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THVL-Bench: A Multimodal Benchmark for Temporal Localization of Harmful Content in Long Videos

## Introduction
Video-level safety assessment is often insufficient for real-world moderation because harmful content is typically sparse and temporally localized. We introduce **Temporal Harmful Video Localization (THVL)**, a task requiring models to identify harmful segments with precise temporal boundaries and multimodal rationales.

## Dataset Summary
**THVL-Bench** is a comprehensive benchmark designed to evaluate the capability of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) in detecting and localizing harmful content within long-form videos.
- **Total Videos**: 450 real-world long videos sourced from YouTube and Bilibili.
- **Annotations**: 1,099 manually annotated segments with precise start/end timestamps.
- **Categories**: 11 distinct harm categories reflecting diverse online safety challenges.
- **Key Feature**: Each segment includes multimodal rationales (visual/audio) explaining the harmfulness.

## Supported Tasks
1. **Temporal Localization**: Identifying the precise interval where harmful content occurs.
2. **Harm Category Classification**: Labeling the specific type of harm (e.g., violence, harassment).
3. **Multimodal Attribution**: Explaining whether the harm originates from visual cues, audio, or both.
4. **Rationale Generation**: Generating natural language explanations for the moderation decision.

## Evaluation
A systematic evaluation of state-of-the-art MLLMs on THVL-Bench reveals a significant "detection-localization gap". While models can often recognize that harm exists, they struggle with precise temporal grounding. We also provide **THVL-Expert**, a multi-expert framework as a baseline to enhance temporal reasoning.

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- license: cc-by-4.0
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+ ---
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+ license: cc-by-4.0
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+ task_categories:
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+ - video-classification
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+ language:
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+ - en
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+ tags:
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+ - temporal-localization
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+ - video-understanding
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+ - multimodal
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+ - multimodal-safety
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+ - content-moderation
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+ - long-video
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+ - benchmark
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+ pretty_name: THVL-Bench
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+ size_categories:
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+ - n<1K
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+ ---