File size: 38,540 Bytes
6648d93 | 1 2 3 | {"repo_name": "kristos", "file_name": "/kristos/src/shell.zig", "inference_info": {"prefix_code": "comptime {\n @export(start, .{ .name = \"start\", .section = \".text.start\" });\n}\n\nconst stack_top = @extern([*]u8, .{ .name = \"__stack_top\" });\n\nconst common = @import(\"common.zig\");\n\nfn start() callconv(.Naked) void {\n asm volatile (\n \\\\mv sp, %[stack_top]\n \\\\call %[shell] \n :\n : [stack_top] \"r\" (stack_top),\n [shell] \"X\" (&shell),\n );\n}\n\n", "suffix_code": "\n", "middle_code": "fn shell() !void {\n common.print(\"hello from shell.zig! (press 'q' to exit the process)\\n\", .{});\n while (true) {\n const c = common.readByte();\n common.print(\"read: '{c}'\\n\", .{c});\n if (c == 'q') {\n common.print(\"exting...\\n\", .{});\n common.exit(42);\n }\n }\n}", "code_description": null, "fill_type": "FUNCTION_TYPE", "language_type": "zig", "sub_task_type": null}, "context_code": [["/kristos/src/kernel.zig", "const shell = @embedFile(\"shell.bin\");\nconst std = @import(\"std\");\nconst common = @import(\"common.zig\");\n\nconst kernel_base = @extern([*]u8, .{ .name = \"__kernel_base\" });\nconst bss = @extern([*]u8, .{ .name = \"__bss\" });\nconst bss_end = @extern([*]u8, .{ .name = \"__bss_end\" });\nconst stack_top = @extern([*]u8, .{ .name = \"__stack_top\" });\n\nconst ram_start = @extern([*]u8, .{ .name = \"__free_ram\" });\nconst ram_end = @extern([*]u8, .{ .name = \"__free_ram_end\" });\n\nconst page_size = 4096;\nvar used_mem: usize = 0;\nfn allocPages(pages: usize) []u8 {\n const ram = ram_start[0 .. @intFromPtr(ram_end) - @intFromPtr(ram_start)];\n const alloc_size = pages * page_size;\n\n if (used_mem + alloc_size > ram.len) {\n @panic(\"out of memory\");\n }\n\n const result = ram[used_mem..][0..alloc_size];\n used_mem += alloc_size;\n\n @memset(result, 0);\n\n return result;\n}\n\nconst user_base = 0x1000000;\nconst Process = struct {\n pid: usize = 0,\n state: enum { unused, runnable, exited } = .unused,\n sp: *usize = undefined, // stack pointer\n page_table: [*]PageEntry = undefined,\n stack: [1024]u8 align(4) = undefined,\n};\n\nvar procs = [_]Process{.{}} ** 8;\n\nexport fn user_entry() callconv(.Naked) void {\n const sstatus_spie: u32 = 1 << 5;\n asm volatile (\n \\\\csrw sepc, %[sepc]\n \\\\csrw sstatus, %[sstatus]\n \\\\sret\n :\n : [sepc] \"r\" (user_base),\n [sstatus] \"r\" (sstatus_spie),\n );\n}\n\nfn createProcess(image: []const u8) *Process {\n const p = for (&procs, 0..) |*p, i| {\n if (p.state == .unused) {\n p.pid = i;\n break p;\n }\n } else @panic(\"too many processes!\");\n\n const regs: []usize = blk: {\n const ptr: [*]usize = @alignCast(@ptrCast(&p.stack));\n break :blk ptr[0 .. p.stack.len / @sizeOf(usize)];\n };\n\n const sp = regs[regs.len - 13 ..];\n sp[0] = @intFromPtr(&user_entry);\n\n std.debug.assert(sp.len == 13);\n\n for (sp[1..]) |*reg| {\n reg.* = 0;\n }\n\n p.page_table = @alignCast(@ptrCast(allocPages(1)));\n\n const pages_count = @divFloor((@intFromPtr(ram_end) - @intFromPtr(kernel_base)), page_size);\n const pages: [*][page_size]u8 = @ptrCast(kernel_base);\n\n for (pages[0..pages_count]) |*paddr| {\n const flags: PageEntry = .{\n .read = true,\n .write = true,\n .execute = true,\n .user = false,\n .valid = false,\n };\n\n mapPage(p.page_table, @intFromPtr(paddr), @intFromPtr(paddr), flags);\n }\n\n var off: usize = 0;\n while (off < image.len) : (off += page_size) {\n const page = allocPages(1);\n const remaining = image.len - off;\n const copy_size = if (page_size <= remaining) page_size else remaining;\n @memcpy(page[0..copy_size], image[off..][0..copy_size]);\n mapPage(p.page_table, user_base + off, @intFromPtr(page.ptr), .{\n .read = true,\n .write = true,\n .execute = true,\n .user = true,\n });\n }\n\n p.sp = &sp.ptr[0];\n p.state = .runnable;\n return p;\n}\n\nexport fn processA() void {\n console.print(\"starting process A\\n\\n\", .{}) catch {};\n while (true) {\n console.print(\"A\", .{}) catch {};\n yield();\n for (3_000_000_000) |_| asm volatile (\"nop\");\n }\n}\n\nexport fn processB() void {\n console.print(\"starting process B\\n\\n\", .