| Year | Title | Role | Director | Notes |
| 2000 | The Apocalypse | Johanan | Raffaele Mertes | - |
| 2002 | Tom & Thomas | Tom Sheppard / Thomas | Esmé Lammers | - |
| 2003 | Behind Closed Doors | Sam Goodwin | Louis Caulfield | - |
| 2003 | Shanghai Knights | Charlie Chaplin | David Dobkin | - |
| 2004 | Dead Cool | George | David Cohen | - |
| 2006 | The Thief Lord | Prosper | Richard Claus | - |
| 2006 | The Illusionist | Young Eisenheim | Neil Burger | - |
| 2006 | Fast Learners | Neil | Christoph Röhl | Short film |
| 2006 | The Best Man | Michael (Aged 15) | Stefan Schwartz | - |
| 2007 | The Magic Door | Flip | Paul Matthews | - |
| 2008 | Dummy | Danny | Matthew Thompson | Nominated — ALFS Award for Young British Performer of the Year |
| 2008 | Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging | Robbie Jennings | Gurinder Chadha | - |
| 2009 | The Greatest | Bennett Brewer | Shana Feste | - |
| 2009 | Nowhere Boy | John Lennon | Sam Taylor-Johnson | Empire Award for Best Newcomer Nominated — ALFS Award for Young British Performer of the Year Nominated — British Independent Film Award for Best Actor |
| 2010 | Kick-Ass | David "Dave" Lizewski / Kick-Ass | Matthew Vaughn | Nominated — Empire Award for Best Actor Nominated — BAFTA Rising Star Award Nominated — Scream Award for Best Breakout Performance - Male Nominated — Scream Award for Best Fantasy Actor Nominated — Scream Award for Best Superhero Nominated — Teen Choice Award for Breakout Male |
| 2010 | Chatroom | William Collins | Hideo Nakata | - |
| 2011 | Albert Nobbs | Joe Mackins | Rodrigo García | - |
| 2012 | Savages | Ben | Oliver Stone | - |
| 2012 | Anna Karenina | Count Vronsky | Joe Wright | Final time credited as Aaron Johnson Nominated — Alliance of Women Film Journalists Award for Best Depiction of Nudity, Sexuality, or Seduction (shared w/ Keira Knightley) |
| 2013 | Kick-Ass 2 | David "Dave" Lizewski / Kick-Ass | Jeff Wadlow | First time credited as Aaron Taylor-Johnson |
| 2014 | Captain America: The Winter Soldier | Pietro Maximoff / Quicksilver | Anthony and Joe Russo | Uncredited cameo |
| 2014 | Godzilla | Lt. Ford Brody | Gareth Edwards | - |
| 2015 | Avengers: Age of Ultron | Pietro Maximoff / Quicksilver | Joss Whedon | - |
| 2016 | Nocturnal Animals | Ray Marcus | Tom Ford | Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture Virtuosos Award for Best Supporting Actor Nominated — BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role Nominated — San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actor |
| 2017 | The Wall | Isaac | Doug Liman | - |
| 2018 | Outlaw King | James Douglas, Lord of Douglas | David Mackenzie | - |
| 2018 | A Million Little Pieces | James Frey | Sam Taylor-Johnson | - |
| 2020 | Kingsman: The Great Game | - | Matthew Vaughn | Filming |