| { |
| "paper_id": "O07-2002", |
| "header": { |
| "generated_with": "S2ORC 1.0.0", |
| "date_generated": "2023-01-19T08:08:30.088259Z" |
| }, |
| "title": "A Study on Prosodic Modeling for Isolated Mandarin Words", |
| "authors": [ |
| { |
| "first": "Chi-Feng", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "\u9673\u555f\u98a8", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": { |
| "laboratory": "", |
| "institution": "\u570b\uf9f7\u4ea4\u901a\u5927\u5b78\u96fb\u4fe1\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b78\u7cfb Department of Communication Engineering National Chiao Tung University", |
| "location": {} |
| }, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Chen", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": { |
| "laboratory": "", |
| "institution": "\u570b\uf9f7\u4ea4\u901a\u5927\u5b78\u96fb\u4fe1\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b78\u7cfb Department of Communication Engineering National Chiao Tung University", |
| "location": {} |
| }, |
| "email": "schen@mail.nctu.edu.tw" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Chen-Yu", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "\u6c5f\u632f\u5b87", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": { |
| "laboratory": "", |
| "institution": "Chiao Tung University", |
| "location": {} |
| }, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Chiang", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": { |
| "laboratory": "", |
| "institution": "Chiao Tung University", |
| "location": {} |
| }, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Yih-Ru", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "\u738b\u9038\u5982", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": { |
| "laboratory": "", |
| "institution": "Chiao Tung University", |
| "location": {} |
| }, |
| "email": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Wang", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": { |
| "laboratory": "", |
| "institution": "Chiao Tung University", |
| "location": {} |
| }, |
| "email": "yrwang@cc.nctu.edu.tw" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Sin-Horng", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "\u9673\u4fe1\u5b8f", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": { |
| "laboratory": "", |
| "institution": "Chiao Tung University", |
| "location": {} |
| }, |
| "email": "" |
| } |
| ], |
| "year": "", |
| "venue": null, |
| "identifiers": {}, |
| "abstract": "In this paper, syllable-based prosody modelings of pitch contour and syllable duration for isolated Mandarin words are proposed. In the syllable pitch contour model, three main affecting factors of tone, syllable position in word, and inter-syllable coarticulation are considered. These three affecting factors are assumed to be independent and additive. Similarly, in the syllable duration model, four affecting factors of tone, syllable position in word, base-syllable, and inter-syllable coarticulation are considered. We also assume that these affecting factors are independent and additive. A large single female-speaker speech database containing 107,936 words was used to evaluate the performance of the proposed methods. After well-training, the decision tree method was used to analyze the 411 affecting factors of base-syllable and to explore the relationship between inter-syllable pause duration and the nearby linguistic features. Experimental results showed that all these affecting factors conformed to our knowledge about Mandarin prosody.", |
| "pdf_parse": { |
| "paper_id": "O07-2002", |
| "_pdf_hash": "", |
| "abstract": [ |
| { |
