| { |
| "paper_id": "J90-3012", |
| "header": { |
| "generated_with": "S2ORC 1.0.0", |
| "date_generated": "2023-01-19T02:54:48.597474Z" |
| }, |
| "title": "Computers and Human Language", |
| "authors": [ |
| { |
| "first": "George", |
| "middle": [ |
| "W" |
| ], |
| "last": "Smith", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Aravind", |
| "middle": [ |
| "K" |
| ], |
| "last": "Joshi", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Henry", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Bradford", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Sandra", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Carberry", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Willem", |
| "middle": [ |
| "J M" |
| ], |
| "last": "Levelt", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Jane", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Grimshaw", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Philip", |
| "middle": [ |
| "R" |
| ], |
| "last": "Cohen", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Jerry", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Morgan", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "E", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "~iartha", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Pollack", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "A", |
| "middle": [ |
| "Bradford" |
| ], |
| "last": "Book", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Ray", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Jackendoff", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Gennaro", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Chierchia", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Sally", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Mcconnell-Ginet", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": {}, |
| "email": "" |
| } |
| ], |
| "year": "", |
| "venue": null, |
| "identifiers": {}, |
| "abstract": "Offering an inquiry into the nature of language from the perspective of computing, Computers and Human Language synthesizes recent research in linguistics, computer science, and experimental psychology as it explores the major computational approaches to language, especially the modeling of processes by which language is comprehended. Among the topics considered are the computationally symbolic basis of language, lexicons as repositories of information, automated text processing, phonology, phototactics, speech synthesis and the persisting challenge of continuous speech, transformational grammars and their successors, linguistic and conceptual approaches to sentence meaning, and discourse coherence and plan-based bridging inferences. The book also explores such up-to-the-minute subjects as neurally-inspired computing, parsing and psychological plausibility, the controversial representation hypothesis, and the ramifications of discourse \"focus.\" With its clear, engaging style and gradual, systematic exposition, Computers and Human Language makes the fast-moving world of computational linguistics readily accessible to students.", |
| "pdf_parse": { |
| "paper_id": "J90-3012", |
| "_pdf_hash": "", |
| "abstract": [ |
| { |
| "text": "Offering an inquiry into the nature of language from the perspective of computing, Computers and Human Language synthesizes recent research in linguistics, computer science, and experimental psychology as it explores the major computational approaches to language, especially the modeling of processes by which language is comprehended. Among the topics considered are the computationally symbolic basis of language, lexicons as repositories of information, automated text processing, phonology, phototactics, speech synthesis and the persisting challenge of continuous speech, transformational grammars and their successors, linguistic and conceptual approaches to sentence meaning, and discourse coherence and plan-based bridging inferences. The book also explores such up-to-the-minute subjects as neurally-inspired computing, parsing and psychological plausibility, the controversial representation hypothesis, and the ramifications of discourse \"focus.\" With its clear, engaging style and gradual, systematic exposition, Computers and Human Language makes the fast-moving world of computational linguistics readily accessible to students.", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "Abstract", |
| "sec_num": null |
| } |
| ], |
| "body_text": [ |
