Market for PAN-based carbon fiber tow, 24k

Market for materials that fulfill Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fiber in 24,000-filament (24k) tow form for wet filament winding. Primary structural reinforcement of the composite pressure vessel overwrap. Tensile modulus typically 230–240 GPa, tensile strength ≥ 3500 MPa. Gross input quantity is higher than the net 56.00 kg in the finished cylinder to account for approximately 6% combined material loss during wet winding (fiber cut ends, roving breaks). Fiber waste is incinerated or landfilled.

700 bar Type IV carbon-fiber composite hydrogen storage cylinder (100 L water volume, with valve)

Functional unit / boundary:
- The requested material is 1 each fully assembled, empty (no hydrogen filled) Type IV compressed-hydrogen storage cylinder rated to 700 bar service pressure, 100 L water volume.
- Boundary is cradle-to-gate for the cylinder + valve.

Mass and composition (empty product; hydrogen not included):
- Total mass (cylinder + valve + labels as assembled): 102.30 kg.

Tier 1 (final assembly) — exact input materials per 1 finished cylinder:
A) Composite overwrap (net on-cylinder mass = 78.40 kg)
- Carbon fiber tow, PAN-based, 24k, epoxy-sized: 58.20 kg handled into winding cell -> 56.00 kg retained on cylinder; 2.20 kg fiber offcut/start-stop scrap (disposed).
- Epoxy resin system total: 24.10 kg mixed/handled -> 22.40 kg cured on cylinder; 1.70 kg resin waste (mix pot residuals/flushes/off-ratio rejects, cured and disposed).
  - Epoxy base resin (DGEBA-type): 19.30 kg (subset of the 24.10 kg handled).
  - Amine hardener/curative (cycloaliphatic amine blend): 3.10 kg (subset of the 24.10 kg handled).

B) Polymer liner + bosses + joining (net on-cylinder mass = 22.80 kg)
- HDPE pellets (liner resin input): 13.95 kg -> 13.20 kg liner retained; 0.75 kg sprue/trim scrap reground and internally recycled.
- Aluminum end-boss forged preforms (6061 alloy input): 3.05 kg -> 2.60 kg bosses retained; 0.45 kg machining chips collected and recycled as clean aluminum scrap.
- Glass-fiber reinforced PA6 reinforcement rings/inserts: 0.40 kg retained.
- Structural adhesive for boss-to-liner joint (2-part methacrylate): 0.18 kg retained.
- FKM O-rings and seals: 0.06 kg retained.

C) Valve and small hardware (net on-cylinder mass = 1.10 kg)
- Cylinder valve assembly (metals): 0.95 kg retained.
- Burst disk / fuse plug assembly: 0.10 kg retained.
- Stainless fasteners/retainers: 0.05 kg retained.

D) Marking / surface protection (retained mass = 0.04 kg)
- Urethane protective coat: 0.30 kg sprayed -> 0.02 kg retained; 0.28 kg captured in filters as overspray waste.
- PET label set + adhesive: 0.02 kg retained.

Tier 1 utilities and consumables per 1 finished cylinder:
- Electricity: 62.0 kWh.
- Natural gas (process heat for cure ovens, allocated): 410 MJ (LHV).
- Nitrogen (inerting/blanketing/purges): 3.5 kg.
- Process water (hydrostatic proof test makeup): 0.25 m3.

Tier 1 manufacturing steps (materials transformed; where scrap occurs):
1) HDPE liner blow molding + trimming -> internal regrind of 0.75 kg trim.
2) Aluminum boss machining -> 0.45 kg Al chips recovered for recycling.
3) Boss-to-liner joining with adhesive + seals + PA6-GF rings -> 1.5% assemblies fail leak check (failed HDPE liner is shredded for polymer recycling; bosses recovered).
4) Filament winding (impregnated wet winding) -> 2.20 kg carbon fiber scrap; 1.70 kg cured resin waste.
5) Thermal cure (epoxy crosslinking) -> energy dominated by oven dwell.
6) CNC trimming/sanding/coating/marking -> 0.35 kg cured composite trim/dust captured and disposed; 0.28 kg coating overspray waste captured in filters.
7) Hydrostatic proof testing + NDT -> 0.8% cylinders fail final test (composite disposed; metals recovered).
8) Valve installation + final QC.

Tier 2 (upstream suppliers) — key input production details and amounts tied to this cylinder:
Tier 2-A: Carbon fiber tow (PAN-based) production (supplying 58.20 kg tow)
- PAN precursor requirement: 2.18 kg PAN precursor per 1.00 kg carbon fiber.
- PAN precursor needed to supply 58.20 kg carbon fiber tow: 126.88 kg PAN precursor.
- Tier 2-A unit operations: PAN polymerization -> wet spinning/coagulation -> washing/solvent recovery -> drawing -> stabilization/oxidation (air) -> carbonization (inert furnace) -> surface treatment + sizing -> winding.
- Tier 2-A utilities per 1.00 kg carbon fiber: 35.0 kWh electricity; 280 MJ thermal energy; 1.2 kg nitrogen.
- Tier 2-A wastes/byproducts per 1.00 kg carbon fiber: 0.03 kg solvent loss (captured/incinerated); carbonization offgas combusted with heat recovery.

Tier 2-B: Epoxy resin system (supplying 19.30 kg base resin + 3.10 kg hardener)
- Epoxy base resin (DGEBA-type) route: BPA + epichlorohydrin reaction -> caustic dehydrohalogenation -> washing -> vacuum stripping.
- Amine hardener route: hydrogenation/amination from petrochemical intermediates -> distillation -> blending to target cure profile.

Tier 2-C: HDPE resin (supplying 13.95 kg pellets)
- Route: ethylene feedstock -> polymerization (gas-phase or slurry) -> pelletization.
- Additives included in pellets: antioxidant package 0.2% by mass of HDPE pellets.

Tier 2-D: Aluminum alloy 6061 forged preforms (supplying 3.05 kg preforms)
- Route: primary aluminum -> casting into billet -> forging into preforms -> solution heat treat + aging to T6.

Tier 2-E: Valve and burst hardware (supplying 0.95 kg valve + 0.10 kg burst assembly + 0.05 kg fasteners)
- Route: metal machining (stainless/brass components) -> cleaning -> assembly -> leak testing -> serialized marking.

700 bar Type IV carbon-fiber composite hydrogen storage cylinder (100 L water volume, with valve)


Market for Graphite electrodes

Market for materials that fulfill Graphite electrodes for the electric arc furnace (EAF) used in AZS refractory melting at 2000-2200°C. Electrodes are progressively oxidized and sublimated during arc operation, generating direct CO2 process emissions. High-purity graphite electrode grade suitable for EAF operation at temperatures exceeding 2000°C. Electrode diameter and grade must be compatible with the EAF design. Quantity represents net consumption (electrodes are not recovered).

Cruciform ER1682RX

Alumina Zirconia Silica refractory product in X shape used as energy saving parts in glass furnaces regenerator

Metal, mineral, plastic & glass products


Market for Polyester polyol

Market for materials that fulfill Aromatic polyester polyol for TPU soft segment, molecular weight 500–8,000 g/mol, pre-dried to <0.05% moisture at 80°C before use. Must be compatible with MDI-based aromatic TPU polymerization targeting ~93 Shore A hardness for hydraulic sealing applications.

Zurcon® Z20V

Proprietary Thermoplastic Polyurethane material based on aromatic diisocyanate and polyester diol, developed for hydraulic application sealing elements. Offers high wear and extrusion resistance, low compression set, a wide operating temperature range, minimal swelling in mineral oil and acceptable hydrolysis resistance. Typical application is the production of static and dynamic sealing elements for hydraulic cylinders in construction machineries, agricultural machines, forklifts, truck cranes, hydraulic presses, injection moulding machines.


Market for Wholemeal wheat flour

Market for materials that fulfill Wholemeal (whole wheat) flour for croissant dough production. Must be food-grade wholemeal flour with bran and germ intact. Typical composition: 30-35% of total flour content in the dough. Used to provide fiber and nutritional value to the final product. Physical form: fine powder with characteristic brown color from bran particles.

Cornetto integrale Misura Fibrextra

Croissant made with wholemeal flour and a rich variety of fibers from many different sources: from cereals (avena, farro, frumento, segale, grano saraceno) but also from fruit, vegetables and legumes (mela, piselli, limone, cicoria, topinambur).


Market for Internal power supply module

Market for materials that fulfill Pre-assembled internal AC-DC power supply module rated at 12V DC output, specific to the Apple TV 4K 3rd gen power architecture. Must be fully assembled and tested by the supplier, arriving ready for mechanical integration and electrical connection to the PCBA.

Apple TV

The Apple TV 4k (3rd gen) is a small box that plugs into the main TV. Do not include the packaging or remote, only model the apple TV itself.


Market for Wheelset with tires

Market for materials that fulfill Complete wheelset pre-assembled and ready for installation, including: aluminum rims (likely 30-35mm internal width), sealed-bearing hubs with 15mm front thru-axle and 12x148mm Boost rear thru-axle, stainless steel spokes, and tubeless-ready mountain bike tires (29" or 27.5" depending on frame size, 2.3-2.6" width). Wheels should be true and tensioned. Total wheelset weight approximately 2.5-3.5 kg with tires.

