| { |
| "paper_id": "O10-1009", |
| "header": { |
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| "date_generated": "2023-01-19T08:06:33.624852Z" |
| }, |
| "title": "Using Co-Occurrence Information to Improve Chinese-English Word Alignment in Translation Test Items for High School Students", |
| "authors": [ |
| { |
| "first": "Shainn", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Huang", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": { |
| "laboratory": "", |
| "institution": "National Chengchi University National Taiwan Normal University", |
| "location": {} |
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| "email": "" |
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| { |
| "first": "Yu-Chi", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Chang", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": { |
| "laboratory": "", |
| "institution": "National Chengchi University National Taiwan Normal University", |
| "location": {} |
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| "email": "" |
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| { |
| "first": "Chao-Lin", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Liu", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": { |
| "laboratory": "", |
| "institution": "National Chengchi University National Taiwan Normal University", |
| "location": {} |
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| "email": "" |
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| { |
| "first": "Yuan-Hsien", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Tseng", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": { |
| "laboratory": "", |
| "institution": "National Chengchi University National Taiwan Normal University", |
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| "email": "samtseng@ntnu.edu.tw" |
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| "institution": "National Chengchi University National Taiwan Normal University", |
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| "institution": "National Chengchi University National Taiwan Normal University", |
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| "abstract": "We study the word alignment between the Chinese problems and the English answers for the English-Chinese translation tests at the high school level in Taiwan. After applying a dictionary-based approach, we attempted to take advantage of the information about co-occurrence of unaligned words to find more translation pairs. We explored five scoring methods that were previously proposed in the literature. We ran our experiments with more than 17,000 test items, and checked the aligned word pairs that were assigned high scores. Experimental results showed that we could improve the F measure for the alignment task from 76.9% to 83.7% with the best performing scoring method.", |
| "pdf_parse": { |
| "paper_id": "O10-1009", |
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| "abstract": [ |
| { |
| "text": "We study the word alignment between the Chinese problems and the English answers for the English-Chinese translation tests at the high school level in Taiwan. After applying a dictionary-based approach, we attempted to take advantage of the information about co-occurrence of unaligned words to find more translation pairs. We explored five scoring methods that were previously proposed in the literature. We ran our experiments with more than 17,000 test items, and checked the aligned word pairs that were assigned high scores. Experimental results showed that we could improve the F measure for the alignment task from 76.9% to 83.7% with the best performing scoring method.", |
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\ufa08\u5b57\u8a5e\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff0c\u4f7f\u6574\u500b\u7ffb\u8b6f\uf906\uf901\u52a0\u901a\u9806\u4e14\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u5e38\ufa0a\u7684\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\u6280\u8853\u662f\u4ee5\u8fad\u5178\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uf92d \u9032\ufa08\u5c0d\uf99c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\u662f\u5c07\u4e2d\u6587\uf906\u5b50\u7d93\u904e\u65b7\u8a5e\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u518d\u9010\u4e00\u7684\u628a\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u900f\u904e \u6f22\u82f1\u8fad\u5178\u67e5\u8a62\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8a18\uf93f\u6240\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u7ffb\u8b6f\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5c07\u82f1\u6587\u7ffb\u8b6f\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u55ae\u5b57\u8207 \u82f1\u6587\uf906\u5b50\u9032\ufa08\u6bd4\u5c0d\uff0c\u4ee5\uf9ba\u89e3\u8a5e\u5e8f\u4e92\u63db\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u6703\u53d7\u9650\u65bc\u8fad\u5178\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u8a5e \u5f59\uf97e\uff0c\uf99a\u5e36\u5f71\u97ff\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002Mihalcea \u548c Pedersen[18]\u63d0\u51fa\uf9ba\u5e7e\u9ede\u6539\u9032\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\u6574 \u9ad4\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u9ede\u5c31\u662f\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6574\u5408\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\uf901\u63d0\u51fa\uf9ba\u907a\uf9cd\u8a5e\u5f59\u5982\u679c \u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8a55\u4f30\u8207\u64f7\u53d6\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u5927\uf97e\u6709\u7528\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002\u570b\u5167\u5b78\u8005\u591a\uf98e\u4ee5\uf92d\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88 \u591a\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\uf9b5\u5982\u67ef\u8207\u5f35\u4ee5\u8fad\u5178\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u5c0d\uf99c[13]\uff1b\u767d\u7b49\u5b78\u8005[12]\uf9dd\u7528\u5e73\ufa08 \u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\uf92d\u64f7\u53d6\u591a\u5b57\u8a5e\u8a9e(multiword expressions)\uff0c\u7576\u627e\u51fa\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5e73\ufa08\uf906\u5c0d\u9593\u53ef\u80fd\u4e92\u70ba\u7ffb\u8b6f \u7684\u5b57\uf905\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\uf9dd\u7528\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u983b\uf961(normalized frequency)\uf92d\u5c0d\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u8a5e\u5c0d\u7d44\u5408\u8a55\u5206\uff0c\u4e26 \u628a\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\uf905\ufa00\u5272\u6210\u591a\u500b\u5171\u540c\u5b50\u5e8f\uf99c(common subsequences)\uff0c\u8a08\u7b97\u5176\u51fa\u73fe\u983b\uf961\u5f8c\uff0c\uf9dd\u7528 Dice \u4fc2\uf969(Dice coefficient)\uf92d\u7522\u751f\uf97e\u5316\u5206\uf969[16]\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u4e92\u70ba\u7ffb\u8b6f\u7684\u8a5e\u5f59\u7d44\u5408\u9032 \ufa08\u6392\u5e8f(ranking)\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e26\u8a2d\uf9f7\u5176\u9580\u6abb\u503c\uff0c\u6311\u9078\u51fa\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u76ee\u6a19\u5019\u9078\u5b57(target candidate words)\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u539f\u59cb\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\u6280\u8853\u9032\ufa08\u6539\uf97c\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u5e38\ufa0a\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u5c0d\u61c9\u4e00\u500b\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u6b64 \uf9d0\u4e4b\u5c0d\uf99c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c07\u539f\u5148\u8fad\u5178\u5167\u90e8\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u8907\u5408\u5b57\u8cc7\u8a0a(\u5982\u7247\u8a9e)\u52a0\u4ee5\uf9dd\u7528\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\u6a21 \u7d44\u53ef\u9032\ufa08\u4e00\u500b\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u5c0d\u61c9\u591a\u500b\uf99a\u7e8c\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u4e4b\u5c0d\uf99c\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002\u6211\u5011\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u5c0d\uf99c\u6a21\u7d44\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e2d \u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u7576\u4f5c\uf96a\u5f15\u5b57\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u6f22\u82f1\u8fad\u5178\uf92d\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\uff0c\uf974\u6f22\u82f1\u8fad\u5178\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u6536\uf93f\u5176 \u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\uff0c\u6211\u5011\uf965\u7121\u6cd5\u9032\ufa08\u5c0d\uf99c\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fad\u5178\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uf97e\u8207\u6574\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u6548\u80fd\u6709\u8457\u5bc6 \uf967\u53ef\u5206\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u4f46\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\uf967\u80fd\u70ba\uf9ba\u773e\u591a\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u5473\u5730\u8ffd\u6c42\u9f90\u5927\u7684\u8fad \u5178\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u8a66\u5716\uf9dd\u7528\u53f2\uf95e\u4f5b\u8a5e\uf9d0\u6a19\u8a18\u5668(Stanford part-of-speech tagging)[20]\uf92d\u9032\ufa08\u539f\u8a5e \u9084\u539f(lemmatization)\uff0c\u5c0d\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u82f1\u6587\uf906\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u500b\u55ae\u8a5e\uff0c\u9032\ufa08\u8a5e\u6027\u8655\uf9e4(\u5982\u6642\u614b\u554f\u984c\u3001\u8907 \uf969\u554f\u984c\u7b49)\uff1b\u4e26\u4e14\u4e5f\u5c07\u4e2d\u6587\uf906\u5b50\u900f\u904e\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u4e2d\u6587\u65b7\u8a5e\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u7522\u751f\uf969\u500b\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u8a9e \u8a00\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u6982\uf9a3\uff0c\u5e38\u53ef\u6709\u591a\u7a2e\u8fad\u5f59\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u900f\u904e\u540c\u7fa9 \u8a5e\u8a5e\uf9f4[4]\uf92d\u9032\ufa08\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u7684\u64f4\u5145\uff0c\u4ee5\uf965\u64f4\u5927\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002 \u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u7b2c\u4e00\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5e73\ufa08\uf906\u5c0d\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u6210\u529f\u5c0d\u61c9 \u7684\u5b57\u8a5e(Null Alignment, \u4ee5\u4e0b\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u907a\uf9cd\u5b57\u8a5e)\u3002\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\u4e3b\u8981\u53ef\u7522\u751f\u56db\u7a2e\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\uff62\u5b8c\u5168 \u5c0d\uf99c(\u7121\u4efb\u4f55\u907a\uf9cd\u5b57\u8a5e)\uff63\u3001\uff62\u53ea\u907a\uf9cd\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\uff63\u3001\uff62\u53ea\u907a\uf9cd\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\uff63\u548c\uff62\u4e2d\u82f1\u90fd\u6709\u907a\uf9cd\u5b57\u8a5e \uff63\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u91dd\u5c0d\uff62\u53ea\u907a\uf9cd\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\uff63\u53ca\uff62\u53ea\u907a\uf9cd\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\uff63\uf978\u7a2e\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\uf92d\u9032\ufa08\u505c\u7528\u8a5e\uf99c\u8868\u7684 \u9078\u53d6\u548c\u907a\uf9cd\u5b57\u8a5e\uf9dd\u7528\u7684\u8a0e\uf941\uff1b\u4e26\u5c0d\uff62\u4e2d\u82f1\u90fd\u6709\u907a\uf9cd\u5b57\u8a5e\uff63\u9032\ufa08\u65b0\u8a5e\u5c0d\u7684\u64f7\u53d6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u61c9\u7528 \u66fe\u5143\u986f\u7b49\u4eba[10]\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\uf92d\u8a55\u4f30\u4e26\u64f7\u53d6\u907a\uf9cd\u8a5e\u5f59\u4e4b\u5c0d\uf99c\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u8a2d\uf9f7\u4e00\u4fe1 \u5fc3\u5206\uf969\u505a\u70ba\u9580\u6abb\u503c\uff0c\u4ee5\u64f7\u53d6\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u8a5e\u5c0d\u7d44\u5408\uff0c\u4e26\u6574\u5408\u81f3\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u8fad\u5178\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u9032\ufa08\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c \u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u6539\u5584\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\u6a21\u7d44\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u5728\u7b2c 2 \u7bc0\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7d39\u5be6\u9a57\u8a9e\uf9be\u7684\uf92d\u6e90\uff0c\u7b2c 3 \u7bc0\u5247\u8a73\u7d30\uf96f \u660e\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\u7684\uf9ca\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e26\uf9dd\u7528\u5171\u73fe(co-occurrence)\u89c0\uf9a3\uf92d\u5c0d\u907a\uf9cd\u5b57\u8a5e\u9032\ufa08\u65b0\u8a5e\u5c0d\u7684\u64f7\u53d6\uff0c \u5728\u7b2c 4 \u7bc0\u4e2d\u5247\u662f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u6548\u80fd\u8a55\u4f30\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5728\u7b2c 5 \u7bc0\u9032\ufa08\u7e3d\u7d50\u3002 \u8a66\u984c\uf9d0\u578b \u8a66\u984c\u7bc4\uf9b5 \u5f15\u5c0e\u5f0f\u7ffb\u8b6f \u63d0\u793a\uf906\u5b50\uff1a\u64da\u805e\u9019\u660e\u661f\u7d50\u904e\u4e03\u6b21\u5a5a\u3002 \uf99a\u8cab\u5f0f\u7ffb\u8b6f \u63d0\u793a\uf906\u5b50\uff1a(1)\uf967\u5c04\uf970\u5e7c\u718a\u662f\u4ec1\u6148\u7684\u8209\u6b62\u3002 ___________________________________________________________________ \u63d0\u793a\uf906\u5b50\uff1a(2)\u4e00\u4f4d\u65b0\u805e\u8a18\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u756b\uf9ba\u4e00\u5e45\u6709\u95dc\u6b64\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5361\u901a\u3002 ___________________________________________________________________ \u7b54\u6848\uff1a(1)Not shooting the bear cub is a kindly/kind act. (2)A newspaper reporter even drew a cartoon of this incident. 