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@@ -4,25 +4,26 @@ language: en
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  size_categories:
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  - 10K<n<100K
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  task_categories:
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- - image-classification
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  task_ids: []
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  pretty_name: PKLot
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  tags:
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  - fiftyone
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  - image
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  - image-classification
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- dataset_summary: '
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- This is a [FiftyOne](https://github.com/voxel51/fiftyone) dataset with 12416 samples.
 
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  ## Installation
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- If you haven''t already, install FiftyOne:
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  ```bash
@@ -44,9 +45,9 @@ dataset_summary: '
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  # Load the dataset
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- # Note: other available arguments include ''max_samples'', etc
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- dataset = load_from_hub("harpreetsahota/PKLot")
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  # Launch the App
@@ -54,19 +55,17 @@ dataset_summary: '
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  session = fo.launch_app(dataset)
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  ```
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-
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- '
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  ---
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  # Dataset Card for PKLot
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- <!-- Provide a quick summary of the dataset. -->
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-
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-
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- This is a [FiftyOne](https://github.com/voxel51/fiftyone) dataset with 12416 samples.
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  ## Installation
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@@ -84,34 +83,47 @@ from fiftyone.utils.huggingface import load_from_hub
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  # Load the dataset
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  # Note: other available arguments include 'max_samples', etc
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- dataset = load_from_hub("harpreetsahota/PKLot")
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  # Launch the App
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  session = fo.launch_app(dataset)
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  ```
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-
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  ## Dataset Details
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  ### Dataset Description
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  <!-- Provide a longer summary of what this dataset is. -->
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- - **Curated by:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Funded by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Shared by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Language(s) (NLP):** en
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- - **License:** [More Information Needed]
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- ### Dataset Sources [optional]
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  <!-- Provide the basic links for the dataset. -->
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- - **Repository:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Paper [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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  ## Uses
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@@ -121,19 +133,70 @@ session = fo.launch_app(dataset)
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  <!-- This section describes suitable use cases for the dataset. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ### Out-of-Scope Use
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  <!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the dataset will not work well for. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
 
 
 
 
 
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  ## Dataset Structure
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  <!-- This section provides a description of the dataset fields, and additional information about the dataset structure such as criteria used to create the splits, relationships between data points, etc. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ## Dataset Creation
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@@ -141,7 +204,13 @@ session = fo.launch_app(dataset)
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  <!-- Motivation for the creation of this dataset. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ### Source Data
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@@ -151,15 +220,25 @@ session = fo.launch_app(dataset)
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  <!-- This section describes the data collection and processing process such as data selection criteria, filtering and normalization methods, tools and libraries used, etc. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  #### Who are the source data producers?
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  <!-- This section describes the people or systems who originally created the data. It should also include self-reported demographic or identity information for the source data creators if this information is available. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
 
 
 
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- ### Annotations [optional]
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  <!-- If the dataset contains annotations which are not part of the initial data collection, use this section to describe them. -->
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@@ -167,58 +246,104 @@ session = fo.launch_app(dataset)
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  <!-- This section describes the annotation process such as annotation tools used in the process, the amount of data annotated, annotation guidelines provided to the annotators, interannotator statistics, annotation validation, etc. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  #### Who are the annotators?
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  <!-- This section describes the people or systems who created the annotations. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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  #### Personal and Sensitive Information
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  <!-- State whether the dataset contains data that might be considered personal, sensitive, or private (e.g., data that reveals addresses, uniquely identifiable names or aliases, racial or ethnic origins, sexual orientations, religious beliefs, political opinions, financial or health data, etc.). If efforts were made to anonymize the data, describe the anonymization process. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
 
 
 
 
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  ## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
185
 
186
  <!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. -->
187
 
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- [More Information Needed]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ### Recommendations
191
 
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  <!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
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- Users should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the dataset. More information needed for further recommendations.
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- ## Citation [optional]
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  <!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the dataset, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. -->
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  **BibTeX:**
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- [More Information Needed]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  **APA:**
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Glossary [optional]
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  <!-- If relevant, include terms and calculations in this section that can help readers understand the dataset or dataset card. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
 
 
 
 
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- ## More Information [optional]
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Dataset Card Authors [optional]
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- [More Information Needed]
 
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  ## Dataset Card Contact
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- [More Information Needed]
 
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  size_categories:
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  - 10K<n<100K
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  task_categories:
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+ - object-detection
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  task_ids: []
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  pretty_name: PKLot
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  tags:
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  - fiftyone
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  - image
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  - image-classification
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+ dataset_summary: >
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+ This is a [FiftyOne](https://github.com/voxel51/fiftyone) dataset with 12416
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+ samples.
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  ## Installation
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+ If you haven't already, install FiftyOne:
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  ```bash
 