Full-suspension mountain bike (aluminum frame)

Full-suspension mountain bike with aluminum frame and mid-range drivetrain.

Product attributes:
- Geography: Global

Full-suspension mountain bike (aluminum frame)


Market for Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB)

Market for materials that fulfill Whole oil palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB) sourced from oil palm plantations (own estates, contracted smallholders, or independent suppliers). Must be ripe Tenera variety bunches. FFB quality directly determines oil extraction rate (OER, 20–25% CPO by mass) and kernel extraction rate (KER, 5–7% by mass). Standard acceptance specifications apply for ripeness and bunch condition. Quantity is the economically allocated share of total FFB processed.

Crude Palm Oil (CPO)

1 kg of crude palm oil produced at a typical Southeast Asian mill. Major contributors are methane from palm oil mill effluent (POME), field N₂O from fertilizer, and upstream fertilizer manufacture; mills are generally energy self-sufficient using biomass residues, with small diesel use for field operations and boiler start-ups. Palm fruit sourced from RoW.


Market for Bio-based soft segment polyol

Market for materials that fulfill Bio-based polyol serving as the soft segment component in TPU polymerization. Must be derived from vegetable oils (e.g., soybean, castor), waste feedstocks (e.g., used cooking oil), or pulp industry residues. Acceptable types: polyester, polyether, polycarbonate, or hybrid polyols. Molecular weight typically 1000-2000 g/mol. Must meet purity specifications for reactive extrusion (low moisture content, appropriate hydroxyl number). Polyester polyols provide superior mechanical strength and oil resistance but are vulnerable to hydrolysis; polyether polyols offer excellent hydrolysis resistance and low-temperature flexibility; polycarbonate polyols provide superior durability and chemical resistance.

TPU

TPU achieves up to 67% bio-based content using vegetable oils and pioneering second-generation waste feedstocks including used cooking oil and pulp industry residues, combined with flexible polyol options (polyester, polyether, hybrid, or polycarbonate) and conventional MDI/BDO chemistry. Production utilizes reactive twin-screw extrusion where polymerization occurs directly within the extruder at 120-220°C across segmented barrel zones with 1-3 minute residence times, eliminating separate reactor steps through precise liquid metering and stoichiometric control. The molten polymer feeds directly into an underwater pelletizing system operating at 10°C, enabling continuous production with maximum formulation flexibility and industry-leading bio-content from circular economy waste streams.


Market for Sodium hydroxide solution 32%

Market for materials that fulfill Sodium hydroxide solution at 32% concentration (w/w) for neutralization of citric acid to form trisodium citrate at pH 6.5-7.5 and temperature 60-80°C. The NaOH solution must be food-grade or pharmaceutical-grade quality suitable for production of food-grade sodium citrate. This is the largest single input by mass (approximately 41% of total inputs).

Sodium Citrate typically appears as a white, crystalline powder or granular substance. It is odorless, has a saline, mildly tart flavor, and is highly soluble in water. It is used in cleaning products due to its ability to bind with metals, which makes it effective in detergents and water treatment. Additionally, it serves as an anticoagulant in blood products and as a stabilizer in dairy products and beverages.

Material composition: Corn: 36.86%; Sodium Hydroxide (32%): 41.03%; Calcium Carbonate: 11.22%; Sulfuric Acid: 10.9%

Product attributes:
- Geography: China
- Recycled content: 0.0%


Market for Worsted wool yarn

Market for materials that fulfill 100% worsted-spun wool yarn wound on cones, arriving pre-dyed or in natural undyed form. No dyeing at this facility. Must be compatible with V-bed flat-bed knitting machines (7-14 gauge). Approximately 1.1-1.2 kg consumed per 1.0 kg finished sweater to account for knitting process losses (panel start/end waste, defect-related reknitting). Upstream spinning and any dyeing burdens are carried by the yarn.

Crewneck wool sweater (100% wool, fully fashioned knit)

A mid-gauge, long-sleeve crewneck sweater knitted from 100% wool worsted yarn and manufactured using fully fashioned (knit-to-shape) panels that are linked at the seams. Typical features include a ribbed collar, cuffs, and hem. For this model, the finished garment mass is 1.0 kg; the sweater is assumed to be produced from pre-dyed or natural (undyed) wool yarn with no additional wet processing at the final assembly facility.

Crewneck wool sweater (100% wool, fully fashioned knit)


Market for Metal cans with food-grade lining

Market for materials that fulfill Steel or aluminum cans with food-grade interior lining (epoxy or polymer-based) to prevent interaction between acidic fruit and metal. Must provide hermetic seal capability and product protection. Can size varies by product specification (common sizes include #2.5 cans).

Clingstone peaches of the day, handpicked with care from the fertile regions of Northern and Central Greece, preserved in light syrup with no preservatives, pasteurized product

Material composition: peaches: 60.9%; water: 25.0%; sugar: 5.48%; glucose: 8.4%; citrus acid: 0.15%

Product attributes:
- Geography: Greece
- Recycled content: 75.0%


Market for Virgin polymer additives package

Market for materials that fulfill Integrated system of virgin chemical additives for stabilizing and enhancing recycled polyolefin compounds, including: antioxidants for thermal protection during processing and service life, processing aids to improve extrusion flow and reduce gel formation, compatibilizers (such as maleic anhydride-grafted polymers and reactive elastomers like SEBS-g-MA) to improve polyolefin-polyolefin compatibility and bitumen adhesion, acid scavengers to neutralize acidic degradation products, and desiccants for moisture absorption. Supplied as masterbatch pellets or powders suitable for gravimetric feeding.

Atactic Polyolefinic Compounds for Bitumen Modification

Material composition: recycled plastics: 50.5%; recycled oils: 35.9%; additives: 9.0%; plastic material: 4.6%

Product attributes:
- Geography: Belgium
- Recycled content: 86.4%


Market for Polyethylene resin blend (LLDPE/LDPE)

Market for materials that fulfill Blend of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) pellets for blown film extrusion. LLDPE should comprise 85-90% of the blend and LDPE 10-15%. LLDPE density: 0.914-0.925 g/cm³, melt flow index suitable for blown film extrusion. LDPE density: 0.920-0.926 g/cm³. The blend must be suitable for processing at 390-450°F (200-230°C) in single-screw extruders with L/D ratio 24:1 to 30:1. Virgin resin pellets only, no recycled content.

The natural and printed and flexible PE plastic film intended to be used for industrial and agricultural packaging protection applications.

Material composition: Polyethylene: 91.0%; Vinyl acetate: 5.5%; Printing inks: 2.5%; Additives: 1.5%

Product attributes:
- Geography: Europe
- Recycled content: 0.0%


Market for Apple juice concentrate (65-72° Brix)

Market for materials that fulfill Concentrated apple juice at 65-72° Brix for reconstitution. Must meet Codex Alimentarius standards for apple juice concentrate. Typical commercial grade at 65-70° Brix. Used as part of the fruit blend in the final beverage.

Fruit drink orange, apple, carrot and lemon juice, water, juices from orange concentrate, apple, carrot and lemon, flavors. Zero added sugar and gluten free.

Material composition: water: 94.4%; fruit concentrates: 4.9%; citric acid/ascorbic: 0.3%; flavors/vitamins: 0.3%; sweeteners: 0.1%

Product attributes:
- Geography: Europe

Fruit Drink Orange, Apple, Carrot and Lemon Juice


Market for Aluminum frame, 6061 alloy, black anodized

Market for materials that fulfill 6061 aluminum alloy frame with black anodized finish for structural support and mounting of solar modules. Must meet mechanical strength requirements for wind and snow loads, approximately 350g per residential module.

Solar module - US/Vietnam

A residential solar module purchased by a US installer with the following specifications: 54 mono wafers per module with 24 grams of poly-silicon per wafer mono cell, silicon content of 3.24 grams per watt, 350 grams Aluminum per module frame with 6061 alloy and black anodized finish, high transmittance tempered low iron glass that is 3.2mm thick and 1.95 square meters of glass per module. Polysilicon manufacturing: Michigan, US Module manufacturing (silicon wafer production, solar cell production, and module assembly):  Vietnam Aluminum frame: Vietnam Glass: Indonesia PCF must include the entire silicon PV module supply chain: metallurgical-grade silicon production, solar-grade silicon (polysilicon) production, silicon ingot production (including pulling, bricking/squaring, scrap recycling), wafer production, cell production, and module assembly (including frame). Include energy for manufacturing buildings and utilities, accounting for losses and breakages throughout production, and transportation between manufacturing steps, while using location-based electricity emission factors. The PCF excludes balance of system components (racks, cables, inverters)


Market for Thermal energy

Market for materials that fulfill Process heat and steam for MDF manufacturing operations including: steam for pre-steaming chips and defibration (170°C), hot air for flash drying (up to 260°C), and heat for hot pressing platens (170-200°C). Typically supplied by biomass boilers burning wood waste (82% in US facilities) and natural gas (18%). Accounts for approximately 76% of total energy consumption. May include steam recovery systems that capture 30-50% of steam from refining blow line for reuse.

Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF)

MDF panels for furniture manufacturing. Made from wood fibers bonded with MUF adhesive. Timber Products manufactuered in Oregon and California. Density ~768 kg/m3.

Product attributes:
- Geography: North America


Market for Whole grain rolled oats

Market for materials that fulfill Bulk whole grain rolled oats (also known as old-fashioned oats or flaked oats). Must be food-grade, whole grain certified. Primary dry ingredient by mass. Typical moisture content 10-12%. Delivered in bulk bags, totes, or bulk silos. Must be free of foreign material and meet food safety standards.

Nature Valley Crunchy Oats ’n Honey granola bars

A crisp, baked granola bar made primarily from whole grain rolled oats, sweetened with sugar and a touch of honey, and bound with canola (and/or sunflower) oil. Each pouch typically contains two thin crunchy bars. The classic Oats ’n Honey flavor lists whole grain oats, sugar, canola/sunflower oil, rice flour, honey, salt, brown sugar syrup, baking soda, soy lecithin, and natural flavor.

Nature Valley Crunchy Oats ’n Honey granola bars


Market for Preservation oil

Market for materials that fulfill Food-grade vegetable oil for preservation medium and flavor carrier. Options: (A) Extra virgin olive oil (traditional Sicilian style, preferred for premium products) with acidity ≤0.8% and meeting EU Reg 2568/91 or USDA standards, or (B) Refined sunflower oil (cost optimization option) meeting Codex Stan 210-1999. Oil serves as covering medium in the final jar (not fully absorbed by tomatoes). Must withstand pasteurization at 80°C without degradation.

Pomodori Secchi Sottolio Alla Siciliana

Sundried tomatoes in oil, Sicilian style, made with sun-dried tomatoes that are softened and rehydrated in water and flavored with garlic and oregano, extra virgin olive oil and a pinch of salt and sugar


Market for Tinplate steel cans

Market for materials that fulfill Three-piece tinplate steel cans (body, lid, base) with food-grade internal lacquer/enamel coating suitable for acidic tomato products. Standard commercial size for peeled tomatoes (approximately 400g net weight capacity). Tinplate thickness 0.18–0.23 mm. Cans must contain approximately 58% recycled steel content as specified in the product description. Sourced from can manufacturers compliant with EU food contact material regulations. Mass approximately 60–80g per can, corresponding to approximately 0.15–0.20 kg of tinplate per kg of canned product.

Cirio peeled plum tomatoes is obtained only from selected tomatoes, using only tomatoes come from certified integrated production, harvested and processed on the same day

Material composition: tomatoes: 93.7%; citric acid: 5.5%; water: 0.1%; salt: 0.04%

Product attributes:
- Geography: Italy
- Recycled content: 58.0%


Market for PC/ABS plastic enclosure parts

Market for materials that fulfill Pre-molded polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC/ABS) blend plastic enclosure components with minimum 75% post-consumer recycled (PCR) content. Must be suitable for compact power bank housing with provisions for foldable USB-C connector, appropriate dimensional tolerances for assembly, and adequate impact resistance and heat distortion temperature for consumer electronics application. Typical enclosure mass approximately 75g per 100g power bank unit.

Anker Nano Power Bank (22.5W, built‑in USB‑C, model A1653) — per 1 kg of product

Pocket-sized 5,000 mAh (~18 Wh) portable power bank with a foldable USB‑C connector and bi‑directional charging; advertised at 22.5 W profiles with a listed total output of 18 W max. Unit mass ~100 g; the exterior uses ~75% post‑consumer recycled (PCR) plastic. Typically includes a compact primary carton. Key subassemblies: one Li‑ion pouch cell, a small FR‑4 PCB with packaged ICs/passives, copper connectors, and a PC/ABS enclosure.

Anker Nano Power Bank (22.5W, built‑in USB‑C, model A1653) — per 1 kg of product


Market for Graphite electrodes

Market for materials that fulfill Consumable graphite electrodes for electric arc furnace operation. Electrodes must withstand arc temperatures of 3000-5000°C and are consumed through oxidation, erosion, and thermal stress during fusion of ceramic materials at 2000-2200°C. Standard industrial grade graphite electrodes suitable for electric arc furnace applications.

Alumina Zirconia AZ40

Alumina zirconia abrasive grains. They are produced by fusing zirconia and alumina in an electric arc furnace. After that, the fused material is quenched and crushed to each grit size. After crushing, the product is sieved and packaged. AZ40 can be also treated.


Market for Barium titanate powder with dopants

Market for materials that fulfill BaTiO₃ powder with controlled Ba/Ti ratio between 2.85-2.88, containing dopants including yttrium at 1.05 wt%, calcium at <0.01-1.5 wt%, and rare earth elements. The powder must have controlled particle size suitable for tape casting to form 3-10 μm thick dielectric layers. This is the primary dielectric material for X7R MLCC production.

Multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC), X7R dielectric

Barium titanate-based dielectric with internal electrodes and nickel barrier layers; some legacy variants use small fractions of palladium-silver in paste. Mass basis: per kg of finished MLCCs.

Multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC), X7R dielectric


Market for Fresh whole eggs

Market for materials that fulfill Fresh whole eggs providing minimum 4% egg yolks by weight per Italian panettone regulations. Eggs contribute to rich texture, golden color, and structural integrity of the final product. Should be food-grade quality suitable for industrial bakery use.

Il Panettone tradizionale Mini 90 g

A sourdough baked product, traditional Italian Panettone cake in a mini 90g format


Market for PONPGDA Monomer

Market for materials that fulfill Propoxylated neopentyl glycol diacrylate (PONPGDA), difunctional acrylate monomer contributing to crosslink density and cure speed in UV-curable ink. CAS 84170-74-1. May be petroleum-derived or bio-based (renewable). Supplied as a low-viscosity clear liquid. Purity ≥98%. Delivered in drums or IBC totes.

UV inks specially formulated to provide a wide colour gamut and consistent, repeatable results. They contain up to 50% of monomers and oligomers derived from renewable organic matter. They contain no VOCs and are free of heavy metals.

Material composition: Dipropylene glycol diacrylate: 35.0%; 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate: 35.0%; Trimethylbenzoyldiphenyl Phosphine Oxide: 8.5%; Aliphatic Urethane Acrylate: 12.5%; Propoxylated neopentyl glycol diacrylate: 9.0%; Phosphine oxide, phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethyl benzoyl): 3.0%; 2-Phenoxyethyl acrylate: 0.3%

Product attributes:
- Geography: United Kingdom
- Recycled content: 0.0%


Market for Refined cellulose feedstock

Market for materials that fulfill Refined cellulose in bale or sheet form, either cotton linters (short-staple cellulose fibers from cottonseed, ≥98% alpha-cellulose) or dissolving-grade wood pulp (kraft or sulfite, ≥90% alpha-cellulose). Must be suitable for cellulose ether production. Moisture content typically 5–10%. Procurement location: Shandong, China region.

A kind of non-ionic cellulose mixed ether made from cotton and wood. It is widely used in water-based latex coatings, construction and building materials, printing ink, oil drilling and other fields. In the field of building materials, it is used as a gelling agent and water retaining agent for cement, gypsum and lime, and is an excellent admixture for powder building materials.

Material composition: organic cotton: 82.35%; ethylene oxide: 9.41%; sodium hydroxide: 76.47%; methyl chloride: 52.94%

Product attributes:
- Geography: Shandong, China


Market for Primary alloying elements

Market for materials that fulfill Virgin alloying element additions (silicon, magnesium, copper, manganese in proportions appropriate for the CP13 alloy specification) purchased to adjust final melt composition. These carry full upstream production burdens.

The studied aluminium ingot is an intermediate product intended for the production of new objects. Aluminium scraps are melted with some alloying elements and ingots are produced through a casting process.

Material composition: Aluminium scrap (post-consumer): 44.0%; Aluminium scrap (pre-consumer): 39.6%; Alloying elements: 11.3%; Alloying elements (scrap): 5.1%

Product attributes:
- Geography: Italy
- Recycled content: 83.6%

Aluminium ingots, code 023517 (Alloy CP13)


Market for Oleic acid

Market for materials that fulfill High-purity oleic acid (≥99% purity, C18:1 free fatty acid) for esterification with glycerol to produce glyceryl monooleate intermediate. Food/pharma grade preferred for regulated applications. CAS 112-80-1.

Diacetyl Epoxy Plant Glyceride Oleate (HM-828)

A main plasticizer with excellent non-migration performance, which is synthesized by esterification, epoxidation, polymerization and other steps with vegetable oil as the main raw material. It is produced by acetylized and esterized soybean oil with safe, green, and non-toxic characteristics. Used in refrigerator seals, cling film, special cables, blood transfusion bags, medical equipment, charging piles, children's toys, etc.

