The  IACC  (Indian Association of Clinical Cardiologists), a non-profit organisation for non invasive cardiologists, was founded in 2008 by  Dr. Rajesh Rajan , 4  Padma Shri  doctors (such as  Padma Bhushan   Dr. Devi Prasad Shetty  and Padma Shri  Dr. Govindan Vijayaraghavan ), Mohammed Shafiq and five other colleagues from  Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences . Based in  Kerala , this association works towards the prevention of  Cardiovascular Diseases  (CVD) and the reduction of cardiovascular mortality in rural India. [ 2 ]


The association is affiliated with the  European Society of CardioVascular Surgery ,  American College of Cardiology , and  American Heart Association . [ 3 ]  It has partnered with the  World Heart Federation  to raise awareness of cardiovascular diseases and nutrition diets. [ 4 ]  Additionally, It has also worked towards increasing awareness about the co-relation between cardiovascular diseases and the environment.


The Indian College of Cardiology, the Cardiological Society of India, and the Kerala Heart Rhythm Society engaged in a public disagreement with the association in 2015. These organizations asserted that practicing cardiology by MBBS doctors with a  Postgraduate Diploma in Clinical Cardiology  (PGDCC) was both illegal and unethical. The Association argued that PGDCC is a full-time, two-year residency program in non-invasive cardiology that is taught by renowned cardiology professors and  conducted in top teaching tertiary care institutions including government medical colleges.  The American College of Cardiology ,  the American Heart Association , and the  European Society of Cardiology  have also recognized it. [ 5 ] [ 6 ]


The official publication of the Indian Association of Clinical Cardiologists is "Annals of Clinical Cardiology," which is published by  Wolters Kluwer . [ 7 ]


The IACC Cardiozone 2015 held its inaugural zonal conference in July 2015 in  Kozhikode, Kerala . [ 8 ]  It was attended by international clinical cardiologists, general physicians, and medical students. [ 9 ] [ 10 ]   U. T. Khader , then  Minister for Health and Family Welfare  of  Karnataka , had previously attended their 4th national conference in 2013. [ 11 ]  Following that, in 2016, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato (Milan) and IACC organised a conference in  Dubai , concentrating on interdisciplinary approaches in cardiac care. [ 12 ]


The National Annual Conference of Indian Association of Clinical Cardiologists (IACCCON) is a yearly event organised by the IACC and is one of the largest conference for clinical cardiology in India. [ 13 ]  The objective of the conference is to establish a program to train a larger number of graduates in  clinical cardiology  to deal with the early recognition, management and prevention of cardiovascular diseases and associated diseases like  diabetes  and  hypertension . [ 14 ]


The  Indian Heart Association  ( IHA ), along with the  Indian Stroke Association  ( ISA ), is an organization dedicated to raising cardiovascular and stroke health awareness among the  South Asian  population. [ 1 ]
The organisation was founded by  Harvard Medical School  and  Berkeley-UCSF  affiliates Dr. Sevith Rao and Dr. Sishir Rao. The organization has sponsored and conducted cardiac health camps in India to raise awareness about  cardiovascular disease  and is headquartered in  Jubilee Hills ,  Hyderabad, India .


The organization was appointed to the  Thoracic  and Cardiovascular Surgery Instruments Sectional Committee for the  Bureau of Indian Standards , Ministry of Health in 2013. The organization was featured in articles in prominent newspapers such as  The Hindu  and  Eenadu  as well as the front page of the  Rice University  webpage. [ 2 ]  In 2019, the organization was appointed to the Board of Directors for the Asia Pacific Heart Association, the leading interdisciplinary cardiovascular association in the Asia Pacific Region.


The IHA was featured in a 2018  The Economist  case study on the heart disease epidemic in South Asia. [ 3 ]
The IHA also operates an affiliated organization, the Indian Stroke Association, focused on raising awareness about stroke.


Public health estimates indicate that India accounts will account for approximately 60% of the world's heart disease burden, despite having less than 20% of the world's population.  Heart disease  is the number one cause of mortality and a silent epidemic among South Asians. In addition, South Asians are at high risk for stroke, accounting for 40% of global stroke deaths. [ 4 ] [ full citation needed ]  The Indian Heart Association was founded to focus on the goals of primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease and stroke. [ citation needed ]


The Indian Heart Association has been invited to numerous global cardiac health organization summits including the  World Heart Federation  Annual Meeting and  The Economist  Heart Health in Asia meetings. The IHA has also been recognised as a full member of the Cardiac subcommittee for the Bureau of Indian Standards in the Ministry of Health in India. The organization has prominent supporters and advisers including National Medal of Science Laureate Dr.  C.R. Rao  and former Science Advisor to the President of the United States Dr.  Neal Francis Lane . Late Former President of India Dr.  A. P. J. Abdul Kalam  was an advisor for the Indian Heart Association. [ citation needed ]


To date, the organization has partnered with prominent physicians including Cardiologists and Surgeons from  Apollo Hospitals , KIMS, and Vishnu Hospital. The IHA has conducted or sponsored cardiac screening camps in  Andhra Pradesh ,  Maharashtra ,  Telangana , and  Tamil Nadu  and has sponsored or advised other events throughout India. The organisation has also joined hands with the Indian Medical Student Association (IMSA), the largest medical student representative body in the country. In 2015, the IHA has partnered with the Child Heart Foundation, a non-profit in Delhi, India to raise funds for treatment of congenital heart disease for families with financial hardship. In 2018, the IHA partnered with Syybol, the world's largest Bollywood dance workout community. [ citation needed ]


The  Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences  ( ICAMS ) is the purpose-built  British Heart Foundation  cardiovascular research facility at the  University of Glasgow . [ 1 ]  The Director of this Institute is  Rhian Touyz , MSc (Med), PhD. ICAMS is part of the College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, which was formed in 2010.


There were around 175 research and support staff, as well as PhD & MD students (116 in 2017–18). Research is the primary purpose and activity of this Institute.


The staff of this institute also run and contribute to the following post-graduate programmes:- MSc Cardiovascular Sciences, MSc Clinical Pharmacology, MSc Clinical Trials, and Stratified Medicine, MSc Sports & Exercise Science & Medicine, and MSc Stratified Medicine and Pharmacological Innovation.


The  Interamerican Society of Cardiology  (SIAC for its  Spanish  acronym) is a nongovernmental association formed by the National Societies of Cardiology of the American Continent.
The Interamerican Society of Cardiology, together with the  European Society of Cardiology , founded in 1950, the Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology, founded in 1956, and the African Society of Cardiology founded in 1981 are the four Intercontinental Professional Societies of Cardiology of the  World Heart Federation  (WHF for its acronym in English). [ 1 ]


The Interamerican Society of Cardiology (SIAC) was founded in  Mexico  on 18 April 1944, at the initiative of Doctor  Ignacio Chávez . That year, the occasion being the inauguration of the National Institute of Cardiology in Mexico City its founder and director, Dr. Ignacio Chávez, invited distinguished  cardiologists  from North, Central and South America and the Caribbean to the ceremony. [ citation needed ]


After a fruitful exchange of ideas at this meeting, it was concluded that, in fact, the event had actually constituted an Interamerican Congress and the suggestion was to acknowledge it as such. Those attending did so and decided to form the Interamerican Society of Cardiology and to recognize the event as the first Interamerican Congress of Cardiology. It was also decided to delegate upon Dr. Chavez the task of drawing up the articles of incorporation and bylaws of the Society, and he was requested to convene another Interamerican Congress of Cardiology in Mexico City when  World War II  ended. Dr. Ignacio Chavez was unanimously elected as President of the Interamerican Society of Cardiology. [ citation needed ]


The main purpose of the Society is to group together the Societies of Cardiology of all the countries of the Americas for the advancement of  cardiology , to promote  research , teaching and the association of  physicians ,  surgeons , and researchers specialized in this field. It also strives to promote optimal  cardiovascular  health in the population of the Americas through the education and ongoing  professional development  of its members. [ citation needed ]


To unite the Cardiovascular Societies representing all the countries of the Americas in order to facilitate the advancement of cardiovascular science, by:


At present there are 26 national professional societies of cardiology members of SIAC forming the General Assembly to bring together more than 40,000 cardiologists.


Since the founding of the SIAC and according to the bylaws in force, the Secretary-Treasurer is permanently based at the  National Institute of Cardiology  in Mexico City.


The Interamerican Congress of Cardiology is held every two years in a country of the American continent. The XXIV Interamerican Congress of Cardiology held from the 18th to 20 October 2013 in  Buenos Aires , Argentina, had 9946 attendees, including cardiologists, teachers and students, of which 781 were foreigners from 22 different countries. [ 2 ]


The XXV Interamerican Congress of Cardiology will take place from the 4th to 7 December 2015 in Santiago de Chile. At the last General Assembly the city of  São Paulo , Brazil was approved as host of the XXVI Interamerican Congress of Cardiology to be held in 2017.


The Interamerican Society of Cardiology currently has the following associations and scientific Councils:


The  International Society for Heart Research  began as an "International Study Group for  Research  in  Cardiac  Metabolism" in  Dubrovnik  in 1968; at the 1976 World Congress in Tokyo, it adopted the name "International Society for Heart Research". It currently has over 3,000 members and comprises 7 international Sections (Australasian, Chinese, European, Indian, Japanese, Latin American and North American).  The current president is Dr. Yoshihiko Saito Nara.


The  Society  publishes its own journal ( Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology [ 1 ] )  and newsletter (Heart News and Views [ 2 ] ).


The ISHR has developed a number of awards (Peter Harris Distinguished Scientist Award, Research Achievement Award, Outstanding Investigator Award, three named Distinguished Lecture Awards and Distinguished Leader Award for Faculty). [ 3 ]   It also gives the  Richard J. Bing  Award for Young Investigators, an award named after its first President and founder.


This article about an  international organization  is a  stub . You can help Wikipedia by  expanding it .


The Krishna Heart and Super Specialty Institute , also known as  Krishna Heart Institute  or  Krishna Hospital , located in  Ahmedabad ,  India , was established in 2000 as a high-end medical facility, specialising in  heart diseases . The hospital expanded its field of work into different medical branches and has performed over 25,000 procedures including 4,000  bypass  surgeries. The hospital was acquired by  Shalby Ltd.  in 2012. It is a facility that seeks to gain income from the increase seen in  medical tourism in India .