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  # Load the dataset
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+ # Note: other available arguments include 'max_samples', etc
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+ dataset = load_from_hub("Voxel51/PKLot")
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  # Launch the App
 
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  session = fo.launch_app(dataset)
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  ```
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+ license: cc
 
59
  ---
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61
  # Dataset Card for PKLot
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+ ![image/png](pklot-mq.gif)
 
 
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+ PKLot is a robust dataset for parking lot classification containing 12,416 images captured from three different parking lots (PUCPR, UFPR04, UFPR05) under various weather conditions (sunny, cloudy, rainy). Each image includes detailed annotations for individual parking spaces with occupancy status, resulting in approximately 695,900 segmented parking space instances.
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+ This is a [FiftyOne](https://github.com/voxel51/fiftyone) dataset with 12,416 samples.
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70
  ## Installation
71
 
 
83
 
84
  # Load the dataset
85
  # Note: other available arguments include 'max_samples', etc
86
+ dataset = load_from_hub("Voxel51/PKLot")
87
 
88
  # Launch the App
89
  session = fo.launch_app(dataset)
90
  ```
91
 
 
92
  ## Dataset Details
93
 
94
  ### Dataset Description
95
 
96
  <!-- Provide a longer summary of what this dataset is. -->
97
 
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+ The PKLot dataset is a comprehensive parking lot classification dataset designed for computer vision research in parking space detection and occupancy classification. The dataset contains:
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+
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+ - **12,416 high-resolution images** (1280×720 pixels)
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+ - **3 different parking lots**: PUCPR (Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná), UFPR04, and UFPR05 (Federal University of Paraná)
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+ - **3 weather conditions**: Sunny, Cloudy, and Rainy
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+ - **Time-series data**: Images captured at 5-minute intervals throughout different days
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+ - **~695,900 parking space instances**: Each image contains 45-100 annotated parking spaces
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+ - **Rich annotations**: Each parking space includes polygon boundaries and occupancy status
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107
+ The dataset is particularly valuable for:
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+ - Parking space detection algorithms
109
+ - Occupancy classification models
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+ - Temporal analysis of parking patterns
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+ - Weather-robust computer vision systems
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+ - Smart city and intelligent transportation system research
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+ - **Curated by:** Paulo R. L. de Almeida, Luiz S. Oliveira, Alceu S. Britto Jr., Eunelson J. Silva Jr., Alessandro L. Koerich
115
+ - **Funded by [optional]:** Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) and Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR)
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+ - **Shared by [optional]:** Vision, Robotics and Imaging Laboratory (VRI) - UFPR
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+ - **Language(s) (NLP):** Not applicable (computer vision dataset)
118
+ - **License:** [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
119
 
120
+ ### Dataset Sources
121
 
122
  <!-- Provide the basic links for the dataset. -->
123
 
124
+ - **Repository:** [PKLot Official Page](http://web.inf.ufpr.br/vri/databases/parking-lot-database/)
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+ - **Paper:** [Almeida et al., "PKLot – A robust dataset for parking lot classification", Expert Systems with Applications, 2015](http://www.inf.ufpr.br/lesoliveira/download/ESWA2015.pdf)
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+ - **Download:** [PKLot.tar.gz (4.6GB)](http://www.inf.ufpr.br/vri/databases/PKLot.tar.gz)
127
 
128
  ## Uses
129
 
 
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134
  <!-- This section describes suitable use cases for the dataset. -->
135
 
136
+ The PKLot dataset is intended for:
137
+
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+ 1. **Parking Space Detection**: Training and evaluating algorithms to detect individual parking spaces in aerial/surveillance imagery
139
+ 2. **Occupancy Classification**: Developing models to classify parking spaces as occupied or vacant
140
+ 3. **Temporal Analysis**: Studying parking patterns over time and predicting future occupancy
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+ 4. **Weather Robustness**: Testing computer vision models under different weather conditions
142
+ 5. **Smart Parking Systems**: Developing real-time parking availability systems
143
+ 6. **Benchmark Dataset**: Comparing performance of different parking detection algorithms
144
 
145
  ### Out-of-Scope Use
146
 
147