| { |
| "text": "The Cambridge /ACL Series", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "Special Offer--Save 20%", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "AravindJoshi, Editor", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "Studies in Natural Language Processing", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "This series of monographs, texts, and edited volumes is published in cooperation with the Association for Computational Linguistics. INTERNATIONAL FUND $ The ACL set up a fund in 1982 to make ACL memberships and publications available to colleagues who have difficulty in using their national currencies for international transactions or for whom membership would otherwise be impossible. Contributions may be tax-deductible in the United States and in some other countries; check local regulations.", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "Studies in Natural Language Processing", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "Representing", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "Relational Models of the Lexicon", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "PAYMENT: Prepayment is necessary; invoices are available on request. The U.S. dollar price is definitive when paying in other currencies. Checks and money orders should be made out to the Association for Computational Linguistics (or to ACL). Payments can be made to one of the addresses below, as follows:", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "Relational Models of the Lexicon", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "1. In the USA to Walker; mail this dues statement with a check or money order payable to ACL. ", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "Relational Models of the Lexicon", |
| "sec_num": null |
| } |
| ], |
| "back_matter": [ |
| { |
| "text": "CL Microfiche Back Issues from 1974 Issues from -1978 BACK ISSUES $ Additional for 1st class or air (Each volume-year: $5 U.S., Canada, & Mexico; $10 elsewhere): BACK ISSUE MAILING $ Microfiche only: 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 [No issue publishedin 1979 CIRCLE VOLUME-YEARS REQUESTED (Each: $25 Regular, $15 Student; others $50):BACK ISSUES $ Additional for 1st class or air (Each volume-year: $10 U.S., Canada, & ]Mexico; $20 elsewhere): BACK ISSUE MAILING $ Print withmicrofiche: 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 Print only: 1988 1989 ", |
| "cite_spans": [ |
| { |
| "start": 19, |
| "end": 35, |
| "text": "Issues from 1974", |
| "ref_id": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "start": 36, |
| "end": 53, |
| "text": "Issues from -1978", |
| "ref_id": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "start": 167, |
| "end": 204, |
| "text": "ISSUE MAILING $ Microfiche only: 1974", |
| "ref_id": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "start": 205, |
| "end": 209, |
| "text": "1975", |
| "ref_id": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "start": 210, |
| "end": 214, |
| "text": "1976", |
| "ref_id": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "start": 215, |
| "end": 219, |
| "text": "1977", |
| "ref_id": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "start": 220, |
| "end": 224, |
| "text": "1978", |
| "ref_id": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "start": 225, |
| "end": 251, |
| "text": "[No issue publishedin 1979", |
| "ref_id": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "start": 442, |
| "end": 484, |
| "text": "ISSUE MAILING $ Print withmicrofiche: 1980", |
| "ref_id": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "start": 485, |
| "end": 489, |
| "text": "1981", |
| "ref_id": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "start": 490, |
| "end": 494, |
| "text": "1982", |
| "ref_id": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "start": 495, |
| "end": 499, |
| "text": "1984", |
| "ref_id": "BIBREF6" |
| }, |
| { |
| "start": 500, |
| "end": 504, |
| "text": "1985", |
| "ref_id": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "start": 505, |
| "end": 509, |
| "text": "1986", |
| "ref_id": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "start": 510, |
| "end": 526, |
| "text": "Print only: 1988", |
| "ref_id": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "start": 527, |
| "end": 531, |
| "text": "1989", |
| "ref_id": null |
| } |
| ], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "ORDER FORM FOR ACL BACK ISSUES AND PROCEEDINGS", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "Manuscripts to Computational Linguistics should be submitted on letter-size paper (8.5 by 11 inches, or A4), double-spaced throughout, including footnotes and references. The paper should begin with an informative abstract of approximately 150-250 words. Manuscripts must be written in English. Contact the editor regarding the possibility of electronic submission.Submissions may be made in any of the following categories:PAPER: This category includes contributions that report significant new research results in computational linguistics or that provide critical reviews of the literature on a particular topic. The length of a paper depends on its content, but we suggest that manuscripts be limited to forty double-spaced pages. That is the equivalent of twelve journal pages. Each paper is fully refereed, being read by at least two members of the editorial board and usually by an additional expert in the particular subject matter. The submission of an article to CL for refereeing means that the author certifies the manuscript is not copyrighted; nor has it been published or submitted for publication to another refereed journal. If any version of the paper has appeared, or will appear, in a non-refereed publication, the details of such publication must be made known to the Editor at the time of submission. The final version of a paper tentatively accepted for publication must be accompanied by a Copyright Transfer Agreement signed by all of the authors or, in the case of a \"work for hire,\" by the employer. This written transfer is necessary under the 1978 U.S. Copyright law.", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "Guidelines for Submissions", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "This category includes short articles reporting preliminary results of some project in progress, or the results of other studies of interest to the readership. Technical correspondences should not generally exceed eight double-spaced pages. Each technical correspondence is reviewed by at least two members of the editorial board before acceptance.", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "TECHNICAL CORRESPONDENCE:", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "This includes statements of opinion on issues relevant to the readership. The Editor and the editorial board will evaluate the appropriateness of these contributions for inclusion.Five copies of papers, technical correspondences, and letters should be sent to the Editor: The FINITE STRING Editor should receive (a) copies of technical reports and reprints of papers published elsewhere--or at least citation information and abstracts of such items and of books and monographs; (b) summaries of research in progress---of particular interest would be perspectives on the activities at a particular institution; (c) announcements of meetings of potential interest to the membership; and (d) personal notes (e.g., honors, moving, changes in status). Time-sensitive material should be received by the first day of the second month of each quarter to appear in the next issue. -Treasurer (1977 -Treasurer ( -1990 Donald E. Walker Bellcore, MRE 2A379 445 South Street, Box 1910 Morristown, NJ 07960-1910 ", |
| "cite_spans": [ |
| { |
| "start": 872, |
| "end": 888, |
| "text": "-Treasurer (1977", |
| "ref_id": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "start": 889, |
| "end": 907, |
| "text": "-Treasurer ( -1990", |
| "ref_id": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "start": 935, |
| "end": 971, |
| "text": "MRE 2A379 445 South Street, Box 1910", |
| "ref_id": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "start": 972, |
| "end": 997, |
| "text": "Morristown, NJ 07960-1910", |
| "ref_id": null |
| } |
| ], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "LETI'ERS TO THE EDITOR:", |
| "sec_num": null |
| } |
| ], |
| "bib_entries": { |
| "BIBREF6": { |
| "ref_id": "b6", |
| "title": "Members $45; others $90) COLING-84 PROCEEDINGS $ Additional for 1st class or air ($12", |
| "authors": [], |
| "year": 1984, |
| "venue": "CHECK COLING PROCEEDINGS REQUESTED (note differences in prices and in additional charges for 1st class or air delivery): I--1COLING-84", |
| "volume": "", |
| "issue": "", |
| "pages": "", |
| "other_ids": {}, |
| "num": null, |
| "urls": [], |