Krishna Hospital was the first corporate hospital to be located in  Ahmedabad . [ 1 ]  It was conceived by Dr. Atul Chokshi, an  interventional cardiologist  practising in  New York City , his brother Animesh Chokshi and 100 other doctors, most of them living in the United States. [ 1 ]  Dr. Chokshi being a devote of the Hind deity  Krishna  and a reader of  Bhagavad Gita , named the establishment "Krishna Heart Institute". [ 2 ]


Krishna Hospital is partnered with MedSolution, a  medical tourism  company located in  Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada. [ 3 ]  It was built with a capacity of 140 beds and specialised operating theaters. [ 1 ]


The number of patients treated by Krishna Hospital declined. In October 2012,  Shalby Ltd.  announced that they had acquired 86% of the share in Yogeshwar Healthcare Ltd. which ran the Krishna Hospital. The cost of the acquisition was not revealed, but was speculated to be around  ₹ 75 crore  (US$8.8 million)- ₹ 80 crore  (US$9.4 million). Krishna Hospital would now serve as a place to direct the over-flow of the patients from Shalby hospital. A plan to renovate the hospital was passed and 110 beds were to be added to the 140-bed hospital. [ 1 ]


Krishna Hospital, has some patients from the local areas of  North Gujarat ,  Saurashtra  and  Rajasthan , [ 1 ]  but also markets its services to foreign nationals. [ 4 ]  It provides  diagnostic  and treatment procedures in  cardiology  and  joint replacement . [ 5 ]


The hospital provides: [ 6 ] [ 7 ]


The institute was the first hospital in the local area to set up a specialised ISO-100 operating theatre, [ 7 ]  where the air in the operating theatre is refreshed 130 times per hour. [ 6 ]  As of 2010 [update] , Krishna hospital is reported to have performed over 25,000 procedures including 4,000 open heart bypass surgeries. [ 2 ]


Lourdes Heart Institute and Neuro Centre  (LHINC) is a new block set up in  Lourdes Hospital ,  Cochin ,  Kerala ,  India , to cater to tertiary level care for the entire spectrum of cardiovascular and neurological disease. It was inaugurated on 16 March 2007, by Mr.  A. K. Antony , the  Defence Minister of India . This institute was started to meet a long-felt need to provide cardiac and neurological interventional facilities, and especially to provide interventional neurological facilities for the treatment of strokes, including selective thrombolysis and primary angioplasty for stroke which was hitherto unavailable in this part of India.


Lourdes Heart Institute has the first biplane digital flat panel  cathetherisation laboratory  in South Asia, which is especially suited for neurological and cardiological intervention work, including carotid stenting, intra-cerebral vessel stenting, primary angioplasty, valvotomy, electrophysiologic procedures and pediatric cardiology.


A new building was built behind the main Lourdes hospital block, with outpatient departments and invasive cardiology on the ground level, the cath lab and ICCU suites on the first level and rooms on the higher levels. [ citation needed ]


The LHINC  Cath lab  is capable of handling every type of interventional cardiology procedure, with the advantage of its biplane system, it has the unique capability of performing interventional procedures in less time with the advantage of using far lesser contrast than in a routine single plane cath lab, such a facility is rare, this being the first in South Asia, and even as late as December, 2007, there were only 8 such labs in the United States. [ 1 ]


LHINC has round the clock, 24/7 availability of primary  angioplasty  which is the standard treatment for  heart attacks  and results in the best results and the lowest mortality and morbidity. Other facilities include regular, elective angioplasties, day care angiography, which is done via the artery in the wrist, the  radial artery  which allow the patient to be discharged in a few hours and does not require extended lying down, radial angioplasty; temporary and permanent  pacemaker  implantations; mitral valvuloplasty, which enables the opening of narrowed heart valves, without the need for open heart surgery, with a minimally invasive "pinhole" incision in the groin; Automated  Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator  or AICD implantation for the prevention of sudden cardiac death in individuals at high risk and non surgical closure of "holes in the heart".


LHINC provides cardiac surgery in adult patients including  coronary artery bypass surgery , both on pump and off pump surgery, aortic surgery, valve replacement and repair and endovascular aortic stent procedure. The unit did for the first time in Kerala, 'key hole' mitral valve replacement surgery on two patients.


Mended Hearts  is a  United States -based charity which functions as a support group for individuals suffering from  heart disease . It was founded in 1951 by  cardiac surgeon   Dwight Harken . [ 1 ]  Harken was the first surgeon in history to repeatedly perform successful heart surgery. Harken invited post-surgery and prospective heart patients to meet for mutual encouragement and support. These patients spoke of their "mended hearts". Mended Hearts offers a program for the families of children born with congenital heart defects known as  Mended  Little  Hearts . [ 2 ]


Mended Hearts partners with 460 hospitals and rehabilitation clinics across the United States, with 285 chapters employing 21,000 volunteers.


The  Montreal Heart Institute (MHI)  (French:  Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal ), in  Montreal ,  Quebec , is a specialty  hospital  dedicated to the development of  cardiology , which is affiliated with the  Université de Montréal . The MHI is founded in 1954 by  Paul David , and along with the  Ottawa Heart Institute  is considered one of the largest cardiology institutes in the world, which is the first educational hospital on  cardiovascular diseases  in Canada, and is ranked as one of the largest  preventive medicine  centres in Quebec. [ 2 ]


Prominent Montreal businessman  J. Louis Levesque  was a  major benefactor whose initial $1 million donation in 1969 doubled the research department's budget. Levesque supported the Institute for more than a quarter of a century, donating more than $10 million. [ 3 ]


The MHI was ranked number one research hospital in Canada for researcher intensity, and research expenditure per researcher, on the 2015 list of "Canada's Top 40 Research Hospitals" published by Research Infosource. [ 4 ] [ 5 ]


This Canadian hospital–related article is a  stub . You can help Wikipedia by  expanding it .


The Montreal Heart Institute Foundation  ( French :  Fondation de l’Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal ) is a non-profit group associated to  Montreal Heart Institute , in  Montreal ,  Quebec , which aims to raise and administer funds to support the research, teaching, care, and prioritize the innovative cardiovascular research projects. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]


Alain Gignac is the President and CEO of the MHIF. [ 3 ]


Mount Sinai Medical Center  is a  hospital  located at 4300 Alton Road in  Miami Beach, Florida , and is the largest private, independent  not-for-profit  teaching  hospital  in Florida. The institution was incorporated on March 11, 1946, and opened on its current location on December 4, 1949. [ 1 ]


Mount Sinai Medical Center includes six locations throughout  Miami-Dade County . In 2009, Mount Sinai Medical Center began an affiliation with  Columbia University , allowing for students and patients to treat, research, and study between  Miami  and  New York City . As part of the affiliation, the Mount Sinai Heart Institute and the Columbia University Divisions of Cardiology and Urology at Mount Sinai were created. This institution is not affiliated with the  Mount Sinai School of Medicine  or  Mount Sinai Hospital , established in 1852 in New York.


The center's five satellite locations include a freestanding emergency department, physician offices, diagnostic center and cancer center in  Aventura , physician offices in  Coral Gables ,  Hialeah  and  Key Biscayne  and a diagnostic catheterization and sleep lab in Coral Gables. Mount Sinai includes more than 700 physicians, 3,500 employees and 500 volunteers.


As of 2020 [update] , the medical center has 589 staffed beds. [ 2 ]


Mount Sinai purchased Miami Heart Institute in 2000 for $75 million on the theory that consolidating the two hospitals would slowly ease the competition of the two nearby facilities and improve their image. [ 3 ]  Many of Miami Heart Institute's Doctors, nurses and skilled technical staff were transferred over to Mount Sinai as part of the acquisition. In February 2012, Mount Sinai Medical Center sold the Miami Heart Institute building, which was redeveloped into a luxury condo under the  Ritz-Carlton  brand. [ 4 ]  As of 2020 [update] , Mount Sinai Medical Center is the only hospital and largest employer on Miami Beach.


Mount Sinai Medical Center provides following clinical services:


Mount Sinai currently has 15 different buildings/pavilions and they are as follows:


25°48′47″N   80°8′27″W  /  25.81306°N 80.14083°W  /  25.81306; -80.14083


Multan Institute of Cardiology  (MIC), is a hospital located in  Multan  city in  Pakistan . It was established by  Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi , the former chief minister of  Punjab  province, in 2005.


It was a project for the establishment of a specialised, tertiary care centre for patients with cardiovascular diseases. In early 2003, Pervaiz Elahi, the Chief Minister of Punjab, prioritised this initiative, evident by his appointment of Col. (Ret) Prof M A Cheema as the Project Director of MIC. He has been a pioneer in cardiac surgery within Pakistan and had previously established the Punjab Institute of Cardiology, in Lahore. The centre initiated its outpatient services in 2005, while inpatient services commenced in 2005. The first  open heart surgery  was performed on 29 October 2007 and by March 2008 over 50 open heart operations were conducted without any surgical mortality.


After the completion of the project Prof M A Cheema, was succeeded by Prof Syed Ali Raza Gardezi to assume the responsibilities of the first  Executive Director  of the institute. Prof. Dr. Syed Ali Raza Gardezi is an accomplished cardiologist who came from the respectable Gardezi family of Multan. The institute achieved several milestones during the tenure of Prof Gardezi. The construction of a modular operation theatre suite was an achievement despite the medical  Fraternity  in Punjab not being convinced of the benefits of modular theatres.


Prof. Dr. Muhammad Mujtaba Ali Siddiqui is the current Executive Director of CPEIC after Prof Rana Altaf Ahmed and Prof. Syed Ali Raza Gardezi.


CPE Institute of Cardiology Multan is a  tertiary care hospital  providing comprehensive services of cardiology and cardiac surgery for both adult and  congenital heart diseases . It has one of the largest Modular Operation Theater suites in the country. There are five operating rooms with dedicated preparation and scrub areas. The construction of this modular theater complex was completed in 2009 and the first surgery in the new complex was performed in March 2009. [ 1 ]  The intensive care has a capacity of 20 beds. The hospital has three  Cardiac Catheterization  Laboratories. The Institute also has facilities of Cardiac CT-scan, Nuclear Cardiology, Exercise Tolerance Testing and Echocardiography.


The department of anesthesia is led by an the Professor of Anesthesia. Their main area of service is associated with post operative care for cardiac patients in the  intensive care units  (ICU) and providing other anesthetic services to the whole hospital on a 24 hours basis.


On an average over 1300 surgeries are performed annually.


The types of surgeries offered include:


• Coronary artery bypass surgery.


• Valve replacements and repair


• Surgery for aortic dissection and aneurysms.