  <!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the dataset will not work well for. -->
148
 
149
+ This dataset should not be used for:
150
+
151
+ - Identifying individuals or vehicles (images are not high-resolution enough for identification)
152
+ - Real-time commercial applications without proper validation
153
+ - Training models for different parking lot layouts without additional data
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+ - Applications requiring night-time or low-light conditions (dataset only contains daylight images)
155
 
156
  ## Dataset Structure
157
 
158
  <!-- This section provides a description of the dataset fields, and additional information about the dataset structure such as criteria used to create the splits, relationships between data points, etc. -->
159
 
160
+ ### FiftyOne Dataset Fields
161
+
162
+ Each sample in the FiftyOne dataset contains the following fields:
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+
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+ | Field | Type | Description |
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+ |-------|------|-------------|
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+ | `filepath` | string | Path to the image file |
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+ | `source` | string | Parking lot identifier (`pucpr`, `ufpr04`, `ufpr05`) |
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+ | `weather` | Classification | Weather condition label (`sunny`, `cloudy`, `rainy`) |
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+ | `date` | date | Date of image capture (YYYY-MM-DD) |
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+ | `parking_timestamp` | datetime | Full timestamp of capture (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS) |
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+ | `parking_spaces` | Polylines | Collection of parking space polygons |
172
+
173
+ ### Parking Space Annotations (Polylines)
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+
175
+ Each parking space polyline contains:
176
+
177
+ | Attribute | Type | Description |
178
+ |-----------|------|-------------|
179
+ | `label` | string | Always "parking_space" |
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+ | `points` | list | Normalized polygon vertices [[x,y], ...] in [0,1] range |
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+ | `index` | int | Unique parking space ID (1-100) |
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+ | `closed` | bool | True (parking spaces are closed polygons) |
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+ | `filled` | bool | True (for visualization as filled polygons) |
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+ | `occupancy_status` | string | "occupied", "not occupied", or "unknown" |
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+ | `space_id` | int | Parking space identifier |
186
+
187
+ ### Dataset Statistics
188
+
189
+ - **Total Samples**: 12,416 images
190
+ - **Parking Lots Distribution**:
191
+ - PUCPR: ~4,474 images
192
+ - UFPR04: ~3,791 images
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+ - UFPR05: ~4,152 images
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+ - **Weather Distribution**:
195
+ - Sunny: ~50% of images
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+ - Cloudy: ~35% of images
197
+ - Rainy: ~15% of images
198
+ - **Temporal Coverage**: September 2012 - April 2013
199
+ - **Capture Frequency**: 5-minute intervals
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201
  ## Dataset Creation
202
 
 
204
 
205
  <!-- Motivation for the creation of this dataset. -->
206
 
207
+ The PKLot dataset was created to address the lack of robust, publicly available datasets for parking lot classification research. Key motivations included:
208
+
209
+ 1. **Standardized Benchmark**: Providing a common dataset for comparing parking detection algorithms
210
+ 2. **Real-World Conditions**: Capturing diverse weather conditions and lighting variations
211
+ 3. **Temporal Dynamics**: Understanding parking patterns over time
212
+ 4. **Scale**: Offering sufficient data for training deep learning models
213
+ 5. **Reproducible Research**: Enabling researchers to compare results on the same dataset
214
 
215
  ### Source Data
216
 
 
220
 
221
  <!-- This section describes the data collection and processing process such as data selection criteria, filtering and normalization methods, tools and libraries used, etc. -->
222
 
223
+ The data collection process involved:
224
+
225
+ 1. **Camera Setup**: Fixed surveillance cameras installed at three parking lots
226
+ 2. **Capture Protocol**: Automatic image capture every 5 minutes during daylight hours
227
+ 3. **Weather Diversity**: Deliberate collection across different weather conditions
228
+ 4. **Time Period**: Data collected from September 2012 to April 2013
229
+ 5. **Image Resolution**: All images captured at 1280×720 pixels
230
+ 6. **Quality Control**: Manual verification of image quality and weather labels
231
 
232
  #### Who are the source data producers?
233
 
234
  <!-- This section describes the people or systems who originally created the data. It should also include self-reported demographic or identity information for the source data creators if this information is available. -->
235
 
236
+ The data was produced by researchers at:
237
+ - Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Brazil
238
+ - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Brazil
239
+ - Vision, Robotics and Imaging Laboratory (VRI)
240
 
241
+ ### Annotations
242
 
243
  <!-- If the dataset contains annotations which are not part of the initial data collection, use this section to describe them. -->
