Base_JSON/prefixE/json/E85/E85-1022.json

{
    "paper_id": "E85-1022",
    "header": {
        "generated_with": "S2ORC 1.0.0",
        "date_generated": "2023-01-19T11:30:20.775511Z"
    },
    "title": "\" L e x i f a n i s \" A Lexical Analyzer of Modern Greek",
    "authors": [
        {
            "first": "Yannis",
            "middle": [],
            "last": "Kotsanis -Yanis",
            "suffix": "",
            "affiliation": {
                "laboratory": "",
                "institution": "Maestros Computer Sc. Dpt. -National Tech. University",
                "location": {
                    "addrLine": "Heroon Polytechniou 9 GR -157 73 -Athens",
                    "country": "Greece"
                }
            },
            "email": ""
        }
    ],
    "year": "",
    "venue": null,
    "identifiers": {},
    "abstract": "",
    "pdf_parse": {
        "paper_id": "E85-1022",
        "_pdf_hash": "",
        "abstract": [],
        "body_text": [
            {
                "text": "Lexifanis\" is a Software Tool designed and implemented by the authors to analyze Modern Greek Language (~AnuoTL~').",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "ABST~",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "This system assigns grammatical ~lasses (parts of speech) to 95-98% of the words of a text which is read and normalized by the computer. Name given by Lucian (circa 16@ A.C.) to one of his dialogues.",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "ABST~",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "In Linguistics the systematic identification of the word classes rises several questions in regard to the morphemic analysis.",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "PROLOGUE",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "In Computational Linguistics several research areas use fundamental information such as the \"word class\" of a given wordy isolated or in its context. In Computer  Science  the  automatic  processing of Greek texts is based on relevant knowledge, at the lexical level.",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [
                    {
                        "start": 153,
                        "end": 201,
                        "text": "Computer  Science  the  automatic  processing of",
                        "ref_id": null
                    }
                ],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "PROLOGUE",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "In the \"Accentual Scheme\", the \"Ending\" and the \"Pre--ending\" of each word.",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "PROLOGUE",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "The \"accentual scheme\" of the word reflects the position of the stress on the word; The stress may come only on one of the last three syllables ( law of the three syllables ). This scheme is identified in our system by a code number. As an example consider \"o~o\" (:to the, it). This word can be either \"article with preposion\" or \"pronoun\". ",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "Accentual scheme",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "The relevant information is represented by automata. with the same accentual schemer and word lengthy are grouped together forming a set of small dictionary-trees, \"cultivated in a two dimentional...garden\", minimizing thus the search time (Fig.3) .",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [
                    {
                        "start": 240,
                        "end": 247,
                        "text": "(Fig.3)",
                        "ref_id": null
                    }
                ],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "LIMITED SYNTAX ANALYSIS -",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "This module is best fitted to the batch version of our system, but it can be used in the interactive version~ as well. * A single class is assigned to 80-90% o+ the words of any text, 8-15% are assigned two possible classes (double class assignment),and the remaining 2-5% o+ the words, are left unclassified. * The variation o+ the above percentages is due to the difference in style o+ the texts being processed.",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "RESULTS -",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "A scientific writing, for example, contain fewer ambiguities than a poem.",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "RESULTS -",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "Lexi+anis\" modules are written in \"Pascal\" programming language. This software runs under NOS operating system on a Cyber 171 main frame computer.",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "COMPUTATIONAL DETAILS",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "Topdown design and structured programming guarantee the portability o+ this