File size: 38,163 Bytes
6fa4bc9 | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 | {
"paper_id": "P95-1000",
"header": {
"generated_with": "S2ORC 1.0.0",
"date_generated": "2023-01-19T08:33:55.366230Z"
},
"title": "Finite-State Tools for Language Processing",
"authors": [
{
"first": "Hans",
"middle": [],
"last": "Uszkoreit",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Beth",
"middle": [],
"last": "Levin",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Emmanuel",
"middle": [],
"last": "Roche",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Tutorial",
"middle": [],
"last": "Sessions",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Ngrams",
"middle": [],
"last": "Kenneth",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Ward",
"middle": [],
"last": "Church",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Lynette",
"middle": [],
"last": "Hirsehman",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Marc",
"middle": [],
"last": "Vilain",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Gary",
"middle": [],
"last": "Tajchman",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Daniel",
"middle": [],
"last": "Jurafsky",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Eric",
"middle": [],
"last": "Fosler",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Dan",
"middle": [],
"last": "Gildea",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Lauri",
"middle": [],
"last": "Karttunen",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Tanya",
"middle": [],
"last": "Bowden",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "George",
"middle": [
"Anton"
],
"last": "Kiraz",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Victor",
"middle": [],
"last": "Zue",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Carolyn",
"middle": [
"Penstein"
],
"last": "Ros~",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Barbara",
"middle": [
"Di"
],
"last": "Eugenio",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Lori",
"middle": [
"S"
],
"last": "Levin",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Carol",
"middle": [],
"last": "Van Ess-Dykema",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Tetsuya",
"middle": [],
"last": "Nasukawa",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Mark",
"middle": [],
"last": "Lauer",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Bill",
"middle": [],
"last": "Keller",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Samuel",
"middle": [],
"last": "Bayer",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Mark",
"middle": [],
"last": "Johnson",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Roger",
"middle": [],
"last": "Evans",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Gerald",
"middle": [],
"last": "Gazdar",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "David",
"middle": [],
"last": "Weir",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Thilo",
"middle": [
"W"
],
"last": "Goetz",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Walt",
"middle": [
"Detmar"
],
"last": "Meurers",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Robert",
"middle": [],
"last": "Kasper",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Bernd",
"middle": [],
"last": "Kiefer",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Klans",
"middle": [],
"last": "Netter",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "K",
"middle": [],
"last": "Vijay-Shanker",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Jochen",
"middle": [],
"last": "Dsrre",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Diane",
"middle": [
"J"
],
"last": "Litman",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Rebecca",
"middle": [
"J"
],
"last": "Passonneau",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Norbert",
"middle": [],
"last": "Reithinger",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Elisabeth",
"middle": [],
"last": "Mater",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Chinatsu",
"middle": [],
"last": "Aone",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Scott",
"middle": [
"William"
],
"last": "Bennett",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Bonnie",
"middle": [],
"last": "Webber",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Megan",
"middle": [],
"last": "Moser",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Johanna",
"middle": [
"D"
],
"last": "Moore",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Jennifer",
"middle": [],
"last": "Chu-Carroll",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Sandra",
"middle": [],
"last": "Carberry",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Daniel",
"middle": [],
"last": "Marcu",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Graeme",
"middle": [],
"last": "Hirst",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Owen",
"middle": [],
"last": "Rambow",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Sanguthevar",
"middle": [],
"last": "Rajasekaran",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Shibu",
"middle": [],
"last": "Yooseph",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Andreas",