• Repair of atrial and ventricular septal defects.


• Repair of Fallot’s Tetralogy


• PDA


• Surgery for Coarctation of aorta


• PA banding


• Right Heart bypass in uni ventricular heart


• Surgery for peripheral artery disease


The department is led by a professor, an associate professor and two assistant professors for adult cardiac surgery, and  two assistant professors for Paediatric Cardiac Surgery. The department is evolving into an entirely independent Paediatric Cardiac Surgery Department in near future.


The cardiology department provides diagnostic and therapeutic services to patients with heart diseases. The department has a twelve bedded emergency and twenty bedded  CCU  for critical patients. The department is headed by Professor of cardiology and its faculty consists of one Associate Professor and four Assistant Professors.


The following diagnostic facilities are available:


The Department has two  Angiography  labs where following procedures are done:


Being a highly specialized field, its importance emerges from the high incidence of  congenital  and acquired disorders found in children. It provides services in all diagnostic and several therapeutic areas. The department consists of two consultant pediatric cardiologists. The department is doing regular cardiac catheterization for congenital lesions and has started transcatheter treatment of suitable congenital disorders like  ASD ,  PDA ,  pulmonary stenosis  and mitral stenosis.


The department has modern equipment and provides a complete array of routine and specialized tests.


It provides comprehensive diagnostic imaging facilities round the clock. The following tests are routinely done:


The department has facilities of processing digital images which are displayed online.


The primary aim of the dental section is to provide preoperative dental clearance of the patients undergoing valve surgery. However any patient requiring dental treatment is provided this service within the institute saving them the trouble and cost of visiting the Dental Hospital. The Dental clinic is located on the first floor and is run by two consultant dental surgeons.


CSSD is one of the systems installed in Pakistan and ensures sterilized surgical instruments and linen used in the operation theatres and the catheterization laboratories.


The laundry system of this hospital is of European make and is able to clean and wash bulk of hospital linen.


Textbooks and international journals for doctors, nurses, and paramedics are available here. It remains open till late evening.


According to the policy of the Government of Punjab, the hospital pharmacy provides the supply of free medicines to the poor patients. For the convenience of paying patients a retail pharmacy is established in the hospital. It provides medicines at lower than market price. It is located on the ground floor opposite the office of the Executive Director. The retail pharmacy is being updated and upgraded.


The department of cardiac surgery has a state of the art electronic database donated by Dr. Anjum Jalal, one of the developers of the software. The database presently has complete records of over 4000 patients who underwent surgery from 2009 onwards. It retrieves records quickly so is extremely useful in maintaining consistency of follow-ups. The dynamic lookup facility of the database is also helpful in conducting heavyweight research studies. Such database software is extremely costly, usually over 30000 dollars per year. The role of the database has been recognized and appreciated by both the local and international community of cardiac surgeons. [ 2 ]


Multan institute of cardiology is primarily serving the poor people living in the region of  south Punjab . However, due to its convenient geographic location many patients from upper  Sindh ,  Balochistan  and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa also visit for treatment of heart diseases. In 2016 a total of 474,552 patients visited the Outpatients Department, 1568 patients underwent open heart surgery, 6468 patients had angiographies and 2947 patients underwent PCI. The institute provided free medicines, as per Government policy, to over 292,900 patients.


In 2017, the institute is going to complete its 10-years of its indoor services of clinical excellence. The data presented above has put the institute among some of the best centers in the world. The charts given below show clinical performance: [ 3 ]


Besides such a large number of patients served, the institute has also achieved distinction for performing highly complex interventions and surgical operations. A large number of adult congenital operations have been performed by the team of cardiac surgeons with exceptional results. Complex aortic root replacements have also been performed routinely. Surgical correction of extremely rare conditions (like aorto-ventricular tunnel and ruptured  sinus of Valsalva ) have also been performed with excellent outcomes. [ 4 ]


The institute has a record of having prominent names in its faculty. Prof Haider Zaman, Prof Rana Altaf Ahmed, Prof Ijaz Ahmed are respectable names among the academia of cardiac surgery and cardiology. As a result of the tireless efforts of its faculty, the institute was accredited by the  College of Physicians & Surgeons  soon after its establishment.  It has trained several cardiologists and cardiac surgeons. The academic activities are a regular feature of the institute. Cath. Meetings, Audit Meetings, and GP training programs are on the regular academic calendar of the institute. The institute has hosted several national meetings including the annual meetings of Pakistan Society of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgeons as well as Pakistan Hypertension League.


Some of the publications done by the doctors of MIC include the following:


The institute also publishes a monthly news letter under the editorship of Dr. Kashif Hashmi. [ 10 ]


30°11′30″N   71°27′01″E  /  30.19167°N 71.45028°E  /  30.19167; 71.45028


The  UK Health Forum  (UKHF) (formerly National Heart Forum) is a  charitable organisation  in the  UK  allying over 60 charities,  non-governmental  and  medical professional organizations  in reducing the risks of  coronary heart disease  (CHD) and such related conditions as  stroke ,  diabetes  and  cancer . Established in 1984, the NHF has three primary functions: (1) to facilitate the work of its members by providing a forum for communication and by coordinating their actions; (2) to encourage sound national and international action by researching CHD and related conditions and educating others about them; and (3) to aid policy makers and UKHF members in effective collaboration. Members include such organisations as the  British Medical Association , the  British Heart Foundation ,  Which?  and  Cancer Research UK . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]


Among other areas of interest, the UKHF has spoken publicly against irresponsible advertising of  junk food  to children. [ 1 ] [ 3 ]


It has a commercial subsidiary Micro Health Simulations. [ citation needed ]


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National Heart Foundation  is a health advocacy group and welfare organisation and is located in  Dhaka , Bangladesh. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]


National Heart Foundation was founded in 1979. The foundation established the  Heart Diseases Institute and Hospital  in Mirpur. [ 3 ] [ 4 ]  Brigadier General  Abdul Malik , national professor of Bangladesh, founded the foundation. [ 5 ]  The foundation released a smartphone app for heart patients in Bangladesh. [ 6 ]


On 31 May 2018, the NHFD received the a World No Tobacco Day award by the governmental Health Service Division of  Ministry of Health & Family Welfare  for its "contribution to tobacco control" in the country and the vital role played "for prevention & control of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Bangladesh". [ 7 ]


For the first time, The National Heart Foundation of Bangladesh (NHFB) had conducted MICS. [ 8 ]  Dr. Asraful Hoque Sium was the surgeon of this operation. [ 9 ]


This article about a  Bangladeshi  organisation is a  stub . You can help Wikipedia by  expanding it .


The  National Heart Foundation of Australia  (known as the  Heart Foundation ) is a charity established in 1959. Its activities have been funding cardiovascular research, supporting health professionals in their practice, developing health promotion activities, informing and educating the public and assisting people with cardiovascular disease. It describes its mission as "to reduce heart disease and improve the heart health and quality of life of all Australians through our work in Risk Reduction, Support, Care and Research." [ 2 ]


The organisation emerged after  tuberculosis  had been effectively removed as a health concern and after the successful establishment of the  Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada . A group of concerned Sydney professionals meet with the trustees of R.T Hall Trust and members of the New South Wales government health services in July 1958 and decided to form the National Heart Foundation of Australia. [ 3 ]


The foundation provides people with, and at risk of,  cardiovascular disease  information and guidance on how to minimise their risk. Annually, the organisation distributes more than 1.3 million heart health brochures. Each year, the Heart Foundation's information service and its website provides heart health information to thousands of Australians.


The foundation supports and works with all levels of government, other health organisations, the media and community groups and food manufacturers to implement policies and programmes that attempt to improve the cardiovascular health of Australians. This includes programmes on cardiovascular health risks such as smoking or physical inactivity, through to  recovery  and  rehabilitation  and diet. The foundation has partnered with the  Health Star Rating System  by assisting in monitoring the uptake and compliance of the  Health Star Rating  on applicable products. [ 4 ]  The foundation's collected data has been used in the formal reviews of the  Health Star Rating  and provided help in making the system more effective and accurate. [ 5 ]


The foundation claims to take the latest research and creates practical treatment tools for  health practitioners . The foundation attempts to bridge gaps in care through programs specifically targeting those Australians at higher risk of cardiovascular disease.


The foundation supports local governments that change neighbourhoods to create healthier communities. Initiatives by councils, such as building cycleways and upgrading walking paths are eligible for Heart Foundation Local Government Awards (to be renamed Heart Foundation Healthy Community Awards in 2011).


Through community education campaigns and media activities, the foundation promotes lifestyle changes to improve the heart health of Australians. Recent examples include the Warning Signs campaign, which raises awareness of the symptoms of a heart attack and of the need to phone 000 so that sufferers can get early treatment to have the best chance for survival.


The foundation's "Healthy Eating Principles" include plenty of fruit, vegetables and  whole grains  with a variety of protein sources such as fish and seafood, lean poultry with a restriction on  red meat . [ 6 ] [ 7 ]


The foundation recommends a diet low in  saturated fat  and trans fat whilst rich in monounsaturated and  polyunsaturated fats  such as avocados, unsalted nuts, seeds and oily fish like salmon and sardines. [ 8 ] [ 9 ]  The foundation have noted that milk, yoghurt and cheese can be eaten as part of a heart-healthy diet but butter, cream and ice cream are not recommended as heart-healthy. [ 10 ] [ 11 ]


A 2017 review by the Sax Institute for the National Heart Foundation of Australia on dietary patterns and cardiovascular disease outcomes found that the  DASH diet  is the most beneficial dietary pattern to reduce CVD risk in healthy populations. [ 12 ]  Another review published the same year that examined the evidence for the association between dietary fat and cardiovascular disease found that saturated fat consumption is associated with higher mortality and that replacement of saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat decreases risk of cardiovascular disease events and mortality. [ 13 ]


In 2018 the Sax Institute for the National Heart Foundation of Australia reviewed evidence on the heart health effects of eating unprocessed  red meat  and  poultry . The report concluded that "the totality of evidence reviewed in this report suggests that white meat (poultry, turkey and rabbit) have relatively neutral, whereas unprocessed red meat (beef, pork, veal, and lamb) likely have moderately adverse outcomes on cardiovascular effects, particularly related to weight gain and stroke risk." [ 14 ]


In 2019, the foundation lifted their limit on full fat  dairy products  and  eggs  for the general population. [ 11 ] [ 15 ]  The recommended limit remains for those with heart disease, high cholesterol or type 2 diabetes. [ 11 ] [ 16 ]  The foundation published a position statement on full fat dairy products, "Based on current evidence, there is not enough evidence to recommend full fat over reduced fat products or reduced fat over full fat products for the general population. For people with elevated cholesterol and those with existing coronary heart disease, reduced fat products are recommended." [ 10 ]  The position statement also noted that the "evidence for milk, yoghurt and cheese does not extend to butter, cream, ice-cream and dairy-based desserts; these products should be avoided in a heart healthy eating pattern". [ 10 ]


The foundation's 2019 position statement on dietary fat and heart healthy eating recommends replacing saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat and whole grains to lower risk of a cardiovascular disease. [ 17 ]  The foundation's 2021 position statement on  alcohol  and heart health for the general population is to reduce consumption to no more than 10 standard drinks per week and no more than 4 standard drinks on any one day which supports the  National Health and Medical Research Council 's recommendation levels. The foundation has stated that alcohol consumption is harmful to people with atrial fibrillation so such individuals may need to drink less or none at all. [ 18 ]


The  National Heart Foundation of New Zealand  (known as the Heart Foundation) is a registered New Zealand heart health  charity  established in 1968. It funds research into heart disease, and provides education to promote healthy lifestyles to prevent  heart disease . It has awarded over $78 million to fund research and specialist training for  cardiologists  since 1970. The funding has provided over 1,800 research and training grants awarded in New Zealand.