| "text": "In this paper, syllable-based prosody modelings of pitch contour and syllable duration for isolated Mandarin words are proposed. In the syllable pitch contour model, three main affecting factors of tone, syllable position in word, and inter-syllable coarticulation are considered. These three affecting factors are assumed to be independent and additive. Similarly, in the syllable duration model, four affecting factors of tone, syllable position in word, base-syllable, and inter-syllable coarticulation are considered. We also assume that these affecting factors are independent and additive. A large single female-speaker speech database containing 107,936 words was used to evaluate the performance of the proposed methods. After well-training, the decision tree method was used to analyze the 411 affecting factors of base-syllable and to explore the relationship between inter-syllable pause duration and the nearby linguistic features. Experimental results showed that all these affecting factors conformed to our knowledge about Mandarin prosody.", |
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| "section": "Abstract", |
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| "body_text": [ |
| { |
| "text": "EQUATION", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [ |
| { |
| "start": 0, |
| "end": 8, |
| "text": "EQUATION", |
| "ref_id": "EQREF", |
| "raw_str": "= + + + + + + (2) \u5176\u4e2d \u3001 \u3001 n sd r n sd n t \u03b3 \u3001 n w \u03b3 \u3001 n sy \u03b3 \u5206\u5225\u70ba duration \u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7b2c n \u500b\u97f3\u7bc0\u7684\u9577\ufa01\u3001\u9577\ufa01\u6b98\u9918\u503c\u3001 \u8072\u8abf\u3001\u8a5e\u4e2d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ca\u57fa\u672c\u97f3\u7bc0\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u7d20\uff1b \u3001 n c _ n fi in \u5206\u5225\u70ba\u5728\u7b2c n \u500b\u97f3\u7bc0\u8207\u7b2c n+1 \u500b\u97f3 \u7bc0\u9593\u7684\uf99a\u97f3\uf9fa\u614b\u53ca\u7b2c n \u500b\u97f3\u7bc0\u97fb\u6bcd\uf9d0\u5225\u8207\u7b2c n+1 \u500b\u97f3\u7bc0\u8072\u6bcd\uf9d0\u5225\u4e4b\u7d44\u5408(final-initial class pair)\uff1b \u70ba\u7b2c n \u500b\u97f3\u7bc0\u9577\ufa01\u53d7\u7b2c n+1 \u500b\u97f3\u7bc0\u7684\u5f8c\u5411\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u7d20(backward affecting factor)\uff1b \u70ba\u7b2c n \u500b\u97f3\u7bc0\u9577\ufa01\u53d7\u7b2c n-1 \u500b\u97f3\u7bc0\u7684\u524d\u5411\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u7d20(forward affecting factor)\uff1b , n n b c fi_in \u03b3 1 1 , n n f c fi_in \u03b3 \u2212 \u2212 d \u03bc \u70ba\u97f3\u7bc0\u9577\ufa01\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u5e73\u5747(global mean)\u3002\u97f3\u7bc0\u97fb\uf9d8\u8207\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u793a\u610f\u5716\u4ee5 pitch \u6a21\u578b\u70ba\uf9b5\uff0c\u5982\u5716\u4e00\uff1a 1 t \u03b2 1 n t \u2212 \u03b2 n t \u03b2 1 n t + \u03b2 N t \u03b2 1 w \u03b2 1 n w \u2212 \u03b2 n w \u03b2 1 n w + \u03b2 N w \u03b2 2 2 , n n f c tp \u2212 \u2212 \u03b2 1 1 , n n f c tp \u2212 \u2212 \u03b2 , n n f c tp \u03b2 1 1 , n n f c tp + + \u03b2 1 sp 1 n\u2212 sp n sp 1 n+ sp N sp 2 2 , n n b c tp \u2212 \u2212 \u03b2 1 1 , n n b c tp \u2212 \u2212 \u03b2 , n n b c tp \u03b2 1 1 , n n b c tp + + \u03b2 \u5716\u4e00\u3001\u97f3\u7bc0\u57fa\u983b\u8ecc\u8de1\uf96b\uf969\u5411\uf97e\u8207\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u7d20\u95dc\u4fc2\u5716 \u6211 \u5011 \u5206 \u5225 \u5047 \u8a2d \u53ca \u5448 \u53ca \u7684 \u9ad8 \u65af \u5206 \u4f48 (Gaussian distribution)\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 \u8207 \u53ef\u8868\u793a\u6210\uf969\u5b78\u5f0f\u5982\u5f0f(3)\u53ca(4)\uff1a r n sp r n sd ( ; , r p n N sp 0 R ) ) ) ( ;0, r d n N sd R n sp n sd 1 1 1 1 , , ( | , , ,", |
| "eq_num": ", , ) ( ;" |
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| "section": "", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "EQUATION", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [ |
| { |
| "start": 0, |
| "end": 8, |
| "text": "EQUATION", |
| "ref_id": "EQREF", |
| "raw_str": "= + + + + sp sp \u03b2 \u03b2 \u03b2 \u03b2 \u03bc R p )", |
| "eq_num": "(3)" |
| } |
| ], |
| "section": "", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "EQUATION", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [ |
| { |
| "start": 0, |
| "end": 8, |
| "text": "EQUATION", |