"middle": [],
"last": "Kathol",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Carl",
"middle": [],
"last": "Pollard",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "The",
"middle": [],
"last": "Boston",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Computer",
"middle": [],
"last": "Museum",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Douglas",
"middle": [
"Appelt"
],
"last": "Thursday",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Alpha",
"middle": [
"K"
],
"last": "Luk",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "David",
"middle": [],
"last": "Yarowsky",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Vasileios",
"middle": [],
"last": "Hatzivassiloglou",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Kathleen",
"middle": [],
"last": "Mckeown",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Jong",
"middle": [
"C"
],
"last": "Park",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Seth",
"middle": [],
"last": "Kulick",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Douglas",
"middle": [],
"last": "Appelt",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Eric",
"middle": [
"Sven"
],
"last": "Ristad",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Robert",
"middle": [
"G"
],
"last": "Thomas",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Stanley",
"middle": [
"F"
],
"last": "Chen",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Pascale",
"middle": [],
"last": "Fung",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Dekai",
"middle": [],
"last": "Wu",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Kevin",
"middle": [],
"last": "Knight",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Victor",
"middle": [],
"last": "Poznafiski",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "John",
"middle": [
"L"
],
"last": "Beaven",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Pete",
"middle": [],
"last": "Whitelock",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "B",
"middle": [],
"last": "Srinivas",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Aravind",
"middle": [
"K :"
],
"last": "Ioshi",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "David",
"middle": [
"M"
],
"last": "Magerman",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "",
"middle": [],
"last": "Vlll",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "",
"middle": [],
"last": "Eric",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "George",
"middle": [],
"last": "Anton",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Carolyn",
"middle": [],
"last": "Penstein",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Barbara",
"middle": [],
"last": "Di",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Lena",
"middle": [],
"last": "Str6mbgck",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "",
"middle": [],
"last": "Gerald",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Klaus",
"middle": [],
"last": "Netter",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Elisabeth",
"middle": [],
"last": "Maier",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Scott",
"middle": [],
"last": "William",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Eric",
"middle": [],
"last": "Sven",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "",
"middle": [],
"last": "Pete",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Rajeev",
"middle": [],
"last": "Agarwal",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Milan",
"middle": [],
"last": "Mosny",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "Reinhard",
"middle": [],
"last": "Rapp",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
},
{
"first": "James",
"middle": [],
"last": "Shaw",
"suffix": "",
"affiliation": {},
"email": ""
}
],
"year": "",
"venue": null,
"identifiers": {},
"abstract": "This volume contains the papers prepared for the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, held from 26-30 June at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In a separate section, it also contains the papers that were selected by the student program committee for presentation at the student poster session. A large number of people in many places have contributed to the success of this year's meeting. First of all I would like to thank our keynote speakers Bonnie Webber and Victor Zue for accepting our invitation to present their exciting research at the meeting. As tutorial chair Yves Shabes organized an attractive and balanced pre-conference program. Special thanks go to the instructors he enlisted: Beth Levin (Northwestern University), Emmanuel Roche (Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories), Kenneth Ward Church (AT&T Bell Laboratories), and Lynette Hirschman and Marc Vilain (The Mitre Corporation). Robert Berwick served as the local arrangements chair. Together with his students and staff he put much thought and a tremendous amount of work into the organization of registration, rooms, exhibits, demonstrations, banquet, as well as the general logistics of the conference. Kathy McKeown, the new Secretary/Treasurer of the ACL, assumed a very active