There are 18 [ 1 ]  Heart Foundation branches located through New Zealand.


The Heart Foundation's work includes:


In 1968, a group of cardiologists established the National Heart Foundation with the aim of making an impact on New Zealand's heart disease epidemic. New Zealand's death rates due to heart disease were among the highest in the world at the time. [ citation needed ]


In 2015 the foundation released a television advertisement asking viewers "who gives the most realistic performance of a heart attack?", and showing several people acting as if they are experiencing a heart attack. In the end, the advertisement points to a person sitting in the background. It was designed to teach people that heart attacks are not as dramatic as what are portrayed in cinema. [ 2 ]  The advertisement received multiple awards. [ 3 ]


The foundation recommends a diet low in  saturated fat  and high in unsaturated fats (monosaturated and polyunsaturated) from nuts, seeds, plant oils, avocado and oily fish to reduce heart disease risk. They advice that 40% of the food trolley should be filled with fruit and vegetables. [ 4 ]  The foundation recommends people to replace  refined grains  with  whole grains  and consume at least three servings of whole grains per day for heart health. [ 5 ]


In 2017, the foundation published a Dairy and Heart Health  umbrella review  which found an "overall neutral effect of  dairy  on cardiovascular risk for the general population". [ 6 ]  Their position paper stated that "the evidence overall suggests dairy products can be included in a heart-healthy eating pattern and choosing reduced-fat dairy over full-fat dairy reduces risk for some, but not all, cardiovascular risk factors". [ 7 ]


In 2020, the foundation’s Expert Nutrition Policy (ENP) issued a position statement that concluded that high consumption of  red meat  increases risk of heart disease and stroke by 16% therefore one should aim to reduce consumption of red meat below 350g per week and replace meat with plant sources of protein. [ 8 ] [ 9 ]


The Heart Foundation is New Zealand's leading independent funder of heart research. Their funding enables medical researchers and cardiologists to undertake research projects and specialist training. [ citation needed ]


Heart Foundation donors funded a Chair of Heart Health position at Auckland University. [ 10 ]  The Chair, filled by Professor Rob Doughty, was established to create a research hub to focus on improving understanding of heart disease, and to help improve heart health for New Zealanders. [ citation needed ]


In 2017 the Heart Foundation funded a two-year study into the link between heart disease and mental illness, [ 11 ]  to be carried out by Professor Bart Ellenbroek and his research team at Victoria University, Wellington. [ citation needed ]


The Heart Foundation of New Zealand, with other organisations including the British Heart Foundation and the Wellcome Trust, funded research published in 2011 into the use of a  polypill  to reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke. [ 12 ] [ 13 ]


The Heart Foundation holds heart-help sessions that offer support and advice from guest speakers including health professionals. These sessions are run by regionally-based Heart Foundation staff. [ citation needed ]


The Heart Foundation runs a lottery as a fundraiser. It began on 26 December 1993. Jennian Homes [ 14 ]  is the partner of the Heart Foundation Lottery.


The Heart Foundation Tick programme [ 15 ]  was used to help New Zealanders find healthy food choices. The programme ran for 25 years and was retired in 2016. [ 16 ]  An achievement of the Tick programme was its success in working with food companies to reduce the amount of salt in processed food products. [ citation needed ]


Institut Jantung Negara Sdn Bhd  (also known as  National Heart Institute ; abbreviation  IJN ), is a heart surgery centre in  Jalan Tun Razak ,  Kuala Lumpur ,  Malaysia . IJN was founded in 1992 under Prime Minister  Mahathir Mohamad  tenure.


It is located adjacent to the  Kuala Lumpur Hospital .


The IJN was first established in 1984 by a few cardiologists and general physicians and was situated at the GHKL's old blood bank office, and the current IJN's logo was created in the same year of 1984. IJN later moved to its current location in 1992. The institutes specialises in  cardiology  and  cardiothoracic surgery  services for both adult and  paediatric  cases. As the national referral centre for  cardiovascular disease , IJN sees new cases referred from all over the country and abroad and follow-up cases at the outpatient clinics.


IJN went through an expansion which was completed in late 2009. Following the expansion, the number of beds dedicated for heart treatment increased to 432, making IJN one of the largest heart centres in the region. In March 2019, pioneer surgeon  Yahya Awang  announced the takeover of IJN by the Ministry of Health from the Ministry of Finance. [ 1 ]


3°10′13″N   101°42′32″E  /  3.170197°N 101.708937°E  /  3.170197; 101.708937


The  Philippine Heart Center  is a hospital in  Central ,  Quezon City ,  Philippines , specializing in the treatment of heart ailments. It was established on February 14, 1975. [ 2 ] [ 3 ]


The Philippine Heart Center is a hospital specializing in the treatment of heart ailments. It has rooms for paying patients and charity patients [ 4 ]  and admits more than 14,000 patients every year, including 3,300 that undergo heart surgery. [ 5 ]  It holds regular training programs for medical professionals. [ 6 ]  It as one of the busiest congenital heart surgery centers in Asia, according to its website. [ 2 ]   It is currently headed by  cardiothoracic surgeon  Dr. Avenilo L. Aventura, Jr. [ 7 ] [ 8 ]


The Philippine Heart Center was established through  Presidential Decree No. 673  issued by  president   Ferdinand E. Marcos  on February 14, 1975. [ 3 ]  The building is identified with what is referred to as the Marcoses' " edifice complex ," [ 9 ] [ 10 ]  defined by architect Gerard Lico as "an obsession and compulsion to build edifices as a hallmark of greatness." [ 11 ]  The hospital was built using 50% of the national health budget, according to Senator  Jose W. Diokno , "while around the country, Filipinos were dying of curable illnesses like TB [tuberculosis], whooping cough, and dysentery." [ 12 ]


Its original name was the Philippine Heart Center for Asia and was changed to its current form in 1975. The first patient to be admitted to the PHC was Imelda Francisco, on April 14, 1975. [ citation needed ]


Cardiovascular  specialists including  Christiaan Barnard ,  Denton Cooley , Donald Effler, and  Charles Bailey  practised there. [ 13 ] [ 14 ]  The first Director of the PHC was  Avenilo P. Aventura (1974-1986), a cardiovascular  surgeon  who performed many pioneering  operations  in the Philippines including the first successful renal transplantation in 1970, the first CABG in 1972, and developed and implanted the first  ASEAN  bioprosthesis, the PHCA porcine valve. [ 15 ]


In 2014, the Philippine Heart Center was given a Qmentum International Gold Accreditation for August 2014 – 2017 by Accreditation Canada International for "excellence in hospital practices and safety. [ 16 ]


On June 13, 2024, Marcos, Jr. appointed Avenilo “Jun” L. Aventura Jr. M.D. as PHC's  Executive Director . [ 7 ]


The hospital building was designed by Filipino architect Jorge Ramos [ 17 ]  in what has been described as a  Brutalist  style. [ 18 ]  It was built in 1975 with a reported cost of almost US$50 million. [ 19 ] [ page needed ]  It was co-founded by Dr. Ludgerio D. Torres. [ 17 ]


The  Pulmonary Hypertension Association  ( PHA ) is a  501(c)(3)   nonprofit organization  that provides support, education, advocacy, and awareness association for  pulmonary hypertension .  It provides information to the public about the illness and acts as a support group for those with the disease, providing medical provider location services and emotional support for those suffering from the illness.


Singer  Chloe Temtchine , who suffers from  pulmonary venoocclusive disease  (PVOD), which accounts for a small number of pulmonary hypertension cases, wrote her song "Be Brave" shortly after she was released from a hospital's critical care unit, and donates 50% of sales proceeds to the PHA. [ 1 ]


Three female pulmonary hypertension patients came together in 1987 with the hope of reaching other pulmonary hypertension patients. The goal was to connect pulmonary hypertension patients with one another, help locate pulmonary hypertension specialists and centers, form support groups, and publish a newsletter about the pulmonary hypertension community. In 1990, the women started a mailing newsletter,  Pathlight , to about 100 people and a fourth woman soon connected with the three pulmonary hypertension patients; the United Patients Association for Pulmonary Hypertension was formed the same year. [ 2 ]  United Patients Association for Pulmonary Hypertension officially changed its name to the Pulmonary Hypertension Association (PHA) in 1997 and hired its first full-time staff member in 1999. The organization has grown to more than 16,000 members who include patients, family members, and medical professionals. [ 3 ]


The  Punjab Institute of Cardiology  (PIC), located in  Lahore ,  Pakistan , is a 547-bed tertiary care  hospital . Wither over 1500 staff members, the institute provides  cardiac care  service nationwide, treating more than 300,000 patients annually. [ 1 ]


In addition to its cardiac consultation services, the Punjab Institute of Cardiology offers a comprehensive range of medical services, including an Outpatient Department (OPD) and an array of advanced diagnostic services such as  Electrocardiograms  (ECG),  Exercise Tolerance Tests  (ETT),  Angiography ,  Angioplasty ,  Electrophysiology  studies, and  CT scans . These diagnostic tools play a pivotal role in the accurate assessment and management of cardiovascular diseases. [ 2 ]  - ECG, ETT,  Angiography ,  Angioplasty ,  Electrophysiology ,  CT Scan


