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redpajama_arxiv
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Introduction The main result of this paper demonstrates that the interpolation theorem fails in the intuitionistic logic of constant domains. This shows that two previously published proofs of the interpolation property are incorrect. The model theory for the intuitionistic logic of constant domains () was proposed...
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Introduction Multifield inflation models gathered a lot of attention recently, motivated by both top-down and bottom-up concerns. Many people suggested that slowroll inflation can happen at an environment where more than one fields are dynamically important, based on UV considerations like supersymmetry and some speci...
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Supplemental material In the following formulas we have followed the convention of using hats for many-body operators, e.g. U , and tildes for one-particle operators, e.g. . A many-body operator B can be obtained from a one-particle operator B as Exact Diagonalization Block diagonalization The Exact Diagonalization...
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Introduction Ground-based spectroscopic observations began at once with the launch of the CoRoT satellite. They involve several high-resolution \'echelle spectrographs: FEROS and HARPS at ESO-La Silla (Chile), FOCES at Calar Alto (Spain), SOPHIE at the Observatoire Haute Provence (France), FIES at NOT and HERMES at ...
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Introduction Early-type galaxies do not fill the full three dimensional space defined by size, central velocity dispersion and surface brightness (usually evaluated at the half light radius). Rather, they define a relatively thin manifold which has come to be called the Fundamental Plane (e.g. Djorgovski \& Davis ...
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Introduction We consider the fourth order nonlinear Schr\"odinger type equation (4NLS) on the torus T= R/2 Z : \ . where _t=/ t , _x=/ x , : R T C is an unknown function, and : T C is a given function. The nonlinear term N is given by N(,, , _x^2,_x^2) &=& _1||^2+_2||^4 +_3(_x)^2 +_4|_x|^2 & &+_5^2_x^2 ...
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Introduction In , Bruhn, Diestel, Kriesell, Pendavingh and Wollan introduced axioms for infinite matroids in terms of independent sets, bases, circuits, closure and (relative) rank. These axioms allow for duality of infinite matroids as known from finite matroid theory, which settled an old problem of Rado. U...
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Introduction Consider the Lane-Emden problem where >0, ^N is a bounded and smooth domain, N2, _pu:=div( u ^p-2 u) is the p -Laplacian operator with p>1, and 1<q<p^, with p^ denoting the Sobolev critical exponent defined by p^=Np/( N-p) , if 1<p<N, and p^=, if p N. If q=p , we have the p -Laplacian ...
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Introduction In evaluating the recently proposed parallel algorithm based on Strassen's matrix multiplication and comparing the communication costs to the known lower bounds , we found a gap between the upper and lower bounds for certain problem sizes. The main motivation of this work is to close this gap by tightenin...
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Euclid's theorem on the infinitude of primes Primes and the infinitude of primes A prime number (or briefly in the sequel, a prime) is an integer greater than 1 that is divisible only by 1 and itself. Starting from the beginning, prime numbers have always been around but the concepts and uniqueness w...
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Introduction Cataclysmic variables (CVs) are currently believed to be close binary systems at a late evolutionary stage (Warner 1995). As a rule, CVs consist of a more massive white dwarf (WD) (primary) and a less massive red dwarf (secondary). The secondary overfills its Roche lobe, causing mass transfer to the prima...
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Introduction The study of the quark-mass dependence of hadron masses is of great importance to unravel the intricate QCD dynamics at low energies. It provides a bridge between effective field theory approaches and lattice simulations. By now, various unquenched three flavor simulations for the pion-mass dependence of ...
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Introduction Extragalactic jets have been observed on many physical scales and they often extend to distances of hundreds of kiloparsec from the nucleus . Although radio jets have been known for several decades, only the Chandra X-ray Observatory observations have revealed their X-ray emission on large scales [see f...
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Introduction The numerical methods for solid state physics span a wide range of techniques which aim to provide approximate solutions to the problem of many body interactions in correlated systems; the exact solution being unknown. Between these techniques some of the most notables are: the DMF theory, which uses ...