| "ref_id": "EQREF", |
| "raw_str": "1 1 1 1 , , ( | , , , ,", |
| "eq_num": ", , ) ( ;" |
| } |
| ], |
| "section": "", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "EQUATION", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [ |
| { |
| "start": 0, |
| "end": 8, |
| "text": "EQUATION", |
| "ref_id": "EQREF", |
| "raw_str": "= = + + + + \u2211 sp \u03b2 \u03b2 \u03b2 \u03b2 \u03bc R p p b d d R (5) 1 1 , , 1 log ( ; , ) n n n n n n n N d f n t w sy c fi_in c fi_in n L N s d \u03b3 \u03b3 \u03b3 \u03b3 \u03b3 \u03bc \u2212 \u2212 = = + + + + + \u2211 (6) pitch \u4ee5\u53ca duration \u6a21\u578b\u7368\uf9f7\u8a13\uf996\u5404\u81ea\u7684\uf96b\uf969\uff0c\u4e14\u8a13\uf996\u65b9\u6cd5\uf9d0\u4f3c\uff0c\u8a13\uf996\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u53ef\u5206\u70ba\uf978\u5927 \u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u70ba\uf96b\uf969\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u4efd\u70ba\u4ee5\u758a\u4ee3\u6cd5\u7684 sequential optimization\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b \u4ee5\u8a13\uf996 pitch \u6a21\u578b\u70ba\uf9b5\uff1a (\u4e00) \u3001\uf96b\uf969\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316(Initialization) (a) \u76f4\u63a5\u5e73\u5747\u6240\u6709\u97f3\u7bc0\u7684 \uff0c\u6c42\u51fa\u6574\u9ad4 pitch \u5e73\u5747(global pitch mean) n sp p \u03bc (b) \u4ee5\u4e0b\u5f0f\u6c42\u53d6\u8072\u8abf\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u503c\uff1a ( ) ( -) ( ) = ,for 1, 2..5 ( ) p n n n t n n t t t t t \u03b4 \u03b4 = = = \u2211 \u2211 sp \u03bc \u03b2 (7) (c) \u4ee5\u4e0b\u5f0f\u6c42\u53d6\u8a5e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u503c\uff1a ( ) ( --) ( ) = ,for (2,1), (2, 2)..(8,8) ( ) n p n t n n w n n w w w w w \u03b4 \u03b4 = = = \u2211 \u2211 sp \u03b2 \u03bc \u03b2 (8) (d) \u4ee5\u4e0b\uf99c\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u6a19\u8a18\u97f3\u7bc0\u9593\u7684\uf99a\u97f3\uf9fa\u614b n c I. \uf974\uf978\u97f3\u7bc0\u9593\u57fa\u983b\u8ecc\u8de1\u76f8\uf99a\u63a5\uff0c\u8868\u793a\uf978\uf99a\u97f3\u4e92\u76f8\u5f71\u97ff\u7a0b\ufa01\u5f37\uff0c\uf99a\u97f3\uf9fa\u614b\u6a19\u8a18 \u70ba\u5f37\uf99a\u97f3 c1\u3002 II. \uf978\u97f3\u7bc0\u9593\u7684\u57fa\u983b\u8ecc\u8de1\uf967\u76f8\uf99a\u63a5\uff0c\u4f46\u97f3\u7bc0\u9593\u7684\u9593\u9694\u5340\u9593\u5167\u6700\u4f4e\u80fd\uf97e\u8f03\u5927(\u5927 \u65bc\u4e00\u500b\uf9f6\u754c\u503c)\uff0c\uf99a\u97f3\uf9fa\u614b\u6a19\u8a18\u70ba\u6b63\u5e38\uf99a\u97f3 c2 \u3002 III. \uf967\u6eff\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0a\u689d\u4ef6\u8005\uff0c\u5247\uf99a\u97f3\uf9fa\u614b\u6a19\u8a18\u70ba\u5f31\uf99a\u97f3 c3\u3002 (e) \u6c42\u53d6\u524d\u5f8c\u97f3\u7bc0\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u5f0f\uff1a (", |
| "eq_num": ") ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ( ) ( ) )" |
| } |
| ], |
| "section": "", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "EQUATION", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [ |
| { |
| "start": 0, |
| "end": 8, |
| "text": "EQUATION", |
| "ref_id": "EQREF", |
| "raw_str": "\u03b2 p R \u5716\u4e8c\u3001\u8a13\uf996\uf9ca\u7a0b\u5716 \u800c duration model \u5404\u500b\uf96b\uf969\uf901\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u8207 pitch model \uf9d0\u4f3c\uff0c\u800c\uf96b\uf969\uf901\u65b0\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u70ba\u8072\u8abf ( t \u03b3 )\u3001word-position( w \u03b3 )\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u97f3\u7bc0( sy \u03b3 )\u3001\u53d7\u524d\u5f8c\u97f3\u7bc0\u7b49\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u7d20( )\u53ca covariance matrix( , ,", |
| "eq_num": ", f b" |
| } |
| ], |
| "section": "", |
| "sec_num": null |
| } |
| ], |
| "back_matter": [], |
| "bib_entries": { |
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| "ref_entries": { |
| "FIGREF1": { |
| "uris": null, |