product.",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "COMPUTATIONAL DETAILS",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "The system uses about 35 Kilowords of the Cyber computer memory (60bits/word) and it requires 12 seconds \"compilation time\".",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "COMPUTATIONAL DETAILS",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "The batch version classifies the words at a rate o+ 110 word classes per second.",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "COMPUTATIONAL DETAILS",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "Lexifanis is a complete software tool which assigns classes to isolated words entered by the user or, alternatively, to all the words of an input text. This system can be useful to a variety of applications, some of which are listed below. The modularity in its design and implementation, along with the generality of the concepts implemented guarantee a property to our system : it can be easily integrated into various software systems.",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "AIMM_IP~TIONS",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "The most apparent application o+ Lexi-~anis is, in Lexicography, the generation of \"morpheme-based\" dictionaries and the generation of lemmata.",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "AIMM_IP~TIONS",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "Lexifanis may serve as a background in a spelling checking and error detection package , or any \"writers aid\" software system.",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "AIMM_IP~TIONS",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "Finally, Machine Translation woulO be another major area of application where Lexifanis may be included, as a module or process, in an \"expert system\".",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "AIMM_IP~TIONS",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "... we have presented a software tool, ~hich assigns grammatical classes to the 95-98% of the words o+ a given text.",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "EPILO6~JE",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "This system performs suffix analysis ~o assign classes to all the greek words. For the first time accentual scheme has been proved useful in the classification of greek words.",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "EPILO6~JE",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "Moreover, ambiguities inherent to the suffix morphology of greek words can be resolved without any stem dictionary ...",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "EPILO6~JE",
                "sec_num": null
            }
        ],
        "back_matter": [
            {
                "text": "A'VT ;, ,.~TO.S.q0OvOm~ t x6v \"rn~ N~c:~ E22n'v t }~c;, Ac~nv,~, 1.96..-' [TZAP, 53] : A. TC~OT~avo~, N~o~n~'ti~n ~OvTaEt~, 2 T6Uol, A@~va, 194b/1953 [TPIA,41] : ",
                "cite_spans": [
                    {
                        "start": 74,
                        "end": 80,
                        "text": "[TZAP,",
                        "ref_id": null
                    },
                    {
                        "start": 81,
                        "end": 84,
                        "text": "53]",
                        "ref_id": null
                    },
                    {
                        "start": 87,
                        "end": 159,
                        "text": "A. TC~OT~avo~, N~o~n~'ti~n ~OvTaEt~, 2 T6Uol, A@~va, 194b/1953 [TPIA,41]",
                        "ref_id": null
                    }
                ],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "annex",
                "sec_num": null
            }
        ],
        "bib_entries": {},
        "ref_entries": {
            "FIGREF0": {
                "num": null,
                "type_str": "figure",
                "text": "Fig. 3 the ... two dimentional garden",
                "uris": null
            },
            "TABREF3": {
                "content": "<table><tr><td/><td/><td colspan=\"4\">: \"accentual</td><td>scheme\"</td><td>of</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td colspan=\"2\">the</td><td>greek</td><td>words</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">accent.</td><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">scheme</td><td colspan=\"4\">I_~C example</td></tr><tr><td/><td>\"</td><td>+}</td><td colspan=\"2\">@\"</td><td>: will</td></tr><tr><td>:e</td><td/><td>I</td><td colspan=\"3\">~a, nw~</td><td>: will,that</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">~e</td><td>2</td><td colspan=\"3\">nQ~(;)</td><td>: what(?)