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Introduction For k,l N a graph or multigraph G=(V,E) is (k,l) -tight if |E|=k|V|-l and for every subgraph G'=(V',E') |E'| k|V'|-l . It is well known that the edge sets of such multigraphs induce matroids when l<2k , , we denote these matroids as M(k,l) . These graphs can be decomposed into unions of trees and map g...
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Introduction The ring of symmetric functions and the ring of quasisymmetric functions both play important roles in algebra and combinatorics. Much of the combinatorial richness arising from these rings stems from their various distinguished bases and the relationships between these bases. The goal of this paper is to ...
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Introduction Faddeev calculations of nucleon-deuteron (Nd) scattering with a three-nucleon force (3NF) have been performed for many years. Modern nucleon-nucleon potential stem from the chiral effective field theory. This theory gives us also various 3NFs but for many years numerous calculations were performed wi...
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Preface This text has resulted from our participation in the XXXth Workshop on Geometric Methods in Physics held in Biaowie\.za in summer 2011. Part of this conference was a special Berezin Memorial Session: Representations, Quantization and Supergeometry. F. A. Berezin, who died untimely in 1980 in a water accident ...
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Introduction Bille and Grtz recently introduced the problem of substring range reporting, for which we are asked to store compactly a string S of n characters with integer labels in [0, u] , such that later, given an interval [a, b] and a pattern P of length m , we can quickly report the occurrences of P whose firs...
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Introduction footnotefootnote0 Recently, much attention has been devoted to the study of a non--supersymmetric background (first described by Kachru, Pearson and Verlinde ) obtained by adding p anti--D3 branes to the Klebanov--Strassler solution . This configuration is expected to be metastable and to describe a me...
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Introduction: Types, Compositionality, and Termination While basic types like integer, floating-point number, and memory address arise on the machine-level of most current computers, higher types like function and tuple types are abstractions that classify values. Higher types serve to guarantee certain good program b...
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Effective medium model The MEMM is based upon two approximations. The first approximation is to consider the rough layer as an effective medium whose optical properties result from the mixing of voids (vacuum or air) and the material comprising the solid. This effective medium approximation (EMA) has been used suc...
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Introduction An edge-colored graph is rainbow if all its edges have distinct colors. The rainbow Tur\'an problem, first introduced by Keevash, Mubayi, Sudakov and Verstra\"ete , asks the following question: given a fixed graph H , what is the maximum number of edges in a properly edge-colored graph G on n vertic...
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Introduction Electronic transport through molecular nanojunctions exhibits many important new features in comparison with conduction through macroscopic systems such as bulk or thin layers of semi-conducting molecular crystals as used in conventional molecular electronics. In particular, local interactions, such as C...
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Witnessing infinite-dimensionality? Standard quantum field theory posits that the state space of a quantum field---i.e., Fock space---is a Hilbert space of countably infinite dimension. On the other hand, modern quantum information theory concerns itself mostly with state spaces of finite dimension. One reason for thi...
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Pure Non-Abelian Zeta Functions Non-Abelian zeta functions for function fields were introduced in [W1] about 10 years ago. However, due to the lack of the Riemann Hypothesis, we have faced some essential difficulties. Recently, with an old paper of Drinfeld ([D]) on counting rank two cuspidal Q_l -representations f...
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Introduction: Inventory Pooling Problem In this paper, we study the inventory pooling problem using the classic newsvendor framework. The newsvendor problem occurs when for a given item, the inventory level is decided before the realization of its demand. Therefore the optimal inventory level needs to be decided based...
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Introduction In 1965, Serre proved the following theorem about intersection multiplicities: Let A be a regular local ring either containing a field or unramified over a discrete valuation ring, and let M and N be finitely generated A -modules with l(M N) < . Then, writing (M, N) = _i=0^ A (-1)^i l(_i(M, N)), we hav...
