i.e. insulin), TOR activates protein synthesis and other anabolic pathways to promote cell growth.1 Our knowledge of TO... |
Anxa4 belongs to the multigenic annexin family of proteins which are characterized by their ability to interact with membranes in a calcium-dependent manner. Defined as a marker for polarized epithelial cells, Anxa4 is believed to be involved in many cellular processes but its functions in vivo are still poorly underst... |
Radial glia cells are the first distinguishable glial population derived from neural epithelial cells and serve as guides for migrating neurons and as neural progenitor cells in the developing brain. Despite their functional importance during neural development, the determination and differentiation of these cells rema... |
Human articular cartilage is an avascular structure, which, when injured, poses significant hurdles to repair strategies. Not only does the defect need to be repopulated with cells, but preferentially with hyaline-like cartilage.SUCCESSFUL TISSUE ENGINEERING RELIES ON FOUR SPECIFIC CRITERIA: cells, growth factors, scaf... |
Wnt signaling regulates some aspect of development of nearly all endoderm-derived organs and Wnts mediate both differentiation and proliferation at different steps during visceral organogenesis. Wnt2b induces liver formation in zebrafish 1 and may combine with other inducers, Fibroblast Growth Factors 1 & 4 and Bone Mo... |
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