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26950753 | Toward an understanding of anticipatory pleasure deficits in schizophrenia: Memory, prospection, and emotion experience. | Anticipatory pleasure deficits have been observed in people with schizophrenia. Less is known about the extent to which interrelated processes that comprise anticipatory pleasure, including memory, prospection, and emotion experience are disrupted. We asked people with (n = 32) and without (n = 29) schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder to provide memory and prospection narratives in response to specific cues. Half of the prospections followed a memory task, and half followed a control task. People with schizophrenia generated memories similar in content and experience as controls even as they described them less clearly. However, people with schizophrenia were less likely to explicitly reference the past in their prospections, and their prospections were less detailed and richly experienced than controls, regardless of the task completed before prospection. People with schizophrenia reported similar levels of positive emotion (current and predicted) in positive prospections that followed the memory task, but less positive emotion than controls in positive prospections that followed the control task. Taken together, these results suggest that people with schizophrenia experience difficulties drawing from past experiences and generating detailed prospections. However, asking people with schizophrenia to recall and describe memories prior to prospection may increase the likelihood of drawing from the past in prospections, and may help boost current and predicted pleasure. | [
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"Adult",
"Anhedonia",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Memory",
"Memory, Episodic",
"Middle Aged",
"Neuropsychological Tests",
"Pleasure",
"Schizophrenic Psychology"
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666570 | Plasma testosterone level and sexual behavior of couples. | Eleven couples, ages 21-31 years and married for at least 1 year, were studied intensively over a three menstrual cycle period from both an endocrine and a sexual behavioral standpoint. Each subject was interviewed individually and had a blood sample drawn twice weekly. Interviews were rated independently by two psychiatrists for degree of sexual initiation, responsivity, avoidance, couple interaction, and mood. Wives rated themselves also for degree of sexual gratification (responsivity). Plasma levels of testosterone and cortisol were determined for both husbands and wives while progesterone and estradiol levels were determined additionally for wives. Husband's initiation scores were significantly correlated with their wives responsivity (clinically rated) scores for 10 of the 11 couples; wives' initiation scores were significantly related to their husband's responsivity scores for 8 of the 11 couples. When either set of correlation coefficients was treated as a new variable and intercorrelated with the husband's average testosterone levels, a significant relationship was obtained. Intercourse frequency, while not related to either partner's average testosterone levels, was related to wives' testosterone levels at their ovulatory peaks. The wivess' self-rated gratification scores correlated significantly with their own plasma testosterone levels. Inspection of each wife's plasma testosterone profile across the three cycles indicated that a dichotomy coccurred, with some women showing a high baseline level and others showing a low baseline level. When wives were dichotomized on this basis, it was found that high baseline testosterone level was significantly related to high self-rated gratification score and to ability to form good interpersonal relationships. | [
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"Adrenal Cortex",
"Adult",
"Emotions",
"Estradiol",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hydrocortisone",
"Interpersonal Relations",
"Libido",
"Male",
"Menstruation",
"Ovulation",
"Personality",
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"Self-Assessment",
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3120057 | Characterization of capsaicin-sensitive neurones in adult rat dorsal root ganglion cultures. | Two populations of neurones can be distinguished in sections of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) by light microscopy and immunofluorescence techniques: large light (neurofilament-positive) and small dark (neurofilament-negative) neurones. This paper shows that corresponding populations can be seen in cultures of adult rat DRG, as judged by cell body size distributions and neurofilament content. None of the large light neurones, which are strongly positive for neurofilament immunoreactivity, show capsaicin sensitivity, which is detected histochemically by a cobalt uptake stain. | [
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"Animals",
"Antibodies, Monoclonal",
"Capsaicin",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Cobalt",
"Ganglia, Spinal",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Intermediate Filament Proteins",
"Neurofilament Proteins",
"Neurons",
"Neurotoxins",
"Rats",
"Rats, Inbred Strains"
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7476775 | [Reconstruction of the oral cavity: the free radial forearm flap versus the free jejunal flap]. | The concentration in a restricted area such as the oral cavity of the essential anatomic structures for mastication, deglutition, speech, salivary drainage and respiration makes it indispensable to ensure not only the structural reconstruction of the region but also, and above all, a functional reconstruction of the anatomic unit affected by resection. The use of revascularised flaps has extended both the quantity and quality of reconstructive methods available. In the context of the oral cavity the most widely used flaps are the radial forearm free flap and jejunum free flap. In this paper the authors report their personal experience in a group of 13 patients (6 radial forearm and 7 jejunum) undergoing oral cavity reconstruction using free flap. For each flap the authors describe the microsurgical procedure, the clinical characteristics of the post-operative period, the locoregional complications, the donor site and lastly the long-term clinical, anatomopathological and functional modifications 6-12 months after primary treatment. Moreover, they highlight the varying characteristics of the two flaps and make a critical assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of using one or other method. Lastly, in the light of their experience and a review of international literature, the authors underline the importance of making a careful choice and personalized reconstruction, and finally outline their own criteria of choice. | [
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"Adult",
"Aged",
"Chemotherapy, Adjuvant",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Forearm",
"Humans",
"Jejunum",
"Male",
"Microsurgery",
"Middle Aged",
"Mouth",
"Mouth Neoplasms",
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22280555 | A genome triplication associated with early diversification of the core eudicots. | BACKGROUND: Although it is agreed that a major polyploidy event, gamma, occurred within the eudicots, the phylogenetic placement of the event remains unclear.RESULTS: To determine when this polyploidization occurred relative to speciation events in angiosperm history, we employed a phylogenomic approach to investigate the timing of gene set duplications located on syntenic gamma blocks. We populated 769 putative gene families with large sets of homologs obtained from public transcriptomes of basal angiosperms, magnoliids, asterids, and more than 91.8 gigabases of new next-generation transcriptome sequences of non-grass monocots and basal eudicots. The overwhelming majority (95%) of well-resolved gamma duplications was placed before the separation of rosids and asterids and after the split of monocots and eudicots, providing strong evidence that the gamma polyploidy event occurred early in eudicot evolution. Further, the majority of gene duplications was placed after the divergence of the Ranunculales and core eudicots, indicating that the gamma appears to be restricted to core eudicots. Molecular dating estimates indicate that the duplication events were intensely concentrated around 117 million years ago.CONCLUSIONS: The rapid radiation of core eudicot lineages that gave rise to nearly 75% of angiosperm species appears to have occurred coincidentally or shortly following the gamma triplication event. Reconciliation of gene trees with a species phylogeny can elucidate the timing of major events in genome evolution, even when genome sequences are only available for a subset of species represented in the gene trees. Comprehensive transcriptome datasets are valuable complements to genome sequences for high-resolution phylogenomic analysis. | [
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"Evolution, Molecular",
"Gene Duplication",
"Gene Expression Profiling",
"Genetic Speciation",
"Genome, Plant",
"Magnoliopsida",
"Phylogeny",
"Plant Proteins",
"Polyploidy"
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25367544 | Parent-implemented social intervention for toddlers with autism: an RCT. | OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of two 9-month parent-implemented interventions within the Early Social Interaction (ESI) Project. Both individual-ESI, offered 2 or 3 times per week at home or in the community, and group-ESI, offered once per week in a clinic, taught parents how to embed strategies to support social communication throughout everyday activities.METHODS: Participants in the randomized controlled trial included 82 children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at 16 to 20 months. Children were matched on pretreatment nonverbal developmental level and pairs were randomly assigned to treatment condition. Child outcomes included measures of social communication, autism symptoms, adaptive behavior, and developmental level. Child outcomes are reported from baseline to the end of the 9-month interventions.RESULTS: Children in individual-ESI showed differential change on a standardized examiner-administered observational measure of social communication, as they improved at a faster rate than children in group-ESI. Individual-ESI also showed differential efficacy on a parent report measure of communication, daily living, and social skills, as they showed improvement or stability, whereas group-ESI led to worsening or no significant change on these skills. Finally, individual-ESI showed differential change on examiner-administered measures of receptive language skills, as children in individual-ESI improved significantly, whereas group-ESI showed no change.CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the efficacy of individual-ESI compared with group-ESI on child outcomes, suggesting the importance of individualized parent coaching in natural environments. The efficacy of a parent-implemented intervention using little professional time has potential for community viability, which is particularly important in light of the lack of main effects on child outcomes of most other parent-implemented interventions. | [
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"Child Development Disorders, Pervasive",
"Community Mental Health Services",
"Education, Nonprofessional",
"Evidence-Based Practice",
"Female",
"Florida",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Home Care Services",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Interpersonal Relations",
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"Michigan",
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31770169 | How Often Are Study Design and Level of Evidence Misreported in the Pediatric Orthopaedic Literature? | BACKGROUND: Observational studies are the most commonly used study designs in the pediatric orthopaedic literature. The differences between observational study designs are important but not widely understood, leading to potential discrepancies between the reported and actual study design. Study design misclassification is associated with a potential for misreporting level of evidence (LOE). The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of study design and LOE misclassification in the pediatric orthopaedic literature.METHODS: The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science was queried to identify all pediatric orthopaedic observational studies published from 2014 to 2017. Reported study design and LOE were recorded for each study. The actual study design and LOE were determined on the basis of established clinical epidemiological criteria by reviewers with advanced epidemiological training. Studies with a discrepancy between reported versus actual study design and LOE were identified. The following covariates were recorded for each study: subspecialty, inclusion of a statistician coauthor, sample size, journal, and journal impact factor. ÷ test was used to identify factors associated with study design and LOE misreporting.RESULTS: In total, 1000 articles were screened, yielding 647 observational studies. A total of 335 publications (52%) did not clearly report a study design in the abstract or manuscript text. Of those that did, 59/312 (19%) reported the incorrect study design. The largest discrepancy was in the 109 studies that were reported to be case series, among which 30 (27.5%) were actually retrospective cohort studies. In total, 313 publications (48%) did not report a LOE. Of those that did, 95/334 (28%) reported the incorrect LOE. In total, 33 studies (19%) reported a LOE that was higher than the actual LOE and 62 (35%) under-reported the LOE.CONCLUSIONS: The majority of observational pediatric orthopaedic studies did not report a study design or reported the wrong study design. Similarly, the majority of studies did not report or misreported their LOE. Greater epidemiological rigor in evaluating observational studies is required on the part of investigators, reviewers, and editors.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II. | [
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"Biomedical Research",
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"Journal Impact Factor",
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"Orthopedics",
"Pediatrics",
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16407218 | Interaction of mannan binding lectin with alpha2 macroglobulin via exposed oligomannose glycans: a conserved feature of the thiol ester protein family? | The serum collectin mannan-binding lectin (MBL) binds to oligomannose and GlcNAc-terminating glycans present on microorganisms. Using a commercial affinity chromatography resin containing immobilized MBL we screened human and mouse serum for endogenous MBL-binding targets. We isolated the serum protease inhibitor alpha(2) macroglobulin (alpha2M), a heavily glycosylated thiol ester protein (TEP) composed of four identical 180-kDa subunits, each of which has eight N-linked glycosylation sites. alpha2M has previously been reported to interact with MBL; however, the interaction was not characterized. We investigated the mechanism of formation of complexes between alpha2M and MBL and concluded that they form by the direct binding of oligomannose glycans Man(5-7) occupying Asn-846 on alpha2M to the lectin domains (carbohydrate recognition domains) of MBL. The oligomannose glycans are accessible for lectin binding on both active alpha2M (thiol ester intact) and protease-cleaved alpha2M (thiol ester cleaved). We demonstrate that MBL is able to interact with alpha2M in the fluid phase, but the interaction does not inhibit the binding of MBL to mannan-coated surfaces. In addition to alpha2M, two other members of the TEP family, C3 and C4, which also contain oligomannose glycans, were captured from human serum using the MBL resin. MBL binding may be a conserved feature of the TEPs, dating from their ancestral origins. We suggest that the inhibition of proteases on the surface of microorganisms by an ancestral alpha2M-like TEP may generate "arrays" of oligomannose glycans to which MBL or other lectins can bind. Binding would lead to opsonization or activation of enzyme systems such as complement. | [
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12099910 | Direction-specific motion blindness induced by focal stimulation of human extrastriate cortex. | Motion blindness (MB) or akinetopsia is the selective disturbance of visual motion perception while other features of the visual scene such as colour and shape are normally perceived. Chronic and transient forms of MB are characterized by a global deficit of direction discrimination (pandirectional), which is generally assumed to result from damage to, or interference with, the motion complex MT+/V5. However, the most characteristic feature of primate MT-neurons is not their motion specificity, but their preference for one direction of motion (direction specificity). Here, we report that focal electrical stimulation in the human posterior temporal lobe selectively impaired the perception of motion in one direction while the perception of motion in other directions was completely normal (unidirectional MB). In addition, the direction of MB was found to depend on the brain area stimulated. It is argued that direction specificity for visual motion is not only represented at the single neuron level, but also in much larger cortical units. | [
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927976 | Detergent enema: a cause of caustic colitis. | A 5-year-old boy developed acute colitis followed by stricture formation as a result of a detergent enema. The acute phase of the caustic induced colitis was reproduced in the dog and the rat using full strength and diluted detergent enemas. The severity of the experimental colitis was shown to be directly related to the concentration of the detergent. | [
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16495164 | Hypovitaminosis D osteopathy: is it mediated through PTH, lean mass, or is it a direct effect? | Hypovitaminosis D is increasing worldwide and is associated with low bone mass. The effects of hypovitaminosis D on bone might be direct or mediated through decreased muscle mass and function and/or secondary hyperparathyroidism. This study systematically investigated the relative contribution of lean mass, PTH, and the direct effect of vitamin D as predictors of vitamin D mediated osteopathy in elderly individuals. 460 ambulatory subjects aged 65-85 years had their bone mass and lean body mass measured by a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 OHD) were also measured. Serum 25 OHD correlated with lean body mass in men, r = 0.24, P = 0.002, but not in women; and with bone mass at all skeletal sites in men, r = 0.20-0.30, P < 0.02. Correlations were also noted at all skeletal sites in women except for the spine, r = 0.13-0.18, P < 0.04. In both genders, BMD at sites enriched in cortical bone was 0.4-0.7 SD lower in the group with the lowest vitamin D tertile than that in the group in the highest tertile. After controlling for PTH, the magnitude of the correlations between BMD and 25 OHD remained significant in both genders. After controlling for lean body mass, the magnitude of these correlations did not change in women and decreased but remained significant in men. After adjustment for age and height, both lean body mass and PTH had significant independent contributions to BMD variance at all skeletal sites. After adjustment for age, height, lean mass, and PTH, 25 OHD did not have any significant residual contribution to BMD variance except at the trochanter in men. This study demonstrates that vitamin D osteopathy in the elderly is in large part mediated through lean mass in men and through PTH levels in both genders, with a greater contribution of PTH in women than in men. There was little demonstrable independent relation between serum 25 OHD and bone mass. | [