role in the preparation of the conference. In an observant and insistent way she checked on deadlines and formats and made sure that the communication among the different organizers never stalled. I particularly want to express my gratitude to Joanne Capstick for assisting me in a calm and efficient way during all phases of the preparation of the program and of these proceedings. She did the actual work. Thorsten Brants and other members of our local staff helped with printing and formatting. The traditional reviewing process of the ACL puts a heavy burden on the members of the program committee. This year each member had to read and evaluate up to 20 papers. They performed this work in a very careful and efficient manner. We followed the tradition of 'blind' reviewing which, although not watertight, had proved very effective in previous years. The final selection was made in an intensive one-day meeting in New York City. I want the members of the program committee to know that their enormous work is greatly appreciated by all of us. It was a great pleasure to work with these delightful colleagues:",
"pdf_parse": {
"paper_id": "P95-1000",
"_pdf_hash": "",
"abstract": [
{
"text": "This volume contains the papers prepared for the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, held from 26-30 June at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In a separate section, it also contains the papers that were selected by the student program committee for presentation at the student poster session. A large number of people in many places have contributed to the success of this year's meeting. First of all I would like to thank our keynote speakers Bonnie Webber and Victor Zue for accepting our invitation to present their exciting research at the meeting. As tutorial chair Yves Shabes organized an attractive and balanced pre-conference program. Special thanks go to the instructors he enlisted: Beth Levin (Northwestern University), Emmanuel Roche (Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories), Kenneth Ward Church (AT&T Bell Laboratories), and Lynette Hirschman and Marc Vilain (The Mitre Corporation). Robert Berwick served as the local arrangements chair. Together with his students and staff he put much thought and a tremendous amount of work into the organization of registration, rooms, exhibits, demonstrations, banquet, as well as the general logistics of the conference. Kathy McKeown, the new Secretary/Treasurer of the ACL, assumed a very active role in the preparation of the conference. In an observant and insistent way she checked on deadlines and formats and made sure that the communication among the different organizers never stalled. I particularly want to express my gratitude to Joanne Capstick for assisting me in a calm and efficient way during all phases of the preparation of the program and of these proceedings. She did the actual work. Thorsten Brants and other members of our local staff helped with printing and formatting. The traditional reviewing process of the ACL puts a heavy burden on the members of the program committee. This year each member had to read and evaluate up to 20 papers. They performed this work in a very careful and efficient manner. We followed the tradition of 'blind' reviewing which, although not watertight, had proved very effective in previous years. The final selection was made in an intensive one-day meeting in New York City. I want the members of the program committee to know that their enormous work is greatly appreciated by all of us. It was a great pleasure to work with these delightful colleagues:",
"cite_spans": [],
"ref_spans": [],
"eq_spans": [],
"section": "Abstract",
"sec_num": null
}
],
"body_text": [
{
"text": "Beth Levin, Northwestern University There has been a growing interest in lexical semantics over the last ten years. This interest can be traced to the increased importance of the lexicon in many linguistic frameworks; this in turn has led to the serious investigation of the relationship between syntax and word meaning. During the same period the acquisition and representation of lexical information have become central loci of work in computational linguistics. This tutorial will introduce computational linguists to lexical semantics and review recent developments in this area. I will begin by setting out the notion of semantically-coherent verb class, which has proved valuable to the lexical classification of verbs, and by discussing its implications for the representation of lexical knowledge and the lexical semantics-syntax mapping. Organizing principles of the verb lexicon will be covered, as will certain complications presented by polysemy. Finally, I will sketch some similarities and divergences in lexical organization between languages.",
"cite_spans": [
{
"start": 5,
"end": 35,
"text": "Levin, Northwestern University",
"ref_id": null
}
],
"ref_spans": [],
"eq_spans": [],
"section": "Lexical Semantics",
"sec_num": null
},
{