Diacetyl Epoxy Plant Glyceride Oleate (HM-828)


Market for Graphite electrodes

Market for materials that fulfill High-purity graphite electrodes for the electric arc furnace, capable of sustained operation at temperatures exceeding 2000°C. Consumed during arc melting via tip sublimation and side oxidation. Electrode oxidation produces CO2 as a direct process emission. Required in the quantity specified by graphite_electrode_kg per kg of primary AZS block output.

ER 1681® DALLE TJ

Alumina Zirconia Silica refractory product used for glass furnace paving applications. The production of the final product uses 75% non-grid renewable electricity. The aluminum production also uses 75% non-grid renewables.


Market for Recycled monoethylene glycol (ASTM E1177 EG-1)

Market for materials that fulfill Pre-purified recycled monoethylene glycol meeting ASTM E1177 EG-1 grade (engine coolant grade quality, ≥99.8 wt% MEG, water content ≤0.05 wt%). Sourced from external glycol recyclers or PET depolymerization facilities. Delivered in bulk liquid form. Must be free of significant contaminants and meet purity specifications for heat transfer fluid formulation.

EarthCare Glycol E

EarthCare Glycol E is based on recycled glycol. Glycol E stands for its monoethylene glycol that offers a wide range of applications and provides long-lasting protection, reduced viscosity, increased heat capacity and thermal conductivity below the freezing point. The added inhibitor contains no substances classified as CMR, and the product is nitrite, amine, phosphate, borax and silicate free. The inhibitor provides excellent protection for aluminium, copper, alloys, iron and other metals. The additives used also inhibit foaming and the growth of microorganisms. Its composition is uncolored, as color additives are not environmentally friendly. This product is designed to be used for all building and process applications such as closed cooling and heat recovery systems, solar collectors, hot and cold loops and industrial process cooling.


Market for Real cheddar cheese

Market for materials that fulfill Real cheddar cheese in shredded fresh form or cheddar cheese powder form. Must deliver characteristic aged cheddar flavor and fat content. Shredded cheddar contains approximately 37% moisture; cheddar powder is nearly anhydrous. Either form is acceptable; formulation water is adjusted accordingly. Must meet food-grade dairy specifications.

Pepperidge Farm Goldfish Cheddar crackers

Baked, fish-shaped snack crackers made primarily from soft-wheat enriched flour, real cheddar cheese, and vegetable oil (canola and/or sunflower and/or soybean), seasoned with salt and spices. Typical nutrition per 100 g is about 467 kcal with ~67% carbohydrates, ~17% fat, ~10% protein and ~4% moisture; sodium is ~0.83 g per 100 g, yielding a crisp, low-moisture cracker with classic cheddar flavor.

Pepperidge Farm Goldfish Cheddar crackers


Market for Monomers (reactive diluents)

Market for materials that fulfill Reactive acrylate monomers for UV-curable ink formulation, including Tetrahydrofurfuryl Acrylate, Isobornyl Acrylate, and similar acrylate monomers. These are liquid chemicals with viscosity-controlling and cure-speed properties. Must be suitable for UV polymerization (315-405 nm wavelength) and compatible with inkjet piezo printheads. Typical formulation range 30-60% by weight. Purity requirements for inkjet applications (low contaminants to prevent printhead clogging).

Range of UV inks specially formulated to provide a wide colour gamut and consistent, repeatable results. Contains various colors: Cyan, Yellow, Magenta, Black, LT Yellow, LT Cyan, LT Mageta, LT Black and White.

Material composition: Tetrahydrofurfuryl Acrylate: 20.0%; Vinyl caporlactam: 20.0%; Isobornyl Acrylate: 7.5%; Metanona, (difenilfosfinil)(2,4,6-trimetilfenil): 7.5%; Caprolactam: 0.55%; Propoxylated neopentyl glycol: 0.55%; Pigment Blue: 0.55%; 2-Hidroximetiltetrahidrofurano: 0.55%

Product attributes:
- Geography: United Kingdom
- Recycled content: 0.0%


Market for Virgin atactic polypropylene pellets

Market for materials that fulfill Atactic polypropylene (aPP) in pellet form, 2-4mm diameter. Atactic PP is an amorphous polymer with irregular, random chain structure resulting in low crystallinity and rubbery properties. Suitable for bitumen modification applications. Must be suitable for twin-screw extrusion compounding at temperatures of 180-220°C.

a homopolymer polyolefinic blend for the modification of bitumen in roofing felt production

Material composition: plastic material (e.g., Atactic Polypropylene aPP): 59.0%; recycled plastics: 35.0%; additives (e.g. Calcium Carbonate): 6.0%; oils (100% recycled): 0.0%

Product attributes:
- Geography: Italy
- Recycled content: 35.0%

PTC300 | Polypropylene for bituminous membranes


Market for Hydroponic nutrient solution concentrates

Market for materials that fulfill Multi-component fertilizer concentrates supplying all macro- and micronutrients for hydroponic tomato production (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, trace elements). Delivered as two-part concentrate A and B tanks. Quantity represents net consumption after 90-95% drainage recirculation — reflecting plant uptake and minor discharge losses only, not gross solution volume.

Cluster tomato

Hydroponic cluster tomato that is vine-ripened and harvested in clusters, keeping its freshness, nutritional value and juices for a prolonged time. Grown in state-of-the-art geothermal greenhouses.


Market for EPDM rubber

Market for materials that fulfill Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber supplied as pelletized or baled/raw form. Used as the elastomeric phase in TPV compounding. Must be suitable for dynamic vulcanization in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. May require pre-drying if moisture content is elevated.

Santoprene™ TPV (representative mid‑durometer PP/EPDM grade)

Santoprene is a brand name for thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV), a premium type of thermoplastic elastomer developed by ExxonMobil Chemical Company.

Santoprene™ TPV (representative mid‑durometer PP/EPDM grade)


Market for Tackifying resins (C5/C9 hydrocarbon resins or rosin esters)

Market for materials that fulfill Tackifying resins to provide initial tack and adhesion properties. Acceptable types include C5 aliphatic hydrocarbon resins, C9 aromatic hydrocarbon resins, C5/C9 copolymer resins, or rosin esters (glycerol ester of rosin, pentaerythritol ester of rosin). Must be compatible with synthetic rubber and solvent system. Typical specifications: softening point 80-120°C, acid number <10 mg KOH/g. Can be supplied as solid pellets or flakes for continuous metering.

BITUBOND N

Single component solvent based synthetic rubber adhesive used for bonding bitumen fiber boards, bitumen felt, plastic, laminates, veneer boards, rubber and plastic edging strips, rubber, leather, linoleum, felt, cork, foam to wood, chipboard, concrete, stone, metals and bitumen surfaces.


Market for Casting brass alloy ingots

Market for materials that fulfill Brass alloy ingots for gravity casting of the valve body, spout, and handle. Standard alloy is ZCuZn40Pb2 (58-63% Cu, 37-42% Zn, ~2% Pb). Lead-free alternatives (silicon brass CuZn21Si3P or bismuth brass) are acceptable substitutes for regulatory compliance. Must be suitable for gravity casting at ~1000°C in induction furnaces. Quantity represents net consumption: brass incorporated in finished castings plus irrecoverable dross/oxidation losses (~1-3% of gross melt). All casting scrap (gates, runners, risers) and machining chips are remelted internally and are NOT included in this quantity.

Damixa Kitchen Mixers are one-hand single lever mixers for installation in kitchen sinks. The mixers are mechanically operated to mix hot and cold water as well as regulate the water flow. Damixa kitchen mixers include built-in features such as Eco-save for limitation of water flow, Rub-clean for easy cleaning of the aerator, cold-start, and anti-scalding functions.


Market for Primary alloying elements

Market for materials that fulfill Virgin primary alloying additions to achieve target PS18 aluminum alloy composition. Typical elements include silicon (Si), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and others as required by the alloy specification. Supplied as master alloys, pure metal ingots, or hardeners. Full upstream production burden applies.

The studied aluminium ingot is an intermediate product intended for the production of new objects. Aluminium scraps are melted with some alloying elements and ingots are produced through a casting process.

Material composition: Aluminium scrap (post-consumer): 21.1%; Aluminium scrap (pre-consumer): 64.9%; Alloying elements: 13.4%; Alloying elements (scrap): 0.6%

Product attributes:
- Geography: Italy
- Recycled content: 86.6%

Aluminium ingots, code 023518 (Alloy PS18)


Market for Ti-6Al-4V billet

Market for materials that fulfill Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) billet or bar stock conforming to ASTM F620 (forging grade) or ASTM F136 (wrought grade) specifications. Composition approximately 90% titanium, 6% aluminum, 4% vanadium with density 4.43 g/cm³. Material must be certified for medical implant use with full traceability documentation and material certificates. Billet should be in appropriate size for hot forging operations.

Hip implant stem – Ti‑6Al‑4V, forged + precision machined (cradle‑to‑gate, per 1 kg output)

An orthopedic femoral hip implant stem manufactured from Ti‑6Al‑4V (Grade 5) wrought billet. The stem is produced via billet reheat and closed‑die forging to a near‑net preform, post‑forge heat treatment (e.g., beta/solution anneal), and precision machining to final geometry and surface finish. Nominal alloy composition is ~90% titanium, 6% aluminum, and 4% vanadium, with density ~4.43 g/cm³ and excellent biocompatibility and corrosion resistance.

