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| "paper_id": "2020", |
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| "date_generated": "2023-01-19T08:12:31.513028Z" |
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| "title": "New Developments in the Polish Parliamentary Corpus", |
| "authors": [ |
| { |
| "first": "Maciej", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Ogrodniczuk", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": { |
| "laboratory": "", |
| "institution": "Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw", |
| "location": { |
| "country": "Poland" |
| } |
| }, |
| "email": "maciej.ogrodniczuk@ipipan.waw.pl" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Bart\u0142omiej", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Nito\u0144", |
| "suffix": "", |
| "affiliation": { |
| "laboratory": "", |
| "institution": "Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw", |
| "location": { |
| "country": "Poland" |
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| "email": "" |
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| "abstract": "This short paper presents the current (as of February 2020) state of preparation of the Polish Parliamentary Corpus (PPC)-an extensive collection of transcripts of Polish parliamentary proceedings dating from 1919 to present. The most evident developments as compared to the 2018 version is harmonization of metadata, standardization of document identifiers, uploading contents of all documents and metadata to the database (to enable easier modification, maintenance and future development of the corpus), linking utterances to the political ontology, linking corpus texts to source data and processing historical documents.", |
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| "text": "This short paper presents the current (as of February 2020) state of preparation of the Polish Parliamentary Corpus (PPC)-an extensive collection of transcripts of Polish parliamentary proceedings dating from 1919 to present. The most evident developments as compared to the 2018 version is harmonization of metadata, standardization of document identifiers, uploading contents of all documents and metadata to the database (to enable easier modification, maintenance and future development of the corpus), linking utterances to the political ontology, linking corpus texts to source data and processing historical documents.", |
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| "text": "The Polish Parliamentary Corpus 1 (Ogrodniczuk, 2018) is a collection of proceedings of Polish parliament dating from 1919 to present. It includes transcripts of Sejm sittings (including Legislative Sejm and State National Council), Sejm committee sittings from 1993, Sejm interpellations and questions from 1997, Senate sittings from 1922-1939 and 1989 to present 2 and Senate committee sittings from 2015. The collection is consequently updated with the most current data acquired from the Sejm and the Senate web portals. Currently the size of the textual data in the corpus amounts to over 340 thousand documents and almost 750 million tokens. The data features annotation following the National Corpus of Polish (Przepi\u00f3rkowski et al., 2012, NKJP) 3 (Przepi\u00f3rkowski et al., 2012 ) TEI P5 XML format and conventions. Paragraph-, sentence-and token-level segmentation, lemmatization and morphosyntactic description was automatically produced with Morfeusz2 and disambiguated with Concraft2 (Waszczuk et al., 2018) . The named entity layer was produced with Liner2 (Marci\u0144czuk et al., 2013) and the dependency annotation layer with COMBO (Rybak and Wr\u00f3blewska, 2018) .", |
| "cite_spans": [ |
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| "start": 34, |
| "end": 53, |
| "text": "(Ogrodniczuk, 2018)", |
| "ref_id": "BIBREF7" |
| }, |
| { |
| "start": 335, |
| "end": 353, |
| "text": "1922-1939 and 1989", |
| "ref_id": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "start": 717, |
| "end": 752, |
| "text": "(Przepi\u00f3rkowski et al., 2012, NKJP)", |
| "ref_id": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "start": 755, |
| "end": 783, |
| "text": "(Przepi\u00f3rkowski et al., 2012", |
| "ref_id": "BIBREF8" |
| }, |
| { |
| "start": 993, |
| "end": 1016, |
| "text": "(Waszczuk et al., 2018)", |
| "ref_id": "BIBREF10" |
| }, |
| { |
| "start": 1067, |
| "end": 1092, |
| "text": "(Marci\u0144czuk et al., 2013)", |
| "ref_id": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "start": 1140, |
| "end": 1168, |
| "text": "(Rybak and Wr\u00f3blewska, 2018)", |
| "ref_id": "BIBREF9" |
| } |
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| "section": "Introduction", |
| "sec_num": "1." |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "Apart from the main improvement consisting in adding new data (see Table 1 for detailed statistics) several improvements have been made in the corpus.", |
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| "start": 67, |
| "end": 74, |
| "text": "Table 1", |
| "ref_id": "TABREF2" |
| } |
| ], |
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| "section": "Corpus improvements", |