"text": "Finite-state tools have been part of Natural Language Processing (NLP) since the beginning. However, whereas many techniques are now considered standard, very few of the most recent mathematical results are known to non-mathematicians or have been incorporated into concrete applications. Moreover, mathematical presentations are often concerned with proofs and not necessarily constructive algorithms; and so it is only recently that many practical algorithmic issues have started to be addressed. As will be seen in this tutorial, contributions of finite-state processing to NLP range from strong efficiency improvements of old techniques to radically new solutions. The tutorial will be self-contained and should be accessible to those with basic computer science and linguistic knowledge. It will first briefly give a list of pointers to the classical results and it will then present recent results, such as decomposition of finite-state transducers and subminimal compression. Each technique will be systematically illustrated through applications to morphology, phonology, and local and global syntax.",
"cite_spans": [],
"ref_spans": [],
"eq_spans": [],
"section": "Emmanuel Roche, Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories",
"sec_num": null
},
{
"text": "Text is more available than ever before: dictionaries, corpora, email, faxes. Many laboratories have tens of millions of words, and some even have billions. What can we do with it all? It is better to do something than nothing at all. We will show some very simple Unix(TM) programs for counting words and ngrams, and generating concordances. Word and ngram counts have been used in a wide variety of applications: part of speech tagging, speech recognition, spelling correction, text compression, word-sense disambiguation, information retrieval, and author identification. In the past, we have tended to focus our attention on bigrams and trigrams. Suffix arrays make it practical to search for 5-grams, 50-grams and even 5000-grams. Long ngrams are far more common than you might have thought. In Genesis, for example, there are hundreds of repeated sequences of 50 characters or more such as: \"Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth.\" We have to be careful when using long ngrams in prediction tasks; poor estimates of context can be worse than none. How do we estimate the probability of ngrams we haven't seen? How do we combine ngrams of different lengths? Probabilities depend on a variety of hidden variables: topic, author, genre, etc. How do we compensate for the fact that text is more than just a bag of words?",
"cite_spans": [],
"ref_spans": [],
"eq_spans": [],
"section": "Kenneth Ward Church, AT~T Bell Laboratories",
"sec_num": null
},
{
"text": "Extracting Information from the MUC",
"cite_spans": [],
"ref_spans": [],
"eq_spans": [],
"section": "Kenneth Ward Church, AT~T Bell Laboratories",
"sec_num": null
},
{
"text": "This tutorial will review the rapid progress in information extraction systems (Mso called message understanding systems) over the past decade. These systems have grown from fragile toy systems to robust systems achieving recall and precision of around 60% on complex extraction tasks. This progress has been closely linked to the introduction of formM evaluation methods used in the Message Understanding Conferences (MUCs). In the first half of the tutoriM, we will trace the evolution from the early MUC conferences to the present, tracking the interplay of evaluation and technological progress, focusing on advances such as robust parsing, special purpose processors (e.g., phrase and name identification), and faster, simpler systems. In the second half of this tutorial, we will focus on portability, highlighting the importance of shared resources (annotated corpora, lexicons, etc.) and corpus-based techniques, including machine learning and statistical approaches. We will consider ways to bootstrap into new domains, to combine rules derived from experts with corpus-based rules, and to reduce the demands of development of training corpora. We will illustrate this in part with recent results at MITRE in transformation-based learning.",
"cite_spans": [],
"ref_spans": [],
"eq_spans": [],
"section": "Lynette Hirschman and Marc Vilain, The Mitre Corporation",
"sec_num": null
},
{
"text": "These proceedings include the extended abstracts for the poster presentations at the Student Session of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. The goal of the Student Session is to provide a forum for student members to present work in progress, rather than completed work, and to receive feedback from other members of the computational linguistics community, particularly senior researchers. The response to the ACL Student Sessions held during the previous years was very positive. The student authors consistently report that they find the Student Sessions valuable, and answers to questionnaires filled out by ACL members (most recently in 1994) indicate that the audiences find the sessions interesting and of high quality.",
"cite_spans": [],
"ref_spans": [],
"eq_spans": [],
"section": "PREFACE TO THE STUDENT SESSION PAPERS",
"sec_num": null
},
{