Hip implant stem – Ti‑6Al‑4V, forged + precision machined (cradle‑to‑gate, per 1 kg output)


Market for Grape juice concentrate

Market for materials that fulfill Concentrated grape juice at 60–68°Brix, supplied as frozen or liquid concentrate. Provides natural sweetness in lieu of added sugars. Must meet food-grade specifications for sugar content, Brix, and microbiological quality.

Soft Drink Blood Orange

water, juices from red orange and grape concentrate, flavors, currant and carrot extract. Zero added sugars and gluten free.


Market for Whole oat groats (cleaned and dehulled)

Market for materials that fulfill Cleaned and dehulled whole oat groats with 12-13% moisture content. The groats must be food-grade quality, free from contaminants, and suitable for instant oatmeal production. These represent the primary raw material after upstream cleaning and dehulling operations have removed the hulls (which comprise 28-32% of the original oat kernel).

Quaker Instant Oatmeal – Apples & Cinnamon (dry mix)

A sweetened instant oatmeal made primarily from whole grain rolled oats blended with white sugar, unsweetened dried apple pieces, cinnamon, a pinch of salt, and natural flavor. Sold as single‑serve pouches (typically ~43 g) designed to be prepared rapidly with hot water or milk. Each serving delivers about 29 g of whole grains with apple‑and‑cinnamon flavor and a light sweetness.

Quaker Instant Oatmeal – Apples & Cinnamon (dry mix)


Market for Italian Durum Wheat Semolina

Market for materials that fulfill Fine granular semolina milled from 100% Italian durum wheat, approximately 10–14% moisture content. Primary raw material constituting the bulk of the pasta mass. Must meet food-grade standards for pasta production. Net consumption accounts for internal reprocessing of pasta scraps back into dough.

Pasta di semola Agnesi

Semolina pasta made with 100% Italian durum wheat, produced in various long and short formats, packed in compostable packaging


Market for Remelted aluminum ingots

Market for materials that fulfill Remelted aluminum ingots produced from secondary processing of scrap or dross recovery. These are pre-processed recycled aluminum in ingot form, ready for use in melting furnaces without additional processing. Should meet similar purity and cleanliness standards as primary ingots, with aluminum content suitable for producing 1050-3103 alloy billets. Delivered as solid ingots that can be charged directly into melting furnaces alongside primary aluminum.

The aluminium billets are intermediate products intended for the production of new objects. Aluminium scraps are melted with alloying elements to produce billets through a casting process.

Material composition: Primary aluminium: 94.9%; Aluminium scrap (pre-consumer): 4.1%; Remelted ingots: 0.5%; Alligans: 0.5%

Product attributes:
- Geography: Italy
- Recycled content: 4.1%


Market for Fatty acid thickener precursor

Market for materials that fulfill Hydroxylated fatty acid material for lithium soap formation via saponification. Acceptable options: (1) 12-hydroxystearic acid (12-HSA) as refined single fatty acid, or (2) hydrogenated castor oil (HCO) containing ~90% 12-HSA equivalent. Physical form: waxy solid or semi-solid at room temperature. Purity: >95% for 12-HSA, food/technical grade for HCO. Must be suitable for saponification with lithium hydroxide to form lithium 12-hydroxystearate soap thickener.

Suitable for the continuous grease supply lubrication of mill auxiliary equipment and caster auxiliary equipment in the steel industry which works on the temperatures -20°C to 120°C

Material composition: Base oil: 87.86%; Fatty acid: 6.8%; Lithium hydroxide: 3.3%; Additive (phosphoric acid): 0.97%; Lime (calcium hydroxide): 0.78%; Water: 0.29%

Product attributes:
- Geography: China


Market for Woven nylon shell fabric with DWR finish, 20-30 denier

Market for materials that fulfill Pre-finished woven nylon fabric with durable water repellent (DWR) coating applied at the fabric mill. Lightweight fabric with 20-30 denier specification suitable for outdoor apparel outer shell applications. The DWR treatment must be applied during fabric production to ensure even distribution and durability. Material should arrive ready for cutting and assembly without requiring additional finishing treatments.

Arc’teryx-style faux-down (synthetic) puffer jacket — 1 kg functional unit

A technical insulated jacket similar in design to Arc’teryx synthetics: lightweight woven nylon shell and liner (≈20–30D) with DWR finish, polyester staple-fiber insulation (Coreloft-like) quilted in baffles, full-length coil zipper, elasticized cuffs/hem and standard labels. The modelled garment weighs 1.00 kg finished at factory gate.

Arc’teryx-style faux-down (synthetic) puffer jacket — 1 kg functional unit


Market for Aluminum foil for carton packaging

Market for materials that fulfill Aluminum foil suitable for aseptic carton packaging material as oxygen and light barrier layer. Must be suitable for lamination in multi-layer structure. Represents the aluminum component (typically 5% of packaging material mass) from pre-manufactured carton material supplied in rolls for form-fill-seal operations.

Soft Drink Multifruit: water, juices from apple and orange concentrate, peach and banana purees, maracuja drink from concentrate, flavors. Zero added sugar and gluten free.

Material composition: water: 87.4%; peach: 9.0%; fruit concentrates: 6.0%; citric acid/ascorbic: 0.3%; flavors/vitamins: 0.1%

Product attributes:
- Geography: Spain


Market for Geothermal heat

Market for materials that fulfill Thermal energy from on-site geothermal wells (hot water or steam at 95–120°C) distributed through heating pipes throughout the greenhouse structure to maintain target growing temperatures (75–82°F daytime, 65–70°F nighttime). Replaces natural gas heating in conventional greenhouses. Includes heat for the main growing area, propagation area, and post-harvest handling area. Quantity in MJ of thermal energy delivered.

Cucumber

Fresh hydroponic cucumber grown in geothermal greenhouses


Market for Isophthalic acid (IPA)

Market for materials that fulfill Isophthalic acid (IPA), CAS 121-91-5, solid aromatic diacid, polymer-grade purity (>99.5%). Used as co-acid monomer at approximately 30 mol% of total diacid content in PCTA copolyester. Supply in bulk or super-sack form.

PCTA (Polycyclohexylene Dimethylene Terephthalate) is a copolyester known for its exceptional clarity, toughness, and chemical resistance.


Market for PFSA membrane (Nafion or equivalent)

Market for materials that fulfill Perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymer membrane, typically Nafion brand or equivalent. Thickness: 17-50 micrometers (commonly 25 μm for backup power applications). PTFE-reinforced for mechanical strength. Must be suitable for proton-exchange membrane fuel cell applications with high proton conductivity and chemical stability. Can be supplied as bare membrane for catalyst coating or as catalyst-coated membrane (CCM) precursor.

Proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack, 1 kW-class

Assembled PEM fuel cell stack with graphite bipolar plates, perfluorosulfonic acid membrane, and platinum on carbon catalyst layer. Includes gas diffusion layers and end plates. Target mass basis: per kg of finished stack.

Proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack, 1 kW-class


Market for Stainless steel mechanical stage assembly

Market for materials that fulfill Pre-assembled XY translation stage with precision linear guides and micrometer drive mechanisms, made of stainless steel. Must provide smooth, repeatable sub-micron positional control of sample in X and Y axes. Sourced as a complete sub-assembly.

Inverted fluorescence microscope

A laboratory-grade optical instrument designed for imaging fluorescently labeled samples from below. Typical features include a rigid aluminum frame with precision stainless-steel stage mechanics, a multi-element optical train (objectives, tube/relay lenses, prisms, dichroics, emission/excitation filters), high-intensity LED or laser illumination, one or more PCB assemblies for motor drives and camera/illumination control, polymer outer covers, and copper wiring harnesses. Components are assembled and aligned in a controlled/clean area prior to shipment.


Market for Wiring harnesses and connectors

Market for materials that fulfill Pre-fabricated wiring harnesses, copper busbars, and electrical connectors for internal cell interconnections, BMS signal wiring, inverter power wiring, and external connection ports. Specific to Powerwall 3 electrical design. Quantity is net mass in finished unit.

A Tesla Powerwall 3 with battery capacity 13.5kWh, total weight of installed unit 132 kg, including 124 kg powerwall 3 and 6.5 kg of glass front cover and 1.9 kg of wall bracket. Dimensions 1105x609x193 mm. Purchased by Sunrun in California


Market for Graphite electrodes for electric arc furnace

Market for materials that fulfill Consumable graphite electrodes suitable for electric arc furnace operation at temperatures exceeding 2300°C for melting alumina-based refractory materials. Electrodes must withstand oxidation and thermal stress during arc melting operations. These are consumed through oxidation and evaporation during furnace operation.

