| { |
| "paper_id": "T78-1000", |
| "header": { |
| "generated_with": "S2ORC 1.0.0", |
| "date_generated": "2023-01-19T07:52:08.380146Z" |
| }, |
| "title": "", |
| "authors": [], |
| "year": "", |
| "venue": null, |
| "identifiers": {}, |
| "abstract": "", |
| "pdf_parse": { |
| "paper_id": "T78-1000", |
| "_pdf_hash": "", |
| "abstract": [], |
| "body_text": [ |
| { |
| "text": "Three years ago (June 6-8, 1975 ) a highly successful interdisciplinary workshop called TINLAP (Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing) was held at MIT with the purpose of \"bringing together researchers and students from computational linguistics, psychology, linguistics and artificial intelligence to provide a forum at which people with different interests in, and consequently different emphases on, the problems of natural language understanding, could learn of the models developed and difficult issues faced by people working on other aspects of understanding.\"", |
| "cite_spans": [ |
| { |
| "start": 16, |
| "end": 31, |
| "text": "(June 6-8, 1975", |
| "ref_id": null |
| } |
| ], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "The workshop was organized by Roger Schank of Yale and Bonnie Lynn Webber of Bolt Beranek and Newman. Approximately 350 people attended the meeting, many more than anticipated. A conference proceedings was published and made available before the meeting; so far approximately 1200 copies of this volume have been sold, and requests for copies are still being received.", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "In my statement as candidate for Chairman of ACM/SIGART, written in November 1976, I suggested that it would be valuable to hold one or more workshops on topics of common interest in years between the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (held on odd years since 1969), and I asked for suggestions about the topics and forms such workshops might take. Of the approximately 30 responses I received, nearly all specifically suggested another TINLAP conference. The University of Illinois was selected as the site because the ACL annual meeting was already scheduled for July [25] [26] [27] 1978 at Urbana in conjunction with the LSA (Linguistics Society of America) Surmner Institute, and because I had originally proposed the idea and am on the faculty at this campus.", |
| "cite_spans": [ |
| { |
| "start": 594, |
| "end": 598, |
| "text": "[25]", |
| "ref_id": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "start": 599, |
| "end": 603, |
| "text": "[26]", |
| "ref_id": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "start": 604, |
| "end": 608, |
| "text": "[27]", |
| "ref_id": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "start": 609, |
| "end": 613, |
| "text": "1978", |
| "ref_id": null |
| } |
| ], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "For TINLAP-2, I selected six topics which I felt were especially interesting from among those suggested by persons who had asked for another TINIAP meeting, and generated lists of questions to be considered by authors for four of the sessions; Session 2 questions were generated by Bonnie Lynn Webber, and those in Session 5 are from Aravind Joshi. The lists of questions appear at the end of this volume. Authors were encouraged to summarize or criticize research, to speculate on language understanding mechanisms or future research directions, or to report recent work of their own.", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "", |
| "sec_num": null |
| }, |
| { |
| "text": "I would like to thank the session chairpersons who took on a great deal of the organizing role, and the authors, all of whom had to meet a very tight deadline. I would also especially llke to thank Bonnie Lynn Webber and Andrew Ortony for helpful advice on organizing the conference, the Association for Computing Machinery and Association for Computational Linguistics for their sponsorship, support and advice, and Gary Brooks and Hazel Corray who helped prepare this volume. ", |