{}) catch {};\n while (true) {\n console.print(\"B\", .{}) catch {};\n yield();\n for (3_000_000_000) |_| asm volatile (\"nop\");\n }\n}\n\nvar current_proc: *Process = undefined;\nvar idle_proc: *Process = undefined;\n\nnoinline fn yield() void {\n const start_idx = (current_proc.pid + 1) % procs.len;\n const next = for (procs[start_idx..]) |*p| {\n if (p.state == .runnable and p.pid > 0) {\n break p;\n }\n } else for (procs[0..start_idx]) |*p| {\n if (p.state == .runnable and p.pid > 0) {\n break p;\n }\n } else idle_proc;\n\n if (next == current_proc) return;\n\n // console.print(\"swapping active page table: {*}\\n\", .{next.page_table}) catch {};\n\n const satp = Satp.fromPageTableAddr(next.page_table);\n const satp_u32: u32 = @bitCast(satp);\n asm volatile (\n \\\\sfence.vma\n \\\\csrw satp, %[satp]\n \\\\sfence.vma\n \\\\csrw sscratch, %[sscratch]\n :\n : [satp] \"r\" (satp_u32),\n [sscratch] \"r\" (next.stack[next.stack.len..].ptr),\n );\n\n const prev = current_proc;\n current_proc = next;\n context_switch(&prev.sp, &next.sp);\n}\n\nnoinline fn context_switch(\n cur: **usize,\n next: **usize,\n) callconv(.C) void {\n asm volatile (\n \\\\addi sp, sp, -4 * 13\n \\\\sw ra, 4 * 0(sp)\n \\\\sw s0, 4 * 1(sp)\n \\\\sw s1, 4 * 2(sp)\n \\\\sw s2, 4 * 3(sp)\n \\\\sw s3, 4 * 4(sp)\n \\\\sw s4, 4 * 5(sp)\n \\\\sw s5, 4 * 6(sp)\n \\\\sw s6, 4 * 7(sp)\n \\\\sw s7, 4 * 8(sp)\n \\\\sw s8, 4 * 9(sp)\n \\\\sw s9, 4 * 10(sp)\n \\\\sw s10, 4 * 11(sp)\n \\\\sw s11, 4 * 12(sp)\n \\\\\n \\\\sw sp, (%[cur])\n \\\\lw sp, (%[next])\n \\\\\n \\\\lw ra, 4 * 0(sp)\n \\\\lw s0, 4 * 1(sp)\n \\\\lw s1, 4 * 2(sp)\n \\\\lw s2, 4 * 3(sp)\n \\\\lw s3, 4 * 4(sp)\n \\\\lw s4, 4 * 5(sp)\n \\\\lw s5, 4 * 6(sp)\n \\\\lw s6, 4 * 7(sp)\n \\\\lw s7, 4 * 8(sp)\n \\\\lw s8, 4 * 9(sp)\n \\\\lw s9, 4 * 10(sp)\n \\\\lw s10, 4 * 11(sp)\n \\\\lw s11, 4 * 12(sp)\n \\\\addi sp, sp, 4 * 13\n \\\\ret\n :\n : [cur] \"r\" (cur),\n [next] \"r\" (next),\n );\n}\n\nexport fn kernel_main() noreturn {\n main() catch |err| std.debug.panic(\"{s}\", .{@errorName(err)});\n while (true) asm volatile (\"wfi\");\n}\n\nfn main() !void {\n const bss_len = @intFromPtr(bss_end) - @intFromPtr(bss);\n @memset(bss[0..bss_len], 0);\n\n const hello = \"Hello Kernel!\\n\";\n try console.print(\"{s}\", .{hello});\n\n // exception handling\n {\n write_csr(\"stvec\", @intFromPtr(&kernel_entry));\n // Uncomment to trigger a cpu exception\n // asm volatile (\"unimp\");\n }\n\n // page allocation\n {\n // const one = allocPages(1);\n // const two = allocPages(2);\n\n // try console.print(\"one: {*} ({}), two: {*} ({})\\n\", .{\n // one.ptr,\n // one.len,\n // two.ptr,\n // two.len,\n // });\n }\n\n // processes\n {\n try console.print(\"creating processes...\\n\", .{});\n\n idle_proc = createProcess(&.{});\n current_proc = idle_proc;\n\n // _ = createProcess(&processA);\n // _ = createProcess(&processB);\n _ = createProcess(shell);\n\n try console.print(\"processes created, yielding\\n\", .{});\n\n yield();\n\n @panic(\"switched to idle process\");\n\n // asm volatile (\n // \\\\mv sp, %[pAs]\n // \\\\call processA\n // :\n // : [pAs] \"r\" (pA.sp),\n // );\n }\n}\n\npub fn panic(\n msg: []const u8,\n error_return_trace: ?*std.builtin.StackTrace,\n ret_addr: ?usize,\n) noreturn {\n _ = error_return_trace;\n _ = ret_addr;\n\n console.print(\"KERNEL PANIC: {s}\\n\", .{msg}) catch {};\n while (true) asm volatile (\"\");\n}\n\nexport fn boot() linksection(\".text.boot\") callconv(.Naked) void {\n asm volatile (\n \\\\mv sp, %[stack_top]\n \\\\j kernel_main\n :\n : [stack_top] \"r\" (stack_top),\n );\n}\n\nconst SbiRet = struct {\n err: isize,\n value: isize,\n};\n\nconst console: std.io.AnyWriter = .