| "text": "For c = 1~3 and tp=( i,j ) (\u4e8c) \u3001\u4ee5\u758a\u4ee3\u6cd5\u7684 sequential optimization \u5404\u500b\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u7d20\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5f8c\u4f9d\u5e8f\u5c07\u8072\u8abf( )\u3001word-position( )\u3001\u53d7\u524d\u5f8c\u97f3\u7bc0\u7b49\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u7d20 (", |
| "type_str": "figure", |
| "num": null |
| }, |
| "FIGREF2": { |
| "uris": null, |
| "text": "", |
| "type_str": "figure", |
| "num": null |
| }, |
| "FIGREF3": { |
| "uris": null, |
| "text": ")\u3001{b\u3001d\u3001g}(Q2)\u6216\u97fb\u6bcd\uf9d0\u5225\u70ba\u55ae\u6bcd\u97f3(Q8)\u9019\uf9d0\u97f3\u7bc0\u9577\ufa01\u8f03\u77ed\uff0c\u800c\u9f3b \u97f3\u7d50\u675f(Q10)\u3001{f,s,sh,x,h}(Q3)\u53ca{c,ch,q}(Q5)\u9019\uf9d0\u6469\u64e6\u97f3\u7684\u97f3\u7bc0\u9577\ufa01\u6703\u8f03\u9577\u3002 \u5716\u5341\u4e94\u3001\u4ee5\u6c7a\u7b56\u6a39\u5206\u6790\u97f3\u7bc0\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u7d20\u5206\uf9d0\u7d50\u679c", |
| "type_str": "figure", |
| "num": null |
| }, |
| "TABREF0": { |
| "text": "\u3001\u97f3\u7bc0\u5728\u8a5e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e(word-position)\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u97f3\u7bc0(base syllable)\u3001\u97f3\u7bc0\u9593 \u7684\uf99a\u97f3\uf9fa\u614b(inter-syllable coarticulation state)\u3002", |
| "type_str": "table", |
| "content": "<table><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u5176\u4e2d</td><td>sp</td><td>n</td><td colspan=\"2\">\u3001</td><td>sp</td><td>r n</td><td colspan=\"8\">\u3001 \u3001 \u5206\u5225\u70ba pitch \u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7b2c n \u500b\u97f3\u7bc0\u7684\u57fa\u983b\u8ecc\u8de1\uf96b\uf969\u5411\uf97e\u3001\u57fa\u983b\u8ecc n t \u03b2 n w \u03b2</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"16\">\u8de1\uf96b\uf969\u5411\uf97e\u6b98\u9918\u503c(residual)\u3001\u8072\u8abf\u53ca\u8a5e\u4e2d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u7d20\uff1b</td><td>sp</td><td>n</td><td>\u70ba\u7531\u4e00\u6bb5\u97f3\u7bc0\u57fa\u983b\u8ecc\u8de1\u8f49</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"16\">\u5316\u70ba\u56db\u500b\u6b63\u4ea4\uf96b\uf969\u8868\u793a\u7684\u5411\uf97e\uff0c\u8f49\u63db\u65b9\u6cd5\uf96b\ufa0a [5]\uff1b</td><td>n w</td><td>{(2,1), (2, 2),..( , ),..(8,8)} jk \u2208</td><td>\u4ee3\u8868</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"13\">\u97f3\u7bc0\u5728\u8a5e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d</td><td colspan=\"3\">( , ) j k</td><td>\u4ee3\u8868 j \u5b57\u8a5e\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c k \u500b\u97f3\u7bc0\uff1b \u3001 n c</td><td>+1 =( , ) n n tp t t n</td><td>\u5206\u5225\u70ba\u5728\u7b2c n</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"16\">\u500b\u97f3\u7bc0\u8207\u7b2c n+1 \u500b\u97f3\u7bc0\u9593\u7684\uf99a\u97f3\uf9fa\u614b\u3001\u8072\u8abf\u7d44\u5408(tone pair)\uff0c\u5728\u9019\uf9e8\u97f3\u7bc0\u9593\u7684\uf99a\u97f3\uf9fa\u614b</td></tr><tr><td>n c \u2208</td><td colspan=\"8\">{c1, c2, c3}</td><td colspan=\"7\">\u4ee3\u8868\u97f3\u7bc0\u9593\u7684\uf99a\u97f3\u7a0b\ufa01\uff0c \u3001 \u3001 \u5206\u5225\u70ba\u5f37\uf99a\u97f3(tight)\u3001\u6b63\u5e38\uf99a\u97f3 c1 c2 c3</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"15\">(normal)\u3001\u5f31\uf99a\u97f3(loose)\uff1b</td><td>, n n b c tp \u03b2</td><td>\u70ba\u7b2c n \u500b\u97f3\u7bc0\u53d7\u7b2c n+1 \u500b\u97f3\u7bc0\u7684\u5f8c\u5411\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u7d20(backward</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"10\">affecting factor)\uff1b</td><td colspan=\"2\">-1 c tp , n n f \u03b2</td><td colspan=\"2\">-1</td><td colspan=\"2\">\u70ba\u7b2c n \u500b\u97f3\u7bc0\u53d7\u7b2c n-1 \u500b\u97f3\u7bc0\u7684\u524d\u5411\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u7d20(forward affecting</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">factor)\uff1b</td><td colspan=\"11\">p \u03bc \u70ba\u57fa\u983b\u8ecc\u8de1\uf96b\uf969\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u5e73\u5747(global