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17659624 | Combining spin echoes with gradient echoes in the context of the global coherent free precession pulse sequence. | To extend the signal longevity of magnetically excited spins in flowing fluids while in a state of global coherent free precession (GCFP), a refocusing radiofrequency (RF) pulse and bipolar gradient waveforms were combined with the GCFP sequence. The data demonstrate that RF refocusing in the presence of flowing blood is possible, but the improvement in signal amplitude depends on the static magnetic field homogeneity along the direction of motion and the displacement of the spins between the excitation and the RF refocusing pulse, as well as displacement during subsequent RF refocusing pulses. The least amount of phase dispersion and thus the longest lasting signal is obtained with the shortest echo spacing where only one line of data is recorded between two RF refocusing pulses. This approach was successfully used in a phantom and in vivo to image fast and slow blood flow. Depending on the experimental conditions, signal persistence is improved significantly compared to playing the same sequence without RF refocusing, but the improvement is limited by the product of blood flow velocity and the time between RF refocusing pulses. | [
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985808 | Induction of interferon in ovine and human lymphocyte cultures by mycoplasmas. | Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Acholeplasma laidlawii, M. arthritidis, and M. pulmonis were shown to induce interferon in the lymphocyte fraction of ovine peripheral blood leukocytes, but not in the polymorphonuclear leukocyte fraction. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes produced significant levels of interferon in response to infection with M. pneumoniae and M. synoviae. The antiviral substance induced by the mycoplasmas in human lymphocytes was characterized as interferon by the usual criteria. | [
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"Lymphocytes",
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9620308 | Regulatory effects of heat on normal human melanocyte growth and melanogenesis: comparative study with UVB. | Although energy-rich ultraviolet B (UVB) is considered to be primarily responsible for most of the effects associated with solar radiation, small energy recorded as heat appears to contribute to the biologic effects of solar radiation on the skin. We compared the effects of heat and UVB on normal human melanocyte functions. In monolayer culture the following was found. (i) Heat-treated melanocytes showed an increased dendricity and exhibited a larger cell body compared with nontreated melanocytes. (ii) After multiple treatments with UVB (20 mJ per cm2, 312 nm) or heat (42 degrees C for 1 h) for 3 d, melanocytes had a lower survival than nontreated melanocytes, but they resumed proliferation within 6 d in the same manner as seen in control. (iii) The expression levels of cell cycle regulators, p53 and p21 proteins, were increased after multiple treatments with UVB or heat. (iv) The tyrosinase (dopa-oxidase) activity per cell was increased after the multiple treatments with UVB or heat. (v) The number of dopa-positive melanocytes in coculture with keratinocytes in epithelial sheets was greatly increased by UVB or heat treatments. (vi) Similarly, the increased number of tyrosinase-related protein 1 positive melanocytes was seen in skin equivalents after UVB (100 mJ per cm2) or heat (42 degrees C for 1 h) treatments for 7 d. These results suggest that heat shares significant biologic activities with UVB in melanocyte functions. These results could be considered as one of the protective or adaptive responses of the skin pigmentary system to the environment. | [
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25771794 | abiliti Closed-Loop Gastric Electrical Stimulation System for Treatment of Obesity: Clinical Results with a 27-Month Follow-Up. | BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a novel closed-loop gastric electric stimulation device (abiliti system) featuring a transgastric sensor to detect food intake and an accelerometer to record physical activity to induce and maintain lifestyle changes to treat obesity.METHODS: In a prospective, multi-center study, 34 obese subjects (BMI of 42.1 ± 5.3 kg/m(2)) who passed an eligibility evaluation were implanted with the abiliti system. Safety evaluation included an endoscopic exam to assess the intragastric electrode healing. Efficacy evaluation at 1 year of therapy included weight loss, improvements in eating, and exercise behavior and quality of life.RESULTS: The transgastric implant controlled by endoscopy was stable for all participants. At 12 months (12 M) the mean excess weight loss (EWL) was 28.7% (95%CI, 34.5 to 22.5%), and mean reduction in BMI was 4.8 ± 3.2 kg/m(2). At 27 months (27 M), the EWL was 27.5% (95% CI, 21.3% to 33.7%). Eating behavior, evaluated by the "Three Factor Eating Questionnaire", showed a significant increase in the cognition factor and decrease in the disinhibition and hunger factors at 12 M in comparison to baseline (p < 0.001). Participants significantly increased their weekly physical activity (p < 0.001). Quality of life was improved in 55.2% of the patients.CONCLUSIONS: Gastric electrical stimulation with abiliti system in obese participants is well tolerated and leads to significant 12 M weight loss, which was stable to 27 M. We suggest that weight loss is achieved due to the assessed alteration of eating behavior in particular the reduction in disinhibition and hunger, and the measured increase in physical activity. | [
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2975010 | Consequences of chronic phenobarbital blockade of spontaneous motility in chick embryos for the development of central motor output activity. | The consequences of the chronic continuous administration of Na+-phenobarbital in an average dose of 9.8 mg/kg e.w./24 h were studied in chick embryos. Administration was always started on the 4th day of incubation and lasted 4-12 days. Spontaneous motility was tested in 13- and 17-day-old embryos. The continuous, chronic administration of phenobarbital produced the following significant changes in the embryos' spontaneous motor activity and in the reactivity of their central motor output: 1) In 17-day-old embryos it reduced spontaneous motility in direct correlation to the time of administration. In 13-day-old embryos the effect was not yet significant. 2) It significantly inhibited strychnine, bicuculline and metrazol activation of motor output. 3) It raised the sensitivity to the acute administration of oxazepam (by 18-29.4%), but weakened the inhibitory effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (by 17.6-33.2%). From the results of these observations it is deduced that spontaneous central motor output activity is not just a developmental epiphenomenon, but that it is an important prerequisite for normal development of the embryonic CNS. | [
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"Animals",
"Bicuculline",
"Central Nervous System",
"Chick Embryo",
"Motor Activity",
"Oxazepam",
"Pentylenetetrazole",
"Phenobarbital",
"Strychnine",
"gamma-Aminobutyric Acid"
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2749074 | The control of confounding by intermediate variables. | In epidemiologic studies of the effect of an exposure on disease, the crude association of exposure with disease may fail to reflect a causal association due to confounding by one or more covariates. Most previous discussions of confounding in the epidemiologic literature have considered only point exposure studies, that is, studies that measure exposure and covariate status only once, at start of follow-up. In this paper we offer definitions of confounding suitable for longitudinal studies that obtain data on exposure, covariate, and vital status at several points in time. An important difference between longitudinal studies and point exposure studies is that, in longitudinal studies, a time-dependent covariate can be simultaneously a confounder and an intermediate variable on the causal pathway from exposure to disease. In this paper I propose an estimator, the extended standardized risk difference, that provides control for confounding by a covariate that is simultaneously a confounder and an intermediate variable. | [
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"Data Interpretation, Statistical",
"Epidemiologic Methods",
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"Humans",
"Longitudinal Studies",
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"Risk Factors"
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3972334 | Prolactin levels in pregnancy: comparison of normal subjects with patients having micro- or macroadenomas after early bromocriptine withdrawal. | 14 previously infertile patients, 11 with radiologically abnormal fossae, and a mean prolactin level of 761 ng/ml (range 49-4,500 ng/ml) conceived on 19 occasions during bromocriptine treatment. So far, 15 healthy infants have been delivered. Treatment was withdrawn soon after conception and the subsequent prolactin changes compared with those of 44 normal subjects. Prolactin levels returned to pretreatment values in 7, but stayed within our normal range (less than 350 ng/ml) in the 6 remaining patients studied. No patient developed signs or symptoms of tumor enlargement. 2 patients, 1 of them with the largest tumor, have now normal prolactin levels and can be considered as cured. Bromocriptine treatment can restore fertility and be safely withdrawn during pregnancy even in patients presenting with large tumors. Nevertheless, patients should be carefully monitored and treatment with bromocriptine re-introduced if necessary. | [
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14400,
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2449,
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12065,
1427
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"Adenoma",
"Adult",
"Bromocriptine",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Infertility, Female",
"Pituitary Neoplasms",
"Pregnancy",
"Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic",
"Prolactin"
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11564589 | Cerebrospinal fluid S-100beta and its relationship with AIDS dementia complex. | BACKGROUND: The astrocyte is thought to be important in AIDS dementia complex (ADC) pathogenesis on the basis of ADC neuropathology and cell culture models putatively because HIV can infect astrocytes leading to a compromise of their physiological detoxifying and neuronal support functions. Confirmatory in vivo data are lacking. Currently, the only widely available marker of the astrocyte is the protein S-100beta.OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to determine whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of S-100beta correlate with the presence, severity and rapidity of ADC progression.STUDY DESIGN: Fourty nine CSF samples from HIV-1 seropositive individuals with either no ADC (ADC stage 0) or varying degrees of ADC (ADC stages 1-3) were analysed in this study. An immunoradiometric assay was used to quantify levels of S-100beta in the CSF. All individuals in this study were receiving antiretroviral therapy. In addition, individuals with ADC were grouped as either rapid ADC progressors or slow ADC progressors depending on the period of time from ADC diagnosis to death.RESULTS: CSF S-100beta levels in individuals with either ADC stage 2 or 3 were significantly elevated compared to those with stage 0 or 1. Moreover, CSF S-100beta levels were significantly higher in individuals with rapid ADC progression compared with slow progressors.CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that CSF S-100beta levels predict those patients in whom ADC will progress rapidly. | [
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1528,
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"AIDS Dementia Complex",
"Biomarkers",
"Disease Progression",
"HIV-1",
"Humans",
"Nerve Growth Factors",
"S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit",
"S100 Proteins",
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26941216 | Considerations for conducting qualitative research with pediatric patients for the purpose of PRO development. | PURPOSE: To provide an overview of methodological considerations when conducting qualitative research with pediatric patients for the purpose of patient-reported outcome measure developmentMETHODS: A literature review of qualitative methods in pediatric measure development was completed. Eight clinicians providing care to pediatric patients were interviewed for their expert input. Thematic analysis of the literature and clinician interviews was used to identify themes for consideration.RESULTS: Findings from the literature and expert interviews emphasized the way in which cognitive, linguistic, and social developmental factors affect pediatric patients' understanding of their condition and ability to communicate about their experiences in an interview. There was consensus among the experts that traditional semi-structured interviews with children younger than eight lack characteristics necessary to yield meaningful information about condition and symptom report because they may fail to capture children's understanding and awareness of their condition and may limit their ability to express themselves comfortably. Our findings include recommended strategies to optimize data collected in qualitative interviews with pediatric patients, including modifications to the interview process to establish rapport, construction of interview questions to ensure they are developmentally appropriate, and the use of supplementary techniques to facilitate communication.CONCLUSION: When employing qualitative methods in pediatric measure development, interview guides, methods, and length require careful tailoring to ensure the child's perspectives are captured. This may be best achieved through research performed with narrow age bands that employs flexibility in methods to allow children a comfortable way in which to communicate about their experiences. | [
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17029463 | Dissociation of heme from gaseous myoglobin ions studied by infrared multiphoton dissociation spectroscopy and Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. | Detachment of heme prosthetic groups from gaseous myoglobin ions has been studied by collision-induced dissociation and infrared multiphoton dissociation in combination with Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Multiply charged holomyoglobin ions (hMbn+) were generated by electrospray ionization and transferred to an ion cyclotron resonance cell, where the ions of interest were isolated and fragmented by either collision with Ar atoms or irradiation with 3 mum photons, producing apomyoglobin ions (aMbn+). Both charged heme loss (with [Fe(III)-heme]+ and aMb(n-1)+ as the products) and neutral heme loss (with [Fe(II)-heme] and aMbn+ as the products) were detected concurrently for hMbn+ produced from a myoglobin solution pretreated with reducing reagents. By reference to Ea = 0.9 eV determined by blackbody infrared radiative dissociation for charged heme loss of ferric hMbn+, an activation energy of 1.1 eV was deduced for neutral heme loss of ferrous hMbn+ with n = 9 and 10. | [
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"Gases",
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16556232 | Oxidative stress promotes degradation of the Irr protein to regulate haem biosynthesis in Bradyrhizobium japonicum. | The haem proteins catalase and peroxidase are stress response proteins that detoxify reactive oxygen species. In the bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum, expression of the gene encoding the haem biosynthesis enzyme delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) is normally repressed by the Irr protein in iron-limited cells. Irr degrades in the presence of iron, which requires haem binding to the protein. Here, we found that ALAD levels were elevated in iron-limited cells of a catalase-deficient mutant, which corresponded with aberrantly low levels of Irr. Irr was undetectable in wild-type cells within 90 min after exposure to exogenous H2O2, but not in a haem-deficient mutant strain. In addition, Irr did not degrade in response to iron in the absence of O2. The findings indicate that reactive oxygen species promote Irr turnover mediated by haem, and are involved in iron-dependent degradation. We demonstrated Irr oxidation in vitro, which required haem, O2 and a reductant. A truncated Irr mutant unable to bind ferrous haem does not degrade in vivo, and was not oxidized in vitro. We suggest that Irr oxidation is a signal for its degradation, and that cells sense and respond to oxidative stress through Irr to regulate haem biosynthesis. | [
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"Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial",
"Heme",
"Hydrogen Peroxide",
"Iron",
"Oxidation-Reduction",
"Oxidative Stress",
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985400 | Freezing temperature of finger skin. | In 45 subjects, 154 frostnips of the finger were induced by cooling in air at -15 degrees C with various wind speeds. The mean supercooled skin temperature at which frostnip appeared was -9.4 degrees C. The mean skin temperature rise due to heat of fusion at ice crystallization was 5.3 degrees C. The skin temperature rose to what was termed the apparent freezing point. The relation of this point to the supercooled skin temperature was analyzed for the three wind speeds used. An apparent freezing point for a condition of no supercooling was calculated, estimating the highest temperature at which skin freezes at a given wind speed. The validity of the obtained differences in apparent freezing point was tested by an analysis of covariance. Although not statistically significant, the data suggest that the apparent freezing point with no supercooling decreases with increasing wind velocity. The highest calculated apparent freezing point at -15 degrees C and 6.8 m/s was 1.2 degrees C lower than the true freezing point for skin previously determined in brine, which is a statistically significant difference. | [
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"Male",
"Middle Aged",
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9166839 | Clonal proliferation and cytokine requirement of murine progenitors for natural killer cells. | We have established a clonal cell culture system that supports the proliferation of committed natural killer (NK) cell progenitors of mice to investigate the pathway and cytokine regulation of NK cell development. Day 14 fetal thymocytes cultured in methylcellulose with interleukin-7 (IL-7), IL-15, and steel factor (SF) formed diffuse colonies that could not be classified to known colony types. Single-cell origin of the colonies was established by micromanipulation of the colony-forming cells. Cells in the colonies are very blastic, showing no cytoplasmic differentiation, and express Ly5, Thy-1, and CD25 but not myeloid, B, mature T, or NK cell markers. The cells lack T, B, and myeloid potentials but can differentiate to mature NK cells in fetal thymus organ culture, suggesting that the colonies consist of NK committed progenitors. Examination of the minimal cytokine requirement for the NK colony formation showed that IL-7 and SF are indispensable for the formation of immature NK cell colonies. Both IL-2 and IL-15 increased the frequency of colonies. In contrast to IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15, IL-4 strongly inhibited the formation of the colonies. This quantitative clonal culture will provide a useful means to examine the mechanism of NK cell development. | [
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"Cell Division",
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"Cytokines",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Hematopoietic Stem Cells",
"Killer Cells, Natural",
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2908581 | Leukocyte subsets in the granulomatous response produced after inoculation with Mycobacterium leprae-BCG in lepromatous patients. | Leukocyte subsets present in the granulomatous response produced after the inoculation of a mixture of Mycobacterium leprae and BCG in lepromatous leprosy patients were characterized in situ using monoclonal antibodies and an immunoperoxidase technique. The granuloma produced after M. leprae-BCG inoculation showed a distribution pattern similar to tuberculoid granulomas. T lymphocytes bearing the CD8 phenotype (T cytotoxic/suppressor) were sequestered to the periphery of the epithelioid tubercles and T helper-inducer CD4+ lymphocytes were distributed throughout the infiltrate. Langerhans cells CD1+ were increased in the epidermis, and in dermis they were localized mainly in the mantle surrounding the granuloma. Most of the dermal infiltrate produced after the inoculation or M. leprae-BCG expresses the HLA-DR antigen. Similarly, most keratinocytes were also positive to this MHC antigen. The granulomatous response to BCG was similar to the inoculation of a mixture of M. leprae-BCG, however acid-fast bacilla were still present. The inoculation of M. leprae produced a macrophage granuloma with no clearing of the bacilla which resembles the lepromatous leprosy granuloma. | [