{\n .context = undefined,\n .writeFn = write_fn,\n};\n\nfn write_fn(_: *const anyopaque, bytes: []const u8) !usize {\n for (bytes) |c| _ = sbi(c, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1);\n return bytes.len;\n}\n\npub fn sbi(\n arg0: usize,\n arg1: usize,\n arg2: usize,\n arg3: usize,\n arg4: usize,\n arg5: usize,\n arg6: usize,\n arg7: usize,\n) SbiRet {\n var err: isize = undefined;\n var value: isize = undefined;\n\n asm volatile (\"ecall\"\n : [err] \"={a0}\" (err),\n [value] \"={a1}\" (value),\n : [arg0] \"{a0}\" (arg0),\n [arg1] \"{a1}\" (arg1),\n [arg2] \"{a2}\" (arg2),\n [arg3] \"{a3}\" (arg3),\n [arg4] \"{a4}\" (arg4),\n [arg5] \"{a5}\" (arg5),\n [arg6] \"{a6}\" (arg6),\n [arg7] \"{a7}\" (arg7),\n : \"memory\"\n );\n\n return .{ .err = err, .value = value };\n}\n\nexport fn kernel_entry() align(4) callconv(.Naked) void {\n asm volatile (\n \\\\csrrw sp, sscratch, sp\n \\\\\n \\\\addi sp, sp, -4 * 31\n \\\\sw ra, 4 * 0(sp)\n \\\\sw gp, 4 * 1(sp)\n \\\\sw tp, 4 * 2(sp)\n \\\\sw t0, 4 * 3(sp)\n \\\\sw t1, 4 * 4(sp)\n \\\\sw t2, 4 * 5(sp)\n \\\\sw t3, 4 * 6(sp)\n \\\\sw t4, 4 * 7(sp)\n \\\\sw t5, 4 * 8(sp)\n \\\\sw t6, 4 * 9(sp)\n \\\\sw a0, 4 * 10(sp)\n \\\\sw a1, 4 * 11(sp)\n \\\\sw a2, 4 * 12(sp)\n \\\\sw a3, 4 * 13(sp)\n \\\\sw a4, 4 * 14(sp)\n \\\\sw a5, 4 * 15(sp)\n \\\\sw a6, 4 * 16(sp)\n \\\\sw a7, 4 * 17(sp)\n \\\\sw s0, 4 * 18(sp)\n \\\\sw s1, 4 * 19(sp)\n \\\\sw s2, 4 * 20(sp)\n \\\\sw s3, 4 * 21(sp)\n \\\\sw s4, 4 * 22(sp)\n \\\\sw s5, 4 * 23(sp)\n \\\\sw s6, 4 * 24(sp)\n \\\\sw s7, 4 * 25(sp)\n \\\\sw s8, 4 * 26(sp)\n \\\\sw s9, 4 * 27(sp)\n \\\\sw s10, 4 * 28(sp)\n \\\\sw s11, 4 * 29(sp)\n \\\\\n \\\\addi a0, sp, 4 * 31\n \\\\sw a0, -4(a0)\n \\\\\n // Retrieve and save the sp at the time of exception.\n \\\\csrr a0, sscratch\n \\\\sw a0, 4 * 30(sp)\n // Reset the kernel stack.\n \\\\addi a0, sp, 4 * 31\n \\\\csrw sscratch, a0 \n \\\\\n \\\\mv a0, sp\n \\\\call handle_trap\n \\\\\n \\\\lw ra, 4 * 0(sp)\n \\\\lw gp, 4 * 1(sp)\n \\\\lw tp, 4 * 2(sp)\n \\\\lw t0, 4 * 3(sp)\n \\\\lw t1, 4 * 4(sp)\n \\\\lw t2, 4 * 5(sp)\n \\\\lw t3, 4 * 6(sp)\n \\\\lw t4, 4 * 7(sp)\n \\\\lw t5, 4 * 8(sp)\n \\\\lw t6, 4 * 9(sp)\n \\\\lw a0, 4 * 10(sp)\n \\\\lw a1, 4 * 11(sp)\n \\\\lw a2, 4 * 12(sp)\n \\\\lw a3, 4 * 13(sp)\n \\\\lw a4, 4 * 14(sp)\n \\\\lw a5, 4 * 15(sp)\n \\\\lw a6, 4 * 16(sp)\n \\\\lw a7, 4 * 17(sp)\n \\\\lw s0, 4 * 18(sp)\n \\\\lw s1, 4 * 19(sp)\n \\\\lw s2, 4 * 20(sp)\n \\\\lw s3, 4 * 21(sp)\n \\\\lw s4, 4 * 22(sp)\n \\\\lw s5, 4 * 23(sp)\n \\\\lw s6, 4 * 24(sp)\n \\\\lw s7, 4 * 25(sp)\n \\\\lw s8, 4 * 26(sp)\n \\\\lw s9, 4 * 27(sp)\n \\\\lw s10, 4 * 28(sp)\n \\\\lw s11, 4 * 29(sp)\n \\\\lw sp, 4 * 30(sp)\n \\\\sret\n );\n}\n\nconst TrapFrame = extern struct {\n ra: usize,\n gp: usize,\n tp: usize,\n t0: usize,\n t1: usize,\n t2: usize,\n t3: usize,\n t4: usize,\n t5: usize,\n t6: usize,\n a0: usize,\n a1: usize,\n a2: usize,\n a3: usize,\n a4: usize,\n a5: usize,\n a6: usize,\n a7: usize,\n s0: usize,\n s1: usize,\n s2: usize,\n s3: usize,\n s4: usize,\n s5: usize,\n s6: usize,\n s7: usize,\n s8: usize,\n s9: usize,\n s10: usize,\n s11: usize,\n sp: usize,\n};\n\nexport fn handle_trap(tf: *TrapFrame) void {\n const scause_ecall = 8;\n\n const scause = read_csr(\"scause\");\n const stval = read_csr(\"stval\");\n const user_pc = read_csr(\"sepc\");\n\n switch (scause) {\n scause_ecall => {\n handleSyscall(tf) catch {};\n write_csr(\"sepc\", user_pc + 4);\n },\n else => {\n std.debug.panic(\"Unexpected trap scause={x}, stval={x}, user_pc={x}\", .{\n scause, stval, user_pc,\n });\n },\n }\n}\n\nfn handleSyscall(f: *TrapFrame) !void {\n const syscall: common.Syscall = @enumFromInt(f.a0);\n switch (syscall) {\n .putchar => {\n try console.writeByte(@intCast(f.a1));\n },\n\n .getchar => while (true) {\n const ret = sbi(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2);\n\n if (ret.err >= 0) {\n f.a0 = @intCast(ret.err);\n break;\n }\n\n yield();\n },\n\n .exit => {\n try console.print(\"[kernel] Process {} exited with code {}\\n\", .{\n current_proc.pid,\n f.a1,\n });\n\n current_proc.state = .exited;\n yield();\n },\n }\n}\n\nfn read_csr(comptime reg: []const u8) usize {\n return asm (\"csrr %[ret], \" ++ reg\n : [ret] \"=r\" (-> usize),\n );\n}\n\nfn write_csr(comptime reg: []const u8, val: usize) void {\n asm volatile (\"csrw \" ++ reg ++ \", %[val]\"\n :\n : [val] \"r\" (val),\n );\n}\n\n// Virtual memory\n\nconst Satp = packed struct {\n reserved: u31,\n sv32: bool,\n\n fn fromPageTableAddr(pta: [*]PageEntry) Satp {\n return .