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Introduction String theory is most often cited as the best candidate for the big TOE, the all encompassing theory of everything. Although there are many physicists who are quite outspoken sceptics of that claim, I think nobody can refute the fact that string theory is a veritable theory of everything in a slightly dif...
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The ANTARES Neutrino Telescope Several astrophysical objects both Galactic and extra-galactic have been proposed as sites of acceleration of protons and nuclei, but no conclusive experimental evidence has been obtained yet. The decays of mesons produced by the interactions of protons and nuclei with matter or ...
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Introduction Starting in 1998 a new optimization theory called the ``triality theory'' has been the object of intense studies (see e.g. and the references within) while numerous applications of this theory have been published in prestigious journals throughout the literature. This triality theory promises fr...
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Introduction In this paper we show that the renormalized mass of the electron, taking into account radiative corrections due to its interaction with the quantized electromagnetic field, and the kinematic mass appearing in its response to a slowly varying external potential force are identical. Our analysis is carried ...
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Introduction Conductance measurements through molecular junctions have been at the forefront of nanoscale research for over a decade . This work is motivated by the potential for fabrication of molecular-based electronic circuit elements and, perhaps more so, discrepancies in the experimentally and theoretically repor...
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Introduction It was 46 years ago that Arnold discovered an amazing link between Euler's equation for incompressible non-viscous fluid flow and geodesics in the group of volume preserving diffeomorphisms SDiff( R^n) under the L^2 -metric . One goal in this paper is to extend his ideas to a large class of Riemannian ...
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Introduction Maxwell's equations for electromagnetic waves in Kerr nonlinear dielectric materials read for the electric field\/ , magnetic field\/ , the electric displacement field\/ with the constitutive relations E:constit_rel-1 &= _0 (n^2+_NL), _NL,i &= _j,l,m=1^3 _ijlm^(3)_j_l_m i=1,2,3. _0, _...
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Introduction Green or energy efficient wireless communications have drawn increasing attention these days. This is because of not only the exponential traffic growth with the popularity of smart phones but also the limited energy source with ever higher prices. In order to achieve the most efficient energy usage ...
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Introduction Virtual knot theory was proposed by Louis H. Kauffman in [2]. Classical knot theory studies the embeddings of circles in thickened S^2 , as a generalization of classical knot theory, virtual knot theory studies the stabilized embeddings of circles in thickened surfaces of arbitrary genus. Another motiva...
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Introduction The most generic theory propagating a massless spin-2 and a scalar degree of freedom is not General Relativity minimally coupled to a scalar field (GRM). Indeed, Horndeski proved that tensor-scalar theories with only second order differential equations are not restricted to GRM. Up to quadratic terms i...
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Introduction Disordered plasmonic films obtained by evaporating noble metals on a substrate are known to exhibit unusual optical properties . Close to the percolation threshold, metallic clusters with fractal perimeters leads to the emergence of subwavelength areas supporting enhanced electric field, commonly called ...
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Introduction In magnetic cataclysmic binaries, the magnetic field of the white dwarf is strong enough to channel the accreting matter along the field lines from the magnetosphere. Material thus falls down close to the polar caps, along an accretion column or curtain. Two main categories are distinguished: the syn...
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Introduction The Lambda Cold Dark Matter model ( CDM) is the standard tool describing the evolution of the universe . Quantum fluctuations in the primordial energy distribution develop into the condensing matter and trigger gravitational instabilities. Dark matter clumps in filaments and protohaloes, and subsequently ...
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#1 #1 [1] #1 #1 [1] [2]#1#2 [2] d#1 d#2 [2] d^2#1 d#2^2 Tr Tr [1] 10^#1 RR DD BB BB AA KK CC LL MM ZZ PP QQ NN [1]#1 [1]||#1|| [1]Arg #1 L L_- hh [1]#1 [1]cov(#1) optcovoptcov N_regionsN_regions T_REPT_REP divdiv k_k_ gram\_schmidt gram\_schmidt infarn\_exp infarn\_exp [2]atan #1#2 prop[theorem]Propositio...