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8141178 | Urinary N-acetyl-glucosaminidase excretion and environmental lead exposure. Green Cross Health Service Association Study Group. | To understand the relationship between chronic low-level lead exposure and renal function, residents living nearby a lead battery factory for more than 10 years were selected and entered in this cross-section study. The residents living in the 1st village, within 500 m from the factory, were grouped in group 1; those in the 2nd village, within 1,000-1,500 m, in group 2, and those in the 3rd village, far from any lead-contaminated sources, in group 3. Twenty-four-hour urinary N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) was detected as early indicator of renal damage, and an ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid mobilization test was performed to estimate total body lead burden of lead-exposed persons. Blood lead level (BLL) showed a significant difference among the three study groups. The further the distance between the group and the factory, the higher BLL. The results showed a significant high prevalence of abnormal urine NAG excretion in the chronic lead-exposed group, although BLL and body lead burden of these persons were within the 'normal' range. A significant correlation between body lead burden less than 200 micrograms and 24-hour urine NAG excretion and a dose-response relationship between them were found. These observations suggested that lead was the possible cause of abnormal renal tubular function in persons with chronic low-level lead exposure, but this effect became blunt when body lead burden was more than 200 micrograms. The possible explanation may be that high body lead burden from long-term exposure will deplete the kidney of NAG or render it insensitive to the effects of lead exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) | [
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"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Environmental Exposure",
"Environmental Pollution",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Kidney Failure, Chronic",
"Lead",
"Lead Poisoning",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
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18989826 | Isolation and structure determination of the biologically active sphingolipids from marine sponge Haliclona species. | In a continuation to our study on the marine sponge Haliclona species we have isolated three new cytotoxic components of sphingolipids (1-3). Methanolysis of the sphingolipid 1a-d in methanol produces fatty acid methyl ester. GC/MS was used to determine the length. The structure of each isolated compound has been determined on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical evidence. | [
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607,
4996,
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"Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular",
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506494 | [Increased transaminase activity in the patients and personnel of dialysis centers and problem of its assessment]. | Within the general hepatitis prevention on dialysis wards regular controls of the liver values and the HBsAG/AK are necessary for the patients and the personnel. The general symptom which is frequently found in these cases -- increased transaminase -- demands a diagnostic clarification and the exclusion of an acute virus hepatitis. Using all examination methods which are at present at our disposal and taking into consideration epidemiologic criteria and the total clinical picture a decision must be done which is right for the patient and the entire dialysis personnel. Own clinical observations refer to the fact that isolated increases of the liver enzyme in dialysis patients must not be traced back a priori to a virus hepatitis, but that these may also be caused by other endogenic and exogenic noxae. In the observation period of 10 years was evident that in an existing infectious hepatitis the increase of the liver enzyme was accompanied by clinical complaints. | [
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"Alanine Transaminase",
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"Clinical Enzyme Tests",
"Diagnosis, Differential",
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"Hepatitis B Surface Antigens",
"Humans",
"Renal Dialysis",
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9145909 | Subtype-specific intracellular trafficking of alpha2-adrenergic receptors. | The three alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtypes (alpha2a, alpha2b, and alpha2c) are highly homologous G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors all couple to pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins and have relatively similar pharmacological properties. To further explore functional differences between these receptors, we used immunocytochemical techniques to compare the ability of the three alpha2-receptor subtypes to undergo agonist-mediated internalization. The alpha2a-receptor does not internalize after agonist treatment. In contrast, we observed that the alpha2b-receptor is able to undergo agonist-induced internalization and seems to follow the same endosomal pathway used by the beta2-adrenergic receptor. Attempts to examine internalization of the alpha2c-receptor were complicated by the fact that the majority of the alpha2c receptor resides in the endoplasmic reticulum and cis/media Golgi and there is relatively little cell surface localization. Nevertheless, we were able to detect some internalization of the alpha2c-receptor after prolonged agonist treatment. However, we observed no significant movement of alpha2c-receptor from the intracellular pool to the plasma membrane during a 4-hr treatment of cells with cycloheximide, suggesting that these cells are unable to process alpha2c-receptors in the same way they process the alpha2a or alpha2b subtypes. | [
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"Dogs",
"Endocytosis",
"Endoplasmic Reticulum",
"Fibroblasts",
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24512497 | Nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease is associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness only in type 2 diabetic subjects with insulin resistance. | CONTEXT: The association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and subclinical atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes is controversial.OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate the participation of insulin resistance in the association of NAFLD and the carotid atherosclerotic burden in a large cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: This was an observational study performed in 4437 consecutively enrolled patients with type 2 diabetes.MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Hepatic steatosis and mean carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) were measured using ultrasonography. Insulin resistance was assessed using the short insulin tolerance test.RESULTS: The prevalence of NAFLD was 72.7% in the whole study population. Among subjects with NAFLD, 23.2% were not insulin resistant. There were significant differences in C-IMT and the frequency of carotid atherosclerosis between groups classified by insulin resistance within the same NAFLD strata. C-IMT was highest in subjects with both NAFLD and insulin resistance [0.844 ± 0.004 (mean ± SE) mm vs 0.786 ± 0.008, 0.821 ± 0.007, and 0.807 ± 0.006 mm, P for trend <.001, respectively, in insulin sensitive subjects without NAFLD, insulin resistant subjects without NAFLD, and insulin sensitive subjects with NAFLD]. These differences remained after adjusting for potential confounders. However, C-IMT in subjects having only NAFLD or insulin resistance was not higher than that in those with neither NAFLD nor insulin resistance.CONCLUSIONS: NAFLD is very common in subjects with type 2 diabetes, but NAFLD not accompanied by insulin resistance is not associated with a carotid atherosclerotic burden. However, having both NAFLD and insulin resistance seemed to be an independent predictor of increased C-IMT. | [
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28268338 | Origami microfluidic paper-analytical-devices (omPAD) for sensing and diagnostics. | Recent research activities in the area of low-cost sensing and diagnostics that are realized on cellulosic paper substrate are presented. First a three-dimensional origami paper-based analytical device (omPAD) with multiple electrochemical sensors, an integrated sample reservoir and tight integration with a custom CMOS potentiostat is presented. Second, an optical sensor array with built-in microfluidic channel for sample delivery is presented. The sensors are fabricated using a combination of wax printing and screen-printing using a solution based approach in ambient conditions without the need for expensive fabrication equipment or a cleanroom. Readout is based on using existing consumer grade electronic devices like flatbed scanner (for optical sensor) or custom designed CMOS potentiostat (for electrochemical sensors). Together the 3D paper-based analytical device with integrated sensor, microfluidics and portable readout instrumentation demonstrates a low-cost, self-contained system suitable for sensing and point-of-care diagnostics. | [
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30115351 | Effectiveness of Psychological Adaptation Model of Mental Health Nursing for nurse survivors experiencing post-earthquake disaster post-traumatic stress syndrome. | OBJECTIVE: The study to assess the effectiveness of psychological adaptation model of mental health nursing for nurse survivors experiencing post-earthquake post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSS).METHOD: This study used a quasi-experimental pre- post-test without control group method. Respondents amounted to 42 people who have been screened for PTSS. Research took place in a district in West Java. Research instrument consisted of: 1) questionnaire for respondent's characteristics and the skills of nurses, and 2) psychological adaptation model of mental health nursing intervention in the form of modules. Data collected was analyzed using bivariate analysis namely the t test dependent.RESULTS: Nurse survivors experienced increased ability in areas including analysis of self-awareness, communication or interaction, coping mechanisms, and intrinsic motivation after undertaking the PTSS intervention. Women were more likely to experience PTSS than men.CONCLUSIONS: The model can be used for nursing theory development, and as disaster management algorithms. The model is useful for training programs, in the form of certification of nurse expertise, and improve the ability of nurses to help themselves and others. | [
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31166200 | Evaluation of a Novel Medicolegal Death Investigator-Based Suicide Surveillance System to the National Violent Death Reporting System. | The abundance of actionable information available in a medicolegal suicide investigation is often inaccessible and underutilized in public health to the detriment of prevention efforts. Epidemiologists obtained the Washington County subset of the Oregon Violent Death Reporting System (OR-VDRS). To determine if additional information beyond the OR-VDRS was available through a standard death investigation, an epidemiologist shadowed medicolegal death investigators (MDIs) for nearly 2 years. The MDIs and epidemiologist developed a novel, real-time, MDI-entered surveillance system, the Suicide Risk Factor Surveillance System (SRFSS), to capture suicide risk factor data with greater timeliness and accuracy than available through the OR-VDRS. To evaluate the performance of each surveillance system, differences in the prevalence of suicide risk factor data from SRFSS were compared with the county OR-VDRS subset for the same 133 suicides occurring in 2014-2015. Across 27 suicide risk factors and circumstances, the median difference in prevalence was 10.5 percentage points between the OR-VDRS and the SRFSS, with the higher prevalence in SRFSS. The prevalence was significantly different between the 2 surveillance systems for 21 (78%) of 27 variables. This study demonstrates the truly exceptional data quality and timeliness of MDI information over traditional sources. | [
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21675592 | Radiolocalization of sentinel lymph nodes in clinically N0 laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers. | OBJECTIVES: We sought to analyze the characteristics of radioactive lymph nodes with metastatic disease and to explore methods for the localization of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) with radionuclide in clinically N0 laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer.METHODS: Forty-five patients with T1-T4 and clinically N0 laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer were recruited. For each patient, a peritumoral submucosal injection of 99mTc-labeled sulfur colloid was administered, and lymph node mapping was performed by lymphoscintigraphy 2 hours after injection. The SLNs were localized during operation by a hand-held gamma probe 10 to 12 hours after the injection, and we defined the radioactive counts from the parotideomasseteric region as background values. All lymph nodes that had accumulated radioactivity were harvested and initially termed as SLNs. Selective neck dissection was performed in all patients. The SLN specimens were sent for formal paraffin-embedded sectioning, serial sectioning, and immunohistochemical assay. The results were compared to those for the remaining lymphadenectomy specimen. Resection of the primary tumor depended on its location and the T classification.RESULTS: Sentinel lymph nodes were identified in 41 of 45 patients (51 necks). Sentinel lymph nodes with occult metastases were found in 13 patients (15 necks). In a false-negative case, metastasis was found in a nonsentinel lymph node in 1 of the neck specimens. The SLN identification rate was 92.7%, the sensitivity was 93.7%, the false-negative rate was 6.3%, and the accuracy was 98.0%. In 11 of the 15 necks (73.3%) with pathologically positive SLNs, metastasis was found in the node with the highest radioactivity. Harvesting the first 3 nodes with the highest radioactive counts may identify patients with occult metastatic disease.CONCLUSIONS: Excision of the first 3 SLNs with the highest radioactive counts can be used to accurately identify the status of cervical lymph node metastases in patients with clinically N0 laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer. | [
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28328837 | Atypical presentation of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria treated by eculizumab: A case report. | RATIONALE: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a nonmalignant acquired hematopoietic stem cell disease, which can be revealed by hemolytic anemia, thromboembolism, or bonemarrow failure. Thrombosis can occur at any site, but coronary thrombosis is extremely rare. Controlled trials have demonstrated that eculizimab, an inhibitor of the terminal complement cascade, was able to reduce both hemolysis and thrombosis, but its efficacy in cases of PNH with coronary thrombosis is unknown.PATIENT CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSES: We report herein the unusual case of a 73-year-old patient presenting with recurrent coronary syndromes without associated stenosis, fever, marked inflammatory syndrome, and anemia, leading to a delayed diagnosis of PNH.INTERVENTION AND OUTCOMES: Eculizumab allowed the resolution of fever and inflammation, and prevented further thromboembolism.LESSONS: This case emphasizes the importance of performing aflow cytometry test for PNH in front of unusual or unexplained recurrent thromboses. Thromboses, as observed in our case, may be associated with fever and marked inflammation. This case also provides useful information on eculizumab ability to prevent further thromboembolism in PNH patients with a medical history of arterial thrombosis. | [
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15774857 | Contractile properties of the cultured vascular smooth muscle cells: the crucial role played by RhoA in the regulation of contractility. | Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) have a remarkable degree of plasticity and in response to vascular injury, they can change to a dedifferentiated state that can be typically seen in cell cultures. Recently, Y27632, a Rho kinase inhibitor, has been reported to preferentially correct hypertension in a hypertensive rat model. We thus tested the hypothesis that the contraction of the cultured VSMCs might be more dependent on the function of RhoA than the VSMCs in fresh tissue. For this purpose, a tissue-like ring preparation was made using the cultured porcine coronary artery SMCs (CASMCs) and collagen gel (reconstituted ring: R-ring). The R-ring developed an isometric tension on stimulation by high external K+ or various receptor agonists. The phorbol ester (a protein kinase C (PKC) activator)-induced contraction of the intact R-ring was greatly inhibited, while the GTPgammaS (an activator of RhoA)-induced and Ca2+-independent contraction of permeabilized R-ring was greatly enhanced, in comparison to the fresh coronary artery ring. An immunoblot analysis showed the expression levels of RhoA and myosin phosphatase subunits (MYPT1 and PP1cdelta) to be up-regulated, while the levels of CPI-17 (PKC-potentiated protein phosphatase-1 inhibitory protein), h1-calponin and PKC isoforms were downregulated in cultured CASMCs. The knock down of RhoA by RNA interference decreased the contractility of the cultured CASMCs. It is concluded that the contractility of the cultured VSMCs thus appears to be much more dependent on the function of RhoA than VSMCs in fresh tissue. The expression level of RhoA thus plays a crucial role in regulating the contractility of cultured VSMCs. | [
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3508745 | Chronobiological aspects of weight loss in obesity: effects of different meal timing regimens. | A series of short- and long-lasting experimental protocols of different meal timing regimes were performed in obese subjects to assess the possible occurrence of (1) a different metabolic fate of nutrients; (2) a phase shift of circadian rhythms of metabolic and hormonal parameters strictly related to nutrition; (3) a different weight loss. (A) In a short-lasting protocol (3 days) 15 obese subjects were fed a hypocaloric diet (684 kcal/day) (a) at 10 hr only, (b) at 1800 hr only; (c) at 1000 hr, 1400 hr and 1800 hr, or (d) studied during a 36-hr fasting. Measures of calorimetry (R.Q., CHO and lipid oxidations, energy expenditure), hormones (plasma cortisol, insulin, HGH, urinary catecholamines), urinary electrolytes (Na, K) and vital parameters (body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure) were carried out at 4-hr intervals for three days. A significantly higher lipid oxidation and a lower CHO oxidation were documented with the meal at 1800 hr, in comparison with the meal at 1000 hr. CHO and lipid oxidation circadian rhythms appeared the most affected by meal timing. (B) In a long-lasting protocol (18 days) 10 obese subjects were fed the same hypocaloric diet (a) at 1000 hr only and (b) at 1800 hr only. Calorimetric measures were performed every other day for 2 hr preceding each meal. Before and after the 18-days single meal period, body temperature, plasma cortisol, PRL and TSH were recorded (delta t = 4 hr). A higher lipid oxidation and a lower CHO oxidation were again demonstrated with the meal at 18 hr. Minimal changes of hormonal circadian rhythms were documented suggesting that the hypothalamus-hypophysis network is scarcely affected by meal timing. Weight loss did not vary in both short- and long-term protocol. | [