mean)\u3002</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"15\">(\u4e8c) \u3001\u97f3\u7bc0\u9577\ufa01\u6a21\u578b</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"16\">\u5047\u8a2d\u6240\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u7d20\u53ef\u7528\uf94f\u52a0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uf92d\u8868\u793a\u97f3\u7bc0\u7684\u9577\ufa01\uff0c\u5982\u5f0f\u5b50(2)\uff1a</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"11\">\u4e00\u3001\u7dd2\uf941 n sd sd \u03b3 \u03b3 n r n t</td><td colspan=\"3\">n w</td><td colspan=\"2\">\u03b3</td><td>sy</td><td>n</td><td>\u03b3</td><td>n f c</td><td>1 \u2212</td><td>,</td><td>n fi_in</td><td>1 \u2212</td><td>\u03b3</td><td>n b c fi_in n ,</td><td>\u03bc</td><td>d</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"16\">\u6587\uf906\u8f49\u8a9e\u97f3\u7cfb\u7d71\u8981\u80fd\u5408\u6210\u51fa\u81ea\u7136\uf9ca\uf9dd\u7684\u8a9e\u97f3\uff0c\u95dc\u9375\u5728\u65bc\u97fb\uf9d8\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u662f\u5426\u81ea\u7136\u9806\u66a2\u3002\u97fb\uf9d8</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"16\">\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u5305\u62ec\u97f3\u8abf\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e\u8d77\u4f0f\u3001\u97f3\uf97e\u7684\u5f37\u5f31\u3001\u767c\u97f3\u7684\u9577\u77ed\u53ca\u505c\u9813\u7684\u6642\u6a5f\u3001\u9577\ufa01\u7b49\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u97fb</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"16\">\uf9d8\u7684\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u5927\u81f4\u5206\u70ba\u898f\u5247\u6cd5 [1,2]\u3001\uf9d0\u795e\u7d93\u7db2\uf937 [3,4]\u548c\u7d71\u8a08\u6cd5\u3002\u898f\u5247\u6cd5\u662f\u4ee5\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u7684</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"16\">\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6b78\u7d0d\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u767c\u97f3\u7684\u898f\u5247\uff0c\uf9dd\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u898f\u5247\uf92d\u7522\u751f\u5408\u6210\u8a9e\u97f3\u7684\u97fb\uf9d8\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4eba\uf9d0\uf96f\u8a71\u7684</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"16\">\u65b9\u5f0f\u8b8a\u5316\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\uf967\u5bb9\uf9e0\u638c\u63e1\u3002\uf9d0\u795e\u7d93\u7db2\uf937\u662f\uf9dd\u7528\u4e00\u7d44\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u7db2\uf937\uf92d\u6a21\u64ec\u4eba\u8166\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u8207\u5b78</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"16\">\u7fd2\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5176\u5b78\u7fd2\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u63a1\u7528\u6f38\u9032\u5f0f\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\u932f\u8aa4\u8207\uf901\u65b0\u8a18\u61b6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9700\u7d93\u7531\u9577\u6642\u9593\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"16\">\u8a13\uf996\uff0c\u96d6\u6709\uf967\u932f\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u7121\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u5f71\u97ff\u97fb\uf9d8\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ee5\u7d71\u8a08\u6cd5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u5f9e\u5927\uf97e</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"16\">\u7684\u8a9e\u97f3\u8cc7\uf9be\u4e2d\u7d71\u8a08\u51fa\u97fb\uf9d8\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\uf9dd\u7528\u6240\u8003\u616e\u5f71\u97ff\u97fb\uf9d8\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u52a0\u7e3d\u5f8c\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u97fb\uf9d8\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u4e26</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"16\">\u5206\u6790\u5404\u500b\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u7d20\u5c0d\u97fb\uf9d8\u8a0a\u606f\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u7a0b\ufa01\u3002</td></tr><tr><td/><td