2. \u7814\u7a76\u8a9e\uf9be\u4ecb\u7d39 \u6211\u5011\uf9dd\u7528\u9ad8\u4e2d\u7a0b\ufa01\u82f1\u6587\uf906\u5b50\uf92d\u7576\u4f5c\u8a13\uf996\u8a9e\uf9be\u3002\u60f3\u7372\u5f97\u9ad8\u4e2d\u7a0b\ufa01\u7684\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5e73\ufa08\u8a9e\uf9be\uff0c\u6700\u76f4 \u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\uff62\u8ab2\u6587\uff63\u548c\uff62\u8a66\u984c\uff63\uf978\u500b\u65b9\u5411\uf92d\u7372\u53d6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff62\u8ab2\u6587\uff63\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u524d\u5f8c\u6587\u7684\u95dc \u4fc2\uff0c\u4ee5\u7bc7\u7ae0\u6bb5\uf918\u4f5c\u70ba\u7ffb\u8b6f\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u76f8\u5c0d\u61c9\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6587\u7ffb\u8b6f\uf906\u7d93\u904e\u6f64\u98fe\u5f8c\uff0c\u6642\u5e38\u4e26\u975e\u70ba\u4e00\uf906\u82f1 \u6587\u5c0d\u61c9\u4e00\uf906\u4e2d\u6587\uff0c\u800c\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u5c0d\u591a\u3001\u591a\u5c0d\u4e00\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u591a\u5c0d\u591a\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u7522\u751f\u3002\u5047\uf974\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u6e96 \u78ba\u5730\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\uf906\u5b50\u9032\ufa08\u65b7\uf906\uff0c\u5247\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u7372\u53d6\u8f03\u70ba\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u5e73\ufa08\uf906\u5c0d\uff0c\u9019\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c \u7684\u6548\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u4e26\uf967\u4ee5\uff62\u8ab2\u6587\uff63\u4f5c\u70ba\u8a13\uf996\u8a9e\uf9be\u3002 \u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u82f1\u6587\u8a66\u5377\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u8a31\u591a\u8a66\u984c\uf9d0\u578b\u6240\u7d44\u5408\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6211\u5011\u611f\u8208\u8da3 \u7684\u6709\uff62\u5f15\u5c0e\u5f0f\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff63\u3001\uff62\u6574\uf906\u5f0f\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff63\u548c\uff62\uf99a\u8cab\u5f0f\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff63\uff0c\u4ee5\u88681\u70ba\uf9b5\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u7a2e\u984c\u578b\u7d50\u69cb\u90fd \u5e36\u6709\u4e2d\u6587\u63d0\u793a\uf906\u5b50\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u8981\u6c42\u5b78\u751f\u4f9d\u63d0\u793a\uf906\u5b50\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\uff0c\u64b0\u5beb\u51fa\u82f1\u6587\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u6703\u900f\u904e \u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\u64f7\u53d6\u5176\u4e2d\u6587\uf906\u5b50\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u900f\u904e\u7b54\u6848\uf91d\u4e2d\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u9084\u539f\u5176\u82f1\u6587\uf906\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u7372\u5f97\u5927\uf97e \u7684\u5e73\ufa08\uf906\u5c0d\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u4e3b\u8981\u5f9e\u4e09\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e[1]\u6240\u767c\ufa08\u7684\u9ad8\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u8a66\u984c\u5149\u789f\uff0c\u9032\ufa08\u8a13\uf996 \u8a9e\uf9be\u7684\u64f7\u53d6\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e2d\u7372\u5f979954\uf906\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5e73\ufa08\uf906\u5c0d\u3002 3. \u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5 3.1 \u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\u6280\u8853 \u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\u6a21\u7d44\u7684\uf9ca\u7a0b\u5716\u5982\u5716\u4e00\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u6211\u5011\u9032\ufa08\u65b7\u8a5e\uff0c\u5c07\u4e00\uf906\u4e2d\u6587\uf906\u5b50\u7d93\u7531\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u65b7 \u8a5e\u7cfb\u7d71[2]\uff0c\u65b7\u6210\uf969\u500b\u4e2d\u6587\u8a5e\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4ee5\u5b57\u8a5e\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\uf906\u5b50\u5247\u662f\u900f\u904e\u7a7a\u767d\u9694\u958b \u9032\ufa08\u65b7\u5b57\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u82f1\u6587\uf906\u5b50\u4ee5\uf906\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\uf9dd\u7528\u53f2\uf95e\u4f5b\u5256\u6790\u5668[20]\u5f97\u5230\u5404\u82f1\u6587\u55ae\u5b57\u4e4b\u8a5e\u6027\u6a19 \u5716\u4e00 \u524d\u8655\uf9e4\u8207\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\u6a21\u7d44\uf9ca\u7a0b \u539f\u59cb\u4e2d\u82f1\u5e73\ufa08\uf906\u5c0d \u4e2d\u6587 \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u9059\u63a7\u5668\u6539\u8b8a\u8a31\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u3002 \u82f1\u6587 You can change a lot of functions with the remote control . \u4e2d\u82f1\u5e73\ufa08\uf906\u5c0d\u65b7\u8a5e\u7d50\u679c \u4e2d\u6587 \u4f60 \u53ef\u4ee5 \u7528 \u9059\u63a7\u5668 \u6539\u8b8a \u8a31\u591a \u529f\u80fd \u3002 \u82f1\u6587 PRP/You VP/can VB/change DT/a NN/lot IN/of NNS/functions IN/with DT/the remote NN/control ./. \u8f38\u5165\uff1a\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5e73\ufa08\uf906\u5c0d \u8f38\u51fa\uff1a\u4e2d\u82f1\u5e73\ufa08\uf906\u5c0d\u4e4b\u76f8\u5c0d\u61c9\u8a5e\u5e8f[\u82f1\u6587\u8a5e\u5e8f/\u4e2d\u6587\u8a5e\u5e8f] \u8655\uf9e4\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1a \u524d\u8655\uf9e4\uff1a\u5c07\uf92d\u6e90\u4e2d\u6587\uf906\u5b50\u900f\u904e\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u65b7\u8a5e\u7cfb\u7d71\u9032\ufa08\u65b7\u8a5e\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\uf92d\u6e90\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e \u5c07\u76ee\u6a19\u82f1\u6587\uf906\u5b50\u900f\u904e\u53f2\uf95e\u4f5b\u5256\u6790\u5668\u5f97\u5230\u6bcf\u500b\u76ee\u6a19\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u8a5e\u6027\u6a19\u8a18 \u6b65\u9a5f 1\uff1a\u4ee5\uf92d\u6e90\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u4f5c\u70ba\uf96a\u5f15\u5b57\uff0c\u900f\u904e CEDICE \u96fb\u5b50\u8fad\u5178\u4e92\u70ba\u7ffb\u8b6f\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\uff0c \u4e26\u5c0d\u76ee\u6a19\u82f1\u6587\uf906\u5b50\u9032\ufa08\u6bd4\u5c0d \u6b65\u9a5f 2\uff1a\u628a\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u5c0d\uf99c\u4e4b\u76ee\u6a19\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\uf9dd\u7528\u53f2\uf95e\u4f5b\u8a5e\u6027\u6a19\u8a18\u5668\u5c0d\u76ee\u6a19\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u9032\ufa08\u8a5e \u6027\u9084\u539f\uff0c\u4e26\u91cd\u8907\u4e00\u6b21 Step 1 \u6b65\u9a5f 3\uff1a\u628a\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u5c0d\uf99c\u4e4b\uf92d\u6e90\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\u8a5e\uf9f4\u7372\u5f97\uf92d\u6e90\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u4e4b\u540c \u7fa9\u8a5e\uff0c\u518d\u5c07\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\u7576\u4f5c\uf96a\u5f15\u5b57\u91cd\u8907\u4e00\u6b21 Step 1 \u6b65\u9a5f 4\uff1a\u4ee5 0 \u8868\u793a\u5c0d\uf99c\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7121\u6cd5\u7522\u751f\uf99a\u63a5 \u5716\u4e8c \u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5 \u8a18(Part-Of-Speech tags)\uff0c\u5982\u8868 2 \u6240\u793a\u3002\u63a5\u8457\u6211\u5011\u7d66\u5b9a\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\uf906\u65b7\u8a5e\u5f8c\u7684\u5404\u500b\u5b57\u8a5e\uff0c\u7531\u5de6 \u81f3\u53f3\u4f9d\u5e8f\u6a19\u8a18\u4e0a\u8a5e\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\uf965\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\u6a21\u7d44\u900f\u904e\u5404\u500b\u6b65\u9a5f\uf92d\u5b8c\u6210\u5e73\ufa08\u8a9e\uf9be\u7684\u5c0d\u61c9\uff0c\u6574\u9ad4\u7684 \u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u5982\u5716\u4e8c\u6240\u793a\u3002\u5716\u4e8c\u53ea\uf99c\u51fa\u7c97\uf976\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u672c\u7bc0\u6b21\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5c0f\u7bc0\u4e2d\u6703\u8a73\u8ff0\u76f8\u95dc \u7d30\u7bc0\u3002 3.1.1 \u4ee5\u5b57\u5178\u70ba\u57fa\u790e \u63a5\u4e0b\uf92d\u5c07\u65b7\u8a5e\u904e\u5f8c\u7684\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5e73\ufa08\uf906\u5c0d\u9032\ufa08\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\u3002\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\u5df2\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u6211\u5011 \u9078\u7528\u4ee5\u8fad\u5178\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u5c0d\uf99c\u6280\u8853\u4f5c\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7684\u51fa\u767c\u9ede\uff0c\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5c07\uf96a\u5f15\u5b57\u8a5e\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u96d9\u8a9e \u8fad\u5178\u9032\ufa08\u67e5\u8a62\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u5927\uf97e\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\u5019\u9078\u5b57\uff0c\uf9dd\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u7ffb\u8b6f\u5019\u9078\u5b57\u548c\u76ee\u6a19\u5b57\u8a5e\u9032\ufa08\u5b57\u8a5e \u76f8\u4f3c\ufa01\u7684\u6bd4\u5c0d\u3002\u800c\u6b64\u7a2e\u6280\u8853\u76f8\u7576\u4f9d\u8cf4\u96d9\u8a9e\u8fad\u5178\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\u54c1\u8cea\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6211\u5011\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8fad\u5178\u5fc5\u9808 \u660e\u78ba\u7684\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8a72\uf96a\u5f15\u5b57\u8a5e\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6210\u54ea\u4e9b\u76ee\u6a19\u5b57\u8a5e\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\u8fad\u5178(\uf9dd\u7528\u5176 \u4ed6\u5b57\u8a5e\uf92d\uff62\uf96f\u660e\uff63\uf96a\u5f15\u5b57\u8a5e\u7684\u8a5e\u610f)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64 \u6211\u5011\u9078\u7528CEDICT\u96fb\u5b50\u8fad\u5178[14]\u7576\u4f5c\uf96a \u5f15\u5b57\u8a5e\u8cc7\uf9be\u5eab\uff0c\u6b64\u8fad\u5178\u542b\u670997184\u500b\u4e2d\u6587 \uf96a \u5f15 \u8a5e ( \u672c \u6a21 \u7d44 \u6240 \u4f7f \u7528 \u7684 \u7248 \u672c \u6642 \u9593 \u70ba 2010-02-22 06:12:50 GMT)\uff0c\u8fad\u5178\u5167\u90e8\u7684 \u683c\u5f0f\u4ee5\ufa08\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u6bcf\ufa08\u6240\u5132\u5b58\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7531 \u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u3001\u6f22\u8a9e\u62fc\u97f3\u548c\u82f1\u6587\u7ffb\u8b6f\u5019\u9078\u5b57 \u2026 \u90f5\u653f [you2 zheng4] /postal/ \u90f5\u653f\u5c40 [you2 zheng4 ju2] /postal bureau/ \u6cb9\u8102 [you2 zhi1] /grease/oil/fat/ \u5363 [you3] /wine container/ \u53cb [you3] /friend/ \u61ee [you3] /grievous/relaxed/ \u6709 [\u5716\u4e09 CEDICT \u6f22\u82f1\u96fb\u5b50\u8fad\u5178\u683c\u5f0f\u7bc4\uf9b5 \u4e2d\u6587 \u91ab\u9662 \uf9e8 \u5f88\u5c11 \u6709 \u7537 \u8b77\u58eb \u3002 \u82f1\u6587 There are few male Nurses in hospitals . \u8868 4 \u6574\u5408\u4e00\u5c0d\u591a\u4e4b\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c \u4e2d\u6587 \u91ab\u9662 \uf9e8 \u5f88\u5c11 \u6709 \u7537 \u8b77\u58eb \u3002 \u82f1\u6587 There are few male Nurses in hospitals . \u7fa4\u6240\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u4e14\u6bcf\u500b\u7ffb\u8b6f\u5019\u9078\u5b57\u4ee5\uff62/\uff63\u7b26\u865f\u9694\u958b\uff0c\u5982\u5716\u4e09\u6240\u793a\u3002 \u7531\u5716\u4e09\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u77e5\uff0c\u6b64\u8fad\u5178\u9664\uf9ba\u4e00\u5c0d\u4e00\u7684\u4e2d\u82f1\u7ffb\u8b6f\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u5305\u542b\uf9ba\u7247\u8a9e\u548c\u8907\u5408\u5b57 \u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\uf9b5\u5982\uff1a\uff62\u6709\uff63\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u7ffb\u8b6f\u9664\uf9ba\uff62have\u3001exist\u3001be\uff63\u9019\uf9d0\u7684\u55ae\u5b57\u8a5e\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u5305\u542b\uf9ba \uff62there is\u3001there are\uff63\u9019\uf9d0\u7684\u8907\u5408\u5b57\u6216\u7247\u8a9e\u3002\u91dd\u5c0d\u6b64\uf9d0\u578b\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u5c0d\uf99c\u6a21\u7d44\u5728\u9032\ufa08\u5c0d\uf99c\u7684 \u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u628a\u8907\u5408\u8a5e\u548c\u7247\u8a9e\u9019\uf9d0\u591a\u500b\u55ae\u5b57\u7d44\u5408\u800c\u6210\u7684\u5b57\uf905\uff0c\u7576\u4f5c\u5c0d\uf99c\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u9996\u8981\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c \u5982\u6b64\u4e00\uf92d\uf965\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u5b57\u5c0d\u5b57\u7684\u5c0d\uf99c\uff0c\u64f4\u5c55\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u61c9\u591a\u500b\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u3002\u5047\uf974\u8a5e \u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\u6a21\u7d44\uff0c\u5176\u53ea\u80fd\u4e00\u500b\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u5c0d\u61c9\u4e00\u500b\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u88683\u4f5c\u70ba\uf9b5\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe \u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\uff62\u6709\uff63\uff0c\u4e26\u7121\u6cd5\u6210\u529f\u7684\u548c\uff62there are\uff63\u7522\u751f\uf99a\u7d50\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\uff62there are\uff63\u5fc5\u9808\uf978\u500b\u5b57\u8a5e \uf99a\u7d50\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8207\uff62\u6709\uff63\u9019\u500b\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u4e92\u70ba\u7ffb\u8b6f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5584\u52a0\uf9dd\u7528\u8fad\u5178\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u8cc7 \u8a0a\uff0c\uf92d\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u500b\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u61c9\u5230\u591a\u500b\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u7684\u80fd\uf98a\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u88684\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5c0d\uf99c\u7d50 \u679c(\u76ee\u524d\u6a21\u7d44\u53ea\u80fd\u8655\uf9e4\uff62there are\uff63\u9019\uf9d0\uf99a\u7e8c\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\uff0c\uff62not only\u2026but also\uff63\u9019\uf9d0\u4e26\u975e\uf99a \u7e8c\u5b57\uf905\u7684\u5b57\u8a5e\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u66ab\u6642\u7121\u6cd5\u8655\uf9e4)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uf965\u53ef\u4f9d\u6b64\uf9d0\u578b\u8fad\u5178\u4f5c\u70ba\u51fa\u767c \u9ede\uff0c\u5c07\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u5206\u5225\u900f\u904eCEDICT\u96fb\u5b50\u8fad\u5178\u9032\ufa08\u76f8\u5c0d\u61c9\u7ffb\u8b6f\u5b57\u8a5e\u7684\u67e5\u8a62\uff0c\u5982\u88685\u7684\uf9b5\u5b50 \u6240\u793a\u3002 \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5c0d\uf99c\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9084\u5c07\u6240\u6709\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u8f49\u5316\u6210\u5c0f\u5beb(\u5982\u82f1\u6587\uf906\u4e2d\u7684\u958b\u982d\u7b2c \u4e00\u500b\u5b57\uff62You\uff63\u6703\u88ab\u8f49\u5316\u6210\uff62you\uff63)\uff0c\u7531\u5de6\u81f3\u53f3\u4f9d\u5e8f\u628a\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u900f\u904eCEDICT\u96fb\u5b50\u8fad\u5178\uff0c\u9032\ufa08 \u4e00\u500b\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u5c0d\u61c9\u4e00\u500b\u6216\u591a\u500b\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u7684\u5c0d\uf99c\u3002\uf974\u7522\u751f\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5c0d\uf99c\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5247\u5728\u82f1\u6587\u8a5e\u5e8f \u7684\u5f8c\u65b9\u6a19\u8a18\u4e0a\u5176\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u8a5e\u5e8f\u4e26\u4ee5\uff62/\uff63\u9694\u958b\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6b64\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u5c0d\uf99c\uff0c\uf967\u9700\u8981\u518d \u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u9032\ufa08\u6bd4\u5c0d\u3002\u4ee5\u88686\u70ba\uf9b5\uff0c\uf9b5\uf906\u4e2d\u5171\u6709\u5341\u4e8c\u500b\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u4e5d\u500b\u5b57 \u8a5e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u529f\u5c0d\uf99c\u3002 3.1.2 \u4ee5\u539f\u8a5e\u9084\u539f\u70ba\u57fa\u790e \u5728\u4ee5\u8fad\u5178\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0d\uf99c\u6a21\u7d44\u4ee5\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u82f1\u6587\uf906\u5b50\u7576\u4f5c\u5c0d\uf99c\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0 \u662f\u6211\u5011\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8fad\u5178\u5167\u90e8\u6703\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u8907\u5408\u8a5e\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u5982\uff62\u64b2\u514b\u724c\uff63\u6240\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\u8a5e\u70ba\uff62 playing card\uff63\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u5148\u5c0d\u539f\u59cb\u82f1\u6587\uf906\u5b50\u9032\ufa08\u9084\u539f\u8655\uf9e4(lemma)\uff0c\u5247\u6703\u628a\uff62playing\uff63\u9084\u539f \u6210\uff62play\uff63\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\uf965\u7121\u6cd5\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u628a\uf978\u7d44\u8a5e\u5f59\u7522\u751f\uf99a\u7d50\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u6703\u5148\u628a\u539f\u59cb\u82f1\u6587\uf906\u9032\ufa08\u4ee5 \u8fad\u5178\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u5c0d\uf99c\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u91dd\u5c0d\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u9032\ufa08\u539f\u8a5e\u9084\u539f(lemmatization)\u4ee5 \u8a5e\u5e8f 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 \u82f1\u6587 \u8a5e\u5e8f 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 \u4e2d\u6587 \u4f60 \u53ef\u4ee5 \u7528 \u9059\u63a7\u5668 \u6539\u8b8a \u8a31\u591a \u529f\u80fd \u3002 \u7ffb\u8b6f \u5b57\u8a5e you can use remote control change many function . may alter much capability possible transform a lot of \u8868 6 \u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c(\u4ee5\u8fad\u5178\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u5c0d\uf99c\u7d50\u679c) \u8a5e\u5e8f 1/1 2/2 3/5 4/6 5/6 6/6 7 8 9 10/4 11/4 12/8 \u82f1\u6587 you can change a lot of functions with the remote control . \u8a5e\u5e8f 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 \u4e2d\u6587 \u4f60 \u53ef\u4ee5 \u7528 \u9059\u63a7\u5668 \u6539\u8b8a \u8a31\u591a \u529f\u80fd \u3002 \u7ffb\u8b6f \u5b57\u8a5e you can use remote control change many function . may alter much capability possible transform a lot of \u57f7\ufa08\u5c0d\uf99c\u52d5\u4f5c\u3002 \u800c\u57f7\ufa08\u539f\u8a5e\u9084\u539f\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u5e38\u5728\uf967\u540c\u7684\u8a5e\u6027\u6216\u662f\uf967\u540c\u7684\u6642\u614b\u4e0b\uff0c\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u55ae \u5b57\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\u9a5f\u7684\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u628a\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u5c0d\uf99c\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\uff0c\u900f \u904e\u53f2\uf95e\u4f5b\u8a5e\u6027\u6a19\u8a18\u5668(Stanford Part-Of-Speech tagger)\uf92d\u9032\ufa08\u539f\u8a5e\u8655\uf9e4\uff0c\u671f\u76fc\u52a0\u5f37\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d \uf99c\u7684\u5c0d\uf99c\u80fd\uf98a\u3002 \u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6982\uf9a3\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u4e00\uf906\u82f1\u6587\uf906\u5b50\u5e38\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u6642\u614b(\u5982\u904e\u53bb\u5f0f\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u9032\ufa08\u5f0f\u548c\u672a\uf92d\u5f0f)\uff0c \u6216\u8005\u662f\u524d\u5f8c\u6587\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uf92d\u6539\u8b8a\u5176\u55ae\u5b57\u7684\u578b\u614b(\u5982\u8907\uf969\u578b\u614b\u7b49)\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u5011\u6240\u7528\u7684\u8fad\u5178\u5167\u90e8\u5247\u591a \u70ba\u539f\u59cb\u5f62\u614b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u8f38\u5165\u7684\u82f1\u6587\uf906 \u5b50\u9032\ufa08\u539f\u8a5e\u8655\uf9e4\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\u7684\u6a5f \u6703\u3002\u70ba\uf9ba\u5728\u539f\u8a5e\u8655\uf9e4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u8f03\u4f73\u7684\u6548 \u679c\uff0c\u5011\u5148\uf9dd\u7528\u53f2\uf95e\u4f5b\u5256\u6790\u5668\u5c07\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u9032 \u8868 7 \u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c(\u4ee5\u539f\u8a5e\u9084\u539f\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u5c0d\uf99c\u7d50\u679c) \u8a5e\u5e8f 1/1 2/2 3/5 4/6 5/6 6/6 7/7 8 9 10/4 11/4 12/8 \u82f1\u6587 you can change a lot of functions with the remote control . \u539f\u8a5e \u9084\u539f function with \u8a5e\u5e8f 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 \u4e2d\u6587 \u4f60 \u53ef\u4ee5 \u7528 \u9059\u63a7\u5668 \u6539\u8b8a \u8a31\u591a \u529f\u80fd \u3002 \u7ffb\u8b6f \u5b57\u8a5e you can use remote control change many function . may alter much capability possible transform a lot of functions/NNS \u2192 function with/IN \u2192 with \u5716\u56db \u53f2\uf95e\u4f5b\u8a5e\uf9d0\u6a19\u8a18\u5668\u539f\u8a5e\u9084\u539f\u4e4b\u7d50\u679c CEDICT \u8fad\u5178 \u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e \u8a5e\uf9f4 \u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e \u8a5e\uf9f4 \u8a5e\u5e8f 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 \u4e2d\u6587 \u4f60 \u53ef\u4ee5 \u7528 \u9059\u63a7\u5668 \u6539\u8b8a \u8a31\u591a \u529f\u80fd \u3002 \u540c \u7fa9 \u8a5e \u7fa4 \u7de8 \u865f \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65 Dj083 Fc061 Hc252 Hj281 Jc051 Kb052 Kc092 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65 \u7528,\u7528\ufa01,\u7528\u8cbb,\u82b1\u8cbb,\u82b1\u9805,\u7528\u9805,\u2026 \u7528,\u5556,\u670d,\u504f,\u98fd\u98df,\u2026 \u6536\uf93f,\uf93f\u53d6,\u9f52\uf93f,\u6536\u9f52,\u7528,\u4efb\u4eba\u552f\u89aa,\u2026 \u7528,\u4ee5,\u4f7f,\u52d5,\u4e0b,\u796d,\u81ea\u7528,\u2026 \u6b32,\u7528,\u5f97,\u5f85,\u63d0\u4f9b,\u2026 \u7d66,\u53d7,\u4ee5,\u7528,\u62ff,\u5c07,\u2026 \u6545\u6b64,\u6545\u800c,\u5f9e\u800c,\u6545,\u7528,\u2026 \ufa08\u8a5e\uf9d0\u6a19\u8a18\uff0c\u6211\u518d\u5c07\u5176\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u548c\u8a5e\uf9d0\u6a19\u8a18\u4e00\u8d77\u900f\u904e\u53f2\uf95e\u4f5b\u8a5e\uf9d0\u6a19\u8a18\u5668\u4f5c\u578b\u614b\u4e0a\u7684 (morphological)\u539f\u8a5e\u9084\u539f\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u91dd\u5c0d\u8868 6 \u4e2d\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u5c0d\uf99c\u7684\u5b57\u8a5e\u9032\ufa08\u539f\u8a5e\u9084\u539f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e03\u500b\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\uff62functions\uff63\u8907\uf969 \u578b\u614b(\u5176\u8a5e\u6027\u6a19\u8a18\u70ba NNS)\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u53f2\uf95e\u4f5b\u8a5e\uf9d0\u6a19\u8a18\u5668\u9084\u539f\u6210\u539f\u578b\uff62function\uff63\uff0c\u800c\uff62\u4f5b\u8a5e\uf9d0\u6a19 \u8a18\u5668\u9084\u539f\u6210\u539f\u578b\uff62function\uff63\uff0c\u800c\uff62with\uff63\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\uff62with\uff63\u9032\ufa08\u6a19\u8a18\uff0c\u5982\u5716\u56db\u6240\u793a\u3002\u5de6\u908a\u70ba\u8f38\u5165 \u5b57\uf905\uff62\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e/\u8a5e\uf9d0\u6a19\u8a18\uff63\uff0c\u53f3\u908a\u5247\u70ba\u8f38\u5165\u5b57\uf905\uff62\u9084\u539f\u5f8c\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\uff63\u3002\u63a5\u8457\u9032\ufa08\u7b2c\u4e8c\uf9d7 \u7684\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\uff0c\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u6548\u679c\u5982\u8868 7 \u6240\u793a\u3002 3.1.3 \u4ee5\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\u8a5e\uf9f4\u70ba\u57fa\u790e \u627f\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u7bc0\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u7684\u591a\u6a23\u6027\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4e00\u500b\u4e2d\u6587 \u5b57\u8a5e\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\uf92d\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8209\uf9b5\uf92d\uf96f\uff0c\uff62\u7528\uff63\u5728 \u67d0\u4e9b\uf9fa\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\uff62\u4ee5\uff63\u3001\uff62\u4f7f\u7528\uff63\u548c\uff62\u82b1\u8cbb\uff63\u7b49\uf92d\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002\u70ba\uf9ba \u589e\u52a0\u5c0d\u61c9\uf961\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u63a1\u7528\u54c8\u723e\u6ff1\u5de5\u696d\u5927\u5b78\u8a0a\u606f\u6aa2\uf96a\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e \u8a5e\uf9f4\u64f4\u5145\u7248(\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7a31\u70ba\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\u8a5e\uf9f4)\uf92d\u9032\ufa08\u4e2d\u6587\u8a5e\u5f59\u64f4\u5c55\u3002\u6b64\u7248 \u672c\u5167\u542b 66,697 \u500b\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\uff0c\u4e14\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u5b57\u8a5e\u5206\u70ba 5,353 \u500b\uf9d0\u5225\uff0c \u5176\u5167\u5bb9\u5982\u5716\u4e94\u6240\u793a\uff0c\uf9d0\u5225\u7de8\u865f\u548c\u5176\uf9d0\u5225\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u4ee5\u9017\u865f\u9694\u958b\u3002\u57fa\u65bc\u6548\uf961\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6211\u5011 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(\u7121\u4efb\u4f55\u907a\uf9cd\u5b57\u8a5e) \u4f60 \u70ba\uf9fd\u9ebc \u7ad9 \u5728 \u9019\uf9e8 \uff1f 0 Why are you standing here ? 0 \u53ea\u907a\uf9cd\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e \uf967\u65b7 \u5730 \u5728 \u751f\u6d3b \u4e2d \u5b78\u7fd2 \u3002 \u5730 \u4e2d 2 Learning constantly from everyday life . 0 \u53ea\u907a\uf9cd\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e \u50f9\u9322 \u4e00\u5b9a \u5f88 \u9ad8 \u3002 0 The price must be very high . 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\u9059\u63a7\u5668\u6539\u8b8a\u8a31\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u3002\uff63\uff0c\u6216\u662f\uff62\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u300e\u9019\u500b\u300f\u9059\u63a7\u5668\u6539\u8b8a\u8a31\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u3002\uff63\u3002\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c \u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff62the\uff63\u61c9\u8a72\u548c\uff62remote control\uff63\u5408\u4f75\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8207\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\uff62\u9059\u63a7\u5668\uff63\u9032\ufa08\u5c0d\uf99c\uff0c\u5982 \u8868 15 \u6240\u793a\u3002 \u8868 13 \uf9dd\u7528\u4e2d\u6587\u907a\uf94e\u8a5e\u9032\ufa08\u4fee\u88dc \uf974\u7121\u9032\ufa08\u4fee\u88dc \u6771\u5c3c \uff0c \u4f60 \u7684 \u623f\u9593 \u771f\u662f \uf91b \u3002 Tony , your room is really messy . \u4fee\u88dc\u4e4b\u5f8c \u6771\u5c3c \uff0c \u4f60\u7684 \u623f\u9593 \u771f\u662f \uf91b \u3002 Tony , your room is really messy . \u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e \u6b21\uf969 the 81 to 55 a 2 7 is 17 that 16 \u2026 \u2026 I am wondering who she is . wondering \u4e00\u5c0d\u591a \u773c\ufa0a\u70ba\u6191 \u3002 \u773c\ufa0a\u70ba\u6191 Seeing is believing . Seeing is believing \u591a\u5c0d\u4e00 \u6211\u5011 \u7528 \u6709\u6bd2 \u7684 \u5316\u5b78 \u85e5\u54c1 \uf92d \uf970\u6b7b \uf934\u9f20 \u3002 \u7684 \u5316\u5b78 \u85e5\u54c1 We use poisonous chemicals to kill rats . chemicals \u591a\u5c0d\u591a \u81ea\u52a9 \uf983\ufa08 \u4f7f \u4f60 \u53ef\u4ee5 \u9047\ufa0a \u7576\u5730 \u7684 \u4eba \u3002 \u81ea\u52a9 \u4f7f \u53ef\u4ee5 \u7684 Self-arranged traveling enables you to meet local people . 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\uff63\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u4e92\u70ba\u5c0d\uf99c\u7684\u7d44\u5408\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u8fad\u5178\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\uff62\u5f88\u591a\uff63\u9019\u500b\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\uff0c\u53ea \u6709\u5982\u8868 16 \u9019\u4e9b\u7ffb\u8b6f\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u6211\u5011\u900f\u904e\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\u8a5e\uf9f4\uff0c\u4f9d\u820a\u7121\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u6211\u5011\u6240\u671f\u671b\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f-\uff62a lot of\uff63\u3002 \u5982\u4f55\uf9dd\u7528\u5269\u9918\u5b57\u8a5e\uff0c\u4f7f\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\uf901\u4f73\u5b8c\u5584\uff1f\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\u7d50\u675f\u5f8c\uff0c\uff62\u4e2d\u82f1\u90fd\u6709\u907a \uf9cd\u5b57\u8a5e\uff63\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u60c5\u6cc1\u5171\u6709\u56db\u7a2e\uff0c\u5982\u8868 17 \u6240\u793a\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6a21\u7d44\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4ee5\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u7576\u4f5c\uf96a \u5f15\u8a5e\uff0c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u5c0d\u61c9\u591a\u500b\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u7684\u5c0d\u61c9\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u9019\u908a\u9084\u5c07\u82f1\u6587\uf906 \u5b50\u4e2d\uf99a\u7e8c\u7684\u907a\uf9cd\u5b57\u8a5e\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u8207\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u9032\ufa08\u914d\u5c0d\u3002 3.2.2 \u5c0d\uf99c\u8a08\u7b97 \u5728\u6b64\u6211\u5011\uf96b\u7167\u66fe\u5143\u986f\u7b49[10]\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8a08\u5206\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\uf92d\u7be9\u9078\uff62\u4e2d\u82f1\u90fd\u6709\u907a\uf9cd\u5b57\u8a5e\uff63\u4e4b\u8a5e\u5c0d\u7d44\u5408\uff0c \u4ee5\uf965\u64f4\u5f35\u8fad\u5178\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u9032\ufa08\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\u6a21\u7d44\uff0c\u9054\u5230\u63d0\u5347\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u5728[10]\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c \u8005\uf9dd\u7528\u5927\uf97e\u5c08\uf9dd\u6587\u66f8\u7684\u5e73\ufa08\u8a9e\uf9be\uff0c\u64f7\u53d6\u51fa\u4e92\u70ba\u7ffb\u8b6f\u7684\u8a5e\u5f59\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u4e0a\u767e\u842c\u689d\u96d9\u8a9e\u8a5e \u5eab\uff0c\u518d\u589e\u52a0\u7d04 20%\u7684\u65b0\u8a5e\u5f59\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u9078\u7528\u5176\u4e2d\u4e94\u500b\u8a5e\u5c0d\u64f7\u53d6\u7684\u8a55\u4f30\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u70ba\u9ede\u4e92 \u8868 16 \u8fad\u5178\u5167\u90e8\uf967\u614e\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e4b\u8cc7\u8a0a \u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e \u7ffb\u8b6f\u5b57\u8a5e \u5f88\u591a /very many/very much/great/ \u8868 17 \u907a\uf9cd\u5b57\u8a5e\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1 \u907a\uf9cd\u5b57\u8a5e \u5c0d\uf99c\u7d50\u679c \u907a\uf9cd\u5b57\u8a5e \u4e00\u5c0d\u4e00 \u6211 \u5728 \u60f3 \u5979 \u662f \u8ab0 \u3002 \u60f3 \u8a9e\uf9be \u8a9e\u8a00 \uf906\u5c0d\uf969\u76ee \u8a5e\u5f59\uf969\u76ee \u7e3d\u8a5e\u5f59\uf969\u76ee (tokens) \u5e73\u5747\uf906\u9577 \u570b\u4e2d\u5e73\ufa08\u8a9e\uf9be \u4e2d\u6587 7360 4876 57346 7.8 \u82f1\u6587 6420 59767 8.1 \u9ad8\u4e2d\u5e73\ufa08\u8a9e\uf9be \u4e2d\u6587 9954 10679 120509 12.1 \u82f1\u6587 12867 130908 13.2 \u79d1\u5b78\u4eba\u96dc\u8a8c \u4e2d\u6587 2685 9279 70411 26.2 \u82f1\u6587 10504 68434 25.5 \u8a0a\u606f(pointwise mutual information)[17]\u3001\u76f8\u95dc\u5206\u6790(correlation coefficient)[17]\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6bd4 \uf9b5 (likelihood ratios)[17] \u3001 Dice \u4fc2 \uf969 (Dice coefficient)[16] \u548c \u5206 \uf969 \uf94f \u7a4d (fractional count,FC)[10]\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uf94f\u7a4d\u8a5e\u5c0d\u7d44\u5408\u5728\u5e73\ufa08\uf906\u5c0d\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6a5f\uf961(\u4e26\u975e\u6b21\uf969)\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u9019\u908a \u6240\u6307\u7684\u5206\uf969\uf94f\u7a4d\u3002\u5176\u516c\u5f0f\u8868\u9054\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a , , , . . , (1) \u516c\u5f0f(1)\u4e2d\u7684 sp(i)\u4ee3\u8868\u7b2c i \u7d44\u4e2d\u82f1\uf906\u5c0d\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u51fa\u73fe\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e c \u548c\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e e\uff0c\u800c , \u5247\u8868\u793a\u7b2c i \u7d44\uf906\u5c0d\u4e2d(c,e)\u4e92\u70ba\u8a5e\u5c0d\u7d44\u5408\u7684\u6a5f\uf961\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u8868 17 \u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u5c0d\u591a\u60c5\u6cc1 \u7684\uf906\u5c0d\u4f5c\u70ba\uf9b5\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u4e2d\u6587\u907a\uf9cd\u5b57\u8a5e\u5171\u6709\u56db\u500b(\u81ea\u52a9\u3001\u4f7f\u3001\u53ef\u4ee5\u3001\u7684)\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u907a \uf9cd\u5b57\u8a5e\u6709\uf978\u500b(Self-arranged\u3001enables)\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u5176\u4ea4\u932f\u914d\u5c0d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4ee5\u4e2d\u6587\u907a\uf9cd\u5b57\u8a5e\u7684\uf969\uf97e \u4f5c\u70ba\u5206\u6bcd\uff0c\u5982\uff1c\u81ea\u52a9-Self-arranged\uff1e\u3001\uff1c\u81ea\u52a9-enables\uff1e\u9019\uf978\u500b\u7d44\u5408\uff0c\u5404\u5225\u53ef\u7372\u5f97 1/4 \u7684\u5206\uf969\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u907a\uf9cd\u5b57\u8a5e\u900f\u904e\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9032\ufa08\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u5c07\u7d71\u8a08\u8a13\uf996\u8a9e\uf9be\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u907a\uf9cd \u5b57\u8a5e\u9032\ufa08\uf94f\u52a0\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5206\uf969\uf94f\u7a4d\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u7576\u5206\uf969\u8d8a\u9ad8\u6642\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\uf978\u8a5e\u5f59\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u4e5f\u8d8a \u9ad8\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u8a08\u5206\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u5728\u7b2c 4.3.2 \u7bc0\u3002 4. \u7cfb\u7d71\u6548\u679c\u8a55\u4f30 4.1 \u5be6\u9a57\u8a9e\uf9be\uf92d\u6e90 \u672c\u5be6\u9a57\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5e73\ufa08\u8a9e\uf9be\u6709\u4e09\u5927\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u70ba\u570b\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u8a9e\uf9be[6]-[9]\u3001\u9ad8\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u8a9e\uf9be\u548c\u79d1 \u5b78\u4eba\u96dc\u8a8c\u4e2d\u82f1\u5c0d\u7167\u96fb\u5b50\u66f8[5](\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c21\u7a31\u70ba\u79d1\u5b78\u4eba\u96dc\u8a8c)\uff0c\u5c07\u5206\u5225\u9032\ufa08\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\u8655\uf9e4\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14 \uf9dd\u7528\u5c0d\u61c9\uf961\u7576\u4f5c\u9580\u6abb\u503c\u52a0\u4ee5\u7d44\u5408\u9032\ufa08\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c\u5be6\u9a57\u8a9e\uf9be\u4e4b\u7d71\u8a08\u5982\u8868 18 \u6240\u793a\u3002\u570b\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u8a9e \uf9be\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5f9e\u591a\u500b\u7dda\u4e0a\u8cc7\u6e90\u6574\uf9e4\u800c\uf92d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u8a72\u7db2\u9801\u4ee5\u4eba\u5de5\u65b9\u5f0f\u64f7\u53d6\u51fa\u4e2d\u82f1\u5e73\ufa08\uf906 \u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u5167\u5bb9\u591a\u662f\u8ab2\u6587\u3001\u8a66\u984c\u548c\uf9b5\uf906\u7b49\u8a9e\uf9be\u3002\u9ad8\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u8a9e\uf9be\u5247\u662f\u7b2c 2 \u7bc0\u4e2d\u6240\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e4b\u5e73\ufa08\u8a9e \u793a\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u6703\u628a\u5404\uf906\u6240\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\uf969\u503c\u9032\ufa08\u52a0\u7e3d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u9664\u4e0a\u6311\u9078\u51fa\uf92d\u7684\uf906\u5c0d\uf969\uff0c\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u8a72 \u8a9e\uf9be\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u53ec\u56de\uf961\u548c\u7cbe\u78ba\uf961\u3002 \u53ec\u56de\uf961= \u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u5c0d\uf99c\uf969\uf97e \u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u7e3d\uf969\u76ee (2) \u7cbe\u78ba\uf961= \u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u5c0d\uf99c\uf969\uf97e \u6a21\u7d44\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5c0d\uf99c\uf969\uf97e (3) 4.3 \u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u8207\u5206\u6790 4.3.1 \u672a\uf9dd\u7528\u907a\uf9cd\u5b57\u8a5e\u4e4b\u5c0d\uf99c\u7d50\u679c\u6bd4\u8f03 \u4f9d\u5be6\u9a57\u8a2d\u8a08\uf9ca\u7a0b\uff0c\u96a8\u6a5f\u62bd\u9078\uf969\uf906\u7684\u5c0d\uf99c\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u89c0\u5bdf\u7b2c\u4e00\u968e\u6bb5(\u672a\uf9dd\u7528\u907a\uf9cd\u5b57\u8a5e)\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c \u6a21\u7d44\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\uf99a\u7dda\u6b63\u78ba\u6027\uff0c\u8a08\u7b97\u5176\u53ec\u56de\uf961\u8207\u7cbe\u78ba\uf961\u3002\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u6211\u5011\u5148\u91dd\u5c0d\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\u64f4\u5145\uf92d\u9032 \ufa08\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\u64f4\u5145\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u7372\u5f97\uf901\u591a\u7684\u5c0d\uf99c\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u4f46\u76f8\u5c0d\u7684\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u7372\u5f97\u932f\u8aa4\u7684 \u5c0d\uf99c\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u5982\u8868 19 \u6240\u793a\u3002\u5f9e\uf969\u64da\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u50c5\u72a7\u7272\uf9ba 4%\u7684\u7cbe\u78ba\uf961\uff0c\u63db\u5f97\u53ec\u56de \uf961 