| "raw_text": "CHECK COLING PROCEEDINGS REQUESTED (note differences in prices and in additional charges for 1st class or air delivery): I--1COLING-84, Stanford, 1984 (Members $45; others $90) COLING-84 PROCEEDINGS $ Additional for 1st class or air ($12 U.S., Canada, & Mexico; $24 elsewhere): COLING-84 PROCEEDINGS MAILING $.__ r'qCOLING-86, Bonn, 1986 (through ACL: $65 surface delivery; $80 air): COLING-86 PROCEEDINGS $ (through Bonn: 95 DM surface delivery; 120 DM air; order from IKS e.V., Poppelsdorfer Allee 47, D-5300 Bonn 1, WEST GERMANY; +49]228]735645; UPK000%DBNRHRZ1.BITNET; pay IKS by check or by bank transfer to Bank fttr Gemeinwirtschaft Bonn, Account no. 1205 163 900, BLZ 5;80 101 11)", |
| "links": null |
| }, |
| "BIBREF7": { |
| "ref_id": "b7", |
| "title": "Members $75; others $:[50): Additional for 1st class or air ($16", |
| "authors": [], |
| "year": 1988, |
| "venue": "", |
| "volume": "", |
| "issue": "", |
| "pages": "", |
| "other_ids": {}, |
| "num": null, |
| "urls": [], |
| "raw_text": "r\"lCOLING-88 (2 volumes), Budapest, 1988 (Members $75; others $:[50): Additional for 1st class or air ($16 U.S., Canada, & Mexico; $32 elsewhere):", |
| "links": null |
| }, |
| "BIBREF8": { |
| "ref_id": "b8", |
| "title": "Members $95; others $190): Additional for 1st class or air ($20", |
| "authors": [], |
| "year": 1990, |
| "venue": "COLING-90 (3 volumes)", |
| "volume": "", |
| "issue": "", |
| "pages": "", |
| "other_ids": {}, |
| "num": null, |
| "urls": [], |
| "raw_text": "COLING-90 (3 volumes), Helsinki, 1990 (Members $95; others $190): Additional for 1st class or air ($20 U.S., Canada, & Mexico; $40 elsewhere): COLING-88 PROCEEDINGS $ COLING-88 PROCEEDINGS MAILING $ COLING-90 PROCEEDINGS $ COLING-90 PROCEEDINGS MAILING $.", |
| "links": null |
| } |
| }, |
| "ref_entries": { |
| "TABREF0": { |
| "type_str": "table", |
| "num": null, |
| "text": "Membership in the Association for Computational Linguistics is for the calendar year, regardless of when dues are paid. Membership includes a full year of the ACL journal Computational Linguistics, reduced registration at most ACL-sponsored conferences, and discounts on ACL-sponsored publications. A late payment fee will be charged for renewals made after 15 March; this fee does not apply to new members. Institutions now subscribe to the journal through MIT Press Journals, 55 Hayward Street, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA; (+1-617)253-2889. Back issues and proceedings are available only from the ACL Office, except that institutions should backorder journals from 1988 on through MIT Press. An order form is on the other side of this statement. Payments for dues, back issues, and proceedings can be made in Europe and Japan as well as the U.S.; most Europeans should pay through Europe; read the directions under the heading PAYMENT below carefully. Identify your institutional affiliation if it is not part of your address. Also provide your telephone country & city codes and your computer network & email address.", |
| "content": "<table><tr><td/><td/><td colspan=\"2\">ACL 1990 DUES STATEMENT</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">ACL MEMBERSHIP</td><td>DIRECTORY</td><td>Planned; Please Provide Complete Phone & Email Information</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td colspan=\"2\">Linguistic Inquiry</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td colspan=\"2\">Samuel Jay Keyser, Editor-in-Chief</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td colspan=\"2\">Published quarterly by The MIT Press</td></tr><tr><td>FULL NAME</td><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>ADDRESS</td><td/><td/><td>Highly respected for its</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td>sustained excellence in</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"4\">Knowledge in Semantic Networks Martha Walton Evens, Editor 400 pp. Tables/line diagrams COMPUTER NETWORK & EMAIL ADDRESS INSTITUTION</td><td>quality of scholarship, Systemic Text Generation as Linguistic Inquiry leads the Problem Solving Terry Patten field in research on current TELEPHONE 275 pp. Some line diagrams 35076-X Hardcover $34.50 \u00a325.00 topics in linguistic theory.</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"4\">36300-4 Please correct any errors in the label provided. Provide prompt notification of address changes; copies returned because of bad Hardcover $34.50 \u00a327.50 Is,,;ue after issue, LI keeps</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"4\">Available in paper... you informed of new addresses will not be remailed until a $3.00 postage and handling fee is remitted.