"text": "This year, a new format has been adopted on a trial basis. Instead of brief ten-minute presentations in parallel sessions, student authors will have the opportunity to present their work in a special poster session, with a higher potential for one-on-one discussions of the details and future directions of their research. Comments on the success of this experiment are actively sought from both the student authors and the ACL membership at large, to determine the optimal format that the sessions should have in the future.",
"cite_spans": [],
"ref_spans": [],
"eq_spans": [],
"section": "PREFACE TO THE STUDENT SESSION PAPERS",
"sec_num": null
},
{
"text": "Forty-eight papers were submitted to the ACL Student Session in 1995, thus equalling the previous highest number of submissions, from 1992. Out of these, we were able to accept nineteen papers, an all-time high. The increased number of accepted papers is partly due to the higher flexibility offered by the poster format. Nevertheless, we still had to leave out a number of interesting papers. We thank all the authors for their submissions, and hope that the reviews encourage them in their research, provide constructive criticism, and introduce them to the process of disseminating their work more broadly.",
"cite_spans": [],
"ref_spans": [],
"eq_spans": [],
"section": "PREFACE TO THE STUDENT SESSION PAPERS",
"sec_num": null
},
{
"text": "We are grateful to the reviewers for providing helpful, detailed reviews of the submissions under a very tight time schedule. We thank the student members of the ACL 1995 Student Session Program Committee,",
"cite_spans": [],
"ref_spans": [],
"eq_spans": [],
"section": "PREFACE TO THE STUDENT SESSION PAPERS",
"sec_num": null
}
],
"back_matter": [],
"bib_entries": {
"BIBREF0": {
"ref_id": "b0",
"title": "helped plan the Student Session and served as reviewers",
"authors": [],
"year": null,
"venue": "",
"volume": "",
"issue": "",
"pages": "",
"other_ids": {},
"num": null,
"urls": [],
"raw_text": "helped plan the Student Session and served as reviewers: Jennifer Chu-Carroll, University of Delaware;",
"links": null
},
"BIBREF4": {
"ref_id": "b4",
"title": "Carl de Marcken, in addition to his duties as a Program Committee member, served as liaison to the Local Arrangements Committee; we thank Robert Berwick (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) for his help with these issues. We also thank the nonstudent members of the Student Session Program Committee, who provided reviews and their invaluable experience as senior researchers: Susan Armstrong",
"authors": [
{
"first": "Karen",
"middle": [],
"last": "Ward",
"suffix": ""
},
{
"first": ";",
"middle": [],
"last": "Oregon Graduate Institute",
"suffix": ""
},
{
"first": "R. Michael",
"middle": [],
"last": "Young",
"suffix": ""
}
],
"year": null,
"venue": "",
"volume": "",
"issue": "",
"pages": "",
"other_ids": {},
"num": null,
"urls": [],
"raw_text": "Karen Ward, Oregon Graduate In- stitute; and R. Michael Young, University of Pittsburgh. Carl de Marcken, in addition to his duties as a Program Committee member, served as liaison to the Local Arrangements Committee; we thank Robert Berwick (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) for his help with these issues. We also thank the non- student members of the Student Session Program Committee, who provided reviews and their invaluable experience as senior researchers: Susan Armstrong, ISSCO; Nicholas Asher, University of Texas at Austin;",
"links": null
},
"BIBREF10": {
"ref_id": "b10",
"title": "Judith Klavans (Columbia University), and Gertjan van Noord (Alfa-Informatica and BCN Groningen), who served as specialist reviewers. Finally, we are grateful to last year's Student Session chairs, Beryl Hoffman ( University of Pennsylvania) and Rebecca Passonneau (C01umbia University), as well as to Philip Resnik",
"authors": [
{
"first": "Dekai",
"middle": [],
"last": "Wu",
"suffix": ""
}
],
"year": null,
"venue": "addition, we thank Chung Hee Hwang ( University of Rochester)",
"volume": "",
"issue": "",
"pages": "",
"other_ids": {},
"num": null,
"urls": [],
"raw_text": "and Dekai Wu, National Technical University of Hong Kong. In addition, we thank Chung Hee Hwang ( Uni- versity of Rochester), Judith Klavans (Columbia University), and Gertjan van Noord (Alfa-Informatica and BCN Groningen), who served as specialist reviewers. Finally, we are grateful to last year's Student Session chairs, Beryl Hoffman ( University of Pennsylvania) and Rebecca Passonneau (C01umbia University), as well as to Philip Resnik (Sun Microsystems), for their advice and guidance.",
"links": null
},
"BIBREF58": {
"ref_id": "b58",
"title": "261 Raj asekaran",
"authors": [
{
"first": "Victor",
"middle": [
". ..............."
],
"last": "Poznarlski",
"suffix": ""
},
{
"first": "",
"middle": [
". . . ."
],
"last": "Sanguthevar",
"suffix": ""
}
],
"year": null,
"venue": "",
"volume": "",
"issue": "",
"pages": "",
"other_ids": {},
"num": null,
"urls": [],
"raw_text": "Poznarlski, Victor ................... 261 Raj asekaran, Sanguthevar .......... 166",
"links": null
}
},
"ref_entries": {}
}
} |