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Introduction Colloidal dispersions consist of particles of mesoscopic size dispersed in a fluid solvent, a definition that embraces a huge variety of natural and synthetic substances. Milk, blood, viruses, paints, cosmetics and even radioactive waste are all colloidal, in that they are made up of some continuous backg...
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Introduction There are a number of exciting areas of astrophysical research that could benefit from accurate, precise, high time- or angular-resolution photometry in crowded fields. For instance, the search for Earth-mass exoplanets in gravitational microlensing events calls for photometry with a precision of order 1-...
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Introduction Symmetry is a general phenomenon in the natural world, but it is widely used in the study of mathematics and mechanics. The reduction theory for mechanical system with symmetry has its origin in the classical work of Euler, Lagrange, Hamilton, Jacobi, Routh, Liouville and Poincar\'e and its modern...
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Introduction It has been realized since the pioneering work of that supermassive black holes (SMBHs) located at the centers of galaxies assemble their mass predominantly through accretion, an inference that has been further reinforced from considerations of the cosmic X-ray background (). However, how SMBHs are fu...
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Introduction According to observations, the observable universe experiences an accelerating expansion at late times . There are two major ways to explain such a behavior, apart from the simple consideration of a cosmological constant. The first is to modify the gravitational sector itself (see for a review an...
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Introduction The issue of cooperation among firms in oligopolistic markets constantly attracts the interest of economists. Traditionally, the majority of works that analyze this issue is based on non-cooperative games, as agreements among firms are often non-enforceable by any outside entity, such as a court. If howev...
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Introduction Clusters of galaxies are filled with hot and tenuous plasma, the intracluster medium (ICM), the detailed properties of which governs such important physics as heat and momentum transport, magnetogenesis, and thermodynamic stability. These properties are complicated by the fact that the ICM is only weakly ...
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Introduction When studying invariant polynomials of matroids, much attention is given to the Tutte polynomial. Much of other polynomials associated to graphs, arrangements, linear codes and matroids turn out to be an evaluation of the Tutte polynomial, or define the Tutte polynomial. Sometimes the polynomials and the ...
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Introduction The solar magnetic cycle is now very well observed. On the Sun, the distribution of solar spots is known to vary over an 11-year cycle. The latitudes at which spots emerge as a function of time gives rise to the well-known ``butterfly diagram". This diagram shows that at the beginning of a solar cycle the...
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Introduction ^a Departament de F\'sica Fonamental, Facultat de F\'sica, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. E-mail: gfranzese@ub.edu ^b Center for BioNano Interactions (CBNI), University College of Dublin, Ireland. E-mail: Kenneth.A.Dawson@cbni.ucd.ie When nanoparticles are in contact ...
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Introduction Let be the standard symplectic form = _j=1^n dp_j dq_j on ^2n , the standard Euclidean space endowed with coordinates (p_1,q_1,,p_n,q_n) . The nonsqueezing theorem of Gromov states that no symplectic diffeomorphism (i.e.\ diffeomorphism which preserves ) can map the 2n -dimensional ball B_R of radius...
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Preface roman These notes were used in a short graduate course on branching processes the author gave in Beijing Normal University. The following main topics are covered: scaling limits of Galton--Watson processes, continuous-state branching processes, extinction probabilities, conditional limit theo...
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Introduction The correlation functions of a full rational conformal field theory are strongly constrained by consistency requirements: the locality, modular invariance and factorization (or sewing) constraints. Indeed, as has been shown in , for any solution to the sewing constraints (with nondegenerate closed ...
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Introduction Core-collapse supernovae (SNe) are triggered by massive stars at the end of their lives. Thanks to the high luminosity, SNe can be detected in distant galaxies. By measuring the cosmic occurrence rate of core-collapse SNe, one can study the overall formation rate of the massive star population through...