colspan=\"15\">\u672c\u6587\u8457\u91cd\u65bc\u4ee5\u4e2d\u6587\u55ae\u8a5e\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u4e4b\u97fb\uf9d8\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u63a2\u8a0e\u97f3\u7bc0\u7684\u57fa\u983b\u8ecc\u8de1\u53ca\u9577</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"16\">\ufa01\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8003\u616e\u5e7e\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\uf969\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u85c9\u6b64\uf9ba\u89e3\u4e2d\u6587\u55ae\u8a5e\u7684\u97f3\u7bc0\u57fa\u983b\u8ecc\u8de1\u53ca\u9577\ufa01\u5982\u4f55</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"16\">\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u672a\uf92d\u4e2d\u6587\u8a9e\u97f3\u5408\u6210\u7cfb\u7d71\u7522\u751f\u97fb\uf9d8\u4fe1\u606f\u4e4b\u7528\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u5408\u6210\u51fa\u81ea\u7136\uf9ca\u66a2\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u55ae</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"16\">\u8a5e\u8072\u97f3\u3002\u672c\uf941\u6587\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\uf92d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u4efd\u6703\u4ecb\u7d39\u6211\u5011\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u97fb\uf9d8\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u4efd\u4ecb\u7d39\u6a21\u578b</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"16\">\u7684\u8a13\uf996\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u4efd\u8a0e\uf941\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e94\u90e8\u4efd\u5c0d\u65bc\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u7d66\u4e88\u4e00\u500b\u7d50\uf941\u3002</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"10\">\u4e8c\u3001\u97fb\uf9d8\u6a21\u5f0f</td><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td colspan=\"16\">\u97fb\uf9d8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ee5\u97f3\u7bc0\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u5728\u7d66\u4e88\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u8cc7\u8a0a\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u9810\u6e2c\u97f3\u7bc0\u7684\u57fa\u983b\u8ecc\u8de1\u53ca\u9577\ufa01\uff0c</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"16\">\u505a\u70ba\u97fb\uf9d8\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u4e26\u5206\u6790\u97f3\u7bc0\u57fa\u983b\u8ecc\u8de1\u53ca\u9577\ufa01\u5728\u5404\u500b\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u7a0b\ufa01\u3002\u8003\u616e\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u7d20</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"16\">\u5206\u5225\u70ba\uff1a\u8072\u8abf(tone)(\u4e00) \u3001\u57fa\u983b\u8ecc\u8de1\u4e4b\u97fb\uf9d8\u6a21\u578b</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"16\">\u5047\u8a2d\u6240\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u7d20\u53ef\u7528\uf94f\u52a0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uf92d\u8868\u793a\u97f3\u7bc0\u7684\u57fa\u983b\u8ecc\u8de1\uff0c\u5982\u5f0f\u5b50(1)\uff1a</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td colspan=\"4\">n + + t sp sp \u03b2 \u03b2 r n n =</td><td>n w</td><td>+</td><td>\u03b2</td><td>1 c t p , n n f \u2212</td><td>1 \u2212</td><td>+</td><td>\u03b2</td><td>, c t p n n b</td><td>+</td><td>\u03bc p</td><td>(1)</td></tr></table>", |
| "html": null, |
| "num": null |
| }, |
| "TABREF5": { |