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26931744 | Outcome of liver transplantation in patients with hereditary bleeding disorders: a single centre UK experience. | INTRODUCTION: Patients with hereditary bleeding disorders who have developed end-stage liver disease as a consequence of hepatitis C infection (HCV) acquired from factor concentrates prior to the introduction of viral inactivation continue to be referred for liver transplantation.METHODS: A retrospective review of case notes and electronic records was performed on all patients with bleeding disorders who have undergone liver transplantation at the University Hospital Birmingham (UHB).RESULTS: Between 1990 and 2014, 35 liver transplants have been performed in 33 patients with hereditary bleeding disorders. The indication for transplantation was mainly end-stage liver disease secondary to HCV. Five patients had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection. No excess mortality due to bleeding occurred in the peri or postoperative period. Median overall survival post transplant is 9.7 years. Overall survival rates at 1, 3 and 5 years are 90%, 72% and 64% respectively. The predominant cause of mortality was liver failure secondary to either recurrent HCV or recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The median overall survival in patients with HIV co-infection is shorter than in those with mono-infection but this is not statistically significant. Patients with a pre-existing HCC had a statistically significant shorter survival (2.4 years vs. 13.6 years, P = 0.007).CONCLUSION: Liver transplantation has become an accepted treatment option for patients with hereditary bleeding disorders and HCV associated end-stage liver disease with survival rates similar to non-bleeding disorder patients. | [
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11376357 | Hair transplantation. | Hair transplantation is a technique in which hair follicles are harvested from the occipital area and re-transplanted in the frontal bald area. Hair transplantation is the most common cosmetic procedure in the United States nowadays despite the fact that it is expensive. Usually, patients need more than one session to receive a cosmetically acceptable result and patients need to be understanding and have realistic expectations. Although most of our patients are males, females represent about 10-15% of our new patients. This article reviews the basic principals of hair transplantation and describes new and improved techniques of hair transplantation. | [
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24613360 | The effect of cultural interaction on cumulative cultural evolution. | Cultural transmission and cultural evolution are important for animals, especially for humans. I developed a new analytical model of cultural evolution, in which each newborn learns cultural traits from multiple individuals (exemplars) in parental generation, individually explores around learned cultural traits, judges the utility of known cultural traits, and adopts a mature cultural trait. Cultural evolutionary speed increases when individuals explore a wider range of cultural traits, accurately judge the skill level of cultural traits (strong direct bias), do not strongly conform to the population mean, increase the exploration range according to the variety of socially learned cultural traits (condition dependent exploration), and make smaller errors in social learning. Number of exemplars, population size, similarity of cultural traits between exemplars, and one-to-many transmission have little effect on cultural evolutionary speed. I also investigated how cultural interaction between two populations with different mean skill levels affects their cultural evolution. A population sometimes increases in skill level more if it encounters a less skilled population than if it does not encounter anyone. A less skilled population sometimes exceeds a more skilled population in skill level by cultural interaction between both populations. The appropriateness of this analytical method is confirmed by individual-based simulations. | [
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8675705 | Differential expression of perforin in muscle-infiltrating T cells in polymyositis and dermatomyositis. | Polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) are the prototypical inflammatory diseases of skeletal muscle. In PM, CD8+ T cells invade and destroy muscle fibers, whereas humoral effector mechanisms prevail in DM. We studied the expression of the cytotoxic mediator perforin in inflammatory cells in PM and DM muscle by semiquantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry and confocal laser microscopy. Similar levels of perforin mRNA were expressed in PM and DM, and abundant perforin-expressing CD3+CD8+ and CD3+ CD4+ T cells were observed in both diseases. However, there was a striking difference in the intracellular localization of perforin. In DM, perforin was distributed randomly in the cytoplasm of the inflammatory T cells. In contrast, 43% of the CD8+ T cells that contacted a muscle fiber in PM showed perforin located vectorially towards the target muscle fiber. The results suggest (a) that the random distribution of perforin in the cytoplasm of muscle-infiltrating T cells observed in DM reflects nonspecific activation, and (b) that the vectorial orientation observed only in PM reflects the specific recognition via the T cell receptor of an antigen on the muscle fiber surface, pointing to a perforin- and secretion-dependent mechanism of muscle fiber injury. | [
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21442223 | The relative timing of trunk muscle activation is retained in response to unanticipated postural-perturbations during acute low back pain. | The purpose of this study was to assess the activation of the erector spinae (ES) and external oblique (EO) in response to unanticipated, bi-directional postural perturbations before and after the induction of acute low back pain (LBP) in healthy individuals. An experimental session consisted of a baseline, control, and an acute LBP condition. For the control and acute LBP condition, isotonic or hypertonic saline (HS), respectively, was injected into the right ES muscle. In each condition, participants stood on a moveable platform during which 32 randomized postural perturbations (8 repetitions of 4 perturbation types: 8 cm anterior slides, 8 cm posterior slides, 10° anterior tilts, and 10° posterior tilts) with varying inter-perturbation time intervals were performed over a period of 4-5 min. Bilateral surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from the ES and EO in addition to subjective pain records. During the acute LBP condition: (1) the onset time of the ES and EO was delayed for the forward and backward sliding perturbations (P < 0.05); (2) EMG amplitude was reduced bilaterally for all perturbations (P < 0.05); (3) the order of activation and interval between the onset times of the ES and EO were unaltered and (4) ES, but not EO, activity was adjusted to account for the directional differences between the perturbations. This study revealed that re-establishment of posture and balance was a result of the individuals' ability to rapidly modulate ES with respect to EO activity and that the bi-directional postural responses, although shifted in time and amplitude, retained temporal features in the presence of acute LBP. | [
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"Muscle, Skeletal",
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23109305 | Pelvic fractures at a new level 1 trauma centre: who dies from pelvic trauma? The Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital experience. | OBJECTIVE: To identify the incidence of pelvic trauma, causes of death and factors predicting death with pelvic fractures.METHODS: All pelvic fractures were retrospectively identified from a registry spanning from March 2007 to August 2009. Data was captured on a proforma. Data for survivors, non-survivors and a subgroup with pelvic injury as the underlying cause of death were compared.RESULTS: Pelvic fracture incidence was 16% of major trauma cases. Patient with pelvic fractures had 31% mortality and 9% pelvic fracture-induced mortality. Motor vehicle collisions were the commonest external cause of pelvic fractures (59%); however, the highest mortality was from falls >6 m. The Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 29 in survivors, 36 in non-survivors, and 54 in the pelvic death subgroup. Type C fracture was a predictor of mortality (P = 0.135). 53% of the cases required transfusion in the first 24 hours. The pelvic death subgroup received a mean of 10.7 units of blood, versus 4 units for survivors and 3.7 units for non-survivors (P = 0.259).CONCLUSION: The overall incidence of pelvic fracture and associated mortality were higher than previously reported. Fracture severity and falls from heights are associated with additional injuries (higher ISS) and mortality. More severe fractures cause deaths directly attributable to the pelvic injury. The requirement for major blood transfusions for pelvic fracture hemorrhage was related to mortality. Female patients appeared to fare worse than males. | [
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10829850 | Transplacental immunity and waning of maternal antibody in measles. | Since transplacental immunity and waning of maternally derived measles specific antibodies play an important role in determining the optimum age for vaccination of infants against measles, a study was carried out in which 150 paired samples and 581 infant serum samples were tested for measles specific antibodies. Out of these paired samples, 132 pairs showed measles antibodies in both mother and cord. HAI antibody was absent in 3 paired samples whereas, 5 mothers could not pass on the antibodies in the cord samples. In the remaining 10 serum samples only cord blood showed the presence of antibodies without the detectable level of antibodies in mother. Statistically no significant difference between the mother and cord blood titers was observed by applying the student 't' test for comparison of the mean (t = 0.01). Analysis of 581 infant serum samples for prevalence of maternal antibodies indicated that 83% of the samples at the age of 3 months or below had measles antibodies but with the increase in age there was tremendous loss with only 19-20% at the age of 6-7 months. After 7 months the percentage of infants which had antibody varied from 11-13%. There was negative correlation between age and seropositivity (r = -0.72) which was highly significant (p < 0.05). | [
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7720178 | A phase I trial of high-dose oral tamoxifen and CHOPE. | Drug resistance is a common phenomenon in clinical oncology. In vitro, tamoxifen has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of P-glycoprotein and a modulator of the multidrug resistance phenotype. We have previously shown that vinblastine can be given safely in combination with tamoxifen at doses that may modulate P-glycoprotein activity. In this phase I trial, tamoxifen (150 mg/m2 twice a day) was given with CHOPE (cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/vincristine/prednisone/etoposide) in order to assess the toxicities of the combination. Resistance to three of these cytotoxic agents (doxorubicin, vincristine, and etoposide) may be mediated by P-glycoprotein. A total of 13 patients were evaluable on this trial, which showed that the maximum tolerated doses of cyclophosphamide and etoposide were 750 and 80 mg/m2, respectively. The dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression with 50% of the patients (3/6) treated at this dose level developing febrile neutropenia and 85% (6/7) developing grade 4 neutropenia. Tamoxifen at a dose of 150 mg/m2 twice a day can be given safely with the lymphoma regimen CHOPE at standard doses, but this combination may result in increased myelosuppression. | [
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29571266 | Retrieval activates related words more than presentation. | Retrieving information enhances learning more than restudying. One explanation of this effect is based on the role of mediators (e.g., sand-castle can be mediated by beach). Retrieval is hypothesised to activate mediators more than restudying, but existing tests of this hypothesis have had mixed results [Carpenter, S. K. (2011). Semantic information activated during retrieval contributes to later retention: Support for the mediator effectiveness hypothesis of the testing effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 37(6), 1547-1552. doi: 10.1037/a0024140 ; Lehman, M., & Karpicke, J. D. (2016). Elaborative retrieval: Do semantic mediators improve memory? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 42(10), 1573-1591. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000267 ]. The present experiments explored an explanation of the conflicting results, testing whether mediator activation during a retrieval attempt depends on the accessibility of the target information. A target was considered less versus more accessible when fewer versus more cues were given during retrieval practice (Experiments 1 and 2), when the target had been studied once versus three times initially (Experiment 3), or when the target could not be recalled versus could be recalled during retrieval practice (Experiments 1-3). A mini meta-analysis of all three experiments revealed a small effect such that retrieval activated mediators more than presentation, but mediator activation was not reliably related to target accessibility. Thus, retrieval may enhance learning by activating mediators, in part, but these results suggest the role of other processes, too. | [
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1189772 | [Clinical experience with Dilatol therapy in EPH-gestoses]. | An information about the experience with DILATOL-treatment of 11 patients suffering from EPH-gestosis with hypertonia as the main symptom, is given. In all cases it was possible to reduce the systolic and diastolic blood-pressure. In long-time treatment an increasing resistance to therapy was noticed. In any case the treatment has to be combined with a frequent medical control of the gravidity with respect to the foetus and the placenta, to determine the right moment of the premature finishing of the gravidity, which is often necessary. Although no child of our 11 patients, died, it wasn't possible to prove the fact, that the perinatal mortality in the case of heavy EPH-gestosis after treating with beta-adrenergic substances is reduced. There weren't noticed any detrimental consequences to mother and child after treating with DILATOL within a space of time up to 4 weeks up to a total amount of 500 mg. | [
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189915 | Effect of prolactin on growth and the estrogen receptor level of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). | The intracellular specific 17beta-estradiol binding in the human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, was shown to be modified by prolactin. Both ovine and human prolactin doubled the estradiol receptor (E2R) level, but the latter was at least 10 times more stimulatory on a concentration basis. Most of the E2R complex (approximately 80%) was transported to the nucleus, and the prolactin stimulation was reflected in an elevated nuclear uptake of the tritiated 17beta-estradiol. Neither ovine nor human prolactin altered the growth rate of the cells when E2R stimulation was maximal. Insulin (10 mug/ml) stimulated tritiated thymidine incorporation and total DNA content but had no apparent effect on E2R concentration. At 10(-4) M, N6,O2'-dibutyrylcyclicadenosine 3':5'-monophosphate increased insulin stimulation of tritiated thymidine incorporation and brought about a prolactin stimulation of apparent DNA synthesis. Theophylline (10(-3) M) blocked both of these effects of N6,O2'-dibutyrylcyclicadenosine 3':5'-monophosphate. The possible mechanism implicating prolactin as an effector of differentiation and growth of MCF-7 cells is discussed. | [
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25860209 | Comparison of UHPLC and HPLC in benzodiazepines analysis of postmortem samples: a case-control study. | The aim of this study was to compare system efficiency and analysis duration regarding the solvent consumption and system maintenance in high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC). In a case-control study, standard solutions of 7 benzodiazepines (BZs) and 73 biological samples such as urine, tissue, stomach content, and bile that screened positive for BZs were analyzed by HPLC and UHPLC in laboratory of forensic toxicology during 2012 to 2013. HPLC analysis was performed using a Knauer by 100-5 C-18 column (250 mm ? 4.6 mm) and Knauer photodiode array detector (PAD). UHPLC analysis was performed using Knauer PAD detector with cooling autosampler and Eurospher II 100-3 C-18 column (100 mm ? 3 mm) and also 2 pumps. The mean retention time, standard deviation, flow rate, and repeatability of analytical results were compared by using 2 methods. Routine runtimes in HPLC and UHPLC took 40 and 15 minutes, respectively. Changes in mobile phase composition of the 2 methods were not required. Flow rate and solvent consumption in UHPLC decreased. Diazepam and flurazepam were detected more frequently in biological samples. In UHPLC, small particle size and short length of column cause effective separation of BZs in a very short time. Reduced flow rate, solvent consumption, and injection volume cause more efficiency and less analysis costs. Thus, in the detection of BZs, UHPLC is an accurate, sensitive, and fast method with less cost of analysis. | [
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25059396 | Direct and indirect effects of glomalin, mycorrhizal hyphae, and roots on aggregate stability in rhizosphere of trifoliate orange. | To test direct and indirect effects of glomalin, mycorrhizal hyphae, and roots on aggregate stability, perspex pots separated by 37-ìm nylon mesh in the middle were used to form root-free hyphae and root/hyphae chambers, where trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings were colonized by Funneliformis mosseae or Paraglomus occultum in the root/hyphae chamber. Both fungal species induced significantly higher plant growth, root total length, easily-extractable glomalin-related soil protein (EE-GRSP) and total GRSP (T-GRSP), and mean weight diameter (an aggregate stability indicator). The Pearson correlation showed that root colonization or soil hyphal length significantly positively correlated with EE-GRSP, difficultly-extractable GRSP (DE-GRSP), T-GRSP, and water-stable aggregates in 2.00-4.00, 0.50-1.00, and 0.25-0.50 mm size fractions. The path analysis indicated that in the root/hyphae chamber, aggregate stability derived from a direct effect of root colonization, EE-GRSP or DE-GRSP. Meanwhile, the direct effect was stronger by EE-GRSP or DE-GRSP than by mycorrhizal colonization. In the root-free hyphae chamber, mycorrhizal-mediated aggregate stability was due to total effect but not direct effect of soil hyphal length, EE-GRSP and T-GRSP. Our results suggest that GRSP among these tested factors may be the primary contributor to aggregate stability in the citrus rhizosphere. | [
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"Poncirus",
