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\u6839\u64da\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u63a2\u7d22\u91cd\u9ede\u805a\u7126\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u8208\u8d77\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u53ef\u59d1\u4e14\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba \u300c\u53ca\u7269\u5316\u300d(transitivization)\u3002\u6f22\u8a9e\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\u5176\u5be6\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u4e86\u76f8\u7576\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u548c\u5f8c\u7e8c\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff1a\u9f4a \u6eec\u63da(2000)\u5373\u6307\u51fa\u300c\u6f22\u8a9e\u8ff0\u8cd3\u7d50\u69cb\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u512a\u52e2\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u539f\u975e\u8ff0\u8cd3\u7d50\u69cb\u6709\u5411\u8ff0\u8cd3\u7d50\u69cb\u9760 \u650f\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u9019\u6a23\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e00\u4e9b\u539f\u5148\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e36\u8cd3\u8a9e\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e\u4e5f\u9010\u6f38\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e36\u8cd3\u8a9e\u4e86\uff0c\u53ca\u7269\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u5448 \u64f4\u5927\u8da8\u52e2\u3002\u300d\u4ed6\u8209\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e7e\u500b\u6dfa\u986f\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u4f5c\u70ba\u53c3\u8003\uff1a (1) a. b. \u6211\u5011\u76f8\u898b[\u5317\u4eac]\u3002 \u5982(1a)\u4e2d\u52d5\u524d\u7684\u7531\u300c\u70ba\u300d\u5f15\u4ecb\u7684\u53d7\u60e0\u8005\u300c\u4eba\u6c11\u300d\u5728(1b)\u4e2d\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u52d5\u5f8c\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8cd3\u8a9e\uff1b\u53c8\u5982 (2a)\u4e2d\u52d5\u524d\u7684\u7531\u300c\u7528\u300d\u5f15\u4ecb\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u300c\u6bdb\u7b46\u300d\u5728(2b)\u4e2d\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u52d5\u5f8c\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8cd3\u8a9e\uff1b\u6700\u5f8c(3a) \u4e2d\u52d5\u524d\u7684\u7531\u300c\u5728\u300d\u5f15\u4ecb\u7684\u5730\u9ede\u300c\u5317\u4eac\u300d\u5728(3b)\u4e2d\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u52d5\u5f8c\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8cd3\u8a9e\u3002 \u8521\u7dad\u5929(2017)\u5247\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e0a\u8ff0\u53ca\u7269\u5316\u73fe\u8c61\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6587\u9ad4\u6216\u5730\u5340\u7279\u5225\u986f\u8457\uff1a\u6bd4\u5982\u8aaa\u81fa\u7063\u5a92 \u9ad4\u4e0b\u7c21\u77ed\u6a19\u984c\u6642\u5c31\u5e38\u63a1\u7528\u6b64\u7a2e\u53ca\u7269\u53e5\u69cb\uff1a\u8868\u5c0d\u8c61\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5982(4a-c)\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u5225\u8f49\u5beb\u70ba (5a-c)\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u52d5\u5f8c\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8cd3\u8a9e\u653e\u5230\u4e86\u52d5\u524d\u4ecb\u8a5e\u7d44\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1a (4) a. \u99ac\u6797\u9b5a\u4ecd\u751c\u871c\u5fa9\u4ec7[\u7d05\u96c0]\u3002 b. \u5f35\u827e\u4e9e\u751f\u65e5\u544a\u767d[\u8a31\u5b5f\u54f2]\u3002 c. \u6cd5\u9662\u55c6\u8072[\u738b\u5bf6\u5f37]\u3002 (5) a. \u99ac\u6797\u9b5a\u4ecd[\u5c0d\u7d05\u96c0]\u751c\u871c\u5fa9\u4ec7\u3002 b. \u5f35\u827e\u4e9e\u751f\u65e5[\u5c0d\u8a31\u5b5f\u54f2]\u544a\u767d\u3002 c. \u6cd5\u9662[\u5c0d\u738b\u5bf6\u5f37]\u55c6\u8072\u3002 \u8868\u793a\u8207\u540c(comitative)\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5982(6a-c)\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u5225\u8f49\u5beb\u70ba(7a-c)\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u52d5\u524d\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u7528\u6cd5\u7684 \u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a (6) a. \u4f0a\u6717\u65b7\u4ea4\u6c99\u570b\u3002 b. \u8521\u5eb7\u6c38\u727d\u624b\u5c0f S\uff0c\u2026 c. \u856d\u4e9e\u8ed2\u5206\u624b\u767e\u5104\u7537\u53cb\u3002 d. \u79e6\u51f1\u6c42\u5a5a\u4f55\u59ff\u3002 (7) a. \u4f0a\u6717\u8ddf\u6c99\u570b\u65b7\u4ea4\u3002 b. \u8521\u5eb7\u6c38\u8ddf\u5c0f S \u727d\u624b\uff0c\u6dda\u7051\u9304\u5f71\u73fe\u5834\u3002 c. \u856d\u4e9e\u8ed2\u8ddf\u767e\u5104\u7537\u53cb\u5206\u624b\u3002 d. \u79e6\u51f1\u8ddf\u4f55\u59ff\u6c42\u5a5a\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\u662f\u8868\u9054\u8499\u53d7\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684(8a,b)\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u5225\u7528\u52d5\u524d\u7684\u300c\u7d66\u300d\u3001\u300c\u628a\u300d\u8f49\u5beb\u70ba(9a,b)\uff1a (8) a. \u6cd5\u9678\u7a7a\u7f77\u5de5\u6dfb\u4e82\u6b50\u570b\u676f\u3002 b. \u7f8e\u570b\u806f\u90a6\u6cd5\u5b98\u6253\u81c9\u5ddd\u666e\u3002 (9) a. \u6cd5\u9678\u7a7a\u7f77\u5de5\u7d66\u6b50\u570b\u676f\u6dfb\u4e82\u3002 b. \u7f8e\u570b\u806f\u90a6\u6cd5\u5b98\u628a\u5ddd\u666e\u6253\u81c9\u3002 \u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u65b0\u8208\u7684\u53ca\u7269\u5316\u5728\u654d\u4e8b\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u5247\u8f03\u5c11\u898b\u3002\u66f4\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u985e\u7528\u6cd5\u5728\u53e3 \u8a9e\u4e2d\u53cd\u800c\u80fd\u7522\u6027\u9817\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u666e\u904d\uff1a\u5728\u52d5\u5f8c\u8cd3\u8a9e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5f15\u4ecb\u5c0d\u8c61\u8ad6\u5143\u7684\u6709(10a-d)\uff0c\u53ef \u5206\u5225\u6539\u5beb\u70ba(11a-d)\uff1a (10) a. \u6709\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u767c\u554f[\u4f60]\uff1f b. \u4ed6\u5e38\u8f15\u6311[\u5973\u751f]\u3002 c. \u4f60\u5225\u523b\u8584[\u4eba\u5bb6]\u3002 d. \u4f46\u6211\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u4f86\u9760\u5317[\u5979]\u3002 (11) a. \u6709\u6c92\u6709\u4eba[\u5c0d\u4f60]\u767c\u554f\uff1f b. \u4ed6\u5e38[\u5c0d\u5973\u751f]\u8f15\u6311\u3002 c. \u4ed6[\u70ba\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b]\u5f88\u50b7\u5fc3\u3002 d. \u4ed6[\u70ba\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b]\u5f88\u9ad8\u8208\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u5f15\u4ecb\u8499\u53d7\u8ad6\u5143\u7576\u76f4\u63a5\u8cd3\u8a9e\u7684\u5247\u662f(14a,b) \uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u5225\u6539\u5beb\u70ba (15a-d)\uff1a (14) a. \u4ed6\u9084\u60f3\u8981\u7d22\u8ce0[\u5c0d\u65b9]\u3002 b. \u4f60\u600e\u9ebc\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u9ce5[\u4eba\u5bb6]\uff1f (15) a. \u4ed6\u9084\u60f3\u8981[\u8ddf\u5c0d\u65b9]\u7d22\u8ce0\u3002 b. \u4f60\u600e\u9ebc\u53ef\u4ee5[\u628a\u4eba\u5bb6]\u653e\u9ce5\uff1f \u4e8c\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5 \u6211\u5011\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u4f7f\u7528\u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\u9a57\u8b49\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6f22\u8a9e\u53ca\u7269\u5316\u6f14\u8b8a\u7684\u8da8\u52e2(\u53c3\u95b1\u8521\u7dad\u5929 2017)\uff0c\u8003 \u91cf\u53ca\u7269\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u5e74\u4ee3\u8207\u8a9e\u9ad4\u800c\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u9078\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u65b0\u805e\u8cc7\u6599\u4f5c\u70ba\u7814\u7a76 \u6a19\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u5340\u5206\u6a19\u984c\u8207\u5167\u6587\u4ee5\u5c0d\u6bd4\u8a9e\u9ad4\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5206\u5225\u5c07\u9019\u4e09\u4efd\u8cc7\u6599\u5efa\u69cb\u6210\u4ee5\u4f9d\u5b58\u95dc\u4fc2 (Universal dependency)(Nivre et al., 2015, 2016)\u70ba\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u4e26\u62bd\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u8cc7\u6599 \u505a\u7d71\u8a08\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u6b65\u9a5f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a \u8868\u4e00\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u6a19\u9ede\u7b26\u865f \u8655\u7406\u524d \u8655\u7406\u5f8c \u74b0\u4fdd\u7f72\u63a8\u51fa\u74b0\u4fdd\u5efa\u8a2d\u516d\u5e74\u8a08\u756b \u6cd5\u570b\u4e0d\u5728\u610f\u65e5\u672c\u5c0d\u5176\u6838\u8a66\u7684\u676f\u845b \u8c50\u539f\u91ab\u9662\u8cbc\u5fc3\u624b\u63a8\u8eca\u670d\u52d9\u89e3\u6c7a\u4f4f\u51fa\u9662\u884c \u674e\u7169\u60f1 \u74b0\u4fdd\u7f72\u63a8\u51fa\u74b0\u4fdd\u5efa\u8a2d\u516d\u5e74\u8a08\u756b\u3002 \u6cd5\u570b\u4e0d\u5728\u610f\u65e5\u672c\u5c0d\u5176\u6838\u8a66\u7684\u676f\u845b\u3002 \u8c50\u539f\u91ab\u9662\u8cbc\u5fc3\u624b\u63a8\u8eca\u670d\u52d9\u89e3\u6c7a\u4f4f\u51fa\u9662\u884c \u674e\u7169\u60f1\u3002 \u5716\u4e00\u3001\u4f9d\u5b58\u53e5\u6cd5\u5206\u6790 \u8868\u56db\u3001\u300c\u4ecb\u7cfb\u8a5e \u65c1\u683c\u8ad6\u5143 \u52d5\u8a5e\u300d\u62bd\u53d6\u898f\u5247 \u62bd\u53d6\u898f\u5247 1. \u4ecb\u7cfb\u8a5e A. \u53e5\u5b50\u5305\u542b\u4e0b\u6b04\u7684\u4ecb\u7cfb\u8a5e\uff0c\u4e14\u4e2d\u7814\u9662 Core NLP \u8a5e\u6027\u5206\u6790 \u70ba\u4ecb\u7cfb\u8a5e(P)\u3002 B. \u4f9d\u9644\u65bc\u52d5\u8a5e(root)\u6216\u662f\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684\u4f9d\u9644\u8a5e (\u898b\u62bd\u53d6\u7bc4\u4f8b(2)) \u3002 C. \u4f9d\u9644\u95dc\u4fc2\u70ba case\u3001mark \u6216\u662f acl\u3002 2. \u65c1\u683c\u8ad6\u5143 A. \u4f9d\u9644\u65bc\u52d5\u8a5e(root)\u6216\u662f\u4ecb\u7cfb\u8a5e B. \u4f9d\u9644\u95dc\u4fc2\u70ba obj\u3001obl \u6216\u662f nmod \u4ecb\u7cfb\u8a5e\u5217\u8868 \u5728, \u4ee5, \u8207, \u5c0d, \u5f9e, \u7232, \u7531, \u5230, \u5411, \u65bc, \u548c, \u7528, \u8ddf, \u7d66, \u81f3, \u5716\u4e09\u3001\u4f9d\u5b58\u53e5\u6cd5\u5206\u6790 \u8cc7\u6599\u4e00\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u4e8c\u7686\u70ba 1991 \u5e74\u81f3 2004 \u5e74\u7684\u65b0\u805e\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u70ba\u6a19\u984c\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u70ba\u5167\u6587\uff0c\u53ef \u7528\u4f86\u63a2\u7a76\u8da8\u52e2\u4e00\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u53ca\u7269\u5316\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u6211\u5011\u6839\u64da\u7b2c\u4e09\u7bc0\u7684\u62bd\u53d6\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u7d71\u8a08\u6a19\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684\u53ca\u7269 \u7d50\u69cb\u8207\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u6b21\u6578\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u8acb\u898b\u8868\u4e94\u3002 \u8868\u4e94\u3001\u8cc7\u6599\u4e00\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u4e8c\u53ca\u7269\u6027\u7d71\u8a08\u7d50\u679c \u8cc7\u6599\u4e00(\u6a19\u984c 1991-2004) \u8cc7\u6599\u4e8c(\u5167\u6587 1991-2004) \u6bd4\u8f03 \u53ca\u7269 \u4e0d\u53ca\u7269 \u53ca\u7269\u6027 \u53ca\u7269 \u4e0d\u53ca\u7269 \u53ca\u7269\u6027 1 > 2 \u5728\u610f 10 0 1 \u5728\u610f 29 37 0.44 \u00fc \u5fa9\u4ec7 1 0 1 \u5fa9\u4ec7 1 1 0.5 \u00fc (\u4e8c)\u53ca\u7269\u6027\u65bc\u8de8\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a \u8da8\u52e2\u4e8c\u7684\u53ca\u7269\u5316\u60c5\u5f62\u53ef\u900f\u904e\u5c0d\u6bd4\u8cc7\u6599\u4e8c\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u4e09\u4f86\u4e00\u8667\u7aef\u502a\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u4e8c\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u4e09\u7686\u70ba \u65b0\u805e\u5167\u6587\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u6574\u5e74\u4ee3\u8f03\u4e45(1991 \u5e74\u81f3 2004 \u5e74)\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5e74\u4ee3\u8f03\u65b0\u3002\u53ca\u7269\u5316\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c0d \u6bd4\u7d50\u679c\u8acb\u898b\u8868\u516d\u3002 \u8868\u516d\u3001\u8cc7\u6599\u4e8c\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u4e09\u53ca\u7269\u6027\u7d71\u8a08\u7d50\u679c \u6c42\u6551 40 647 0.06 \u6c42\u6551 11 129 0.08 \u00fb \u8cc7\u6599\u4e8c\u6216\u8cc7\u6599\u4e09\u4e2d\u53ca\u7269\u7d50\u69cb\u300c\u52d5\u8a5e \u53d7\u683c\u8ad6\u5143\u300d\u8207\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u7d50\u69cb\u300c\u4ecb\u7cfb\u8a5e \u65c1\u683c\u8ad6\u5143 \u52d5 \u8a5e\u300d\u7b46\u6578\u70ba\u96f6\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e\u6709 8 \u7b46(\u5982\uff1a\u300c\u6dfb\u4e82\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6253\u81c9\u300d)\uff0c\u66ab\u4e0d\u5217\u5165\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u8868\u516d\u8868\u683c\u5b89 \u6392\u8207\u53ca\u7269\u6027\u6309\u8868\u4e94\u65b9\u5f0f\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u5206\u6578\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ca\u7269\u6027\u8d8a\u5f37\uff0c\u5c0d\u6bd4\u7d50\u679c\u70ba\uff0c28 \u500b\u52d5\u8a5e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709 16 \u500b\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684\u53ca\u7269\u6027\u6709\u96a8\u5e74\u4ee3\u800c\u905e\u589e\u7684\u8da8\u52e2(\u5982\uff1a\u300c\u64d4\u5fc3\u300d\u3001\u300c\u95dc\u5fc3\u300d)\uff0c\u6709 2 \u500b\u52d5\u8a5e \u7684\u53ca\u7269\u6027(\u5982\uff1a\u300c\u767c\u554f\u300d\u3001\u300c\u76f8\u898b\u300d)\u672a\u61c9\u5e74\u4ee3\u800c\u7522\u751f\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u6709 10 \u500b\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684\u53ca\u7269\u6027 \u524d\u8ff0\u89c0\u5bdf\u8207\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u61c9\u8a72\u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u79d1\u5b78\u5145\u4efd\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u5be6\u8b49\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u6578\u64da\u652f \u6301\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u8a9e\u8a00\u6559\u5b78\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7b49\u9762\u5411\u4e0a\u767c\u63ee\u5176\u6f5b\u5728\u61c9\u7528\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u82e5\u5f9e\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5e73\u884c \u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\u505a\u521d\u6b65\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u53ca\u7269\u5316\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u5f88\u96e3\u627e\u5230\u8de8\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u5c0d\u61c9\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u51f8\u986f\u4e86\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5728\u8a9e\u8a00\u985e \u578b\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff1a\u4ee5(16)\u4e2d\u7684\u5c0d\u8b6f\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u8a9e\u5e8f\u4e0a\u82f1\u8a9e\u7684\u4ecb\u8a5e\u7d50\u69cb\u5728\u52d5\u5f8c\u800c\u975e\u52d5\u524d\uff0c\u9019 \u8207\u5176\u300c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5728\u524d\u300d(head-initial)\u7684\u7279\u8272\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u82f1\u8a9e\u540d\u52d5\u4e92\u8f49\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u975e\u5e38\u767c\u9054(\u4ea6 \u5373 quality \u00de qualify)\uff0c\u800c\u6f22\u8a9e\u53ea\u80fd\u9760\u5f15\u4ecb\u8f15\u52d5\u8a5e(light verb)\u5982\u300c\u53d6\u5f97\u300d\u4f86\u7ffb\u8b6f\u3002 (16) Andrew qualified as a teacher in 1995. (\u4e00) 3. \u65b0\u805e\u8cc7\u6599_\u5167\u6587\u4e8c\uff1a2004 \u5e74\u81f3 2017 \u5e74\uff0c177 \u842c\u591a\u5247 (\u4e8c)\u8cc7\u6599\u8655\u7406\u8207\u5256\u6790 \u70ba\u63d0\u5347 Chinese Stanford Parser \u7684\u4f9d\u5b58\u95dc\u4fc2\u5256\u6790\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5148\u9032\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9810\u8655\u7406\uff1a\u5c07\u6a19 \u984c(\u8cc7\u6599\u4e00)\u7d50\u5c3e\u88dc\u4e0a\u53e5\u9ede\u7b26\u865f\uff0c\u89e3\u6c7a Stanford Parser \u50be\u5411\u5c07\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u8a5e\u5256\u6790\u6210\u6a19\u9ede\u7b26 \u865f\u7684\u554f\u984c(\u5982\u8868\u4e00)\u3002\u5167\u6587\u90e8\u5206(\u8cc7\u6599\u4e8c\u3001\u8cc7\u6599\u4e09)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53e5\u9ede\u3001\u554f\u865f\u3001\u5206\u865f\u3001\u9a5a\u5606\u865f\u65b7 \u53e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u53e5\u5b50\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u800c\u9020\u6210\u4f9d\u5b58\u95dc\u4fc2\u5256\u6790\u932f\u8aa4(\u5982\u8868\u4e8c)\u3002\u5c07\u8655\u7406\u597d\u5f8c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e2d \u7814\u9662\u8a5e\u5eab\u5c0f\u7d44 CKIP CoreNLP \u7cfb\u7d71\u65b7\u8a5e\u8207\u505a\u8a5e\u6027\u5256\u6790\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4f7f\u7528 Chinese Stanford \u8868\u4e8c\u3001\u5c07 Tagged Chinese Gigaword \u91cd\u65b0\u65b7\u53e5 \u8655\u7406\u524d \u7d93, \u5f80, \u9760, \u66ff, \u85c9, \u671d, \u6309, \u6191, \u6cbf, \u628a, \u5c0d\u65bc \u62bd\u53d6\u7bc4\u4f8b (1) \u4ed6 \u4f4f \u5728 \u53f0\u5317 \u3002 (\u7b26\u5408\u62bd\u53d6\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u53c3\u898b\u5716\u4e8c) \u602a\u7f6a 7 0 1 \u602a\u7f6a 22 17 0.56 \u00fc \u52a0\u5bb3 2 0 1 \u52a0\u5bb3 2 4 0.33 \u00fc \u8cc7\u6599\u4e09(\u5167\u6587 2004-2017) \u8cc7\u6599\u4e8c(\u5167\u6587 1991-2004) \u6bd4\u8f03 \u53ca\u7269 \u4e0d\u53ca\u7269 \u53ca\u7269\u6027 \u53ca\u7269 \u4e0d\u53ca\u7269 \u53ca\u7269\u6027 \u4e0d\u589e\u53cd\u6e1b(\u5982\uff1a\u300c\u727d\u624b\u300d\u3001\u300c\u523b\u8584\u300d)\u3002 \u5b89\u5fb7\u9b6f \u65bc 1995 \u5e74 \u53d6\u5f97 \u6559\u5e2b \u8cc7\u683c \u3002 3 > 2 \u8655\u7406\u5f8c \u6208\u5df4\u5951\u592b\u66fe\u8868\u793a\uff0c \u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u524d\u9996\u8166\u514b\u7559\u5951\u67ef \u592b\u662f\u653f\u8b8a\u4e3b\u8b00\u3002 \u611b\u6ecb\u75c5\u60a3\u8005\u5c0d\u4ed6\u793e\u4ea4\u5708\u5167\u5225\u4eba\u5c0d\u4ed6\u7684\u770b \u6cd5\uff0c \u8207\u5c0d\u5f85\u4ed6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c \u975e\u5e38\u5728\u610f\u3002 \u6208\u5df4\u5951\u592b\u66fe\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u570b\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u59d4\u54e1\u6703 \u524d\u9996\u8166\u514b\u7559\u5951\u67ef\u592b\u662f\u653f\u8b8a\u4e3b\u8b00\u3002 \u611b\u6ecb\u75c5\u60a3\u8005\u5c0d\u4ed6\u793e\u4ea4\u5708\u5167\u5225\u4eba\u5c0d\u4ed6\u7684\u770b \u6cd5\uff0c\u8207\u5c0d\u5f85\u4ed6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u5728\u610f\u3002 \u4e09\u3001 \u62bd\u53d6\u4f9d\u5b58\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u898f\u5247 \u62bd\u53d6\u8a5e\u5f59\uff1a\u4f4f(root) \u5728(mark) \u53f0\u5317(obj) \u95dc\u5fc3 489 19 0.96 \u95dc\u5fc3 481 230 0.68 \u00fc \u64d4\u5fc3 923 265 0.78 \u64d4\u5fc3 417 185 \u00fc 0.69 \u4e00\u500b\u53e5\u5b50\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7368\u7acb\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4f9d\u9644\u65bc(depend on)\u5176\u4ed6\u8a5e\uff0c\u5716\u4e00\u7684\u300c\u95dc\u5fc3\u300d\u5373\u70ba \u6b64\u4f8b\uff0c\u6a19\u793a\u7684\u4f9d\u5b58\u95dc\u4fc2\u70ba\"root\"\uff0c\u5176\u9918\u8a5e\u5f59\u5247\u9808\u4f9d\u9644\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8a5e\u5f59\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u7bad\u982d\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5982 \u300c\u4ed6\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5f88\u300d\u8207\u300c\u8b70\u984c\u300d\u7686\u4f9d\u9644\u65bc\u300c\u95dc\u5fc3\u300d\uff0c\u4f9d\u5b58\u95dc\u4fc2\u5206\u5225\u70ba\u4e3b\u8a5e(nsubj)\u3001\u526f\u8a5e \u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e(advmod)\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d7\u8a5e(obj)\uff0c\u800c\u300c\u793e\u6703\u300d\u5247\u4f9d\u9644\u65bc\u300c\u8b70\u984c\u300d\uff0c\u4f9d\u5b58\u95dc\u4fc2\u70ba\u540d\u8a5e \u4fee\u98fe\u8a9e(nmod)\u3002\u4f9d\u5b58\u53e5\u6cd5\u6a39\u76f4\u63a5\u6a19\u8a3b\u8a5e\u8207\u8a5e\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u8a5e\u8207\u8a5e\u7d44\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5982 \u5716\u4e00\u4e2d\u4f9d\u9644\u5728\u300c\u95dc\u5fc3\u300d\u7684\u8a5e\u70ba\u300c\u8b70\u984c\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u300c\u793e\u6703 \u8b70\u984c\u300d\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u4f86\uff0c\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u5f97\u77e5 (2) \u6211 \u5c0d \u5b78\u751f \u5f88 \u95dc\u5fc3 \u3002(\u7b26\u5408\u62bd\u53d6\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u53c3\u898b\u5716\u4e09) \u64d4\u5fc3 176 9 0.95 \u64d4\u5fc3 417 185 0.69 \u00fc \u95dc\u5fc3 919 287 0.76 \u95dc\u5fc3 481 230 \u00fc \u9019\u9ede\u5728(17)\u3001(18)\u7684\u5c0d\u8b6f\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u5370\u8b49\uff1a\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u82f1\u8a9e\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u4ecb\u8a5e for\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u7ffb\u8b6f\u537b 0.68 \u62bd\u53d6\u8a5e\u5f59\uff1a\u5c0d(case) \u5b78\u751f(nmod) \u95dc\u5fc3(root) (3) \u6211 \u7528 \u5200\u5b50 \u5207 \u8089\u3002(\u7b26\u5408\u62bd\u53d6\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u53c3\u898b\u5716\u56db) \u62bd\u53d6\u8a5e\u5f59\uff1a\u5c0d(case) \u5b78\u751f(nmod) \u95dc\u5fc3(root) \u5716\u56db\u3001\u4f9d\u5b58\u53e5\u6cd5\u5206\u6790 \u56db\u3001\u7d71\u8a08\u7d50\u679c\u8207\u5206\u6790 \u770b\u597d 383 22 0.95 \u770b\u597d 325 310 0.51 \u00fc \u524d\u9032 56 12 0.82 \u524d\u9032 101 182 0.36 \u5439\u725b 5 1 0.83 \u5439\u725b 3 0 1 \u00fb (\u4e09)\u7d50\u679c\u5206\u6790 \u9700\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u300c\u559d\u300d\u3001\u300c\u627e\u300d\u7b49\u52d5\u8a5e\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u52d5\u5f8c\u7684\u53ca\u7269\u7528\u6cd5\uff1a\u5176\u5be6\u6b64\u8655 for \u7684\u6027\u8cea\u975e\u5e38 \u00fc \u670d\u52d9 168 41 0.8 \u670d\u52d9 555 563 0.5 \u00fc \u6df7 2 1 0.67 \u6df7 15 17 0.47 \u602a\u7f6a 28 11 0.72 \u602a\u7f6a 22 17 \u00fc 0.56 \u5728\u610f 188 84 0.69 \u5728\u610f 29 37 0.44 \u00fc \u63a5\u8fd1\u6f22\u8a9e\u4e2d\u8a9e\u610f\u6cdb\u5316\u7684\u8f15\u52d5\u8a5e\uff1b\u4e00\u65e6\u7ffb\u6210\u4e2d\u6587\u4fbf\u9700\u8981\u7167\u9867\u5230\u8cd3\u8a9e\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u7528\u66f4 \u8cc7\u6599\u4e00\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u4e8c\u7684\u5c0d\u6bd4\u53cd\u61c9\u51fa\u6a19\u984c\u6bd4\u5167\u6587\u6587\u9ad4\u66f4\u50be\u5411\u4f7f\u7528\u53ca\u7269\u53e5\u69cb(\u8da8\u52e2\u4e00)\uff0c23 \u00fc \u544a\u767d 5 3 0.63 \u544a\u767d 7 6 0.54 \u770b\u597d 674 309 0.69 \u770b\u597d 325 310 0.51 \u00fc \u500b\u52d5\u8a5e\u4e2d\u6709 16 \u500b\u52d5\u8a5e\u652f\u6301\u9019\u500b\u8da8\u52e2\u3002\u8cc7\u6599\u4e8c\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u4e09\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u5448\u73fe\uff0c\u5728\u5e74\u4ee3\u8f03\u8fd1\u7684\u8a9e\u6599 \u660e\u78ba\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e\u624d\u884c\uff1a \u00fc \u65b7\u4ea4 14 11 0.56 \u65b7\u4ea4 7 112 0.06 \u00fc \u5206\u624b 3 4 0.43 \u5206\u624b 2 35 0.05 \u670d\u52d9 1201 743 0.62 \u670d\u52d9 555 563 \u00fc 0.5 \u52a0\u5bb3 3 2 0.6 \u52a0\u5bb3 2 4 0.33 \u00fc \u6709\u8f03\u591a\u53ca\u7269\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c28 \u500b\u52d5\u8a5e\u4e2d\u6709 16 \u500b\u52d5\u8a5e\u6709\u53ca\u7269\u5316\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u4e9b\u5fae\u53cd\u61c9\u51fa\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c0d\u53ca\u7269\u5316 (17) It was freezing outside and Marcia longed for a hot drink \u00fc \u76f8\u898b 3 5 0.38 \u76f8\u898b 3 29 0.09 \u00fc \u80cc\u4fe1 3 2 0.6 \u80cc\u4fe1 1 0 \u00fb \u7684\u5f71\u97ff(\u8da8\u52e2\u4e00)\u3002\u5f9e\u6578\u64da\u4e0a\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c0d\u53ca\u7269\u5316\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u6c92\u6709\u6587\u9ad4\u5dee\u7570\u986f\u8457\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u53e5\u6cd5 \u5916\u9762 \u5f88 \u51b7 \uff0c \u746a\u897f\u96c5 \u5f88 \u60f3 \u559d \u4e00 \u676f \u71b1\u98f2 \u3002 1 \u8207\u8003\u5bdf\u76ee\u6a19\u8a5e\u5f59\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8a5e\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f9d\u5b58\u95dc\u4fc2\u70ba\u4f55\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7684\u62bd\u53d6\u8207\u642d\u914d\u8a5e \u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u6578\u64da\u8003\u5bdf\u6f22\u8a9e\u53ca\u7269\u5316\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u805a\u7126\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5169\u500b\u9805\u76ee\uff1a 1. \u6a19\u984c\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u66f8\u9762\u6587\u9ad4\u66f4\u50be\u5411\u4f7f\u7528\u53ca\u7269\u53e5\u69cb\u3002 \u6c42\u5a5a 5 10 0.33 \u6c42\u5a5a 4 19 0.17 \u00fc \u7d22\u8ce0 16 45 0.26 \u7d22\u8ce0 31 64 0.33 \u00fb \u7dca\u5f35 3 15 0.17 \u7dca\u5f35 2 81 0.02 \u00fc \u7d22\u8ce0 64 60 0.52 \u7d22\u8ce0 31 64 0.33 \u00fc \u6df7 115 109 0.51 \u6df7 15 17 \u00fc \u4e0a\u7684\u65b0\u8208\u6f14\u8b8a\u6703\u512a\u5148\u53cd\u61c9\u5728\u53e3\u8a9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u624d\u6703\u53cd\u61c9\u5728\u66f8\u9762\u8a9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u52d5\u8a5e\u6709\u96a8 (18) She groped for her glasses on the bedside table 0.47 \u50b7\u5fc3 12 12 0.5 \u50b7\u5fc3 1 5 0.17 \u6642\u9593\u6f14\u9032\u6709\u53ca\u7269\u5316\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u4e0d\u986f\u8457\u3002\u800c\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e0b\u6a19\u984c\u9700\u7c21\u77ed\u3001\u5438\u5f15\u8b80\u8005\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ca \u5979 \u5728 \u5e8a\u982d\u6ac3 \u4e0a \u6478\u7d22 \u8457 \u627e \u773c\u93e1 \u3002 \u00fc c. \u4f60\u5225[\u5c0d\u4eba\u5bb6]\u523b\u8584\u3002 d. \u4f46\u6211\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u4f86[\u5c0d\u5979]\u9760\u5317\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5f15\u4ecb\u53d7\u60e0\u8005\u6216\u539f\u56e0\u8ad6\u5143\u7576\u76f4\u63a5\u8cd3\u8a9e\u7684\u6709(12a-d)\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u5225\u6539\u5beb\u70ba(13a-d)\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269 \u7528\u6cd5(\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u7a31\u70ba\u534a\u53ca\u7269)\uff1a (12) a. \u5831\u7d19\u4e00\u76f4\u5439\u725b[\u4ed6]\u3002 b. \u8587\u5982\u7dca\u5f35[\u6211]\uff0c\u2026 c. \u4ed6\u5f88\u50b7\u5fc3[\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b]\u3002 