| "sec_num": "2." |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "Harmonization of metadata The basic list of metadata for all document types (plenary sittings, committee sittings and questions) was set to comprise document title, 1 Pol.", |
| "cite_spans": [ |
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| "start": 165, |
| "end": 166, |
| "text": "1", |
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| } |
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| "section": "Corpus improvements", |
| "sec_num": "2." |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "Korpus Dyskursu Parlamentarnego, see clip. ipipan.waw.pl/PPC.", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
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| "section": "Corpus improvements", |
| "sec_num": "2." |
| }, |
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| "text": "2 The gap results from the fact that the Senate was abolished by the authorities of the Polish People's Republic and re-established after the reinstatement of democracy after the collapse of the communist government.", |
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| "section": "Corpus improvements", |
| "sec_num": "2." |
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| "text": "3 Pol. Narodowy Korpus J\u0119zyka Polskiego, see http:// nkjp.pl.", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
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| "section": "Corpus improvements", |
| "sec_num": "2." |
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| { |
| "text": "publisher (Sejm or Senate), political system (Second Polish Republic -1918 -1939 , Polish People's Republic -1945 -1989 , the transition period with the Contract Sejm -1989-1991 and the current Third Republic -from 1991 to present day), chamber (Sejm, Senate or the National Council), term of office, document type and the major date of the source. Assignment of historical documents to the term of office was also adjusted, the information on the regime and chamber has been added, document names have been standardized and several naming errors corrected. Missing information on speakers has been filled in and the corpus header has been updated.", |
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| "start": 60, |
| "end": 74, |
| "text": "Republic -1918", |
| "ref_id": null |
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| { |
| "start": 75, |
| "end": 80, |
| "text": "-1939", |
| "ref_id": null |
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| { |
| "start": 81, |
| "end": 113, |
| "text": ", Polish People's Republic -1945", |
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| }, |
| { |
| "start": 114, |
| "end": 119, |
| "text": "-1989", |
| "ref_id": null |
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| "section": "Corpus improvements", |
| "sec_num": "2." |
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| "text": "The corpus has been divided into 27 periods corresponding to the terms of office of chambers in three different political systems of Poland in the last 100 years (see rows of Table 1 ). All identifiers of documents have been standardized reflecting the logical structure of the system:", |
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| "start": 175, |
| "end": 182, |
| "text": "Table 1", |
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| "section": "Standardization of document identifiers", |
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| { |
| "text": "191922 \u2193 period -sjm \u2193 chamber -ppxxx \u2193 type -00002 \u2193 sitting/number -01 \u2193 day/part", |
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| "section": "Standardization of document identifiers", |
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| "text": "Database development The contents of all documents and metadata have been uploaded to a specifically developed database to enable easier modification, maintenance and future development of the corpus. The current size of the corpus amounts to 749M segments with detailed distribution over houses, periods, and document types presented in Table 1 . Apart from the stenographic records of plenary sittings (261M segments) and committee sittings (288M segments), the corpus contains 199M segments of interpellations and questions. Sejm 312 6 945 162 ----1922-1927 1st term of office 277 7 338 355 ----1928-1930 2nd 58 2 139 835 ----1930-1935 3rd 72 2 404 267 ----1935-1938 4th 73 2 133 181 ----1938-1939 5th 23 610 455 --- -1943-1947 of government and the parliament. Specifically, it contains information about the MPs (their gender, functions, terms of office, political affiliation) and political parties. The corpus data, previously marked with speaker names only, was linked to the PPO by extending the particDesc section in TEI header files (header.xml) of individual documents of the corpus. Links were represented as pointers (ptr elements) to functions in PPO (see Fig. 2.) .", |
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| "start": 738, |
| "end": 748, |
| "text": "-1943-1947", |
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| "start": 338, |
| "end": 345, |
| "text": "Table 1", |
| "ref_id": "TABREF2" |
| }, |
| { |
| "start": 528, |
| "end": 737, |