Alumina fused refractory product in X shape used as energy saving parts in glass furnaces regenerator

Material composition: Aluminium oxide (Al2O3): 87.5%; Magnesium oxide (MgO): 7.5%; Sodium oxide (Na2O): 4.5%; Silica (SiO2): 0.5%

Product attributes:
- Geography: France
- Recycled content: 0.0%


Market for Magnesium alloying addition

Market for materials that fulfill Magnesium alloying addition to achieve 5000-series alloy composition (typically 4.0-4.9% Mg target for 5083-type alloys). Typically supplied as aluminum-magnesium master alloy (Al-Mg) rather than pure magnesium due to high vapor pressure and solubility challenges of pure Mg. Physical form: ingots or granules of Al-Mg master alloy with specified magnesium content (e.g., 50% Mg in Al-Mg50 master alloy). Must be clean and dry to avoid hydrogen pickup.

The aluminium plates and billets are intermediate products intended for the production of new objects. Aluminium scraps are melted with alloying elements to produce plates and billets through a casting process.

Material composition: Aluminium scrap (pre-consumer): 65.1%; Aluminium scrap (post-consumer): 15.7%; Remelted ingots: 4.8%; Alloying elements: 2.8%; Primary aluminium: 11.5%

Product attributes:
- Geography: Italy
- Recycled content: 80.8%

Aluminium homogenised plates and billets in 5000 green 80 plus alloy


Market for Galvanized steel drums

Market for materials that fulfill Galvanized steel drums for packaging the liquid colloidal silica dispersion in larger volumes. Represents 3.6% of the total material composition (product + packaging).

An aqueous dispersion of amorphous silicon dioxide nanoparticles. The alkaline dispersions contain customisable small-sized colloidal silica particles at 30% SiO2 concentration in water. The particles have a negatively charged surface (anionic) which is stabilized by sodium hydroxide.

Material composition: colloidal silica: 30.0%; water: 69.8%; biocide: 0.222%; polyethylene HD plastic: 1.4%; galvanised steel: 3.6%

Product attributes:
- Geography: New Zealand
- Recycled content: 0.0%


Market for Nitric acid (HNO3)

Market for materials that fulfill Concentrated nitric acid (HNO3, CAS 7697-37-2), typically 98–100% purity, used as the nitrating agent in the mixed-acid nitration of toluene to dinitrotoluene (DNT). Consumed stoichiometrically (2 mol per mol toluene); not recycled. Quantity reflects actual consumption including yield losses and mass-based HCl co-product allocation.

TDI

TDI is a chemical, Toluene Diisocyanate, used to create polyurethane, which is a type of plastic


Market for QLED display panel (75-inch, Q60C)

Market for materials that fulfill Proprietary 75-inch QLED display panel with integrated quantum dot enhancement film manufactured by Samsung Display. Complete panel assembly including LCD layer, Samsung's cadmium-free quantum dot film (certified to Real QLED standards by TÜV Rheinland/SGS), color filter, and attached panel control PCB. Model Q60C specific design, non-interchangeable with other models. Must meet Samsung's specifications for color gamut, brightness, uniformity, and quantum dot performance.


Market for Tomato juice or light tomato puree (packing medium)

Market for materials that fulfill Food-grade tomato juice or light tomato puree used as the liquid packing medium filled alongside the chopped tomatoes during hot-fill. Sourced separately from the chopped tomato fraction. Must be commercially sterile-compatible and pH-appropriate (<4.6). Constitutes approximately 15–30% of the finished food content weight.

Finely chopped tomatoes with basil

Finely chopped tomatoes with added basil, obtained from selected tomatoes from certified integrated production, harvested and processed on the same day


Market for Pork fatback for tonkotsu broth

Market for materials that fulfill Raw pork fatback added to the tonkotsu broth during simmering to enrich fat content and contribute to the creamy emulsified texture. Purchased fresh or frozen by weight.

Spicy Miso Tonkotsu Ramen

Spicy Miso Tonkotsu Ramen (1 serving, ~1.2kg assembled). All ingredients purchased whole by the ramen maker; no pre-made components. Bill of Materials follows.

TIER 1 — Final Assembly (12 components):
  [1] Miso Tare (compound, see Tier 2A)
  [2] Tonkotsu Broth (compound, see Tier 2B)
  [3] Chashu Pork Belly (compound, see Tier 2C)
  [4] Ajitama Marinated Egg (compound, see Tier 2D)
  [5] Fresh Ramen Noodles (compound, see Tier 2E)
  [6] Fresh corn kernels — 75g
  [7] Roasted nori sheets — 2 half-sheets (~5g)
  [8] Sliced scallions (garnish) — 30g
  [9] Toasted white sesame seeds — 5g
  [10] Chili oil — 10mL
  [11] Bean sprouts — 50g
  [12] Unsalted butter — 15g

TIER 2 — Sub-assemblies:

  2A. Miso Tare (yields ~160g):
    2A.1 White miso paste — 80g
    2A.2 Sake — 30mL
    2A.3 Mirin — 30mL
    2A.4 Toasted sesame oil — 10mL
    2A.5 Garlic cloves, minced — 3 cloves (~9g)
    Process: Combine sake and mirin in saucepan, bring to boil to burn off alcohol (2 min). Remove from heat, whisk in miso paste until smooth. Stir in sesame oil and minced garlic.

  2B. Tonkotsu Broth (yields ~1.5L, use 400mL per serving):
    2B.1 Pork femur bones, split — 1.5kg
    2B.2 Pork fatback — 200g
    2B.3 Whole scallions — 4 stalks (~60g)
    2B.4 Fresh ginger, sliced — 30g
    2B.5 Water — 3L
    Process: Blanch bones 10 min, scrub clean. Return to pot with fatback, scallions, ginger, and water. Bring to rolling boil, then maintain aggressive simmer for 12 hours, adding water as needed to maintain level. Strain through fine mesh. Broth should be opaque white and emulsified.

  2C. Chashu Pork Belly (yields ~400g cooked, use 100g per serving):
    2C.1 Skin-on pork belly — 500g
    2C.2 Soy sauce — 120mL
    2C.3 Sake — 120mL
    2C.4 Mirin — 60mL
    2C.5 Granulated sugar — 30g
    2C.6 Fresh ginger, sliced — 20g
    Process: Roll and tie pork belly. Sear all sides in hot pan. Combine soy sauce, sake, mirin, sugar, and ginger in braising vessel. Add seared pork, cover, braise at 130°C for 3 hours. Cool in braising liquid. Slice 5mm thick before serving.

  2D. Ajitama Marinated Egg (yields 2 eggs, use 1 per serving):
    2D.1 Large eggs — 2
    2D.2 Soy sauce — 60mL
    2D.3 Mirin — 60mL
    2D.4 Water — 60mL
    2D.5 Rice vinegar — 15mL
    Process: Boil eggs for exactly 6 min 30 sec from rolling boil. Ice bath immediately. Peel. Combine soy sauce, mirin, water, and rice vinegar. Submerge eggs in marinade, refrigerate 8-12 hours. Halve lengthwise before serving.

  2E. Fresh Ramen Noodles (yields ~450g, use 150g per serving):
    2E.1 Bread flour (12%+ protein) — 300g
    2E.2 Vital wheat gluten — 10g
    2E.3 Kansui (alkaline salt) — 6g
    2E.4 Water — 130mL
    2E.5 Fine sea salt — 3g
    Process: Dissolve kansui and salt in water. Combine flour and vital wheat gluten. Incorporate liquid into dry ingredients gradually. Knead 15 min until smooth. Rest wrapped in plastic 1 hour at room temperature. Roll to 1.5mm thickness, cut to 1.5mm width. Dust with potato starch to prevent sticking.


Market for Certified low-P low-Mn steel scrap

Market for materials that fulfill Certified steel scrap with low phosphorus (<0.05%) and low manganese (<0.5%) content, free of protective coatings (no galvanizing, paint, or plating) and low in tramp elements (Cu, Cr, Ni). Physical form: clean solid scrap pieces. Must be suitable for ductile iron melting to avoid nodularity degradation.

Wind-turbine hub – ductile iron, sand-cast and machined

A large structural rotor hub casting for utility-scale wind turbines, made from ductile (spheroidal graphite) cast iron (e.g., EN‑GJS‑400‑18 family). Manufactured via no‑bake sand molding, coreless induction melting, sand casting with risers and gating, shakeout and shot‑blast cleaning, then CNC finish machining of bearing seats, bolting patterns, and sealing faces. Typical density ≈7.1 g/cm³; chosen for toughness and fatigue resistance in low-temperature service. 50% scrap, 50% pig iron for the base.

Wind-turbine hub – ductile iron, sand-cast and machined


Market for Cage-free liquid whole eggs

Market for materials that fulfill Liquid cage-free whole eggs, pasteurized, suitable for commercial food manufacturing. Serves as the primary structural and protein ingredient (~50% of batter by weight). May be supplied as fresh shell eggs cracked on-site or as pre-pasteurized liquid egg product in bulk containers.

8-count 595g

Refrigerated sous-vide gouda and bacon egg bites, 595g (5 x 2-count trays). Liquid whole eggs are the primary structural and protein ingredient (~50% of batter by weight).