| "text": "5\u3001Variance \u6bd4\u8f03 \u8a13\uf996\u6a21\u578b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ee5\u8a13\uf996\u524d variance \u70ba 9304.5 \u8207\u8a13\uf996\u5f8c variance \u70ba 2494.7\u3002\u53ef\u89c0\u5bdf\u5f97\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21 \u578b\u5f8c\u8b8a\uf962\uf97e\u660e\u986f\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0b\ufa09\u3002 (\u4e09) \u3001\u4ee5\u6c7a\u7b56\u6a39\u9810\u6e2c pause \u9577\ufa01 \u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u5c0f\u7bc0\u4e2d\uff0c\uf9dd\u7528\u6c7a\u7b56\u6a39\u9810\u6e2c\u97f3\u7bc0\u9593\u7684\uf99a\u97f3\uf9fa\u614b\u53ca pause \u9577\ufa01\uff0c\u5176\u61c9\u7528\u65bc question set \u4e2d\u7684\u8072\u6bcd\uf9d0\u5225\u548c\u97fb\u6bcd\uf9d0\u5225\u5206\u5225\u70ba\uf978\u97f3\u7bc0\u7684\u9593\u9694\u5340\u9593\u76f8\u9130\u7684\u8072\u6bcd\uf9d0\u5225\u53ca\u97fb\u6bcd\uf9d0\u5225\u3002 1\u3001\u9810\u6e2c\u97f3\u7bc0\u9593\u4e4b\uf99a\u97f3\uf9fa\u614b \u4ee5\uf99a\u97f3\uf9fa\u614b\u505a\u70ba\u6c7a\u7b56\u6a39\u5206\uf9d0\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u7531 c1\u8a2d\u503c\u70ba 1\uff0c c2 \u8a2d\u503c\u70ba 2\uff0c c3\u8a2d\u503c\u70ba 3\u3002\u7531\u5206\uf9d0 \u7d50\u679c\u89c0\u5bdf\u5f97\u8072\u6bcd\u70ba NULL (Q1)\u53ca{m,n,l,r}(Q4)\u5206\u5225\u70ba mean=1.1173 \u53ca mean = 1.047\uff0c\u610f \u6307\u5206\u4f48\u8f03\u96c6\u4e2d\u65bc c1\uff1b\u800c\u8072\u6bcd\u70ba{f,s,sh,x,h}(Q3)\uff0c\u6b64\uf9d0 mean=2.1341\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5206\u4f48\u8f03\u96c6\u4e2d\u65bc \uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\uf9d0\u5225\u5047\u8a2d\u70ba c3\u3002\u5982\u5716\u5341\u516b\u6240\u793a\u3002 c2 \u5716\u5341\u516b\u3001\u4ee5\u6c7a\u7b56\u6a39\u5206\u6790\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\uf99a\u97f3\uf9fa\u614b\u7684\u5206\uf9d0\u7d50\u679c 2\u3001\u9810\u6e2c\u97f3\u7bc0\u9593\u4e4b pause \u9577\ufa01 \u7531\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u4e2d pause \u7684\u9577\ufa01\u8996\u70ba\u76ee\u6a19\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u55ae\u4f4d\u70ba\u6beb\u79d2(ms)\u3002 \u7531\u5716\u5341\u4e5d\u89c0\u5bdf\u5f97 Pause \u9577\ufa01 \u5206\uf9d0\u660e\u986f\u8207 pause \u76f8\u9130\u7684\u8072\u6bcd\uf9d0\u5225\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u5c07 Pause \u9577\ufa01\u8207\u8072\u6bcd\uf9d0\u5225\u95dc\u4fc2\u6574\uf9e4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a \u7206\u7834\u97f3_\uf967\u9001\u6c23 > \u7206\u7834\u97f3_\u9001\u6c23 > \uf96c\u64e6\u97f3_\uf967\u9001\u6c23 > \uf96c\u64e6\u97f3_\u9001\u6c23 >\u6469\u64e6\u97f3_\u6e05\u97f3 >m,n,l,r \u53ca\u7a7a\u8072\u6bcd\u3002 \u5047\u8a2d\u9810\u6e2c pause \u9577\ufa01\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\uf9dd\u7528\u76f8\u9130\u7684\u8072\u6bcd\uf9d0\u5225\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u7531\u5716\u5341\u4e5d\u53ef\u89c0\u5bdf\u5f97 pause \u9577 \ufa01\u5206\uf9d0\u7684 mean \u8a2d\u70ba\u9810\u6e2c\u7684 pause \u9577\ufa01\uff0c\u6574\uf9e4\u65bc\u8868\u56db\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8072\u6bcd\uf9d0\u5225\u70ba NULL \u53ca{m,n,l,r} \u7684 mean \u70ba 0.31028\uff0c\u53ef\u5047\u8a2d pause \u9577\ufa01\u70ba 0ms\uff0c\u6eff\u8db3\u7531\u5716\u5341\u516b\u9810\u6e2c\u6b64\u7a2e\uf9d0\u5225\u70ba\uf99a\u97f3\uf9fa\u614b", |
| "type_str": "table", |
| "content": "<table><tr><td colspan=\"8\">\u7b26\u5408\u8a9e\u8a00\u7279\u6027\u3002\u76f8\u4fe1\u672a\uf92d\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u8a9e\u97f3\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u53ef\u660e\u986f\u81ea\u7136\uf9ca\u66a2\u8a31\u591a\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"8\">\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\uf967\u56e0\u8a9e\u8a00\uf967\u540c\u800c\u6709\u6240\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u672a\uf92d\u53ef\u671d\u5411\u5efa\uf9f7\u4e00\u5957\u6574\u5408\u570b\u3001\u53f0\u3001\u5ba2\u8a9e\u7684\u97fb\uf9d8\u7522</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u751f\u5668\u53ca\u97fb\uf9d8\u5206\u6790\u9081\u9032\u3002</td><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>\uf96b\u8003\u6587\u737b</td><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td/><td colspan=\"7\">\u5716\u5341\u4e5d\u3001\u4ee5\u6c7a\u7b56\u6a39\u5206\u6790\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab pause \u9577\ufa01\u7684\u5206\uf9d0\u7d50\u679c</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"8\">\u518d\u5047\u8a2d\u9810\u6e2c pause \u9577\ufa01\u8207 pause \u5728\u8a5e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6709\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\uff0c\uf9dd\u7528 pause \u5728\u8a5e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4ee5\u6c7a</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">\u7b56\u6a39\u5206\u6790\u6574\uf9e4\u65bc\u8868\u4e94\u53ca\u8868\uf9d1\uff1a</td><td/><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td/><td colspan=\"7\">\u8868\u4e94\u3001\u4e8c\u5b57\u8a5e\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b pause \u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684 pause \u9577\ufa01\u9078\u53d6\u8868</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\uf9d0\u5225 1</td><td>2</td><td/><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">(2,1) 0ms</td><td colspan=\"2\">8ms</td><td>56ms</td><td>34ms</td><td>44ms</td><td>29ms</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"8\">\u8868\uf9d1\u3001\u4e09\u5b57\u8a5e\u81f3\u56db\u5b57\u8a5e pause \u5728\u8a5e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684 pause \u9577\ufa01\u9078\u53d6\u8868\u5176\u4e2d(\u8a5e\u9577 , \u8a5e\u4e2d\u7b2c\u5e7e</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td/><td colspan=\"2\">\u500b pause)\u3002</td><td/></tr><tr><td>\u6700\u660e\u986f\u7684 c1\u3002</td><td>\u4f4d\u7f6e</td><td>\uf9d0\u5225</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td colspan=\"2\">\u5176\u4ed6\uf9d0\u5225</td></tr><tr><td/><td>(3,1)</td><td/><td colspan=\"4\">\u8868\u56db\u3001pause \u9577\ufa01\u9078\u53d6\u8868 0ms 5ms 36ms 23ms</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\uf9d0\u5225 \u8072\u6bcd (3,2)</td><td/><td>0ms</td><td>7ms</td><td colspan=\"2\">45ms 28ms</td><td>Pause \u9577\ufa01</td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td colspan=\"6\">\u3107\u3001\u310b\u3001\u310c\u3001\u3116\u3001\u7a7a\u8072\u6bcd (\u9f3b\u97f3_\u6fc1\u97f3) (4,1) 0ms 6ms 33ms 20ms</td><td>0ms</td></tr><tr><td>2 3</td><td colspan=\"6\">\u310f\u3001\u3112\u3001\u3115\u3001\u3108\u3001\u3119 (\u6469\u64e6\u97f3_\u6e05\u97f3) (4,2) 0ms 7ms 41ms 26ms \u3105\u3001\u3109\u3001\u310d (\u7206\u7834\u97f3_\uf967\u9001\u6c23) (4,3) 0ms 8ms 47ms 28ms</td><td>7ms 46ms</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"8\">4 \u7531\u8868\uf9d1\u53ef\u89c0\u5bdf\u5f97\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u97ff pause \u9577\ufa01\u4e3b\u8981\u70ba\u8072\u6bcd\uf9d0\u5225\u6709 1\u30012\u30013 \uf9d0\uff0c\u4e14\u5728\u8a5e\u4e2d\u8f03\u5f8c\u9762\u7684 \u3110\u3001\u3113\u3001\u3117 (\uf96c\u64e6\u97f3_\uf967\u9001\u6c23) 28ms</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\">5 pause \u6709\u8f03\u9577\u7684\u505c\u9813\u6642\u9593\u3002 \u3106\u3001\u310a\u3001\u310e (\u7206\u7834\u97f3_\u9001\u6c23)</td><td/><td/><td>37ms</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td colspan=\"4\">\u3111\u3001\u3114\u3001\u3118 (\uf96c\u64e6\u97f3_\u9001\u6c23)</td><td/><td/><td>24ms</td></tr><tr><td>\u4e94\u3001\u7d50\uf941</td><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td colspan=\"8\">\u4f7f\u7528\u5404\u7a2e\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u7d20\u76f8\u52a0\uff0c\uf92d\u9810\u6e2c\u5404\u7a2e\u97fb\uf9d8\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u53ca\u8a0e\uf941\u5404\u7a2e\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u7d20\u5c0d\u97fb\uf9d8\u8a0a\u606f\u7684\u5206</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"8\">\u6790\uff0c\u7531\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u8b49\u5be6\u5404\u7a2e\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u7d20\u76f8\u52a0\uf965\u53ef\u9810\u6e2c\u5404\u7a2e\u97fb\uf9d8\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u5176\u5404\u7a2e\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u7d20\u5206\u6790\u4e5f</td></tr></table>", |
| "html": null, |
| "num": null |
| } |
| } |
| } |
| } |