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Introduction This small note grows out of our efforts to understand the spectacular work of Ogus-Vologodsky (see for the logarithmic analogue) on the nonabelian Hodge theory in characteristic p . Let k be an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic p , and X a smooth variety over k which admits a W...
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Introduction The study of non-Markovian quantum open system attracts increasing attention nowadays. There are two reasons for the interest. On the one hand, the popular Markovian approximation which neglects the memory effects of the environment is not sufficient for the recent progress in many fields, such as qu...
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Introduction A unicellular map is a connected graph embedded in a surface in such a way that the complement of the graph is a topological disk. These objects have appeared frequently in combinatorics in the last forty years, in relation with the general theory of map enumeration, but also with the representation theor...
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Introduction Wind represents one of the most popular renewable energy. Through wind turbines it is possible to transform kinetic energy of the wind into electrical energy that we use, daily, in our applications. The rotor of the wind turbines captures the kinetic energy of the mass of air that transient into its area,...
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Supplementary Material Figure shows the equilibration data of the magnetic Binder cumulant, using the stochastic series expansion (SSE) quantum Monte Carlo with parallel tempering (PT), near the ferromagnetic transition for L=6 . Each data point is obtained by first equilibrating for a given number of sweeps ( N_ sw) ...
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Introduction In static analysis of databases as in software verification, we frequently find the need of reasoning with infinite alphabets. In program verification one may need to decide statically whether a program satisfies some given specification; and the necessity of dealing with infinite alphabets can arise from...
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Introduction Large dimensional random matrices are of much interest in statistics, where they play a role in multivariate analysis. In his seminal paper, Wigner proved that the spectral measure of a wide class of symmetric random matrices of dimension N converges, as N , to the semicircle law. Much work has since been...
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Introduction Magnetohydrodynamic turbulence constitutes one of the most important unresolved problems in classical physics. Magnetohydrodynamics provides the simplest theoretical framework in which we can develop our understanding of magnetised plasma turbulence, which itself forms the foundation for a vast array of a...
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Introduction The most important rule of power systems is that demand and generation should be balanced at all times. In order to fit into the secure operational framework of today's power grid, generators need to be able to forecast and control their output power for the next day and commit to generating the amount of...
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Introduction In the Fedosov formalism of deformation quantization of endomorphism bundle has been considered as a tool for building geometric noncommutative field theories. Roughly speaking, the main result of states that the theory of Seiberg-Witten map is (more or less) equivalent to a deformation quantization of en...
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Introduction Interaction effects are expected to be important for the physics of bilayer graphene and may cause a formation of correlated many-body phases. This needs to be contrasted to intrinsic monolayer graphene in which a vanishing density of states at the Dirac points suppresses the influence of electronic corre...
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Main Result Introduction In cryptography, the cipher of a cryptosystem sometimes can be transformed into a system of equations. Solving a set of multivariate polynomial equations (nonlinear and randomly chosen) over a finite field is an NP-hard problem . Based on which, Albrecht et al. constructed a Polly...
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Introduction In 1993, Betke, Henk, and Wills conjectured that the lattice-point enumerator of 0 -symmetric convex bodies accepts a similar upper bound as its volume, which is described by Minkowski's second theorem on successive minima, namely where K^d is a convex body, symmetric about the origin, a lattice, T the ...
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Introduction Solitary waves and solitons (i.e., solitary waves whose shape and speed remain unchanged even after collisions) are encountered in systems as diverse as classical water waves , magnetic materials , fiber-optic communication , and Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) . Rooted in the nonlinearity of the system...
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Introduction The light curves of Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) can be interpreted to give remarkably accurate distances to galaxies out to redshifts of order unity . The useful reach of SNIa extends well beyond the domain of suspected velocity perturbations to the cosmic expansion so provides the best means currently avai...
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Introduction Chemotaxis denotes the directed movement of a cell species towards the gradient of a chemical. It is an important mechanism in biology and was discovered, for instance, in the context of stem cells and neurons. For the biological background on chemotaxis we refer to . Chemotactic behaviour can be modelled...