The hospital offers outpatient services, advanced diagnostics, interventional and invasive cardiology, as well as  cardiac surgery . The hospital also provides fully equipped cardiac ambulatory services 24/7. Each year, more than 160,000 patients are examined in the OPD, with over 17,000 admissions. As the second largest cardiac centre in Pakistan, after NICVD Karachi, PIC performs 31,000  echocardiograms , 4,000  nuclear medicine  procedures, 16,000  angiograms , 3,500  angioplasties  (including 5,000  stents  placements), and 2,500 cardiac surgeries annually. [ 1 ]


Punjab Institute of Cardiology is also actively involved in research and postgraduate training in cardiology, cardiac surgery and anesthesia. It is the first  ISO  certified hospital in the government sector. [ citation needed ]


In 2015, the  College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan  selected the Punjab Institute of Cardiology for training in Electrophysiology and Interventional Cardiology. [ 3 ]


90% of patients at the Punjab Institute of Cardiology (PIC) receive free treatment; it is a government-funded hospital. [ 1 ]


An expanded emergency department is to open in March 2016 and was near completion in January 2016. This will help the hospital handle heavy workload better at the emergency department. [ 4 ]


An incident that occurred in January 2012 at this institution showed a problem with drug packaging. That month more than 100 heart patients died of overdoses from a particular drug that had inadequate labeling. Hundreds more patients suffered nonfatal adverse reactions from this drug. This problem, while bringing unwanted attention to the Punjab Institute of Cardiology, was not unique to that hospital system. [ 5 ] [ 6 ]


On 11 December 2019, in an unprecedented assault on a hospital led to death of 3 patients and injuries to several others.  However, the Young Doctors Association (YDA) of Pakistan reports for death of 12 patients during the attack at hospital. [ 7 ]  Reportedly a large number of lawyers started marching from Mall Road Lahore and gathered outside the Punjab Institute of Cardiology to protest against a mocking viral video. They closed the hospital's entrance and exit points, within no time their protest turned violent and remained catastrophic for hours. [ 8 ] [ 9 ]


Rabindranath Tagore International Institute of Cardiac Sciences  ( RTIICS ), also known as  Rabindranath Tagore Hospital , in  Mukundapur ,  Kolkata , West Bengal, India, is a multispeciality,  tertiary care  unit of  Narayana Health  group. It is a 681-bedded  NABH  accredited multi-super-speciality quaternary care hospital established in the year 2000. RTIICS has 16 fully equipped operation theatres, 4th Generation Da Vinci Robot, and four state-of-the-art Catheterisation laboratories with 24-hour emergency facilities. RTIICS provides services not only to the people of West Bengal and the neighbouring states in Eastern India and Northeastern India, it is a global healthcare hub catering to patients from countries such as Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal as well as African countries. It is equipped with clinical and technical expertise proven over time. The institute has set benchmarks in providing quaternary care services [ 1 ]  in Cardiac Surgery, Heart Transplants, LVAD, Interventional Cardiology, Pacemaker and Device Therapy, Electro Physiology and Preventive Cardiology. [ 2 ]


RTIICS is the group's main hospital in Eastern India, with a primary  catchment area  of Kolkata. The hospital also treats patients from neighbouring districts, North-Eastern states as well as from neighbouring countries and continents such as Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Africa and Myanmar. [ 3 ]


RTIICS, a unit of Asia Heart Foundation, was established in April 2000 by Dr.  Devi Prasad Shetty , founder and chairman of Narayana Health. Early in 2016, RTIICS announced the establishment of ‘Stride’, [ 4 ]  a clinical centre offering multidisciplinary care for  vascular diseases  and traumas. Apart from  vascular surgery , Stride is supported by an  endocrinologist ,  radiologist ,  physiotherapist , counselor and other specialists. [ 5 ]


It specialises in  cardiology ,  neurology ,  neurosurgery ,  nephrology  and  urology . [ 6 ]


Resuscitation Council UK  (RCUK) is a healthcare charity focused on resuscitation education and training for healthcare professionals and bystander  CPR  awareness for the public.


It is the United Kingdom body responsible for setting central standards for CPR and related disciplines. RCUK is a member of the European Resuscitation Council, [ 1 ]  which is part of the international standards body, the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). [ 2 ] [ 3 ]


Resuscitation Council UK was formed in 1983 by a group of medical professionals with a shared interest in research-based resuscitation methods and instruction. Its objective is to educate both the general public and health care professionals in the most effective resuscitation methods. [ 4 ]  RCUK's resuscitation guidelines [ 5 ]  and quality standards [ 6 ]  provide guidance for healthcare professionals regarding adult,  paediatric  and newborn resuscitation. The organisation has an established set of professional training courses that operate across the UK and train healthcare professionals in  immediate  and  advanced life support . [ 7 ]


In more recent years, Resuscitation Council UK has also been involved in various campaigns to support the public in learning CPR. RCUK leads the UK's effort on Restart a Heart Day, working with St John Ambulance, NHS Ambulance Services, British Heart Foundation, British Red Cross and the Saving Lives for Scotland to raise awareness of out-of-hospital  cardiac arrest  and encourage people to learn CPR skills. [ 8 ] [ 9 ]


RCUK also works to raise awareness of the importance of CPR decision-making, and has developed the Recommended Summary Plan for Emergency Care and Treatment (ReSPECT) Process, which has been adopted in numerous regions across the UK. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ]


Resuscitation Council UK aims to: [ 2 ]


The  Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance  ( SCMR ) is an international non-profit medical society based in  East Dundee , in the  United States . [ citation needed ]   It was established as international representative and advocate for   physicians ,  scientists , and  technologists  working in cardiovascular magnetic resonance ( CMR ) imaging.  It works to improve patient outcomes through education, training, standards, research and development. [ 1 ]  The society has published more than 40 professional guidelines and expert consensus statements to help standardize and guide education, research and patient management with CMR. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ]  The society's members are physicians, scientists, technologists and trainees. In 2018, it is led by Matthias Stuber.


The society was established in 1994. [ 5 ]   Its first president was  Gerald M. Pohost, elected in 1996.


In 1998, the organization began holding annual scientific meetings.  The meeting has grown to include a conference with about 1000 attendees. [ 6 ]  SCMR has organized joint scientific meetings with EACVI, as well as Joint Workshops with ISMRM.


The society has regional  working groups  and affiliates in Asia, Australia/New Zealand,  Canada , Europe, India, Latin America, [ citation needed ]  the Middle East, [ citation needed ]  and the United States. [ citation needed ]  The role of these working groups is to promote CMR in these regions. [ citation needed ]  There are also special interest groups focusing on Pediatrics/ Congenital  and Interventional CMR. [ citation needed ]


The Canadian Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, an independent chapter of SCMR, was established in 2005; in 2013 it published guidelines for the analysis and reporting of CMR studies. [ citation needed ]


The SCMR is governed by its officers, including the president, vice-president, secretary, vice-secretary, past-president, and the board of trustees. [ citation needed ]


The Society presents an annual award, The Gold Medal Award, for distinguished and extraordinary service to the field of CMR and to the Society. [ 7 ]   Recipients have been:


The society publishes an open access journal, the  Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance . [ 15 ]


SCMR has worked with other cardiovascular societies (e.g.  AHA ,  ACC ,  SCCT ,  ASE , ASNC) in establishing cardiovascular guidelines and appropriateness use criteria. [ 4 ] [ 16 ]  These guidelines and consensus statements are based on published research studies and expert opinions in the field to help improve cardiovascular patient care.  SCMR also joined the  Choosing Wisely  campaign in 2014 to reduce excessive testing. [ 17 ]


The society also provides online introductory training in Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. [ 18 ]


Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research (SJICR)  is a  tertiary care  autonomous healthcare institute run by the  Government of Karnataka , in  Bengaluru , with additional centers in  Mysuru  and  Kalaburagi . At the Bengaluru campus, it presently has 1150 in-patient beds for  cardiology ,  cardiothoracic surgery  and pediatric cardiology, spread over two twin eight story buildings and is considered one of the largest dedicated heart hospitals in Asia. This new building which was opened in 2001 and was built at a cost of US$17 million. [ 2 ]


The original building for SJICR was located in the campus of  Victoria Hospital , which is the main teaching hospital of the  Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute . The hospital moved to its new buildings at  Bannerghatta Road  in 2001. This building was built solely by the efforts of Dr. Prabudev and team. Dr. Prabudev was the first director of this institute. [ citation needed ]


SJICR campus in Bengaluru consist of twin eight story towers, with a separate facility for library and Cath labs. The emergency rooms are located in the basement with access from  Bannerghatta road [ 5 ]


The hospital caters to approximately 165,000 patients a year and both cardiology, cardio-thoracic and pediatric cardiology OPDs run Monday to Saturday from 9 am to 4 pm. The average patient volume per day is around 1000-1200 OPD visits.


There are more than 1150 in patient beds, spread over 8 floors of the two buildings most of them being in general wards and intensive care units and only a few in two private wards. It is considered to be the best cardiology set up in India and Asia and the super specialty training program is considered to be one of the best in India at par with AIIMS cardiology.


Expansion to other cities


The Kalaburagi campus was opened to public on 24 April 2016 and the Mysuru campus was opened to public on 24 February 2018.


SJIC has 4 cardiac intensive care units. In total, the cardiology ICU bed numbers around 100 and are well equipped with individual ventilators, touch panel monitors, infusion pumps, powered beds and all necessary ancillary medical equipment. [ citation needed ]


The echo lab is one of the busiest in the state with an average daily echo turnover of 160 trans-thoracic echo-cardiograms and 10 trans-esophageal echo-cardiograms. Each year around lakhs and lakhs echo is being done, the highest in India and Asia. [ citation needed ]


Average interventional cardiology workload ranges between 150 cases a day of which 700-800 cases per month are percutaneous coronary interventions, there are six Philips digital  Cath labs , of which one is the only swing  Cath lab  in the region, enabling large case volumes and more efficient patient care.one Cath lab is dedicated Esp. for electrophysiology and one for pediatric cardiology. SJICR interventional cardiology includes both adult and pediatric cardiology, and every form of interventional procedure, from primary  angioplasty , to  septal ablation   (Sigwart procedure)  is performed on a regular basis. It has the distinction of performing the highest number of percutaneous mitral valvulotomy procedures in the world for stenosis of the  mitral valve . Pediatric cardiology in SJIC performs all standard pediatric interventional procedures, including  percutaneous  closure for  Atrial septal defect ,  ventricular septal defect  and also the relatively rare procedure of percutaneous closure of peri membranous ventricular septal defects. The angioplasty work carried out in hospital is around 32000 per year the highest in India for a government set up. The institute boasts of the latest instruments and for most of the latest procedures in cardiology or Cath Lab, it is the pioneer in India.


