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| "title": "Chair, Program Committee iii SPECIALIST REVIEWERS", |
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| "abstract": "This volume contains the papers prepared for the 30th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, held 28 June-2 July in Newark, Delaware. Following on from last year's innovation, papers presented at the separate student session are also to be found, gathered in a separate section at the end of this Proceedings. In keeping with the prestigious nature of the meeting, and despite a number of alternative conferences in our area, the programme committee was once again confronted With a large number of very high quality submissions from around the world. Balancing our desire to accept as many as possible of those which merited inclusion with the need to present a conference programme which ordinary mortals could reasonably be expected to benefit from proved, as always, a difficult challenge. We hope the results, as represented by the conference itself and the papers collected here, will stand as a fair and representative cross-section of the best work in the field today. Many people contributed to the success of this year's meeting, and I'm happy to have the opportunity of recording our thanks to them: to Martin Kay, Karen Sparck Jones and Don Walker, for the invited talks; to Bonnie Webber, for organising the excellent set of tutorial sessions; to", |
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| { |
| "text": "This volume contains the papers prepared for the 30th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, held 28 June-2 July in Newark, Delaware. Following on from last year's innovation, papers presented at the separate student session are also to be found, gathered in a separate section at the end of this Proceedings. In keeping with the prestigious nature of the meeting, and despite a number of alternative conferences in our area, the programme committee was once again confronted With a large number of very high quality submissions from around the world. Balancing our desire to accept as many as possible of those which merited inclusion with the need to present a conference programme which ordinary mortals could reasonably be expected to benefit from proved, as always, a difficult challenge. We hope the results, as represented by the conference itself and the papers collected here, will stand as a fair and representative cross-section of the best work in the field today. Many people contributed to the success of this year's meeting, and I'm happy to have the opportunity of recording our thanks to them: to Martin Kay, Karen Sparck Jones and Don Walker, for the invited talks; to Bonnie Webber, for organising the excellent set of tutorial sessions; to", |
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| "body_text": [ |
| { |
| "text": "William A. Gale and Joseph B. Kruskal ", |
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| "start": 11, |
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| "text": "Gale and Joseph B. Kruskal", |
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| "section": "Statistics for Computational Linguists", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "As linguistic corpora get larger, computational linguists are turning increasingly to statistical techniques. This tutorial focusses on statistical techniques that have been useful in linguistic research, being careful to avoid those that have not been. For each method we review its strengths and weaknesses, and the conditions under which it it may or may not be used. The tutorial provides references to statistical texts, but does NOT include mathematical derivations. Graphical displays are used where possible to show the qualitative behavior of methods.", |
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| "section": ", AT&T Bell Laboratories", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "The review starts with some very basic tools, such as methods for estimating the frequency of a token (word or n-gram), especially in the important but subtle case when the token has not occurred in the training sample. We emphasize the sometimes underappreciated importance of uncertainty (variability, standard deviation) of estimates. The foundations of the Bayesian approach to statistics are reviewed, because the approach has been found useful in such Widely different contexts as author identification, information retrieval, and sense disambiguation. A general orientation to such broadly useful tools as clustering, factor analysis/principal components analysis, and multidimensional scaling is included.", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": ", AT&T Bell Laboratories", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "The use of an adjunction operation on elementary trees as the primitive operation of a grammar formalism was first proposed by Joshi, Levy, and Takahashi in the mid 1970's. Since then, a series of formalisms based on tree adjunction, Under the name tree-adjoining grammars (TAG), have been defined and their properties explored. Certain attractive properties of treeadjoining grammars have led to their being proposed as solutions to a wide variety of natural-language-processing problems.", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "Leading Issues in Tree Adjunction Yves Schabes, University of Pennsylvania and Stuart Shieber, Harvard University", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "In this tutorial, we will focus on leading issues in the use of tree adjunction and tree-adjoining grammars for computational linguistic applications. After reviewing the basic concepts of TAGs and some standard grammatical analyses making use of the mechanisms, the tutorial will focus on the following issues of currency in the TAG research community (and on the associated formalisms and methods): (1) lexicalization of TAGS (lexicalized TAGs); (2) mechanisms for specifying grammatical constraints (adjoining constraints and feature-based TAGs); (3) relation between syntactic and semantic structure (synchronous TAGs); (4) statistical modeling with TAGs (stochastic TAGs); (5) TAG parsing algorithms. We will describe how these issues bear on several computational applications of TAGs, including: grammatical analysis, semantic interpretation, tactical generation, machine translation, and statistical language modeling.", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "Leading Issues in Tree Adjunction Yves Schabes, University of Pennsylvania and Stuart Shieber, Harvard University", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "This tutorial aims to give researchers who are interested in working with large text corpora the information and the resources they need to get started. We will discuss: (1) what corpora are available, and how to get them; (2) practical, legal and technical issues in getting new material; (3) availability of annotated corpora; (4) software for simple linguistic annotation of unrestricted text -lemmatizers, taggers, parsers -what is available, and how to create your own; (5) how to do efficient machine-aided annotation; (6) how to index and search large (annotated or