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25450143 | Decrease of neocortical paired-pulse depression in GAERS and possible implication of gap junctions. | Thalamocortical slices are widely used to study thalamocortical relationships and absence epilepsy. However, it is still not known whether (1) intracortical synaptic transmission, in particular neocortical paired-pulse depression (PPD), is maintained in these slices and (2) whether PPD is altered in the Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rat from Strasbourg (GAERS, a model of absence epilepsy for which cortico-thalamic loops are involved). Furthermore, while the involvement of gap junctions (GJ) in the mechanisms leading to epileptiform discharges has been intensively studied, little is known about their effect on intracortical transmission. We first studied intracortical connection efficacy and PPD in thalamocortical slices from GAERS and non-epileptic rats (NER). We then investigated the effects of GJ blockers (carbenoxolone and quinidine) on intracortical response following single or paired-pulse stimulations in coronal slices from Wistar rats. We show that the efficacy of intracortical connections is not impaired in GAERS. We also show that neocortical PPD is preserved in thalamocortical slices of NER, but that its efficacy is strongly decreased in GAERS. Moreover, a NMDA antagonist strongly reduced the PPD in NER but had no effect in GAERS. Cortical responses to white matter stimulation were not modified by quinidine or carbenoxolone in coronal slices of Wistar rats. PPD was recorded in these slices and was decreased by carbenoxolone but not by quinidine. We hypothesize that the decrease of PPD observed in GAERS might be due to a decrease in function of (1) NMDA receptors and/or (2) astrocytic GJ's. | [
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10979425 | [Aortopexy for tracheomalacia in infants and children]. | During the past 12 years (1985-1998), 28 infants and children were operated on here for tracheomalacia. The diagnosis was made in all using rigid bronchoscopy. During the examination the infants breathed spontaneously, but the trachea collapsed on forced expiration. Indications for surgery were repeated cyanotic spells ("dying spells") in 22, recurrent pneumonia, and inability to extubate (in 8). In 11 there were more than 1 indications. Age at surgery was from 7 days to 3 years (average 11.7 months). All 28 children underwent bronchoscopy and guided aortopexy via a left-third intercostal approach. The ascending aorta and aortic arch (and in 6 the proximal innominate artery as well) were lifted anteriorly, using 3-5 non-absorbable sutures (5.0). The sutures were placed through the adventitia of the great vessels and then passed through the sternum. Respiratory distress was significantly improved in 21. Another 2 required external tracheal stenting with autologous rib grafts, and in 1 other an internal Palmaz stent was introduced for tracheal stability. In 4 aortopexy failed, 1 of whom had tracheobronchomalacia throughout, and another 3 had laryngomalacia which required tracheostomy to relieve the respiratory symptoms. Postoperative complications were minor: pericardial effusion in 1 and relaxation of the left diaphragm in another. 1 infant subsequently died, of unknown cause 10 days after operation, after having been extubated on the 1st postoperative day. On long-term follow-up (6 months to 12 years) 25 were found free of residual respiratory symptoms and 3 remained with a tracheostomy. Thus, infants and children with severe tracheomalacia associated with severe respiratory symptoms, can be relieved by bronchoscopic guided suspension of the aortic arch to the sternum. | [
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105,
3,
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229,
15126,
598,
11943
] | [
"Aorta, Thoracic",
"Child, Preschool",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Laryngeal Cartilages",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Tracheal Diseases"
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8958 | Effects of chlorthalidone on serum and total body potassium in hypertensive patients. | Total body potassium has been estimated in 26 hypertensive patients who were hypokalaemic as a result of long-term chlorthalidone treatment (mean 20.5 months), while they were on chlorthalidone and 4 weeks after this had been discontinued. The mean difference amounted to only 95 mEq (not significant). In 6 additional patients not previously treated with chlorthalidone, serial total body potassium estimations revealed a mean potassium deficiency of 245 mEq after 33 days and of 106 mEq after 100 days. These results suggest that the mechanism causing the initial potassium loss is partly reversed or compensated later on. In patients with uncomplicated hypertension, no significant potassium deficiency was detected during long-term treatment. Eighteen of our patients received 39 mEq potassium chloride supplements daily for 4 weeks; this caused a mean rise in serum potassium from 3.23 mEq/l to 3.38 mEq/l (not significant). Total body potassium did not change at all. We conclude that potassium chloride supplements are not an effective treatment of hypokalaemia in this condition. Correction of the extracellular pH by ammonium chloride in 6 patients on chlorthalidone, who demonstrated a slight metabolic alkalosis, gave rise to a mean increase in plasma potassium from 2.78 mEq/l to 2.96 mEq/l (not significant). The hypokalaemia in hypertensive patients on long-term chlorthalidone treatment cannot be explained by either a potassium deficiency or the change in extracellular pH. | [
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21907826 | Statistical process control for validating a classification tree model for predicting mortality--a novel approach towards temporal validation. | Prediction models are postulated as useful tools to support tasks such as clinical decision making and benchmarking. In particular, classification tree models have enjoyed much interest in the Biomedical Informatics literature. However, their prospective predictive performance over the course of time has not been investigated. In this paper we suggest and apply statistical process control methods to monitor over more than 5 years the prospective predictive performance of TM80+, one of the few classification-tree models published in the clinical literature. TM80+ is a model for predicting mortality among very elderly patients in the intensive care based on a multi-center dataset. We also inspect the predictive performance at the tree's leaves. This study provides important insights into patterns of (in)stability of the tree's performance and its "shelf life". The study underlies the importance of continuous validation of prognostic models over time using statistical tools and the timely recalibration of tree models. | [
133,
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2,
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35,
2614,
2040,
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25681298 | Treatment Patterns and Health Resource Utilization Among Patients Diagnosed With Early Stage Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer at US Community Oncology Practices. | UNLABELLED: Data on adjuvant therapy in resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in routine practice are lacking in the United States. This retrospective observational database study included 609 community oncology patients with resected stage IB to IIIA NSCLC. Use of adjuvant therapy was 39.1% at disease stage IB and 64.9% to 68.2% at stage II to IIIA. The most common regimen at all stages was carboplatin and paclitaxel.BACKGROUND: Platin-based adjuvant chemotherapy has extended survival in clinical trials in patients with completely resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). There are few data on the use of adjuvant therapy in community-based clinical practice in the United States.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study using electronic medical record and billing data collected during routine care at US community oncology sites in the Vector Oncology Data Warehouse between January 2007 and January 2014. Patients aged ? 18 years with a primary diagnosis of stage IB to IIIA NSCLC were eligible if they had undergone surgical resection. Treatment patterns, health care resource use, and cost were recorded, stratified by stage at diagnosis.RESULTS: The study included 609 patients (mean age, 64.8 years, 52.9% male), of whom 215 had stage IB disease, 130 stage IIA/II, 110 stage IIB, and 154 stage IIIA. Adjuvant systemic therapy after resection was provided to 345 (56.7%) of 609 patients, with lower use in patients with stage IB disease (39.1%) than stage II to IIIA disease (64.9-68.2%) (P < .0001). The most common adjuvant regimen at all stages was the combination of carboplatin and paclitaxel. There were no statistically significant differences in office visits or incidence of hospitalization by disease stage. During adjuvant treatment, the total monthly median cost per patient was $17,389.75 (interquartile range, $8,815.61 to $23,360.85).CONCLUSION: Adjuvant systemic therapy was used in some patients with stage IB NSCLC and in the majority of patients with stage IIA to IIIA disease. There were few differences in regimen or health care resource use by disease stage. | [
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"Combined Modality Therapy",
"Community Health Centers",
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2870813 | Retention of a functional resact receptor in isolated sperm plasma membranes. | Resact, a peptide obtained from eggs, causes a change in the Mr, and a loss of 32P from a plasma membrane protein identified as guanylate cyclase. Here, a resact analog (125I-[Tyr1, Ser8] resact) was synthesized and shown to bind to isolated sperm membranes. Resact, but not speract, competed with the radiolabeled ligand for binding. When membranes were prepared under appropriate conditions, guanylate cyclase remained at Mr 160,000; the incubation of membranes with gamma-32P-ATP resulted in the formation of 32P-labeled guanylate cyclase. The addition of resact to the membranes caused a shift in the Mr, a complete loss of 32P, and a 70% reduction in guanylate cyclase activity within 1 min; resact had an ED 50 at 100 nM concentration. Speract failed to cause any of these effects. This represents the first demonstration of receptor-mediated responses of isolated sperm membranes identical to those seen in the intact cell. | [
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] | [
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"Cell Membrane",
"Chemotaxis",
"Cyclic GMP",
"Egg Proteins",
"Guanylate Cyclase",
"Male",
"Membrane Proteins",
"Molecular Weight",
"Oligopeptides",
"Peptides",
"Phosphorylation",
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19126257 | Information technology capacities assessment tool in hospitals: instrument development and validation. | OBJECTIVES: This research integrates existing literature on information technology (IT) in hospitals, and proposes and validates a comprehensive IT capacities assessment tool in these settings.METHODS: A comprehensive literature review was conducted on Medline until September 2006 to identify studies that used specific IT measures in hospitals. The results were mapped and used as a basis for the development of the proposed instrument, which was tested through a survey of Canadian healthcare organizations (N = 221).RESULTS: A total of seventeen studies provided indicators of clinical and administrative IT capacities in hospitals. Based on the mapping of these indicators, a comprehensive IT capacities assessment instrument was developed including thirty-four items exploring computerized processes, thirteen items assessing contemporary technologies, and eleven items investigating internal and external information sharing. A time frame was inserted in the tool to reflect "plans for" versus "current" implementation of IT; in the latter, the extent of current use of computerized processes and technologies was measured on a (1-7) scale. Overall, the survey yielded a total of 106 responses (52.2 percent response rate), and the results demonstrated a good level of reliability and validity of the instrument.CONCLUSIONS: This study unifies existing work in this area, and presents the psychometric properties of an IT capacities assessment tool in hospitals. By developing scores for capturing IT capacities in hospitals, it is possible to further address important research questions related to the determinants and impacts of IT sophistication in these settings. | [
3143,
3590,
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3,
4459,
4460,
97,
5451,
5704
] | [
"Canada",
"Health Care Surveys",
"Hospital Information Systems",
"Humans",
"Ontario",
"Quebec",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Systems Integration",
"Technology Assessment, Biomedical"
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27956013 | Determination of buildup and dilution of wastewater effluent in shellfish growing waters through a modified application of super-position. | Since 1925, dilution analysis has been used to minimize pathogenic impacts to bivalve molluscan shellfish growing areas from treated wastewater effluent in the National Shellfish Sanitation Program (NSSP). For over twenty five years, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recommended a minimum of 1000:1 dilution of effluent within prohibited closure zones established around wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharges. During May 2010, using recent technologies, a hydrographic dye study was conducted in conjunction with a pathogen bioaccumulation study in shellfish adjacent to a WWTP discharge in Yarmouth, ME. For the first time an improved method of the super-position principle was used to determine the buildup of dye tagged sewage effluent and steady state dilution in tidal waters. Results of the improved method of dilution analysis illustrate an economical, reliable and more accurate and manageable approach for estimating the buildup and steady state pollutant conditions in coastal and estuarine waters. | [
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8203266 | Differential alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in a gastric epithelioid leiomyosarcoma in a 14 year old girl. | Leiomyosarcoma in childhood is very rare. This report describes the immunohistochemical study of a gastric epithelioid leiomyosarcoma in a 14 year old girl. Microscopically, the tumor showed two distinct histological patterns within the same tumor: small epithelioid cells forming a lobular pattern and spindle-shaped cells forming interlacing fascicles, but no distinct border divided the two types of cells. Immunohistochemically, vimentin was positive in all tumor cells; alpha-smooth muscle actin, however, was negative in small epithelioid cells and positive in spindle-shaped cells. The data revealed that the tumor had components showing two stages of morphological and biochemical differentiation. This case indicates that leiomyosarcomas might lose smooth muscle actin during malignant transformation; or, alternatively, they might arise from a primitive type of smooth muscle cell and some of them could spontaneously differentiate into mature smooth muscle cells, expressing this actin. | [
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"Female",
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29357212 | Case Report of Metronidazole-Induced Encephalopathy. | This report describes the case of an 83-year-old woman who was admitted to a hospitalist service with weakness and falls. She was transferred from an outside facility where she was treated with 3 courses of metronidazole for diagnosed Clostridium difficile colitis and presumed reoccurrences. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated T2 enhancement of the dorsal pons and dentate nuclei consistent with metronidazole-induced encephalopathy. Her metronidazole was stopped and her symptoms resolved. This condition is rare, poorly understood, and causes reversible changes in the brain that are detectable through T2-weighted MRI. It will need ongoing study with current widespread use of metronidazole. | [
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12380527 | [Use of transcranial micropolarization in the treatment of tension headaches]. | The study was made of effectiveness of transcranial micropolarization (TSMP) in the treatment of tension headache (TH). A course of TSMP was conducted in 33 TH patients. TSMP has relieved TH, anxiety, depression. Neither side effects nor complications occurred. | [
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"Electroencephalography",
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26420025 | Polyol-enhanced dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography and nitrogen phosphorous detection for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides from aqueous samples, fruit juices, and vegetables. | Polyol-enhanced dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction has been proposed for the extraction and preconcentration of some organophosphorus pesticides from different samples. In the present study, a high volume of an aqueous phase containing a polyol (sorbitol) is prepared and then a disperser solvent along with an extraction solvent is rapidly injected into it. Sorbitol showed the best results and it was more effective on the extraction recoveries of the analytes than inorganic salts such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and sodium sulfate. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the method showed low limits of detection and quantification within the ranges of 12-56 and 44-162 pg/mL, respectively. Enrichment factors and extraction recoveries were in the ranges of 2799-3033 and 84-92%, respectively. The method precision was evaluated at a concentration of 10 ng/mL of each analyte, and relative standard deviations were found to be less than 5.9% for intraday (n = 6) and less than 7.8% for interday (n = 4). Finally, some aqueous samples were successfully analyzed using the proposed method and four analytes (diazinon, dimethoate, chlorpyrifos, and phosalone) were determined, some of them at ng/mL level. | [
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23238531 | Seasonal variation, weather and behavior in day-care children: a multilevel approach. | This study analyzes the effect of weather variables, such as solar radiation, indoor and outdoor air temperature, relative humidity and time spent outdoor, on the behavior of 2-year-old children and their affects across different seasons: winter, spring and summer. Participants were a group of 61 children (33 males and 28 females) attending four day-care centers in Florence (Central Italy). Mean age of children at the beginning of the study was 24.1 months (SD = 3.6). We used multilevel linear analyses to account for the hierarchical structure of our data. The study analyzed the following behavioral variables: Activity Level, Attentional Focusing, Frustration, and Aggression. Results showed a different impact of some weather variables on children's behavior across seasons, indicating that the weather variable that affects children's behavior is usually the one that shows extreme values during the studied seasons, such as air temperature and relative humidity in winter and summer. Studying children and their reactions to weather conditions could have potentially wide-reaching implications for parenting and teaching practices, as well as for researchers studying social relationships development. | [
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19136026 | The impact of single and dual hydrothermal modifications on the molecular structure and physicochemical properties of normal corn starch. | Effect of single and dual hydrothermal modifications with annealing (ANN) and heat-moisture treatment (HMT) on molecular structure and physicochemical properties of corn starch was investigated. Normal corn starch was modified by ANN at 70% moisture at 50 degrees C for 24h and HMT at 30% moisture at 120 degrees C for 24h as well as by the combination of ANN and HMT. The apparent amylose content and swelling factor (SF) decreased on ANN and HMT, but amylose leaching (AML) increased. These changes were more pronounced on dual modification. The crystallinity (determined by X-ray diffraction), the gelatinization enthalpy (determined by differential scanning calorimetry) and ratio of 1047 cm(-1)/1022 cm(-1) (determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) slightly increased on ANN and decreased on HMT. The ANN and subsequent HMT (ANN-HMT) resulted in the lowest crystallinity, gelatinization enthalpy and ratio of 1047 cm(-1)/1022 cm(-1). The gelatinization temperature range decreased on ANN but increased on HMT. However, the gelatinization range of dually modified starches (ANN-HMT and HMT-ANN) was between ANN starch and HMT starch. Birefringence remained unchanged on ANN but slightly decreased on HMT as well as dual modification. Average chain length and amount of longer branch chains (DP> or =37) remained almost unchanged on ANN but decreased on HMT and dual modifications (ANN-HMT and HMT-ANN). HMT and dual modifications resulted in highly reduced pasting viscosity. ANN and HMT as well as dual modifications increased RDS content and decreased SDS and RS content. | [