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Introduction Let M^n be an oriented closed n -manifold, and :TM^n E a homomorphism between the tangent bundle TM^n and an oriented vector bundle E of rank n on M^n . Suppose that allows only generic corank one singularities, namely it has only A_k -singularities. When n=2m is an even number, the Euler characteri...
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Introduction An interface between two nonlinear periodic media in the n- dimensional nonlinear Schr\"odinger model can act as a waveguide so that localized solutions, so called surface gap solitons (SGS), exist as shown analytically in . Experimentally such waveguiding has been demonstrated in nonlinear photonic c...
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Introduction Very massive stars are of considerable astrophysical interest given their role in driving galactic evolution via the copious production of ionising radiation and the deposition of chemically processed material and mechanical energy into the interstellar medium. They are thought to be the progenitors of Ty...
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Introduction Observations of Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) , cosmic microwave background (CMB) and large scale structure (LSS) have complementarily established the present acceleration of the universe expansion. Within the framework of the general relativity, a consistent picture has indicated that nearly three quar...
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Introduction Isogenies play a crucial role in the theory and application of elliptic curves. A standard method for identifying (and computing) isogenies uses the classical modular polynomial _[X,Y] , which parameterizes pairs of -isogenous elliptic curves in terms of their j -invariants. More precisely, over a field F...
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Introduction Let (X,d) be a metric space, and consider a subset T=\t_:\ of X that is parametrized by a bounded subset of R^d . Roughly speaking, we are interested in the following question: can T be viewed as a finite-dimensional subset of X ? It is certainly tempting to think so, as the parameter set is finite...
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Introduction Almost eighty years after the proposal by Baade \& Zwicky that (core-collapse) supernovae represent the transition of an ordinary massive star into a neutron star , we still lack a complete understanding of this phenomenon. In particular, we do not know with certitude how the supernova mechanism operates ...
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Introduction Statistically reasonable models of social and economic systems, first of all stochastic and agent-based, are of great interest for a wide scientific community of interdisciplinary researchers dealing with diversity of complex systems . Computer modeling is one of the key aspects of modern science, be it p...
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Introduction In this paper we compare two mathematical constructions applied to modal algebras. The first is the MacNeille completion, which is an order-theoretic generalization of the construction of the reals from the rationals using Dedekind cuts . It has been applied in logic to e.g. prove the completeness of pred...
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Introduction We introduce a new set of problems centered on pattern matching in multiple streaming texts. In this model, one symbol arrives at a time and is added to the tail of exactly one of s streaming texts. The task at each time step is to report if there is a new match between a fixed pattern P of length m and ...
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Introduction The idea that the Universe is homogeneous, isotropic and that space-time is Lorentz invariant are important pillars of theoretical physics. Whereas the cosmological principal assumes the Universe to be homogeneous and isotropic, Lorentz invariance is required to be a symmetry of any relativistic quantum f...
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Introduction Macdonald superpolynomials and related positivity conjectures A candidate for the superspace extension of the Macdonald polynomials -- Macdonald superpolynomials for short -- has been obtained in . Such an extension involves the anticommuting variables _1,_2, (with _i^2=0 ) as well as the usual commuti...
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Introduction intro Quasi-local twisted TBA quasi Hierarchy of B\"acklund transformations and analyticity strips Backlund NLIE variables and functional equations NLIEfun Asymptotic solution of the B\"acklund hierarchy ASY The horizontal SU (2) problem horizont ...
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Introduction In process theory it has become a standard practice to describe behavioural semantics in terms of equivalences or preorders. A wealth of such relations has been classified by van Glabbeek in his linear time/branching time spectrum . Branching-time behavioural semantics are often defined as largest fixed p...
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Introduction Probabilistic data analysis---including Bayesian inference---has transformed scientific research in the past decade. Many of the most significant gains have come from numerical methods for approximate inference, especially Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). For example, many problems in cosmology and astrop...