| "cite_spans": [], |
| "ref_spans": [], |
| "eq_spans": [], |
| "section": "", |
| "sec_num": null |
| } |
| ], |
| "back_matter": [], |
| "bib_entries": { |
| "BIBREF3": { |
| "ref_id": "b3", |
| "title": "Some Psycholinguistic Constraints on the Construction and Interpretation of Definite Descriptions Andrew Ortony", |
| "authors": [], |
| "year": null, |
| "venue": "", |
| "volume": "", |
| "issue": "", |
| "pages": "", |
| "other_ids": {}, |
| "num": null, |
| "urls": [], |
| "raw_text": "Some Psycholinguistic Constraints on the Construction and Interpretation of Definite Descriptions Andrew Ortony ............................................................................", |
| "links": null |
| }, |
| "BIBREF5": { |
| "ref_id": "b5", |
| "title": "The Use of Focus as a Tool for Disambiguation of Definite Noun Phrases Candace", |
| "authors": [], |
| "year": null, |
| "venue": "", |
| "volume": "", |
| "issue": "", |
| "pages": "", |
| "other_ids": {}, |
| "num": null, |
| "urls": [], |
| "raw_text": "The Use of Focus as a Tool for Disambiguation of Definite Noun Phrases Candace L. Sidner ...................................................................... 42", |
| "links": null |
| }, |
| "BIBREF6": { |
| "ref_id": "b6", |
| "title": "Discourse: Speech , Acts and Dialogue Focusing in Dialog Barbara J", |
| "authors": [], |
| "year": null, |
| "venue": "", |
| "volume": "", |
| "issue": "", |
| "pages": "", |
| "other_ids": {}, |
| "num": null, |
| "urls": [], |
| "raw_text": "Discourse: Speech , Acts and Dialogue Focusing in Dialog Barbara J. Grosz .......................................................................", |
| "links": null |
| }, |
| "BIBREF9": { |
| "ref_id": "b9", |
| "title": "Assent and Compliance in Children's Language Comprehension David R", |
| "authors": [], |
| "year": null, |
| "venue": "", |
| "volume": "", |
| "issue": "", |
| "pages": "", |
| "other_ids": {}, |
| "num": null, |
| "urls": [], |
| "raw_text": "Assent and Compliance in Children's Language Comprehension David R. Olson ..........................................................................", |
| "links": null |
| }, |
| "BIBREF10": { |
| "ref_id": "b10", |
| "title": "Speech Acts as a Basis for Understanding Dialogue Coherence C", |
| "authors": [ |
| { |
| "first": "James", |
| "middle": [ |
| "Raymond F" |
| ], |
| "last": "Perrault", |
| "suffix": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Philip", |
| "middle": [ |
| "R" |
| ], |
| "last": "Allen", |
| "suffix": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": ".", |
| "middle": [ |
| "." |
| ], |
| "last": "Cohen", |
| "suffix": "" |
| } |
| ], |
| "year": null, |
| "venue": "", |
| "volume": "", |
| "issue": "", |
| "pages": "", |
| "other_ids": {}, |
| "num": null, |
| "urls": [], |
| "raw_text": "Speech Acts as a Basis for Understanding Dialogue Coherence C. Raymond Perrault, James F. Allen and Philip R. Cohen ................................", |
| "links": null |
| }, |
| "BIBREF11": { |
| "ref_id": "b11", |
| "title": "A Framework for Comparing Language Experiences", |
| "authors": [], |
| "year": null, |
| "venue": "", |
| "volume": "", |
| "issue": "", |
| "pages": "", |
| "other_ids": {}, |
| "num": null, |
| "urls": [], |
| "raw_text": "A Framework for Comparing Language Experiences (with particular emphasis on: T~e Effect of Audience on Discourse Models)", |
| "links": null |
| }, |
| "BIBREF15": { |
| "ref_id": "b15", |
| "title": "The Problem of Naming Shapes: Vision-Language Interface", |
| "authors": [], |
| "year": null, |
| "venue": "", |
| "volume": "", |
| "issue": "", |
| "pages": "", |
| "other_ids": {}, |
| "num": null, |
| "urls": [], |
| "raw_text": "The Problem of Naming Shapes: Vision-Language Interface", |