SJIC is the only government centre in the state of Karnataka to run post doctoral courses in cardiology, cardio-thoracic surgery, paediatric cardiology and cardiac anaesthesia. There are presently 21 seats for Doctorate in Medicine (DM) Cardiology and Master Chirurgiae (MCh) Cardio-thoracic surgery and 8 seats for Cardiac Anaesthesia every year. These three-year courses are akin to the fellowship courses in cardiology and cardiothoracic surgery in other countries, and are entered to after a three year residency (MD/DNB) in either Medicine or Surgery, and are thus considered "Post Doctoral" courses or fellowships. These fellowships are much in demand partly since they are the only government sponsored courses in the state and also due to the high patient volume at SJIC which results in a higher degree of interventional experience after having completed the course, and, as such, are determined after an intensely contested all - India level examination conducted by the government of India. The patient load is one of the highest in India and so the choice of most of the post graduate doctorate trainees.


In 2008, the number of DM seats was increased to an unprecedented 21 per year and MCh seats to 12 per year, making it one of the largest Super-specialty training courses in India and Asia.


The present director is  Padma Shri  Professor  C. N. Manjunath , an academic and interventional cardiologist. Manjunath is reported to have been the innovator of a new method of balloon mitral valvuloplasty. His researches have been published in several articles and scientific papers published in peer reviewed national and international journals; PubMed, an online repository of medical data has listed 73 of his articles. He is known to have performed over 26,000 interventional procedures and is credited with the highest number of balloon mitral valvuloplasty using Accura balloon catheter in India. He is associated with Mallige Medical Centre, Bangalore as a consultant and is a member of the Indian Medical Association. He has also served as the president of the Indian College of Cardiology. The Government of Karnataka awarded him the Rajyotsava Prashasti in 1998 and he received the fourth highest Indian civilian honour of the Padma Shri in 2007. Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences (RGUHS) honoured him in 2012 with the degree of Doctor of Science (Honoris causa).


Surgeons of Hope  (SOH) is a  New York City -based  nonprofit organization  established in 2001. It deals with  heart defects  in children and the  related surgery .


Surgeons of Hope began its work [ when? ]  with pilot programs in  Cambodia ,  Mozambique ,  Senegal , and  Afghanistan . [ 1 ]  In 2008, it shifted focus to efforts in  Latin America .  In 2013, Surgeons of Hope opened the only pediatric heart center in Nicaragua. [ 2 ]  As of 2018, Surgeons of Hope has programs in  Nicaragua  and  Costa Rica . [ 1 ]


The  Tanzania Heart Institute  ( THI ) is a specialized cardiac clinic located in  Ada Estate  of  Kinondoni  Ward in  Kinondoni District  of  Dar es Salaam ,  Tanzania , managed by a non-profit organization. It is located in the northern part of the city, in the residential district of  Ada Estate .


It was founded by Dr. Ferdinand Masau. [ 1 ]  The institute was closed by the government in 2012.


This  Tanzania -related article is a  stub . You can help Wikipedia by  expanding it .


The Texas Heart Institute  is a not-for-profit cardiology and heart surgery center located within the  Texas Children's Hospital  and  St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital  at the  Texas Medical Center  in  Houston, Texas . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]  In 2010, in its annual survey of “America's Best Hospitals,”  U.S. News & World Report  ranked the Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital number 4 in the United States for heart care, making this its 20th consecutive year as one of the top 10 heart centers in the country. [ 4 ] [ 5 ]


29°42′29″N   95°23′58″W  /  29.7081°N 95.3994°W  /  29.7081; -95.3994


Tiny Tickers  is a  charitable  organisation [ 1 ]  in the United Kingdom that aims to improve the early detection, diagnosis, and care of babies with congenital heart disease through a combination of improving standards, providing specialised training and equipment, spreading awareness of congenital heart disease and supporting families.


Tiny Tickers charity was founded in 1999 by world-renowned fetal cardiologist Dr Helena Gardiner, when she realised many of the babies she was caring for could have been helped earlier.  She had experience of, and was concerned about, the low prenatal detection rate of  congenital heart disease (CHD).


1 in every 125 babies born in the UK has a serious heart condition, which is around one baby born every two hours fighting congenital heart disease (CHD). Tiny Tickers is the only UK charity dedicated to the early detection and care of those babies. Spotting a heart defect early improves a baby's chances of survival and long-term quality of life. 1,000 heart babies leave UK hospitals every year with no-one knowing they have a life-threatening heart condition, putting them in grave danger of going into heart failure.


Tiny Tickers trains sonographers to have the skills and confidence to detect heart defects at pregnancy scans. The antenatal detection rate of heart defects in the UK has more than doubled from 23% to 53.5% since they started their work (NICOR).


Tiny Tickers also places potentially life-saving pulse oximetry machines in maternity wards to further improve the early detection of CHD.


Pulse oximetry  testing helps to detect heart defects by measuring oxygen levels (oxygen saturation) in the blood. It uses a light sensor to assess the level of oxygen in the baby’s blood. Not every baby will be born displaying signs and symptoms and with this machine many more life-threatening defects can be detected.


At present, pulse oximetry testing is not a mandatory newborn test within  NHS  hospitals, and many maternity units do not have the means to introduce these life-saving machines. For these reasons, Tiny Tickers places pulse oximetry testing kits in maternity units across the UK which can then be used as part of standard newborn tests.


The charity teaches new parents and those working with babies to recognise the five key signs a baby may have an undiagnosed heart defect ( Think HEART ).


Another core part of the charity's work is supporting the families of babies with CHD. They provide detailed information, share CHD stories and connect heart parents through support group forums and peer support groups.


Tiny Tickers receives no government funding. The charity is entirely funded by the generosity of individuals and grant makers.


Tiny Tickers has featured in a number of high profile media campaigns, including a 2017  BBC Lifeline appeal  and a 2023  Global's Make Some Noise Appeal , where charity staff and supporters were interviewed on Heart Radio by  Amanda Holden  and  Jamie Theakston .


Uganda Heart Institute  (UHI) is a specialized, public, tertiary care medical facility owned by the  Uganda Ministry of Health . It is a component of  Mulago National Referral Hospital , the largest hospital in  Uganda , which serves as the teaching hospital of  Makerere University College of Health Sciences . [ 1 ]


The Institute is located on  Mulago Hill  in the northern part of the city of  Kampala . It sits within the  Mulago Hospital Complex , the teaching hospital of the  Makerere University College of Health Sciences . This location is approximately 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) north of the central business district of Kampala, the capital and largest city of Uganda. [ 2 ]  The coordinates of the Institute are 0°20'17.0"N, 32°34'31.0"E (Latitude:0.338056; Longitude:32.575278). [ 3 ]


Uganda Heart Institute (UHI) was established as an autonomous body by an Act of Parliament (The Uganda Heart Institute ACT, 2016). The Institute is now a provider of cardiovascular services and the only National Referral Facility for heart diseases in Uganda. Currently, UHI, using a modest investment and an enabling legal framework has trained cardiac specialists and installed a  cardiac catheterization laboratory  and  operating theatre , which have enabled them to conduct heart surgeries and interventions. [ 4 ]


Uganda Heart Institute handles over 20,000 patients annually. The Institute started carrying out Open Heart Surgery in 2007 and to-date; over 7000 heart operations have been performed. This in effect means the Uganda Heart Institute can handle over 95 percent of the adult cases and 85 percent of the cases among children in Uganda. This is in line with the  National Development Plan II  (NDP2) strategy of reducing referrals abroad to less than 5 percent. [ 4 ]


In order to improve access to heart care, UHI is developing capacity to operationalize regional centers in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and Regional Referral Hospitals. The Institute is partnering with various stakeholders including civil society, to promote health through advocating for a healthy lifestyle. The preventive programs are being addressed through a multi-sectoral approach with the Ministry of Health and other local and international partners. What Uganda Heart Institute needs now is more working space and lager operational budgets to enable it fulfill its mandate. [ 5 ]


In 1988, the  Uganda Heart Foundation , in collaboration with the  Uganda Ministry of Health ,  Makerere University  and  Mulago National Referral Hospital , started the  Uganda Heart Institute , using space provided on Ward 1C, in the New Mulago Hospital Complex. This resurrected plans to establish a specialized cardiac unit at Mulago, began in 1958, but were killed in 1972, with the expulsion of the Ugandan Asians by dictator  Idi Amin . [ 1 ]  Since 1988, the Institute has received valuable contribution from national and international donors including the  Rotary Club . [ 6 ]  Media reports indicate that of the 1.5 million children born every year in Uganda, about 15,000 have heart defects at birth (congenital heart abnormalities). Of those, about 8,000 children require corrective surgeries. Uganda's only heart institute has the capacity to perform only 1,000 heart operations annually. That leaves a backlog of 7,000 youngsters every year. [ 7 ]


Beginning in August 2015, the  Government of Uganda  had plans to break ground for a new 200 bed hospital to be named  Uganda Institute of Cardiothoracic Diseases , to replace the current Uganda Heart Institute. The new hospital will have three operating theatres, cardiac catheterization laboratories, an Intensive Care Unit, and research facilities. The construction will be funded by a US$64.9 million (UGX:169 billion) loan from the  Islamic Development Bank . It is anticipated that the Institute will seek financial autonomy to raise funds, hire staff, pay salaries, and procure supplies, independent of Mulago Hospital, similar to the autonomy enjoyed by the  Uganda Cancer Institute . [ 8 ] [ 9 ]


The  New Vision  newspaper, reported in November 2016, that Uganda Heart Institute had acquired land measuring 2.5 acres (10,000 m 2 ) along  Owen Road  in the  Mulago  neighborhood, where it was going to build its new headquarters. The new complex will consist of three towers: (a) the first tower will house the outpatient clinics and hospital beds, including an  intensive care unit  (b) the second tower will include research laboratories and conference rooms and (c) the third tower will house critical staff, such as research fellows, residents and biomedical engineers. Total cost for the entire project is budgeted at US$65 million, of which US$51 million is for construction and the US$14 million balance is for equipment. [ 10 ]