| "text": "Sejm 312 6 945 162 ----1922-1927 1st term of office 277 7 338 355 ----1928-1930 2nd 58 2 139 835 ----1930-1935 3rd 72 2 404 267 ----1935-1938 4th 73 2 133 181 ----1938-1939 5th 23 610 455 ---", |
| "ref_id": "TABREF2" |
| }, |
| { |
| "start": 1189, |
| "end": 1197, |
| "text": "Fig. 2.)", |
| "ref_id": "FIGREF0" |
| } |
| ], |
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| "section": "Standardization of document identifiers", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "Linking corpus texts to source data Corpus data have been updated with links to the original materials which were used as source of text, i.e.:", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
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| "section": "Linking utterances to the political ontology The Polish", |
| "sec_num": null |
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| { |
| "text": "\u2022 websites from which the text of individual documents has been extracted", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
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| "section": "Linking utterances to the political ontology The Polish", |
| "sec_num": null |
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| "text": "\u2022 websites from which the metadata for the document concerned has been extracted", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "Linking utterances to the political ontology The Polish", |
| "sec_num": null |
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| { |
| "text": "\u2022 records of meetings in PDF format.", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
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| "sec_num": null |
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| "text": "In order to prevent a possible loss of access to the source files (e.g. due to changes in parliamentary services) the source files were additionally downloaded to store their copies locally. The process has been completed with a number of Internet robots browsing respective websites, separately for docu-<teiHeader ...> ... <profileDesc> <particDesc> ... <person xml:id=\"PrezesRadyMinistrowDonaldTusk\" role=\"speaker\"> <persName>The Prime Minister Donald Tusk</persName> <linkGrp type=\"function\"> <ptr target=\"http://legis.nlp.ipipan.waw.pl/onto/ppo.owl #Donald_Franciszek_Tusk__Sejm6\"/> <ptr target=\"http://legis.nlp.ipipan.waw.pl/onto/ppo.owl #Donald_Tusk_2051\"/> <ptr target=\"http://legis.nlp.ipipan.waw.pl/onto/ppo.owl #Donald_Tusk_280\"/> </linkGrp> </person> </particDesc> </profileDesc> </teiHeader> Figure 1 : Representation of pointers to Polish Political Ontology in TEI header ments between 1919 and 1997 as well as terms of office 2-6, 7-8 and 9 (due to changes in IT systems used in these periods). The processing consisted of keeping the URL address of the document source, the URL address of a file containing the content of the document, usually in PDF format and the address of the page containing document metadata.", |
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| "start": 806, |
| "end": 814, |
| "text": "Figure 1", |
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| "section": "Linking utterances to the political ontology The Polish", |
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| "text": "Processing historical documents Due to changes in Polish ortography in 1936 modern tools are not always very successful with processing older data. To overcome this problem, a transcriber for historical documents and a customized version of morphological analyzer have been included in the process of linguistic analysis of 1027 documents between 1919 and 1939. The processing pipeline consists of:", |
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| "text": "1. a rule transcriber 5 with a set of rules for nineteenthcentury language 6 (Kiera\u015b et al., 2017) (the original text is preserved in the database)", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "Linking utterances to the political ontology The Polish", |
| "sec_num": null |
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| "text": "2. Morfeusz2 morphological analyzer using SGJP dictionary extended with vocabulary of the 19th century (Kiera\u015b and Woli\u0144ski, 2018) but with a set of tags consistent with contemporary vocabulary 3. Concraft2 tagger (no additional modifications) 4. Liner2 (no additional modifications);", |
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| "start": 103, |
| "end": 130, |
| "text": "(Kiera\u015b and Woli\u0144ski, 2018)", |
| "ref_id": "BIBREF3" |
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| ], |
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| "section": "Linking utterances to the political ontology The Polish", |
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| "text": "5. COMBO (no additional modifications).", |
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| "text": "The previous searchable version of the corpus was made available as Poliqarp (Janus and Przepi\u00f3rkowski, 2006) search engine binary (to be run on user's computer) and a Poliqarp-powered simple online search engine was available to facilitate search in a familiar NKJP-like interface. Still, one of the major faults of Poliqarp was inability to combine search over different annotation layers.", |