Market for Aluminum housing - seamless cylindrical, impact extruded, anodized

Market for materials that fulfill Pre-manufactured seamless cylindrical aluminum housing, impact extruded from aluminum alloy (6000-series preferred), with anodized finish. Dimensions to fit Bose SoundLink Revolve form factor (cylindrical, approximately 82mm diameter x 152mm height). Surface must be anodized for corrosion resistance and aesthetic finish. Housing must have mounting features for internal components and acoustic properties suitable for 360-degree sound delivery. No further machining or forming required at assembly facility.

Bose SoundLink Revolve Bluetooth speaker

A compact, cylindrical Bluetooth speaker (~0.66 kg) with a seamless aluminum body, silicone top/bottom caps, and 360° sound from internal drivers. It integrates a 7.2 V ~2200 mAh (≈15.8 Wh) lithium‑ion battery, NdFeB magnet speaker motors, copper voice coils/wiring, and a small FR‑4 PCB with surface‑mounted electronics. IPX4 water resistance and rubberized details provide durability; charging is via USB with typical Bose audio features.

Bose SoundLink Revolve Bluetooth speaker


Market for Three-piece metal cans with lids

Market for materials that fulfill Tinplate three-piece cans with 400g capacity (3 cans required per cluster pack). Includes can body, lid, and components for hermetic double-seam closure. Must meet food safety standards for low-acid canned foods (LACF) and be suitable for retort sterilization at 121°C/250°F under pressure.

Valfrutta Cannellini beans are beans with a tender and delicate flavor because they are processed with extreme care. Without preservatives, boiled naturally, they are a light and genuine product, rich in fiber and proteins, ideal for a healthy and balanced diet.

Material composition: Cannellini Beans: 21.8%; Water: 76.6%; Salt: 1.5%; Ascorbic Acid: 0.02%

Product attributes:
- Geography: Europe
- Recycled content: 58.0%

White Kidney Beans "Cannellini" Cluster 3x400g


Market for Plastic bottles with recycled content

Market for materials that fulfill Plastic bottles (HDPE or PET) containing 45% post-consumer recycled content for packaging concentrated cleaning products. For the 45% recycled fraction, apply cutoff allocation where recycled plastic carries no upstream production burdens from its previous life cycle - only collection, sorting, cleaning, and reprocessing burdens are attributed. The 55% virgin content carries full upstream production burdens.

A concentrated cleaner with neutral pH suitable for use on all washable surfaces, even the most delicate. It is effective for ordinary and extraordinary maintenance operations depending on the degree of dilution. Used regularly it keeps colours vivid and retains the appearance of the surfaces on which it is used.

Material composition: organic substances: 10.0%; inorganic substances: 6.0%; water: 90.0%; distribution packaging: 5.0%; consumer packaging: 10.0%; cardboard: 2.0%

Product attributes:
- Geography: Global
- Recycled content: 45.0%


Market for USB-A cable assembly

Market for materials that fulfill Pre-terminated wired cable assembly, 1.8m length, with USB-A connector, strain relief, and internal conductors (copper with PVC or TPE jacket). Approximately 20g per unit. Supplied as a finished assembly ready for PCB connection.

Logitech B100 Optical Computer Mouse (wired, USB‑A)

A simple, ambidextrous corded optical mouse for PCs and laptops. Device mass ~90 g (excl. packaging) with a 1.8 m USB‑A cable and ~1000 DPI optical sensor. Typical materials include an injection‑molded ABS housing, an FR‑4 printed circuit board with copper traces, a small set of electronic components (microcontroller, optical sensor, SMD passives), a POM (acetal) scroll wheel, steel screws/springs, and a corrugated cardboard retail box. Including packaging, the total weighs 120g

Logitech B100 Optical Computer Mouse (wired, USB‑A)


Market for Groupset components

Market for materials that fulfill Complete high-end road bike drivetrain and braking system from either Shimano (Dura-Ace/Ultegra) or SRAM (Red/Force). Must include shifters, front and rear derailleurs, hydraulic disc brake calipers, crankset, cassette, and chain. Total mass approximately 1.7-2.3 kg.

High-end carbon road bike (disc brake)

High-end carbon fiber road racing bike with disc brakes.

Product attributes:
- Geography: Global


Market for Kiln-dried FSC-certified British ash lumber

Market for materials that fulfill Boards and slabs of British-grown ash (Fraxinus excelsior), kiln-dried to 6–8% moisture content, FSC-certified. Must be suitable structural grade for solid wood furniture. This is the gross quantity including machining waste (offcuts, sawdust, shavings); yield from gross lumber to finished wood components is approximately 40–60%.

AYA High Table

Benchmark solid FSC British grown ash high table with stainless steel components. 91% wood, 8% stainless steel. Made in UK.

Product attributes:
- Geography: United Kingdom


Market for Virgin atactic polypropylene (APP) resin

Market for materials that fulfill Virgin atactic polypropylene in pellet or granule form, either homopolymer, copolymer, or terpolymer grade. Must be amorphous/rubbery with no crystallinity, suitable for bitumen modification applications. Typical properties: melt viscosity 3,000-20,000 mPa·s at 190°C. Sourced from polypropylene producers as by-product of isotactic PP production or from on-purpose APAO production.

Atactic Polyolefinic Compounds for Bitumen Modification

Material composition: plastic material: 63.5%; recycled plastics: 36.2%; additives: 0.3%; recycled oils: 0.0%

Product attributes:
- Geography: Belgium
- Recycled content: 36.2%


Market for Cocoa cream/chocolate frosting

Market for materials that fulfill Cocoa-based frosting or chocolate cream containing cocoa powder, sugar, vegetable oils, and emulsifiers. Must have appropriate viscosity and flow characteristics for automated deposition at 25-35°C. Applied at 10% of finished product weight (may vary up to 22.3% in some formulations).

Buondì Cacao

sourdough baked product with frosting (10%), consisting of a dough leavened 22 hours and enriched by the frosting and granella


Market for Condensed tannin extract (70% active content)

Market for materials that fulfill Condensed tannin extract powder or concentrated solution with 70% active tannin content, sourced from Acacia mearnsii (black wattle) bark, quebracho wood, or equivalent condensed tannin sources. Must contain polyflavonoid tannins with phenolic hydroxyl groups suitable for Mannich reaction cationization. Physical form: fine powder (moisture content <10%) or viscous aqueous solution. Typical specifications: total phenolics >70%, condensed tannins >65%, pH 4-6 (10% solution), low ash content (<3%), free from contaminants that would interfere with cationization reaction. Primary commercial sources include TANAC (Brazil - Acacia mearnsii), Silvateam (Italy - quebracho), and similar specialty tannin extract producers.

BEWAT is a natural-origin coagulant biopolymer for water treatment, based on natural extracts obtained from trees and plants from sustainable crops

Material composition: water: 71.0%; 4-(7-hidroxi-6-(((2-hidroxietil)amino)metil) benzodihidropirano-2-il)benceno-1,2-diol: 28.0%; cloruro de 2-hidroxietilamonio: 3.0%; ácido clorhídrico: 0.1%; formaldehído: 0.1%

Product attributes:
- Geography: Spain
- Recycled content: 0.0%. aqueous cationic tannin polymer (quaternary ammonium chloride), final product is ~20–40% active, pH ≈2–3, formaldehyde <0.1%, metals negligible to ≤1% depending on grade—sourced from acacia bark tannins


Market for Cell Culture Media (Basal + Feed)

Market for materials that fulfill Liquid or powder cell culture media comprising basal media (amino acids, vitamins, glucose, inorganic salts, ~1 L per L bioreactor working volume) and concentrated feed media supplements added periodically during fed-batch operation (~0.3–0.7 L per L working volume over 12–14 days). Must be chemically defined and animal-component-free. Compatible with CHO cell fed-batch culture (e.g., EX-CELL Advanced CHO Feed, ActiCHO Feed, Cellvento CHO-220). Consumed per batch across seed train and production bioreactor stages.

One batch of Product A2B (Rituximab) is a monoclonal antibody drug substance that Samsung Biologics produces on a consignment basis and supplies to Roche.


Market for D4H (octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane with Si-H groups)

Market for materials that fulfill Cyclic methylhydrosiloxane monomer with Si-H functionality. CAS 2370-88-9. Colorless liquid with molecular formula C8H24O4Si4 and molecular weight ~297 g/mol. Purity ≥98%. Must be free from moisture and chloride contamination. Provides the active Si-H bonds in the final hydrogen-containing silicone oil product. Produced from the Direct Process via hydrolysis and equilibration of methylhydrochlorosilane.

Silicone oil containing hydrogen

Silicone oil containing hydrogen is a colorless transparent liquid. Because the molecule contains active Si-H bond, it can participate in a variety of chemical reactions and has good film forming performance, which is widely used in textile and leather treatment. Silicone oil containing hydrogen has excellent hydrophobicity and excellent silicon-hydrogen addition reactivity.


Market for Organic Monterey Jack cheese (shredded)

Market for materials that fulfill Certified organic Monterey Jack cheese, pre-shredded, suitable for use as enchilada filling blend and tray topping. Must be USDA organic certified. Delivered chilled at food-safe temperature.