{\n .reserved = @intCast(@intFromPtr(pta) >> 12),\n .sv32 = true,\n };\n }\n};\n\nconst PageEntry = packed struct(u32) {\n valid: bool = false,\n read: bool,\n write: bool,\n execute: bool,\n user: bool,\n other_flags: u5 = 0,\n ppn: u22 = 0,\n};\n\nconst Vpn = packed struct(u32) {\n offset: u12,\n zero: u10,\n one: u10,\n};\n\nfn mapPage(\n table1: [*]PageEntry,\n vaddr: usize,\n paddr: usize,\n flags: PageEntry,\n) void {\n // console.print(\"mapPage({*}, {x}, {x}, ...)\\n\", .{ table1, vaddr, paddr }) catch {};\n\n if (vaddr % page_size != 0) {\n std.debug.panic(\"unaligned vaddr: {}\", .{vaddr});\n }\n\n if (paddr % page_size != 0) {\n std.debug.panic(\"unaligned paddr: {}\", .{paddr});\n }\n\n const vpn: Vpn = @bitCast(vaddr);\n\n if (!table1[vpn.one].valid) {\n var pt_addr: PageEntry = @bitCast(@intFromPtr(allocPages(1).ptr));\n\n pt_addr.valid = true;\n pt_addr.ppn >>= 2;\n table1[vpn.one] = pt_addr;\n }\n\n const table0u32: u32 = @intCast(table1[vpn.one].ppn);\n const table0: [*]PageEntry = @ptrFromInt(table0u32 << 12);\n\n const paddr_as_pe: PageEntry = @bitCast((paddr / page_size) << 10);\n var new_pe = flags;\n new_pe.ppn = paddr_as_pe.ppn;\n new_pe.valid = true;\n\n table0[vpn.zero] = new_pe;\n}\n"], ["/kristos/src/common.zig", "const std = @import(\"std\");\n\npub const Syscall = enum(u32) {\n putchar,\n getchar,\n exit,\n\n pub fn zero(s: Syscall) usize {\n const id: u32 = @intFromEnum(s);\n return asm volatile (\n \\\\ecall\n : [ret] \"={a0}\" (-> usize),\n : [id] \"{a0}\" (id),\n );\n }\n\n pub fn one(s: Syscall, arg: u32) usize {\n const id: u32 = @intFromEnum(s);\n return asm volatile (\n \\\\ecall\n : [ret] \"={a0}\" (-> usize),\n : [id] \"{a0}\" (id),\n [arg] \"{a1}\" (arg),\n );\n }\n};\n\nconst console: std.io.AnyWriter = .{\n .writeFn = writeFn,\n .context = undefined,\n};\n\nfn writeFn(ctx: *const anyopaque, bytes: []const u8) !usize {\n _ = ctx;\n for (bytes) |b| _ = Syscall.one(.putchar, b);\n return bytes.len;\n}\n\npub fn print(comptime fmt: []const u8, args: anytype) void {\n console.print(fmt, args) catch {};\n}\n\npub fn readByte() u8 {\n const val = Syscall.zero(.getchar);\n return @intCast(val);\n}\n\npub fn exit(code: usize) void {\n _ = Syscall.one(.exit, code);\n}\n"]], "task_instance_info": {"created_time": "2025-08-21 03:45:21", "created_task_model": "DeepSeek-R1", "function_skeleton": "fn shell() !void { }", "code_description": "This code segment functions to: Implement a loop that processes user input interactively, displays received characters, monitors for a termination command, and exits the process with a specified status code when triggered."}, "inference_content": {"inference_model": "DeepSeek-R1", "inference_result": "```zig\n[TASK_BEGIN]\nfn shell() !void {\n while (true) {\n const input = try common.readLine();\n if (std.mem.eql(u8, input, \"exit\")) {\n break;\n }\n try common.writeLine(input);\n }\n}\n[TASK_END]\n```", "inference_time": "2025-08-21 03-45-32"}, "editdistance_info": {"edit_distance": 25.5319, "calculate_time": "2025-08-21 03:45:32", "true_code_clean": "fn shell() !void {\n common.print(\"hello from shell.zig! (press 'q' to exit the process)\\n\", .{});\n while (true) {\n const c = common.readByte();\n common.print(\"read: '{c}'\\n\", .{c});\n if (c == 'q') {\n common.print(\"exting...\\n\", .{});\n common.exit(42);\n }\n }\n}", "predict_code_clean": "fn shell() !void {\n while (true) {\n const input = try common.readLine();\n if (std.mem.eql(u8, input, \"exit\")) {\n break;\n }\n try common.writeLine(input);\n }\n}"}}