| "links": null |
| }, |
| "BIBREF17": { |
| "ref_id": "b17", |
| "title": "An Argument on the Composition of Conceptual Structure Ray Jackendoff", |
| "authors": [], |
| "year": null, |
| "venue": "", |
| "volume": "", |
| "issue": "", |
| "pages": "", |
| "other_ids": {}, |
| "num": null, |
| "urls": [], |
| "raw_text": "An Argument on the Composition of Conceptual Structure Ray Jackendoff .........................................................................", |
| "links": null |
| }, |
| "BIBREF18": { |
| "ref_id": "b18", |
| "title": "On the Ontological Status of Visual Mental Images Stephen Michael Kosslyn", |
| "authors": [], |
| "year": null, |
| "venue": "", |
| "volume": "", |
| "issue": "", |
| "pages": "", |
| "other_ids": {}, |
| "num": null, |
| "urls": [], |
| "raw_text": "On the Ontological Status of Visual Mental Images Stephen Michael Kosslyn ................................................................", |
| "links": null |
| }, |
| "BIBREF19": { |
| "ref_id": "b19", |
| "title": "What Has Language to Do with Perception? Some Speculations on the Lingus Mentis", |
| "authors": [], |
| "year": null, |
| "venue": "", |
| "volume": "", |
| "issue": "", |
| "pages": "", |
| "other_ids": {}, |
| "num": null, |
| "urls": [], |
| "raw_text": "What Has Language to Do with Perception? Some Speculations on the Lingus Mentis", |
| "links": null |
| }, |
| "BIBREF21": { |
| "ref_id": "b21", |
| "title": "on Partial Match of Descriptions: Can One Simultaneously Question (Retrieve) and Inform", |
| "authors": [ |
| { |
| "first": ".", |
| "middle": [ |
| "." |
| ], |
| "last": "Wilks", |
| "suffix": "" |
| } |
| ], |
| "year": null, |
| "venue": "", |
| "volume": "", |
| "issue": "", |
| "pages": "", |
| "other_ids": {}, |
| "num": null, |
| "urls": [], |
| "raw_text": "Semantic Primitives in Language and Vision Yorick Wilks ........................................................................... 149 on Partial Match of Descriptions: Can One Simultaneously Question (Retrieve) and Inform (Update)?", |
| "links": null |
| }, |
| "BIBREF23": { |
| "ref_id": "b23", |
| "title": "With Spoon in Hand this Must Be the Eating Frame Eugene Charniak", |
| "authors": [], |
| "year": null, |
| "venue": "", |
| "volume": "", |
| "issue": "", |
| "pages": "", |
| "other_ids": {}, |
| "num": null, |
| "urls": [], |
| "raw_text": "With Spoon in Hand this Must Be the Eating Frame Eugene Charniak ........................................................................", |
| "links": null |
| }, |
| "BIBREF24": { |
| "ref_id": "b24", |
| "title": "Theory of Human Plausible Reasoning", |
| "authors": [], |
| "year": null, |
| "venue": "", |
| "volume": "", |
| "issue": "", |
| "pages": "", |
| "other_ids": {}, |
| "num": null, |
| "urls": [], |
| "raw_text": "Fragments of a Theory of Human Plausible Reasoning Allan Collins ..........................................................................", |
| "links": null |
| }, |
| "BIBREF26": { |
| "ref_id": "b26", |
| "title": "Semantic Networks Stuart C\u00b0", |
| "authors": [], |
| "year": null, |
| "venue": "", |
| "volume": "", |
| "issue": "", |
| "pages": "", |
| "other_ids": {}, |
| "num": null, |
| "urls": [], |
| "raw_text": "Path-Based and Node-Based Inference in Semantic Networks Stuart C\u00b0 Shapiro ......................................................................", |
| "links": null |
| }, |
| "BIBREF27": { |
| "ref_id": "b27", |
| "title": "The Representation of Derivable Information in Memory: When What Might Have Been Left Unsaid is Said", |
| "authors": [ |
| { |
| "first": "Rand", |
| "middle": [ |
| "J" |
| ], |
| "last": "Spiro", |
| "suffix": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Joseph", |
| "middle": [], |
| "last": "Esposito", |
| "suffix": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": "Richard", |
| "middle": [ |
| "J" |
| ], |
| "last": "Vondruska", |