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| "text": "(Janus and Przepi\u00f3rkowski, 2006)", |
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| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "MTAS-based search engine", |
| "sec_num": "3." |
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| "text": "To overcome this flaw, a new framework for building search engines was created based on MTAS (Brouwer et al., 2017) , a stable and reliable solution for multi-layered linguistic search, currently also used for other corpora of Polish 7 . MTAS offers rich search functions, using regular expressions, filtering results using metadata or merging of analytical layers. Figure 3 . presents a sample search result linking the morphological analysis layer with named entity layer: proper names identical with common names can be easily filtered.", |
| "cite_spans": [ |
| { |
| "start": 93, |
| "end": 115, |
| "text": "(Brouwer et al., 2017)", |
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| } |
| ], |
| "ref_spans": [ |
| { |
| "start": 366, |
| "end": 374, |
| "text": "Figure 3", |
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| "section": "MTAS-based search engine", |
| "sec_num": "3." |
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| "text": "The processing of the corpus is ongoing on many levels, starting with adding new historical data (transcripts of committee meetings before 1989). Several 'administrative' tasks are also envisaged, starting from processing of corpus data with new versions of linguistic tools made available in the recent months. They are e.g. newest version of Morfeusz2, Concraft2 or COMBO parser, providing dependency trees. Even though the manual correction of OCR-ed data has been successful, there are still numerous typos in this data, mostly due to poor quality of originals before 1989. To overcome this problem, new methods for automated discovery of errors in the texts will be developed, such as investigation of words unrecognized by the morphological analyser or detection of non-standard character ngrams. Related to this task is implementation of mechanisms that trigger linguistic analysis and re-indexation of corrected data after changes have been approved by an authorized user.", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
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| "section": "Current and future work", |
| "sec_num": "4." |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "7 See e.g. the 1 million subcorpus of NKJP (http://nkjp. ", |
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| "section": "Current and future work", |
| "sec_num": "4." |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "http://zil.ipipan.waw.pl/ PolishPoliticalOntology", |
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| "section": "", |
| "sec_num": null |
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| "text": "https://bitbucket.org/jsbien/pol 6 http://chronofleks.nlp.ipipan.waw.pl/ static/files/reguly_xixw.zip", |
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| { |
| "text": "The work reported here was financed as part of the investment in the CLARIN-PL research infrastructure funded by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education.", |
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| "section": "Acknowledgements", |
| "sec_num": null |
| } |
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| "title": "MTAS: A Solr/Lucene based Multi Tier Annotation Search solution", |
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| "FIGREF0": { |
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| "type_str": "figure", |
| "text": "Sample search result in the corpus" |
| }, |
| "TABREF0": { |
| "type_str": "table", |
| "text": "Political Ontology 4 (PPO) is an RDF resource created in 2015 and modelling the Polish political scene of the period 1989-2014. It includes significant actors based in Polish political and other public institutions, including members", |
| "content": "<table><tr><td/><td/><td/><td/><td>Sittings</td><td colspan=\"2\">Committees</td><td colspan=\"2\">Interpellations</td></tr><tr><td>System</td><td>Years</td><td>Period</td><td>docs</td><td>segments</td><td>docs</td><td>segments</td><td>docs</td><td>segments</td></tr><tr><td/><td colspan=\"2\">1919-1922 Legislative</td><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Second</td><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Polish</td><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>Republic</td><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/></tr></table>", |
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| "TABREF2": { |
| "type_str": "table", |
| "text": "Statistics of the Polish Parliamentary Corpus (2020)", |
| "content": "<table/>", |
| "num": null, |
| "html": null |
| }, |
| "TABREF3": { |
| "type_str": "table", |
| "text": "nlp.ipipan.waw.pl/), the Electronic Corpus of 17th and 18th century Polish Texts (http://korba.edu.pl/) Corpus of 19th Century Polish (http://korpus19.nlp.ipipan.", |
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| "num": null, |
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