{"repo_name": "kristos", "file_name": "/kristos/src/kernel.zig", "inference_info": {"prefix_code": "const shell = @embedFile(\"shell.bin\");\nconst std = @import(\"std\");\nconst common = @import(\"common.zig\");\n\nconst kernel_base = @extern([*]u8, .{ .name = \"__kernel_base\" });\nconst bss = @extern([*]u8, .{ .name = \"__bss\" });\nconst bss_end = @extern([*]u8, .{ .name = \"__bss_end\" });\nconst stack_top = @extern([*]u8, .{ .name = \"__stack_top\" });\n\nconst ram_start = @extern([*]u8, .{ .name = \"__free_ram\" });\nconst ram_end = @extern([*]u8, .{ .name = \"__free_ram_end\" });\n\nconst page_size = 4096;\nvar used_mem: usize = 0;\nfn allocPages(pages: usize) []u8 {\n const ram = ram_start[0 .. @intFromPtr(ram_end) - @intFromPtr(ram_start)];\n const alloc_size = pages * page_size;\n\n if (used_mem + alloc_size > ram.len) {\n @panic(\"out of memory\");\n }\n\n const result = ram[used_mem..][0..alloc_size];\n used_mem += alloc_size;\n\n @memset(result, 0);\n\n return result;\n}\n\nconst user_base = 0x1000000;\nconst Process = struct {\n pid: usize = 0,\n state: enum { unused, runnable, exited } = .unused,\n sp: *usize = undefined, // stack pointer\n page_table: [*]PageEntry = undefined,\n stack: [1024]u8 align(4) = undefined,\n};\n\nvar procs = [_]Process{.{}} ** 8;\n\nexport fn user_entry() callconv(.Naked) void {\n const sstatus_spie: u32 = 1 << 5;\n asm volatile (\n \\\\csrw sepc, %[sepc]\n \\\\csrw sstatus, %[sstatus]\n \\\\sret\n :\n : [sepc] \"r\" (user_base),\n [sstatus] \"r\" (sstatus_spie),\n );\n}\n\nfn createProcess(image: []const u8) *Process {\n const p = for (&procs, 0..) |*p, i| {\n if (p.state == .unused) {\n p.pid = i;\n break p;\n }\n } else @panic(\"too many processes!\");\n\n const regs: []usize = blk: {\n const ptr: [*]usize = @alignCast(@ptrCast(&p.stack));\n break :blk ptr[0 .. p.stack.len / @sizeOf(usize)];\n };\n\n const sp = regs[regs.len - 13 ..];\n sp[0] = @intFromPtr(&user_entry);\n\n std.debug.assert(sp.len == 13);\n\n for (sp[1..]) |*reg| {\n reg.* = 0;\n }\n\n p.page_table = @alignCast(@ptrCast(allocPages(1)));\n\n const pages_count = @divFloor((@intFromPtr(ram_end) - @intFromPtr(kernel_base)), page_size);\n const pages: [*][page_size]u8 = @ptrCast(kernel_base);\n\n for (pages[0..pages_count]) |*paddr| {\n const flags: PageEntry = .{\n .read = true,\n .write = true,\n .execute = true,\n .user = false,\n .valid = false,\n };\n\n mapPage(p.page_table, @intFromPtr(paddr), @intFromPtr(paddr), flags);\n }\n\n var off: usize = 0;\n while (off < image.len) : (off += page_size) {\n const page = allocPages(1);\n const remaining = image.len - off;\n const copy_size = if (page_size <= remaining) page_size else remaining;\n @memcpy(page[0..copy_size], image[off..][0..copy_size]);\n mapPage(p.page_table, user_base + off, @intFromPtr(page.ptr), .{\n .read = true,\n .write = true,\n .execute = true,\n .user = true,\n });\n }\n\n p.sp = &sp.ptr[0];\n p.state = .runnable;\n return p;\n}\n\nexport fn processA() void {\n console.print(\"starting process A\\n\\n\", .{}) catch {};\n while (true) {\n console.print(\"A\", .{}) catch {};\n yield();\n for (3_000_000_000) |_| asm volatile (\"nop\");\n }\n}\n\nexport fn processB() void {\n console.print(\"starting process B\\n\\n\", .{}) catch {};\n while (true) {\n console.print(\"B\", .{}) catch {};\n yield();\n for (3_000_000_000) |_| asm volatile (\"nop\");\n }\n}\n\nvar current_proc: *Process = undefined;\nvar idle_proc: *Process = undefined;\n\nnoinline fn yield() void {\n const start_idx = (current_proc.pid + 1) % procs.len;\n const next = for (procs[start_idx..]) |*p| {\n if (p.state == .runnable and p.pid > 0) {\n break p;\n }\n } else for (procs[0..start_idx]) |*p| {\n if (p.state == .runnable and p.pid > 0) {\n break p;\n }\n } else idle_proc;\n\n if (next == current_proc) return;\n\n // console.print(\"swapping active page table: {*}\\n\", .{next.page_table}) catch {};\n\n const satp = Satp.fromPageTableAddr(next.page_table);\n const satp_u32: u32 = @bitCast(satp);\n asm volatile (\n \\\\sfence.vma\n \\\\csrw satp, %[satp]\n \\\\sfence.vma\n \\\\csrw sscratch, %[sscratch]\n :\n : [satp] \"r\" (satp_u32),\n [sscratch] \"r\" (next.stack[next.stack.len..].ptr),\n );\n\n const prev = current_proc;\n current_proc = next;\n context_switch(&prev.sp, &next.sp);\n}\n\n", "suffix_code": "\n\nexport fn kernel_main() noreturn {\n main() catch |err| std.debug.panic(\"{s}\", .