16%\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u800c\u5728\uf967\u540c\u8a9e\uf9be\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6574\u9ad4\u7d50\u679c\u5982\u8868 20 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5c0d\uf99c\u7d50\u679c\u4ee5\u570b\u4e2d\u8a9e\uf9be\u6548\u679c \u6700\u4f73\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u4f9d\u5e8f\u70ba\u9ad8\u4e2d\u8a9e\uf9be\u548c\u79d1\u5b78\u4eba\u96dc\u8a8c\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u5728\u5c0d\uf99c\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u662f\u4ee5\u8fad\u5178\u5167\u90e8\u7684 \u8cc7\u8a0a\u505a\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u518d\u5c0d\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u5c0d\uf99c\u7684\u5b57\u8a5e\uff0c\u4ee5\u539f\u8a5e\u9084\u539f\u548c\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\u8a5e\uf9f4\u9032\ufa08\u64f4\u5145\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e73 \u5747\u7cbe\u78ba\uf961\u53ef\u4ee5\u9054\u5230\u4e5d\u6210\u3002 4.3.2 \u907a\uf9cd\u5b57\u8a5e\u4e4b\u7d50\u679c\u5206\u6790 \u4ee5\u9ad8\u4e2d\u8a9e\uf9be\u70ba\uf9b5\uff0c\u5c07\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\u7684 9954 \u7d44\u4e2d\u82f1\u5e73\ufa08\uf906\u5c0d\uff0c\u900f\u904e 3.2.2 \u7bc0\u4e2d\u6240\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5 \u9032\ufa08\u5c0d\uf99c\u8a08\u7b97\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u5be6\u9a57\u5206\u70ba\uf978\u500b\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u8a5e\uff0c\u9019\u6a23 \u5b50\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u7e3d\u5171\u5f97\u5230\uf9ba 115000 \u9918\u500b\u8a5e\u5f59\u7d44\u5408\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4f9d\u7167\u4e94\u7d44\u8a55\u4f30\u516c\u5f0f\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\uf969\u503c\u9032\ufa08 \u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u8a5e\u5f59\u7d44\u5408\u904e\ufa01\u7684\u9f90\u5927\uff0c\uf967\u53ef\u80fd\u4f9d\u5e8f\u9032\ufa08\u4eba\u5de5\u6aa2\u9a57\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u9078\u51fa\u5404\u7d44\u8a55\u4f30\u516c \u5f0f\u7684\u524d 100 \u540d\u9032\ufa08\u4eba\u5de5\u6aa2\u9a57\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u6aa2\u9a57\u7684\u8a55\u5206\u65b9\u5f0f\u63a1\uff0c\uff62\u5b8c\u5168\u6b63\u78ba\uff63\u3001\uff62\u90e8\u5206\u6b63\u78ba\uff63\u548c\uff62\u932f \u8868 19 \u6709\u7121\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\u8a5e\uf9f4\u4e4b\u6bd4\u8f03 \u8a9e\uf9be \uf906\u5c0d\u7e3d\uf969 \u62bd\u9078\uf906\uf969 \u5e73\u5747\u53ec\u56de\uf961 \u5e73\u5747\u7cbe\u78ba\uf961 \u9ad8\u4e2d\u8a9e\uf9be 9954 500 62% 91% \u9ad8\u4e2d\u8a9e\uf9be(\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e) 9954 500 46% \u8868 20 \u96a8\u6a5f\u62bd\u9078\uf906\uf969\u8207\u5176\u5c0d\uf99c\u7d50\u679c \u65b0\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\u8a5e\u7d44\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u7576\uff62\u5206\uf969\uf94f\u7a4d\uff63\uf969\u503c\u8d85\u904e 1 \u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\uf965\u8868\u793a\u662f\u900f\u904e\uf978\u7d44\uf906\u5c0d\u4ee5 5. \u7d50\uf941 95% \u76f8\u95dc\u5206\u6790 \u9ede\u4e92\u8a0a\u606f \u5206\uf969\uf94f\u7a4d Dice \u4fc2\uf969 \u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6bd4\uf9b5 \u5b8c\u5168\u6b63\u78ba 34 35 82 38 \u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u5c07\u6539\uf97c\u904e\u5f8c\u7684\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\u6a21\u7d44\uff0c\u6574\u5408\u81f3\u5f35\u667a\u5091\u5728 2007 \uf98e\u6240\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u8f14\u52a9\u5f0f\u8a66\u984c\u7ffb\u8b6f 37 \u90e8\u5206\u6b63\u78ba 15 14 15 15 10 \u932f\u8aa4 51 51 3 47 53 \u6b63\u78ba\uf961(\u5b8c\u5168\u6b63\u78ba/100) 34% 35% 82% 38% 37% 0.6 1 0.8 1 \u7cfb\u7d71[11]\u7e3d\u7d50\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5c07\u539f\u59cb\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\u6280\u8853\u9032\ufa08\u6539\uf97c\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u7372\u5f97\u6f22\u82f1\u4e4b\u9593\u8a5e\u5e8f 0.8 0.6 \u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4ee5\u8f14\u52a9\u7ffb\u8b6f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u6548\u80fd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u900f\u904e\u5927\uf97e\u7684\u5e73\ufa08\u8a9e\uf9be\uff0c\uf92d\u7372\u5f97\u65b0\u7684\u8a5e\u5c0d\u7d44 \u8868 23 \u4eba\u5de5\u6aa2\u6e2c\u6392\u5e8f\u5f8c\u524d 100 \u540d\u7d44\u5408(\u4e00\u5c0d\u591a) 0.4 0.4 \u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u64f4\u5145\u7cfb\u7d71\u6240\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7684\u6f22\u82f1\u8fad\u5178\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u63a8\u5ee3\u81f3\u5176\u9918\u9700\u8981\u65b0\u8a5e\u5f59\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002 \u76f8\u95dc\u5206\u6790 \u9ede\u4e92\u8a0a\u606f \u5206\uf969\uf94f\u7a4d Dice \u4fc2\uf969 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\u5168\u90e8\u9032\ufa08\u4eba\u5de5\u6aa2\u6e2c(\u4e00\u5c0d\u4e00\u5171\u6709 468 \u7d44\u8a5e\u5c0d\uff0c\u4e00\u5c0d\u591a\u5171\u6709 1333 \u7d44\u8a5e\u5c0d)\uff0c\u5176\u9918\u8a5e\u5f59\u7d44\u5408 \u7b2c\u4e00\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u8a5e\u5f59\u5c0d\uf99c\u6642\uff0c\u4e26\u7121\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5148\u5c07\u5927\u591a\uf969\u8a5e\u5f59\u9032\ufa08\u904e\uf984\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u5982\uff1c\u5c0e\u81f4-\u53bb\u5c0d\u5206\uf969\uf94f\u7a4d\u9032\ufa08\u4eba\u5de5\u6aa2\u6e2c\uff0c\u4f9d\u7167\u5206\uf969\uf94f\u7a4d\u7684\uf969\u503c\u7576\u4f5c\u5340\u9593\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u8d85\u904e 1 \u7684\u8a5e\u5f59\u7d44\u5408 \u975e\u540c\u6a23\uf977\u773c\u3002\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u4eba\u96dc\u8a8c\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5e73\ufa08\u8a9e\uf9be\u96e3\ufa01\u8f03\u9ad8\uff0c\u5728\u9032\ufa08 \u5f9e\u8868 22 \u548c\u8868 23 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mind\uff1e\uff0c\u6545\u9019\u4e9b 0.6 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07 3.2.1 \u7bc0\u4e2d\u6240\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u505c\u7528\u8a5e\uf99c\u8868\u7576\u4f5c\u904e\uf984\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u6392\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u8a5e\u5c0d\uff0c \u53f3\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u907a\uf9cd\u5b57\u8a5e\u4e2d\u6240\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u65b0 0.7 \u98df-going on a diet\uff1e\u3001\uff1c\u4e0a\u7db2-on the 0.8 \u8a5e\u7d44\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u8a9e\uf9be\u672c\u8eab\u4e2d\u6240\u64f7\u53d6\u51fa\uf92d\u7684\uff0c\u5982\uff1c\u7bc0 0.9 1 \u5e73\u5747\u53ec\u56de\uf961 \u5e73\u5747\ufa1d\u78ba\uf961 \uf96b\u8003\u6587\u737b</td></tr></table>", |
| "text": "______ the ______ ______, the movie star has married seven times. \u7b54\u6848\uff1aAs; story; goes \u6574\uf906\u5f0f\u7ffb\u8b6f \u63d0\u793a\uf906\u5b50\uff1a\u539f\u5b50\u9418\u9700\u8981\uf969\u767e\u842c\u5143\uf92d\u88fd\u9020\u3002 ___________________________________________________________________ \u7b54\u6848\uff1aAtomic clocks cost several million dollars to make. You can change a lot of functions with the remote control . \uff0c\u5176 BLEU \u548c NIST \u50c5\u5fae\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u7d04 0.03\u3002" |
| } |
| } |
| } |
| } |