plain) corpora efficiently; (7) examples of research based on large corpora.", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "Very Large Text Corpora: What You Can Do with Them, and How to Do It Mark Liberman and Mitch Marcus, University of Pennsylvania", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "Discussion of the design and implementation of a sample of useful and available software will be featured. We will provide a bibliography and a guide to available corpora and software.", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "Very Large Text Corpora: What You Can Do with Them, and How to Do It Mark Liberman and Mitch Marcus, University of Pennsylvania", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "Situation semantics is a mathematically-based semantics, grounded in situation theory. Introduced by Barwise and Perry in the early 1980s, both situation theory and situation semantics have developed considerably since the appearance of their 1983 book Situations and Attitudes. The current \"standard text\" is my own book Logic and Information, published by Cambridge University Press in 1991. The tutorial will be based on that reference.", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "Situation Semantics Keith Devlin, Colby College", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "I will begin with a brief overview of situation theory, explaining how it provides a framework for a general theory of information. Although situation theory is a mathematical theory, it does not presuppose any substantial mathematical prerequisites, though some mathematical sophistication enables a greater appreciation of various parts of the situation-theoretic ontology. This will be followed by an introduction to situation semantics, covering the relational theory of word and sentence meaning. Specific topics to be covered in addition to the basic framework are definite descriptions and conditionals. Time permitting we will also look at how situation theory can be used to handle the way speaker and listener make use of social knowledge in natural language interaction, and possible applications of situation theory to the design of interactive information systems. ", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "Situation Semantics Keith Devlin, Colby College", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "Once again, these proceedings conclude with the papers accepted for slaort presentations at the student sessions of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. The student sessions differ from the main conference in their emphasis on work in progress, judged on the basis of insight, creativity and promise.", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "PREFACE TO THE STUDENT SESSION PAPERS", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "The first ACL student sessions were held in 1991 at the 29th ACL Meeting, under the stewardship of Bonnie Lynn Webber and Philip Resnik. The stated goals were (1) to allow student members to hone their presentation skills in a conference setting; (2) to provide student members with reactions to their research from the community at large at a point where such reactions could make a significant difference; and (3) to act as \"ice breakers\", giving student members an opportunity to talk with each other and with more senior researchers. The success of the 1991 sessions in meeting these goals provided the incentive for again including student sessions in 1992.", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "PREFACE TO THE STUDENT SESSION PAPERS", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "The response to the call for papers was quite gratifying, eliciting 48 submissions (a 26% increase over last year). Our thanks go to all the authors, and to the members of the Student Session Committee, who participated in planning the session organization: Tilman Becker, University of Saarbruecken; Alan Black, University of Edinburgh; Barbara Di Eugenio, University of Pennsylvania; Eric Iverson, New Mexico State University; Lynn Lambert, University of Delaware; Karen Lochbaum, Harvard University; and Cameron Shelley, University of Waterloo. The student sessions were made possible by the initiative and support of the ACL Executive Committee and the 1992 Program and Local Arrangements Committees. We would also like to thank Sandra Carberry, Philip Resnik, and especially Don Walker for their advice and guidance thoughout the planning of the student sessions.", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "PREFACE TO THE STUDENT SESSION PAPERS", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "Our thanks also to the Student Session Program Committee. The thoroughness, helpfulness, and expeditiousness of the reviewing were truly exemplary. ", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "PREFACE TO THE STUDENT SESSION PAPERS", |
| "sec_num": null |
| } |
| ], |
| "back_matter": [], |
| "bib_entries": {}, |
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| "TABREF0": { |
| "html": null, |
| "num": null, |
| "text": "Discourse Relations in Context Alex Lascarides, Nicholas Asher & Jon Oberlander ............................................................................................ 1 An Algorithm for VP Ellipsis Daniel Hardt .......................................................................................................... . ..................................... : ........ 9", |
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| "text": "The reviewing team included the Student Session Committee members (above) as well as the following regular ACL members: Dan Fass, Simon Fraser University; Julia Hirschberg, AT&T Bell Laboratories; Graeme Hirst, University of Toronto; Ed Hovy, USC/ISI; James Martin, University of Colorado; Chris Mellish, University of Edinburgh; Carl Pollard, Ohio State University; Graeme Ritchie, University of Edinburgh; Candy Sidner, Digital Equipment Corporation; Mark Steedman, University of Pennsylvania; and Wolfgang Wahlster, University of Saarbruecken. We gratefully acknowledge additional reviews provided by Eric Brill, University of Pennsylvania; Bob Carpenter, Carnegie Mellon University; Ted Dunning, New Mexico State University; Stephen Helmreich, New Mexico State University; Donald Hindle, AT&T Bell Labs; Bob Kaspar, Ohio State University; Graham Katz, University of Rochester; Marc Light, University of Rochester; Massimo Poesio, University of Rochester; and Kent Wittenburg, Bellcore. Schubert and David Traum, University of Rochester Illegal NP Omissions Using Local Focus Linda Z.Suri ..................................................................................................................................................... 273 SomeProblematic Cases of VP Ellipsis Daniel Hardt .....................................................................................................................................................", |
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| "content": "<table><tr><td>Correcting</td></tr><tr><td>Lenhart Student Session Co-Chairs</td></tr></table>" |
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| } |
| } |
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