{@errorName(err)});\n while (true) asm volatile (\"wfi\");\n}\n\nfn main() !void {\n const bss_len = @intFromPtr(bss_end) - @intFromPtr(bss);\n @memset(bss[0..bss_len], 0);\n\n const hello = \"Hello Kernel!\\n\";\n try console.print(\"{s}\", .{hello});\n\n // exception handling\n {\n write_csr(\"stvec\", @intFromPtr(&kernel_entry));\n // Uncomment to trigger a cpu exception\n // asm volatile (\"unimp\");\n }\n\n // page allocation\n {\n // const one = allocPages(1);\n // const two = allocPages(2);\n\n // try console.print(\"one: {*} ({}), two: {*} ({})\\n\", .{\n // one.ptr,\n // one.len,\n // two.ptr,\n // two.len,\n // });\n }\n\n // processes\n {\n try console.print(\"creating processes...\\n\", .{});\n\n idle_proc = createProcess(&.{});\n current_proc = idle_proc;\n\n // _ = createProcess(&processA);\n // _ = createProcess(&processB);\n _ = createProcess(shell);\n\n try console.print(\"processes created, yielding\\n\", .{});\n\n yield();\n\n @panic(\"switched to idle process\");\n\n // asm volatile (\n // \\\\mv sp, %[pAs]\n // \\\\call processA\n // :\n // : [pAs] \"r\" (pA.sp),\n // );\n }\n}\n\npub fn panic(\n msg: []const u8,\n error_return_trace: ?*std.builtin.StackTrace,\n ret_addr: ?usize,\n) noreturn {\n _ = error_return_trace;\n _ = ret_addr;\n\n console.print(\"KERNEL PANIC: {s}\\n\", .{msg}) catch {};\n while (true) asm volatile (\"\");\n}\n\nexport fn boot() linksection(\".text.boot\") callconv(.Naked) void {\n asm volatile (\n \\\\mv sp, %[stack_top]\n \\\\j kernel_main\n :\n : [stack_top] \"r\" (stack_top),\n );\n}\n\nconst SbiRet = struct {\n err: isize,\n value: isize,\n};\n\nconst console: std.io.AnyWriter = .{\n .context = undefined,\n .writeFn = write_fn,\n};\n\nfn write_fn(_: *const anyopaque, bytes: []const u8) !usize {\n for (bytes) |c| _ = sbi(c, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1);\n return bytes.len;\n}\n\npub fn sbi(\n arg0: usize,\n arg1: usize,\n arg2: usize,\n arg3: usize,\n arg4: usize,\n arg5: usize,\n arg6: usize,\n arg7: usize,\n) SbiRet {\n var err: isize = undefined;\n var value: isize = undefined;\n\n asm volatile (\"ecall\"\n : [err] \"={a0}\" (err),\n [value] \"={a1}\" (value),\n : [arg0] \"{a0}\" (arg0),\n [arg1] \"{a1}\" (arg1),\n [arg2] \"{a2}\" (arg2),\n [arg3] \"{a3}\" (arg3),\n [arg4] \"{a4}\" (arg4),\n [arg5] \"{a5}\" (arg5),\n [arg6] \"{a6}\" (arg6),\n [arg7] \"{a7}\" (arg7),\n : \"memory\"\n );\n\n return .{ .err = err, .value = value };\n}\n\nexport fn kernel_entry() align(4) callconv(.Naked) void {\n asm volatile (\n \\\\csrrw sp, sscratch, sp\n \\\\\n \\\\addi sp, sp, -4 * 31\n \\\\sw ra, 4 * 0(sp)\n \\\\sw gp, 4 * 1(sp)\n \\\\sw tp, 4 * 2(sp)\n \\\\sw t0, 4 * 3(sp)\n \\\\sw t1, 4 * 4(sp)\n \\\\sw t2, 4 * 5(sp)\n \\\\sw t3, 4 * 6(sp)\n \\\\sw t4, 4 * 7(sp)\n \\\\sw t5, 4 * 8(sp)\n \\\\sw t6, 4 * 9(sp)\n \\\\sw a0, 4 * 10(sp)\n \\\\sw a1, 4 * 11(sp)\n \\\\sw a2, 4 * 12(sp)\n \\\\sw a3, 4 * 13(sp)\n \\\\sw a4, 4 * 14(sp)\n \\\\sw a5, 4 * 15(sp)\n \\\\sw a6, 4 * 16(sp)\n \\\\sw a7, 4 * 17(sp)\n \\\\sw s0, 4 * 18(sp)\n \\\\sw s1, 4 * 19(sp)\n \\\\sw s2, 4 * 20(sp)\n \\\\sw s3, 4 * 21(sp)\n \\\\sw s4, 4 * 22(sp)\n \\\\sw s5, 4 * 23(sp)\n \\\\sw s6, 4 * 24(sp)\n \\\\sw s7, 4 * 25(sp)\n \\\\sw s8, 4 * 26(sp)\n \\\\sw s9, 4 * 27(sp)\n \\\\sw s10, 4 * 28(sp)\n \\\\sw s11, 4 * 29(sp)\n \\\\\n \\\\addi a0, sp, 4 * 31\n \\\\sw a0, -4(a0)\n \\\\\n // Retrieve and save the sp at the time of exception.\n \\\\csrr a0, sscratch\n \\\\sw a0, 4 * 30(sp)\n // Reset the kernel stack.\n \\\\addi a0, sp, 4 * 31\n \\\\csrw sscratch, a0 \n \\\\\n \\\\mv a0, sp\n \\\\call handle_trap\n \\\\\n \\\\lw ra, 4 * 0(sp)\n \\\\lw gp, 4 * 1(sp)\n \\\\lw tp, 4 * 2(sp)\n \\\\lw t0, 4 * 3(sp)\n \\\\lw t1, 4 * 4(sp)\n \\\\lw t2, 4 * 5(sp)\n \\\\lw t3, 4 * 6(sp)\n \\\\lw t4, 4 * 7(sp)\n \\\\lw t5, 4 * 8(sp)\n \\\\lw t6, 4 * 9(sp)\n \\\\lw a0, 4 * 10(sp)\n \\\\lw a1, 4 * 11(sp)\n \\\\lw a2, 4 * 12(sp)\n \\\\lw a3, 4 * 13(sp)\n \\\\lw a4, 4 * 14(sp)\n \\\\lw a5, 4 * 15(sp)\n \\\\lw a6, 4 * 16(sp)\n \\\\lw a7, 4 * 17(sp)\n \\\\lw s0, 4 * 18(sp)\n \\\\lw s1, 4 * 19(sp)\n \\\\lw s2, 4 * 20(sp)\n \\\\lw s3, 4 * 21(sp)\n \\\\lw s4, 4 * 22(sp)\n \\\\lw s5, 4 * 23(sp)\n \\\\lw s6, 