In April 2022,  Dr John Omagino , the Executive director of UHI disclosed that the institute had acquired 10 acres (4.0 ha) of land in the  Naguru – Nakawa  Government Complex. The institute plans to build a 250-bed hospital here, expandable to 1,000 beds over time. The new hospital is expected to save the government of Uganda an estimated US$73 million that is spent on treating high ranking government officials overseas annually. [ 11 ]


In July 2022, the UHI disclosed that a consortium comprising the  Saudi Fund for Development , the  OPEC Fund for International Development  and the  Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa  had agreed to lend US$75 million (UGX 285 billion) "for establishing a state-of-the-art heart surgery and treatment centre", at  Naguru , in Kampala. This new hospital will be capable of performing 5,000 heart surgeries annually, up from the current 1,000 performed in the limited space at Mulago. [ 12 ]  IN March 2024, the  New Vision  newspaper reported that total amount borrowed from the three  Middle Eastern  lenders totaled Ush223 billion (US$61 million in 2024 money). [ 13 ]


The plan calls for a 250- bed hospital in the first phase, expandable to 500 beds in the second phase and to 1,000 beds in the third phase. [ 5 ]  The construction of the new headquarters and hospital is budgeted at US$73 million. The table below illustrates the sources of finding for the project. [ 14 ]


The  engineering, procurement and construction  (EPC) contract was awarded to  Arab Contractors Uganda Limited  at a contract price of US$45.4 million. Two Chinese construction companies, who did not win the bid, complained to a government tribunal that adjudicates such disputes in the country. In Q3 2024, the tribunal ruled in favor of Arab Contractors. Construction is expected to begin in Q4 2024. [ 15 ]


On Monday 22 January 2018, an all-Ugandan team of 14 healthcare specialists performed the first  coronary artery bypass  surgery operation by an all Ugandan team, in the history of the heart institute. The successful 10-hour operation was billed at USh18 million (approx. US$5,000), compared to USh300 million (approx. US$83,000), if it were done in a private hospital in South Africa, a common destination for Ugandan patients with means. [ 16 ] [ 17 ]


In April 2018, a cohort of 11 patients with abnormal heart rhythms, underwent a procedure called  catheter ablation  using the  radiofrequency ablation  method. All eleven of the patients benefited and recovered well. This was the first time this type of procedure was performed in Uganda. [ 18 ]


As of August 2021 [update]  the following constituted the nine-member UHI board of Directors. [ 4 ]


The following cardiologists and cardiothoracic surgeons have served as the director of the Uganda Heart Institute since its foundation in 1988: [ 1 ]


United OneHeart Foundation  is a non-profit research and development organisation. Its stated mission is as a  non-profit  organisation to help people to improve the quality of life by fostering improvements in medicine with the aim of decreasing impact of  cardiovascular diseases  with focus on  India  and  South Asia .


The organisation focuses on health-related activities in the Indian state  Karnataka  while advocating to decrease the impact of heart diseases all over country mainly among children and youth.  It has centers in  Bangalore  and  Mangalore .


On the activities scale, the foundation work is uniquely global in its approach, concentrating on its work entirely on public health and medical education in the last decade, it aims mainly on cardiovascular disease management. Its focus is primarily on developing countries like India [ 1 ]  and on medical care for youths. [ 2 ]


United OneHeart Foundation  was envisioned in Bangalore, India in 1994 by  Rahul Shetty , at the time a University Medical Student.


The foundation aims to inform people around the world and tries to engage them in the global effort for health and development in developing countries. They advocate reducing the impact of heart diseases through the advancement of research and its application and the promotion of healthy and well balanced living. They partner regularly with other organizations like the  World Heart Federation  based in Geneva, Switzerland. It participates in  World Heart Day  activities every year.


The Foundation conducts regular Heart Disease screening activities in state of Karnataka, [ 3 ]  India to increase the awareness of cardiac disease and its potential impact and to detect heart diseases at an early stage. They also distribute  health related articles for the benefit of community to increase awareness about heart disease.


To enable high-quality learning resources and technologies accessible to students and teachers from low-income communities, it conducts research on making this a reality. To this aim it has contributed over half a million Indian rupees towards research and development efforts.


United OneHeart Foundation also fosters sustainable developments by producing innovations that improve practices of health and health education in cardiovascular disease management, it conducts research and development for new low cost medical technologies which aims to benefit communities in developing countries.


In October, 2006, the Foundation entered into a partnership with the  IBM Corporation  agreeing to encourage the community members to contribute their idle PC time to assist humanitarian research and focus on medical issues by joining  World Community Grid  Project.


The  University of Ottawa Heart Institute  (UOHI)  (French: Institut de cardiologie de l'Université d'Ottawa  (ICUO))  is Canada's largest  cardiovascular health  centre. It is located in  Ottawa ,  Ontario , Canada. It began as a department in  The Ottawa Hospital , and since has evolved into a complete cardiac centre, encompassing prevention, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, research, and education. [ 1 ]


UOHI cares for more than 60,000 cardiac patients each year, and patient satisfaction is among the highest in Ontario, averaging 87 percent. [ 2 ]  The Heart Institute is affiliated with the Ottawa Hospital and the  University of Ottawa , specifically the  Faculty of Medicine .


The institute also provides training to more than 100 physicians annually and runs an extensive cardiovascular research program, with 65 research faculty and research funding of approximately $65 million a year.


UOHI was founded in 1976 by Dr.  Wilbert Keon , with financial support from the Ontario Ministry of Education. Keon worked with numerous partners, including all of the hospitals in the region, the University of Ottawa, and the Ottawa Hospital Regional District Planning council, to ensure the vision of a world-renowned institute would unfold as planned. The first phase of the Heart Institute—the Cardiac Unit, as it was then known—officially opened on May 11, 1976.


UOHI is the sole, independent provider of specialized cardiovascular care for 14 hospitals within the Ottawa region, home to over 1 million people (9 percent of the population of Ontario), and serves more than 40 referral hospitals throughout the province.


In 2004, UOHI recruited Dr. Robert Roberts from  Baylor College of Medicine  to serve as President and Chief Executive Officer. Roberts, an internationally recognized investigator in the field of molecular genetics, was brought in to place a greater emphasis on research within the institute. Shortly afterwards, UOHI established the Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, the first such centre in Canada and one of only a handful worldwide dedicated to cardiovascular genetics.


In April 2014, former Heart Institute Chief of Cardiac Surgery  Dr. Thierry Mesana  took over as the third President and CEO of UOHI.


In April 2024, former Heart Institute Deputy Director General  Dr. Rob Beanlands  became the fourth President and CEO of UOHI.


The institute has been responsible for numerous ‘firsts’, including:


UOHI maintains a clinical staff of over 700, including physicians, nurses, technicians, and other health professionals. In addition to standard care, approximately 100 clinical trials are underway at the institute at any time.


More than 1,900 open-heart procedures at UOHI each year require anesthesia, including coronary artery bypass, valve replacement, heart transplant, pulmonary thromboendarterectomy, mechanical circulatory assist devices and others. Clinical anesthesia is also provided for a growing number and variety of pacemaker and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, percutaneous aortic valve, and arrhythmia procedures.


UOHI is a national centre for cardiac imaging. The institute employs all standard imaging modalities and evaluates experimental techniques and applications. UOHI also has the rare capability to develop and produce novel, short-lived nuclear tracers on site. The on-site cyclotron lets the institute produce many of its own medical isotopes, particularly for PET imaging. UOHI’s Nuclear Cardiology Program is the largest such clinical program in Canada.


UOHI's cardiac surgeons perform more than 1,900 open-heart procedures annually, and the institute is known for its reconstructive heart-valve surgery program. Dr. Pierre Voisine is the Chief of Cardiac Surgery. It has among the lowest mortality rates and largest patient volumes in North America, especially for high-risk patients. Surgical specialties include:


The Heart Institute is the provincial centre for pulmonary thromboendarterectomy.


The Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation program focuses its efforts in five areas: cardiac rehabilitation, prevention and wellness (for patient and public education), the Champlain Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Network, the Ottawa Model for Smoking Cessation [ 5 ]  (implemented in more than 200 medical institutions across Canada), and behavioral and risk modification research.


Approximately 60,000 patients a year visit UOHI’s cardiology clinics for testing and treatment of heart disorders. The Cardiology program operates a number of specialized clinics that address various conditions and risk factors for heart disease.


The institute's cardiologists conduct more than 12,000 non-surgical interventions annually.


The ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) Protocol, developed at UOHI, specifies that paramedic in Ottawa identify patients with a STEMI heart attack and transport them directly to the Institute. The program has cut mortality rates from heart attack in Ottawa by half. [ 6 ]


UOHI’s division of nursing manages or supports programs and units within the Heart Institute, including the cardiac catheterization and electrophysiology labs, the cardiac operating rooms, the cardiac surgery intensive care unit and the intensive cardiac care unit.


UOHI offers specialized cardiac nursing training and education in a number of areas, such as critical care, provincial programs in cardiac CT, cardiac PET, artificial hearts, and pulmonary thromboendarterectomy.


Since 2004, a concerted effort to grow research funding at UOHI has resulted in a 300 percent increase in total grant awards. The Institute has more than 65 research faculty and 130 research staff members whose work encompasses all aspects of cardiovascular medicine. Research programs include:


Heart Institute investigators:


UOHI trains physicians, nurses, technologists, technicians, and other health professionals, as well as graduate students and post-doctoral students in the life and biomedical sciences. The Heart Institute also provides continuing education and best practice training for health care professionals and institutions, and develops patient education tools and programs to facilitate and support self-management of cardiovascular risk factors.


The institute is certified by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada for residency and fellowship training in cardiac surgery, cardiology, and cardiac anesthesiology.