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3490962 | Placental secretion of androgens in the rat. | In contrast to the human placenta, which does not secrete androgens, the rat placenta synthesizes significant amounts of these steroids. The purpose of this study was to determine why the rat placenta does not secrete androgens before day 12 of pregnancy, to ascertain whether the rat placenta secretes more androstenedione than testosterone, to compare the capacity of luteal and placental tissue to secrete androgen, and to determine whether the rat placental produces androstenedione via the delta 4- or delta 5-steroidogenic pathway. To determine whether the inability of the rat placenta to produce androstenedione before midpregnancy was due to the absence of active 17 alpha-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase enzymes and also to investigate the ontogeny of both placental production of androstenedione and enzyme activities, placentas were isolated from rats between days 8-21 of pregnancy and either incubated or used to determine the activities of 17 alpha-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase. Before day 11, enzyme activity was not detectable. From day 11, both enzyme activities and placental secretion of androstenedione steadily increased to peak values by day 18 and declined just before parturition. To investigate the principal aromatizable androgen secreted both in vivo and in vitro approaches were used. Levels of androstenedione and testosterone found in the uterine vein as well as those produced by placental tissue were determined. Rat placentas secreted markedly more androstenedione than testosterone, both in vivo and in vitro. When placental and luteal secretion of androstenedione and testosterone were compared, it was found that luteal tissue had a higher capacity for androgen synthesis than did the placenta. Yet, because of its greater mass, each placenta secreted 15 times more androstenedione and 4.5 times more testosterone than each corpus luteum. To determine the preferential usage of progesterone or pregnenolone as substrate by the placenta, [14C] progesterone and [3H]pregnenolone were added in equimolar concentrations. The resulting 14C to 3H ratio of the androgen produced indicates that the preferred substrate is progesterone. In summary, results of this investigation describe, for the first time, the development of 17 alpha-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities in the rat placenta and demonstrate that the placenta does not produce androgen before day 11 due to the absence of active enzymes. The results further demonstrate that the rat placenta secretes significantly more androstenedione that testosterone both in vivo and in vitro, produces more androgen than the corpus luteum because of its greater mass, and forms its androgen primarily via the delta 4-st | [
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24686174 | E3 ubiquitin ligase HOIP attenuates apoptotic cell death induced by cisplatin. | The genotoxin cisplatin is commonly used in chemotherapy to treat solid tumors, yet our understanding of the mechanism underlying the drug response is limited. In a focused siRNA screen, using an siRNA library targeting genes involved in ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like signaling, we identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase HOIP as a key regulator of cisplatin-induced genotoxicity. HOIP forms, with SHARPIN and HOIL-1L, the linear ubiquitin assembly complex (LUBAC). We show that cells deficient in the HOIP ligase complex exhibit hypersensitivity to cisplatin. This is due to a dramatic increase in caspase-8/caspase-3-mediated apoptosis that is strictly dependent on ATM-, but not ATR-mediated DNA damage checkpoint activation. Moreover, basal and cisplatin-induced activity of the stress response kinase JNK is enhanced in HOIP-depleted cells and, conversely, JNK inhibition can increase cellular resistance to cisplatin and reverse the apoptotic hyperactivation in HOIP-depleted cells. Furthermore, we show that HOIP depletion sensitizes cancer cells, derived from carcinomas of various origins, through an enhanced apoptotic cell death response. We also provide evidence that ovarian cancer cells classified as cisplatin-resistant can regain sensitivity following HOIP downregulation. Cumulatively, our study identifies a HOIP-regulated antiapoptotic signaling pathway, and we envisage HOIP as a potential target for the development of combinatorial chemotherapies to potentiate the efficacy of platinum-based anticancer drugs. | [
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20722723 | Heterogeneity of the supramammillary-hippocampal pathways: evidence for a unique GABAergic neurotransmitter phenotype and regional differences. | The supramammillary nucleus (SuM) provides substantial projections to the hippocampal formation. This hypothalamic structure is involved in the regulation of hippocampal theta rhythm and therefore the control of hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions as well as emotional behavior. A major goal of this study was to characterize the neurotransmitter identity of the SuM-hippocampal pathways. Our findings demonstrate two distinct neurochemical pathways in rat. The first pathway originates from neurons in the lateral region of the SuM and innervates the supragranular layer of the dorsal dentate gyrus and, to a much lesser extent, the ventral dentate gyrus. This pathway displays a unique dual phenotype for GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission. Axon terminals contain markers of GABAergic neurotransmission, including the synthesizing enzyme of GABA, glutamate decarboxylase 65, and the vesicular GABA transporter and also a marker of glutamatergic neurotransmission, the vesicular glutamate transporter 2. The second pathway originates from neurons in the most posterior and medial part of the SuM and innervates exclusively the inner molecular layer of the ventral dentate gyrus and the CA2/CA3a pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus. The axon terminals from the medial part of the SuM contain the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 only. These data demonstrate for the first time the heterogeneity of the SuM-hippocampal pathways, not only from an anatomical but also a neurochemical point of view. These pathways, implicated in different neuronal networks, could modulate different hippocampal activities. They are likely to be involved differently in the regulation of hippocampal theta rhythm and associated cognitive functions as well as emotional behavior. | [
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22258285 | Unilateral hyperplasia of lamina and spinous process of C6 vertebra: case report. | We report a 20-year-old male patient who was admitted to our emergency clinic after a traffic accident and who suffered from neck pain. Radiographic examination of the cervical spine showed hypertrophy of the left lamina and hypertrophy and elongation of the left spinous process of the sixth cervical vertebra (C6). A computed tomography scan revealed the associated schisis of the spinous process at the same level. Magnetic resonance imaging scan demonstrated no abnormality of the neural elements. The patient underwent a surgical operation due to persistent neck pain and the local aesthetic abnormality. | [
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"Humans",
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31622255 | Add-on grade-ranking scale for assessing thrombotic risk in patients with ischemic heart disease and percutaneous coronary angioplasty. | OBJECTIVE: Introduction: The anticipation of the development of thrombotic complications in coronary angioplasty patients helps to prevent this dangerous complication. Development of the available informative scales on the basis of mathematical methods taking into account the main clinical and biochemical parameters significantly simplifies the classification of patients in terms of thrombotic risk. The aim of the paper is to concentrate information on the state of hemostasis in the studied category of patients using the method of the main components and to obtain a matrix with minimal loss of information, which is convenient for analysis and the creation of a grade-ranking scale.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Data of 70 patients with coronary heart disease and percutaneous coronary angioplasty were analyzed. The level of soluble fibrin, fibrinogen, D-dimer, protein C, and ratios rf/dd?100 were determined, and also the presence of diabetes mellitus and restenosis in the history was considered.RESULTS: Results: As a result of a stepwise study using the method of the main components, in the first stage two most singular matrices were obtained that describe 70% of the entire data variance (one of them is the component rf+dd, and the second one is fg+pc), which led to the first indicator of the level of thrombotic risk. At the second stage, the level of thrombotic risk was clarified, taking into consideration the presence of diabetes and history of restenosis, and it is recommended to use a second indicator for its determination (rf/dd?100).CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The presented grade-ranking scale scale allows the anticipation of the development of thrombotic complications in the studied category of patients with high probability. | [
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"Coronary Disease",
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19651142 | Structural and functional diversity of novel coronin 1C (CRN2) isoforms in muscle. | Coronin 1C (synonyms: coronin-3, CRN2), a WD40 repeat-containing protein involved in cellular actin dynamics, is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues. Here, we report on the identification and functional characterization of two novel coronin 1C isoforms, referred to as CRN2i2 and CRN2i3, which also associate with F-actin. Analyses of the coronin 1C gene disclosed a single promoter containing binding sites for myogenic regulatory factors and an alternative first exon 1b present in intron 1, which give rise to the novel isoforms. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies demonstrate MyoD binding to a region of the CRN2 gene, which contains a highly conserved E-box element in exon 1a. Gel-filtration assays suggest that the largest isoform 3 exists as a monomer, in contrast to isoform 1 and isoform 2 appearing as trimers. CRN2i3, which can be induced by MyoD, is exclusively expressed in well-differentiated myoblasts as well as in mature skeletal muscle tissue. In human skeletal muscle, CRN2i3 is a novel component of postsynaptic neuromuscular junctions and thin filaments of myofibrils. Together, our findings postulate a role for CRN2 isoforms in the structural and functional organization of F-actin in highly ordered protein complexes. | [
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22163844 | Applying Rprop neural network for the prediction of the mobile station location. | Wireless location is the function used to determine the mobile station (MS) location in a wireless cellular communications system. When it is very hard for the surrounding base stations (BSs) to detect a MS or the measurements contain large errors in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments, then one need to integrate all available heterogeneous measurements to increase the location accuracy. In this paper we propose a novel algorithm that combines both time of arrival (TOA) and angle of arrival (AOA) measurements to estimate the MS in NLOS environments. The proposed algorithm utilizes the intersections of two circles and two lines, based on the most resilient back-propagation (Rprop) neural network learning technique, to give location estimation of the MS. The traditional Taylor series algorithm (TSA) and the hybrid lines of position algorithm (HLOP) have convergence problems, and even if the measurements are fairly accurate, the performance of these algorithms depends highly on the relative position of the MS and BSs. Different NLOS models were used to evaluate the proposed methods. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms can not only preserve the convergence solution, but obtain precise location estimations, even in severe NLOS conditions, particularly when the geometric relationship of the BSs relative to the MS is poor. | [
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805206 | Evidence for the involvement of the Ss protein of the mouse in the hemolytic complement system. | A significant within-strain correlation has been demonstrated between the levels of Ss and hemolytic complement (C) activity in two Ss-high strains. Mouse serum specifically depleted of Ss by absorption with F(ab')2 fragments of anti-Ss had negligible C activity. In control experiments, Ss-specific antigen-antibody complexes formed with F(ab')2 fragments did not fix rabbit C, and bovine serum albumin-specific antigen-antibody complexes formed with F(ab')2 fragments did not fix mouse C. Therefore the removal of C activity by anti-Ss [F(ab')2] was apparently not due to C fixation. These results suggest that the Ss protein is a necessary component of the C system. | [
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23192547 | Data mining in the MetaCyc family of pathway databases. | Pathway databases collect the bioreactions and molecular interactions that define the processes of life. The MetaCyc family of pathway databases consists of thousands of databases that were derived through computational inference of metabolic pathways from the MetaCyc pathway/genome database (PGDB). In some cases, these DBs underwent subsequent manual curation. Curated pathway DBs are now available for most of the major model organisms. Databases in the MetaCyc family are managed using the Pathway Tools software. This chapter presents methods for performing data mining on the MetaCyc family of pathway DBs. We discuss the major data access mechanisms for the family, which include data files in multiple formats; application programming interfaces (APIs) for the Lisp, Java, and Perl languages; and web services. We present an overview of the Pathway Tools schema, an understanding of which is needed to query the DBs. The chapter also presents several interactive data mining tools within Pathway Tools for performing omics data analysis. | [
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1549,
3371,
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"Animals",
"Arabidopsis",
"Computational Biology",
"Data Mining",
"Databases, Genetic",
"Escherichia coli",
"Gene Expression",
"Gene Regulatory Networks",
"Genome, Bacterial",
"Genome, Fungal",
"Genome, Human",
"Genome, Plant",
"Humans",
"Internet",
"Metabolic Networks and Pathways",
"... | {
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23160439 | Perceived suprathreshold depth under conditions that elevate the stereothreshold. | PURPOSE: Previous studies considered the possibility that individuals with impaired stereoacuity can be identified by estimating the perceived depth of a target with a suprathreshold retinal image disparity. These studies showed that perceived suprathreshold depth is reduced when the image presented to one eye is blurred, but they did not address whether a similar reduction of perceived depth occurs when the stereothreshold is elevated using other manipulations.METHODS: Stereothresholds were measured in six adult observers for a pair of bright 1-degree vertical lines during normal viewing and under five conditions that elevated the stereothreshold: monocular dioptric blur, monocular glare, binocular luminance reduction, monocular luminance reduction, and imposed disjunctive image motion. The observers subsequently matched the perceived depth of degraded targets presented with crossed or uncrossed disparities corresponding to two, four, and six times the elevated stereothreshold for each stimulus condition.RESULTS: The image manipulations used elevated the stereothreshold by a factor of 3.7 to 5.5 times. For targets with suprathreshold disparities, monocular blur, monocular luminance reduction, and disjunctive image motion resulted in a significant decrease in perceived depth. However, the magnitude of perceived suprathreshold depth was unaffected when monocular glare was introduced or the binocular luminance of the stereotargets was reduced.CONCLUSIONS: Not all conditions that increase the stereothreshold reduce the perceived depth of targets with suprathreshold disparities. Observers who have poor stereopsis therefore may or may not exhibit an associated reduction of perceived suprathreshold depth. | [
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2,
3,
35,
160,
1081,
11195,
9684,
999,
27
] | [
"Adult",
"Depth Perception",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Sensory Thresholds",
"Vision Disparity",
"Vision, Binocular",
"Visual Acuity",
"Young Adult"
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16708424 | Ultraviolet radiation increases the toxicity of pyrene, 1-aminopyrene and 1-hydroxypyrene to human keratinocytes. | Over the past several years, a great deal of interest has been focused on the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation to human skin. UV light has been implicated in aging, sunburn and skin cancer. Few studies, however, have been done to determine the effects that UV light, in conjunction with other environmental contaminants, may have on human skin. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of compounds that have been reported to be toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic to many eukaryotic organisms. UV light is also known to increase the toxicity of PAHs through photo-activation and photo-modification. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of UV-A irradiated pyrene (Pyr), 1-aminopyrene (1-AP) and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HP) on human keratinocytes, the skin primary site of UV irradiated PAH exposure. Our findings indicate that simultaneous treatment of human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT, with 1.0 microg/ml pyrene, 1-AP or 1-HP and 3.9 J/cm2/min UV-A light resulted in significant inhibition of cell proliferation. Approximately 100% of the cells died in the case of UV-A irradiated 1-AP and 1-HP. In the case of UV-A irradiated pyrene, more than 70% of the cells died, indicating that UV-A is able to transform these PAHs into more harmful intermediates. | [
657,
72,
3,
4560,
11833,
6602,
2383
] | [
"Cell Line",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Humans",
"Keratinocytes",
"Pyrenes",
"Thymidine",
"Ultraviolet Rays"
] | {
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} |
26395549 | Dietary Oily Fish Intake and Blood Pressure Levels: A Population-Based Study. | The effect of fish consumption on blood pressure is controversial. The authors measured blood pressure and calculated oily fish servings per week in 677 community-dwellers aged 40 years and older living in rural coastal Ecuador. Using regression models with linear splines, the authors evaluated whether dietary fish intake was related to blood pressure levels, after adjusting for relevant confounders. Mean oily fish consumption was 9.1±5.6 servings per week. There was a nonlinear relationship between systolic pressure and fish servings. In the group of individuals consuming up to five servings per week, each serving significantly reduced systolic pressure by 2.3 mm Hg (P=.020). Any extra serving provided no further effects. The study shows an inverse relationship between oily fish consumption and systolic pressure. Currently recommended amounts of dietary oily fish intake per week (1-2 servings) might be insufficient to exert beneficial effects of fish in the control of blood pressure. | [
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1312,
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160,
1272,
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1889,
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] | [
"Adult",
"Blood Pressure",
"Blood Pressure Determination",
"Dietary Fats, Unsaturated",
"Ecuador",
"Female",
"Fish Oils",
"Humans",
"Hypertension",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Population Surveillance",
"Prevalence",
"Risk Assessment",