4 * 24(sp)\n \\\\lw s7, 4 * 25(sp)\n \\\\lw s8, 4 * 26(sp)\n \\\\lw s9, 4 * 27(sp)\n \\\\lw s10, 4 * 28(sp)\n \\\\lw s11, 4 * 29(sp)\n \\\\lw sp, 4 * 30(sp)\n \\\\sret\n );\n}\n\nconst TrapFrame = extern struct {\n ra: usize,\n gp: usize,\n tp: usize,\n t0: usize,\n t1: usize,\n t2: usize,\n t3: usize,\n t4: usize,\n t5: usize,\n t6: usize,\n a0: usize,\n a1: usize,\n a2: usize,\n a3: usize,\n a4: usize,\n a5: usize,\n a6: usize,\n a7: usize,\n s0: usize,\n s1: usize,\n s2: usize,\n s3: usize,\n s4: usize,\n s5: usize,\n s6: usize,\n s7: usize,\n s8: usize,\n s9: usize,\n s10: usize,\n s11: usize,\n sp: usize,\n};\n\nexport fn handle_trap(tf: *TrapFrame) void {\n const scause_ecall = 8;\n\n const scause = read_csr(\"scause\");\n const stval = read_csr(\"stval\");\n const user_pc = read_csr(\"sepc\");\n\n switch (scause) {\n scause_ecall => {\n handleSyscall(tf) catch {};\n write_csr(\"sepc\", user_pc + 4);\n },\n else => {\n std.debug.panic(\"Unexpected trap scause={x}, stval={x}, user_pc={x}\", .{\n scause, stval, user_pc,\n });\n },\n }\n}\n\nfn handleSyscall(f: *TrapFrame) !void {\n const syscall: common.Syscall = @enumFromInt(f.a0);\n switch (syscall) {\n .putchar => {\n try console.writeByte(@intCast(f.a1));\n },\n\n .getchar => while (true) {\n const ret = sbi(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2);\n\n if (ret.err >= 0) {\n f.a0 = @intCast(ret.err);\n break;\n }\n\n yield();\n },\n\n .exit => {\n try console.print(\"[kernel] Process {} exited with code {}\\n\", .{\n current_proc.pid,\n f.a1,\n });\n\n current_proc.state = .exited;\n yield();\n },\n }\n}\n\nfn read_csr(comptime reg: []const u8) usize {\n return asm (\"csrr %[ret], \" ++ reg\n : [ret] \"=r\" (-> usize),\n );\n}\n\nfn write_csr(comptime reg: []const u8, val: usize) void {\n asm volatile (\"csrw \" ++ reg ++ \", %[val]\"\n :\n : [val] \"r\" (val),\n );\n}\n\n// Virtual memory\n\nconst Satp = packed struct {\n reserved: u31,\n sv32: bool,\n\n fn fromPageTableAddr(pta: [*]PageEntry) Satp {\n return .{\n .reserved = @intCast(@intFromPtr(pta) >> 12),\n .sv32 = true,\n };\n }\n};\n\nconst PageEntry = packed struct(u32) {\n valid: bool = false,\n read: bool,\n write: bool,\n execute: bool,\n user: bool,\n other_flags: u5 = 0,\n ppn: u22 = 0,\n};\n\nconst Vpn = packed struct(u32) {\n offset: u12,\n zero: u10,\n one: u10,\n};\n\nfn mapPage(\n table1: [*]PageEntry,\n vaddr: usize,\n paddr: usize,\n flags: PageEntry,\n) void {\n // console.print(\"mapPage({*}, {x}, {x}, ...)\\n\", .{ table1, vaddr, paddr }) catch {};\n\n if (vaddr % page_size != 0) {\n std.debug.panic(\"unaligned vaddr: {}\", .{vaddr});\n }\n\n if (paddr % page_size != 0) {\n std.debug.panic(\"unaligned paddr: {}\", .{paddr});\n }\n\n const vpn: Vpn = @bitCast(vaddr);\n\n if (!table1[vpn.one].valid) {\n var pt_addr: PageEntry = @bitCast(@intFromPtr(allocPages(1).ptr));\n\n pt_addr.valid = true;\n pt_addr.ppn >>= 2;\n table1[vpn.one] = pt_addr;\n }\n\n const table0u32: u32 = @intCast(table1[vpn.one].ppn);\n const table0: [*]PageEntry = @ptrFromInt(table0u32 << 12);\n\n const paddr_as_pe: PageEntry = @bitCast((paddr / page_size) << 10);\n var new_pe = flags;\n new_pe.ppn = paddr_as_pe.ppn;\n new_pe.valid = true;\n\n table0[vpn.zero] = new_pe;\n}\n", "middle_code": "noinline fn context_switch(\n cur: **usize,\n next: **usize,\n) callconv(.C) void {\n asm volatile (\n \\\\addi sp, sp, -4 * 13\n \\\\sw ra, 4 * 0(sp)\n \\\\sw s0, 4 * 1(sp)\n \\\\sw s1, 4 * 2(sp)\n \\\\sw s2, 4 * 3(sp)\n \\\\sw s3, 4 * 4(sp)\n \\\\sw s4, 4 * 5(sp)\n \\\\sw s5, 4 * 6(sp)\n \\\\sw s6, 4 * 7(sp)\n \\\\sw s7, 4 * 8(sp)\n \\\\sw s8, 4 * 9(sp)\n \\\\sw s9, 4 * 10(sp)\n \\\\sw s10, 4 * 11(sp)\n \\\\sw s11, 4 * 12(sp)\n \\\\\n \\\\sw sp, (%[cur])\n \\\\lw sp, (%[next])\n \\\\\n \\\\lw ra, 4 * 0(sp)\n \\\\lw s0, 4 * 1(sp)\n \\\\lw s1, 4 * 2(sp)\n \\\\lw s2, 4 * 3(sp)\n \\\\lw s3, 4 * 4(sp)\n \\\\lw s4, 4 * 5(sp)\n \\\\lw s5, 4 * 6(sp)\n \\\\lw s6, 4 * 7(sp)\n \\\\lw s7, 4 * 8(sp)\n \\\\lw s8, 4 * 9(sp)\n \\\\lw s9, 4 * 10(sp)\n \\\\lw s10, 4 * 11(sp)\n \\\\lw s11, 4 * 12(sp)\n \\\\addi sp, sp, 4 * 13\n \\\\ret\n :\n : [cur] \"r\" (cur),\n [next] \"r\" (next),\n );\n}", "code_description": null, "fill_type": "FUNCTION_TYPE", "language_type": "zig", "sub_task_type": null}, "context_code": [["/kristos/src/shell.zig", "comptime {\n @export(start, .