d. \u4ed6\u5f88\u9ad8\u8208[\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b]\u3002 (13) a. \u5831\u7d19\u4e00\u76f4[\u70ba\u4ed6]\u5439\u725b\u3002 b. \u8587\u5982[\u70ba\u6211]\u7dca\u5f35\uff0c\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u8aaa\u4f60\u600e\u9ebc\u4e86\uff1f 1. \u91cd\u65b0\u65b7\u53e5\u3001\u70ba\u6a19\u984c\u88dc\u4e0a\u6a19\u9ede\u7b26\u865f 2. \u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u8a5e\u5eab\u5c0f\u7d44 CKIP CoreNLP \u7cfb\u7d71\u65b7\u8a5e\u8207\u505a\u8a5e\u6027\u5256\u6790 1 3. \u4f7f\u7528 Chinese Stanford Parser \u5256\u6790\u4f9d\u5b58\u95dc\u4fc2 2 \u672c\u7bc0\u5c07\u4ecb\u7d39\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\u3001\u9032\u884c\u7684\u9810\u8655\u7406\u8207\u904b\u7528\u7684\u5256\u6790\u5668(Parser)\u3002 Parser(UD_Chinese-GSD)\u505a\u4f9d\u5b58\u95dc\u4fc2\u5256\u6790\u3002\u8655\u7406\u5f8c\uff0c\u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u689d\u5217\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a \u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u81ea\u7136\u8655\u7406\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4f7f\u7528\u4f9d\u5b58\u53e5\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u6a39(Universal Dependencies Treebank)\u4f86\u8a13\u7df4\u53e5\u6cd5\u5256\u6790\u5668\u3002Universal Dependencies(Nivre et al., 2015, 2016)\u662f\u4e00\u500b \u8de8\u8a9e\u8a00\u8a9e\u6cd5\u6a19\u8a3b\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u6db5\u84cb\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u8d85\u904e 70 \u7a2e\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f8\u95dc\u7814\u7a76\u5b78\u8005\u8a02\u5b9a \u4e86\u8de8\u8a9e\u8a00\u6a19\u8a3b\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6e96\u5247(Nivre et al., 2015, 2016)\uff0c\u8d85\u904e 70 \u500b\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002\u5728\u4f9d\u5b58\u53e5\u6cd5\u5206\u6790 \u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u4e0b\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u6a19\u8a3b\u8a5e\u8207\u8a5e\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4f9d\u5b58\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u7d50\u69cb\u8f03\u70ba\u6241\u5e73\uff0c\u5982\u5716\u4e00\u6240\u793a\u3002 \u672c\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u6a19\u70ba\u8003\u5bdf\u52d5\u8a5e\u53ca\u7269\u8207\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u7528\u6cd5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8a9e\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff0c\u9700\u62bd\u53d6\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5169\u500b\u7d50 \u69cb\uff1a(1) \u52d5\u8a5e \u53d7\u683c\u8ad6\u5143; (2) \u4ecb\u7cfb\u8a5e \u65c1\u683c\u8ad6\u5143 \u52d5\u8a5e\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4f9d\u7167\u8868\u4e09\u3001\u8868\u56db\u7684\u898f\u5247\u62bd\u53d6 \u4f9d\u5b58\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u7d44\u6210\u6a19\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u4f8b\u53e5\u4e26\u7d71\u8a08\u6b21\u6578\u3002 \u8868\u4e09\u3001\u300c\u52d5\u8a5e \u53d7\u683c\u8ad6\u5143\u300d\u62bd\u53d6\u898f\u5247 \u62bd\u53d6\u898f\u5247 1. \u76ee\u6a19\u52d5\u8a5e\u70ba root\uff0c\u53d7\u683c\u8ad6\u5143\u4f9d\u5b58\u65bc root\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u4f9d\u5b58\u95dc\u4fc2\u70ba obj\u3002 2. root \u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u8a5e\u7684\u4f9d\u5b58\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u4f9d\u5b58\u95dc\u4fc2 mark\u3002 \u62bd\u53d6\u7bc4\u4f8b (1) \u4ed6 \u5f88 \u95dc\u5fc3 \u793e\u6703 \u8b70\u984c \u3002 (\u7b26\u5408\u62bd\u53d6\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u53c3\u898b\u5716\u4e00) \u62bd\u53d6\u8a5e\u5f59\uff1a\u95dc\u5fc3(root) \u8b70\u984c(obj) \u5716\u4e8c\u3001\u4f9d\u5b58\u53e5\u6cd5\u5206\u6790 \u6c42\u6551 3 16 0.16 \u6c42\u6551 11 129 0.08 \u00fc \u524d\u9032 339 426 0.44 \u524d\u9032 101 182 \u00fc \u7269\u52d5\u8a5e\u4f7f\u7528\u53ca\u7269\u5316\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u53ef\u9054\u5230\u5a92\u9ad4\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u56e0\u8a9e\u7528\u56e0\u7d20\u800c\u9055\u53cd\u53e5\u6cd5\u898f\u5247\u3002 0.36 2. \u5e74\u4ee3\u8f03\u8fd1\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e45\u9060\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u66f4\u50be\u5411\u4f7f\u7528\u53ca\u7269\u53e5\u69cb\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u5148\u5448\u73fe\u53ca\u7269\u5316\u5728\u6a19\u984c\u8207\u5167\u6587\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u518d\u63a2\u7a76\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c0d\u53ca\u7269\u5316\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u8521\u7dad\u5929 (2017)\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e\u4f5c\u70ba\u8d77\u9ede\uff0c\u4f86\u89c0\u5bdf\u6f22\u8a9e\u53ca\u7269\u5316\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\uff1a\u5728\u610f\u3001\u95dc\u5fc3\u3001\u670d\u52d9\u3001\u76f8 \u898b\u3001\u64d4\u5fc3\u3001\u5fa9\u4ec7\u3001\u544a\u767d\u3001\u55c6\u8072\u3001\u65b7\u4ea4\u3001\u727d\u624b\u3001\u5206\u624b\u3001\u6c42\u5a5a\u3001\u6dfb\u4e82\u3001\u6253\u81c9\u3001\u80cc\u4fe1\u3001\u5077\u60c5\u3001 \u767c\u554f\u3001\u8f15\u6311\u3001\u523b\u8584\u3001\u9760\u5317\u3001\u5439\u725b\u3001\u7dca\u5f35\u3001\u50b7\u5fc3\u3001\u9ad8\u8208\u3001\u7d22\u8ce0\u3001\u653e\u9ce5\u3001\u6df7\u3001\u5288\u817f\u3001\u6c42\u6551\u3001 \u524d\u9032\u3001\u8912\u734e\u3001\u602a\u7f6a\u3001\u52a0\u5bb3\u3001\u770b\u597d\u3001\u773c\u7d05\u3001\u982d\u75db\u3002 \u55c6\u8072 0 2 0 \u55c6\u8072 4 10 0.29 \u00fb \u767c\u554f 0 2 0 \u767c\u554f 8 31 0.21 \u00fb \u50b7\u5fc3 0 1 0 \u50b7\u5fc3 1 5 0.17 \u00fb \u9ad8\u8208 0 26 0 \u9ad8\u8208 7 211 0.03 \u00fb \u982d\u75db 0 2 0 \u982d\u75db 0 18 0 --\u6211\u5011\u5148\u6392\u9664\u8cc7\u6599\u4e00\u6216\u8cc7\u6599\u4e8c\u4e2d\u53ca\u7269\u7d50\u69cb \u300c\u52d5\u8a5e \u53d7\u683c\u8ad6\u5143\u300d \u8207\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u7d50\u69cb \u300c\u4ecb\u7cfb\u8a5e \u65c1 \u683c\u8ad6\u5143 \u52d5\u8a5e\u300d\u7b46\u6578\u70ba\u96f6\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e 13 \u7b46(\u5982\uff1a\u300c\u6dfb\u4e82\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6253\u81c9\u300d)\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b04\u8207\u7b2c\u516d\u6b04\u70ba \u53ca\u7269\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u7b46\u6578\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b04\u8207\u7b2c\u4e03\u6b04\u70ba\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u7b46\u6578\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u6b04\u8207\u7b2c\u516b\u6b04\u70ba\u6a19\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684 \u5077\u60c5 3 5 0.38 \u5077\u60c5 1 0 1 \u00fb \u523b\u8584 1 2 0.33 \u523b\u8584 0 1 \u00fb \u6700 \u5f8c \u662f qualify \u5176 \u5be6 \u662f \u4e00 \u7a2e \u4f7f \u52d5 \u52d5 \u8a5e \uff0c \u76f8 \u7576 \u65bc cause someone to have the \u52d5\u8a5e\u6709 16 \u7d44\u672a\u652f\u6301\u53ca\u7269\u5316\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684\u8a5e\u983b\u8f03\u4f4e(\u5982\uff1a \u300c\u5077 0 \u5fa9\u4ec7 4 10 0.29 \u5fa9\u4ec7 1 1 0.5 \u00fb \u767c\u554f 8 31 0.21 \u767c\u554f 8 31 0.21 --\u7dca\u5f35 19 108 0.15 \u7dca\u5f35 2 81 0.02 \u00fc \u9ad8\u8208 25 147 0.15 \u9ad8\u8208 7 211 0.03 \u00fc \u982d\u75db 5 29 0.15 \u982d\u75db 0 18 0 \u00fc \u727d\u624b 2 13 0.13 \u727d\u624b 1 3 0.25 \u00fb \u6c42\u5a5a 27 198 0.12 \u6c42\u5a5a 4 19 0.17 \u00fb \u5206\u624b 26 204 0.11 \u5206\u624b 2 35 0.05 \u00fc quality/certificate of a teacher\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u6f22\u8a9e\u6c92\u6709\u985e\u4f3c\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u592a\u80fd\u8aaa \u300c\u53d6\u5f97\u8cc7\u683c\u6210\u6559\u5e2b\u300d \uff0c \u60c5\u300d\u3001\u300c\u523b\u8584\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5fa9\u4ec7\u300d\u3001\u300c\u55c6\u8072\u300d\u7b49)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5ea6\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e\uff0c\u5c0d\u8a9e\u6cd5\u8b8a\u5316\u6703\u8f03\u4fdd\u5b88\uff0c \u672a\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u5148\u4ee5\u8a5e\u983b\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e\u70ba\u7814\u7a76\u6a19\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u8a5e\u983b\u7684\u5e72\u64fe\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u80fd\u70ba\uff0c \u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u6027\u4e0d\u5920\u9ad8\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u4e00\u3001\u8cc7\u6599\u4e8c\u7684\u6587\u9ad4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e00\u70ba\u6a19\u984c\uff0c\u4e00\u70ba\u5167\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u540c\u5c6c\u65b0 \u805e\u6587\u9ad4\uff0c\u672a\u4f86\u95dc\u65bc\u6587\u9ad4\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53ef\u5c0d\u6bd4\u66f8\u9762\u8a9e\u8207\u53e3\u8a9e\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u53cd\u61c9\u51fa\u7684\u53ca\u7269\u5316\u8da8\u52e2\u6703 \u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u986f\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff0c\u7d71\u8a08\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u6539\u70ba\u7d71\u8a08\u6240\u6709\u6a19\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684\u9010\u5e74\u53ca\u7269\u5316\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u6216 \u8a31\u66f4\u9069\u5408\u8003\u5bdf\u53ca\u7269\u5316\u6b77\u5e74\u6f14\u8b8a\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\u300c\u6559\u5e2b\u300d\u4fbf\u5f9e\u88dc\u8a9e\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u540d\u524d\u5b9a\u8a9e\uff0c\u76f8\u7576\u82f1\u8a9e\u4e2d\u540d\u5f8c\u7684 of a teacher \u6216\u662f\u52d5\u5f8c\u7684 as a teacher\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u73fe\u8c61\u82e5\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u591a\u7684\u8a9e\u6599\u53ef\u4f9b\u5927\u6578\u64da\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u5728\u83ef\u8a9e\u6559\u5b78\u3001\u6587\u6cd5\u5beb \u4f5c\u3001\u6a5f\u5668\u7ffb\u8b6f\u7b49\u9762\u5411\u4e0a\u958b\u555f\u66f4\u5177\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u8b93\u6587\u6cd5\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u61c9\u7528\u505a\u66f4\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u7d50\u5408\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u958b\u59cb\u767c\u5c55\u300c\u5ba2\u88fd\u5316\u300d\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u6587\u6cd5\u641c\u5c0b\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u7528\u5927\u6578\u64da\u7406\u5ff5\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u5404 \u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u9ad4\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u5dee\u7570\u548c\u901a\u5247\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u61c9\u7528\u5230\u4fee\u8fad\u5b78\u3001\u6587\u9ad4\u5b78\u3001\u9ad8\u7d1a\u5beb\u4f5c\u3001\u8fad\u5178\u7de8\u7e82\u4ee5\u81f3 1. \u5343\u591a\u842c\u8a5e\u3002 \u6ffe\u9664\u7bc4\u4f8b (2) \u4ed6 \u4f4f \u5728 \u53f0\u5317 \u3002(\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u62bd\u53d6\u898f\u5247 2\uff0c\u53c3\u898b\u5716\u4e8c) \u4f4f(root) \u5728(mark) \u53f0\u5317(obj) \u53ca\u7269\u6027\uff0c\u8a08\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\u70ba\uff1a\u53ca\u7269\u7d50\u69cb\u9664\u4ee5\u7e3d\u6b21\u6578(\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u6b21\u6578\u52a0\u4e0a\u53ca\u7269\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u6b21\u6578) \uff0c \u544a\u767d 8 81 0.09 \u544a\u767d 7 6 0.54 \u00fb \u7b26\u865f\u5b78\u3001\u793e\u6703\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u7b49\u505a\u5177\u6709\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u7684\u8de8\u754c\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u6211\u5011\u6709\u4e86\u5920\u5927\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u5c07 (\u4e00)\u6a19\u984c\u8207\u5167\u6587\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u8207\u5206\u6790 \u5206\u6578\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ca\u7269\u6027\u8d8a\u5f37\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u6b04\u6bd4\u8f03\u6a19\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u4e00\u7684\u53ca\u7269\u6027\u662f\u5426\u6bd4\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u4e8c\u9ad8\u3002 \u65b7\u4ea4 3 29 0.09 \u65b7\u4ea4 7 112 0.06 \u00fc \u76f8\u898b 10 97 0.09 \u76f8\u898b 3 29 0.09 --\u89f8\u89d2\u5ef6\u4f38\u81f3\u8a8d\u77e5\u7d50\u69cb\u3001\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6(ontology)\u3001\u6b77\u53f2\u8a9e\u6cd5\u3001\u8a9e\u8a00\u985e\u578b\u5b78\u53ca\u666e\u904d\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c \u4e94\u3001\u7d50\u8ad6\u8207\u672a\u4f86\u5c55\u671b \u5c0d\u6bd4 23 \u500b\u52d5\u8a5e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709 17 \u500b\u52d5\u8a5e\u5728\u6a19\u984c\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u7684\u53ca\u7269\u6027\u6bd4\u5728\u5167\u6587\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u4f86\u5f97\u9ad8 (\u5982\uff1a \u300c\u5728 \u55c6\u8072 29 279 0.09 \u55c6\u8072 4 10 0.29 \u00fb \u8b93\u4e0d\u540c\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u65e2\u80fd\u5404\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u53c8\u53ef\u76f8\u4e92\u652f\u63f4\u3002</td></tr><tr><td>\u610f\u300d\u3001\u300c\u95dc\u5fc3\u300d)\uff0c\u6709 6 \u500b\u52d5\u8a5e\u5728\u5167\u6587\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u53ca\u7269\u6027\u8f03\u9ad8(\u5982\uff1a\u300c\u767c\u554f\u300d\u3001\u300c\u55c6\u8072\u300d)\u3002</td></tr></table>", |
| "type_str": "table", |
| "num": null, |
| "text": "\u4ed6\u5e38[\u70ba\u4eba\u6c11]\u670d\u52d9\u3002 b. \u4ed6\u5e38\u670d\u52d9[\u4eba\u6c11]\u3002 (2) a. \u4ed6\u5e38[\u7528\u6bdb\u7b46]\u5beb\u5b57\u3002 b. \u4ed6\u5e38\u5beb[\u6bdb\u7b46]\u5b57\u3002 (3) a. \u6211\u5011[\u5728\u5317\u4eac]\u76f8\u898b\u3002 \u8cc7\u6599\u4ecb\u7d39 \u6211\u5011\u5c07 LDC Tagged Chinese Gigaword 3 \u7684\u6a19\u984c\u8207\u5167\u6587\u5206\u958b\u5132\u5b58\u70ba\u5169\u4efd\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u6db5\u84cb \u7684\u65b0\u805e\u4f86\u6e90\u6709\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u901a\u8a0a\u793e\u3001\u65b0\u83ef\u901a\u8a0a\u793e\u8207\u806f\u5408\u65e9\u5831\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u5e74\u4efd\u70ba 1991 \u5e74\u5230 2004 \u5e74\uff0c \u65b0\u805e\u7d04 181 \u842c 6 \u5343\u591a\u7bc7\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u4efd\u8cc7\u6599\u70ba 2004 \u5e74\u5230 2017 \u5e74\u9593\u7684\u65b0\u805e\u5167\u6587\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u65b0\u805e\u4f86\u6e90 \u70ba\uff1a\u806f\u5408\u5831\u3001\u806f\u5408\u665a\u5831\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u65e5\u5831\uff0c\u7d04\u6709 177 \u842c\u591a\u7bc7\u65b0\u805e\u3002 1. \u65b0\u805e\u8cc7\u6599_\u6a19\u984c\uff1a1991 \u5e74\u81f3 2004 \u5e74\uff0c176 \u842c 8 \u5343\u591a\u5247 2. \u65b0\u805e\u8cc7\u6599_\u5167\u6587\u4e00\uff1a1991 \u5e74\u81f3 2004 \u5e74\uff0c176 \u842c 8 \u5343\u591a\u5247 \u65b0\u805e\u8cc7\u6599_\u6a19\u984c(1991 \u5e74\u81f3 2004 \u5e74)\uff1a176 \u842c 8 \u5343\u591a\u5247\uff0c181 \u842c 6 \u5343\u591a\u53e5\uff0c1650 \u842c 2 \u5343\u591a\u8a5e\u3002 2. \u65b0\u805e\u8cc7\u6599_\u5167\u6587\u4e00(1991 \u5e74\u81f3 2004 \u5e74)\uff1a176 \u842c 8 \u5343\u591a\u5247\uff0c1699 \u842c 8 \u5343\u591a\u53e5\uff0c4 \u5104 6293 \u842c\u591a\u500b\u8a5e\u3002 3. \u65b0\u805e\u8cc7\u6599_\u5167\u6587\u4e8c(2004 \u5e74\u81f3 2017 \u5e74)\uff1a177 \u842c\u591a\u5247\uff0c1665 \u842c 5 \u5343\u591a\u53e5\uff0c5 \u5104 2" |
| } |
| } |
| } |
| } |