The  Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute  ( VCCRI ) is an Australian  non-profit   medical   research facility  that is dedicated to finding cures for  cardiovascular disease . With headquarters located in  Darlinghurst ,  New South Wales , the research hub is home to more than 20 research laboratories and the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute Innovation Centre. The institute's mission is "the relief of pain and suffering, and the promotion of well-being, through an understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of cardiovascular disease". Its key research is focused on the prevention and treatment of various  heart diseases , including  arrhythmia ,  cardiac arrest ,  cardiomyopathy ,  congenital heart disease ,  heart attack ,  heart failure ,  high cholesterol ,  obesity ,  spontaneous coronary artery dissection  (SCAD) and  stroke . [ 1 ]


The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute was founded in memory of pioneering  cardiac surgeon   Victor Chang   AC . [ 2 ]  Established on 14 February 1994, approximately three years after Chang's death, and opened by then  Prime Minister   Paul Keating , [ 3 ]  the institute has become a world-class research and research training facility. [ 4 ]


The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute was officially launched on 14 February 1994, by  Prime Minister Paul Keating , with  Kerry Packer  AC as patron, and  Professor Robert Graham  as executive director. The institute was originally founded under the auspices of the Sisters of Charity and St Vincent's Hospital. It was named in honour of  heart transplant  surgeon  Victor Chang , who died in  Sydney  under tragic circumstances on 4 July 1991. Dr Chang passionately believed in the ability for research to better the lives of many more than surgery ever could, saying "you can save hundreds of lives through surgery but you could save millions through medical research". On 27 February 1995, the institute was accredited as an independent research facility with  Neville Wran   AC ,  QC  as its inaugural chairman. [ 5 ] [ 6 ]


On 1 November 1996,  Diana, Princess of Wales  officially opened the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute's temporary premises in Darlinghurst at the  Garvan Institute of Medical Research , touring several heart research laboratories. The Princess attended the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute Royal Ball as the Guest of Honour on 31 October 1996. [ 7 ]   Following the death of Diana, the institute established the inaugural Princess' Lecture which was first delivered by Professor Sir  Magdi Yacoub  in 1998.


In 2000 Dr Victor Chang was voted Australian of the Century by the people of Australia. [ 8 ]


On 4 March 2005,  Crown Princess Mary of Denmark  was the guest of honour at the second Victor Chang Royal Ball. The Royal Ball aimed to raise funds to develop a purpose-built, world class research centre in honour of Victor Chang. With the help of  Atlantic Philanthropies , construction of the Lowy Packer Building [ 9 ]  commenced in August 2006 with a groundbreaking ceremony in Darlinghurst. The ten-storey Lowy Packer Building would become the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute's new home. Construction was completed in 2008 and on 3 September, the Lowy Packer Building was formally opened by Crown Princess Mary of Denmark. [ 10 ]  Crown Princess Mary also attended a dinner with  Crown Prince Frederik  held inside the new complex. Queen Mary is an Honorary Life Governor of the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute.


In 2008 former NSW Premier  Neville Wran  retired as chairman, becoming a patron of the institute.  Steven Lowy  AM took up the position. In 2013 Lowy stood down as chairman, leaving the board after six years as chairman and 19 years as a director of the institute. Matthew Grounds AM was appointed chairman of the board. In 2013, the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute established an additional research laboratory based at the  University of Western Australia . Led by Professor Livia Hool, the expansion marks the initial phase of the institute's plans to enhance cardiovascular research in  Western Australia . [ 11 ]


In 2019 the institute celebrated its 25th anniversary with a dinner at the  Sydney Opera House . In 2020 the founding executive director of the institute,  Professor Robert Graham  stepped down after 25 years, handing over the leadership to  Professor Jason Kovacic . [ 12 ]


In 2022 the institute and  The University of Western Australia  announced an official partnership. Along with the new strategic partnership, an additional Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute laboratory was opened at the university. [ 13 ]


The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute focuses on medical research, centered around;


The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, located within the purpose-built Lowy Packer Building, [ 9 ]  is a major partner in the St Vincent's Hospital Research Precinct in Darlinghurst, Sydney. Other partners in the precinct are the  Garvan Institute of Medical Research , the St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, and  St Vincent's Hospital  itself. [ 4 ]  The institute was funded by grants from the  Government of Australia  and a donation from Kerry Packer. [ 14 ]  The Lowy Packer Building was funded by the grants from the Government of Australia and the Government of New South Wales and donations from the  Atlantic Philanthropies , the  Lowy  and Packer families, the  National Australia Bank ,  ANZ Bank ,  Citigroup , and other donors. [ 4 ]  The budget for the building was A$80 m. [ 15 ]


The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute's laboratories in Western Australia are located on the grounds of  The University of Western Australia , which is approximately ten minutes from  Perth  CBD.


The VCCRI has state-of-the-art research laboratories and support facilities. The institute holds itself to the highest standards of excellence in research, research training and efforts to translate each new discovery into practical medical applications. [ 4 ]


The institute is governed by its board of directors, chaired by Matthew Grounds, an investment banker. [ 16 ] : 13


As of 31 December 2017 [update]  the institute had a team of over 300 research and support staff work across six research divisions, being: [ 16 ] : 12


In addition, the institute has a business unit responsible for administration and core facilities and another unit that drives fund development. [ 16 ] : 12


The Victor Chang Institute is also affiliated with the  University of New South Wales , accredited by Australia's  National Health and Medical Research Council  (NHMRC) as an independent biomedical research facility; and is a member of the Association of Australian Medical Research Institutes (AAMRI). The institute is also a Research Ministry within the Mary Aikenhead Ministries.


Acute cardiac unloading  is any maneuver, therapy, or intervention that decreases the power expenditure of the  ventricle  and limits the hemodynamic forces that lead to  ventricular remodeling  after insult or injury to the  heart . This technique is being investigated as a therapeutic to aid after damage has occurred to the heart, such as after a  heart attack . The theory behind this approach is that by simultaneously limiting the oxygen demand and maximizing oxygen delivery to the heart after damage has occurred, the heart is more fully able to recover. This is primarily achieved by using temporary minimally invasive mechanical circulatory support to supplant the pumping of blood by the heart. Using mechanical support  decreases the workload of the heart, or unloads it.


Cardiac traumas such as  myocardial infarction  (commonly called a heart attack),  myocarditis ,  peripartum cardiomyopathy ,  cardiogenic shock  , and  takotsubo cardiomyopathy  result in an impaired ability of the heart to pump blood. Without proper blood flow the person will ultimately die. Maintaining sufficient  cardiac output  is the primary objective of therapeutic approaches treating these cardiac conditions. However, many therapies aimed at increasing cardiac output place further stress on the heart. In this way a well-document vicious cycle begins in which increased cardiac output is required, but in order to achieve this the heart must work harder. This exacerbated stress leads to poorer outcomes. [ 1 ]  With the exception of  cardiopulmonary bypass , current therapeutic approaches do not allow the heart to rest and recover. The workload of the heart (pumping blood) is never uncoupled from heart function. Acute cardiac unloading is able to functionally uncouple [ 2 ]  the heart from cardiac output, allowing the heart to rest and recover from damage.


The pumping of blood is considered the workload of the heart and requires power expenditure. Acute cardiac unloading is any maneuver, therapy, or intervention that decreases the power expenditure of the ventricle while maintaining cardiac output. Oxygen consumption (MVO2) is a direct measure of the total energy requirements of the heart, including the energy needed to pump blood. [ 3 ]


Pressure-volume (PV) loop analysis  provides a framework for understanding how acute cardiac unloading reduces MVO2 in the heart. [ 4 ] [ 5 ]  The PV loop characterizes the events occurring during a single cardiac cycle (a single heartbeat). The total area bound by the PV loop is the mechanical energy ( pressure-volume work ) used to actively pump blood every beat, measured in mmHg·mL (aka, a  joule  ). This is known as the  stroke work (SW).  The remaining area bound by the  ESPVR  and  EDPVR  that is outside of the loop is the potential energy (PE) that resides in the  myofilaments  that was not transduced into the work of pumping blood. The sum of these two areas (PE + SW) is known as the pressure-volume area (PVA). PVA is a first order approximation of MVO2. [ 3 ]


Acute cardiac unloading decreases the workload of and the oxygen demand of the heart.  This can be visualized as an overall decrease in the PVA of the PV loop. [ 3 ] [ 2 ]  Mechanical unloading of the heart by a percutaneous ventricular support device such as the  Impella  device can achieve this in two ways. First, the device is a continuous flow device. It directly aspirates blood from the  ventricle  into the  aorta . This decreases the  preload  and results in a left-shift and loss of the normal isovolumic contraction line. [ 2 ]


Under conditions of mechanical support, mean aortic pressure (MAP) is maintained independent of native ventricular function, and ventricular and aortic pressures become uncoupled. [ 2 ]


When the heart is damaged by a  myocardial infarction  a portion of muscle is permanently lost. The heart has a limited innate  ability to replace dead muscle with new, functional muscle . [ 6 ]  The dead heart muscle is replaced by non-contractile fibrotic tissue, forming the  myocardial scar . Scar tissue does not contract, and it does not help the heart pump blood.  This persistently stresses the heart and increases the workload of the lasting myocardium as measured by MVO2. Clinical research indicates that as the size of the myocardial scar increases, so does the likelihood of the patient to develop heart failure. [ 7 ]   Acute cardiac unloading decreases cardiac MVO2 and has been demonstrated to limit the amount of scar tissue that forms, thus preserving heart function after a heart attack. [ 8 ] [ 9 ]


Cardiac catheterization  ( heart cath ) is the insertion of a  catheter  into a  chamber  or  vessel  of the  heart . This is done both for diagnostic and interventional purposes.


A common example of cardiac catheterization is  coronary catheterization  that involves catheterization of the  coronary arteries  for  coronary artery disease  and  myocardial infarctions  ("heart attacks"). Catheterization is most often performed in special laboratories with  fluoroscopy  and highly maneuverable tables. These "cath labs" are often equipped with cabinets of catheters,  stents ,  balloons , etc. of various sizes to increase efficiency. Monitors show the fluoroscopy imaging,  electrocardiogram  (ECG), pressure waves, and more.


Coronary angiography is a diagnostic procedure that allows visualization of the coronary vessels. Fluoroscopy is used to visualize the lumens of the arteries as a 2-D projection. Should these arteries show narrowing or blockage, then techniques exist to open these arteries.  Percutaneous coronary intervention  is a blanket term that involves the use of mechanical stents, balloons, etc. to increase blood flow to previously blocked (or occluded) vessels. [ citation needed ]


Measuring pressures in the heart is also an important aspect of catheterization. The catheters are fluid filled conduits that can transmit pressures to outside the body to  pressure transducers . This allows measuring pressure in any part of the heart that a catheter can be maneuvered into. [ citation needed ]


Measuring blood flow is also possible through several methods. Most commonly, flows are estimated using the  Fick principle  and thermodilution. These methods have drawbacks, but give invasive estimations of the cardiac output, which can be used to make clinical decisions (e.g.,  cardiogenic shock ,  heart failure ) to improve the person's condition. [ citation needed ]


Cardiac catheterization can be used as part of a therapeutic regimen to improve outcomes for survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. [ 1 ]