{ .name = \"start\", .section = \".text.start\" });\n}\n\nconst stack_top = @extern([*]u8, .{ .name = \"__stack_top\" });\n\nconst common = @import(\"common.zig\");\n\nfn start() callconv(.Naked) void {\n asm volatile (\n \\\\mv sp, %[stack_top]\n \\\\call %[shell] \n :\n : [stack_top] \"r\" (stack_top),\n [shell] \"X\" (&shell),\n );\n}\n\nfn shell() !void {\n // const bad_ptr: *volatile usize = @ptrFromInt(0x80200000);\n // bad_ptr.* = 5;\n\n common.print(\"hello from shell.zig! (press 'q' to exit the process)\\n\", .{});\n // common.Syscall.one(.putchar, 'x');\n\n while (true) {\n const c = common.readByte();\n common.print(\"read: '{c}'\\n\", .{c});\n\n if (c == 'q') {\n common.print(\"exting...\\n\", .{});\n common.exit(42);\n }\n }\n}\n"], ["/kristos/src/common.zig", "const std = @import(\"std\");\n\npub const Syscall = enum(u32) {\n putchar,\n getchar,\n exit,\n\n pub fn zero(s: Syscall) usize {\n const id: u32 = @intFromEnum(s);\n return asm volatile (\n \\\\ecall\n : [ret] \"={a0}\" (-> usize),\n : [id] \"{a0}\" (id),\n );\n }\n\n pub fn one(s: Syscall, arg: u32) usize {\n const id: u32 = @intFromEnum(s);\n return asm volatile (\n \\\\ecall\n : [ret] \"={a0}\" (-> usize),\n : [id] \"{a0}\" (id),\n [arg] \"{a1}\" (arg),\n );\n }\n};\n\nconst console: std.io.AnyWriter = .{\n .writeFn = writeFn,\n .context = undefined,\n};\n\nfn writeFn(ctx: *const anyopaque, bytes: []const u8) !usize {\n _ = ctx;\n for (bytes) |b| _ = Syscall.one(.putchar, b);\n return bytes.len;\n}\n\npub fn print(comptime fmt: []const u8, args: anytype) void {\n console.print(fmt, args) catch {};\n}\n\npub fn readByte() u8 {\n const val = Syscall.zero(.getchar);\n return @intCast(val);\n}\n\npub fn exit(code: usize) void {\n _ = Syscall.one(.exit, code);\n}\n"]], "task_instance_info": {"created_time": "2025-08-21 03:45:21", "created_task_model": "DeepSeek-R1", "function_skeleton": "noinline fn context_switch(\n cur: **usize,\n next: **usize,\n) callconv(.C) void { }", "code_description": "This code segment functions to: Save and restore processor register states during execution context transitions between different execution threads."}, "inference_content": {"inference_model": "DeepSeek-R1", "inference_result": "```zig\n[TASK_BEGIN]\nnoinline fn context_switch(\n cur: **usize,\n next: **usize,\n) callconv(.C) void {\n asm volatile (\n \\\\sd sp, 0(%[cur])\n \\\\ld sp, 0(%[next])\n :\n : [cur] \"r\" (cur.*),\n [next] \"r\" (next.*)\n : \"memory\"\n );\n}\n[TASK_END]\n```", "inference_time": "2025-08-21 03-45-41"}, "editdistance_info": {"edit_distance": 13.9434, "calculate_time": "2025-08-21 03:45:41", "true_code_clean": "noinline fn context_switch(\n cur: **usize,\n next: **usize,\n) callconv(.C) void {\n asm volatile (\n \\\\addi sp, sp, -4 * 13\n \\\\sw ra, 4 * 0(sp)\n \\\\sw s0, 4 * 1(sp)\n \\\\sw s1, 4 * 2(sp)\n \\\\sw s2, 4 * 3(sp)\n \\\\sw s3, 4 * 4(sp)\n \\\\sw s4, 4 * 5(sp)\n \\\\sw s5, 4 * 6(sp)\n \\\\sw s6, 4 * 7(sp)\n \\\\sw s7, 4 * 8(sp)\n \\\\sw s8, 4 * 9(sp)\n \\\\sw s9, 4 * 10(sp)\n \\\\sw s10, 4 * 11(sp)\n \\\\sw s11, 4 * 12(sp)\n \\\\\n \\\\sw sp, (%[cur])\n \\\\lw sp, (%[next])\n \\\\\n \\\\lw ra, 4 * 0(sp)\n \\\\lw s0, 4 * 1(sp)\n \\\\lw s1, 4 * 2(sp)\n \\\\lw s2, 4 * 3(sp)\n \\\\lw s3, 4 * 4(sp)\n \\\\lw s4, 4 * 5(sp)\n \\\\lw s5, 4 * 6(sp)\n \\\\lw s6, 4 * 7(sp)\n \\\\lw s7, 4 * 8(sp)\n \\\\lw s8, 4 * 9(sp)\n \\\\lw s9, 4 * 10(sp)\n \\\\lw s10, 4 * 11(sp)\n \\\\lw s11, 4 * 12(sp)\n \\\\addi sp, sp, 4 * 13\n \\\\ret\n :\n : [cur] \"r\" (cur),\n [next] \"r\" (next),\n );\n}", "predict_code_clean": "noinline fn context_switch(\n cur: **usize,\n next: **usize,\n) callconv(.C) void {\n asm volatile (\n \\\\sd sp, 0(%[cur])\n \\\\ld sp, 0(%[next])\n :\n : [cur] \"r\" (cur.*),\n [next] \"r\" (next.*)\n : \"memory\"\n );\n}"}}
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