</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"4\">Machine Translation Theoretical and Methodological Issues Serget Nirenburg, Editor 360 pp. Tables and line diagrams 33125-0 Hardcover $52.50 \u00a330.00 33696-1 Paper $19.95 CHECK MEMBERSHIP CATEGORY: \u00a312.50 The Linguistic Basis of FqRegular($25) OJoint($30) [3Student(S15 with ID) (surface mailing costs included) Computational Linguistics theoretical developments by An Introduction Ralph Grishman presenting the latest in 225 pp. Many line diagrams international research. 31038-5 Paper $14.95 \u00a3 8.50 DUES $ Contributors include some of the world's most celebrated Spatial Cognition linguists whose articles Additional for 1st class or air ($10 U.S., Canada, & Mexico; $20 elsewhere): DUES MAILING $ An Interdisciplinary Study of the Prepositions in English transcend disciplinary $10 late payment for renewals after 15 March 1990 LATE PAYMENT FEE $ Text Generation Annette Herskovits botmdaries and bridge Laurence Danlos 250 pp. Some line diagrams 32938-8 Hardcover $42.50 Keep informed about current \u00a330.00 225 pp. Tables and line diagrams 26690-4 Hardcover $37.50 \u00a327.50 language families. INTERNATIONAL FUND:</td></tr><tr><td>275 pp. 32203-0</td><td colspan=\"3\">Tables and line diagrams Hardcover $32.50 \u00a325.00</td><td>Natural Language Parsing research in linguistics. Psychological, Computational, Subscribe to Linguistic and Theoretical Tables and diagrams Editors: David 413 pp. lmluiry today!</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"4\">Memory and Context for Language Interpretation Hiyan Alsbawi 200 pp. Some line diagrams 34059-4 Hardcover $32.50 \u00a325.00 One year: $40 individual, $80 institution, $28 student/ retired. Add $14 postage and handling outside U.S.A. ISSN 0024-3892</td><td>26203-8 Machine Translation Systems Hardcover $59.50 \u00a340.00 Prepayment is required. Send check drawn against a U.S. bank in U.S. funds, MasterCard or VISA number Jonathan Slocum, Editor 325 pp. Some tables/line diagrams 35166-9 Hardcover $49.50 \u00a327.50 35963-5 Paper $16.95 \u00a39.50 to: M][T Press Journals 55 Hayward Street</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td>Cambridge, MA 02142</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td>(61t7) 253-2889</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td>In the U.S. and Canada, order from: FAX (617) 258-6779</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td colspan=\"2\">CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS</td></tr></table>", |
| "html": null |
| }, |
| "TABREF1": { |
| "type_str": "table", |
| "num": null, |
| "text": "In Europe to Rosner; mail this dues statement with a check or money order in Swiss francs or the equivalent in your local currency on the day the check is written, payable to ACL. Ensure that the check is payable in Switzerland or France. Do not issue a check or money order in U.S. dollars unless it is drawn on a U.S. Bank. Payment can also be made by bank transfer to ACL account number 141.880.LAV at the Union Bank of Switzerland, 8 rue de Rhone, CH-1211 Geneva 11, SWITZERLAND. Send Rosner a copy of the bank transfer as well as the dues statement. Note: EUROPEAN MEMBERS SHOULD PAY THROUGH In Japan to Nagao; transfer an equivalent amount in yen on the day of payment to \"Dai-ichi Kangyo Bank, Hyakumanben Branch; Ordinary Deposit, 476-1319944; Name: Keisangengogakkai Kaihi Nagao Makoto.\" Mail this dues statement to Walker together with a copy of the bank transfer. Also send Nagao a copy of the bank transfer. Note: THE DUES STATEMENT MUST BE", |
| "content": "<table><tr><td/><td/><td>Note: PAYMENTS IN THE USA</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">MUST BE MADE IN U.S. DOLLARS, DRAWN ON A U.S. BANK.</td><td/></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">2. ROSNER UNLESS THEY HAVE A U.S. BANK ACCOUNT.</td><td/></tr><tr><td>3. Dr. Donald E. Walker (ACL) Bellcore, MRE 2A379 445 South Street, Box 1910 Morristown, NJ 07960-1910, USA</td><td>Dr. Michael Rosner (ACL) IDSIA Corso Elvezia 36 CH-6900 Lugano, SWITZERLAND</td><td>Prof. Makato Nagao (ACL) Electrical Engineering Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo, Kyoto, JAPAN</td></tr></table>", |
| "html": null |
| } |
| } |
| } |
| } |