Amy’s Cheese Enchilada – frozen meal (normalized to 1 kg packaged product)

A single-serve frozen Mexican-style entree consisting of corn tortillas rolled around a Monterey Jack and cheddar cheese filling, topped with a mild tomato-based sauce featuring onion, bell pepper, green chiles, olives, garlic, and a small amount of vegetable oil, thickened with sweet rice flour and tapioca starch. Typical retail tray is 255 g net weight.

Amy’s Cheese Enchilada – frozen meal (normalized to 1 kg packaged product)


Market for Wedged PVB interlayer 0.86mm

Market for materials that fulfill Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) interlayer film with wedge profile geometry (wedge angle 0.15-0.70 mrad) and 0.86mm nominal thickness. Purchased as finished product from specialized PVB suppliers (e.g., Kuraray Trosifol, Sekisui S-LEC). Pre-manufactured via precision extrusion using wedge-shaped dies at supplier facilities to create the specific wedge angle required to prevent double image projection in Head-Up Display (HUD) applications. Must meet automotive lamination standards for optical clarity, adhesion properties, and dimensional stability. Physical form: rolls or pre-cut sheets ready for cutting and assembly

Laminated HUD Coated Windshield composed of one 2.1mm PLANICLEAR® glass sheet combined with one 1.6mm coated PLANICLEAR® glass sheet, bonded together using a 0.86mm wedged PVB interlayer with specific design to avoid double image projection. The coating (CLIMACOAT®) improves thermal comfort through Infra-Red Reflective properties. The HUD system creates a virtual image in front of the car to display driver information.

Material composition: PLANICLEAR® glass: 51.1%; Coated PLANICLEAR® glass: 38.9%; PVB (Polyvinyl Butyral): 8.95%; Metal connectors: 0.547%; Black enamel: 0.203%; Mirror-bracket: 0.108%; Silver paste: 0.054%; Plastic holder: 0.135%

Product attributes:
- Geography: Germany
- Recycled content: 22.0%


Market for GMO-free vegetable-origin compound feed

Market for materials that fulfill Multi-phase compound broiler feed (starter, grower, and finisher formulations) produced exclusively from GMO-free vegetable ingredients: corn, soy, wheat, peas, and/or beans. Must comply with Italian and EU GMO-free labeling standards and be suitable for fast-growing broiler hybrids. Feed conversion ratio target of 1.6–1.8 kg feed per kg live weight gain. Delivered to integrated company-owned feed mills or broiler houses in bulk.

Petto di pollo convenzionale OGM free

Chicken breast produced using meat from animals raised on the ground in Italy and fed strictly with feed of vegetable origin, without GMOs


Market for Virgin atactic polypropylene (aPP)

Market for materials that fulfill Virgin atactic polypropylene (aPP) in pellet or powder form. Primary polymer binder in the blend. Must meet specifications for bitumen modification (e.g., melt flow index, molecular weight). Constitutes approximately 25% of output mass. Full upstream production burden propagated.

PTC700 is a copolymer polyolefinic blend for the modification of bitumen in roofing felt production. It improves plasticity, cohesion, heat resistance, resistance against deformation and UV radiation, and cold bending performance of bitumen.

Material composition: Recycled plastics: 33.0%; Oils (100% recycled): 35.0%; Plastic material (e.g., Atactic Polypropylene aPP): 25.0%; Additives (e.g. Calcium Carbonate): 7.0%

Product attributes:
- Geography: Italy
- Recycled content: 68.0%


Market for Pepperoni (pork/chicken/beef blend, sliced)

Market for materials that fulfill Sliced pepperoni made from a pork, chicken, and beef blend. Pre-sliced or suitable for on-line slicing. Must meet food safety specifications for processed meat topping on frozen pizza. Industrial food-grade for automated meat dispensing equipment.

DiGiorno Original Rising Crust Pepperoni Pizza (per 1 kg net pizza)

A frozen, par-baked, rising-crust pizza sold under the DiGiorno brand (Nestlé USA). It features an enriched wheat-flour dough that rises during baking, a tomato-paste-based sauce, real low-moisture part-skim mozzarella cheese, and pepperoni made with pork, chicken, and beef. The product is sold frozen in a paperboard carton with a thin plastic overwrap; typical retail net weights are around 24.7 oz (702 g) per pie, but this LCA is normalized to 1.00 kg of edible pizza.

DiGiorno Original Rising Crust Pepperoni Pizza (per 1 kg net pizza)


Market for Primary packaging container

Market for materials that fulfill Hermetic primary containers compatible with retort sterilization at 121°C and vacuum sealing. Options: tinplate or steel metal cans (may contain recycled steel content) or glass jars with metal lids. Must be food-grade, sized for retail or small foodservice portions, and suitable for shelf-stable ambient storage of canned chopped tomatoes.

Valfrutta chopped tomatoes "Rossopizza denso" are obtained only from selected tomatoes, using only tomatoes come from certified integrated production, harvested and processed on the same day. Ideal for pizzas with a strong tomato flavor and recipes with short cooking times. Dense and creamy tomato product.

Material composition: tomatoes: 89.9%; salt: 0.2%; citric acid: 0.6%; water: 1.7%; primary packaging: 1.1%; secondary packaging: 1.7%; tertiary packaging: 1.1%

Product attributes:
- Geography: Italy
- Recycled content: 3.23%


Market for Red orange juice concentrate

Market for materials that fulfill Fruit juice concentrate from red/blood oranges, purchased at 65-70°Brix in frozen or chilled form, food-grade, suitable for beverage production. Used for reconstitution in RTD fruit drink manufacturing. Supplied in bulk frozen or refrigerated format.

Fruit Drink Blood Orange, Carrot and Lemon 1500 ml: water, red orange juice, grapes, lemon, carrot, flavours. Acidifier: citric acid, currant and carrot extract. Zero added sugar and gluten free.

Material composition: water: 92.5%; fruit concentrates: 6.8%; flavors/vitamins: 0.46%; citric acid/ascorbic: 0.2%

Product attributes:
- Geography: Europe
- Recycled content: 9.55%

Fruit Drink Blood Orange, Carrot and Lemon


Market for Atactic polypropylene (aPP) pellets

Market for materials that fulfill Virgin atactic polypropylene in pellet or powder form. Amorphous structure with lower melting point than isotactic PP. Good compatibility with bitumen. Must be suitable for extrusion compounding at barrel temperatures of 165-180°C. Typical specifications: melt flow index appropriate for compounding, low crystallinity, good thermal stability.

Polypropylene compound for bituminous membranes. PTC 1200 is a polyolefinic blend for the modification of bitumen in roofing felt production.

Material composition: plastic material (atactic polypropylene aPP): 59.0%; recycled plastics: 16.0%; oils: 24.0%; additives: 0.0%

Product attributes:
- Geography: Italy
- Recycled content: 17.44%


Market for Tomato paste or tomato purée concentrate

Market for materials that fulfill Concentrated tomato product with 28-38% solids (Brix). Cold break paste (processed at 60-70°C) is preferred for soup applications due to its thinner, more fluid consistency. This is the base for the tomato broth. Must be food grade and suitable for canning, meeting FDA standards.

Progresso Vegetable Classics Minestrone (food contents, per 1 kg)

A ready-to-serve, vegetarian Italian vegetable soup sold in 19 oz (538 g) steel cans. Main ingredients: water; tomato purée (water, tomato paste); carrots; celery; light red kidney beans; green beans; small penne pasta (semolina wheat, egg white); dried peas; spinach; garbanzo beans; plus <1% seasonings and oils. Typical water content is ~86%, with vegetables, legumes, and small pasta providing the remaining solids.

Progresso Vegetable Classics Minestrone (food contents, per 1 kg)


Market for Degermed corn grits

Market for materials that fulfill Degermed corn kernels milled to chunks approximately one-half to one-third the size of whole kernels. Raw, unflavored endosperm pieces with typical moisture content of approximately 12%. These serve as the primary structural ingredient for the corn flakes.

A 300g box of Kellogg's Frosted Flakes (U.S.) — packaged cereal

Ready-to-eat flaked cereal made mainly from milled corn coated with sugar and malt flavor, fortified with vitamins and minerals (iron, B-vitamins, folic acid, vitamin D). It is sold in a printed folding paperboard carton with an inner LDPE plastic bag. The cereal is produced by cooking/tempering corn grits, rolling into flakes, toasting, applying a sugar syrup, drying, and packaging. The box weighs 300g

A 300g box of Kellogg's Frosted Flakes (U.S.) — packaged cereal


Market for Chrome-plated steel tubing and components

Market for materials that fulfill Pre-chromed steel tubing and components purchased from metal suppliers and chrome plating specialists. Base material is carbon steel or alloy steel with chrome plating for corrosion resistance and aesthetic finish. Typical dimensions: 6-19mm diameter (commonly 19mm), 1.6-2mm wall thickness. Used for four-leg base and frame structural components. Must meet strength requirements for contract furniture grade (BS EN 16139:2013 Level 1). The chrome plating process is completed upstream - only purchase pre-chromed components.

Grafton Conference Chair

Pelko vinyl upholstered seat and back on a metal four-leg chrome base. Made in Ireland.

Product attributes:
- Geography: Ireland