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30700385 | Thyrotoxicosis: an unusual cause of syncope. | Syncope is a common emergency department (ED) chief complaint, with many known but also unknown causes. Here we present a novel ED presentation of a young woman with new-onset hyperthyroidism that masqueraded as a syncopal event with head trauma. A 21-year-old woman arrived in the ED with head trauma as the result of seemingly unprovoked syncope, due to her history as well as the nature of her trauma. Persistent tachycardia during her ED course after an unremarkable full trauma evaluation prompted ordering of additional lab testing, which revealed evidence of thyrotoxicosis. Here we consider the possibility of thyroid dysfunction resulting in syncope. | [
8555,
7852,
207,
731,
2,
3,
15086,
10850,
12501,
9861,
18325,
27
] | [
"Antithyroid Agents",
"Craniocerebral Trauma",
"Diagnosis, Differential",
"Electrocardiography",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Methimazole",
"Syncope",
"Tachycardia",
"Thyroid Function Tests",
"Thyrotoxicosis",
"Young Adult"
] | {
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2029246 | Vaccination of turkeys with cell-free culture filtrate of Pasteurella multocida. | Turkeys given cell-free culture filtrate (CCF) of Pasteurella multocida strain R44/6 orally, via air sacs, or subcutaneously mixed 1:1 with incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) at 6 and 9.5 weeks of age were compared with negative controls given bacteriologic medium and positive controls vaccinated with a commercial bacterin. At 13 weeks of age, serum antibody titers to P. multocida were detectable only in turkeys given CCF in IFA (low titers) and positive control turkeys (high titers), at which time turkeys were challenged orally with either the homologous strain or strain P-1059. Protection against challenge with strain R44/6 was provided by the commercial bacterin, CCF in IFA, and CCF given via air sacs. When turkeys were challenged with strain P-1059, protection was superior in turkeys given CCF via air sacs, intermediate in turkeys given commercial bacterin or CCF in IFA, and absent in negative control turkeys and turkeys given CCF orally. These results indicate CCF is an effective immunogen when administered via the lower respiratory tract for protecting turkeys against pasteurellosis. | [
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] | [
"Administration, Oral",
"Air Sacs",
"Animals",
"Antibodies, Bacterial",
"Bacterial Vaccines",
"Body Weight",
"Female",
"Injections, Subcutaneous",
"Male",
"Pasteurella",
"Pasteurella Infections",
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24976172 | Bacterial sugar utilization gives rise to distinct single-cell behaviours. | Inducible utilization pathways reflect widespread microbial strategies to uptake and consume sugars from the environment. Despite their broad importance and extensive characterization, little is known how these pathways naturally respond to their inducing sugar in individual cells. Here, we performed single-cell analyses to probe the behaviour of representative pathways in the model bacterium Escherichia coli. We observed diverse single-cell behaviours, including uniform responses (d-lactose, d-galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylneuraminic acid), 'all-or-none' responses (d-xylose, l-rhamnose) and complex combinations thereof (l-arabinose, d-gluconate). Mathematical modelling and probing of genetically modified pathways revealed that the simple framework underlying these pathways - inducible transport and inducible catabolism - could give rise to most of these behaviours. Sugar catabolism was also an important feature, as disruption of catabolism eliminated tunable induction as well as enhanced memory of previous conditions. For instance, disruption of catabolism in pathways that respond to endogenously synthesized sugars led to full pathway induction even in the absence of exogenous sugar. Our findings demonstrate the remarkable flexibility of this simple biological framework, with direct implications for environmental adaptation and the engineering of synthetic utilization pathways as titratable expression systems and for metabolic engineering. | [
6469,
352,
1279,
7699,
1542,
9202
] | [
"Carbohydrate Metabolism",
"Escherichia coli",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial",
"Metabolic Networks and Pathways",
"Models, Biological",
"Single-Cell Analysis"
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12734819 | Fiber-enriched double-setting calcium phosphate bone cement. | Calcium phosphate bone cements are useful in orthopedics and traumatology, their main advantages being their biocompatibility and bioactivity, which render bone tissue osteoconductive, providing in situ hardening and easy handling. However, their low mechanical strength, which, in the best of cases, is equal to the trabecular bone, and their very low toughness are disadvantages. Calcium phosphate cement compositions with mechanical properties more closely resembling those of human bone would broaden the range of applications, which is currently limited to sites subjected to low loads. This study investigated the influence of added polypropylene, nylon, and carbon fibers on the mechanical properties of double setting alpha-tricalcium phosphate-based cement, using calcium phosphate cement added to an in situ polymerizable acrylamide-based system recently developed by the authors. Although the addition of fibers was found to reduce the compression strength of the double-setting calcium phosphate cement because of increased porosity, it strongly increased the cement's toughness (J(IC)) and tensile strength. The composites developed in this work, therefore, have a potential application in shapes subjected to flexure. | [
48,
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3518,
52,
58,
1155,
10876,
7466,
3406
] | [
"Biocompatible Materials",
"Body Fluids",
"Bone Cements",
"Calcium Phosphates",
"Carbon",
"Compressive Strength",
"Materials Testing",
"Microscopy, Electron, Scanning",
"Nylons",
"Polypropylenes",
"Tensile Strength"
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614533 | The fine structure of intra-erythrocytic stages of Babesia bigemina. | The electron microscope was used to study the structure of merozoites, merozoites in the process of transformation to trophozoites, trophozoites, and the method of multiplication of B. bigemina. The merozoites were piriform in shape and surrounded by 3 peripheral membranes of which the 2 inner ones often appeared as a single thick osmiophilic structure (inner membrane). Anterior and posterior polar rings, microtubules, micronemes, rhoptries and mitochondria with and without tubular cristae were discernible. A single large unidentified spherical body was present in most of the mature merozoites. After penetration of an erythrocyte, merozoites developed into trophozoites through a transformation process which involved the loss of the inner membrane of the pellicle, rhoptries, most of the micronemes and the spherical body. The trophozoites were surrounded by a single membrane, were pleomorphic in shape and contained large inclusions of host cell cytoplasm, but no cytostomes or food vacuoles could be identified. Reproduction took place through a process resembling schizogony resulting in the production of 2 merozoites, the cytoplasmic constituents of the original trophozoite (mother cell) being virtually entirely incorporated into the daughter cells in the process. None of the parasites were contained in parasitophorous vacuoles. | [
30,
4065,
9894,
424,
2174,
227,
35,
286
] | [
"Animals",
"Babesia",
"Babesiosis",
"Cattle",
"Cattle Diseases",
"Erythrocytes",
"Male",
"Microscopy, Electron"
] | {
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23189193 | A proteomic analysis of seed development in Brassica campestri L. | To gain insights into the protein dynamics during seed development, a proteomic study on the developing Brassica campestri L. seeds with embryos in different embryogenesis stages was carried out. The seed proteins at 10, 16, 20, 25 and 35 DAP (days after pollination), respectively, were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identities of 209 spots with altered abundance were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS). These proteins were classified into 16 groups according to their functions. The most abundant proteins were related to primary metabolism, indicating the heavy demand of materials for rapid embryo growth. Besides, the high amount of proteins involved in protein processing and destination indicated importance of protein renewal during seed development. The remaining were those participated in oxidation/detoxification, energy, defense, transcription, protein synthesis, transporter, cell structure, signal transduction, secondary metabolism, transposition, DNA repair, storage and so on. Protein abundance profiles of each functional class were generated and hierarchical cluster analysis established 8 groups of dynamic patterns. Our results revealed novel characters of protein dynamics in seed development in Brassica campestri L. and provided valuable information about the complex process of seed development in plants. | [
9590,
2133,
2731,
3989,
3990,
2621
] | [
"Brassica",
"Cluster Analysis",
"Plant Proteins",
"Proteome",
"Proteomics",
"Seeds"
] | {
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23337664 | A simple framework for assessing technical skills in a resident observed structured clinical examination (OSCE): vaginal laceration repair. | OBJECTIVES: Educators of trainees in procedure-based specialties need focused assessment tools that are valid, objective, and assess technical skills in a realistic context. A framework for hybrid assessment using standardized patient scenarios and bench skills testing might facilitate evaluation of competency.METHODS: Seven PGY-1 obstetrics and gynecology residents participated in a hybrid assessment that used observed structured clinical examination (OSCE) by a standardized patient who had sustained a vaginal laceration during vaginal delivery. The residents elicited a history and counseled the patient, and then completed a laceration repair on a pelvic model. The residents were rated on their performance in the scenario, which included issues of cultural competency, rapport-building, patient counseling. The technical skills were videotaped and rated using a modified global assessment form by 2 faculty members on a 3-point scale from "not done" to "partly done" to "well-done." Residents also completed a subjective assessment of the station.RESULTS: Mean technical performance of the residents on the technical skills was 55% "well-done," with a range of 20%-90%. The assessment identified 3 residents as below the mean, and 1 resident with areas of deficiency. Subjective assessment by the residents was that juggling the technical, cognitive, and affective components of the examination was challenging.CONCLUSIONS: Technical skills can be included in a case-based assessment using scenarios that address a range of cognitive and affective skills required of physicians. Results may help training programs assess individuals' abilities as well as identify program needs for curricular improvement. This framework might be useful in setting standards for competency and identifying poor performers. | [
878,
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1986,
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2,
8418,
3,
6984,
12926,
8980,
4697
] | [
"Clinical Competence",
"Delivery, Obstetric",
"Educational Measurement",
"Episiotomy",
"Female",
"Gynecology",
"Humans",
"Lacerations",
"Manikins",
"Obstetrics",
"Vagina"
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} |
2613250 | Heterogeneity in the biological and cultural determinants of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in five North American populations: the Lipid Research Clinics Family Study. | Heterogeneity in the source of familial resemblance for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in 5 different Lipid Research Clinics (Cincinnati, Iowa, Minnesota, Oklahoma and Stanford) was assessed using a general linear model for cultural and biological inheritance. No evidence of heterogeneity was found in any of the parameters of the model. Under the most parsimonious hypothesis, using data pooled over all clinics, genetic and cultural heritability were both significant and were estimated to be 0.52 +/- 0.04 and 0.09 +/- 0.02, respectively; there was cultural transmission but no maternal effects; marital and nontransmitted sibship environmental resemblance were significant. | [
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319,
2,
219,
896,
3,
35,
1624,
956,
5334,
132
] | [
"Cholesterol, HDL",
"Environment",
"Female",
"Genetic Variation",
"Genetics, Population",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Models, Genetic",
"Phenotype",
"Statistics as Topic",
"United States"
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} |
15585138 | Alcohol-mediated error-prone PCR. | The effect of urea, isopropanol, propan-1-ol, and butan-1-ol on PCR using three different DNA polymerases was investigated. In the presence of these agents, polymerases were active as expected up to a critical concentration where they became progressively inhibited. Critical concentrations of alcohols generally increased with thermoresistance of the polymerases and decreased with the hydrophobicity of the alcohols. These results indicate that an important aspect of the inhibition involved conformational loosening due to a decrease in the hydrophobic effect. A mutagenic effect occurred with Vent(r) (exo-) DNA polymerase in the presence of 7.0 to 8.0% v/v propan-1-ol, affording mutation frequencies of up to 9.8 x 10(-3) mutation/bp/PCR. Under these conditions the preferential replacement of Gs and Cs was observed, in opposition to standard error-prone PCR that favors replacement of As and Ts. Comparison of various PCR conditions indicates that propanol and MnCl2 have different modes of action, and that the decrease in fidelity promoted by propanol is due to a finely tuned partial destabilization of the polymerase. The PCR conditions developed in this study provide a useful alternative for targeting different sequence space for directed evolution experiments. | [
20715,
7084,
439,
17847,
440,
449,
2968
] | [
"1-Propanol",
"2-Propanol",
"Base Sequence",
"Butanols",
"DNA Primers",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Urea"
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23796533 | Fast nonlinear region localisation for nonlinear dielectric spectroscopy of biological suspensions. | The nonlinear properties of biological suspensions have been previously presented as a bulk phenomenon without the influences of the electrodes. However, some authors have showed that the behaviour of a biological suspension is due to the nonlinear characteristics of the electrode-electrolyte interface (EEI), which is modulated by the presence of yeast cells. We have developed a method, complementary to the nonlinear dielectric spectroscopy (NLDS) which is used for the study of the behaviour of EEI with resting cell suspensions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The method allows researchers to detect simply and quickly the voltage and frequency ranges where the metabolic activity of yeasts is detectable. This method does not replace NLDS, and aims to reduce the time during which the electrodes are exposed to corrosion by high voltages. In this paper we applied AC overpotentials (10-630 mV) with frequencies in the range from 1 to 1000 Hz. Also, we measured current harmonic distortion produced by the nonlinearity of the interface. Changes in the transfer function were observed when yeast suspension was used. Apart from the nonlinear response typical of the EEI, we also observed the biological nonlinear behaviour. The changes in the transfer functions were assessed using the overlapping index which was defined in terms of the conditional probability. The methodology was contrasted favourably with Fourier analysis. This novel strategy has the advantages of simplicity, sensitivity, reproducibility and involves basic tools such as the usual measurement of current. | [
17479,
2152,
835,
97,
3371,
131
] | [
"Dielectric Spectroscopy",
"Fourier Analysis",
"Nonlinear Dynamics",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Saccharomyces cerevisiae",
"Time Factors"
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} |
3090717 | An analysis of computed tomographic brain scans. A computer-based study. | A microcomputer was used to analyse prospectively 1,000 sequential computed tomographic (CT) brain scans to assess whether the scanner was being used in a cost-effective and efficient manner. Of the patients scanned 58% had cerebral lesions. All the usual indications for CT examination were shown to be worth while, the exception being psychiatric cases. | [
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14,
229,
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7027,
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"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Brain Diseases",
"Brain Injuries",
"Brain Neoplasms",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Cost-Benefit Analysis",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Male",
"Microcomputers",
"Middle Aged",
"Tomography, X-Ray Computed"
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22927102 | Antifungal compounds from the rhizome and roots of Ferula hermonis. | The antifungal activity of hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and aqueous extracts from the rhizome and root of Ferula hermonis was assayed in vitro by the agar disk diffusion method against a panel of human opportunistic and pathogenic fungi. Among them, the hexane and dichloromethane extracts showed the highest activity particularly against the dermatophytes Microsporum gypseum and Tricophyton mentagrophytes as well as the yeast Candida lactis-condensi. Activity-guided fractionation of both extracts using an agar overlay bioautographic method led to the isolation of two antifungal compounds which were identified as the daucane aryl esters jaeschkeanadiol p-hydroxybenzoate (ferutinin) and jaeschkeanadiol benzoate (teferidin). Determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) values of both compounds evidenced a stronger antifungal activity for ferutinin than for teferidin. Particularly, T. mentagrophytes was the most sensitive strain with MIC and MFC values ranging from 8 to 256 µg/mL. | [
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9131,
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9165,
8350,
12000
] | [
"Antifungal Agents",
"Arthrodermataceae",
"Benzoates",
"Bridged Bicyclo Compounds",
"Candida",
"Cycloheptanes",
"Ferula",
"Microbial Sensitivity Tests",
"Microsporum",
"Plant Extracts",
"Plant Oils",
"Plant Roots",
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19931221 | Characterization of zinc-binding properties of a novel imidase from Pseudomonas putida YZ-26. | The imidase from Pseudomonas putida YZ-26 consisting of 293-amino acid residues is a novel imidase with four subunits as the holo-enzyme and low molecular weight which is significantly different from known mammalian imidase. This study measured the zinc-binding properties of the imidase using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry and competition assay combined with activity determinations. Results show that each subunit of the imidase binds the zinc ion by 1:1 stoichiometry with apparent binding constant of 9.5 x 10(8)M(-1). The activity of the apo-imidase (20 microM) was recovered with the addition of zinc in the lower concentration (0-20 microM), whereas the enzymatic activity is decreased in the presence of high concentration of zinc (above 100 microM). The site-directed mutagenesis of His(247), His(86) or Cys(7), Cys(108) in imidase resulted in loss of activity and zinc-binding abilities at different degrees, showing that these residues may critically affect both enzymatic activity and conformation. | [
6590,
439,
440,
777,
372,
957,
6908,
506,
703
] | [
"Amidohydrolases",
"Base Sequence",
"DNA Primers",
"Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel",
"Protein Binding",
"Protein Conformation",
"Pseudomonas putida",
"Recombinant Proteins",
"Zinc"
] | {