244
 
 
246
 
247
  <!-- This section describes the annotation process such as annotation tools used in the process, the amount of data annotated, annotation guidelines provided to the annotators, interannotator statistics, annotation validation, etc. -->
248
 
249
+ The annotation process consisted of:
250
+
251
+ 1. **Parking Space Delineation**: Manual marking of parking space boundaries using rotated rectangles and polygons
252
+ 2. **Occupancy Labeling**: Binary classification (0=vacant, 1=occupied) for each parking space
253
+ 3. **XML Format**: Annotations stored in XML files with both rotated rectangle and contour representations
254
+ 4. **Consistency**: Same parking space IDs maintained across all images from the same parking lot
255
+ 5. **Validation**: Cross-checking of annotations for accuracy
256
 
257
  #### Who are the annotators?
258
 
259
  <!-- This section describes the people or systems who created the annotations. -->
260
 
261
+ Annotations were created by the research team at the Vision, Robotics and Imaging Laboratory (VRI) at UFPR, with quality control and validation performed by multiple team members.
262
 
263
  #### Personal and Sensitive Information
264
 
265
  <!-- State whether the dataset contains data that might be considered personal, sensitive, or private (e.g., data that reveals addresses, uniquely identifiable names or aliases, racial or ethnic origins, sexual orientations, religious beliefs, political opinions, financial or health data, etc.). If efforts were made to anonymize the data, describe the anonymization process. -->
266
 
267
+ The dataset contains surveillance imagery of parking lots but:
268
+ - Images are taken from elevated positions at resolution insufficient for personal identification
269
+ - No license plates or individual features are distinguishable
270
+ - Focus is on parking space occupancy, not vehicle or person identification
271
+ - The dataset complies with privacy regulations for public space surveillance
272
 
273
  ## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
274
 
275
  <!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. -->
276
 
277
+ ### Known Limitations
278
+
279
+ 1. **Geographic Bias**: All data from two universities in Curitiba, Brazil
280
+ 2. **Temporal Bias**: Limited to daylight hours (approximately 6 AM to 7 PM)
281
+ 3. **Seasonal Bias**: Data from September 2012 to April 2013 only
282
+ 4. **Weather Distribution**: Unbalanced weather conditions (more sunny than rainy days)
283
+ 5. **Parking Lot Types**: Only university parking lots, may not generalize to other environments
284
+ 6. **Camera Angles**: Fixed camera positions, limited viewpoint diversity
285
+
286
+ ### Technical Limitations
287
+
288
+ - No night-time or low-light conditions
289
+ - No snow or extreme weather conditions
290
+ - Fixed parking space layouts (no dynamic spaces)
291
+ - Resolution limitations for fine-grained vehicle classification
292
 
293
  ### Recommendations
294
 
295
  <!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
296
 
297
+ Users should be aware that:
298
 
299
+ 1. **Generalization**: Models trained on this dataset may need adaptation for different geographic locations or parking lot types
300
+ 2. **Lighting Conditions**: Additional data may be needed for 24-hour operation systems
301
+ 3. **Real-time Deployment**: Validation on target deployment environment is essential
302
+ 4. **Privacy Considerations**: Ensure compliance with local regulations when deploying models
303
+ 5. **Weather Robustness**: Test model performance across all weather conditions in the dataset
304
+
305
+ ## Citation
306
 
307
  <!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the dataset, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. -->
308
 
309
  **BibTeX:**
310
 
311
+ ```bibtex
312
+ @article{almeida2015pklot,
313
+ title={PKLot--A robust dataset for parking lot classification},
314
+ author={Almeida, Paulo and Oliveira, Luiz S and Silva Jr, Eunelson and Britto Jr, Alceu and Koerich, Alessandro},
315
+ journal={Expert Systems with Applications},
316
+ volume={42},
317
+ number={11},
318
+ pages={4937--4949},
319
+ year={2015},
320
+ publisher={Elsevier}
321
+ }
322
+ ```
323
 
324
  **APA:**
325
 
326
+ Almeida, P. R., Oliveira, L. S., Britto Jr, A. S., Silva Jr, E. J., & Koerich, A. L. (2015). PKLot--A robust dataset for parking lot classification. Expert Systems with Applications, 42(11), 4937-4949.
327
 
328
+ ## Glossary
329
 
330
  <!-- If relevant, include terms and calculations in this section that can help readers understand the dataset or dataset card. -->
331
 
332
+ - **Parking Space**: Individual parking slot/bay in a parking lot
333
+ - **Occupancy Status**: Binary classification of whether a parking space contains a vehicle
334
+ - **Polyline**: Closed polygon defining the boundary of a parking space
335
+ - **Rotated Rectangle**: Bounding box with rotation angle for non-axis-aligned parking spaces
336
+ - **Normalized Coordinates**: Coordinates scaled to [0,1] range relative to image dimensions
337
 
338
+ ## More Information
339
 
340
+ For more information about the dataset, visit the [official PKLot page](http://web.inf.ufpr.br/vri/databases/parking-lot-database/) or read the [original paper](http://www.inf.ufpr.br/lesoliveira/download/ESWA2015.pdf).
341
 
342
+ ## Dataset Card Authors
343
 
344
+ - Harpreet Sahota (FiftyOne integration and dataset card)
345
+ - Original dataset by Paulo R. L. de Almeida et al.
346
 
347
  ## Dataset Card Contact
348
 
349
+ For questions about the original PKLot dataset, please contact the Vision, Robotics and Imaging Laboratory at UFPR.