| "suffix": "" |
| }, |
| { |
| "first": ".", |
| "middle": [ |
| "." |
| ], |
| "last": "", |
| "suffix": "" |
| } |
| ], |
| "year": null, |
| "venue": "", |
| "volume": "", |
| "issue": "", |
| "pages": "", |
| "other_ids": {}, |
| "num": null, |
| "urls": [], |
| "raw_text": "The Representation of Derivable Information in Memory: When What Might Have Been Left Unsaid is Said Rand J. Spiro, Joseph Esposito, and Richard J. Vondruska ............................... 184", |
| "links": null |
| }, |
| "BIBREF28": { |
| "ref_id": "b28", |
| "title": "Computational Models as a Vehicle for Theoretical Linguistics A Heuristic for Paradigms", |
| "authors": [], |
| "year": null, |
| "venue": "", |
| "volume": "", |
| "issue": "", |
| "pages": "", |
| "other_ids": {}, |
| "num": null, |
| "urls": [], |
| "raw_text": "Computational Models as a Vehicle for Theoretical Linguistics A Heuristic for Paradigms Joseph E. Grimes .......................................................................", |
| "links": null |
| }, |
| "BIBREF29": { |
| "ref_id": "b29", |
| "title": "A Computational Account of Some Constraints on Language Mitchell Marcus", |
| "authors": [], |
| "year": null, |
| "venue": "", |
| "volume": "", |
| "issue": "", |
| "pages": "", |
| "other_ids": {}, |
| "num": null, |
| "urls": [], |
| "raw_text": "A Computational Account of Some Constraints on Language Mitchell Marcus ........................................................................", |
| "links": null |
| }, |
| "BIBREF30": { |
| "ref_id": "b30", |
| "title": "Remarks on Processing", |
| "authors": [], |
| "year": null, |
| "venue": "", |
| "volume": "232", |
| "issue": "", |
| "pages": "", |
| "other_ids": {}, |
| "num": null, |
| "urls": [], |
| "raw_text": "Remarks on Processing, Constraints, and the Lexicon Thomas Wasow .......... \u2022 .................................. \u2022 ...... \u00b0... ................. o. 232 236 247", |
| "links": null |
| }, |
| "BIBREF31": { |
| "ref_id": "b31", |
| "title": "List of Questions Suggested for Consideration in Each Session", |
| "authors": [], |
| "year": null, |
| "venue": "", |
| "volume": "", |
| "issue": "", |
| "pages": "", |
| "other_ids": {}, |
| "num": null, |
| "urls": [], |
| "raw_text": "List of Questions Suggested for Consideration in Each Session ................................ 252", |
| "links": null |
| } |
| }, |
| "ref_entries": { |
| "TABREF0": { |
| "type_str": "table", |
| "content": "<table><tr><td/><td>CONTENTS</td></tr><tr><td>Session i</td><td>Lansuase Representation and Psychology</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Testing the Psychological Reality of a 14</td></tr><tr><td/><td>25</td></tr><tr><td/><td>33</td></tr><tr><td>Session 2</td><td>Lansuase Representation and Reference</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Description Formation and</td></tr></table>", |
| "html": null, |
| "text": "Representation Model Dedre Gentner ........................................................................... What Makes Something \"Ad Hoc\" Roger C. Schank ......................................................................... The Relation of Grammar to Cognition--a Synopsis Leonard Talmy ........................................................................... On Primitives Prototypes, and Other Semantic Anomalies Terry Winogard .......................................................................... Taxonomic Lattice Structures for Situation Recognition William A. Woods ........................................................................ Discourse Model Synthesis Bonnie Lynn Webber ...................................................................... The Processing of Referring Expressions within a Semantic Network John R. Anderson ........................................................................", |
| "num": null |
| } |
| } |
| } |
| } |