</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">~ee</td><td>3</td><td colspan=\"2\">natO[</td><td>: child</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">~ee</td><td>4</td><td colspan=\"2\">xdon</td><td>: grace</td></tr><tr><td>eee</td><td/><td>5</td><td colspan=\"3\">~oxa'~&gt;~</td><td>: archaic</td></tr><tr><td>eee</td><td/><td>b</td><td colspan=\"3\">out',~T~</td><td>: I compose</td></tr><tr><td>eee</td><td/><td>7</td><td colspan=\"3\">no~6~nu,= : problem</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">Notation</td><td/><td/></tr><tr><td/><td/><td>:</td><td colspan=\"3\">\"word start delimiter\"</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td>e</td><td colspan=\"3\">\"syllable\"</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td colspan=\"2\">\"accent\"</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td colspan=\"3\">\"apostroph\"</td></tr><tr><td>An</td><td colspan=\"3\">example to</td><td colspan=\"2\">illustrate</td><td>the above</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"6\">feature is the following:</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">~SL-+O~t-O-OO-t'n</td><td/><td colspan=\"2\">(:justice&gt;</td><td>IC=&amp;</td><td>NOUN</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"4\">xo~.-U.5-.~u-vn</td><td colspan=\"2\">(:joyful&gt;</td><td>IC=7</td><td>ADJ</td></tr><tr><td>Ending</td><td/><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">A detailed</td><td colspan=\"2\">suffix</td><td>analysis</td><td>of</td><td>the</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">highly inflected</td><td colspan=\"3\">greek language [KOYP,bT]</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"6\">[MIRA,59] indicates that there exist mor-</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"6\">phemes at the end of the</td><td>word which</td><td>can</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"4\">be used to identify</td><td colspan=\"2\">the grammatical clas-</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"4\">ses of the words.</td><td/></tr><tr><td>The</td><td colspan=\"5\">morphological analysis, presented</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"6\">in this paper~is based on a right-to-left</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">scanning</td><td>of the</td><td/><td colspan=\"2\">words.</td><td>This</td><td>analysis</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">identifies</td><td>word</td><td/><td colspan=\"2\">suffixes,</td><td>named</td><td>hence-</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td>155</td></tr></table>",
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                "num": null,
                "type_str": "table",
                "text": ""
            },
            "TABREF5": {
                "content": "<table><tr><td colspan=\"5\">: Results obtained from</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">a Scientific</td><td>Text</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td>after</td><td/><td>after</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td colspan=\"2\">morph.</td><td>surface</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td colspan=\"2\">analys.</td><td>syntax</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">sinqle classes</td><td>%</td><td/><td>%</td></tr><tr><td>I. article</td><td/><td>5.16</td><td/><td>13.53</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">2. article with prepos.</td><td>0.00</td><td/><td>1.2@</td></tr><tr><td>3. pronoun</td><td/><td>5.11</td><td/><td>6.42</td></tr><tr><td>4. numeral</td><td/><td>3.91</td><td/><td>3.91</td></tr><tr><td>5. preposition</td><td/><td>2.96</td><td/><td>5.26</td></tr><tr><td>6. conjuction</td><td/><td>b.47</td><td/><td>8.22</td></tr><tr><td>7. adverb</td><td/><td>b. 12</td><td/><td>6.12</td></tr><tr><td>S. particle</td><td/><td>0.60</td><td/><td>0.70</td></tr><tr><td>9. noun</td><td/><td>12.73</td><td/><td>12.98</td></tr><tr><td>I~. proper noun</td><td/><td>0.3~</td><td/><td>0.30</td></tr><tr><td>11. adjective</td><td/><td>7.2T</td><td/><td>7.27</td></tr><tr><td>12. participle</td><td/><td>1.50</td><td/><td>1.5@</td></tr><tr><td>13. verb</td><td/><td>13.18</td><td/><td>13.18</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td>&amp;5.31</td><td/><td>8e.&amp;e</td></tr><tr><td>do~!ble classes</td><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>14. art_pronoun</td><td/><td>11.78</td><td/><td>2.16</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">15. art with prep_pron</td><td>1.25</td><td/><td>@.0@</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">16. preposition_pronoun</td><td>2.36</td><td/><td>@.05</td></tr><tr><td>17. non-inflected</td><td colspan=\"2\">homonym 2.71</td><td/><td>@.85</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">18. name : noun_adject</td><td>11.33</td><td/><td>!1.33</td></tr><tr><td>19. adject_adverb</td><td/><td>2.06</td><td/><td>1.8@</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td>31.48</td><td/><td>16.69</td></tr><tr><td>unclassified</td><td>words</td><td>3.21</td><td/><td>2.71</td></tr></table>",
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