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Introduction Recently, the topological Abelian BF theory coupled to external fields has attracted attention as an effective description of topological insulators in 3D and 4D . This topological theory can be seen as a long distance limit of the Maxwell-BF (MBF) theory. The MBF model generalizes for arbitrary dim...
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Introduction The prevalence of large black holes at the centers of galaxies [e.g.,][]richstoneetal98 and their role as the central engines of active galactic nuclei [AGNs; e.g.,][]rees84 has been well appreciated. The possibility of co\"evolution of black holes and their host galaxies, particularly through self-regula...
10,530
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redpajama_arxiv
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Introduction Shapley's model of finite stochastic games is a classical model of game theory describing two-player zero-sum games of (potentially) infinite duration. Such a game is given by a finite set of positions 1, , N , with a m_k n_k reward matrix (a_ij^k) associated to each position k , and an m_k n_k ...
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redpajama_arxiv
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Introduction Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) providers like Amazon , Rackspace and Go-grid provide computing and other services on demand and charge based on usage. This has resulted in the commoditization of computing and storage. Typically, these providers provide service level agreements (SLA) where they guara...
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redpajama_arxiv
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Introduction Many programming or logical languages allow constructions which bind variables and this higher-order feature causes much trouble in the formulation, the understanding and the formalization of the theory of these languages. For instance, there is no universally accepted discipline for such formalizations: ...
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redpajama_arxiv
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Introduction Service-oriented architecture in WSNs makes it possible to rapidly develop new applications. In a service-oriented WSN, a typical application requires several different services, e.g., data aggregation, data processing, decoding, which are provided by service providers that are also sensors. The ta...
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redpajama_arxiv
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Introduction Let _+ denote the set of (strictly) positive natural numbers. For m_+ , ^m , and x^m , let x_i denote component i of x , let ! = _1!_m! , n = (n_1,,n_m) , x^ = x_1^_1 x_m^_m , and ^ = _1^_1 _m^_m , where _j is partial differentiation with respect to coordinate j . For a domain ^m (an open connected s...
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redpajama_arxiv
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INTRODUCTION Hawking and showed in their seminal works that a black hole (BH) should slowly radiate away energy with its characteristic temperature and entropy. But the semi-classical picture of the Hawking radiation has a thermal nature, which poses a fundamental physical problem. Because, when the material e...
4,340
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redpajama_arxiv
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Introduction Let X be a smooth complex projective variety and _X(1) be an ample invertible sheaf on X . We consider the moduli of (isomorphism classes of) complexes of sheaves on X , or equivalently moduli of Q -sheaves over X where Q is the quiver arrow arrow arrow arrow arrow arrow arrow arrow with relations impos...
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redpajama_arxiv
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Introduction The study of minor-closed classes of graphs has a long history, starting with Wagner's characterization of planar graphs as those graphs with no K_5 or K_3,3 minor, and Hall's study of the minor-closed class that arises by excluding K_3,3 . Numerous authors have studied minor-closed classes of graphs d...
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redpajama_arxiv
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Introduction DDSCAT is a software package to calculate scattering and absorption of electromagnetic waves by targets with arbitrary geometries using the ``discrete dipole approximation'' (DDA). In this approximation the target is replaced by an array of point dipoles (or, more precisely, polarizable points); the elect...
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redpajama_arxiv
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Introduction Let A denote the class of functions of the form which are analytic in the unit disc U:=\z:|z|<1\. Further let S denote the subclass of A consisting of univalent functions. Assume that is an analytic function with positive real part in the unit disc U with (0)=1 and '(0)>0 , which maps the unit d...
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redpajama_arxiv
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Introduction Graphene is a monolayer of one atom thick with fascinating carrier transport properties. Especially, its high current density and high carrier mobility of 44000 cm^2V^-1s^-1 . But attempts to utilize these unique properties in graphene devices is posing some difficulties. The limitation is probably due ...
2,728
academic