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27061753 | A 21-35 kDa Mixed Protein Component from Helicobacter pylori Activates Mast Cells Effectively in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria. | BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) seem to involve in the etiology of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). But studies of the pathogenic mechanism are very little.METHODS: In this study, we detected the serum-specific anti-H. pylori IgG and IgE antibodies in 211 CSU and 137 normal subjects by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), evaluated the direct activation effects of H. pylori preparations and its protein components on human LAD2 mast cell line in vitro, and analyzed the specific protein ingredients and functions of the most effective H. pylori mixed protein component using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and ELISA assay.RESULTS: In CSU patients, the positive rate of anti-H. pylori IgG positive rate was significantly higher than that in normal controls, and the anti-H. pylori IgE levels had no statistical difference between H. pylori-infected patients with and without CSU. Further studies suggested that H. pylori preparations can directly activate human LAD2 mast cell line in a dose-dependent manner and its most powerful protein component was a mixture of 21-35 kDa proteins. Moreover, the 21-35 kDa mixed protein component mainly contained 23 kinds of proteins, which can stimulate the release of histamine, TNF-a, IL-3, IFN-ã, and LTB4 by LAD2 cells in a dose-dependent or time-dependent manner.CONCLUSIONS: A 21-35 kDa mixed protein component should be regarded as the most promising pathogenic factor contributing to the CSU associated with H. pylori infection. | [
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7849031 | Comparison of the refolding of hen lysozyme from dimethyl sulfoxide and guanidinium chloride. | The folding of hen egg white lysozyme is complex, involving parallel pathways and distinct folding domains [Radford, S.E., Dobson, C.M., & Evans, P.A. (1992) Nature 358, 302-307]. In the present work the refolding of this protein from two denatured states that have different conformational properties, one generated by the presence of guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) and the other by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), has been examined. Refolding was initiated by rapid dilution and followed by hydrogen-exchange pulse labeling, stopped-flow circular dichroism (CD) in the near-ultraviolet region, and stopped-flow fluorescence experiments. When the final refolding conditions were identical (545 mM GdmCl, 8% (v/v) DMSO, and 20 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.5, 20 degrees C), the folding behavior from the different denatured states monitored by near-UV CD and hydrogen-exchange pulse labeling was indistinguishable. These experiments indicate that the folding process of hen lysozyme is not significantly dependent on the nature of the two denatured states. The complexities in the pathway, therefore, appear to arise from properties of the collapsed state which is formed within the first few milliseconds of refolding. The kinetics of folding were found to be dependent on the concentration of DMSO in the final refolding buffer, although the fundamental properties of the pathway, including the existence of parallel events and distinct folding domains, are preserved under all the conditions studied. Inclusion of DMSO in the refolding buffer increases the rate of formation of native-like structure and of the native state itself. This could result from destablization of species formed early in folding, allowing them to rearrange more rapidly to permit productive folding to proceed. The results indicate that examination of a wide range of conditions will contribute substantially to a more complete understanding of protein folding pathways. | [
30,
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1281,
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"Circular Dichroism",
"Dimethyl Sulfoxide",
"Egg White",
"Female",
"Guanidine",
"Guanidines",
"Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy",
"Muramidase",
"Protein Denaturation",
"Protein Folding",
"Protein Structure, Secondary"
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1735076 | Extent of nasopharyngeal carcinoma involvement inside the nasopharynx. Lack of prognostic value on local control. | A study on the use of fiberscopic examination and multiple biopsy specimens taken from the nasopharynx in the assessment of the extent of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) involvement inside the nasopharynx found that the involvement often was more extensive than the detected with conventional methods. In the current study, 247 patients with NPC were studied with the use of fiberscopic examination, and multiple biopsy specimens were taken from the superior wall, posterior wall, and lateral wall of the nasopharynx on both sides. It was confirmed that the tumor often involved the nasopharynx extensively. Also, the extent of primary tumor involvement inside the nasopharynx was correlated with the American Joint Committee (AJC) T stage and the degree of paranasopharyngeal extension of the tumor (P = 0.0100 and 0.0009, respectively), as well as with the size of the largest node and the lowest neck level involved by the node in the ipsilateral neck (P = 0.0005 and 0.005, respectively). However, the extent of primary tumor involvement inside the nasopharynx, expressed as either the number of the six standard sites or the number of the AJC subsites that were involved, had no predictive value on the control of the primary tumor (P = 0.3773 and 0.7794, respectively) at a median follow-up time of 27 months. Except when salvage brachytherapy is contemplated for persistent or recurrent NPC, the extent of primary tumor involvement inside the nasopharynx should not be routinely studied. | [
8055,
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8174,
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1249,
1187,
397,
111
] | [
"Actuarial Analysis",
"Endoscopy",
"Fiber Optic Technology",
"Humans",
"Lymphatic Metastasis",
"Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms",
"Nasopharynx",
"Neoplasm Invasiveness",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Prognosis",
"Prospective Studies"
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11003795 | Acquired slow-channel syndrome. | We report the case of a 37-year-old man with clinical and electrophysiological features of hereditary slow-channel syndrome (SCS) and antibodies against acetylcholine receptors (AChR-Abs). He presented with weakness of shoulder and hand muscles. A supramaximal single stimulus to the motor nerves disclosed a double compound muscle action potential (CMAP). Repetitive stimulation of ulnar, suprascapular, and median nerves showed a CMAP decrement greater than 10%. The patient responded to pyridostigmine. This report confirms the importance of AChR-Ab titers in suspected cases of hereditary SCS because patients with positive AChR-Abs may have a better response to available treatments. | [
9,
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35,
120,
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892
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"Adult",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Muscles",
"Myasthenic Syndromes, Congenital",
"Neural Conduction"
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20220321 | ASL perfusion MRI predicts cognitive decline and conversion from MCI to dementia. | We compared the predictive value of cerebral perfusion as measured by arterial-spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI) with MRI-derived hippocampal volume for determining future cognitive and functional decline and subsequent conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia. Forty-eight mild cognitive impairment subjects received structural and ASL-MRI scans at baseline and clinical and neuropsychologic assessments annually. Thirteen subjects became demented during the period of longitudinal observation (2.7+/-1.0 y). Cox regression analyses suggest that baseline hippocampal volume [relative risk (RR)=0.99, P=0.004], baseline right inferior parietal (RR=0.64, P=0.01) and right middle frontal (RR=0.73, P=0.01) perfusion were associated with conversion to dementia. Results from linear mixed effects modeling suggest that baseline perfusion from the right precuneus predicted subsequent declines in Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (P=0.002), Functional Activates Questionnaire (P=0.01), and selective attention (ie, Stroop switching, P=0.009) whereas baseline perfusion from the right middle frontal cortex predicted subsequent episodic memory decline (ie, total recognition discriminability score from the California Verbal Learning Test, P=0.03). These results suggest that hypoperfusion as detected by ASL-MRI can predict subsequent clinical, functional, and cognitive decline and may be useful for identifying candidates for future Alzheimer disease treatment trials. | [
133,
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2721,
2645,
412,
2439,
2,
3,
188,
35,
1269,
365
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"Aged",
"Brain",
"Cerebrovascular Circulation",
"Cognition Disorders",
"Dementia",
"Disease Progression",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Spin Labels"
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32692000 | Analysis of clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 based on a series of 1000 patients treated in Spanish emergency departments. | OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treated in hospital emergency departments (EDs) in Spain, and to assess associations between characteristics and outcomes.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective, multicenter, nested-cohort study. Sixty-one EDs included a random sample of all patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 1 and April 30, 2020. Demographic and baseline health information, including concomitant conditions; clinical characteristics related to the ED visit and complementary test results; and treatments were recorded throughout the episode in the ED. We calculated crude and adjusted odds ratios for risk of in-hospital death and a composite outcome consisting of the following events: intensive care unit admission, orotracheal intubation or mechanical ventilation, or in-hospital death. The logistic regression models were constructed with 3 groups of independent variables: the demographic and baseline health characteristics, clinical characteristics and complementary test results related to the ED episode, and treatments.RESULTS: The mean (SD) age of patients was 62 (18) years. Most had high- or low-grade fever, dry cough, dyspnea, and diarrhea. The most common concomitant conditions were cardiovascular diseases, followed by respiratory diseases and cancer. Baseline patient characteristics that showed a direct and independent association with worse outcome (death and the composite outcome) were age and obesity. Clinical variables directly associated with worse outcomes were impaired consciousness and pulmonary crackles; headache was inversely associated with worse outcomes. Complementary test findings that were directly associated with outcomes were bilateral lung infiltrates, lymphopenia, a high platelet count, a D-dimer concentration over 500 mg/dL, and a lactate-dehydrogenase concentration over 250 IU/L in blood.CONCLUSION: This profile of the clinical characteristics and comorbidity of patients with COVID-19 treated in EDs helps us predict outcomes and identify cases at risk of exacerbation. The information can facilitate preventive measures and improve outcomes. | [
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"Age Distribution",
"Age Factors",
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"Aged, 80 and over",
"Betacoronavirus",
"COVID-19",
"Cardiovascular Diseases",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Comorbidity",
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21336861 | Cadmium, lead and zinc concentrations in water, sediment and oyster (Crassostrea virginica) of San Andres Lagoon, Mexico. | The spatial distribution of cadmium, lead and zinc concentrations in water, sediment and oysters from San Andres Lagoon was evaluated. Significantly higher cadmium (0.33 mg L(-1)) and lead (0.70 mg L(-1)) concentrations in water were observed in front of the mouth of Tigre river, whereas, zinc concentration (5.0 mg L(-1)) was significantly higher in the south part of the lagoon. Similarly, lead and zinc values in sediment (1.01 and 9.29 ìg g(-1), respectively) and oyster tissue (0.86 and 3.19 ìg g(-1), respectively) were significantly higher in the south part of the lagoon. Levels of cadmium and lead in oyster tissue were positively related to those found in sediment. However, concerning zinc no evident relationship was found. Such differences in regression analyses may be explained by differential bioaccumulation of xenobiotic (cadmium, lead) and essential (zinc) metals. | [
30,
1139,
3307,
247,
543,
2387,
3308,
3309,
326,
703
] | [
"Animals",
"Cadmium",
"Crassostrea",
"Environmental Monitoring",
"Geologic Sediments",
"Lead",
"Mexico",
"Seawater",
"Water Pollutants, Chemical",
"Zinc"
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18724729 | Coexistence of three specialist aphids on common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca. | Coexistence of host-specific herbivores on plants is believed to be governed by interspecific interactions, but few empirical studies have systematically unraveled these dynamics. We investigated the role of several factors in promoting coexistence among the aphids Aphis nerii, Aphis asclepiadis, and Myzocallis asclepiadis that all specialize on common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca). Competitive exclusion is thought to occur when interspecific competition is stronger than intraspecific competition. Consequently, we investigated whether predators, mutualists, or resource quality affected the strength of intra- vs. interspecific competition among aphids in factorial manipulations of competition with exposure to predation, ants, and variable plant genotypes in three separate experiments. In the predation x competition experiment, predators reduced aphid per capita growth by 66%, but the strength of intra- and interspecific competition did not depend on predators. In the ants x competition experiment, ants reduced per capita growth of A. nerii and M. asclepiadis (neither of which were mutualists with ants) by approximately one-half. In so doing, ants ameliorated the negative effects of these competitors on ant-tended A. asclepiadis by two-thirds, representing a novel benefit of ant-aphid mutualism. Nevertheless, ants alone did not explain the persistence of competitively inferior A. asclepiadis as, even in the presence of ants, interspecific competition remained stronger than intraspecific competition. In the plant genotype x competition experiment, both A. asclepiadis and M. asclepiadis were competitively inferior to A. nerii, with the strength of interspecific competition exceeding that of intraspecific competition by 83% and 23%, respectively. Yet these effects differed among milkweed genotypes, and there were one or more plant genotypes for each aphid species where coexistence was predicted. A synthesis of our results shows that predators play little or no role in preferentially suppressing competitively dominant A. nerii. Nonetheless, A. asclepiadis benefits from ants, and A. asclepiadis and M. asclepiadis may escape competitive exclusion by A. nerii on select milkweed genotypes. Taken as a whole, the coexistence of three host-specific aphid species sharing the same resource was promoted by the dual action of ants as antagonists and mutualists and by genetic diversity in the plant population itself. | [
30,
6693,
3126,
7706,
1379,
3215,
3970,
1722,
1687
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"Animals",
"Ants",
"Aphids",
"Asclepias",
"Feeding Behavior",
"Host-Parasite Interactions",
"Predatory Behavior",
"Species Specificity",
"Spiders"
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10848825 | Re-exposure to recombinant (r)-hirudin in antihirudin antibody-positive patients with a history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. | Patients with a history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and antibodies to hirudin were re-exposed to recombinant (r)-hirudin for prophylaxis of thromboembolism. Four patients were re-exposed to 2 x 25 mg of subcutaneous r-hirudin for 8-27 d. Two patients were re-exposed once, one patient twice and one four times. Re-exposure was well tolerated in all patients and no thromboembolism occurred. Antihirudin IgG (4/4 patients), IgA and IgM (1/4 patients) antibody levels increased. Baseline ecarin clotting times showed high variability. Patients with antibodies to hirudin may be re-exposed but anticoagulant monitoring is mandatory. | [
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10324,
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289,
297,
35,
160,
506,
2883,
8439,
905
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"Adult",
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"Antibodies",
"Anticoagulants",
"Female",
"Heparin",
"Hirudin Therapy",
"Hirudins",
"Humans",
"Immunoglobulin A",
"Immunoglobulin G",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Recombinant Proteins",
"Thrombocytopenia",
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964964 | Operational dimensions of one multihospital system. | The pressing realities of health care delivery in the 1970s call for new solutions and fresh approaches to health care administration. The Lutheran Hospitals and Homes Society of America was founded to assist communities that were encountering difficulties in providing for the health care needs of their people. This article describes how the society meets these needs through a multihospital approach in which the "parent" organization totally operates its member facilities rather than fragmenting its services by allowing member units to utilize one or more of its services. | [
11696,
2994,
802,
3663,
11432,
132
] | [
"Facility Design and Construction",
"Hospital Administration",
"Methods",
"Nursing Homes",
"Societies",
"United States"
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15675620 | [Liver and splenic sarcoidosis: diagnostic procedures]. | INTRODUCTION: Clinical studies indicate involvement of the liver and spleen in approximately 20-30% of patients affected with sarcoidosis and their detection should be based on a standardized diagnostic procedure.DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES: Ultrasonography is a reliable and safe method to assess changes related to size and structure of the affected organs that are pathognomonic for sarcoidosis. Further evaluation may include computerized tomography or magnetic resonance, while percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy or laparoscopy may also be applied when indicated. The most important criterion used for final diagnosis is pathohistological evidence of epithelioid noncaseating granuloma in bioptic material along with already established sarcoidosis of the lungs or some other organ.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study on the incidence of liver and spleen sarcoidosis included a group of 130 patients affected with sarcoidosis hospitalized at the Institute of Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, Clinical Center of Serbia, over the period 2002-2003.RESULTS: The analysis evidenced that 31.5% of sarcoidosis patients had pathognomonic echographic findings of abdominal organs: splenomegaly (13%), hepatomegaly (10.8%) and hepatosplenomegaly (7.7%). Three patients underwent surgical treatment of liver and spleen sarcoidosis.CONCLUSION: Pathognomonic findings of liver and spleen sarcoidosis were evidenced in approximately one third of sarcoidosis cases and they represented a significant parameter for further therapy, particularly in chronic patients. | [
9,
133,
310,
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3,
1788,
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160,
1560,
18857
] | [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Liver Diseases",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Sarcoidosis",
"Splenic Diseases"
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